Daily Linear Accelerator Quality Assurance1,2

Machine-type tolerance
Procedure
Non-IMRT IMRT SRS/SBRT
Dosimetry
X-ray output constancy (all energies)
3%
Electron output constancy*
Mechanical
Laser localization 2mm 1.5mm 1mm
Distance indicator (ODI) at iso 2mm 2mm 2mm
Collimator size indicator 2mm 2mm 1mm
Safety
Door interlock (beam off) Functional
Door closing safety Functional
Audiovisual monitor(s) Functional
Stereotactic interlocks (lockout) NA NA Functional
Radiation area monitor (if used) Functional
Beam on indicator Functional
*Weekly check, except for machines with unique e-monitoring requiring daily check

Monthly Linear Accelerator Quality Assurance1,2

Machine-type tolerance
Procedure
Non-IMRT IMRT SRS/SBRT
Dosimetry
X-ray output constancy
Electron output constancy 2%
Backup monitor chamber constancy
Typical dose rate output constancy NA 2% (@ IMRT dose 2% (@ stereo dose
rate) rate, MU)
Photon beam profile constancy 1%
Electron beam profile constancy 1%
Electron beam energy constancy 2% / 2mm
Mechanical
Light/radiation field coincidence 2mm or 1% on a side
Light/radiation field coincidence 1mm or 1% on a side
(asymmetric)
Distance check device for lasers 1mm
compared with front pointer
Gantry/collimator angle indicators 1.0°
(@ cardinal angles) (digital only)
Accessory trays (i.e., port film 2mm
graticle tray)
Jaw position indicators (symmetric) 2mm
Jaw position indicators (asymmetric) 1mm
Cross-hair centering (walkout) 1mm
Treatment couch position indicators 2mm/1° 2mm/1° 1mm/0.5°
Wedge placement accuracy 2mm
Compensator placement accuracy 1mm
Latching of wedges, blocking tray Functional
Localizing lasers ±2mm ±1mm <±1mm
Safety
Laser guard-interlock test Functional
Respiratory gating
Beam output constancy 2%
Phase, amplitude beam control Functional
In-room respiratory monitoring Functional
system
Gating interlock Functional

Annual Linear Accelerator Quality Assurance1,2

Machine-type tolerance
Procedure
Non-IMRT IMRT SRS/SBRT
Dosimetry
X-ray flatness change from baseline 1%
X-ray symmetry change from baseline ±1%
Electron flatness change from baseline 1%
Electron symmetry change from baseline ±1%
SRS are rotation mode (range: 0.5-10 MU/deg) NA NA Monitor units set vs.
delivered: 1.0 MU or 2%
(whichever is greater)
Gantry are set vs.
delivered: 1.0° or 2%
(whichever is greater)
X-ray/electron output calibration (TG-51) ±1% (absolute)
Spot check of field size dependent output 2% for field size <
factors for x-ray (two or more FSs) 4x4 cm2, 1% ≥ 4x4
cm2
Output factors for electron applicators (spot ±2% from baseline
check of one applicator/energy)
X-ray beam quality (PDD10 or 𝐓𝐌𝐑𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟎 ) ±1% from baseline
Electron beam quality (R50) ±1mm
Physical wedge transmission factor constancy ±2%
X-ray monitor unit linearity (output ±2% ≥ 5 ±5% (2-4 MU), ±2% ±5% (2-4 MU), ±2% ≥ 5
constancy) MU ≥ 5 MU MU
Electron monitor unit linearity (output ±2% ≥ 5 MU
constancy)
X-ray output constancy vs. dose rate ±2% from baseline
X-ray output constancy vs. gantry angle ±1% from baseline
Electron output constancy vs. gantry angle ±1% from baseline
Electron and x-ray off-axis factor constancy ±1% from baseline
vs. gantry angle
Arc mode (expected MU, degrees) ±1% from baseline
TBI/TSET mode Functional
PDD or TMR and OAF constancy 1% (TBI) or 1mm
PDD shift (TSET)
from baseline
TBI/TSET output calibration 2% from baseline
TBI/TSET accessories 2% from baseline
Mechanical
Collimator rotation isocenter ±1mm from baseline
 Gantry rotation isocenter ±1mm from baseline
Couch rotation isocenter ±1mm from baseline
Electron applicator interlocks Functional
Coincidence of radiation and mechanical ±2mm from ±2mm from baseline ±1mm from baseline
isocenter baseline
Table top sag 2mm from baseline
Table angle 1°
Table travel maximum range movement in all ±2mm
directions
Stereotactic accessories, lockouts, etc. NA NA Functional
Safety
Follow manufacturer’s test procedures Functional
Respiratory gating
Beam energy constancy 2%
Temporal accuracy of phase/amplitude gate on 100 ms of expected
Calibration of surrogate for respiratory 100 ms of expected
phase/amplitude
Interlock testing Functional

Add any published recommendations regarding QA of Simulators, Imaging(MV KV, CBCT ..) or Instruments
to your chart of QA parameters.
Upload your chart as an attachment to the Discussion Forum by Wednesday, Sept 12 for peer review. Post your
comments/make suggestions to 2 others in your group by Friday Sept 14th.
CT Simulator QA: for electromechanical components3
Performance Parameters Frequency Tolerance Limits
Alignment of gantry lasers with the Daily +/-2mm
center of imaging plane
Orientation of gantry lasers with Monthly and after laser +/-2mm over the length of laser
respect to the imaging plane adjustments projection
Spacing of lateral wall lasers with Monthly and after laser +/-2mm
respect to lateral gantry lasers and scan adjustments
plane
Orientation of wall lasers with respect Monthly and after laser +/-2mm over the length of laser
to the imaging plane adjustments projection
Orientation of the ceiling laser with Monthly and after laser +/-2mm over the length of laser
respect to the imaging plane adjustments projection
Orientation of the CT scanner tabletop Monthly or when daily laser +/-2mm over the length and
with respect to the imaging plane quality assurance tests width of the tabletop
reveal rotational problems
Table vertical and longitudinal motion Monthly +/-1mm over the range of table
motion
Table indexing and position Annually +/-1mm over the scan range
Gantry tilt accuracy Annually +/-10 over the gantry tilt range
Gantry tilt position accuracy Annually +/-10 or +/-1mm from nominal
position
Scan localization Annually +/-1mm over the scan range
Radiation profile width Annually Manufacturer specifications
Sensitivity profile width Semiannually +/-1mm of nominal value
 Generator tests After replacement of major Manufacturer specifications or
generator component Report No. 39 recommendations
*Depending on goals and prior clinical experience of a particular CT-simulation program, these tests, frequencies, and
tolerances may be modified by the medical physicist.

CT Simulator QA: for Image performance evaluation3

Performance Parameter Frequency Tolerance Limits
CT number accuracy Daily- CT number for water For water, 0+/-5 HU
Monthly- four to five
different materials
Annually-electron density
phantom
Image Noise Daily Manufacturer specifications
In plane spatial integrity Daily- X or Y direction +/-1mm
Monthly- both directions
Field Uniformity Monthly- most commonly Within +/-5 HU
used kVp
Annually- other used kVp
settings
Electron density to CT number Annually- or after scanner Consistent with commissioning
conversion calibration results and test phantom
manufacturer specifications
Spatial resolution Annually Manufacturer specifications
Contrast resolution Annually Manufacturer specifications
*Depending on goals and prior clinical experience of a particular CT-simulation program, these tests, frequencies, and
tolerances may be modified by the medical physicist.

Daily IGRT QA2

Machine-type tolerance
Procedure Non-SRS/SBRT SRS/SBRT
Planar kV and MV (EPID) imaging
Collision interlocks Functional Functional
Positioning/repositioning ≤ 2 mm ≤ 1 mm
Imaging and treatment coordinate ≤ 2 mm ≤ 1 mm
coincidence (single gantry angle)

Cone-beam CT (kV and MV)

Collision interlocks Functional Functional
Imaging and treatment coordinate ≤ 2 mm ≤ 1 mm
coincidence
Positioning/repositioning ≤ 1 mm ≤ 1 mm

Monthly IGRT QA2

Machine-type tolerance
Procedure Non-SRS/SBRT SRS/SBRT
Planar MV imaging (EPID)
Imaging and treatment coordinate ≤ 2 mm ≤ 1 mm
coincidence (four cardinal angles)
Scaling ≤ 2 mm ≤ 2 mm
Spatial resolution Baseline Baseline
Contrast Baseline Baseline
Uniformity and noise Baseline Baseline

Planar kV imaging
Imaging and treatment coordinate ≤ 2 mm ≤ 1 mm
coincidence (four cardinal angles)
Scaling ≤ 2 mm ≤ 1 mm
Spatial resolution Baseline Baseline
Contrast Baseline Baseline
Uniformity and noise Baseline Baseline

Cone-beam CT (kV and MV)

Geometric distortion ≤ 2 mm ≤ 1 mm
Spatial resolution Baseline Baseline
Contrast Baseline Baseline
HU constancy Baseline Baseline
Uniformity and noise Baseline Baseline

Annual IGRT QA2

Machine-type tolerance
Procedure Non-SRS/SBRT SRS/SBRT
Planar MV imaging (EPID)
Full range of travel SDD ± 5 mm ± 5 mm
Imaging dose Baseline Baseline

Planar kV imaging
Beam quality/energy Baseline Baseline
Imaging dose Baseline Baseline

Cone-beam CT (kV and MV)

Imaging dose Baseline Baseline

Instrument QA4
All Instruments Procedure Frequency
Acceptance testing Upon purchase
Commissioning Prior to departmental use
Wear and tear inspections Upon Use
QA inter-comparisons Frequently
Global comparisons of QA Periodically
results
 Follow guidelines form Always
AAPM
Second Checks When discrepancy is too large
Ionization Chambers ADCL calibration Every 2 years
Secondary chamber / Biannually (before and after
electrometer comparison ADCL calibration)
Beam Scanning Systems Acceptance Testing Upon Purchase
Functionality tests of Prior to use and after upgrades in
scanning detectors, software, software
and accuracy
Physics Instruments Ruler (NIST calibration) NA
Thermometer/barometer Upon purchase / biannually (NIST
comparison reference)
Absolute/Relative Dose measuring Responsiveness Before initial use
systems Diode and MOSFET QA Monthly
TLD system QA Monthly (at minimum)
Film QA Use Dependant
Survey Meters Calibration Annually
Battery, constancy check Ongoing

Multi-leaf
Collimation QA1
Frequency Test Tolerance
Patient specific Check of MLC-generated field vs. simulator 2mm
film (or DRR) before each field treated
Double check of MLC field by therapists for Expected Field
each fraction
On-line imaging verification for patient on each Physician discretion
infraction
Port film approval before second fraction Physician discretion

Quarterly Setting vs. light field vs. radiation field for two 1mm
designated patterns
Testing of network system Expected fields over network

Check of interlocks All must be operational

Annually Setting vs. light vs radiation field for patterns 1mm

over range of gantry and collimator angles
Water scan of set patterns

Water scan of set patterns 50% radiation edge within 1mm

Film scans to evaluate interleaf leakage and Interleaf leakage<3%, abutted

abutted leaf transmission leakage<25%
Review of procedures and in-service with All operators must fully
therapists understand operations and
procedures
MLC QA of IMRT
Machines2
Frequency Procedure Tolerance
Weekly Qualitative test (i.e., Visual inspection for discernable deviations such as an
matched segments, aka increase in interleaf transmission
"picket fenc")
Monthly Setting vs radiation 2 mm
field for two patterns
(non-IMRT)
Backup diaphragm 2 mm
settings (Elekta only)
Travel speed (IMRT) Loss of leaf speed > 0.5 cm/s
Leaf position accuracy 1 mm for leaf positions of an IMRT field for four cardinal
(IMRT) gantry angles. (Picket fence test may be used, test depends
on clinical planning-segment size)
Annually MLC transmission ± 0.5% from baseline
(average of leaf and
interleaf transmission),
all energies
Leaf position ± 1.0 mm
repeatability
MLC spoke shot ≤ 1.0 mm radius
Coincidence of light ± 2.0 mm
field and x-ray field
(all energies)
Segmental IMRT (step < 0.35 cm max. error RMS, 95% of error counts <0.35 cm
and shoot) test
Moving window < 0.35 cm max. error RMS, 95% of error counts <0.35 cm
IMRT (four cardinal
gantry angles)

Wedge QA2
Frequency Procedure Tolerence
Daily Morning check-out run for one angle Functional
Monthly Wedge Factor for all energies Dynamic - C.A. axis 45⁰ or 60⁰ WF within
2%
Universal - C.A. axis 45⁰ or 60⁰ WF within
2%
Virtual - 5% from unity otherwise 2%
Annual Check of wedge angle for 60⁰, full field and Check of off-center ratios @ 80% field
spot check of intermediate angle, field size width @ 10 cm to be within 2%
TPS QA5
Recommended Frequency Item Details
Daily Error log Review report log listing system failures, error
messages, hardware malfunctions, and other
problems. Triage list and remedy any serious
problemds that occur during the day.
Change log Keep log of hardware/software changes
Weekly Digitizer Review digitizer accuracy.
Hardcopy output Review all hardcopy output, including scaling for
plotter and other graphics-type output
Computer files Verify integrity of all RTP system data files and
executables using checksums or other simple
software checks. Checking software should be
provided by the vendor.
Review clinical Review clinical treatment planning activity.
planning Discuss errors,
problems, complications, difficulties. Resolve
problems.
Monthly CT data input into RTP Review the CT data within the planning system
system for geometrical accuracy, CT number consistency
(also dependent on the QA and use of the
scanner), and derived electron density.
Problem review Review all RTP problems (both for RTP system
and clinical
treatment planning) and prioritize problems to be
resolved.
Review of RTP system Review current configuration and status of all
RTP system software, hardware, and data files
Annual Dose calculations Annual checks. Review acceptability of
agreement between measured and calculated
doses for each beam/source.
Data and I/O devices Review functioning and accuracy of digitizer
tablet, video/laser digitizer, CT input, MR input,
printers, plotters, and other imaging output
devices.
Critical software tools Review BEV/DRR generation and plot accuracy,
CT geometry, density conversions, DVH
 calculations, other critical tools, machine-specific
conversions, data files, and other critical data.

Variable Beam parameterization Checks and/or recommissioning may be required

due to machine changes or problems
Software changes, Checks and/or recommissioning may be required
including operating due to changes in the RTP software, any
systems support/additional software such as image
transfer software, or the operating system.

Intracavitary Source and Applicator QA6

Procedure End point Frequency
evaluate dimensions/serial number source identity physical length and diameter initially
superposition of auto and active source length and uniformity, capsule initially
transmission radiographs thickness accuracy of source construction
source leak test capsule integrity every 6 months
source calibration source strength initially, annually
dosimetric evaluation of applicator magnitude and geometric characteristics of initially
shielding effect
orthogonal radiographs of correct source position, mechanical integrity, initially, annually
applicators internal shield positioning coincidence of
dummy and radioactive source
measure applicator dimensions correct diameter and length, correct diameter of initially, annually
all colpostat caps and cylinder segments
source inventory correct source number quarterly
source preparation area safety of brachytherapy as needed
survey personnel as needed

Interstitial Source and Applicator QA6

Procedure End point Frequency
evaluate spacing and no. ribbon geometry and seed quantity initially
seeds/ribbon
source calibration source strength initially, each use
strength per seed or strength per source strength uniformity initially
unit length
applicator integrity varies: initially, annually
metal needles: sharpness and straightness
templates: o-ring integrity and hole locations
evaluate dummy ribbon coincidence of dummy and radioactive sources initially, annually
geometry
source leak test capsule integrity every 6 months
source inventory correct source number quarterly
source preparation safety or brachytherapy quarterly
area survey personnel quarterly

Daily Remote Afterloader QA6

Test endpoint Test methodology System type
dose delivery accuracy Verify date, time and source strength in treatment unit and all
planning computer
Verify source strength and timer accuracy against a tertiary HDR/PDR
standard (see text)
overall system function Run system through a complete cycle of simulated treatment: all
• programming;
• source ejection;
• source retraction at end of timer countdown
Verify treatment status indicator lights and critical source control all
functions
Correct function of dedicated fluoroscopy/imaging system if HDR
present
patient/public/staff Correct function:
safety • door interlock; HDR/PDR
• area radiation monitor; HDR/PDR
• audio/visual system communication; HDR/PDR
• portable survey meter; all
• audible/visual error and alarm condition indicators; all
Safety equipment available: all
• emergency instructions;
• emergency equipment (forceps, emergency safe, surgical
supplies);
• operator’s manual;
• survey meter
Measure hourly/weekly radiation levels after patient loaded and PDR/LDR
portable shields positioned
verify positional Many possible tests: all
accuracy within 1 mm • primary positional accuracy test for a single catheter;
• deviation of ion chamber response placed near a programmed
dwell position;
• multiple-channel autoradiograph of every active dwell position
used in the patient treatment and compare programmed position
to expected;
• visually check that relative position of source tip in a ruled
catheter reproduces from day-to-day
Autoradiograph patient-specific configuration of sources loaded all fixed and
into intermediate safe of device programmable
source-train
units
temporal accuracy Many possible tests: HDR/PDR
• time duration of ‘‘source ejected’’ light;
 • perform a spot check of radiation output for a timed interval
using tertiary calibration standard jig
• compare source arrival and departure times on printed treatment
documentation with a clock or stop watch;
• for LDR, subtract treatment interruptions from overall treatment LDR
time and compare to programmed time (optional)

Quarterly Remote Afterloader QA6

General endpoint Specific tests/endpoints System type
personnel safety Head/machine survey with source retracted all
patient safety • Important interlocks and emergency response systems all
function: obstructed applicator, missing applicator, door,
unlocked indexer ring, displacement, power/ air pressure
loss, backup battery system
• Emergency source handling tools, shielded storage all
container, and supplies for emergency applicator removal
available and functioning.
calibration of optical and • As specified by vendor. all
pneumatic source
position/status detection
systems; any other preventive
maintenance or inspections
correct operation of all • Examine all dummies for kinks or bends that may all
applicators, transfer tubes shorten their axial displacement through applicator
and source localization assembly. Check integrity of all transfer tube-applicator
dummies interfaces
positional accuracy: single • Verify that radioactive source position agrees with all HDR/PDR
stepping source dummy marker within 0.5 mm previously tested against single-
dwell position markers used in simulation. stepping
source
• Confirm check cable operation
devices
• Obtain multiple channel autoradiograph with unique
dwell sequence in each channel: verify that dwell position
spacing, assignment of dwell sequence to programmed
channel, and relative indexer length to dwell 1 are correct
within 1 mm
• Confirm accuracy of daily positional test protocol
• Transfer tube length (if stability through time is not
confirmed and positional accuracy is influenced by tube
length)
positional accuracy: multiple- • Device positions source train in specified treatment all
source machines location
• Source trains delivered to programmed channels within all
1 mm of intended location
• Source trains correctly sorted and composed programmable
source train
• Source inventory correct all
 • Source trains stored in correct locations in user fixed source-
accessible storage location train devices
source calibration Measure source air kerma strength using a ‘secondary’ HDR/PDR
standard as described in Sec. III
redundant source calibration • Difference between measured and vendor-specified air HDR/PDR
checks kerma strength is within expected margin
• Use tertiary source strength standard ~e.g.,
daily/monthly output checking system! to confirm
primary calibration within 5%. Different electrometerand
detector to be used
spot check of absolute timer Various techniques available (Williamson, 1991 and all LDR
accuracy 1994)
timer accuracy and linearity timer accuracy and linearity measurement HDR/PDR
measurement
miscellaneous • Update source strength in treatment planning computer all
initialization file, treatment unit and quarterly inventory
• Have a second physicist independently review the HDR/PDR
quarterly report

Annual Remote Afterloader QA6

Test endpoint Test methodology System type
personnel and public safety • Review workload and annualized unrestricted all
area/personnel exposures
• Perform facility survey if occupancy/building structure all
revised
dose delivery accuracy • Intercompare secondary standard used for quarterly HDR/PDR
calibration against another departmental substandard. Obtain
new calibration from ADCL if calibration more than two
years old
• Verify air kerma strength calibration and other annual Table LDR
I checks
positional accuracy • Verify accuracy of any jigs or autoradiography cassettes all
used for daily/monthly positional accuracy verification
• Verify construction/spacing of all simulation markers all
(dummy sources)
• Verify position of simulation markers agrees with all
radioactive source for all applicator types. Verify simulation
source localization procedure
• Apply Table I/II tests to all intracavitary/interstitial all
applicators
• If positional accuracy assumes fixed transfer tube length, all
verify length/uniformity if not checked quarterly
temporal accuracy • Verify timer linearity and absolute accuracy all
• Verify transit dose/source velocity all
• Verify pulse sequencing PDR
additional • Verify that unit detects simulated detached source capsule HDR/PDR
interlock/emergency • Verify emergency retraction buttons in room and manual HDR/PDR
response tests source retraction crank function
 • Verify that source retracts and emergency retraction motor all
activates when excessive friction/applicator obstruction
encountered by source
miscellaneous • Check that treatment unit correctly decays source strengths all
and corrects dwell times for decay
• Review accuracy of all standard treatment configurations all
stored in treatment unit
• Review quality assurance manual and update if necessary. all
• Review compliance with personnel training requirements. all

IMRT QA1
Frequency Procedure Tolerance
Before first Individual field verification, plan verification 3% (point dose), other per clinical
treatment significance
Daily Dose to a test point in each IMRT field 3%
Weekly Static field vs. sliding window field dose 3% in dose delivery
distribution as a function of gantry and
collimator angles
Annually All commissioning procedures:
stability of leaf speed, leaf acceleration and 3% in dose delivery, other per clinical
deceleration, multileaf collimator transmission, significance
leaf positional accuracy, static field vs. sliding
window field as a function of gantry and
collimator angles, standard plan verification

SRS QA4
Linear Accelerator Follow guidelines found in AAPM TG-42 'Sterotactic Radiosurgery'
Gamma Knife NRC/Agreement State regulations in conjuction with guidelines found in AAPM TG-
42 'Sterotactic Radiosurgery'

Cyberknife QA7
Daily
Procedure Tolerance
Safety interlocks (Door, console EMO, Key) Functional
CCTV cameras and monitors Functional
Audio monitor Functional
Collimator assembly collision detector Functional
Accelerator warm-up: 6000 MU for open chambers N/A

3000 MU for sealed chambers

Accelerator output <2%: no change needed; >2%: adjust calibration
Detection of incorrect and missing secondary Functional
collimator
Visual check of beam laser and a standard floor < 1 mm
mark
AQA test < 1 mm from baseline
Monthly
Procedure Tolerance
Safety interlocks Functional
Energy constancy 2%
Beam symmetry >3%
Beam shape >2% Compared to beam data
Output >2%
Imager alignment 1 mm or center pixel ± 2 pixels
Contrast, noise and spatial resolution of amorphous To be decided by user based on available literature
silicon detector. Homogeneity/bad pixels.

Custom CT model: CT QA (spatial accuracy, See TG 66

electron density)
Verify relative location of beam laser vs. radiation 0.5 mm
CAX has not changed
Visually check isocentric plan to verify beam laser Laser on isocrystal for each node
illuminates isocrystal; rotate through path sets each
month
Intracranial and extracranial E2E; set schedule to <0.95 mm or < 1.5 mm for motion tracking
cycle through each clinically used tracking method
and path
Nonisocentric patient QA or DQA; ideally DTA 2 mm/2% Synchrony DTA 3%/3mm
performed quarterly
Observe Synchrony treatment or simulation; listen No significant change
for unusual noise and visually check for vibrations

Annual
Procedure Tolerance
EPO button Functional
TG 51 or IAEA TRS-398, including secondary Adjust calibration if > 1% difference is found
independent check.
Beam data checks on at least three collimators, To be decided by user
including largest and smallest collimator (TPR or
PDD, OCR, output factors)

Dose output linearity to lowest MU/beam used. 1%

Imager kvp accuracy, mA station exposure See table in report for references
linearity, exposure reproducibility, focal spot size
 Signal to noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio, relative Compare to baseline
modulation transer function, imager sensitivity
stability, bad pixel count and pattern, uniformity
corrected images, detector centering and imager
gain statistics.

TG 53 as applicable TG 53
CT QA (in addition to monthly) See TG 66
Data security and verification Functional
2nd Order Path Calibration; currently only possible Each node < 0.5 mm RMS < 0.3 mm
with the help of a service engineer
Check noise level of optical markers < 0.2 mm
Run Synchrony E2E test with at least 20 deg phase To be decided by user
shift; analyze penumbra spread.
Monthly QA In addition to tolerances listed aboce, update all
parameters and checklists
Daily QA Update parameters

References
1. Khan FM. Gibbons JP. The Physics of Radiation Therapy. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott,
Williams, & Wilkins; 2014:395-399.
2. Klein E, Hanley J, Bayouth J, et al. Task Group 142 report: Quality assurance of medical accelerators.
Med Phys. 2009;36(9):1497-4212.
3. Mutic S, Palta J, Butker E, et al. Quality assurance for computed-tomography simulators and the
computed tomography-simulation process: Report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task
Group No. 66. Med Phys. 2003;30(10):2762-2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.160927
4. Thomason C, Lenards N. QA of Instruments. [SoftChalk]. La Crosse, WI: UW-LMedical Dosimetry
Program; 2017
5. Fraass B, Doppke K, Hunt M, et al. American Association of Physicists in Medicine Radiation Therapy
Committee Task Group 53: Quality assurance for clinical radiotherapy treatment planning. Med
Phys. 1998;25(10):1773-1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.598373
6. Nath R, Anderson L, Meli J, et al. Code of practice for brachytherapy physics: Report of the AAPM
Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 56. Med Phys. 1997; 24(10):1557-1598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597966
7. Dieterich S, Cavedon C, Chuang C, et al. Report of AAPM TG 135: Quality assurance for robotic
radiosurgery. Med Phys.2011;38(6):2914-2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3579139