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Fortran Programming For Beginner Seismologists Lesson 3: Tatsuhiko Hara

The document provides instructions for creating a Fortran program to generate a travel time table using a DO loop and saving the results to a file. It then discusses using the GNUPLOT program to plot the travel time table from the data file, including commands for setting plot properties and loading command files to automate plotting. Exercises are included to have students modify the travel time program, save results to a file, and use GNUPLOT to plot the travel time table.

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80 views19 pages

Fortran Programming For Beginner Seismologists Lesson 3: Tatsuhiko Hara

The document provides instructions for creating a Fortran program to generate a travel time table using a DO loop and saving the results to a file. It then discusses using the GNUPLOT program to plot the travel time table from the data file, including commands for setting plot properties and loading command files to automate plotting. Exercises are included to have students modify the travel time program, save results to a file, and use GNUPLOT to plot the travel time table.

Uploaded by

eugeniovn2012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IISEE lecture for group training

Fortran programming for


beginner seismologists
Lesson 3
Lecturer

Tatsuhiko Hara

Reference 1
Introduction to FORTRAN90/95 by S. J. Chapman (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998)
Let’s make a travel time table
• In Lesson 2, we have developed a program
to calculate a travel time for a given pair of
a focal depth and an epicentral distance.
• It is necessary to calculate travel times for a
given focal depth for a set of epicentral
distances to obtain a travel time table.
• In Lesson 3, we are going to extend our
program to make a travel time table.

2
How can we avoid tiring task?
• It is a quite tiring task to input a certain
value among a set of epicentral distances to
the program developed in Lesson 2, and run
the program many times in order to get a
travel time table.
• To avoid this tiring task, we use an iterative
DO loop (a counting loop).

3
The Iterative DO LOOP
• The iterative DO loop construct has the form
do index=(initial value), (final value), increment
(calculation)
end do

where the value of the variable ”index” (the loop


counter/index) changes from initial value to final value
by a step of increment.
• When you do not specify increment, “1” is used.
• It is desirable to use INTEGER type variable for index,
although REAL type variable is allowed in some compilers.
4
Example (1)
The followings are examples of DO … END DO loop:
Program 1 Program2
program ex3_1 program ex3_1a
implicit none implicit none
integer :: I integer :: i
do i=1, 10 do i=1, 10
write(*,*) i write(*,*) i
end do end do
stop stop
end program ex3_1 end program ex3_1a

Note that “write(*,*) i” is indented to make it easy to


understand the structure in Program 1. We highly recommend this
kind of indentation, although the performance of Program 1 is the
same of that of Program 2. 5
Example (2)
Example of increment Another example
program ex3_2 program ex3_2a
implicit none implicit none
integer :: i integer :: i
do i=1, 10, 2 do i=1, 10, 3
write(*,*) i write(*,*) i
end do end do
stop stop
end program ex3_2 end program ex3_2a

6
Example (3)
You can use variables for initial, final
values, and increment:
program ex3_3
implicit none
integer :: i, istart=1, iend=10, inc=3
do i=istart, iend, inc
write(*,*) i
end do
stop
end program ex3_3
7
Example (4)
The following program tries to This does work:
calculate square roots:
program ex3_4
implicit none
program ex3_4
integer :: i
implicit none
real :: x
integer :: i
do i=1, 10
do i=1, 10
x = i
write(*,*) i, sqrt(i)
write(*,*) i, sqrt(x)
end do
end do
stop
stop
end program ex3_4
end program ex3_4

But it does not work.


The argument for sqrt should
be real type.
8
Execise 3-1
(a) Compile and run the programs given in the examples
(1)-(4).
(b) Modify the program for calculating a travel time to
calculate travel times for a set of numbers of epicentral
distances following the suggestions below:
- Do not change the part for z.
- Use an iterative DO loop to change the value of delta
from 0 to 100 with increment of 5.
- Use the following statement in the body of the iterative
DO loop to output the results:
write(*,*) delta, tp
9
Saving results
• Now we have made a program to print out a
travel time table. As a next step, let’s try to
plot this table.
• To do this job, first we save the travel time
table to a certain file.

10
OPEN statement
The following is an example of OPEN and CLOSE statements:
Program sample_open
implicit none
integer :: i
open (unit=11, file='dat') or open (11, file='dat')
do i=1, 10
write(11,*) i
end do
close(unit=11)
stop
end program sample_open
where
• OPEN statement opens the file ‘dat’, and attaches it to unit 11
(“11” in OPEN statement is called a unit specifier).
• WRITE statement prints out i to unit 11 (i.e., the file ‘dat’)
• CLOSE statement closes the file.
11
Exercise 3-2
• Modify the program to calculate travel
times to save the results to a file “tt.dat”
Hints:
- use OPEN and CLOSE statements
- use the following statement
write(20,*) delta, tp, ts, ts-tp

12
Let’s plot a travel time table
• Now we have obtained the file which
contains the travel time table.
• Let’s plot this table using gnuplot.

13
GNUPLOT
• Gnuplot is a portable command-line driven
interactive data and function plotting utility for
UNIX, Linux, MS Windows family, etc
(http://www.gnuplot.info/).
• Gnuplot is included in software packages of
Cygwin.
• You can start this software by the following
command:
$ gnuplot

14
Plotting travel times
Exercise 3-3
First, we use Gnuplot interactively. Try the
following commands:
Gnuplot> plot ‘tt.dat’
Gnuplot> plot ‘tt.dat’ using 1:3 with lines
Gnuplot> plot ‘tt.dat’ using 1:4
Gnuplot> plot ‘tt.dat’, ‘tt.dat’ using 1:3

15
Gnuplot commands
• Title
ｇnuplot> set title “Travel time”

• Axis
gnuplot> set xlabel “Epicentral distance (km)”
gnuplot> set ylabel “Time (sec)”

• Legend
gnuplot> plot ‘tt.dat’ title “P-wave”
gnuplot> plot ‘tt.dat’ title “P-wave”, ¥
> ‘tt.dat’ using 1:3 title “S-wave”

Automatically displayed, not to necessary to type 16


Making a command file
• It is a tiring job to type the commands in the
previous slides each time.
• Let’s create a file “plotcom” which contains
the following commands:
set title "Travel time"
set xlabel "Epicentral distane (km)"
set ylabel "Time (sec)"
plot 'tt.dat' title "P wave", ¥
'tt.dat' using 1:3 title "S wave"

17
How to use a command file? (1)
• You can “load” a file “plotcom” in the
interactive mode.

Exercise
Try the following command after starting
gnuplot:
Gnuplot> load ‘plotcom’

18
How to use a command file? (2)
• You can use a command file as an argument of gnuplot.

Exercise
Add the following two lines at the beginnig of “plotcom.”
set terminal postscript
set output “tt.ps”
Then, try the following:
$ gnuplot plotcom
$ ls
You will find that the postscript file “tt.ps” is created.

19

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