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    Botany Chapter 1 Notes PDF

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    SUDHIR MISHRA
    This chapter introduces botany as the study of plants. It discusses the main topics that will be covered, including plant life, biochemistry, cell structure, chemical reactions, cell division, plant classification, and the applications of botany. The chapter also describes the scientific method used in botany, which involves making observations, developing hypotheses and predictions, conducting experiments, and developing theories based on experimental evidence. Finally, it discusses the biological classification system used to categorize plants into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

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    Botany Chapter 1 Notes PDF

    Uploaded by

    SUDHIR MISHRA
    3K views2 pages
    This chapter introduces botany as the study of plants. It discusses the main topics that will be covered, including plant life, biochemistry, cell structure, chemical reactions, cell division, plant classification, and the applications of botany. The chapter also describes the scientific method used in botany, which involves making observations, developing hypotheses and predictions, conducting experiments, and developing theories based on experimental evidence. Finally, it discusses the biological classification system used to categorize plants into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

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    This chapter introduces botany as the study of plants. It discusses the main topics that will be covered, including plant life, biochemistry, cell structure, chemical reactions, cell division, plant classification, and the applications of botany. The chapter also describes the scientific method used in botany, which involves making observations, developing hypotheses and predictions, conducting experiments, and developing theories based on experimental evidence. Finally, it discusses the biological classification system used to categorize plants into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views2 pages

    Botany Chapter 1 Notes PDF

    Uploaded by

    SUDHIR MISHRA
    This chapter introduces botany as the study of plants. It discusses the main topics that will be covered, including plant life, biochemistry, cell structure, chemical reactions, cell division, plant classification, and the applications of botany. The chapter also describes the scientific method used in botany, which involves making observations, developing hypotheses and predictions, conducting experiments, and developing theories based on experimental evidence. Finally, it discusses the biological classification system used to categorize plants into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    9/22/2018 Botany Chapter 1 notes

    Botany
    Chapter 1
    This course is a freshman course, that will introduce you to some of the main topics that are
    important in Botany. The course has no prerequisites, and assumes that you have had little, or no,
    previous experience of Biology. Botany is the study of plants.

    The main subject matter in this course is:

    A) Life : the characteristics of living things


    B) Biochemistry : the important biological chemicals, like proteins and sugars
    C) Cell structure : what plant cells contain
    D) Chemical reactions : respiration and photosynthesis
    E) Cell division : including meiosis
    F) Plant ancestors and relatives : bacteria, protists and fungi
    G) The plant kingdom : spore plants, seed plants
    H) The applications of botany: crops, plant breeding and ecology

    Why study Botany?


    Plants are the source of many important products such as:

    Food (including grass for animals)


    Cotton and other fabrics
    Paper
    Wood
    Coal and oil
    Antibiotics and other medicines

    Botany as a Science
    Sciences, such as Biology, Chemistry and Physics, use a series of steps, called the scientific
    method, to try to understand the world around us. Some of the main steps are:

    1. Make an observation (for example: plants in one part of my yard grow faster).
    2. Come up with a hypothesis : an idea that can be tested. (eg. part of the yard gets more
    sunlight)
    3. Make a prediction : a logical consequence of a hypothesis. (if slow growing plants are given
    more sunlight they will grow faster)
    4. Test the prediction by conducting an experiment. Experiments are often designed to disprove
    the hypothesis. It is easy to disprove a hypothesis, but virtually impossible to prove that a
    hypothesis is correct in all possible situations.

    The experimental group differs from the control group usually in one variable eg amount of
    sunlight. Experiments should be repeatable. Sample size : the larger the sample, the more accurate
    the results. It is better to do an experiment with 200 plants than with 2 plants.

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    9/22/2018 Botany Chapter 1 notes

    Theory : a scientific theory has been supported by many experiments eg atomic theory, the theory
    of evolution.

    The main areas of Botany

    Plant anatomy: the structure of plants


    Plant physiology: the function of parts of the plant
    Plant taxonomy: the classification of plants
    Plant ecology: the interactions of plants and other species
    Genetics: the study of inheritance
    Economic botany: the practical uses of plants and plant products.

    Biological Classification
    Organisms are classified (put into groups) using this system devised by the Swedish biologist
    Linnaeus, around 1750.

    The example below is the classification of corn:

    Kingdom Plant
    Phylum ( Phyla ) Magnoliophyta
    Class Monocots (Liliopsida)
    Order Commelinales
    Family Poaceae (grasses)
    Genus ( Genera ) Zea
    Species mays

    The scientific name is the Genus name followed by the species name eg Zea mays.

    Members of the same species can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Members of the same
    genus are similar, but do not interbreed in the wild. Example: wild perennial maize (Zea perennis )
    is in the same genus as corn, but they do not interbreed.

    Last edited March 2016, by David Byres, [email protected]

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