COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILE

MALAYSIA WESTERN PACIFIC REGION HEALTH DATABANK, 2009 Revision

INDICATORS DATA Year Source

Demographics Total Male Female

1 Area (1 000 km2) 330.80 2008 1

2 Estimated population ('000s) 27 728.70 14 114.30 13 614.40 2008 2

3 Annual population growth rate (%) 1.40 … … 2007p 3

4 Percentage of population

- 0–4 years 11.41 … … 2008 2

- 5–14 years 20.60 … … 2008 2

- 65 years and above 4.44 … … 2008 2

5 Urban population (%) 63.50 … … 2008 4

6 Crude birth rate (per 1000 population) 17.50 17.70 17.20 2007p 3

7 Crude death rate (per 1000 population) 4.50 5.10 3.80 2007p 3

8 Rate of natural increase of population (% per annum) 1.30 1.27 1.34 2007p 3

9 Life expectancy (years)

- at birth … 71.70 76.50 2007p 1

- Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) at age 60 … 10.90 12.00 2002 est 5

10 Total fertility rate (women aged 15–49 years) 2.20 2007p 3

Socioeconomic indicators

11 Adult literacy rate (%) 92.30 95.10 89.50 2007 4

12 Per capita GDP at current market prices (US$) 5937.00 2007 1

13 Rate of growth of per capita GDP (%) - at constant price 5.30 2007 1

14 Human development index 0.82 2006 6

Environmental indicators Total Urban Rural

15 Proportion of vehicles using unleaded gasoline (%) … … …

16 Health care waste generation (metric tons per year) … … …

Communicable and noncommunicable diseases Number of new cases Number of deaths

17 Selected communicable diseases Total Male Female Total Male Female

Hepatitis viral

- Type A 36 … … 0 0 0 2008 7

- Type B 886 … … 13 … … 2008 7

- Type C 928 … … 20 … … 2008 7

- Type E … … … … … …

- Unspecified … … … … … …

Cholera 93 … … 2 … … 2008 7
C: 7,8
Dengue/DHF 49 335 … … 112 … … 2008
D: 7
Encephalitis 20 … … 2 … … 2008 7

Gonorrhoea 789 … … 0 0 0 2008 7

Leprosy 218 … … 0 0 0 2008 7

Malaria 7390 … … 30 … … 2008 7

Plague 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 7

Syphilis 877 … … 1 … … 2008 7

Typhoid fever 201 … … 3 … … 2008 7

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INDICATORS DATA Year Source

Communicable and noncommunicable diseases Number of new cases Number of deaths

Total Male Female Total Male Female

18 Acute respiratory infections (J00-J22) 81 146 44 010 37 136 3241 1894 1347 2007 9

19 Diarrhoeal diseases … … … … … …

20 Tuberculosis

- All forms 16 129 e

… … … … … 2007 8

- New pulmonary tuberculosis (smear-positive) 9578 e

… … … … … 2007 8

21 Cancers

All cancers (malignant neoplasms only) 63 447 29 685 33 762 4862 2623 2239 2007 9

- Breast 8273 104 8169 508 10 498 2007 9

- Colon and rectum 9533 5417 4116 461 278 183 2007 9

- Cervix 3069 141 2007 9

- Oesophagus 837 538 299 84 56 28 2007 9

- Leukaemia 6147 3412 2735 304 158 146 2007 9

- Lip, oral cavity and pharynx 4382 3113 1269 276 190 86 2007 9

- Liver 1846 1333 513 325 240 85 2007 9

- Stomach 1526 967 559 175 115 108 2007 9

- Trachea, bronchus, and lung 5871 4192 1679 910 664 246 2007 9

22 Circulatory

All circulatory system diseases 139 528 79 737 59 791 11 014 6504 4510 2007 9

- Acute myocardial infarction 11 423 8541 2882 1885 1228 657 2007 9

- Cerebrovascular diseases 20 835 11 985 8850 3664 2073 1591 2007 9

- Hypertension 34 178 15 180 18 998 202 112 90 2007 9

- Ischaemic heart disease 45 175 30 556 14 619 4286 2654 1632 2007 9

- Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases 3311 1736 1575 101 46 55 2007 9

23 Diabetes mellitus 42 324 19 522 22 802 439 217 222 2007 9

24 Mental disorders 27 384 18 007 9377 6 4 2 2007 9

25 Injuries

All types 192 264 135 561 56 703 2479 1964 515 2007 9

- Homicide and violence 6240 4145 2095 47 40 7 2007 9

- Motor and other vehicular accidents 84 504 64 846 19 658 1584 1311 273 2007 9

- Occupational injuries … … … … … …

- Suicide 3061 1135 1926 89 62 27 2007 9

Leading causes of mortality and morbidity Number of cases Rate per 100 000 population

26 Leading causes of morbidity (inpatient care) Total Male Female Total Male Female

1. Normal delivery (single spontaneous delivery) 284 261 b

2130.80 b
2007 9

2. Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium 241 942 b

1813.58 b
2007 9

3. Accidents (accidental injury) 172 494 b

124 538 b
47 956 b
634.79 b
900.30 b
359.47 b
2007 9

4. Diseases of the respiratory system 145 025 b

81 104 b
63 921 b
533.70 b
586.31 b
479.15 b
2007 9

5. Diseases of the circulatory system 139 528 b

79 737 b
59 791 b
513.47 b
576.43 b
448.19 b
2007 9

6. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 131 977 b

70 715 b
61 262 b
485.68 b
511.21 b
459.21 b
2007 9

7. Diseases of the digestive system 104 138 b

60 676 b
43 462 b
383.23 b
438.63 b
325.79 b
2007 9

8. Diseases of the urinary system 69 970 b

34 837 b
35 133 b
257.49 b
251.84 b
263.35 b
2007 9

9. Ill-defined conditions (symptoms and signs) 64 049 b

34 009 b
30 040 b
235.70 b
245.85 b
225.18 b
2007 9

10. Malignant neoplasms 63 447 b

29 685 b
33 762 b
233.49 b
214.60 b
253.08 b
2007 9
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INDICATORS DATA Year Source

Number of deaths Rate per 100 000 population

27 Leading causes of mortality Total Male Female Total Male Female

1.Heart diseases and diseases of pulmonary circulation 7104 c

4270 c
2834 c
26.14 d
30.87 d
21.24 d
2007 9

2. Septicaemia 5764 c
3238 c
2526 c
21.21 d
23.41 d
18.93 d
2007 9

3. Malignant neoplasms 4862 c

2623 c
2239 c
17.89 d
18.96 d
16.78 d
2007 9

4. Cerebrovascular diseases 3664 c

2073 c
1591 c
13.48 d
14.99 d
11.93 d
2007 9

5. Pneumonia 3203 c
1872 c
1331 c
11.79 d
13.53 d
9.98 d
2007 9

6. Accident 2240 c
1791 c
449 c
8.24 d
12.95 d
3.37 d
2007 9

7. Diseases of the digestive system 2096 c

1390 c
706 c
7.71 d
10.05 d
5.29 d
2007 9

8. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 1771 c

956 c
815 c
6.52 d
6.91 d
6.11 d
2007 9

9. Nephritis, ephritic syndrome and nephrosis 1763 c

990 c
773 c
6.49 d
7.16 d
5.79 d
2007 9

10. Ill defined conditions 1099 c

663 c
436 c
4.04 d
4.79 d
3.27 d
2007 9

Maternal, child and infant diseases Total Male Female

28 Percentage of women in the reproductive age group using modern 1.36 2007 15
contraceptive methods
29 90.00 2006 8
Percentage of pregnant women immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT2)

30 Percentage of pregnant women with anaemia 26.90 2007p 10

31 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 3.90 … … 2007p 11

32 Percentage of newborn infants weighing at least 2500 g at birth 89.50 … … 2007p 11

33 Immunization coverage for infants (%)

- BCG 95.00 … … 2006 8

- DTP3 90.00 … … 2006 8

- POL3 90.00 … … 2006 8

- Hepatitis B III 90.00 … … 2006 8

Number of cases Number of deaths

34 Maternal causes Total Male Female Total Male Female

- Abortion 36 065 12 2007 9

- Eclampsia 450 6 2007 9

- Haemorrhage 7846 1 2007 9

- Obstructed labour 1914 1 2007 9

- Sepsis 142 0 2007 9

35 Selected diseases under the WHO-EPI

- Congenital rubella syndrome … … … … … …

- Diphtheria 4 … … 1 0 0 2008 7

- Hib meningitis … … … … … …

- Measles 334 … … 2 0 0 2008 7

- Mumps … … … … … …

- Neonatal tetanus 13 … … 0 0 0 2008 7

- Pertussis (whooping cough) 11 … … 0 0 0 2008 7

- Poliomyelitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 7

- Rubella … … … … … …

- Total Tetanus 29 … … 1 … … 2008 7

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INDICATORS DATA Year Source

Health facilities Number Number of beds

36 Facilities with HIV testing and counseling services 1095 2008 8

37 Health infrastructure

Public health facilities - General hospitals 14 13 290 2007 12

- Specialized hospitals 6 18 145 2007 12

- District/first-level referral hospitals 116 5 058 2007 12

- Primary health care centres 2848 0 2007 12

Private health facilities - Hospitals 195 11 291 2007 12

- Outpatient clinics 5950 0 2007 12

Health care financing

38 Total health expenditure

- amount (in million US$) 8159.01 2007p 13

- total expenditure on health as % of GDP 4.40 2007p 13

- per capita total expenditure on health (in US$) 307.05 d

2007p 13

Government expenditure on health

- amount (in million US$) 3621.22 2007p 13

- general government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure 44.40 2007p 13

on health
- general government expenditure on health as % of total general 6.90 2007p 13
government expenditure

External source of government health expenditure

- external resources for health as % of general government expenditure …

on health

Private health expenditure

- private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health 55.60 2007p 13

Exchange rate in US$ of local currency is: 1 US$ = 3.44 2007p 13

39 Health insurance coverage as % of total population …

INDICATOR DATA Year Source

40 Human resources for health
Female

Private
Urban

Public
Rural
Total

Male

Physicians - Number 25 102 … … … … 15 096 10006 2008 12

- Ratio per 1000 population 0.91 … … … … 0.54 0.36 2008 12

Dentists - Number 3640 … … … … 1922 1718 2008 12

- Ratio per 1000 population 0.13 … … … … 0.07 0.06 2008 12

Pharmacists - Number 4571 a

… … … … 1250 3321 2007 11

- Ratio per 1000 population 0.16 a

… … … … 0.05 0.12 2007 11

Nurses - Number 54 208 0 54 208 … … 38 575 15 633 2008 12

- Ratio per 1000 population 1.95 0.00 1.95 … … 1.39 0.56 2008 12

Midwives - Number 18 639 0 18 639 … … 18 139 500 2008 12

- Ratio per 1000 population 0.67 0.00 0.67 … … 0.65 0.02 2008 12

Paramedical staff - Number 7948 … … … … 7411 537 2007 11

 - Ratio per 1000 population 0.29 … … … … 0.27 0.02 2007 11

Community health workers - Number … … … … … … …

- Ratio per 1000 population … … … … … … …

41 Annual number of Physicians … … … … … … …
graduates
Dentists … … … … … … …

Pharmacists … … … … … … …

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INDICATORS DATA Year Source

Female

Private
Urban

Public
Rural
Total

Male
41 Annual number of Nurses … … … … … … …
graduates
Midwives … … … … … … …

Paramedical staff … … … … … … …

Community health workers … … … … … … …

42 Workforce losses/ Attrition Physicians … … … … … … …

Dentists … … … … … … …

Pharmacists … … … … … … …

Nurses … … … … … … …

Midwives … … … … … … …

Paramedical staff … … … … … … …

Community health workers … … … … … … …

INDICATORS DATA Year Source

Health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Total Male Female

43 Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age 7.70 a

… … 2006 10

44 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 6.30 6.70 5.90 2007p 3

45 Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 8.10 8.70 7.50 2007p 3

46 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles 90.00 … … 2006 8

47 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 30.00 2007p 3

48 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel 98.58 2007 10

- Percentage of deliveries at home by skilled health personnel (as % of 0.71 2007 10
total deliveries)
- Percentage of deliveries in health facilities (as % of total deliveries) 97.87 2007 10

49 Contraceptive prevalence rate 1.36 … … 2007 15

50 Adolescent birth rate …

51 Antenatal care coverage - At least one visit 91.90 2007 10

- At least four visits …

52 Unmet need for family planning … … …

53 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years 0.10 … … 2006-07 8

54 Estimated HIV prevalence in adults 0.30 … … 2007 8

55 Percentage of people with advanced HIV infection receiving ART 35.00 … …. 2007 8

56 Malaria incidence rate per 100 000 population 26.70 … … 2008 7

57 Malaria death rate per 100 000 population 0.10 … … 2008 7

58 Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria … … …
prevention measures
59 Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria … … …
treatment measures

60 Tuberculosis prevalence rate per 100 000 population 121.00 … … 2007 8

 61 Tuberculosis death rate per 100 000 population 18.00 … … 2007 8
62 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected under directly observed 80.00 … … 2007 8
treatment short-course (DOTS)
63 Proportion of tuberculosis cases cured under directly observed 46.00 … … 2006 8
treatment short-course (DOTS)

Total Urban Rural

64 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source 99.00 100.00 96.00 2006 14

65 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility 94.00 95.00 93.00 2006 14
66 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a … … …
sustainable basis

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Notes:
… Data not available
p Provisional
est Estimate
NR Not relevant
a Revised data
b Figure refers to leading causes of hospitalization in Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals
c Figure refers to leading causes of mortality in Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals
d Computed by Health Information and Evidence for Policy Unit of the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
e Figure based on the notified TB cases (New and Relapse number, smear positive number), DOTS and non-DOTS combined, in Global Tuberculosis Control 2009, WHO
Sources:
1 Statistics Handbook, Malaysia 2008, Department of Statistics.
2 Social Statistics Bulletin,Malayisa 2007, Department of Statistics.
3 Vital Statistics Malaysia 2007, Department of Statistics.
4 Department of Statistics, Malaysia [http://www.statistics.gov.my].
5 The world health report 2004: changing history. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
6 Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world. United Nations Development Programme, New York USA 2007.
[http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2007-2008/].
7 Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
8 WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, data received from the technical units.
9 HIMS Subsystem Report, Medical Care, Health Informatics Centre (HIC), Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
10 HIMS Subystem Report, Family Health, Health Informatics Centre (HIC), Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
11 Health Facts 2007, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
12 Health Facts 2008 (draft), Health Informatics Centre, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
13 National health accounts: country information. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available from: [http://www.who.int/nha/country/en/index.html].
14 World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation:
Special focus on Sanitation. UNICEF, New York and WHO, Geneva, 2008. [http://www.wssinfo.org/en/40_mdg2008.html].
15 HIMS Subystem Report, Family Planning, Health Informatics Centre (HIC), Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
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