SL Time Specific Content AV Teachers’s Group Evaluation

No. Objective aids activity Activit

y

1 5 mts To introduce INTRODUCTION Teacher Group

the topic Prevention of disease is one of the most important goals in child introduces Listens
care. During infancy and childhood preventive measures against the lesson
certain infectious diseases are available. Immunization
recommendations change because of advances in the field of
immunology. In the United states the recommended age for
beginning primary immunizations of infants is within 2 weeks of
birth or, in special circumstances, at birth

DEFINITION Define
5mts To define Immunization is a form of preventive medicine. Its aim is to immunizati
2.
the topic protect individuals and communities from infectious diseases. Flash Teacher Group on?
Immunization operates like an early warning system. It prepares cards defines the Listens
the body to fight against infection. topic.
Immunization is a way of protecting the human body against
infectious diseases through vaccination. Immunization prepares
the body to fight against diseases in case we come into contact
with them in the future.
3. 5 mts To describe HOW DOES IMMUNIZATION WORK Teacher Group How does
how the Immunization operates on the premise that once you describes listens immunizati
immunizatio have had a disease, you are likely to contract it again. Through how the and on?
n work injections, oral drops or scratches on the skin, the body is immunizati write
exposed to wakened or dead disease producing microorganisms on works. down
or to the toxins they produce. This will cause the individual to the
develop the same antibodies and antitoxins that would have been notes.
developed if the person had actually contracted the disease, in
order to fight the disease.Once the body has been exposed to an
infection, the immune system will recognize if the disease were
to recur and produce antibodies or antitoxins to destroy the
infection. The body has to be exposed to infection once for the
immune system to recognize it. This is done through
immunization.
Flash Describe
TYPES OF IMMUNIZATION cards the types of
4. 5mts To describe immunizati
the types of Active immunization on?
immunizatio It consist of including the body develop the defense against, Group
n by vaccines or toxoid that stimulate the immune system to listens
produce antibodies and cellular immune response.

Passive Immunization
It consists of providing temporary protection through the
administration of exogenously produced antibodies either from
human or animal source. Passive immunization is term
experience useful only when exposure to infection has just occur
or immit with in few days. Passive immunity is temporary
 lasting weeks to months.

Combined active and passive immunization

In some disease passive immunization is often under taken in
connection with inactivated vaccine products, to provide both
immediate passive immunity and slowly developing active
immunity. If the infection is given separate site, the immune
response to the active agent may or may not impair by
immunoglobin. But according to current recommendation
immunoglobin should not give within 3 weeks or until 2 weeks
after administration of live attenuated vaccine.

Chemoprophylaxis
It implies the protection from or prevention of disease. This
may be achieved by casual prophylaxis or by clinical
prophylaxis. Casual prophylaxis implies the complete prevention
of infection by the early elimination of the invading casual
agent. Clinical prophylaxis implies the prevention of clinical Explain
symptoms; it does not necessarily mean elimination of infection. about te
vaccine
VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE preventable
disease?
5. 5mts To explain DPT Teacher
about the  Diphtheria explains
vaccine It is an acute infectious disease of childhood caused about the Group
preventable by bacteria. It usually manifests with sore throat and quickly vaccine listens
disease. progress to fever, headache and loss of appetite. It can damage preventable and
the heart, the nervous system and in severe case it will cause the disease. contrib
death of the persons. Though the incidence of diphtheria has utes.
greatly reduced but it has not yet completely wiped out.

 Pertussis
Also associated with whooping cough is a highly
contagious disease of the respiratory tract .It starts with features
of a common cold but quickly progresses to a severe exhausting
cough. The cough comes in prolonged bouts during which the
child appears unable to breath and looks anxious. It lasts for
upto6-8 weeks and leaves the child extremely weak
malnourished because of vomiting associated with cough and the
disinclination to eat because of the fear of precipitating back of
cough.

 Tetanus
The gems of tetanus are found in the soil. They can
enter the body through a cut, a bruise or a prick of thorn. The
toxim of tetanus acts on the nervous system which then affects
the muscle causing severe stiffness of spasms. It is a very painful
or distressing illness which if not treated promptly lead to death.
It starts with stiffness of the neck or spasm of the jaw and then
rapidly progresses to breathing difficulty and severe painful
spasms of the limbs or the back etc.
 Polio
Polio is a disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous
system and cause permanent muscle paralysis or weakness. Polio
vaccine is given at the age of 1 ½ , 2 ½ and 3 ½ months, usually
along with the DPT vaccine. Booster doses are given at the age
of 18months.Additionally for the last few years the government
of India has been running the Pulse Polio Programme, and
children under the age of 5 years are given Polio drops twice a
year in addition to their vaccination schedule.
BCG
The vaccine can be administered right after the birth and if
not taken, it can be taken as early as possible with other
vaccines.

Measles
It is a disease of the respiratory tract which begins with
fever, cough, running nose and watery eye. The rash of measles
is the characteristics of the disease, starting from the neck and
quickly spreading to the trunk and limbs. The complications
occur in a fair percentage of children who feel it. These include
chest infections, fits, brain damage etc.

REASONS FOR NOT IMMUNISING THE CHILD Teacher list Group What are
6. 5mts To list down  The child with high fever. downs the listens the reasons
the reason  If he had a bad reaction to another immunization. reason for for not
for not  If had a convulsions in the past.(With the right advice not immunizin
immunizing children who have had fits in the past can be immunized) immunizing g the child?
the child.  If he had or having treatment for cancer. the child.
  If he had any illness which affects the immune
system.(Eg:-HIV or AIDS)
 He is taking any medicine which affects the immune
system, for immunosuppressant or high-dose steroids.
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
7. 10mts To illustrate Primary Vaccination Teacher Group Illustrate
the national illustrates contrib the national
immunizatio Vaccine Birth 6 10 weeks 14 9-12 the national utes immunizati
n schedule. weeks week months immunizati on
BCG  on schedule. schedule?
Oral Polio    
DPT   
Hepatitis B   
Measles 
Booster Doses
. DPT + Oral Polio 16 to 24 months
DT 5 years
Tetanus Toxoid(TT) At 10 years and again at 16 years
Vitamin A 9,18,24,30and 36 months.

Pregnant Women

TetanusToxoid(PW):1st dose As early as possible

during pregnancy(first
contact)
.
2nd Dose 1 month after 1st dose
 Booster If previously vaccinated
within 3 years

IDEAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR INFANTS

At 1 ½ months BCG injection,DPT-
1(injection),OPV-1 dose
At 2 ½ months DPT-2(injection),and OPV
nd
2 dose
At 3 ½ months DPT-3(injection) and OPV
3rd dose
At 9 months Measles Injection
16 to 24 months DPT Booster injection and
OPV Booster dose

SIDE EFFECTS OF VACCINATION

SIDE EFFECTS OF DPT VACCINE:-

Mild Problems (Common)

8. 10mts To mention Teacher Group
the side  Fever (up to about 1 child in 4) mentions listens
effects of  Redness or swelling where the shot was given (up to the side and
immunizatio about 1 child in 4) effects of contrib
n immunizati utes
Soreness or tenderness where the shot was given (up to about 1 on.
child in 4)

These problems occur more often after the 4th and 5th doses of
the DTaP series than after earlier doses.

Sometimes the 4th or 5th dose of DTaP vaccine is followed by

swelling of the entire arm or leg in which the shot was given, for
1 to 7 days (up to about 1 child in 30).

Other mild problems include:

 Fussiness (up to about 1 child in 3)

 Tiredness or poor appetite (up to about 1 child in 10)
 Vomiting (up to about 1 child in 50)

These problems generally occur 1 to 3 days after the shot.

Moderate Problems (Uncommon)

 Seizure (jerking or staring) (about 1 child out of 14,000)

 Non-stop crying, for 3 hours or more (up to about 1 child
out of 1,000)
 High fever, 105 degrees Fahrenheit or higher (about 1
child out of 16,000)

Severe Problems (Very Rare)

Serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million doses)
Several other severe problems have been reported after DTaP
vaccine. These include:

 Long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness

 Permanent brain damage.

SIDE EFFECTS OF HEPATITIS B VACCINE

Hepatitis B is a very safe vaccine. Most people do not have any

problems with it.
Mild problems

 Soreness where the shot was given (up to about 1 person

4)
 Temperature of 99.9°F or higher (up to about 1
person in 15).

Severe problems are extremely rare. Severe allergic reactions

are believed to occur about once in 1.1 million doses.

SIDE EFFECTS OF Hib VACCINE

Most people who get Hib vaccine do not have any problems with
it.

Mild Problems

 Redness, warmth, or swelling where the shot was given

(up to 1 out of 4 children)
 Fever over 101 degrees Fahrenheit (up to 1 out of 20
children)

If these problems happen, they usually start within a day of

vaccination. They may last 2 to 3 days.

SIDE EFFECTS OF MMR

Mild Problems

 Fever (up to 1 person out of 6)

 Mild rash (about 1 person out of 20)
  Swelling of glands in the cheeks or neck (rare)
If these problems occur, it is usually within 7-12 days
after the shot. They occur less often after the second
dose.

Moderate Problems

 Seizure (jerking or staring) caused by fever (about 1 out

of 3,000 doses)
 Temporary pain and stiffness in the joints, mostly in
teenage or adult women (up to 1 out of 4)
 Temporary low platelet count, which can cause a
bleeding disorder (about 1 out of 30,000 doses)

Severe Problems (Very Rare)

 Serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million

doses)
 Several other severe problems have been known to occur
after a child gets MMR vaccine. But this happens so
rarely, experts cannot be sure whether they are caused by
the vaccine or not. These include:
o Deafness
o Long-term seizures, coma, or lowered
consciousness
o Permanent brain damage

Polio vaccine side-effects

Some people who get Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) get a sore
spot where the shot was given. The vaccine used today has never
been known to cause any serious problems, and most people
don’t have any problems at all with it.
NAME OF THE STUDENT TEACHER : REENU VARGHESE

TOPIC : IMMUNIZATION

DURATION : 1 HOUR

VENUE : The oxford medical college and hospital (postnatal ward)

A V AIDS : FLASH CARDS

LANGUAGE : KANNADA

METHOD OF TEACHING : TEACHING CUM DISCUSSION

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

At the end of health education the group should be able to explore various aspects of immunization.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:

At the end of health education group will be able to

 Define immunization
 Describe the types of immunization
 Explain about the vaccine preventable disease
 List down the reason for not immunizing the child
 Illustrate the national immunization schedule
 Mention the side effects
SUMMARY

Immunization is the act of creating immunity by artificial means. And immunization schedule is a standard schedule for
immunization against infectious disease. Although many of the immunizations can be given to the individuals of any age , the
recommended primary schedule begins during the infancy and, with the exception of boosters, is completed during the early
childhood. Children who began primary immunizations at the recommended age but fail to receive all of the doses do not need to
begin the series again but instead receive only the missed doses.

CONCLUSION
One of the most dramatic advances in pediatrics has been the decline of infectious diseases during the twentieth century because of
the widespread use of immunization for preventable diseases. Children born prematurely should receive the full dose of each vaccine
at the appropriate chronologic age

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Wong’s. ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING.7TH Edition. Elsevier Publications. 2005.

 Marlow’s. A TEXT BOOK OF PEDIATRIC NURSING. 6TH Edition. Elsevier publications.LTD. 2005. Page No: 593-596.

 B T Basavanthappa. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING. 5TH Edition. Reprint 2005. Jaypee Publishers. Page No: 300-366

 Klossner and Hatfield. INTRODUCTORY MATERNITY AND PEDIATRIC NURSING. Lippincott Williams $ Wilkins
Publiccations.2006.Page No: 358-360; 583-584.

 www.wikipedia.com

 www.thebirthclinic.co.uk