German For Beginners
German For Beginners
German For Beginners
German
for beginners
in 7 lessons
Study course
2012
Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Thank you for choosing and joining our on-line German course.
The course consists of 7 lessons. Due to these 7 lessons you will understand that German can be
a very simple language to learn if the study is organized the right way. You haven’t to invest years into
studying German in language courses or at universities. You can do it here – quickly and efficiently. You
should know that the efficiency of any study depends generally on the teacher skills to 80% and on the
willingness of the student only to 20%. Our site is dedicated to introduction of teaching methodology we have
developed. You wouldn’t believe it’s possible to learn any language in such a short period of time? Try out
and get surprised!
The course is composed to explain 70% of German grammar, using words, phrases and idioms you
will need for your everyday’s communication.
One condition: to avoid the failure that your study becomes one another light-minded attempt to
learn something new, you should use both audio-lessons and your workbook as well as do all exercises
given after each lesson. Taking a new lesson, you should download the audio-lesson first and only
afterwards you can start learning with your workbook. Otherwise, you risk learning pronunciation of sounds,
words and phrases incorrectly, and thus, you won’t be able to speak and to be understood by your
communication partner. In audio-lessons some aspects are considered which might not be considered in the
text-version of the course. One lesson will take you about 30 minutes of your time. The total course
duration amounts to 3.5 hours.
We guarantee you that after this course you will have the most important knowledge of German
enough for basic communication. You’ll be able to chat with your German friends in Skype, read German
books (certainly, consulting a dictionary), understand YouTube-clips in German and use German web-sites.
Furthermore, you’ll be one who knows a foreign language more.
If you are not ready to spend 3.5 hours or 3 weeks of your life for this course, don’t ever
intend to start it!
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Contents
Lesson 1. Pronounces and verbs. Numerals........................................................................................ 4
Exercise 1.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exercise 2.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exercise 3. Verb sein (to be)............................................................................................................. 7
Lesson 2. Questions. ............................................................................................................................ 9
Exercise 1. Ask questions. .............................................................................................................. 10
Exercise 2........................................................................................................................................ 10
Exercise 3........................................................................................................................................ 10
Exercise 4........................................................................................................................................ 12
Exercise 5. Ask questions to marked words. .................................................................................. 13
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 14
Lesson 3. Modal verbs........................................................................................................................ 15
Exercise 1. Put verbs into correct form. .......................................................................................... 18
Exercise 2........................................................................................................................................ 19
Exercise 3. Put appropriate modal verbs into blank spaces. .......................................................... 20
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 21
Lesson 4. Subordinate clause. ........................................................................................................... 22
Exercise 1. Weil or Damit?.............................................................................................................. 24
Exercise 2. Weil or Damit?.............................................................................................................. 24
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 26
Lesson 5. Akkusativ. ........................................................................................................................... 27
Exercise 1. Verb haben (to have).................................................................................................... 29
Exercise 2. Put articles to marked words (Nominativ or Akkusativ)................................................ 30
Exercise 3. Put into correct form. .................................................................................................... 30
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 31
Lesson 6. Dativ. .................................................................................................................................. 32
Exercise 1. Put words in brackets into correct case (Nominativ, Akkusativ or Dativ)..................... 33
Exercise 2. Position or direction? Wo or Wohin?............................................................................ 34
Lesson 7. Past Tense. ........................................................................................................................ 35
Exercise 1. Write sentences using the Past Tense – Perfekt. ........................................................ 36
Exercise 2. Write sentences using the Past Tense – Perfekt. ........................................................ 37
Additional information...................................................................................................................... 38
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Pronouns
ichI
duyou (to your friend, relative or fellow)
er
he
sieshe
esIt
wirwe
ihr
you (to your friends, relatives or fellows,
e.g. Hey, you two!)
Sie you (to your boss(es), unacquainted or
much elder person(s); polite speech);
sie they
“Iron” rule of German: All German verbs always consist of stem plus ending -en or just -n:
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
To put a verb into correct form, e.g. the verb «to live» – wohnen, and to say correctly: «he
lives», and not just: «he live», you should take away the -en-ending and add the correct
ending to the stem, depending on the pronoun you want to combine the verb with:
Ich wohn+e – I live
Du wohn+st – You live (ONE person: friend, relative or fellow)
Er, sie, es wohn+t – He, she, it lives
Wir wohn+en – We live
Ihr wohn+t – You live (MULTIPLE persons: friends, relatives or fellows)
Sie, sie wohn+en – You live (polite speech to ONE/MULTIPLE person(s): boss(es),
unacquainted or much elder person(s)), they live
Wohnen
Ich wohn+e
Du wohn+st
Er, sie, es wohn+t
Wir wohn+en
Ihr wohn+t
Sie, sie wohn+en
Let’s consider the often used verb «to think» – denken:
Ich denk+e – I think
Du denk+st – You think
Er, sie, es denk+t – He, she, it thinks
Wir denk+en – We think
Ihr denk+t – You think
Sie, sie denk+en – You, they think
Verb heißen – to have name, to be named, to be called (the letter ß is read like
«s»). Without this verb you’ll be able neither to introduce yourself nor to ask somebody
about his name or the name of any object or action (How is it called if I make signs with a
pen in my notebook? It’s called «to write». – Wie heißt es, wenn ich in meinem Helf
Zeichen mit einem Kugelschreiber mache? Das (Es) heißt «schreiben».) So, as you see,
it’s a rather important verb.
This verb is conjugated NOT according to the general rule, but for now, it would be
enough if you just keep in your mind its conjugation.
Ich heiße – My name is
Du heißt – Your name is
Er,sie,es heißt – His, her, its name is
Wir heißen – Our names are
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
You have certainly noticed that some words start whit a capital-letter.
“Iron” rule of German: all nouns start with capital-letters.
Now, let’s try to tell about your age. We’ll focus upon the most used numerals.
Now, we’ll combine numerals with the very important German verb sein – «to be».
This verb is conjugated in spite of the general declination rule (as the English verb
“to be” is), so you just have to keep it in mind:
sein
Ich bin
Du bist
Er, sie, es ist
Wir sind
Ihr seid
Sie, sie sind
Using the verb sein, you can tell about your age:
Ich bin sechsundzwanzig (26) Jahre alt – I am twenty six years old.
Er ist vierzig (40) Jahre alt. – He is forty years old.
Du bist zwanzig (20) Jahre alt. – You are twenty years old.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us it’s rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail ([email protected]).
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
In the last lesson you learned how to tell about yourself and your friends.
Now it’s time to learn asking questions and getting information you need
from your communication partner.
Well, it is very simple:
1. If you have NO interrogative word (how, where, when, why, who etc.), the verb
moves from the second place (remember the “iron” rule?) upon the first one.
2. If you have ANY interrogative word, it is placed first, and the verb remains its
second place according to the “iron” rule.
Example:
You work at school. – Du arbeitest in der Schule.
1. Arbeitest du in der Schule? – Do you work at school?
2. Wo arbeitest du? – Where do you work?
We are going to the park – Wir gehen in den Park.
1. Gehen wir in den Park? – Are we going to the park?
2. Wohin gehen wir? – Where are we going?
His name is Martin – Er heißt Martin.
1. Heißt er Martin? – Is his name Martin?
2. Wie heißt er? – What is his name?
Caught any analogy? (Is it a table? What is it? – Ist das ein Tisch? Was ist das?)
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 2.
Paul fragt Steve:
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 3.
Using interrogative words Wie? Wer? Was? Wo? Wie alt? Wie viel? Wohin?,
make up an interview with Tim.
1. Hallo, Ich frage etwas, OK? (etwas – something)
Ja, natürlich. (sure)
2. heißt du?
Ich heiße Tim.
3. bist du?
Ich bin fünfzehn.
6. Und tut deine Mutter? (tun – to do, deine Mutter – your mother)
Sie ist Lehrerin. (die Lehrerin – teacher (she))
7. arbeitet sie?
Sie arbeitet in der Schule. (die Schule – school)
8. Kinder haben deine Eltern? (die Kinder – children, deine Eltern – your
parents)
Sie haben drei Kinder, ich bin der älteste. (haben – to have, der älterste – the
eldest (one))
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
13. Vielen Dank für das Interview, Tim. (Thank you very much for the interview, Tim)
Gern geschehen. (My pleasure)
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Exercise 4.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Frage 5: Ihr ruft laut. (You call loudly, rufen – to call, laut – loudly, loud)
Wo ruft ihr? Was ruft ihr? Wie ruft ihr?
Frage 6: Ich lache jeden Tag. (lachen – to laugh, jeden Tag – every day)
Wo lachst du? Wann lachst du? Wie lachst du?
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us it’s rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail ([email protected]).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 14
Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
“Iron” rule of German: German verbs have only two places in a sentence: the
second one and the last one.
The verb on the second place is always in a conjugated form. The verb in the very
end of the sentence is either in the infinitive form or in any tense-appropriate form.
Well, in “German” English variant it would look like this:
I can you on Friday call.
I must everything prepare.
They can it later do.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Verbs:
1. können – can, to be able
Sie kann deutsch sprechen – She can speak German.
Er kann nicht kommen – He cannot come.
Ich kann morgen anrufen – I can call tomorrow. (anrufen – to call, to phone)
können
Ich kann
Du kannst
Er, sie, es kann
Wir können
Ihr könnt
Sie, sie können
2. müssen/sollen – must/should
Ich muss nach Hause gehen – I must go home. (nach Hause – home (direction))
Du musst deiner Mutter helfen – You should help your mother. (deiner Mutter –
your mother, helfen – to help)
Wir müssen bis morgen warten – We must wait till tomorrow. (bis morgen – till
tomorrow, warten – to wait)
müssen/sollen
Ich muss soll
Du musst sollst
Er, sie, es muss soll
Wir müssen sollen
Ihr müsst sollt
Sie, sie müssen sollen
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
4. dürfen – may
Darf ich fragen? – May I ask? (fragen – to ask)
Darf ich reinkommen? – May I come in? (reinkommen – to come in)
dürfen
Ich darf
Du darfst
Er, sie, es darf
Wir dürfen
Ihr dürft
Sie, sie dürfen
5. mögen – to like
Ich mag Eis. – I like ice-cream. (das Eis – ice-cream)
Er mag nicht arbeiten. – He does not like working.
mögen
Ich mag
Du magst
Er, sie, es mag
Wir mögen
Ihr mögt
Sie, sie mögen
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
1. (können) Ich schon gut schwimmen. (schon – already, gut – good, well,
schwimmen – to swim)
2. (müssen) David morgens sehr früh aufstehen. (morgens – every
morning, sehr früh – very early, aufstehen – to get up)
3. (wollen) Du immer neben mir sitzen! (immer – always, neben mir – next
to me, sitzen – to sit)
4. (dürfen) Seine Kinder nie etwas sagen. (seine Kinder – his children, nie –
never, etwas – somethimg, sagen – to say)
5. (sollen) Du mehr studieren! (mehr – more)
6. (wissen) Peter die Antwort nicht. (die Antwort – answer)
7. (mögen) Im Sommer ich gern ein Eis. (im Sommer – in summer, gern –
gladly)
8. (können) Meine Eltern heute nicht kommen. (meine Eltern – my parents,
heute – today)
9. (wollen) Ich springen. (springen – to jump)
10. (müssen) Wann du aufstehen?
11. (dürfen) Hallo, ich etwas fragen? (etwas – something)
12. (wissen) Heinz und Rainer nicht wo sie sind.
13. (mögen) Die Schüler ihre Deutschlehrerin. (die Schüler – pupil, ihre
Deutschlehrerin – their German teacher (she))
14. (sollen) Margot, du schweigen! (schweigen – to keep quiet)
15. (wollen) Wir um neun Uhr anfangen. (um neun Uhr – at 9 o’clock,
anfangen – to start)
16. (dürfen) In der Schule du nicht zu viel reden. (zu viel – too much, reden –
to talk)
17. (wissen) Ihr immer die richtige Antwort. (immer – always, richtig – right,
correct, die Antwort – answer)
18. (sollen) Morgen ihr zu Doktor Müller kommen. (morgen – tomorrow)
19. (können) Er am Montag telefonieren. (am Montag – on Monday)
20. (wissen) Ich , dass alles richtig ist! (alles – everything, all, richtig – right,
correct)
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Exercise 2.
2. Ich das gern für dich tun. (für dich – for you, tun – to do)
will wollen willst
5. Es ist schon spät, ich gehen. (es ist schon spät – it’s late already, spät –
late)
müss muss müssen
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Let’s remember how our “German” English variant of modal verbs’ usage looks like:
I can you on Friday call. – Ich kann dich am Freitag anrufen.
I should everything prepare. – Ich soll alles vorbereiten.
They can it later do. – Sie können später das machen.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us it’s rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail ([email protected]).
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
According to German grammar rules, the verb always remains on the second place
in the declarative sentence:
I learn German. – Ich lerne Deutsch.
I am going to Germany. – Ich fahre nach Deutschland.
In the main sentence we follow the above mentioned “iron” rule: Ich lerne Deutsch.
In the subordinate clause you should place the verb in the very end of the
sentence, NOT on the second place! Ich nach Deutschland fahre.
Then, we link these two parts with the conjunction weil – because – and build up a
correct German sentence (complex sentence).
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
I learn German because I’m going to Germany. – Ich lerne Deutsch, weil Ich nach
Deutschland fahre.
You remain home because you does not speak German well yet. – Sie bleiben zu
Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen. (bleiben – to remain, noch nicht – not
yet)
Unfortunately, I am not coming because I am driving my sister to the railway-
station. – Leider komme ich nicht, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahre. (leider –
unfortunately, meine Schwester – my sister, der Bahnhof – railway-station, fahren – to
drive, to go (by any vehicle))
What should we do if there are two verbs in the dependant part (subordinate
clause)? If we have two verbs in the subordinate clause (it’s called compound predicate):
ich möchte nach Deutschland fahren (I would like to go to Germany), we should put the
verb which is usually on the second place (the conjugated one) – möchte – in the very
end of the sentence: ich nach Deutschland fahren möchte.
I learn German because I would like to go to Germany. – Ich lerne Deutsch, weil
ich nach Deutschland fahren möchte.
You remain home because you can not speak German well yet. – Sie bleiben zu
Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen können. (Many Russians can hear this
sentence at the German embassy when they try to get a visa ☺)
Unfortunately, I can not come because I should drive my sister to the railway-
station – Leider kann ich nicht kommen, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahren
soll.
How to say «I learn German so that the Germans can understand me»?
These two sentences are combined by means of the conjunction
damit – so that:
I learn German so that the Germans can understand me. – Ich lerne Deutsch,
damit mich die Deutschen verstehen können. (die Deutschen – the Germans, verstehen –
to understand)
Say it one more time so that they don’t forget it. – Sag es noch einmal, damit sie
es nicht vergessen. (noch einmal – one more time, once again, vergessen – to forget)
I tell you this story so that you don’t do my mistake. – Ich erzähle dir diese
Geschichte, damit du meinen Fehler nicht machst. (diese Geschichte – this story,
erzählen – to tell, to narrate, der Fehler – mistake)
The teacher repeats the rule once again so that all students understand it. – Der
Lehrer wiederholt die Regel noch einmal, damit alle Studenten sie verstehen.
(wiederholen – to repeat, die Regel – rule, verstehen – to understand)
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 25
Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
For us it’s rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail ([email protected]).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en 26
Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Lesson 5. Akkusativ.
Before you start, download audio lesson with extended explanation:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/Unterricht5_voll.mp3
Today we are going to consider German nouns for the first time and to learn how to
operate with them.
For instance, how to say properly:
I work in a cafe and everyday I see a man coming with a woman to the cafe. He
orders a coffee and a fruit-cake and she takes just a cup of tee. In one hour the man
pays, takes the woman by the arm, and they leave.
The marked nouns in the text are direct objects - Accusative (Akkusativ). The
question for the direct object in German is What?, Whom? and Where? (direction). Let’s
consider the sentences from the text:
I see (Whom?) a man. He comes (Where?) to the café. He orders (What?) a coffee
and a fruit cake. She takes (What?) a cup of tee. The man takes (Whom?) the woman by
the arm.
In German it looks the following way:
Masculine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) man. Das ist der (ein) Mann.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) park. Das ist der (ein) Park.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I see the (a) man. Ich sehe den (einen) Mann.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) I take the (an) apple. Ich nehme den (einen) Apfel.
Wohin? (Where?) He goes in the park. Er geht in den Park.
Feminine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) woman. Das ist die (eine) Frau.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) town. Das ist die Stadt.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I see the (a) woman. Ich sehe die (eine) Frau.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) I take the (a) cup. Ich nehme die (eine) Tasse.
Wohin? (Where?) She goes to the town. Sie fährt in die Stadt.
Neutral
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) car. Das ist das (ein) Auto.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) cafe. Das ist das (ein) Gasthaus.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I sell the (a) car. Ich verkaufe das (ein) Auto.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) I take the (a) glas. Ich nehme das (ein) Glas.
Wohin? (Where?) I go th the (a) cafe. Ich gehe in das (ein) Gasthaus.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Plural
Nominative (Nominativ) These are the (_) people. Das sind die (_) Leute.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) These are the (_) shops. Das sind die (_) Geschäfte.
Accusative (Akkusativ) I see the (_) people. Ich sehe die (_) Leute.
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?) They go to the (_) shops. Sie gehen in die (_)
Wohin? (Where?) Geschäfte.
You’ve surely noticed two details. If not, we give you a cue:
First, there is NO INDEFINITE article in the plural form (as in English).
Second, ONLY MASCULINE DEFINITE article der is being changed to den (the
others remain the same):
Masculine Feminine Neutral Plural
der (ein) Mann die (eine) Frau das (ein) Auto die Leute
Nominative (Nominativ) der (ein) die (eine) das (ein) die
Wer? (Who?)
Was? (What?)
Accusative (Akkusativ) den (einen) die (eine) das (ein) die
Wen? (Whom?)
Was? (What?)
Wohin? (Where?)
The verb haben – «to have». When we use this verb, all nouns (objects), combined
with this verb, have the Accusative-form.
Declination of this verb is an exception of the general rule (as well as for English «to
have»):
haben
Ich habe
Du hast
Er, sie, es hat
Wir haben
Ihr habt
Sie, sie haben
Germans use negative article kein(e) to negate nouns. You can find very much in
common with the English «no»:
This is a woman. She has no man. – Das ist eine Frau. Sie hat keinen Mann.
I have no time. – Ich habe keine Zeit.
But:
This is not a girl. – Das ist kein Mädchen.
I do not have any car. – Ich habe kein Auto.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
This is a flat. This is not a flat, this is a house. I have no flat. – Das ist eine
Wohnung. Das ist keine Wohnung, das ist ein Haus. Ich habe keine Wohnung.
It’s a car. It isn’t a car, it’s a bus. I have no car.. – Das ist ein Auto. Das ist kein
Auto, das ist ein Bus. Ich habe kein Auto.
These are friends. They are not friends. He has no friends. – Das sind Freunde.
Sie sind keine Freunde. Er hat keine Freunde.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
1. Wir wollen ein Eis essen. Wir gehen in Eiscafé Venezia (das).
2. Die Männer stellen die Autos vor Buchhandlung (die). (der Mann – man,
die Männer – men, stellen – to place, to put, vor – before, in front of, die
Buchhandlung – bookstore)
3. Die Frau geht in Konditorei (die). (die Konditorei – cake-shop)
4. Die Frau braucht eine Zeitung. (brauchen – to need, die Zeitung – newspaper)
Sie geht an Zeitungskiosk (das).
5. Die Frau möchte Wurst kaufen. (die Wurst – sausage, kaufen – to buy) Sie geht
in Metzgerei (die). (die Metzgerei – butcher’s)
6. Ich will frisches Obst. Ich gehe auf Markt (der). (frisches Obst – fresh
fruits, der Markt – market)
7. Wenn ich Pillen brauche, gehe ich in Apotheke (die). (Pillen – pills,
tablets)
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
And now, let’s get back to the text from the beginning of the lesson. You are going to
understand all constructions in it easily – now you know much indeed!
I work in a cafe and everyday I see a man coming with a woman to the cafe. He
orders a coffee and a fruit-cake and she takes just a cup of tee. In one hour the man
pays, takes the woman by the arm, and they leave.
Ich arbeite in einem Cafe und sehe jeden Tag einen Mann, der mit einer Frau in
das (in das = ins) Cafe kommt. Er bestellt einen Kaffee und einen Obstkuchen und sie
nimmt nur eine Tasse Tee. In einer Stunde bezahlt der Mann, nimmt die Frau unter den
Arm, und sie gehen weg. (weggehen – to leave, to go away).
For us it’s rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail ([email protected]).
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Lesson 6. Dativ.
Before you start, download audio lesson with extended explanation:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/Unterricht6_voll.mp3
Today we’re going to continue one of the most difficult issues in German doing it the
simplest and most comfortable way.
And namely, how to say: «I give my documents to the man in the office», «I buy a
toy in the store», «I give flowers to my wife in the cafe».
Here we deal with indirect objects. It accords with Dative (Dativ) in German and
answers questions «To whom/which?» and «Where? (position)»
I give my documents (to whom?) to the man (where?) in the office.
I buy a toy (where?) in the store.
I give flowers (to whom?) to my wife (where?) in the cafe.
In English indirect object can be also used without any preposition:
Tell the doctor about you’ve just told me. («doctor» and «me» are indirect objects –
we can recognize them by question «(to) whom?»)
In German it works like follows:
Masculine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) man. Das ist der (ein) Mann.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) park. Das ist der (ein) Park.
Dative (Dativ) I tell the (a) man that I am in the (a) park.
Wem? (To whom/which?) Ich sage dem (einem) Mann, dass ich in dem (einem)
Wo? (Where?) Park bin.
Feminine
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) woman. Das ist die (eine) Frau.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) city. Das ist die (eine) Stadt.
Dative (Dativ) I tell the (a) woman that she can buy flowers in the (a) city.
Wem? (To whom/which?) Ich sage der (einer) Frau, dass sie Blumen in der (einer)
Wo? (Where?) Stadt kaufen kann.
Neutral
Nominative (Nominativ) This is the (a) child. Das ist das (ein) Kind.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) This is the (a) store. Das ist das Geschäft.
Dative (Dativ) I promise (to) the (a) child to buy a toy in the (a) store. Ich
Wem? (To whom/which?) verspreche dem (einem) Kind, ein Spielzeug in dem
Wo? (Where?) (einem) Geschäft zu kaufen.
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Plural
Nominative (Nominativ) These are the people. Das sind die Leute.
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?) These are the cities. Das sind die Städte.
Dative (Dativ) I sell cars to the people which live in the cities. Ich verkaufe
Wem? (To whom/which?) den Leuten, die in den Städten wohnen, die Autos.
Wo? (Where?)
1. (der Mann) Ich frage nach dem Weg. (der Weg – way, direction)
2. (der Verkäufer) Ich gebe das Geld. (der Verkäufer – seller)
3. (die Kundin) Ich sehe auf dem Markt. (die Kundin – customer (she))
4. (der Ober) Ich habe kein Messer. Ich rufe . (der Ober – waiter, das
Messer – knife, rufen – to call)
5. (die Kinder) Ich kaufe einen Hamburger.
6. (die Kinder) Ich sehe an der Straßenecke. (an der Straßenecke – on the
street corner)
7. (die Lehrerin) Ja, gibt mir mein Zeugnis! (die Lehrerin – teacher (she),
das Zeugnis – certificate)
8. (die Männer) Ich sehe bei der Bank. (bei der Bank – at the bank)
9. (die Kundin) Ich gebe meine Tüte. (die Tüte – bag, packet)
10. (der Ober) Ja; bringt mir eine Hühnersuppe. (die Hühnersuppe – chicken
soup)
11. (das Eis) Ich esse im Sommer. (essen – to eat, im Sommer – in summer)
12. (der Lehrer) In der Schule sehe ich jeden Tag. (in der Schule – in/at the
school, jeden Tag – everyday)
13. (die Lehrerin) Am Montag gebe ich meine Hausaufgabe. (am Montag –
on Monday, die Hausaufgabe – home task)
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
14. (die Mutter) Ja, macht mir morgens mein Frühstück. (morgens – in the
morning (every morning), das Frühstück – breakfast)
Check up! → http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht6Aufgabe1_antwort.php
For us it’s rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail ([email protected]).
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
German Perfekt consists of auxiliary verb haben (to have) or sein (to be) + Prtizip II
(participle II) of the main verb. The construction of Perfekt has very much in common with
the construction of English Perfect Tenses.
So, what about Partizip II? For most verbs they have a simple scheme: prefix ge- +
verb stem + ending -t instead of -en:
to buy – kaufen = ge+kauf+t
to seek – suchen = ge+such+t
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
There are verbs in German which make Prtizip II in some different ways, for
example just by means of prefix ge-:
to drive – fahren = gefahren (English: to work – worked, but to drive – driven)
to come – kommen = gekommen (English: to come – come)
to see – sehen = gesehen (English: to see – seen)
to sleep – schlafen = geschlafen (English: to sleep – slept)
There are also other models:
to be – sein = gewesen (English: to be – been)
Such irregular verbs you can find in the end of any dictionary or in the Internet.
Now, we’ll try to make correct sentences. What should we do? We put properly
conjugated auxiliary verb upon the second place in the sentence (remember the “iron”
rule?), and Partizip II (participle II) of the main verb goes into the very end of the sentence.
Ich suche eine Wohnung in Berlin – Ich habe eine Wohnung in Berlin gesucht.
Wir kaufen ein Auto – Wir haben ein Auto gekauft.
Er malt ein Bild – Er hat ein Bild gemalt. (malen – to draw, das Bild – picture)
Du arbeitest heute viel – Du hast gestern viel gearbeitet. (gestern – yesterday)
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
As we mentioned, some verbs make Perfekt with auxiliary verb sein. These are
mainly verbs of movement: to drive, to go, to come, to fly, or verbs of state change: to
wake up, to stand up, to fall asleep, to grow, to die.
I come to Berlin I came to Berlin yesterday
Ich komme nach Berlin Ich bin gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Du kommst nach Berlin Du bist gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Er, sie, es kommt nach Berlin Er, sie, es ist gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Wir kommen nach Berlin Wir sind gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Ihr kommt nach Berlin Ihr seid gestern nach Berlin gekommen
Sie, sie kommen nach Berlin Sie, sie sind gestern nach Berlin gekommen
This is it!
For those who’d like to download all 7 lessons in one file, you can use these links:
7 lessons in one pdf file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/voll.pdf
7 lessons in one mp3 file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/voll.mp3
Key to exercises in one pdf file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/antworte.pdf
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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons
English edition by Yuriy Bereza
Additional information
That’s all to our basic German course, and we hope you’ve managed everything to
200%. We thank you very much for the time we’ve been together. Now, as we promised,
you are able to talk to your German friends via Skype, read books consulting a dictionary,
use German web-sites and watch German YouTube-videos. If you feel like not having
understood something, you can anytime review our course using audio lessons and
workbook.
After this course, motivated by your success, you will probably turn on the heat to
travel to Europe which was impossible because of communication barriers. And maybe
you have decided to work for a German company and move to the Old World, or you have
recognized that there is nothing impossible or difficult in the new and concluded to about-
face your life. Anyway, we wish you good luck for your initiatives!
If you want to learn more about German, to work with native speakers and to polish
your skills, we invite you to our webinars, courses and lessons held by teachers from
Germany and Austria.
Learning German at our service and with the support of our professional team, you
are going to score your achievements in a very short time, saving your most valuable
resource – time – all the while as well.
Detailed schedule of webinars, courses and lessons you can find at our site:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
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