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Systems-Approach PDF

The document discusses the systems approach, which views educational institutions and processes as complex systems. It provides definitions of a system from various sources, emphasizing that a system is made up of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together towards a common goal. The document also outlines the characteristics of systems and different types of systems. Finally, it discusses applying the systems approach to instructional design and education more broadly to make processes more effective and responsive.

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Swaroop Menon
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139 views

Systems-Approach PDF

The document discusses the systems approach, which views educational institutions and processes as complex systems. It provides definitions of a system from various sources, emphasizing that a system is made up of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together towards a common goal. The document also outlines the characteristics of systems and different types of systems. Finally, it discusses applying the systems approach to instructional design and education more broadly to make processes more effective and responsive.

Uploaded by

Swaroop Menon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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arpita 123303 B.

Ed

Systems Approach

i. Systems approach is an active planning concept taken from engineering science and
automated communication system.

ii. Latest concept in educational technology

iii. Initially developed and used in the field of engineering and management.
iv. Historically developed during second world war.

v. System refers to wholeness, interrelationships among parts or elements and self-


regulation.

Meaning of the word System

Webster’s Dictionary:

i. A regularly interacting or independent group of items forming a unified whole.

ii. A group of objects related or interacting so as to form a unity.

iii. An organized or established procedure

iv. A methodically arranged set of ideas, principles, methods or procedures.

Banghart:-“A system is an integrated assembly of interacting elements, designed to carry out


co-operatively a pre determined function.”

Ackoff:- “A system is a set of inter-related and inter-dependent elements.”

Characteristics of Systems

i. Universal concept

ii. Self-governing and self-maintaining structure

iii. Dynamic and integrated whole

iv. Systematic organization of complex, self-dependent and inter-dependent parts.

v. Each part of a system has its own specific role and inter-relation with other parts.

vi. Efficiency of a system as a unified whole is better

vii. Focus is on achievement of specified objectives


arpita 123303 B.Ed

Systems: Types-I

i. i. Natural Systems

ii. ii. Man-Made Systems

iii. iii. Natural & Man Made

Systems: Types-II

iv. i. Social Systems

v. ii. Cultural Systems

vi. iii. Personality Systems

CONCEPT OF SYSTEMS APPROACH

• “Any arrangement or combination, of interacting parts or elements, in a whole”

(Bertalanffy, 1968).
• Universal in nature

• Characterized not only by their parts, but, by the relationships between these parts as well
as their relationship to other systems in the environment

• Donella Meadow (2008): Systems Approach t hones people’s abilities to understand


parts, see inter-connections, & ultimately, to envision new possibilities for re-designing
the world.

• Kershaw and Mckean (1959), “Systems approach is one of the techniques which aims
to find the most efficient and economically intelligent methods for solving the problems
of education scientifically”.
• Neil: “Systems Approach to education is defined as a particular method of exploration to
find effective ways of talking about, designing & organizing learning situations in
practice.”

• Kaufman-“Systems Approach is a tool developed to make the educational adventure


more responsive, responsible, logical, orderly, self-correctible and flexible rather than
intuitive, unordered, indefinable and doubtful.”
arpita 123303 B.Ed

Steps of Systems Approach as Applied to Instructional System

(Wittich & Schuller)

i. Identifying task / problem

ii. Analyzing situation

iii. Identifying Objectives

iv. Specifying resources (materials & methods) to be used and constraints

v. Constructing a preliminary design

vi. Trying-out & Evaluating the design

vii. Modifying on the basis of feedback

viii. Implement

Application of Systems Approach to Education

i. Development and Improvement of instructional system

ii. Needs analysis & Specification of objectives

iii. Efficient use of resources

iv. Increase in control & co-ordination

v. Improved ways of panning

vi. Making training effective

vii. Improvement in over-all quality of education

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