5.2.

1 General
Let ter codes are used for identification of process variables and control f
unctions.
Process variables are measured quantity, quality, or condition of process media or
process objects, e.g.
pressure, t emperat ure, or c alculated var iables, e. g. energ y f low based
on di rec t measurement s of volume
f low, pressure, a nd t emper at ure u si ng bui l t i n mat hemat ic f unc t
ions a nd medi a proper t y t ables or out put
variables f rom an analyser. Process variable are also human observations based on
human sensory.
Control functions are manipulating functions which via the final controlling
element of process media
or process objects in order to bring the media or object into a condition or state
defined by the process
control system on basis of measured process variables and pre-defined values.
Control functions are
also display and registration of process variables.
Letter codes shall be represented with upper-case letters.
5.2.2 Representation of letter codes for process variables
Letter codes for process variables shall initiate the letter code string placed in
the upper part of the PCI
symbols.
The letter codes shall be taken from Table 2 and supplemented with modif ying let
ter code from Table 3.
Examples of letter code strings are given in Figure 9.
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved 9

BSI Standards Publication

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
Specifications for diagrams for
process industry
Part 2: Measurement and control
BS ISO 15519-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 15519-2:2015.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee TDW/4, Technical Product Realization.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
� The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards
Limited 2015
ISBN 978 0 580 70877 0
ICS 01.080.30; 01.110
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Specifications for diagrams for
process industry �
Part 2:
Measurement and control
BS ISO 15519-2:2015
Sp�cifications pour sch�mas de l�industrie de traitement �
Partie 2: Mesurage et contr�le
ISO
15519-2
First edition
2015-06-01
Reference number
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
�
ISO 2015
BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

� ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO�s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 � CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
[email protected]
www.iso.org
ii � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword ..........................................................................
...................................................................................
.............................................................................v
Introduction
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
...........................................................vi
1 Scope
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
............................................................ 1
2 Normative references
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
................. 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
..................................................................................
............................................. 1
3.1 Terms related to control
..................................................................................
............................................................................... 1
3.2 Document types
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
................ 3
3.3 Abbreviated terms
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
.......... 3
4 Documentation and process control principles
...................................................................................
................................ 3
4.1 Introduction
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
......................... 3
4.2 Diagram types, structures, and life cycle
aspects ...........................................................................
........................... 4
4.3 Process control
interrelations ....................................................................
............................................................................... 5
4.4 Information exchange between process and control
systems ....................................................................... 6
5 Exchange of process control information
..................................................................................
................................................. 7
5.1 Symbols for information
exchange ..........................................................................
.............................................................. 7
5.1.1
General............................................................................
...................................................................................
....................... 7
5.1.2 Placement of information inside the PCI
symbol.............................................................................
.... 8
5.1.3 Placement of information outside the PCI
symbol ............................................................................
. 9
5.2 Letter
codes .............................................................................
...................................................................................
............................... 9
5.2.1
General............................................................................
...................................................................................
....................... 9
5.2.2 Representation of letter codes for process
variables ....................................................................... 9
5.2.3 Representation of letter codes for control
functions..................................................................... 10
5.2.4 Sequence of letter codes for control
functions .........................................................................
.......... 11
5.2.5 Modifying letter
codes .............................................................................
................................................................ 12
5.3 Reference
designation .......................................................................
...................................................................................
......... 13
6 Representation in general
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
..13
6.1
General ...........................................................................
...................................................................................
.......................................... 13
6.2 Signal
lines .............................................................................
...................................................................................
............................... 13
6.3 Graphical
symbols ...........................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 14
6.3.1
General............................................................................
...................................................................................
.................... 14
6.3.2 Instruments with integrated
display ...........................................................................
................................ 14
6.3.3 Multifunction
instruments .......................................................................
............................................................ 14
6.3.4 Instruments forming a
group .............................................................................
................................................ 15
6.3.5 Differentiating of
representation ....................................................................
................................................ 15
6.3.6 Graphical symbol �groups� in
diagrams ..........................................................................
......................... 15
7 Representation in diagrams
..................................................................................
................................................................................15
7.1
Introduction ......................................................................
...................................................................................
.................................. 15
7.2 Process flow diagram,
PFD ...............................................................................
......................................................................... 16
7.2.1
Description .......................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 16
7.2.2
Application .......................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 16
7.2.3
Contents ..........................................................................
...................................................................................
................... 16
7.2.4
Representation ....................................................................
...................................................................................
........ 17
7.3 Process and instrumentation diagram,
PID ...............................................................................
................................. 18
7.3.1
Description .......................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 18
7.3.2
Application .......................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 18
7.3.3
Contents ..........................................................................
...................................................................................
................... 18
7.3.4
Representation ....................................................................
...................................................................................
........ 19
7.4 Process control diagram,
PCD ...............................................................................
.................................................................. 20
7.4.1
Description .......................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 20
7.4.2
Application .......................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 21
7.4.3
Contents ..........................................................................
...................................................................................
................... 21
7.4.4
Representation ....................................................................
...................................................................................
........ 21
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved iii
BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

7.5 Typical diagrams,

TYD ...............................................................................
...................................................................................
. 22
7.5.1
Description .......................................................................
...................................................................................
............... 22
7.5.2 Application
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
.... 22
7.5.3 Contents
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
........... 22
7.5.4 Representation
..................................................................................
............................................................................. 22
Annex A (informative) Graphical symbols for connections main process equipment,
measurement, actuation, and control
..................................................................................
.......................................................24
Annex B (informative) Examples of representation of measurement, control, and
actuation tasks
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
...............................34
Annex C (informative) Diagram examples
..................................................................................
.................................................................36
Annex D (informative) Information exchange between process and control system
.....................................40
Annex E (informative) Relationship between terms for closed loop control,
measurement,
actuation, etc.
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................42
Bibliography
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
........................................................43
iv
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

Foreword

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
normally carried out
through ISO technical commit tees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take
part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further
maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval
criteria needed for the
different t ypes of ISO documents should be noted. This document was draf ted in
accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
At tention is drawn to the possibilit y that some of the elements of this document
may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identif ying any or all such
patent rights. Details of any
patent right s identif ied during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of
users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to
conformit y
assessment, as well as information about ISO�s adherence to the WTO principles in
the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword � Supplement ary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 10, Technical product
documentation, SC 10,
Process plant documentation.
ISO 15519 consists of the following parts, under the general title Specifications
for diagrams for
process industr y:
� Part 1: General rules
� Part 2: Measurement and control
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved v

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

Introduction
0.1 General
The ISO 15519 series consist s of st andards for specif icat ion of diagrams for
process indust r y, published
under the general title: Specification for diagrams for process industry.
This International Standard specifies preparation of different t ypes of diagrams
and use of graphical
symbols, let ter codes, and reference designation in diagrams. This International
Standard addresses
all process industry fields for example chemical, petrochemical, power,
pharmaceutical, foodstuff,
pulp, and paper.
This part of ISO 15519 deals with representation of measurement, actuation, and
control in process
diagrams which in this context covers process f low diagrams (PFD), process and
instrument diagrams
(PID), process control diagrams (PCD), and t ypical diagrams (TYD).
0.2 Engineering interrelations
Process diagrams, which represent the configuration of the process system and of
the measurement,
act uation, and control systems, involves engineering disciplines like process,
mechanical,
instrumentation, electrical, and control as illustrated in Figure 1.
Key
1 process
2 mechanical
3 instrumentation
4 electrical
5 control
A measurement
B actuation
Figure 1 � Interrelations between engineering disciplines
Figure 1 illustrates the discipline complexit y of process systems which force
diagrams not only to
focus on individual disciplines but overlap to neighbouring disciplines. This is,
for example, done in the
process and instrumentation diagram which shows mechanical, instrumentation, and
electrical objects
in same diagram.
As process engineering by tradition is an ISO discipline and control engineering is
IEC discipline
representation of measurement and control in diagrams need to be coordinated and
unambiguously.
vi � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
0.3 Control system technology and inf luence on documentation
The technological development within Information Technology const antly challenges
the process
industry to use �state of the art� technology for engineering of process and
control systems. This
puts pressure on the standardization organisations to deliver up to date
International Standards. As
development time and expected lifetime of a standard at present is overtaken
several times by the IT
development, the standard developers need to develop standards which focus on basic
principles and
rules to secure high qualit y documentation and exchange of information.
At present, the configuration and functionalit y of the process control system are
programmed direct
in modern control system as control Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and
Distributed Control
Systems (DCS). In addition, these systems are self-documenting which could lead to
the assumption that
traditional diagram documentation are superf luous.
Diagrams are however an important tool for documentation and representation of
process system
information in all lifecycle phases of a process plant. In the development and
engineering phase, diagrams
are used also for exchange and sharing of technical information between engineering
disciplines and in
operation and maintenance phases diagrams are used in daily operation and as part
of operation and
maintenance manuals.
0.4 Letter codes
ISO 14617-6, 7.3.1 have been moved to this part of ISO 15519 and the description
has been changed to
�Let ter codes for Process Control Information (PCI)�.
ISO 14617-6 will be revised at first periodical review or revision af ter
publication of this International
Standard.
0.5 Figures
Figures in this International Standard are only examples for illustration of a
given rule in the standard.
0.6 Reference designation
In this part of ISO 15519, IEC 81346-1, IEC 81346-2, and ISO/TS 81346-3 are used to
illustrate the
application of reference designation in diagrams.
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved vii
BS ISO 15519-2:2015
Specifications for diagrams for process industry �
Part 2:
Measurement and control
1 Scope

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
This part of ISO 15519 provides rules and guidelines for representation of
measurement, control, and
actuation in diagrams for process industry.
General rules and guidelines for preparation of diagrams for process industry, for
example t ypes
and descriptions of diagrams, layout of diagrams, graphical symbols, lines and
connection, reference
designation, are given in ISO 15519-1.
Rules and guidelines for preparation of electrotechnical diagrams are given in IEC
61082-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited
applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO 10209, Technical product documentation � Vocabulary � Terms relating to
technical drawings,
product definition and related documentation
ISO 14617 (all parts), Graphical symbols for diagrams
ISO 15519-1, Specification for diagrams for process industry � Part 1: General
rules
IEC 81346-1, Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial
products � Structuring
principles and reference designations � Part 1: Basic rules
IEC 81346-2, Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial
products � Structuring
principles and reference designations � Part 2: Classification of objects and codes
for classes
ISO/TS 81346-3, Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial
products � Structuring
principles and reference designations � Part 3: Application rules for a reference
designation system
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15519-1,
ISO 10209, IEC 813461,
and
the
following
apply.
3.1 Terms related to control
3.1.1
actuator
functional unit that generates from the controller output variable the manipulated
variable to drive the
final controlling element
Note 1 to entry: If the f inal controlling element is mechanically actuated, it is
controlled via an actuated drive. The
actuator drives the actuating drive in this case.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex E for the relationship between related terms.
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved 1
BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2013, 351-28-07]

3.1. 2
closed-loop control
process whereby one variable (quantit y), namely the controlled variable is
continuously measured,
compared with another variable (quantit y), namely the reference variable, and inf
luenced in such a
manner as to adjust to the reference variable
Note 1 to entry: Characteristic for closed-loop control is the closed action in
which the controlled variable
continuously inf luences itself in the action path of the closed loop.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2013, 351-26-01]
3.1. 3
control function
manipulation via the final controlling element of process media or process objects
in order to bring the
media or object into a condition or state defined by the process control system on
basis of measured
process variables and pre-defined values
3.1.4
control loop
assembly of elements incorporated in the closed action of a closed-loop control
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2013, 351-26-11]
3.1. 5
final controlling element
functional unit forming part of the controlled system and arranged at its input,
driven by the manipulated
variable and manipulating the mass f low or energy f low
Note 1 to entry: If the f inal controlling element is mechanically actuated, an
additional actuator (positioner) is
used in some cases.
Note 2 to entry: The output variable of the f inal controlling equipment is usually
not free from feedback. The
interface bet ween the actuator and the f inal controlling element should therefore
be selected in such a way that
the manipulated variable is not affected by feedback from the final controlling
element.
Note 3 to entry: See Annex E for the relationship between related terms.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050:2013, 351-28-08]
3.1.6
manipulate
to change f lows of mass, energy, or information by means of a final controlling
element
Note 1 to entry: Manipulating can be affected continuously or by switching
operations.
Note 2 to entry: In control engineering, t he final controlling element is regarded
as belonging to a process.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2013, 351-22-08]
3.1.7
open-loop control
process in a system whereby one or more variables (variable quantities) as input
variables inf luence
other variables (variable quantities) as output variables in accordance with the
proper laws of the system
Note 1 to entry: Characteristic for open-loop control is the open action path or in
case of a closed action path the
fact that the output variables being inf luenced by the input variables are not
continuously inf luencing themselves
and not by the same input variables.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2013, 351-26-02]
2 � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
3.1. 8
process variable
quantit y, qualit y, or condition of a process media or process object which value
may be subject to change
and can usually be measured
3.2 Document types
3. 2.1
process f low diagram
PFD
diagram representing the configuration of a process plant or a process system by
means of graphical symbols
3.2.2
process and instrumentation diagram
PID
diagram representing the technical realization of a process syste
2) Based on one or more human sensory systems.
3) When a differential pressure measurement is used for level measurement then
letter code L shall be
used and not P.
4) The measured variable shall be indicated outside the circle, specif ying the t
ype of qualit y, e.g. pH-
value, purit y, conductivit y, material propert y, viscosit y, etc.
5) Heat radiation, light, nuclear.
6) Including vibration, rotary speed.
7) The generated variable shall be indicated outside the circle specif ying the t
ype of multivariable, e.g.
general alarm, enthalpy.
8) The let ter Z as measured variable shall be used when control or monitoring
responses are event-
driven as opposed to time or time schedule-driven. The let ter can also signif y
presence or state.
9) Shall only be used for separate alarm control functions. If control functions S
and Z at time of action also
trigger an alarm/message, then the A shall not be used in addition to the in front
let ter codes S or Z.
10) A control function to be realized by a safet y instrumented function according
to IEC 61511-1 or an
equipment protection system, when an acknowledgement is specified to enable a
restart.
5.2.5 Modifying letter codes
Letter codes for process variables and control functions can be supplemented with a
succeeding letter
code, called modifier, see Table 3.
Letter
code
Table 3 � Letter code for modifiers
Modifier functions Application note/examples
D Difference Indication of that the measurement represents the
difference of two measurements, e.g. differential pressure
over
a filter.
H High limit Indication of that the measured value is high compared
to low. The modif ier can be differentiated by doubling or
tripling e.g. HH � Very high, HHH � Extremely high.
L Low limit Indication of that the measured value is low compared to
high, The modif ier can be differentiated by doubling or
tripling e.g. LL � Very low, LLL � Extremely low.
P Testing (point) Indication of a not used measuring point, to which it is
possible to connect a temporary measuring device, e.g.
pressure transmitter.
Let ter code combinations with modifiers H and L shall be represented outside the
PCI symbol.
The sequence shall be A, S, and Z with increasing value away from the centre line
of the PCI symbol as
illustrated in Figure 11.
12 � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
Figure 11 � Examples of sequence of letter code strings for high and low output
functions
5.3 Reference designation
Reference designation shall comply with IEC 81346-1, IEC 81346-2, and ISO/TS 81346-
3. Rules for
application of reference designation in diagrams are given in ISO 15519-1.
Reference designation, shall be placed in the lower part of the PCI symbol.
The reference designation for an object can be IEC 81346-2 let ter codes alone
followed by a number or a
combination of a plant specific identification system according to the rules given
in IEC 81346-1 and the
IEC 81346-2 letter codes as illustrated in Figure 12.
In Figure 12 a), the let ter code PC in the upper line in the PCI symbol shows a
pressure measurement to
be used for control. In the reference designation LAB01BP01, the let ter code BP
indicates �converting of
an input variable (in this case pressure) into a signal for further processing�.
In Figure 12 b), the let ter code FC in the upper line correspondingly illustrates
f low control, which is
executed by the f low control valve LAB01QN01. The let ter code QN in the reference
designation indicates
�varying of f low of a f lowable substance in closed enclosures�.
a) Pressure measurement b) Control valve
NOTE For accentuation, the IEC 81346-2 letter codes in the reference designation
are underlined.
Figure 12 � Examples of use of IEC 81346-2 letter codes in reference designations
for objects
6 Representation in general
6.1 General
In addition to the general rules and guidelines for application of lettering,
connections, graphical
symbols, reference designation, etc. given in ISO 15519-1, the following apply for
this part of ISO 15519.
6.2 Signal lines
In PFD signal lines shall be represented with dashed lines according to ISO 128-20.
In PCD signal lines shall be represented with full line.
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved 13
BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

Signal lines representing functions inside the PCI symbol, e.g. C (control closed
loop), and signal lines
representing functions outside the PCI symbol, e.g. SLL (switching open loop
control at low value), shall
be drawn separate bet ween the PCI symbols.
Graphical symbols for indication of signal media, e.g. pneumatic or hydraulic,
should only be used to
differentiate, if the majorit y of signal lines in same diagram are electric. For
graphical symbols for signal
media, see Annex A.
The technical realization of signal transmission e.g. electronic, hard wired, bus
system, etc., should not
be represented diagrams.
6.3 Graphical symbols
6.3.1 General
Graphical symbols shall be taken from ISO 14617 series. If the needed symbol is not
included in ISO 14617,
it shall be designed according to rules given in ISO 14617 and ISO 15519-1. Annex A
includes a collection
of ISO 14617 graphical symbols for main process equipment, measurement, actuation,
and control.
NOTE ISO 14617 series is under continuous revision, so some symbols used in f
igures might not yet be
implemented in the ISO 14617 series. The ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP) gives
status of graphical symbols
in the ISO 14617 series.
6.3.2 Instruments with integrated display
Instruments with integrated display for reading of measured value(s) should be
represented either by
Figure 13 a) or 13 b).
a) Form 1 b) Form 2
NOTE DPY = abbreviation of display, see ISO 14617-5:2002, 851.
Figure 13 � Representation of instruments with integrated display
6.3.3 Multifunction instruments
Instruments with two or more functions in common housing/envelope shall be
represented with PCI
symbols for each function. The PCI symbols shall be placed �side by side� as
illustrated in Figure 14
showing a local pressure gauge with integrated switch.
Figure 14 � Representation of multifunction instrument
14 � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
6.3.4 Instruments forming a group
Two or more instruments which make up a functional group shall be represented close
to each other and
the functionalit y of the grouping shall be marked with an identifier as
illustrated in Figure 15, showing
three temperature measurements which are part of a �t wo out of three�, 2oo3,
measurement system.
Figure 15 � Example of �two out of three� temperature measurement system
6.3.5 Differentiating of representation
The same function can be represented in different t ypes of diagrams with different
graphical appearance,
see Figure 16.
a) f low control
principle
not specified
b) f low control by
variable speed
electrical motor
c) f low pump �
f low control
by electrical motor,
speed controlled
by a frequency
converter
Figure 16 � Different degree of detailing of a variable f low pump
6.3.6 Graphical symbol �groups� in diagrams
Representation of particularly PCI symbols for measurements on �small� process
symbols can of ten be
a challenge due to lack of space in the diagram.
The general rules for readabilit y given in ISO 15519-1, also applies for
measurement and actuation.
Modification of graphical symbol for process object can therefore of ten be
necessary in order to locate
the PCI symbols in functional correct positions.
Annex B gives examples of �grouping� of graphical symbols.
7 Representation in diagrams
7.1 Introduction
Clause 7 specifies rules for representation of measurement, control, and actuation.
General rules for
preparation of process diagrams can be found in e.g. ISO 15519-1.
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved 15

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

Clause 7 deals with following t ypes of diagrams:

� Process f low diagram, PFD;
� Process and instrumentation diagram, PID;
� Process control diagram, PCD;
� Typical diagram, TYD.
NOTE The Block Diagram (BLD) is not dealt with in this part of the standard, as it
normally not includes
representation of measurement and control.
Each diagram t ype is specifies, in tables, basic and additional information
concerning measurement,
control, and actuation. The basic information is mandatory in an early stage of the
diagram. In a final
stage of the diagram, the additional information should be added.
Examples of above mentioned process diagrams are given in Annex C.
7.2 Process flow diagram, PFD
7.2.1 Description
A process f low diagram represents the configuration of a process plant or a
process system by means of
graphical symbols.
7.2.2 Application
The diagram is used for project planning and coordination especially in the basic
engineering phase and
form basis for the preparation of process and instrumentation diagrams and process
control diagrams.
Functional groups such as redundant pumps shall only be represented by one symbol,
with remark of
the redundancy e.g. 2 � 100 %.
7.2.3 Contents
General rules for representation of basic and additional information for
measurement, control, and
actuation in process f low diagrams are given in Table 4.
16 � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

Table 4 � Basic and additional information for process f low diagram

Aspect Basic information Additional information
Graphical symbols for
object and

Information exchange between process and control system

A process is controlled by measured and manipulated objects to fulfil the designed
product qualit y.
Measured values of process variables supply all required information in order to
act as soon as the set
values do not match with the real values. Figure D.1 illustrates the following:
� the information exchange bet ween the process and the control system by means of
PCI symbols
including letter codes for process variables and control functions and reference
designation;
� the correlations bet ween the process and the control system;
� the configuration of control f unctions.
40 � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

Key
a
process system - process variables according to Table 2
c
controlling system � control functions according to Table 3
d process control information � PCI � symbol
e letter code of process variables and control functions
f letter code for reference designation
g control chain
h measuring chain

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
Figure D.1 � Information exchange between process and control system � Detailed
representation
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved 41

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

Annex E
(informative)

Relationship between terms for closed loop control, measurement,

actuation, etc.
Figure E.1 illustrates t ypical terms for elementary process control based on IEC
60050-351.
a) Functional diagram b) Process diagram
Key
A control system c command variable
B controlled system e error variable
C controlling system m controller output variable
D comparing element q final controlled variable
E controlling element r feedback variable
F measuring element w reference variable
G actuator x controlled variable
H final controlling element y manipulated variable
I final controlling equipment z disturbance variable
J reference variable generator
K generation of the final controlled variable
Figure E.1 � Representation of elementary control terms according to IEC 60050-351
42 � ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

Bibliography

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)
[1] ISO 3511 (all parts), Industrial process measurement control functions and
instrumentation �
Symbolic representation
[2] ISO 10628-2, Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry � Part 2:
Graphical symbols
[3] ISO 11005, Technical product documentation � Use of main documents
[4] ISO 15226, Technical product documentation � Life cycle model and allocation of
documents
[5] ISO 16484-2, Building automation and control systems (BACS) � Part 2: Hardware
[6] ISO 16484-3, Building automation and control systems (BACS) � Part 3: Functions
[7] ISO/IEC 15288, System and soft ware engineering � System life cycle processes
[8] IEC 60050-351:2013, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
[9] IEC 61082-1, Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology � Part 1: Rules
[10] IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safet y of
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safet y-
related systems
[11] IEC 61511 (all parts), Functional safet y � Safet y instrumented systems for
the process industry sector
[12] IEC 62023, Structuring of technical information and documentation
[13] IEC 62424, Representation of process control engineering � Requests in P&I
diagrams and data
exchange bet ween P&ID tools for PCE-CAE tools
[14] ISA 5.1, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
NOTE It is the overall ISO/TC10/SC10 plan to withdraw ISO 3511 (all parts). The
graphical symbols have
already been transferred to the ISO 14617 series. Diagram rules for the application
of graphical
symbols for measurement and control in diagrams are transferred to this
International Standard.
Letter codes for process variables and control functions are likewise transferred
from ISO 14617
series to this International Standard
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved 43

BS ISO 15519-2:2015
ISO 15519-2:2015(E)

ICS 01.080.30; 01.110

Price based on 43 pages
� ISO 2015 � All rights reserved

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