GATE

EC : Electronics and Communications

Signals & Systems
1. Consider the following statements for
continuous-time linear time invariant (LTI)
systems.
I. There is no bounded input bounded
output (BIBO) stable system with a pole
in the right half of the complex plane.
II. There is no causal and BIBO stable
system with a pole in the right half of
the complex plane. [EC2017]
Which one among the following is correct?
(A) Both I and II are true
(B) Both I and II are not true
(C) Only I is true
(D) Only II is true
2. Consider a single input single output discrete-
time system with x[n] as input and y[n] as
output, where the two are related as
 n x[n] , for0n10
y[n] = 
 x[n]x[n1], otherwise
Which one of the following statements is true
about the system? [EC2017]
(A) It is causal and stable
(B) It is causal but not stable
(C) It is not causal but stable
(D) It is neither causal not stable
3. A continuous time signal x(t) = 4 cos(200
t) + 8 cos(400t), where t is in seconds, is
the input to a linear time invariant (LTI)
filter with the impulse response [EC2017]
 2sin(300t)
 , t0
h(t) =  t
 600, t0
Let y(t) be the output of this filter. The
maximum value of | y(t) | is _________.
4. An LTI system with unit sample response
h[n] = 5[n]  7[n  1] + 7[n  3]  5[n
 4] is a [EC2017]
(A) low-pass filter
(B) high-pass filter
(C) band-pass filter
(D) band-stop filter
5. The input x(t) and the output y(t) of a
continuous-time system are related as
[EC2017]
t
y(t) = t T x(u)du .
The system is
(A) linear and time-variant
(B) linear and time-invariant
(C) non-linear and time-variant
(D) non-linear and time-variant
6. Consider an LTI system with magnitude
response [EC2017]
 |f |
1  , | f |20
| H(f) | =  20
 0, | f |20
and phase response
arg {H(f)} =  2f.
If the input to the system is
x(t)=
     
8cos  20t 16sin  40t  24cos  80t   ,
 4  8  16 
then the average power of the output signal
y(t) is ________.
7. Consider the parallel combination of two
LTI system shown in the figure.
[EC2017]

The impulse response of the systems are

h1(t) = 2(t + 2)  3(t + 1)
h2(t) = (t  2)
If the input x(t) is a unit step signal, then
the energy of y(t) is ________.
8. Which one of the following is an eigen
function of the class of all continuous-time,
linear, time-invariant systems (u(t) denotes
the unit-step function)? [EC2016]
j0 t
(A) e u(t) (B) cos (0t)
j0 t
(C) e (D) sin (0t)
9. A continuous-time function x(t) is periodic
with period T. The function is sampled
uniformly with a sampling period Ts. In
which one of the following cases is the
sampled signal periodic? [EC2016]

(A) T = 2Ts (B) T = 1.2 Ts

(C) Always (D) Never
10. A first-order low-pass filter of time
constant T is excited with different input
signals (with zero initial conditions up to
t = 0). Match the excitation signals X, Y, Z
with the corresponding time response for
t  0: [EC2016]
t/T
X: Impulse P: 1  e
t/T
Y: Unit step Q: t  T(1  e )
t/T
Z: Ramp R: e
(A) X  R, Y  Q, Z  P
(B) X  Q, Y  P, Z  R
(C) X  R, Y  P, Z  Q
(D) X  P, Y  R, Z  Q
 sin(4t)
11. The energy of the signal x(t) = is
4t
_________ [EC2016]
 sin(t) sin(t)
12. If the signal x(t) = * with *
t t
denoting the convolution operation, then
x(t) is equal to [EC2016]

sin(t) sin(2t)
(A) (B)
t 2t
2
2sin(t)  sin(t) 
(C) (D)  
t  t 
13. The result of the convolution
x(t)  (t  t0) is [EC2015]

(A) x(t + t0) (B) x(t  t0)

(C) x(t + t0) (D) x(t  t0)
14. The waveform of a periodic signal x(t) is
shown in the figure. [EC2015]

 t1 
A signal g(t) is defined by g(t) = x  .
 2 
The average power of g(t) is _______.
15. The pole-zero diagram of a causal and
stable discrete-time system is shown in the
figure. The zero at the origin has
multiplicity 4. The impulse response of the
system is h[n]. If h[0] = 1, we can conclude
[EC2015]
(A) h[n] is real for all n
(B) h[n] is purely imaginary for all n
(C) h[n] is real for only even n
(D) h[n] is purely imaginary for only odd n
16. Let the signal f(t) = 0 outside the interval
[T1, T2], where T1 and T2 are finite.
Furthermore, | f(t) | < . The region of
convergence (RoC) of the signal's bilateral
Laplace transform F(s) is [EC2015]
(A) a parallel strip containing the j axis
(B) a parallel strip not containing the j
axis
(C) the entire s-plane
(D) a half plane containing the j axis
17. Input x(t) and output y(t) of an LTI system
are related by the differential equation y(t)
 y(t)  6y(t) = x(t). If the system is
neither causal nor stable, the impulse
response h(t) of the system is
1 3t 1 2t
(A) e u( t) e u( t) [EC2015]
5 5

1 3t 1 2t
(B)  e u( t) e u( t)
5 5
 1 3t 1 2t
(C) e u( t) e u(t)
5 5

1 3t 1 2t
(D)  e u( t) e u(t)
5 5
18. A zero mean white Gaussian noise having
N0
power spectral density is passed
2
through an LTI filter whose impulse
response h(t) is shown in the figure. The
variance of the filtered noise at t = 4 is
[EC2015]
 3 2 3 2
(A) A N 0 (B) A N 0
2 4

1 2
(C) A N 0
2
(D) A N 0
2
 t
19. Consider the function g(t) = e sin(2t)
u(t), where u(t) is the unit step function.
The area under g(t) is __________.
[EC2015]
  n
1
20. The value of  n   is _________.
n 0  2 
[EC2015]
21. The impulse response of an LTI system can
be obtained by [EC2015]
(A) differentiating the unit ramp response
(B) differentiating the unit step response
(C) integrating the unit ramp response
(D) integrating the unit step response
22. Consider a four-point moving average filter
defined by the equation
y[n] =  i0 i x[ni]. The condition on
3

the filter coefficients that results in a null at

zero frequency is [EC2015]
(A) 1 = 2 = 0; 0 = 3
(B) 1 = 2 = 1; 0 = 3
(C) 0 = 3 = 0; 1 = 2
(D) 1 = 2 = 0; 0 = 3
23. Two sequences x1[n] and x2[n] have the
same energy. Suppose x1[n] =  0.5 u[n],
n

where  is a positive real number and u[n]

is the unit step sequence. Assume
 1.5 forn0,1
x2[n] = 
 0 otherwise
Then the value of  is __________.
[EC2015]
 2
24. A discrete-time signal x[n] = sin( n), n
being an integer, is [EC2015]
(A) periodic with period .
(B) periodic with period  .
2

(C) periodic with period /2.

(D) not periodic.
25. A periodic signal x(t) has a trigonometric
Fourier series expansion [EC2017]

x(t) = a 0  (a n cosn0 tb n sinn0 t)
n 1

If x(t) = x(t) = x(t  /0) we can

conclude that
(A) an are zero for all n and bn are zero for
n even
(B) an are zero for all n and bn are zero for
n odd
(C) an are zero for n even and bn are zero
for n odd
(D) an are zero for n odd and bn are zero
for n even
26. Let x(t) be a continuous time periodic
signal with fundamental period T = 1
seconds. Let {ak} be the complex Fourier
series coefficients of x(t), where k is
integer valued. Consider the following
statements about x(3t): [EC2017]

I. The complex Fourier series

coefficients of x(3t) are {ak} where k is
integer valued
II. The complex Fourier series
coefficients of x(3t) are {3ak) where k
is integer valued
III. The fundamental angular frequency of
x(3t) is 6 rad/s
For the three statements above, which one
of the following is correct?
(A) only II and III are true
(B) only I and III are true
(C) only III is true
(D) only I is true
27. Two discrete-time signal x[n] and h[n] are
both non-zero only for n = 0, 1, 2, and are
zero otherwise. It is given that

x[0] = 1, x[1] = 2, x[2] = 1, h[0] = 1

Let y[n] be the linear convolution of x[n]

and h[n]. Given that y[1] = 3 and y[2] = 4,
the value of expression (10y[3] + y[4]) is
__________. [EC2017]
28. Let h[n] be the impulse response of a discrete-
time linear time invariant (LTI) filter. The
impulse response is given by
1 1 1
h[0] = ; h[1] = ; h[2] = ; and
3 3 3
h[n] = 0 for n < 0 and n > 2.
Let H() be the discrete-time Fourier transform
(DTFT) of h[n], where  is the normalized
angular frequency in radians. Given that H(0) =
and 0 < 0 < , the value of 0 (in radians) is
equal to _________. [EC2017]
29. Consider the signal
x[n] = 6[n + 2] + 3[n + 1] + 8[n] + 7[n
 1] + 4[n  2].
j
If X(e ) is the discrete-time Fourier
transform of x[n],

1

j
then X(e )sin 2
(2 ) d is equal to
 
_________ [EC2016]
30. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of
the 4-point sequence
x[n] = {x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3]} = {3, 2, 3, 4}
is
X[k] = {X[0], X[1], X[2], X[3]} = {12, 2j,
0, 2j}.
If X1[k] is the DFT of the 12-point sequence
x1[n] = {3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0}, the
X1[8]
value of is __________ [EC2016]
X1[11]
  2 
31. A signal 2 cos t   cos(t) is the input
 3 
to an LTI system with the transfer function
s s
H(s) = e + e
th
If Ck denotes the k coefficient in the
exponential Fourier series of the output
signal, then C3 is equal to [EC2016]
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
32. A continuous-time speech signal xa(t) is
sampled at a rate of 8 kHz and the samples are
subsequently grouped in blocks, each of size N.
The DFT of each block is to be computed in real
time using the radix-2 decimation-in-frequency
FFT algorithm. If the processor performs all
operations sequentially, and takes 20 s for
computing each complex multiplication
(including multiplications by 1 and −1) and the
time required for addition/subtraction is
negligible, then the maximum value of N is
_________ [EC2016]
33. The magnitude and phase of the complex
Fourier series coefficients ak of a periodic
signal x(t) are shown in the figure. Choose
the correct statement from the four choices
given. Notation: C is the set of complex
numbers, R is the set of purely real
numbers, and P is the set of purely
imaginary numbers.
[EC2015]
(A) x(t)  R
(B) x(t)  P
(C) x(t)  (C  R)
(D) the information given is not sufficient
to draw any conclusion about x(t)
34. Consider two real sequences with time-
origin marked by the bold value,
x1[n] = {1, 2, 3, 0}, x2[n] = {1, 3, 2, 1}

Let X1(k) and X2(k) be 4-point DFTs of

x1[n] and x2[n], respectively.
Another sequence x3[n] is derived by
taking 4-point inverse DFT of
X3(k) = X1(k) X2(k). The value of x3[2] is
____________. [EC2015]
  n 
35. Let x[n] = 1cos   be a periodic
 8 
signal with period 16. It DFS coefficients
are defined by
1 15
  
ak =  x[n]exp   j kn  for all k. The
16 n 0  8 
value of the coefficient a31 is __________.
[EC2015]
36. The complex envelope of the bandpass
 sin(t 5)   
signal x(t) =  2 sin  t   ,
 t 5   4
1
centered about f = Hz, is
2
[EC2015]
 
 sin(t 5)  j 4
(A)  t 5  e
 

 sin(t 5)   j 4
(B)  t 5 e
 

 sin(t 5)  j 4
(C) 2 e
 t 5 

 sin(t 5)   j 4
(D) 2 e
 t 5 
37. The Laplace transform of the causal
periodic square wave of period T shown in
the figure below is [EC2016]
 1
(A) F(s) =  sT/2
1 e
1
(B) F(s) =
  sT

s 1  e 2 
 
 
1
(C) F(s) =  sT
s(1  e )
1
(D) F(s) =  sT
1 e
38. The response of the system
s2
G(s) = to the unit step input
(s  1)(s  3)
u(t) is y(t).
dy +
The value of at t = 0 is _________
dt
[EC2016]
39. The bilateral Laplace transform of a
1if atb
function f(t) =  is
 0otherwise
[EC2015]
ab e (a  b)
s
(A) (B)
s s
 as  bs s(a  b)
e e e
(C) (D)
s s
 4t
40. Let x(t) =  s(t) + s(t) with s(t) =  e
u(t), where u(t) is unit step function. If the
bilateral Laplace transform of x(t) is
16
X(s) = 2 4Re{s}
 4;
s 16
then the value of  is __________.
[EC2015]
41. The state variable representation of a
system is given as
0 1  1 
x=  x ; x(0) =  
0 1 0 
y =  0 1 x
The response y(t) is [EC2015]

(A) sin(t) (B) 1  e t

(C) 1  cos(t) (D) 0

42. A network is described by the state model
is [EC2015]
x1 = 2 x1  x2 + 3u
x 2 = 4x2  u
y = 3x1  2x2
 Y(s) 
The transfer function H(s)   is
 U(s) 
  35
11s
(A)
(s2)(s4)
 35
11s
(B)
(s2)(s4)
 38
11s
(C)
(s2)(s4)
 38
11s
(D)
(s2)(s4)
43. Consider the sequence
n n
x[n] = a u[n] + b u[n], where u[n] denotes
the unit-step sequence and 0 < a < b < 1.
The region of convergence (ROC) of the
ztransform of x[n] is [EC2016]

(A) z  a (B) z  b
(C) z  a (D) a  z  b
44. A discrete-time signal x[n] = [n  3] +
2[n  5] has z-transform X(z). If Y
(z) = X(z) is the ztransform of another
signal y[n], then [EC2016]

(A) y[n] = x[n] (B) y[n] = x[n]

(C) y[n] = x[n] (D) y[n] = x[n]
45. The ROC (region of convergence) of the
z-transform of a discrete-time signal is
represented by the shaded region in the
n
z-plane. If the signal x[n] = (2.0) ,
 < n < +, then the ROC of its
z-transform is represented by
[EC2016]
(A) (B)

(C) (D)
46. The direct form structure of an FIR (finite
impulse response) filter is shown in the
figure. [EC2016]
The filter can be used to approximate a
(A) low-pass filter
(B) high-pass filter
(C) band-pass filter
(D) band-stop filter
47. Consider the signal s(t) = m(t) cos(2fct) +
m̂(t)sin(2fct) where m̂(t) denotes the
Hilbert transform of m(t) and the
bandwidth of m(t) is very small compared
to fc. The signal s(t) is a [EC2015]
(A) high-pass signal
(B) low-pass signal
(C) band-pass signal
(D) double sideband suppressed carrier
signal
48. Two causal discrete-time signals x[n] and
y[n] are related as y[n] =  m0 x[m]. If the
n

2
z-transform of y[n] is , the value of
z(z  1) 2

x[2] is __________. [EC2015]

 dx
49. Consider the differential equation = 10
dt
 0.2x with initial condition x(0) = 1. The
response x(t) for t > 0 is [EC2015]
0.2t
(A) 2  e (B) 2  e 0.2t
02t
(C) 50  49e (D) 50  49e 0.2t
50. Suppose x[n] is an absolutely summable
discrete-time signal. Its z-transform is a
rational function with two poles and two
zeroes. The poles are at z =  2j. Which
one of the following statements is TRUE
for the signal x[n]? [EC2015]
(A) It is a finite duration signal
(B) It is a causal signal
(C) It is a non-causal signal
(D) It is a periodic signal
51. A random binary wave y(t) is given by

y(t) =  X n p(tnT)
n
where p(t) = u(t)  u(t  T), u(t) is the unit
step function and  is an independent
random variable with uniform distribution
in [0, T]. The sequence {Xn} consists of
independent and identically distributed
binary valued random variable with
P{Xn = +1} = P{Xn = 1} = 0.5 for each n.
The value of the autocorrelation
 3T     3T  
R yy  E  y(t)y t   equals
 4    4 
________. [EC2015]
52. The signal x(t) = sin (14000t), where t is
in seconds, is sampled at a rate of 9000
samples per second. The sampled signal is
the input to an ideal lowpass filter with
frequency response H(f) as follows:
[EC2017]
 1, | f |12kHz
H(f) = 
0, | f |12kHz
What is the number of sinusoidal in the
output and their frequencies in kHz?
(A) Number = 1, frequency = 7
(B) Number = 3, frequencies = 2, 7, 11
(C) Number = 2, frequencies = 2, 7
(D) Number = 2, frequencies = 7, 11
53. A continuoustime sinusoid of frequency
33Hz is multiplied with a periodic Dirac
impulse train of frequency 46Hz. The
resulting signal is passed through an ideal
analog lowpass filter with a cutoff
frequency of 23Hz. The fundamental
frequency (in Hz) of the output is
________ [EC2016]
54. Consider the signal x(t) = cos(6t) +
sin(8t), where t is in seconds. The Nyquist
sampling rate (in samples/second) for the
signal y(t) = x(2t + 5) is [EC2016]

(A) 8 (B) 12
(C) 16 (D) 32
  
55. The signal cos 10t  is ideally
 4
sampled at a sampling frequency of 15 Hz.
The sampled signal is passed through a
filter with impulse response
 sin(t)   
 cos  40t . The filter output
 t   2
is [EC2015]
 15  
(A) cos  40t 
2  4
15  sin(t)   
(B)  cos 10t 
2  t   4
15  
(C) cos 10t 
2  4
15  sin(t)   
(D)  cos  40t 
2  t   2
56. X n n is an independent and identically
n 

distributed (i.i.d.) random process with Xn

equally likely to be +1 or 1. Yn n is
n 

another random process obtained as

Yn = Xn + 0.5 Xn1. The autocorrelation
function of Yn n , denoted by RY[k], is
n 

[EC2015]
(A) (B)

(C) (D)
57. Consider a continuous-time signal defined
as

 sin(t 2) 
x(t) =    (t10n)
 (t 2)  n

where '' denotes the convolution operation

and t is in second. The Nyquist sampling
rate (in samples/sec) for x(t) is
___________. [EC2015]
58. A continuous-time filter with transfer
2s  6
function H(s) = 2 is covered to a
s  6s  8
discrete-time filter with transfer function
2z  0.5032z
2
G(z) = 2 so that the impulse
z  0.5032zk
response of the continuous-time filter,
sampled at 2 Hz, is identical at the sampling
instants to the impulse response of the
discrete time filter. The value of k is
_________ [EC2016]
