Earth Sciences 1 Term; AY 2018-2019

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PONTIFICAL AND ROYAL

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITYOF THE PHILIPPINES
Senior High School – Science Department

1st Term / SY 2018-2019

ALTERNATIVE LEARNING TEACHING OPPORTUNITY:

NAME OF MEMBERS (CN & SURNAMES):
SECTION_______________
______________________ ______________________
ACTIVITY 3:
______________________ ______________________
MINERALS OF OUR EVERYDAY LIFE
______________________ ______________________
Date of Implementation Date Submitted ______________________ ______________________
_____________________ ___________________

MINERALS OF YOUR EVERYDAY LIFE

Minerals provide the material used to make most of the things of industrial- based society; RUBRIC:
roads, cars, computers, fertilizers, etc. Demand for minerals is increasing worldwide as the Content: /15
population increases and the consumption demands of individual people increase. The Cleanliness /5
mining of earth’s natural resources is, therefore accelerating, and it has accompanying On time submission /5_______
environmental consequences. TOTAL /25

A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and

abiogenic in origin. A mineral has one specific chemical composition, whereas a rock can be an aggregate of different minerals or
mineraloids. The study of minerals is called mineralogy.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this activity the student should be able to:
1. Define minerals
2. Understand the importance of mineral for our country’s development
3. List minerals found in the Philippines

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MATERIAL
Computer with internet connection
Prescribed text book
Earth Science book from the library

PROCEDURE
Time allotment: 40 minutes
1. Research for the list of minerals that we used everyday
2. Complete the table by writing the necessary information in the table.
3. Answer the guide questions.
GROUP OF DESCRIPTION OF MINERAL EXAMPLE OF MINERAL USE OF MINERAL IN
MINERAL OUR LIFE
1.
SILICATE Clay mineral composed of hydrated Eg. Talc Baby powder
magnesium silicate

NON-SILICATE Non-silicates are minerals that do not include the Halite (NaCl) - Table Salt
silicon-oxygen units characteristic of silicates. They - ceramic glazes
may contain oxygen, but not in combination with
silicon. Their structure tends to be more variable - metallurgy,
and less complex than that of the silicates, although - curing of hides,
they too can be subdivided into different classes - mineral waters,
based on their composition.
- soap
manufacture,

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- home water
softeners,
highway
- deicing,
- photography
scientific
equipment for
optical parts.
CARBONATES Carbonate, any member of two classes of Calcite (CaCO3) Used to make cement

chemical compounds derived from

carbonic acid or carbon dioxide (q.v.).
The inorganic carbonates are salts of
carbonic acid (H2CO3), containing the
carbonate ion, CO2/3-, and ions of metals
such as sodium or calcium. Inorganic
carbonates comprise many minerals
(see carbonate mineral) and are the
principal constituents of limestones and
dolomites; they also comprise the hard
parts of many marine invertebrates.
Organic carbonates are esters; that is,
compounds in which the hydrogen atoms
of carbonic acid have been replaced by
carbon-containing combining groups such
as ethyl, C2H5.
OXIDES An oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ is a chemical compound that Hematite (Fe2O3) Ore of iron
contains at least one oxygen atom and one other (Magnetite is another type of
element[1] in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is oxide!)
the dianion of oxygen, an O2– atom. Metal oxides thus
typically contain an anionof oxygen in the oxidation
state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of solid
oxides, the result of elements being oxidized by the

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oxygen in air or in water. Hydrocarbon combustion

affords the two principal carbon oxides: carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide. Even materials
considered pure elements often develop an oxide
coating.

SULFIDES The sulfide minerals are a class Pyrite (FeS2) Known as fool’s gold
of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) as the
major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically
important as metal ores. The sulfide class also
includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides,
the antimonides, the bismuthinides,
the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts.[1][2] Sulfide
minerals are inorganic compounds.

SULFATES The sulphate or sulfate (see spelling differences) Gypsum (CaSO4 (+2H2O)) Used to make plaster
ion is a polyatomicanion with the empirical
formula SO2−
4. Sulfate is the spelling recommended by IUPAC, but

sulphate is used in British English. Salts, acid

derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used
in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life.
Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are
prepared from that acid.

NATIVE ELEMENTS Native element minerals are those elements that Sulfur (S) An ingredient of drugs and
occur in nature in uncombined form with a chemicals
distinct mineral structure. The elemental class
includes metals and intermetallic elements, naturally
occurring alloys, semi-metals and non-metals.
The Nickel–Strunz classificationsystem also includes
the naturally
occurring phosphides, silicides, nitrides and carbides.

Essential questions
1. What characteristics must a substance have to be considered a mineral?

 For a substance to be considered as a mineral, it has to meet certain requirements such as naturally

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 occurring
 inorganic
 solid
 definite chemical composition
 ordered internal structure

"Naturally occurring" means that people did not make it. Steel is not a mineral because it is an alloy produced by people.
"Inorganic" means that the substance is not made by an organism. Wood and pearls are made by organisms and thus are
not minerals. "Solid" means that it is not a liquid or a gas at standard temperature and pressure.

"Definite chemical composition" means that all occurrences of that mineral have a chemical composition that varies within
a specific limited range. For example: the mineral halite (known as "rock salt" when it is mined) has a chemical
composition of NaCl. It is made up of an equal number of atoms of sodium and chlorine.

"Ordered internal structure" means that the atoms in a mineral are arranged in a systematic and repeating pattern. The
structure of the mineral halite is shown in the illustration on this page. Halite is composed of an equal ratio of sodium and
chlorine atoms arranged in a cubic pattern.

2. How are minerals obtained?

Minerals are naturally occurring elements or compounds that have been formed through slow inorganic processes and
occur in the earth’s crust. More than two-thousand minerals have been identified and most of these are inorganic, which
are formed by various combination of elements. Minerals can be metallic and non metallic. Remember - all the minerals
are non-renewable.

All materials - including fuel, water, metals etc. - needed by modern society are derived from the earth’s crust. The raw
material from which minerals are extracted is known as ore. Minerals are obtained from the ground by a process known
as 'mining'. There are two types of mining; surface mining and subsurface mining.

Some Minerals are extracted from the earth's surface. When the ore deposits are very large, a huge pit is created as
excavating machines scrape off the earth to reach the mineral ore. The ore is then taken away to be refined. The size of the

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ore bed increases as mining continues, and eventually, the pit becomes a very large bowl-shaped hole in the earth's
surface.

Sometimes, the ore is found in a very wide area but it's not very deep in the ground, the method used to remove the ore is
known as strip mining. Instead of creating one large pit in the ground, long, narrow trenches are dug out. Once the ore is
removed, the the soil dug out is dumped back into the strip, filling up the trenches.

Some minerals are found very deep below Earth's surface. To remove these minerals from the ground, subsurface mining
is employed. First, a deep hole is dug, at the end of which long tunnels are created horizontally in all directions. This is the
way minerals like Gold, Coal, etc are obtained. Usually, the ore is embedded in rocks, so one way is to blast apart the
material and then send the ore pieces up to the surface. Another method is known as longwall mining,which is when
coal is sheared from the wall and collected on a conveyor belt to be taken up. This is a very efficient way of extracting coal
from an underground mine. Another method is solution mining, which is when hot water is injected into the ore to
dissolve it. Once the ore is dissolved, air is pumped into it, and it's bubbled up to the surface.

6. Explain the role of minerals in our modern society

Every segment of society uses minerals and mineral resources everyday. The roads we ride or drive on and the
buildings we live learn and work in all contain minerals. Below is a selected list of commonly used metallic and
nonmetallic minerals, ore minerals, mineral byproducts, aggregates, and rock types that are used to make products
we use in our daily life.

NOTE: Iparaphrase o summarize na lang natin yung mga answers 😊. GOD BLESS!

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Prepared by:

Arleen B. Alferos, MSc.

Reference:
Reynolds, Stephen J. and Johnson, Julia K. (2016) Earth Science, Mc Graw Hill
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/environment/minerals/mineral-resources-definition-types-use-and-exploitation-with-statistics-
and-diagram/28169/

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