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HTML5 Tutorial

The document provides an overview of HTML and teaches the basics of HTML elements through examples. It explains that HTML is used to create web pages and is easy to learn. It includes sections on HTML headings, paragraphs, links, and images. It also covers HTML document structure, tags, attributes, and nested elements.

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Ullysses Camero
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
249 views

HTML5 Tutorial

The document provides an overview of HTML and teaches the basics of HTML elements through examples. It explains that HTML is used to create web pages and is easy to learn. It includes sections on HTML headings, paragraphs, links, and images. It also covers HTML document structure, tags, attributes, and nested elements.

Uploaded by

Ullysses Camero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML5 Tutorial

❮ HomeNext ❯

With HTML you can create your own Web site.

This tutorial teaches you everything about HTML.

HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it.

Examples in Every Chapter

This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples.

With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Page Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>This is a Heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

Click on the "Try it Yourself" button to see how it works.

HTML Examples

At the end of the HTML tutorial, you can find more than 200 examples.

With our online editor, you can edit and test each example yourself.

Go to HTML Examples!

HTML Exercises and Quiz Test

Test your HTML skills at W3Schools!

Start HTML Quiz!

Start HTML Exercises!

HTML References

At W3Schools you will find complete references about tags, attributes, events, color names, entities,
character-sets, URL encoding, language codes, HTTP messages, and more.

HTML Tag Reference

HTML Exam - Get Your Diploma!


W3Schools' Online Certification

The perfect solution for professionals who need to balance work, family, and career building.

More than 10 000 certificates already issued!

Get Your Certificate »

The HTML Certificate documents your knowledge of HTML.

The CSS Certificate documents your knowledge of advanced CSS.

The JavaScript Certificate documents your knowledge of JavaScript and HTML DOM.

The jQuery Certificate documents your knowledge of jQuery.

The PHP Certificate documents your knowledge of PHP and SQL (MySQL).

The XML Certificate documents your knowledge of XML, XML DOM and XSLT.

The Bootstrap Certificate documents your knowledge of the Bootstrap framework.


HTML Introduction

❮ PreviousNext ❯

What is HTML?

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages

HTML elements are represented by tags

HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on

Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page

A Simple HTML Document

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Page Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>


</body>

</html>

Try it Yourself »

Example Explained

The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines this document to be HTML5

The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page

The <head> element contains meta information about the document

The <title> element specifies a title for the document

The <body> element contains the visible page content

The <h1> element defines a large heading

The <p> element defines a paragraph

HTML Tags

HTML tags are element names surrounded by angle brackets:

<tagname>content goes here...</tagname>

HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p>

The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag

The end tag is written like the start tag, but with a forward slash inserted before the tag name

Tip: The start tag is also called the opening tag, and the end tag the closing tag.

Web Browsers

The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, IE, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them.

The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document:
HTML Page Structure

Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>

<head>

<title>Page title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

Note: Only the content inside the <body> section (the white area above) is displayed in a browser.

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages
correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML is:

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML Versions

Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of HTML:

Version Year

HTML 1991

HTML 2.0 1995

HTML 3.2 1997

HTML 4.01 1999

XHTML 2000

HTML5 2014
HTML Editors

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Write HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit

Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.

However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac).

We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the four steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.

Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)

Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.

Windows 7 or earlier:

Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad

Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac)


Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit

Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences > Format >
choose "Plain Text"

Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Ignore rich text commands in HTML files".

Then open a new document to place the code.

Step 2: Write Some HTML

Write or copy some HTML into Notepad.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

Step 3: Save the HTML Page

Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.
Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding for HTML
files).

You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference, it is up to you.

Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser

Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click - and choose
"Open with").

The result will look much like this:


HTML Basic Examples

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Don't worry if these examples use tags you have not learned.

You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Documents

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>


</body>

</html>

Try it Yourself »

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

Example

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

<h2>This is heading 2</h2>

<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

Try it Yourself »

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it Yourself »

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:

Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">


HTML Elements

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HTML Elements

An HTML element usually consists of a start tag and end tag, with the content inserted in between:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br>

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag,
such as the <br> element (which indicates a line break).

Nested HTML Elements

HTML elements can be nested (elements can contain elements).


All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

This example contains four HTML elements:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

Try it Yourself »

Example Explained

The <html> element defines the whole document.

It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.

The element content is another HTML element (the <body> element).

<html>

<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

The <body> element defines the document body.

It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.

The element content is two other HTML elements (<h1> and <p>).

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

The <h1> element defines a heading.

It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>.

The element content is: My First Heading.

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


The <p> element defines a paragraph.

It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.

The element content is: My first paragraph.

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Do Not Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:

Example

<html>

<body>

<p>This is a paragraph

<p>This is a paragraph

</body>

</html>

Try it Yourself »

The example above works in all browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.

Never rely on this. It might produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag.

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).

Empty elements can be "closed" in the opening tag like this: <br />.

HTML5 does not require empty elements to be closed. But if you want stricter validation, or if you need
to make your document readable by XML parsers, you must close all HTML elements properly.

Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML5 standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends lowercase in HTML, and
demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase tags.


HTML Attributes

❮ PreviousNext ❯

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

All HTML elements can have attributes

Attributes provide additional information about an element

Attributes are always specified in the start tag

Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

The lang Attribute

The language of the document can be declared in the <html> tag.

The language is declared with the lang attribute.


Declaring a language is important for accessibility applications (screen readers) and search engines:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en-US">

<body>

...

</body>

</html>

The first two letters specify the language (en). If there is a dialect, use two more letters (US).

The title Attribute

Here, a title attribute is added to the <p> element. The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a
tooltip when you mouse over the paragraph:

Example

<p title="I'm a tooltip">

This is a paragraph.

</p>

Try it Yourself »

The href Attribute

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>


Try it Yourself »

You will learn more about links and the <a> tag later in this tutorial.

Size Attributes

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The filename of the source (src), and the size of the image (width and height) are all provided as
attributes:

Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142">

Try it Yourself »

The image size is specified in pixels: width="104" means 104 screen pixels wide.

You will learn more about images and the <img> tag later in this tutorial.

The alt Attribute

The alt attribute specifies an alternative text to be used, when an image cannot be displayed.

The value of the attribute can be read by screen readers. This way, someone "listening" to the webpage,
e.g. a blind person, can "hear" the element.

Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

Try it Yourself »

We Suggest: Use Lowercase Attributes


The HTML5 standard does not require lowercase attribute names.

The title attribute can be written with uppercase or lowercase like title or TITLE.

W3C recommends lowercase in HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names.

We Suggest: Quote Attribute Values

The HTML5 standard does not require quotes around attribute values.

The href attribute, demonstrated above, can be written as:

Example

<a href=https://www.w3schools.com>

Try it Yourself »

W3C recommends quotes in HTML, and demands quotes for stricter document types like XHTML.

Sometimes it is necessary to use quotes. This example will not display the title attribute correctly,
because it contains a space:

Example

<p title=About W3Schools>

Try it Yourself »

Using quotes are the most common. Omitting quotes can produce errors.

At W3Schools we always use quotes around attribute values.


Single or Double Quotes?

Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes can also be
used.

In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to use single
quotes:

<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>

Or vice versa:

<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">

Chapter Summary

All HTML elements can have attributes

The title attribute provides additional "tool-tip" information

The href attribute provides address information for links

The width and height attributes provide size information for images

The alt attribute provides text for screen readers

At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names

At W3Schools we always quote attribute values with double quotes

Test Yourself with Exercises!

Exercise 1 » Exercise 2 » Exercise 3 » Exercise 4 » Exercise 5 »

HTML Attributes

Below is an alphabetical list of some attributes often used in HTML:


Attribute Description

alt Specifies an alternative text for an image, when the image cannot be d

HTML Headings

❮ PreviousNext ❯

Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

<h2>This is heading 2</h2>


<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

<h4>This is heading 4</h4>

<h5>This is heading 5</h5>

<h6>This is heading 6</h6>

Try it Yourself »

Note: Browsers automatically add some white space (a margin) before and after a heading.

Headings Are Important

Search engines use the headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.

Users skim your pages by its headings. It is important to use headings to show the document structure.

<h1> headings should be used for main headings, followed by <h2> headings, then the less important
<h3>, and so on.

Note: Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.

HTML Horizontal Rules

The <hr> tag defines a thematic break in an HTML page, and is most often displayed as a horizontal rule.

The <hr> element is used to separate content (or define a change) in an HTML page:

Example

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

<p>This is some text.</p>

<hr>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>

<p>This is some other text.</p>

<hr>

Try it Yourself »

The HTML <head> Element

The HTML <head> element has nothing to do with HTML headings.

The <head> element is a container for metadata. HTML metadata is data about the HTML document.
Metadata is not displayed.

The <head> element is placed between the <html> tag and the <body> tag:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>My First HTML</title>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

</head>

<body>

Try it Yourself »
Note: Metadata typically define the document title, character set, styles, links, scripts, and other meta
information.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View Source" (in IE), or
similar in another browser. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

Test Yourself with Exercises!

Exercise 1 » Exercise 2 » Exercise 3 » Exercise 4 »

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.

You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.

Tag Description

<html> Defines the root of an HTML document

<body> Defines the document's body

<head> A container for all the head elements (title, scripts, styles, meta information, and more)

<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings

<hr> Defines a thematic change in the content


HTML Paragraphs

❮ PreviousNext ❯

HTML Paragraphs

The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

Note: Browsers automatically add some white space (a margin) before and after a paragraph.
HTML Display

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed.

Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.

With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.

The browser will remove any extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed:

Example

<p>

This paragraph

contains a lot of lines

in the source code,

but the browser

ignores it.

</p>

<p>

This paragraph

contains a lot of spaces

in the source code,

but the browser

ignores it.

</p>
Try it Yourself »

Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.

<p>This is another paragraph.

Try it Yourself »

The example above will work in most browsers, but do not rely on it.

Note: Dropping the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.

HTML Line Breaks

The HTML <br> element defines a line break.

Use <br> if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example

<p>This is<br>a paragraph<br>with line breaks.</p>

Try it Yourself »

The <br> tag is an empty tag, which means that it has no end tag.

The Poem Problem

This poem will display on a single line:


Example

<p>

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

</p>

Try it Yourself »

The HTML <pre> Element

The HTML <pre> element defines preformatted text.

The text inside a <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width font (usually Courier), and it preserves both
spaces and line breaks:

Example

<pre>

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.


</pre>

Try it Yourself »

Test Yourself with Exercises!

Exercise 1 » Exercise 2 » Exercise 3 » Exercise 4 »

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about HTML elements and their attributes.

Tag Description

<p> Defines a paragraph

<br> Inserts a single line break

<pre> Defines pre-formatted text

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