COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING
Department of Civil & Geological Engineering

CE 463.3 – Advanced Structural Analysis

Lab 3 – SAP2000 Beam and Frame Structures

February 06th, 2013

T.A: Ouafi Saha Professor: M. Boulfiza

1. Continuous Beam http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skScVFEefRw

Units t, m, C
Mat. Concrete
Self Weight = 0

New features: Elaborated Loads, Local Axis

Load pattern possibilities

The most used, but not the only possibility, is the distributed load over frame elements.
You can access it by selecting the frame element, then Menu Assign > Frame Loads > Distributed …
Other Possibility for
Select Load Name
Unit conv

Force or Moment?
Possible way of
combination
Coordinate System
and Direction

Up to four definition
points for the load At relative or absolute
distance from node i

Make sure to select

the right option Value of the load

To used in case of
uniform load over the
whole frame element

Local axes rotation

For the local axis convention refer to the supplementary document, available on the class web site. The
angular unit in SAP2000 is the degree.
Let’s try to rotate the right end support by 30° counter clockwise.

1
Select the extreme right node, Menu Assign > Joints > Local Axis …

Why -30?

Displacement loading.
Try to find and explore. In which kind of situation should we use it?

Questions:
- What are the extreme vertical deflections of the beam?
- What are the reactions at each support?
- Plot the internal forces and moment diagrams.
- What about the axial force after support rotation?

2. Simple Frame with enhanced loading and different cross sections

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1R0hE9RdkA

3 t/m
Units t, m, C
4t Mat. Concrete
60
Self Weight = 0
3.0
P 25
2 t/m 6 t.m
4t
1.5 1.5 2.5
125
l/2 5t
15
4.0
55
l/2

25
6.0 5.0 3.0
Sections in cm

New features: Sections, Display, Local Axes Visualisation

Section possibilities
For the Tee section go to Menu Define > Section Properties > Frame Sections …
Click on Add New Property… then Select type Steel and section Tee
For Dimensions Name Convention refer to the supplementary document (available on the class web
site).

2
 Name

Material,
4000 Psi for
Concrete

t3 =70 cm Quick
t2 =125 cm preview of
tf =15 cm the Section
tw =25 cm

Axis Visualization and Extruded View

To change the visualisation default options, use Menu View, Set Display Options (Ctrl+E)
Check Frame/Cables/Tendons Local Axes and Extrude View.

Questions:
- What values, distances, and directions should we use for the two intermediate concentrated loads?
Check supplementary document.
- Extract all results for point P (Displacement and internal forces).
- Plot internal forces diagrams (N, T, and M)
- What would happen if we forget to modify the concrete material?

3. Load Combination (ref. CE321)

WD PD
Dead Load =
WD = 10 kN/m
and PD = 60kN

Live Load =
L1 = 15 kN/m

Live Load =
L2 = 15 kN/m
Units kN, m, C
Material Concrete
2
Section 300x650mm
5m 2.5m Self-Weight included
in Dead Load

New features: Load Combination, Output stations, Tabular Output.

3
Load Combination
Use Menu Define with Load Patterns, Load Cases, and Load Combinations commands.

We define first three load patterns D, L1, L2 as linear static.

When assigning the loads, make sure to assign them to the appropriate load pattern.
Define the load combinations.

Consider the following combinations:

1.4 D
1.25 D + 1.5 L1
1.25 D + 1.5 L2
1.25 D + 1.5 (L1 + L2)
0.9 D + 1.5 L1
0.9 D + 1.5 L2
0.9 D + 1.5 (L1 + L2)

Output stations
By default SAP2000 uses 1 intermediate point (on top of the two end nodes) to show internal forces.
When this is not sufficient, it is recommended to use more intermediate points. Five to nine output
stations seems to be reasonable.
Select the elements for which you want to modify the output station, and go to Menu Assign > Frame >
Output Stations…

Tabular Output
Graphic output is very friendly and useful, but sometimes difficult to analyse or to visualise. An
exhaustive listing of the input and/or output is in these cases inevitable. To see the structure parameters
in tabular form use Menu Display > Show Tables… or Ctrl + T
There are many functionalities to explore.

4
Questions
- Which one, of the previous combinations, gives the Maximum Positive Moment and which one gives
the Maximum Negative Moment?
- Why is it important to consider the combination 0.9 D since it is smaller than 1.25 D?
- Plot the linear envelope for these seven combinations.

4. Multi Story Building

3m

Units kN, m, C
3m

Mat. Steel
Self Weight = 0
Beam S10x35
Column1 W10x45
4m

Column2 W10x15

6m 6m 5m 7m

New features: Modify Grid, Editing, Selection

5
Choose 2D Frames from the new model. Enter portal Frame Dimensions as shown below.

For Section Properties click on button to access the sections dialogue box.
Click on Import New Property… then select material steel and click on I / Wide Flange.

Then Select S10x35 for beams and select W10x45 for columns.

Modify Grid according to our example

Menu Define > Coordinate Systems/Grids… click on Modify/Show System…
Change Values for coordinates X and Z Grid Data as required such as X (-12,-6,0,5,12) and Z
(0,4,7,10) and check Glue to Grid Lines box.

Another way to reach the same result is to use Menu Edit > Move and/or Replicate

Selection
- Selection of the basement nodes (difference between right and left)
- Selection by Element Properties
- Selection by Coordinate Specification

Questions:
- Find the position and the value of the Maximum Base Reactions.
- Find the position and the value of the Maximum horizontal displacement.
- What change would you suggest for the structure to be more balanced?
- Do the same Analysis assuming the horizontal forces multiplied by two. Is it possible to implement
the change in a single action?