Analysis of Steel Structure Subjected To Fire
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IJRASETPublicationsAnalysis of Steel Structure Subjected To Fire
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IJRASETPublicationsInternational Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue VIII, August 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com
Analysis of Steel Structure Subjected to Fire
Sushanth V Shetty1, Dr. M.N Hegde2
1 2
PG student, Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
Abstract: In the present Study, The steel structure is analysed which is subjected to fire damage. The response1of the structure is
find out due to loss of column due to fire load. The comparison are drawn for the before and after effect of fire. The static
strength of the structure is found for fire loading. And also actual static strength required for existing fire damage structure. The
static and Progressive collapse analysis are performed and the conclusions are drawn are Effect of fire on steel structure is a
significant factor in order to achieve safety and serviceability aspects, since an uplift movement or deformation has been
observed in case of static analysis. The effect of fire at ground floor has significant change in DCR values at upper levels which
indicates the redistribution of moments of columns at different levels. Columns moment carrying capacity decreases with the
increase in fire temperature loads hence strengthening has to be done in order to enhance the its moment carrying capacity,
which is evident from the present study.
Keywords: Deformation, Progressive Collapse, Demand Capacity Ratio, Temperature, Etabs
I. INTRODUCTION
Structural steel is used widely all over the world. It has its own advantage of customizing of its own kind. It avoids brittle failure
because of its ductile behaviour and discrete sizes available i n a r a n g e , which allows plastic deformation upon yielding. In
Reinforced Concrete structures, steel improves the2concrete tensile strength1 by a l on e carrying1 the tensile1forces. It will be
also1commonly1used to1reinforce- timber1constructions. In1spite1of its many1 advantages, steel has its own is1 vulnerable in
fire. Raised up1 temperatures in1 the structural steel1 cause decrease in strength1and also in stiffness1which ultimately
leads1to1failure of structure due1to excessive1deformations. This1is critical in1steel structures in compared1with other RC
concrete1or timber1members. Fire has always been a very disparaging natural phenomenon. People have lost valuable goods, lives,
estates on number of occasion, because of fire accidents. In other way, fire has also been used as weapon contrary to enemy
structure, fortification, and houses. It is severing damaging effects on the structure, which could be range from a building being
functionally deactivated up to the collapse, has being known from centuries.
If it is not properly treated then the fire has boundless capacity to harm human life. It may lead to loss of human life / property. In
recent days usage of steel structure is more and its industries is booming, which intern requires more careful treatment to fire and also
care shall be taken and studied further. In1this segment a1brief2review on aspects1of0structural1steel1work, which is
subjected2to1fire is provided. If the temperature increase, the engineering properties of all the materials undergoes reduction. Steel
is no1exception. However, key advantage1of structural steel1is, it is an incombustible1and it1can easily fully1recover its strength
after fire accident. Many a times1during a fire structural steel1absorbs a substantial amount1of thermal energy. After this
exposure1to fire, steel1returns to its stable condition after cool down to ambient1temperature.
II. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY
A. Objectives
1) To analyses the steel structure subjected of fire damage
2) Analyze the response of structure due to loss of column due to fire load
3) To compare the structural response before and after fire
4) To find the static strength of structure subjected to fire load
5) To find the actual static strength required for existing fire damaged structure
B. Methodology
1) Types of Analysis- static analysis, progressive analysis collapse
2) In the present chapter, the general step by step procedure of modelling the building is explained. The similar modelling
procedure is used to models various other models and for different height builds. There are 6 models has been done in this
project.
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue VIII, August 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com
a) Model 1- steel structure
b) Model 2- steel structure with fire load (500 degrees) for bottom column location as per GSA Specification
c) Model 3- steel structure with fire load (700 degrees) for bottom column location as per GSA Specification
d) Model 4- steel structure with fire load (1500 degrees) for bottom column location as per GSA Specification
e) Model 5- steel structure with loss of bottom column (location as per GSA Specification)
f) Model 6- steel structure with additional steel section for bottom column (location as per GSA Specification)
i) Material properties- M30 grade concrete, Fe 500 grade reinforcing steel, Fe 350 grade structural steel
Figure 1: Columns under Fire loading at ground floor as per GSA specifications
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Figure 2: Maximum Building Deformation mm (Due to Fire)
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue VIII, August 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com
A. Progressive Collapse
Table 1: DCR values of Columns at 500 degrees
Figure 3: Variation of DCR - Columns at 500 degrees
Due to increase in temperature from 25 degrees to 500 degrees, DCR values are found to increase more than 200% at
all the levels particularly at level 2 as shown in Fig. 2.
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue VIII, August 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com
Table: 2 DCR values of Columns at 750 degrees
Figure 4: Variation of DCR - Columns at 750 degrees
Table: 3 DCR values of Columns at 1500 degrees
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue VIII, August 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com
Figure 5: Variation of DCR - Columns at 1500 degrees
DCR values are observed to increase with increase in temperature for 750 degree and 1500 degrees. A progressive
collapse condition exists due to increase in DCR values at C1 column as shown in Table 3.
Table: 4: DCR values of Columns at 1500 degrees after column strengthening
Figure 6- Variation of DCR values of Columns at 1500 degrees after column strengthening
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue VIII, August 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com
From the Fig.6 is can be observed that due to column strengthening, progressive collapse can be avoided since DCR values are
below 2.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on1the results and1discussions, the1following conclusions are drawn,
A. Effect of fire on steel structure is a significant factor in order to achieve safety and serviceability aspects, since an
uplift movement or deformation has been observed in case of static analysis.
B. From the progress collapse analysis, it can be concluded that, DCR values are most significant in predicting the
stability of the overall structure.
C. The effect of fire at ground floor has significant change in DCR values at upper levels which indicates the redistribution
of moments of columns at different levels.
D. Progressive collapse analysis critical columns can be identified and strengthened prior to accidental incidents which avoids
the collapse of the partial or entire structure.
REFERENCES
[1] Frantisek Wald, Luis Simoes da Silva, David Moore and Aldina Santiago; “Experimental behavior of a steel structure under natural fire”, ECCS, AISC,
Workshop, June 2004.
[2] Florian M. Block, Ian W. Burgess and J. Buick Davison; “Numerical and analytical studies of joint component behavior in fire”, Third international workshop,
Structures in fire, Ottawa, May-2004.
[3] Frantisek Wald, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, “Fire engineering of steel structures”, 2008.
[4] Ian Burgess, “The Robustness of Steel Connections in Fire”, 9th International Conference on Steel1Concrete Composite and1Hybrid Structures. Leeds, UK, 8–
10 July 2009.
[5] Adeeb Rahman, Rami Hawileh, and Mustafa Mahamid, Performance of shear tab steel connections used in high rise buildings due to fire loading, University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
[6] Izzuddin BA, Vlassis AG, Elghazouli AY, Nethercot DA. Progressive1collapse of multi-storey1buildings due to sudden column loss—Part II: Application.
Engineering1Structures. 2008; 30:1424–38.
[7] Sun R, Huang Z, Burgess IW. Progressive1collapse1analysis of steel1structures under1fire1conditions. Engineering Structures. 2011; 34:400–13.
