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Answer For Question No. 3

The document provides answers to various parts of question 3 regarding the kinetic energy, potential energy, equations of motion, and natural frequencies of a 3-body spring-mass system. 3(a)-(b) Give expressions for the total kinetic and potential energy of the system. 3(c) Derive three simultaneous equations of motion using Lagrange's approach. 3(d) Write the equations of motion in matrix form. 3(e) Give the dynamic matrix [A] of the system in terms of the mass and spring constants. 3(f) Find the natural frequencies and mode shapes when the masses and spring constants are equal to 1. The frequencies are calculated to be

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Yani Nurchayati
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34 views5 pages

Answer For Question No. 3

The document provides answers to various parts of question 3 regarding the kinetic energy, potential energy, equations of motion, and natural frequencies of a 3-body spring-mass system. 3(a)-(b) Give expressions for the total kinetic and potential energy of the system. 3(c) Derive three simultaneous equations of motion using Lagrange's approach. 3(d) Write the equations of motion in matrix form. 3(e) Give the dynamic matrix [A] of the system in terms of the mass and spring constants. 3(f) Find the natural frequencies and mode shapes when the masses and spring constants are equal to 1. The frequencies are calculated to be

Uploaded by

Yani Nurchayati
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Answers for question number 3

3(a) .The total kinetic energy of the system

1 1 1
𝐾 = 2 𝑚1 𝑥1̇ + 𝑚 𝑥̇ + 𝑚3 𝑥3̇
2 2 2 2

3(b). The total potential energy of the given system

1 1 1 1
𝑉 = 2 𝑘1 𝑥1 2 + 2 𝑘2 (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + 𝑘 (𝑥 − 𝑥3 )2 + 𝑘4 𝑥3 2
2 3 2 2

3(c). Three simultaneous of the given system

Based on Lagrange approach, L = K - V, L = L

∂L
= - k1 x1 − k 2 (x1 − x2 ) ………. (1)
∂x1

∂L
= k 2 (x1 − x2 ) − k 3 (x2 − x3 ) ….… (2)
∂x2

∂L
= k 3 (x2 − x3 ) − k 4 x3 ……………. (3)
∂x3

3(d). The equations of motion in a concise matrix form of the system

m1 0 0 x1̈ k1 + k 2 −k 2 0 x1
[0 m2 0 ] [x2̈ ] + [ −k 2 k2 + k3 x
−k 2 ] [ 2 ] = 0
0 0 m3 x3̈ 0 −k 3 k 3 + k 4 x3

3(e). The dynamic matrix [A] of the system

The matrix [A] is given by;


[A] = [m]-1 [k]

m1 0 0 −1 k1 + k 2 −k 2 0
Hence; [A] = [ 0 m2 0 ] [ −k 2 k2 + k3 −k 2 ]
0 0 m3 0 −k 3 k3 + k4

3(f). If 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 𝑚3 = 1 and 𝑘1 = 𝑘2 = 𝑘3 = 𝑘4 = 1

The natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shape are needed.

1 0 0 −1 2 −1 0
[A] = [ 0 1 0 ] [−1 2 −1]
0 0 1 0 −1 2

Calculating the matrix [A] from the Smath,

2 −1 0
Hence, [A] = [−1 2 −1]
0 −1 2

From the Eigen value we can calculate the natural frequency,

det [[A] –λ [I]] = 0 and also ω = √λ

0.67 0.33 0.17


det [A] = 6, therefore [A]-1 = [0.33 0.67 0.33]
0 0 0.5

1 0 0
-1
[I] = [A] . [A] = [ 0 1 0]
0 0 1

𝑚1 1
V = [𝑚2 ] = [1] for the first operation
𝑚3 1
By using Smath

Iteration 1:

1.17
V1 = [A]-1 . V = [1.33] , λ1 = V11
0.5

V1n = V1 / λ1, λ1 = 1.17 and ω1 = √λ1 = √1.17 = 1.08 rad/sec

ω1 1.08
Frequency, f1 = = = 0.172 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋 2𝜋

1
Therefore, V1n = V1 / λ1 = [1.14]
0.43

Iteration 2:

1.12
V2 = [A] -1
. V1n = [1.24] , λ2 = V21
0.21

1
λ2 = 1.12, V2n = V2 / λ2 = [1.11] , and ω2 = √λ2 = √1.12 = 1.058 rad/sec
0.19

ω2 1.058
Frequency, f2 = = = 0.168 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋 2𝜋

|λ2 − λ1 | = 0.05, for satisfying the value approaching zero


Iteration 3:

1.07
V3 = [A] -1
. V2n = [ 1.14 ] , λ3 = V31
0.095

1
λ3 = 1.07, V3n = V3 / λ3 = [ 1.07 ] , and ω3 = √λ3 = √1.07 = 1.034 rad/sec
0.089

ω3 1.034
Frequency, f3 = = = 0.165 Hz
2𝜋 2𝜋

|λ3 − λ2 | = |1.07 − 1.12 | = 0.05, for satisfying the value approaching zero

ω λ

1.08 1.17

1.058 1.12

1.034 1.07
Corresponding mode shapes

f1 f2 f3
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4

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