Problem 01

Water is flowing into a vertical cylindrical tank at the rate of 24 ft3/min. If the radius of
the tank is 4 ft, how fast is the surface rising?

Solution 01

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Volume of water:

answer

Problem 02
Water flows into a vertical cylindrical tank at 12 ft3/min, the surface rises 6 in/min. Find
the radius of the tank.

Solution 02

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Volume of water:

answer

Problem 03
A rectangular trough is 10 ft long and 3 ft wide. Find how fast the surface rises, if water
flows in at the rate of 12 ft3/min.

Solution 03

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Volume of water:

answer

Problem 04
A triangular trough 10 ft long is 4 ft across the top, and 4 ft deep. If water flows in at
the rate of 3 ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising when the water is 6 in deep.

Solution 04

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Volume of water:

By similar triangle:

when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft

answer

Problem 05
A triangular trough is 10 ft long, 6 ft wide across the top, and 3 ft deep. If water flows
in at the rate of 12 ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising when the water is 6 in
deep.

Solution 05

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Volume of water:

By similar triangle:

when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft

answer

Problem 06
A ladder 20 ft long leans against a vertical wall. If the top slides downward at the rate
of 2 ft/sec, find how fast the lower end is moving when it is 16 ft from the wall.

Solution 06

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when x = 16 ft

answer

Problem 7
In Problem 6, find the rate of change of the slope of the ladder.

Solution 07

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From the figure in Solution 6 above

where
x = 16 ft
y = 12 ft
dx/dt = 1.5 ft/sec
dy/dt = -2 ft/sec
 answer

Problem 08
A man 6 ft tall walks away from a lamp post 16 ft high at the rate of 5 miles per hour.
How fast does the end of his shadow move?

Solution 08

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answer

Problem 09
In Problem 08, how fast does the shadow lengthen?

Solution 09

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 answer

Problem 08
A man 6 ft tall walks away from a lamp post 16 ft high at the rate of 5 miles per hour.
How fast does the end of his shadow move?

Solution 08

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answer

Problem 09
In Problem 08, how fast does the shadow lengthen?

Solution 09

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answer
Problem 10
A boy on a bike rides north 5 mi, then turns east (Fig. 47). If
he rides 10 mi/hr, at what rate does his distance to the starting
point S changing 2 hour after he left that point?

Solution 10

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For 5 miles:

when t = 2 hrs

answer

Problem 11
A train starting at noon, travels north at 40 miles per hour. Another train starting from
the same point at 2 PM travels east at 50 miles per hour. Find, to the nearest mile per
hour, how fast the two trains are separating at 3 PM.

Solution 11

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at 3 PM, t = 3

answer

Problem 12
In Problem 11, how fast the trains are separating after along time?

Solution 12

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After a long time, t = ∞

answer

Problem 13
A trapezoidal trough is 10 ft long, 4 ft wide at the top, 2 ft wide at the bottom and 2 ft
deep. If water flows in at 10 ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising, when the water
is 6 in deep.

Solution 13
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Volume of water:

From the figure:

when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft

answer

Problem 14
For the trough in Problem 13, how fast the water surface is rising when the water is 1
foot deep.

Solution 14

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From the Solution 13

When y = 1 ft

answer
Problem 15
A light at eye level stands 20 ft from a house and 15 ft from the path leading from the
house to the street. A man walks along the path at 6 ft per sec. How fast does his
shadow move along the wall when he is 5 ft from the house?

Solution 15

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From the figure:
when y = 5 ft

answer

Problem 16
In Problem 15, when the man is 5 ft from the house, find the time-rate of change of
that portion of his shadow which lies on the ground.

Solution 16

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By Pythagorean Theorem:

From Solution 15, when y = 5 ft

dx/dt = 8 ft/sec and
x = 15(5)/(20 - 5) = 5 ft, then
s = √(x2 + y2) = √(52 + 52) = 5√2 ft

Thus,

answer

Problem 17
A light is placed on the ground 30 ft from a building. A man 6 ft tall walks from the light
toward the building at the rate of 5 ft/sec. Find the rate at which the length of his
shadow is changing when he is 15 ft from the building.

Solution 17
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By similar triangle:

when x = 30 - 15 = 15 ft

answer

The negative sign in the answer indicates that the length of the shadow is shortening.

Problem 18
Solve Problem 17, if the light is 10 ft above the ground.

Solution 18

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By similar triangle:

when x = 30 - 15 = 15 ft

answer
Problem 19
One city A, is 30 mi north and 55 mi east of another city, B. At noon, a car starts west
from A at 40 mi/hr, at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from B at 60 mi/hr. Find, in
two ways, when the cars will be nearest together.

Solution 19

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1st Solution (Specific):

The figure to the right shows the position of the cars when they are nearest to each other.

Time: 12:39 PM answer

2nd Solution (General):

From the figure shown in the right:
 where:

Thus,

when ds/dt = 0

Time: 12:39 PM answer

Problem 20
For the condition of Problem 19, draw the appropriate figures for times before 12:39 PM
and after that time. Show that in terms of time after noon, the formula for distance
between the two cars (one formula associated with each figure) are equivalent.

Solution 20

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For time before 12:39 PM, see the figure in the general solution of Solution 20.
For time after 12:39 PM, there are three conditions that worth noting. Each are thoroughly
illustrated below.

First condition: (after 12:39 PM but before 1:05 PM)

okay

Second condition: (after 1:05 PM but before 1:22:30 PM)

 okay

Third condition: (after 1:22:30 PM)

 okay

Problem 21
For Problem 19, compute the time-rate of change of the distance between the cars at
(a) 12:15 PM; (b) 12:30 PM; (c) 1:15 PM

Solution 21

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From Solution 20,

at any time after noon.

From Solution 19,

(a) at 12:15 PM, t = 15/60 = 0.25 hr

answer

(b) at 12:30 PM, t = 30/60 = 0.5 hr

answer
(c) at 1:15 PM, t = 1 + 15/60 = 1.25 hr

answer

Problem 22
One city C, is 30 miles north and 35 miles east from another city, D. At noon, a car
starts north from C at 40 miles per hour, at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from D at
60 miles per hour. Find when the cars will be nearest together.

Solution 22

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where:

Time = 12.2885 PM or 12:17:18 PM answer

Problem 23
For the condition of Problem 22, draw the appropriate figure for times before 12:45
PM and after that time. Show that in terms of time after noon, the formulas for
distance between the two cars (one formula associated with each figure) are
equivalent.

Solution 23

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Before 12:45 PM
For time before 12:45 PM, see the figure in
Solution 22.

After 12:45 PM

where:

Thus,
(okay!)

Problem 24
For Problem 22, compute the time-rate of change of the distance between the
cars at (a) 12:15 PM, (b) 12:45 PM.

Solution 24

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Solution 23 above shows that the distance s at any time after noon is given by
 See Solution 22

(a) at 12:15 PM, t = 15/60 = 0.25 hr

answer

(b) at 12:45 PM, t = 45/60 = 0.75 hr

answer

Problem 25
One city E, is 20 miles north and 20 miles east of another city, F. At noon a car starts
south from E at 40 mi/hr, at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from F at 60 mi/hr. Find
the rate at which the cars approach each other between 12:10 PM and 12:30 PM. What
happens at 12:30 PM?

Solution 25

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Velocity of approach,

answer

At 12:30 PM
Distance traveled by car from E
 = 40(30/60)
= 20 miles

Distance traveled by car from F

= 60 [(30 - 10)/60]
= 20 miles

The cars may/will collide at this time. answer

Problem 26
A kite is 40 ft high with 50 ft cord out. If the kite moves horizontally at 5 miles per hour
directly away from the boy flying it, how fast is the cord being paid out?

Solution 26

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when s = 50 ft
502 = x2 + 402
x = 30 ft

Thus,

answer

Problem 27
In Problem 26, find the rate at which the slope of the cord is decreasing.

Solution 27
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Slope

From Solution 26, x = 30 ft when s = 50 ft

answer

Problem 28
At noon a car drives from A (Fig. 48) toward C at 60 miles per hour. Another car
starting from B at the same time drives toward A at 30 miles per hour. If AB = 42
miles, find when the cars will be nearest each other.

Solution 28

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By cosine law:

Time = 12:24 PM answer

Problem 29
Solve Problem 28 if the car from B leaves at noon but the car from A leaves at 12:07
PM.

Solution 29

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By cosine law:

Time: 12:29 PM answer

Problem 30
Two railroad tracks intersect at right angles, at noon there is a train on each track
approaching the crossing at 40 mi/hr, one being 100 mi, the other 200 mi distant. Find
(a) when they will be nearest together, and (b) what will be their minimum distance
apart.

Solution 30

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By Pythagorean Theorem:
Set ds/dt = 0

Time: 3:45 PM answer

Minimum distance will occur at t = 3.75,

answer

Problem 31
An elevated train on a track 30 ft above the ground crosses a street at the rate of 20
ft/sec at the instant that a car, approaching at the rate of 30 ft/sec, is 40 ft up the
street. Find how fast the train and the car separating 1 second later.

Solution 31
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From the isometric box:

where:
x2 = (20t)2 + (40 - 30t)2
x2 = 400t2 + 1600 - 2400t + 900t2
x2 = 1300t2 - 2400t + 1600

after 1 sec, t = 1

answer
 Problem 32
In Problem 31, find when the train and the car are nearest together.

Solution 32

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From Solution 31,

the train and the car are nearest together if ds/dt = 0

answer

Problem 33
From a car traveling east at 40 miles per hour, an airplane traveling horizontally north
at 100 miles per hour is visible 1 mile east, 2 miles south, and 2 miles up. Find when
this two will be nearest together.

Solution 33

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From the figure:

where:
x2 = (1 - 40t)2 + (2 - 100t)2
x2 = (1 - 80t + 1600t2) + (4 - 400t +
10000t2)
x2 = 5 - 480t + 11600t2

Thus,
 answer

Problem 34
In Problem 33, find how fast the two will be separating after along time.

Solution 34

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From the Solution 33,

after a long time,

answer
Problem 35
An arc light hangs at the height of 30 ft above the center of a street 60 ft wide. A man
6 ft tall walks along the sidewalk at the rate of 4 ft/sec. How fast is his shadow
lengthening when he is 40 ft up the street?

Solution 35

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From the figure:

when 4t = 40; t = 10 sec

answer

Problem 36
In Problem 35, how fast is the tip of the shadow moving?

Solution 36

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Triangle LAB,
Triangle ABC,

answer

Problem 37
A ship sails east 20 miles and then turns N 30° W. If the ship's speed is 10 mi/hr, find
how fast it will be leaving the starting point 6 hr after the start.

Solution 37

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By cosine law,
after 6 hrs from start, t = 6 - 2 = 4 hrs

answer

Problem 38
Solve Problem 37, if the ship turns N 30° E.

Solution 38

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By cosine law,

after 6 hrs from start, t = 6 - 2 = 4 hrs

answer