NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS

International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]

ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 7, July -2016
ENHANCEMENT OF ACTIVE POWER FLOW CAPACITY OF TRANSMISSION
LINE USING SERIES COMPENSATION
MR. ABHIJEET P. REDEKAR
Department of Electrical Engg, Sanjeevan Engineering and Technology Institute, Panhala
MR. PRAVIN R.CHOUBE
Department of Electrical Engineering, MMCOE, Karve Nagar, Pune
MR. SAGAR C. JADHAV
Department of Electrical Engineering, MMCOE, Karve Nagar, Pune

ABSRACT: connected in series with inductor. In TCSC the value of

In this paper a series controller from the line reactance is controlled by varying the value of
FACTS (Flexible AC transmission system) family inductor with the help of microcontroller. We use
named as ‘Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor’ microcontroller 89S52, for the adjusting the firing angle
(TCSC) is designed using Microcontroller. A of the thyristor valve.
transmission lines operating at high voltages is Power transferred in transmission line is given by,
required to transmit power from generating station
to load. The laboratory setup of circuit using a
Thyristor controlled reactor in series with a
capacitor will discussed in this paper. This paper Where,
also presents experimental results of a TCSC P= power transferred in transmission line
connected to a single phase system. This paper V1=sending end voltage
investigates the effects of TCSC on transmission line V2=receiving end voltage
to improve voltage stability. The stability of system X=line reactance
has been determined by using V-I and P-V curves. =Power angle
KEYWORDS : series compensation, thyristor valve, From above equation we state that line
transmission line, reactive power, line reactance, reactance is inversely proportional to power. So by
controller. varying the line reactance we control the power transfer
in transmission line.
INTRODUCTION:
In recent year for compensation we used fixed
capacitor method. We connect fixed capacitor series with
transmission line and value of capacitor set by inductor
which connect in parallel with thyristor valve which
adjust the value of capacitor to reduce line reactance. In
series compensation we overcome the disadvantages of
shunt compensation like it maintain: Rapid, continuous
control of the transmission-line reactance, Dynamic
control of power flow in selected transmission lines
within the network to enable optimal power-flow
conditions, Damping of the power swings from local and
inter-area oscillations. Closed loop control is achieved by
using microcontroller 89S52. The firing angle control of
TCR is obtained with the observation of output voltage.
Plotted a graph of P-V curve with and without TCSC
controller.

TCSC:
TCSC stands for thyristor controlled series
capacitor. In TCSC fixed capacitor connected in series
with line and to control the value of capacitance, Fig.1 Basic TCSC Scheme
inductor connected in parallel with it and thyristor valve

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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 7, July -2016

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATION OF COMPLETE CIRCUIT:

Fig.2 Circuit Diagram Of Controller

We used two step-down transformer, one for power line where the inductance and capacitance is used
providing power to microcontroller unit and another for to control the reactive power.
measurement of output voltage. A 230v, 50Hz step-down
transformer whose primary voltage is 230v and HARDWARE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
secondary voltage is 12v. Which is connected with 1. Microcontroller 89S52
bridge rectifier and with the help of this bridge rectifier 2. Microprocessor ADC 0808
we convert the 12v ac voltage to 12v dc voltage, here a 3. LCD 16LC
capacitor (12mF, 25v) is used to reduce the unwanted 4. Decade Counter
noise and filteration.12v dc voltage is passes through the 5. Voltage regulator 7805
regulator (LM7805) and resultant output voltage is 5v 6. Optocoupler
dc. Output terminal of the regulator is divided in to two
terminals, one is goes to optocoupler circuit input and
another is goes to the 12th pin (+VCC) of the TRANSMISSION LINE IMPLEMENTATION
microcontroller. The 5V pulse width modulation (PROTOTYPE):
generated by the microcontroller is send to the
MOC3021 driver (opt coupler), it is nothing but the
gallium arsenide infrared emitting diodes, optically
coupled to a silicon bilateral switch where the driver is
used to the boost the pulse. Microprocessor (ADC 0808)
compare input and output voltage. Microcontroller
(89S52) generate pulse and the resulted pulse is sent to
the gate terminal of the TRIAC and it is triggered to ON
position and makes a close loop to flow the power inside
the circuit. The AC voltage of 230V, 50Hz is send to the
Fig.3 Transmission Line
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 7, July -2016
To build prototype of transmission line first Table.1 Observations without controller
determined the value of capacitance inductance and V1 I1 W1 V2 I2 W2 LOAD
resistance for 100km transmission line. Then we build (Volt) (Amp) (Watt) (Volt) (Amp) (Watt) (Watt)
300km transmission line for single phase and work on it.
230 0 0 250 0 0 0
One PI model indicates distance of transmission line per
100km. Here value of line inductor assumed is L= 25 230 0.9 120 245 0.3 90 100
mh/100km, value of line capacitor is C=4µf/100km and 230 1.15 220 236 0.9 180 200
value of resistance is R=139 ohms/100km. After 230 1.45 290 226 1.3 270 300
transmission line TCSC is implemented at the end of
230 1.75 400 217 1.8 360 400
Prototype model.
From above table we plot some graph as:

1. FOR VOLTAGE VS CURRENT:

Fig.4 Transmission Line With Controller

CALCULATIONS OF PARAMETER:
For the present case to find the value of
capacitance and inductance of TCSC controller is based
on the net reactance of the transmission line and power
flow control through it, The line reactance of
Fig.5 Voltage Vs Current Graph Without Controller
transmission line is 50 ohm, hence take fixed capacitor
12 µF (two capacitor of 6µF connected in parallel).
WITH CONTROLLER:
Fixed capacitive reactance,
After taking a result of without controller we
=26.52ohm
take a observation with controller which gave us result
Total line reactance,
as follow:
Table.2 Observation With Controller
V1 I1 W1 V2 I2 W2 LOAD
Therefore,
(Volt) (Amp) (Watt) (Volt) (Amp) (Watt) (Watt)

230 0 0 238 0 0 0
So we must connect minimum 75mH inductance
in controller. 230 0.9 120 232 0.3 100 100
Value of capacitance find out by trial and error
230 1.15 220 228 0.9 200 200
method.
230 1.45 290 228 1.15 300 300
RESULT:
230 1.75 400 228 1.75 400 400
WITHOUT CONTROLLER:
We take same experimental observation on
prototype model of transmission line. We got a From above table we plot a graph as follow:
observation as follow:
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 7, July -2016
1. VOLTAGE VS CURRENT: CONCLUSION:
The result shows that when TCSC is connected
in the test system, there is improvement in the voltage
stability margins. Series capacitive compensation is thus
used to reduce the series reactive impedance, this will
caused to minimize receiving end voltage variation and
the possibility of voltage collapse and it can improve
power flow capability of the line. TCSC is more effective
than mechanical switching capacitor and synchronous
condensers.

REFERENCES:

1. S. Paul, S.K.Basu, R. Mandal “A MICROCOMPUTER

CONTROLLED STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR FOR
POWER SESTEMS LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS”
Transactions On Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1,
Fig.6 Voltage Vs Current Graph With Controller
February 1992
Observation table for power and voltage at 2. Venu Yarlagadda, Dr. B.V. Sankar Ram, Dr,
different values of capacitive reactance :- K.R.M.Rao “Automatic Control Of Thyrister
Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)” Vol. 2 Issue 3,
Table.3 Power and Voltage At Different Value of Xc May-June 2012, Pp. 444-449 www.ijera.com
3. Manish Chandra “Analysis And Modeling Of Thyristor
Xc = 0 Xc=0.5Xl Xc = 0.75Xl Controlled Series Capacitor For The Reduction Of
Power Vr Power Power Voltage Sag, ISSN: 2319-7463 Vol. 2 Issue 8, August-
transferr (Volt Vr Vr
transferr transferr 2013, Pp: (43-47), www.Er publications. com
ed s) (Volt (Volt
ed ed 4. Kusum Arora, S.K. Agarwal, Narendra Kumar,
(Watts) s) s)
(Watts) (Watts) Dharam Vir “Simulation Aspects Of Thyristor
0 0 0 0 0 0 Controlled Series Compensator In Power System”
60 30 120 30 150 30 Vol.3, Issue 4(april,2013),||v1||pp 17-26.
120 60 200 60 220 60
200 90 280 90 300 90
280 120 380 120 400 120
380 150 415 150 450 150
300 180 430 180 480 180
150 210 300 210 400 210
0 230 0 230 0 230
Xc :- Graph of power vs voltage for above values of

Fig.7 P-V Graph

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