Design of slabs

Example 7.1 : Simply supported one-way slab page 1/4

Ref, Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION

Effective span, L 4.25 m

Characteristic Actions :

Permanent, gl 1.0 kN/m2 (Exc luding se lfive ight)

Variable, q r. 3.0 kN/m2
Design life 50 Years (Table 2.1 EN 1990)
Fire resistanc R60 (Sec. 5.7 EN 1992-l-2)
Table 4.1 Exposure classes XC3
Materials :
Characteristic strength of concrete,/"k : 30 Nimm2 (Table F.1 EN 206)
3.1.2(3) Characteristic strength of steel,/rr 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 25 kNimr (Table A.l EN 1991-l
Assumed: d a* 12 mm

SLAB THICKNESS
Minimum thickness for fire resistance : 80 mm Table 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
Table 7.4N Estimated thickness considering deflection control Try,
h: 4250 /26 : 163 mm l/)mm

DURABILITY, FIRE & BOND REQUIREMENTS

Table 4-2 Min. cover with regard to bond, C-in.r, l2 mm
Table 4.4N Min. cover with regard to dwability, Cmin.du. : 20 mm
4.4.1.2 Min. required axis distance for R60 fire resistance Table 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
20 mm
Min. cover with regard to fre,
C,,in:a-dw/2- 20-0.5(12) : l4mm

4.4.1.3 Allowance in design for deviation, A C d,, - I0 mm

4.4.1.1(2) Nominal cover, Use:

Cno'' - C,'in * ACa"' 20 + l0 : 30 mm C.o,. : 30 mm

nls\ '09
140 lDesignofslabs

Example 7.1 : Simply supported one-way slab page 214

Ref, Calculations Output

ACTIONS & ANALYSIS

Slab selfweieht : 0.175 x25 4.38 kN/m'z
Permanent load (Excluding selfiveight) 1.00 kN/m2
Characteristic permanent action, g r
- s:s tNz-'
Characteristic variable action, q r, 3.00 kN/m2
Designaction, nd : 1.35gr+ l.5qr 11.76 kN/m2 Table A l.2B : EN 1990
Consider l mwidth, wd: ndxlm 11.76 kN/m

I1.76 kN/m

Shear Force,
V: wdL/2
25'0 kNim
Bending Moment,
)
1y1 : y,6L-lg
26.5 kNrn/m

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
d - h - Cno,n -O.5do*
: 175 - 30- (0.5x 12): 139 mm

Mea
Design moment, 26.5 kNm
K : M/bd2f,r
: 26.5 x106/(looo x1392x30)
0.046
Compression reinforcement is not required
z : d [0.s +,1 0.2s-: KtJlql : 0.s6 ds 0.ssd

A, :M l0.87f,uz
27 x 106 I (0.87 x 5oo x 0.95 x 139 ) Main bar :

462 mm2 lm H12 - 225

(503 mm'/m1
9.2.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Secondary bar :
A,,^in - 0.26(f o,"lf bd : 0.26 x (2-90 I 500) x bd H12 - 450
: 0.0015 bd',r)-- 0.0015 x1000 x 139 : 299 nnn-/m
,

(251 mm'/m)
0.04 xt000 x 175 - 7000 nrn-/m

rnsv '09
 Design of slabs | 141

Example 7.1 : Simply supported one-way slab page 314

Ref Calculations Output

SHEAR
Design shear force, /ga 25.0 kN

6.2.2 De sign shear resistance,

zna," : | 0.12 k (toop tf f bd
"u)t/3

k: l+(200/d)t/2 <2.0
= l+(200 / l3gi" : 2.20 < 2.0
Pt: Asr/bd < 0.02
s03 (1000 x 139) : 0.0036 s 0.02

L/3
Vna,"= 0.12 x 2.0 x (100 x 0-0036 x 30) x 1000 x 139
- N1ta : 1l)
73853 73.9 kN
l/ min : [ 0.035k "'f,u'' ] bd
0.035 x 2.0''' x3ot" * looo x 139
: 75368 N 75.4 kN

So, Vp.a." : 75.4 kN Vra okl

7.4 DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tens ion re inforc e ment,
P : At,,."q/bd
462 /1000 x139 0.0033
Reference reinforc ement ratio,
Po : (f"u)1t2xlo-3 :(30) XIU 0.00ss

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K- 1.0

p
, t / \r'l-l
a'r=,<lll +rsfi, P-+32{t,l'
p ,o -rlt I (l)
I I

:1.0(11+ r3.5+ 9.r3) 33.7

Modification factor for span less than 7 m
- 1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
-A,",",/4,,^ - 503/462 -t.09 < t.5
Therefore allowable s pan-e ffe ctive de pth ratio,
(//d)ntto"t't. : 33.7x i.00 x 1.09 36.63
Actr-la I spa n-e ffective de pth
(l/d)^"no1 - 4250/139 -30.6 (/ /r1 )"lo*ur. ok!

rnsr' '09
142 | Design of slabs

Example : Simply supported one-way slab page 4/4

CRACKING
h: l75mm <200mm ok!
Main bar :

,S-o."t"b, : 3h < 400 mm : 400 mm

Max. bar spacing : 225 mrn ( S-u,slabs ok!
Secondary bar :

Sma,slabs : 3.5h < 450 mm : 450 mm ok!

Max. bar spacing : 450 mm ( Sms.srabs

DETAILING

I
I

PLAN

SICTICN

Dimension: Reinforcement:
Span,Z 4250 mm 0t: H12 - 225
Thickness,ft - 175mm 02:. H12 - 450
Concrete cover : 30 mm
 Design of slabs

Example 7.2 : Continuous one-way slab page li5

Ref, Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION

4r
tll
l'l
tll
ilt tlt
Il
-: dt
tit
=-
lll
tll
lrl
tll
ttl

Plan view

Long span, I ). 9000 mm lr/1,: 2.25>2.0

Short span, /* 4000 mm One-way slab

Characteristic Actions :

Permanent, gr 1.0 kN/m'?(Excluding selfiveight)

Variable, q r 3.5 kN/mr
Design life 50 Years (Table 2.1 EN 1990)
Fire resistance R90 (Sec. 5.7 EN 1992-l-2)
Table 4.1 Exposure classes XCl
Materials :
Characteristic strength of concrete,/.1 25 N/mm2 (Table F.l EN 206)
3.1.2(3) Characteristic strength of stee! /rr 500 N/rnm2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 25 kN/m:' (Table A.l EN r991-l
Assumed: d u, 10 mm

SLAB THICKNESS
Minimum thickness for fire resistance 100 mm Table 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
Table 7.4N Estimated thic kne s s c ons idering de flection c ontrol, Try,
h: 4000/30: 133mm h: l50mm

DURABILITY, FIRE & BOND REQUIREMENTS

Table 4.2 Min. cover with regard to bond, C,.rn,r, l0 mm
Table 4.4N Min. cover with regard to durabiliry, Crrri..dur - l5 rnm
4.4.1.2 Min. required axis distance for R90 fire resistance Table 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
u l\) mn1

r.r.ls) '09
Design of slabs

Exampfe 7.2 : Continuous one-way slab page 2/5

Ref, Calculations Output

Min. concrete cover with regard to flre,

Cmin:a-0vol2: 20-0.5(10) : 15mm
4.4.1.3 Allowance in design for deviation, lC a"u : 10 mm
4.4.1.1(2) Nominal cover. Use:
Cno- : C-;n -F AC6", 15 + 10 25 mm Cno- : 25 mm

ACTIONS
Slabselfweight : 0.150 x25 3.75 kN/m:
Permanent load (Excluding selfiveight) : l.00 kN/m-
Characteristic permanent action, g l 4.75 kN/m'
Characteristic variable action. q r. - i.50 kN/ml
Designactiorl nd :l.35gr+1.5qu 1l.66kN/m2 Table Al.2B:EN 1990

ANALYSIS
Continuous one-way slab
Areaofbay: 4x9x4: 144 m2 > 3o m2
qx I gx 3.501 4.75 : 0.74 < 1.25
qk -- 3.50 5.0 < kN/ml
Use Table 3,14 B58l1O:Part 1 1997 to determine the bending
moment and shear forces

Corsider I m width of slab

11.7 kN/m

Action

0.063FI

0.07 5 Fl 0.063 Ft 0.063Ft 0.07 sFt

0.4F 0.6F 0.5F 0.6F

Shear

0.5F 0.4F

il 4.0 46.7 KN

msy '09
 Design of slabs I

Example 7.2 : Continuous one-way slab page 3/5

Ref Calculations Output

MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth,
d: h -C no^ -0.5Q a* l5O - 25 - 10/2 :120.0 mm

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Secondary bar

A s.^,n: 0.26(f .t^/fyu) bd : 0.26 x (2.56 / 500) x bd Hl9 - 425
: 0.0013 bd : 0.0013 x1000 x 120 : 169 mm'/m ,
( 185 nnn'/m)
1,.-*: 0.04.4" 0.04 x1000 x 150 :6999 tn-'/-

At first inte rior s upport

M : 0.086 Fi : 0.086 x46.7 x4.0: 16.0 kNm/r
6.1 K - M /bd2f"r
16.0 x lob i fl000 x 126 x25)
0.045
Compression reinforcement is not required
z : d [0.s *,1 ozs - xtu:q]: 0.96 ds 0.95d
/ : M /0.87 frxz Use:
16.0 x 106/ (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 120 ) HlO - 225 top
324 mmzlm (349 mm'/m;

Near middle ofend span

M - 0.075 Fl : 0.075 x 46.7 x4.0: 14.0 kNm/r
6.r A,:Ml0.87f"rz Use:
14.0 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 120 ) H10 - 27s
282 mm /m (286 mm'/m;

At interior support and interior span

M : 0.063 Fl : 0.063 x 46.7 x 4.0 - 11.8 kNnt
A, : M l0.87f"xz Use:
I 1.8 x t06l (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x t20 ) Hr0 - 300
t, :,
- l)/mm/m /6/ mm /ml
I

At outer support
M- 0.04 Fl : 0.040 x 46.1 x 4.0 = 7.5 kNr
6.1 A, -M 10.87J',rz Use:
: 7.5 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 120 ) H10 - 400 bo1
:,
l)l mln /m (196 mm2/m;

nls\ '09
Design of slabs

Example 7.2 : Continuous one-way slab page 4/5

Ref, Calculations Output

SHEAR
Maximum design shear force,
Vpl 0.6 F 0.6x 46.7 28.0 kN

6.2.2 Design shear resistance,

Yxa," : [ 0.12 k (100p rf "r)r/3 ] bd

k :1+1200/d)t,tr2 s2.0
: l+(200t 120) : 2.29 < 2.0
p1: A1/bd < 0.02
: 286 / (1000x 120) : 0.0024 a 0.P,?
Vxa..= 0.12 x2.0x (100x 0.0024 x25) x 1000 x 120
52190N : 52.2kN
: t'-f
v -in [ 0.035* ,u" ] bd
: 0.035 x2.0t'' *25t" x 1000 x 120
: 59397 N 59.4 kN

So, Vp.a." : 59.4 kN zhd ok!

'74 DEFLECTION
Percentage of require d tens ion re inforcement,
p A,,,"q / bd
: 282 / 1000 x 120 : 0.0024
Relerence reinforcement ratio,
p o : (f ,)ttl x lo'J : (25) '/2x10-l 0.0050

Table 7.4N Factor for structwal systeftL K - 1.3

p
, I /',,3.2,fT1! ^ r'tl
'.-rlll
I

d I
|
rrsv?, p ' \p?-'l )
-n I
(l)
)

-1.3(llr l5.sr 19.t2) - 59.9

Modif,rcation factor for span less than 7 m
- 1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
- Ar.o,oulA,'.o 286 I 282 - 1.01 < 1.5
Therefore allowable span-e ffective de pth ratio,
(lld)o11o*61" - 59.9x 1.00 x 1.01 60.61
Actual span-effective depth
(lld)o,nor 4000 I 120 : 33.3 (/ /d )nno*ur. ok!

rnsy '09
 Design of slabs

Example 7.2 : Continuous one-way slab page 5/5

Ref Calculations Output

CRACKING
7.3.3 h: l50mm <200mm ok!
9.3.1 Main bar :

Sm*.slabs : 3h 3400 mm : 400 mm

Max. bar spacing - 400 mm ( Smu.slabs ok!
Secondary bar :

Sma.stabs: 3.5h < 450 mm - 450 mm ok!

Max. bar spacing : 425 mm ( Sms,stabs

DI )TAILING
I

LL
AN

800 ': I 200

- 05 ,:na '.2 Aa ', -,o

I+ /106
rlr
I ltr

StCT ON
Dimension:
Long span, I, 9000 mnr Thickness,fr: l50mm
Short span, L. 4000 mrr Concrete cover: 25 rrm

Reiforcement:
0l: Hlj-275 bot. 06 H10 - 425 Iop.
02; Htj-225 top. 07 H10 - 425 bot.
03: Hl0-300 bot. 08 Ht0 - 425 top.
04; HlO - 300 top. 09 H10 - 42s bot.
05: Hl0-400 top. l0 H10 - 42s top.

rlsl '09
148 | Design of slabs

page 1/4
Example 7.3 : Simply supported two-way slab

Calculations

SPECIFICATION

Msx

+ Msy

Plan view

7500 mm lrll*: 1.5 <2.0

Long span, ly
Two'waY slab
Short span, I' 5000 mm

Characteristic Actions:
1.2 kN/m'Z (Exc luding s e lfwe ight)
Permanent, gr
Variable, q t 2.5 kN/m'z
Desigr life 50 Years (Table 2.1 EN 1990)
R90 (Sec. 5.7 EN 1992-l-2)
Fire resistance
Exposure classes XCI
Table 4. I
Materials :
25 N/mm2 (Table F.l EN 206)
ii.."""tnr" strength of concrete,/'t
5gg Ninrm/
3.1.2(3) Characteristic strength of steel,/vt
25 kN/m3 (Table A.1 EN 1991-1
Unit weight of reinforced concrete
Assumed: Q w : 10mm

S' THI(-KNESS
^R able 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
Minimumthickness for fne resistance
120 mm
control' Try,
Estimated thickness considering deflection
Table 7.4N
h: 5o0o 125 : 200 mm h: 200mm

ouoout"ITy, rtnr 8. eoNn ngQutnElvlENTS

regard to bond, C,'in-u l0 mm
Table 4.2 Mi*ou". with
: l5 mm
Table 4.4N Min. coverwith regard to durability, C''in'du'
Table 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
Min. required axis distance for R90 ftre
resistance
4 4.t.2
15 mm
 Design of slabs I

Example 7.3 : Simply supported two-way slab

Ref Calculations Output

Min. concrete cover with regard to fire,

C-i,:a-Q6,/2: 15-0.5(10) : l0r'r
4.4.1.3 Aflowance in design for deviation, A C a", : l0 rr
4.4.1.1(2) Nominal cover, Use:
Cno- : C.ln * AC6", 15 + l0 25 c' v nom 25 mm

ACTIONS
Slab seffweight : x25
0.200 5.00 k:.
Permanent load (Excluding selfiveight) : 1.20 k\
Characteristic permanent action, g r. 6.X) i.:\
Characteristic variable action, qr : 2.50 k.'.
Design action, nd : l.35gr + 1.5qk 12. ll kl. Table A1.2B: EN 190

ANALYSIS
lt/l* : 7.5 / 5 1.5 =:> Two-way slab
Simpty supported slab
Moment: Table 3.12 BS 8l l0
Short span, M r, : tr,*nl*t
0.104 x12.12 x 5.02: 31.51 kNm/m
Long span, M sy d runl*2 :
0.046 x12.12 x 5.0': 13.94 kNm/m

MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth.
o* - 200 - 25 - l0l2 :170-0 nrr
d * -- h -C no,n -0.5d
dr:h-Cno--l.5du^ :200 -25-10(l .5)-160.0 I

Short span :

M"* 31.5 kNm/m

6.1 K : Mlbd2f.r
31.5 xl06/(looo xl7o2 x25)
0.044
Compression reinforcement is not requft': .

z : d 10.5 *,1-c-25 - K/L134)l - 0.96 d <,.

A' : M /0.87fyyz Use:
31.5 x 10o I (0.s7 x 500 x 0.g5 x 170 ) Ht0 - 175 bot.
: 449 mm:,/m 1uO mritml

msy'09
Design of slabs

Example 7.3 : Simply supported two-way slab page 3/4

Ref, Calculations Output

Long span :

Msy 13.9 kNmim

6.1 K: Mlbd2f.u
13.9 ; 106 / (looo x 160' x25)
0.022
Compression reinforcement is not required
:dI0.5 +,lTE:-Kn-BqI: o.e8d o.e5d <
A, :M /0.87fyrz Use:
13.9 ; i,o" t p.al x 5oo x 0.95 x 16o ) H10 - 325 bot.
2ll mrrllm (242 mm2/m1

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

A ,^,n: 0.26(f 6^/f ,y) bd : 0.26 x (2.56 I 500) x bd
: 0.0013 bd : 0.0013 x1000 x 170 : 227 nnn-,/m
,

A,.*o: 0.044" : 0.04 x1000 x 200 : 8000 rmn-/m

SHEAR

-6-
Maximum design shear force,
I

I
Yr.a: nl*/2
l*
: 12.1x 5.0 /2
30.3 kN/m
I

J
I

lm

6.2.2 Design shear resistance,

Vxa.. : | 0.12 k (l}Op
3
tf,u\t I bd
r)
k : | ,(200ldl',r- . 2.0
: l+\200t170) - 2.08 < 2.0
Pr:Aslbd <0-02
449/|oaooxl7o) - 0.0026 1o.y?
Vpa'= 0.12 x2.0x (100x 0.0026 x25) x 1000 t70
76535 N 76.5 kN
v^in : I o.o35k ''tf .ut't I bdl/2
3/2
0.035 x 2.O x25 x 1000 x 170
84146 N 84.1 kN

So, Vxar 84. I KN ok!

nrst '09
 Design of slabs

Example 7.3 : Simply supported two-way slab

Ref Calculations Output

7.4 DEFLECTION
P erc entage of required tens ion re inforc ement,
P : Ar,r"q/bd
449 / 1000 x170 0.0026
Re ference re in forcement ratio,
: tt2xl0-3
p o - (f ",)'t'
x 1[' (25) - 0.0050

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K: 1.0

p

1
dL "[,'* = s{Te--32JI^l
p
7
&-'l 131:-l
(l)
' \p ) l I

: 1.0 (ll + 14.2 + 13.55) 38.8

Modification factor for span less than 7 m
: 1.00
Modification factor for steelarea provided.
: Ar.rro,lA r,r"o 449 I 449 : 1.00 s 1.5
The re fore allowable span-e ffe ctive depth ratio,
(//d)orro*ur. : 38.8x1.00 x1.00 38.79
Actual span-e ffective depth
(l/d)^a"a 5000 / 170 : 29.4 (l /d)an*ur. ok!

CRACKING
7.3.3 h: 200mm <200mm ok!
9.3.1 Main bar :

Smu,slabs : 3h < 400 mm : 400 mm

Max. bar spacing : 325 mm ( Smar.slabs ok!

DETAILING

li-f Dimension:
Ly: 7500 mm
L*: 5000 mm
l.l Thickness,fr: 200mm
Cover, Cno,, : 25 mm
Reinforcement:
lr 0l: HlO - 175

PUN
lr 02: Hl0 - 325
---
T-_
-
I
L
:FCTIC\ I
rnsv '09
Design of slabs

Example 7.4 : Two-way Restrained Slab page l/6

Ref Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION

t
l 4000

4000

Plan view

Characteristic Actions:
Permanent, gt 1.5 kN/m2 (Exc luding se lfwe ight)
Variable, 41 4.0 kN/m2
Design life 50 Years (Table 2.1 EN 1990)
Fire resistance R60 (Sec. 5.7 EN 1992-1-2)
Table 4.1 Exposure classes XC1
Materials :
Characteristic strength of concrete,/"k = 25 N/mmz (Table F.1 EN 206)
3.r.2(3) Characteristic strength of steel/r1 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 25 kN/mr (Table A.1 EN tggl
Assumed: dw l0 mm

Design slab panel B-C lr-2

Long span, lt 7000 mm lull, - 1.75 <2.0

Shoft span, l* 4000 mm Two-way slab

SLAB THICKNESS
Minimum thickness for fire resistance 80 mm Table 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
Table 7.4N Estimated thickness cons idering de flection control, Try,
h: 4000 /35 - ll4 mm h : 125 rnm

n.rsy '09
 Design of slabs

Example 7.4 : Two-wayRestrained Slab page 2/6

Ref Calculations Output

DURABILITY, FIRE & BOND REQUIREMENTS

Table 4.2 Min. cover with regard to bond, C-in,u l0 mm
Table 4.4N Min. cover with regard to durability, Cmin,dur: 15 mm
4.4.1.2 Min. required axis distance for R60 fne resistance Table 5.8 EN 1992-l-2
l5 mm
Min. cover with regard to lne.
Cmin:a-Q#2: 15-0.5(10) 10mm

4.4.1.3 Allowance in design for deviation, AC a* : l0 mm

4.4.1.1(2) Nominal cover. Use:

Cno* : C.;n -l- AC6"u : 15 t0 25 Cno,, : 25 mm

ACTIONS
Slab selfweight : 0.125 x25 .l.ti kN/mr
Permanent load (Excluding selfweight) : 1.50 kN/m'
Characteristic perrnanent action, gr 4.63 kN/m'
Characteristic variable actioru q r. - 4.00 kN/m2
Designaction, nd :l.35gr+l.5qk l2.24kJ\/mz Table Al.2B: EN l99O

ANALYSIS
L /L - 7000 I 4000 : 1.75 < 2.0 Two way slab
Case 4 : Two adjacent edges discontinuous Table 3.14 : BS 8ll0
Bending moments,

Short span:
2
Ms*t: f*rnal,2 0.065 x12.24x4.0- 12.7 kNn/m
2
Ms*2 - fr*z nal*2 0.087 x12.24x4.0: 17.0 kNrr/m

Long span:
2
Mryr: fsytnal, 0.034 x12.24 x 4.0: 6.66 kNrr/m
x 4.0 :
2
Mryz: fsyznalx 0.045 x12.24 8.82 kNn/m

msv'09
154 | Design of slabs

Example 7.4 : Two-wayRestrained Slab page 3/6

Ref Calculations Output

MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth,
d*:h-Cno--0.5/u* :125 -25- l0/2 :95.0 mm
dr:h-Cno^-1.5Qt* :125 - 25- l0(1.5) :85.0 mm

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Secondary bar

A s,mh: 0.26(f bd : O.26 x (2.56 / 500) x bd Ht} - 425
"t^/fyu):
: 0.0013 bd 0.0013 x1000 x 95 127 ount/* (185 nnn'zlm;

1,.-*: 0.044" 0.04 x1000 x 125 :5ggg .*r'l'n

Short span :

- Midspan, M'*) 12.7 kNmim

6.1 K: M/bd-f.*
12.7 xlo6/(looo x95' x25:)
0.056
Compression reinforcement is not required
= d lo.s +,/ 0.25 - Kl1.r34)l - o.ss as 0.9sd
A, : M /O.87fyuz Use:
12.7 x 106 I (O.57 x 500 x 0.95 x 95 ) Hl0 - 200 bot.
325 mm')lm (393 mm'/m)

- Support , M5* 17.0 kNm/m

o. I K : M /bd2f"u
17.0 x 106 / (looo x95 x25)
0.016
Compression reinforcement is not required
=d [0.5 +,1 o.2s - Klt.134)] : 0.93 d< 0.9sd
A, -* M l0.87fyuz Use:
17.0 x t06 i 1o.sz x 0.93 x 95 ) HlO - 175

444 mm2lm 1++S nrn /nl

Long span :

- Midspan , M', 6.7 kNm/m

6.r K -- M/bcltf.*
: 6.7 x85'x25)
: 0.037 "tooIltooo
Compression reinforcement is not required
z : cl lo.5 +,[a25-- K11.134)] -- O.g7 d s 0.95c1

A, - M l0.87.fyxz Use:
: 6.i x 106 / (0.87 x 5oo x 0.95 x 85 ) Hr0 - 350 bot.
190 mm2/m 1224 mm'/m1

msy'09
 Design of slabs | 155

Example 7.4 : Two-wayRestrained Slab page 4/6

Ref Calculations Output

-Support,M*: 8.8kNm/m
6.1 K: M/bd'f"x
0.039
Compression reinforcement is not required
z : d 1o.s u,f o.zs - ntlus : 0.96 d 3 0.95d
A, : M /0.87frrz Use:
8.8 x 10" / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 95 ) H10 - 325 top.
225 mm-/m (242 mri/m)

SHEAR
Shear force, Table 3.l5 : BS 8l l0

Short span:
Vs*r: fu*rnal* 0.57 x12.24 x 4.0 : 27.9 kN/m
Vsxz: Fr*znal* 0.38 x12.24 x 4.0 : 18.6 kN/m
Long span:
Vryt - Brytnal* 0.40 x12.24 x 4.0: 19.6 tNrm
Yryz : Puyznal' 0.26 x12.24 x 4.0: 12.7 kN/m

Design shear force, Zea 27.9 kN

6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
3
v e.a,. - [ o.l2 k (toop t f"r)t I bd

1+(2o0ld)rt,t.' . z.o
1+<200 /95) : 2.45 2.0
Pr A s/bd < 0.02
: 449 / (1000x95) : 0.0047 3 0,9?
Vxa,"= 0.12 x 2.0x (100 x
0.0047 x25) 1000 x 95
51925 N sl.9 kN
r)
V^,n - [0.035k'-f,x''
3/z
Ibdr/2
0.035 x 2.0 x25 x 1000 x 95
= 47023 N 47.0 kN

So, Vxa." : 51.9 kN vl/ F.d ok

rnsv '09
Design of slabs

Example 7.4 : Two-way Restrained Slab page 5/6

Ref Calculations Output

7.4 DEFLECTION
P e rc entage of re quire d tens ion re inforc ement,
P At,r"q/bd
325 /1000 x95 0.0034
Reference reinforcement ratio,
r/2x10-3 :Q5) xlo'3
P" : (f*) o.oo5o

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K: 1.3

p
, f / f/21
r :.zJf.l o" - tl
o'. = rll
L
- t.sJL P"
p \p / I I (l)

: 1.3 (11+ 11.0 + 5.00) : 35.0

Modification factor for span less than 7 m
: I.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
: A r,orou/A ,,r, 393 / 325 : 1'21 < 1.5
The re fore allowable span- e ffe ctive de pth ratio,
(l/d)arc*u.: 35.0 x 1.00 x l.2l +z- )
Actual span-effective depth
(l ld)ua,a : 4000 I 95 : 42.1 (l /d)an*arc ok!

CRACKING
t -a--'t h: 125mm < 200 mm ok!
9.3.1 Main bar :

Sma.stabs: 3h < 400 mm : 375 mm

Max. bar spacing : 350 mm ( Sma',slabs ok!
Secondary bar :

Sma.stabs : 3.5h 3 450 mm : 437.5 mm ok!

Max. bar spacing - 425 mm { S-a*,slabs

msv '09
 Design of slabs

Example 7.4 : Two-way Restmined Slab

Ref Calculations Output

H--
Tir---.,- l
ffiT-T'
ffi
[':
l -
tllil l .. iI l' j

(ffi]-;
lffi
J lri I
i

l =l
=i
h--+
'h rlil l ol
rl i-
/IillrllliII lit II
iil r Tri
l l 1

\I -L
l ilr
rr
:I -_ I It I I
r ---------
F_-_-_-____-_-_-_TFI,
'il_ - ------at
-__-_-L t.

I
II'
liill
I ll
tllii
-r .*-l-Ll -

,-
;t:
/
T----------11
7000
,
-
lDi*".,rion,
Short span, /*: 4000 mm Thickness, h :
Long span, /, - 7000 mm Concrete cover :

Reinforcement:
0l HlO - 200 bot.
A HlO - 175 top.
03 HlO - 350 bot.
M Hl0 - 325 top.
05 H10 - 425 top.
06 H10 - 425 top.
07 HlO - 425 top.
08 Hl} - 425 top.
09 H10 - 425 top.
l0 H l0 - 425 top.
 Design of stairs

ple 8.1(a) : Stair spanning longitudinally continuous over suppofts page l/4

f Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION

Dimension:
D- 175 mm
t7 - 255 mm
tra= t75 h: 110 mm
I 750

Characteristic Actions:
Permanent, gr, 1.0 kN/m (Exc luding selfwe ight)
Variable, q r 4.0 kNim
Materials:
Characteristic strength of concrete,/"L : 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel/yr 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 25 kNiml
Assumed: Cover, C : 25 mm d t*: 8mm

AVERAGE THICKNESS
y h.l(ct+Rtl'''lc1
1to L (2552+ 175' 1t'' 1255 1

133 mm
Average thickness
t : 1t+(R/2)
: 133 + (115 / 2)
221 mm

ACTIONS & ANALYSIS

Slab selfiveight : 0.221 x25 5.52 kN/m-
Pennanent load (Excluding selfweight) 1.00 kN/mr
Characteristic permanent action, g r : OSZ tNl*'
Characteristic variable action.4 6 - 4.00 kN/mr
Designaction, nd :1.353.1+l.5qr 14.81 kN/mr Table A l.2B : EN 1990

Consider l mwidth. wd: nax lm 14.81 kN/m

I
I
I
I msy '09
t_,_ _
166 | Design of stairs

Example 8. 1(a) : Stair spanning longitudinally continuous ove r s upports page 2/4

Ref, Calculations Output

M Bending Moment,
M: waL2/10
11.6 kNm/

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective dept[
d -- h-C -0.5Qu*

Desigr moment,
lto .

K M / bd'f,u
11.6 x 106 /:(tooo x 8l ' *).s1
0.071
Compression reinforcement is not required
z:dlo.s+,/TX@I :o.s3d s
o.e5d
A,:Ml0.87frt^z Main bar
ll.6 x l0' / (0.87 x 500 x 0.93 x 8l ) H8 - 125
)
353 mm-/m (402 nli lm)

9.3.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

A s.min: 0.26(f o^/fvr) bd : 0.26 x (2.56 I 5001 x bd
: 0.0013 bd : 0.0013 x1000 x 81 108 rrrn-/m
,

A".^o:Q.MA. 0.04 x1000 x 110 :4400 rrrn-/m

e.3.1.1(2) Sec ondary re inforcement

A : 20oh of the main reinforcement Secondary bar :
":
0.20x 353 = It nral/m H8 - 350
(144 r'rvn rml

msv '09
 Design of stairs

Example 8.1(a) : Stair spanning longitudinally continuous over supports page 3/4

Ref Calculations Output

Vt Ve
>'M @B :0
2.80 V^ - ll.6+ 11.6- (14.81 x 2.80) x 1.4: 0
Vs 58.04 /2.80 20.728 kN/m
Vs (14.81 x2.80) -20.73
20.728 kN/m
Design shear force, 266 20-73 kN/m

o.z-1. Design shear resistance,

V s.a., : [ 0.12 k (100p,f,x)t/3 I bd
k :1+12oolct)t'2 <2.0
: r{200 / 8t) : 2.s7 < 2.0
p1: A"1 /bd < 0.02
: 402 / (1000 x 81) : 0.0050 < 0.02
Vna.,= 0.12 x 2.0 x (100 x 0.0050 *ZS)" x 1000 x81
: 45011 N 45.0 kN/m
v,n,n : I o.o35k ".f ,r" 1bd
2.d" *25t" * 1000 x 8l
0.035 x
: 4009i N/m - 40.1 kN/m

So, V*a," : 45.0 kN/m Vra ok!

7.4 DEFLECTION
Pe rc entage of re quired tens ion re inforceme nt,
A""q/bd
353 / 1000 x 81 0.0044
Reference reinlorcement ratio,
p"-(.f,x)' 2xl0-' rrxl0-i
-125 1 - 0.0050

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K: 1.5

p
, t 7 1l/ll
Eqn. 7.16a ;-Kllr-r5Jf, U,:z,,f1,lP
p \p ll)
I
I

" l
- 1.5 (11 + 8.6 + 0.90) : 30.8

msv'09
Design of stairs

Example 8.1(a) : Stair spanning longitudinally continuous over supports page 4/4

Ref Calculations Output

Modification factor for span less than 7 m

: t.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
: Ar,rroulA"l., 402 I 353 : l'14 < l'5
Therefore allowable span-e ffective depth ratio,
(lld)arc*arc : 30.8 x 1.00 x 1.14 35.0
Actual span-effective deplh
(t/d)^a"a 2800 / 8l : 34.6 < (lld)arc*u. ok!

CRACKING
I.J.J h: 110mm <200mm
9.3.1 Main bar :

Sma,slabs : 3h < 400 mm : 330 mm

Max. bar spacing : 125 mm ( S-o*.,lub. ok!
Secondary bar :

Sms,slabs : 3.5h < 450 mm : 385 mm

Max. bar spacing : 350 mm < Smax.slabs ok!

175
r 750

t_0 @, 2si: 25so _ _E t

Reinforcement: All units in rnm
0l: H8-125
02: H8-125 Thickness,h - ll0mm
03: H8-125 Concrete cover - 25 mm
04: H8-350

rnsr' '09
 Designofstairs ll69

Example 8.1(b) : Stair with landing and continuous at one end.

page 1/4

Calculations

170 mm
260 mm
160 mm

Characteristic Actions :

Permanent, gk 1.2 kN/m2 (Excluding selfwe ight)

Variable, 41 : 3.0 kN/m2
Materials:
Characteristic strength of concrete,/"1 - 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel,/r1 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 25 kN/m3
Assumed: Cover. C - 25 mm d,"* - l0 mm

AVERAGE THICKNESS
[1-- ,--
-1
y h .[tct t R2\t2/G]
160[(2602+ 1702 ) "1260] : l9l mm 1lt 1lI i l"
\+l tl-
Average thickness
t : y+(M2)
191 + (t70 t2) - 276 mm
"lf ... ,l
i
ACTIONS
Landine
Slabselfweight - x25
0.160 4.00 kN/m2
Permanent load (Excluding selfweight) - I.20 kN/m'
Characteristic perrnanent action, gp - 5.20 kN/m2
Characteristic variable action, q r, : 3.00 kN/m']
Designaction, nd :l.35gr+1.5qk ll.52kN/m'] -l-able
A l.2B : EN I990
Design of stairs

Example 8.1(b) : Stairwith landing and continuous at one end. page 2/4

Ref, Calculations Output

Flight
Slat selfiveight : x25
0.276 6.90 kNim'
Permanent load (Excluding selfiveight) 1.20 kNim'
Characteristic permanent action, gr : g.tO tNZ-t
Characteristic variable action, qr 3.00 kN/m'
Design action, nd : 1.35gr. + 7.5qu. 15.44 kN/m' Table A1.2B:EN 1990

ANALYSIS
Consider lm width,
15.44 kNim 11.52 kN/m
Total action,
F: (15.4a x2.70)
+ (11.52 x 1.60)
60.1 kN/m
Moment,
M: FL/10
: 60.1 x 4.30/ l0
25.9 kNm/m

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth.
cl : h-C -0.5Qu*
- 25 -
160 (0.5 x l0): 130 mm
Design moment, Ms6 25.9 kNm/m
K - M /bd2f.u
25.9 x106/ (1000 x 130'z x25)
0.061
Compression reinforcement is not required
: d 10.5 +,1 0.2s - K/1.134)l - 0.94 d < 0.95d
A, :M lO.87frrz Main bar:
25.9 x 106 I (0.87 x 5oo x 0.94 x l3o ) Ht0 - r50
485 mm2/m (524 rrrn-/m)
6l
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
A,.*,n- 0.26(f ,t^lfvu) bd : 0.26x (2.56 I 500) x bd
t,
: 0.0013 bd : 0.0013 x1000 x 130 : l/J nxn/m
0.04 x1000 x 160 - 6496 *-'l*
9.3. r.1(2) Secondary reinforcement Secondary bar :

A, : 20o of the main reinforcement Ht0 - 400

: 0.20 x 485 97 mmr/nr ( 196 mmr/m;

msv'09
 Design of stairs

Example 8.1(b) : Stairwith landing and continuous at one end.

Ref Calculations

SHEAR
25.9 kNm
kNim
ffi\
15.44 I1.52 kNim
+/
| )io , 16o
+
I

V^ 'Ve
>M @B :O
4.30 I/A - 25.9- (15.44x2.70 x2.95)
- (11.52 x 1.60 x 0.80) - 0
vr 163.6 / 4.30 : 38.0 kN/m
Vs (15.M x2.70) +(11.5 x 1.60) - 38.0
22.1 l,N/m

- force, /sa
Desigr shear 38.0 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
V p.a." : | 0.12 k 1100p 1f .y!t/3 1 bd
k : l+(2oo/d)t/2
' < 2.0
: l+(200 / 130) : 2.24
1/2
Use : 2.0
p1: Aglbd < 0.02
524 / (l0OO x 130) : 0.0040 Use.: 0.0040
Vxa."= x
0.12 x 2.0 (100 x 0.0040 x 25) x 1000 x llr,
67376 N/m : 67.4 kN/m
V^in : [ 0.035/. '''-f 1 bd
"ut't

- &347 Nim - 64.3 kN/m

Vxa." : 67.4 kN/m Vea

7.4 DEFLECTION
P erc entage of require d tens ion re inforc ement,
P Ar.r"rr / bd
485 / 1000 x 130 0.0037
Relerence re inforcement ralio,
: :125) '/2x10-r -
p
" (f ,v) "'x l0-'
Factor for structural system, K -
0.0050
Table 7.4N 1.3
p
, t r rr':l
F.qn. 7.16a
a',-rlrr-l5JI.^P.sz,lr.
p lr'
'r
llt I

I l
:1.3(11+ t0.1 + 3.r8) : 3r.5
172 lDesignofstairs

end' page 414

Example S.1(b) : Stairwith landing and continuous at one

Calculations

Modification factor for span less than 7 m

1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
: A,,o,oulAr,.or : 524 / 485 : 1.08 < l'5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
t)\
lt(r/alralfosble -
?1
Jt'J 5 x 1.00 x 1.08 34.0

Actual span-effective dePth

(lld)^c"ua 4300 / 130 : 33'1

CRACKING
-j :--io < 2oo mm
Main bar :
^
uqmu.sl&s
,-.:7h<400mm: 400mm
Max. bar spacing : 150 mm { Smat'slabs

Secondary bar :

Smu,slabs : 3.5h < 450 mm : 450 mm

Max' bar spacing : 400 mm ( S'"*'slabs

r0@ 170
: 1700
0.2L: 860

Concrete cover : 25 rnn-l

0l: H10-150
02: H10-150
03: HlO-400
04 '. HlO - 400 All units in mm
 Design of

Example 8.2 : Stair supported by landing

Ref, Calculations Output

260

L,,O
\-t
\,_
\'-f
hF--,2sFl
€-/
J-/
J,/
f-,2 CharacteristicActions:
--l|. permanent,g; : l.2kN/rr2 (Excludingselfweig
Variable, q 1 - 3.0 kN/ml
Materials:
Characteristic strength of concrete,./.L 25 N/rnrn2
Characteristic strength of steel,l,p 500 N/mmr
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 25 kN/mr
Assumed: Cover, C : 25 mm d w: l0 mm

ITIS\
Design of stairs

page 2/6
Example 8.2 : Stair supported by landing

AVERAGE THICKNqSS
y h .lG'+ R"1"'lGl
125l(2602+ ttoz )tl zaol : 149 mm

Average thickness
t : ly+0+R)lt2
ll49 +149 +1701 12 : 234mm

ACTIONS
Landine
Slab selfweight : 0.155 x 25 3.88 kN/m'Z

Permanent load (Excluding selfweight) : 1.26 kN/mz

:--S.OS LNl*'
Characteristic permanent action- g r
Characteristic variable action, q r. 3.00 kN/ml

Designaction, nd : t.35gt + 1'5qu 11.35 kN/m2 Table A1.2B : EN 1990

Flisht
Slab selfweight : O.234 x25 5.86 kN/m'?

Permanent load (Excluding selfwe ight) 1.20 kN/m']

Characteristic permanent action- g i

:--l.oe t Nl''''
Characteristic variable action- q r. 3.00 kNim2

Design action, nd : l'358:1+ 1'5qr 14.03 kN/# Table A l.2B : EN 1990

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF STAIR

Effective span, Z" : Lu t 0-51L.l+ L'D2)

Lu : Clear distance between supports

lur :The lesser of width of support I or 1'8 m
I uz : The lesser of width of support 2 or '8 m 1

:3450 mm
So, L" :2600 + 0.5 (200+ 1500)

Consider lm widtll

14.03 kN/m
Total action,
F : 14.03 x2.70
37.9 kN/m

Bending mornent.
M : FLI|O
: (37.9 x 3.45) / 10
l3.l kNr/m
 Design of stairs I 175

Example 8.2 : Stairsupported by landing page 3/6

Ref, Calculations Output

6.1 MAIN REINFOR9EMENT

Effective deptfr.
d : h-C -05Q6*
125 - 25 - (0.5x 10): 95 mm
Desigrmoment, Ms4 l3.l kNm/m
)
K M I bd"f,k
?
l3.l x106i (1000 x95 x25)
0.0s8
Compression reinforcement is not requir;
z : cl [0.5 +,[a25 - K/L134)l : 0.95 d s rr

A, :M l0.87fytz Main bar :

13.1 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 95 ) Hr0 - 200

= 334 mm-/m (393 rrnn2/m;
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Secondary bar :
A s.min: 0.26(f ty) bd : 0.26 x / 500) x
(2.56 1r Hl0 - 400
"1^/f
: 0.0013 bd : 0.0013 x1000 x 95 : l24T i t.l (196 rnrntlm;
1,.-*: 0.04-4" 0.04 x1000 x 125 :5000 '' :'l

SHEAR
13.1 kNm/m

\14.03 kN/m VB: | (14.03 x2.7t . -,_;)

H:t::::
:::J::::::.!:ffii::::r
-13.11 t3.45
ffi | 2.70 0-75 | - ll.0 kNim
,, t'
V oi ^ ,--t*|
3.45 tVs
| ' VA :(14.03 x2.70} r r.:)
26.8 kN/m
Design shear force, ZE6 26.8 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
Vxa,. : [0.12 k l(np 1f 1 bd
"y1tt3
k: 1+(2oold)il2,
: 1\200 195) =2.0
- 2.45 < 2.0
<
o, - A", lbd 0.02
: 393/ (1000x95) : 0.0041 0.O2
=
Zna..= 0.12 x2.0x (100x 0.0041 x25) x 10ffi
: 49664 N/m : 49.7 kN/m
V^i, : t tf,r' t
L 0.0j5ft I bd
- 0.035 *2,0''' *25t'' x 1000 x 95
- 47023 N/m : 47.0 kN/m

Zna." - 49.7 kN/m Vu ok!

msr''09
176 | Design of stairs

page 416
Example 8.2 : Stair supported by landing

DEFLECTION
entage of require d te ns ion re inforce me nt'
P e rc

p : ),,,"n/bd: 334i (looo x95):0'0035

',Reference re inforcement:ratio'
(25) '/2x10-r :
,- | i,U'D * lg-t
0.0050

Factor for structural system, K

: 1'3
Table 7.4N
P < Po
| | tt'tl
uTr P: -32J7*t+-'l
t- *lrr + r5
=
Eqn. 7.16a dlr'\ I

: 1.3 10.7 + 4.37)

(ll + : 33'8
7m
Modification factor for span less than
1.00
provided'
Modif,rcation factor for steel area
:Ar.p,o,/As.req : 3g3 1334 :1'11 <1'5
depth ratio'
Therefore allowable span-effective
(i /d)u11o*61" : 33'8 x 1'00 x 1'17 39'8

Actual sPan-e ffective dePth

(Ud)^","; 3450 l95 : 36'3

CRACKING
h: l25mm <200mm
Main bar :

S"'''labs : 3h <400 mrn : 375 mm

Max. bar sPacing

: 200 mm < S''u'slabs

Secondary bar :

Sm*''labs : 3'5h < 450 mm

: 437'5 mm
Max. bar sPacing
: 400 mm ( S-u''labs

: mm b : 1500 mm
Effective sPan, L
1.4AA
3400 mm

ffi
w kN/m Loading,
1r : rytmding + load from stair

# :(11-35 x1'50) +11'0

28.1 kN/m
V : Flz : (28.1 x3'40) 12
I 47.7 kN
M: FL 18
(28'1 x3-40)x3'40 /8
: : 40.5 kNm
 Design of stairs | 177

Example 8.2 : Stair supported by landing page

Ret Calculations Output

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
d : h-C -}jdw
155 - 25 - (0.5 x l0): 125 mm
Design moment, Mp4 40.5 kNm
1\ : lvt
'. /" Od'2-
Jck
40.5 x 106l (1500 x1252 xz5)
0.069
Compression reinforcement is not required
: d [0.5 +,1 0.25 - K/1.134)l : 0.93 d < 0.95d
A, : M /0.87fyxz
40.5 x 106 / (0.g7 x 500 x 0.g3 x 12s ) Main bar :
: 798 mm2 I4 HIO
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, (1100 mm2)
I s.rnin : 0.26(f bd : 0.26 x (2.56 I 500) x bd
: 0.0013"t^/fvr)
bd : 0.0013 x1500 x 125 : 250 rnm
1,,-*: 0.044" : 0.04 x1500 x 155 :9300 mm

SHEAR
Design shear force, Vpl 47.7 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance.
vs.a." : [ 0.12 k (loop rf ] bd
"r)tt3
k:1+1200/d)t/2
' t/2
<2.0
- 1+(200 I 125) : 2.26 < 2.0
Pt:As/bd <0.02
: 1100/ (1500 x125)- 0.0059 O.gE
VBd.,= 0.12 x2.0x (100x 0.0059 x25) = x 1500 t25
ll0l4l N 110.1 kN
t't.f
v,n,n - [ o.o35r bd
"*t't 1
0.035 x 2.0''' t25t" * 1500 x 125
92808N : 92.8kN

zna..- llo. lkN l./_,

uLd ok!
7.4 DEFLECTION
P erc entage of re q uired tens ion re inforce me nt,
p - 4,.,",t / bcl : 798 / (1500 xl25): 0.0043
Re ference reinforcemenl ratio,
p ,, : f.0 "2 x l0-' : (25)
r'2x10-3 0.0050
Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K : 1.0

msy'09
178 | Design of stairs

Example 8.2 : Stair supported by landing page 6/6

Ref, Calculations Output

Po
7 lrl:l
Eqn.7.l6a
,
nlp
|
;=,(lll+l.5Jf.^L'
-n
tzJilu-t) l
: 1.0 (11+ 8.8 + 1.17) 21.O
Modification factor for span less than 7 m
: 1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
-- A,.p,o,lA,'.q 1100 / 798 : 1.38 < 1.5
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,
(//d)u11o*61. : 21.0 x 1.00 x 1.38 28.9
Actual span-e ffective de pth
(l/d)^"tua 3400 I 125 -- 27.2 ok!

CRACKING
7.3.3 h: 155 mm < 200mm
9.3.1 Main bar :

Smar.slabs : 3h :< 400 mm

400 rnm
Max. bar spacing : [500 - 2(25) - l0] / 13
: 11 I mm ( S-.*.rlub, ok!

DETAILING

Reinforcement:
01 : HlO 200
02 : HlO 200
03 : H10 400
04 : H10 lll

msv'09
 Design of stairs | 179

Example 8.3 : Two spans of stairs intersect at right angles page l/4

Ref Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION

255:
I --l
t,
200 2550 200
r
200

;f
|

trfi,
:rttl

200
T- FT
al
tl
tl
tl
Lra)

G 255
--'1
I

Characteristic Actions :

Darmanpnt
r v,,r,q,,!,,r,5 a,
h - 1.0 kN/m2 ( Exc luding se lfwe ight)
Variable, q r - 3.0 kN/rnl
Materials:
Characteristic strength of concrete,./.1 : 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel,/ul 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 25 kN/mr
Assumed: Cover, C : 25 mm d*,: l0 rnm

msy '09
Design of stairs

Example 8.3 : Two spans ofstairs intersect at right angles page 2/4

Ref. Calculations Output

A\'ERAGE THICKNESS
y h.I(G'+R';''t/G1
150 [ 1255'+ nO' l'7 2551 : 180 mm
Average thickness
t : [y+(v+R))/2
[180 +180 +l7}l /2: 265mm

ACTIONS
Landins
Slab selfiveight : 0.150 x 25 3.75 kN/m'
Permanent load (Excluding selfweight) :. 1.00 kN/m2
Characteristic permanent action, g r. : +.ZS tNU-'
'l
Characteristic variable action, q r
Design action, nd : l.35gr + 1.5qr 10.91 kNim' Table A l.2B: EN 1990
Flieht
Slab selfiveight : x25
0.265 6.63 kN/m"
Permanent load (Excluding selfiveight) 1.00 kN/m"
Characteristic permanent action,gt : Z53 tNitn'
Characteristic variable action, q r 3.00 kN/m2
Desigrraction, nd :1.358.*+1.5qk 14.80kN/m'z Table A 1.28 : EN 1990

ANALYSIS
Consider lrn wi&h,
5.46 kN/m 14.80 kN/m
Total action,
F:(5.46x1.60)
+ (14.80 x2.65)
48.0 kN/m
M Bending Moment,
M_ FLIIO
47.96 x4.25 I 10
20.4 kNm/m
Shear force,
Ve: l(5.46x 1.60x 3.45)
+ (14.80 x2.65 x 1.33)
- 20.4) /4.25
14.5 kN/m
Ve: (5-46 x1.60)
+ (14.80 x2.65) - 14.5
: 33.4 kN/m

mst '09
 Design of stairs
I

Example 8.3 : Two spans of stairs intersect at right angles

page 3/4

Ref, Calculations Output

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth.
d : h-C -0.50a*
150 - 25- (0.5 x l0): 120 mm
Design moment, M E6 20.4 kNm/m
K : M/bd'.f"o
20.4 x 106 / (1000 x l}o2 x25)
0.057
Compression reinforcement is not required
z : d [0.s +,f-a2{ --xi.n+y : o.9s ds o.gsd
A, : M /0.87fyyz Main bar :
20.4 x 106 / q0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 120 ) Ht0 - 175
- +tz mm2,/m (449 rrritnl
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area, Secondary bar :
As.*in: 0.26(f 6,"1f ,*) bd : 0.26 x (2.56
/ 500) x bd H10 - 400
: 0.0013 bcl : 0.0013 x1000 x 120 169.*."/- (196 nrn-/m)
A,^n': 0.044" 0.04 x1000 x 150 :6969 rrrn'/*

SHEAR
Design shear force, ZE6 33.4 kN/m
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
vr<a."- [0.12 k (lo\p r.f ,x)1t3 I bcl
k - l+(2oo/d)tt2 <2.0
: l{200 / 120')'/': 2.29 < 2.0 Use : 2.0
p 1 : A,1 /bcl < 0.02 1/2
- 449 / (1000 x 120) - 0.0037 < 0.02
Vp.a.,- 0.12 x 2.0 x (100 x 0.0037 *Zsj" x 1000 x 120
60676 N/m = 60.7 kN/m
v,n,,, : I o.o35k ''t-f 1 bd
"ut't
0.035 x 2.0"' x25t" * 1000 x 120
59397 N/m = 59.4 kN/m

So. l/sa.. - 60.7 kN/m l/ Fcl ok!

7.4 DEFLECTION
Perc entage of required te ns ion re inforceme nt,
P Ar.,"q / bd
412 /1000 xt20 : 0.0034
Reference re inforcement ratio,
p : (f aJ '" x l0-t : (25) '/2x10-3 - 0.0050
"

msr '09
182 | Design of stairs

Example 8.3 : Two spans of stairs intercect at right angles page 4/4

Ref Calculations Output

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K : 1.3

P < Po
, | n )'''-l
+ l.s.i/* rz+3zl"frtf-'l
Eqn. 7.16a ;,, - Klrr
L
-n r -l \r ) I I

: 1.3 (11 + r0.9 + 4.92) 34.g

Modification factor for span less than 7 m
1.00
Modification factor for steel area provided,
: Ar,orou/Ar,,"q : 449 I 412 : 1.09 < 1.5

Therefore allowable span-e ffective de pth ratio,

(lld)arc*arc : 34.9 x 1.00 x 1.09 38.0
Actual span-e ffective depth
(lld)^a"a 4250 I 120 : 35.4 ok!

CRACKING
/ --"t --'t h: 150mm <200mm
9.3. r Main bar :

Smu,stabs : 3h < 400 mm : 400 mm

Max. bar spacing : 175 mm ( S'.u,.lub, ok!
Secondary bar :

Smu.slabs : 3.5h < 450 mm : 450 mm

Max. bar spacing : 400 mm { S-u..lub, ok!

DETAILING
1275
I
10142
Reinforcement:
\ /:;--
=)//,2
01 :
02 :
HlO
HlO
175
175 ?55 02r .it' I
./'7 i

03 : H10 400 .t'

04 : H10 400
Cover: 25

All units in mm

msy '09