IPS-I-IN-115(1)

FOREWORD

This Standard is intended to be used within and for Iranian Ministry of Petroleum (N.I.O.C, N.I.G.C,
N.P.C., N.I.O.R.D.C. and other affiliate organizations and companies) and has been prepared on
the basis of the recognized standards, scientific publications, technical documents, accumulated
knowledge and experiences in petroleum industries at national and international levels.

Iranian Petroleum Standards are prepared by Iranian Petroleum Standards Organization reviewed
and amended by the relevant technical standard committees to incorporate acceptable comments
made by oil, gas and petrochemical experts.

Standards are finally approved by the “Standards High Council” of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.

Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) are subject to amendment withdrawal, if required, thus the latest
edition of IPS shall be applicable.

Any comment or recommendation submitted to the “Iranian Petroleum Standards Organization” will
be evaluated in the relevant technical committee and will be considered in the next revision, upon
approval.

GENERAL DEFINITIONS:

Throughout this Standard the following definitions shall apply.

“COMPANY” : Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated companies of the Iranian Ministry of
Petroleum such as National Iranian Oil Company, National Iranian Gas Company, National
Petrochemical Company etc.

“PURCHASER” : Means the “Company “ Where this standard is part of direct purchaser order by
the “Company”, and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part of contract documents.

“VENDOR” and “SUPPLIER” : Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or fabricate the
equipment or material.

“WILL” : Is normally used in connection with the action by the “Company” rather than by a
contractor, supplier or vendor.

“MAY” : Is used where a provision is completely discretionary.

“SHOULD” : Is used where a provision is advisory only.

“SHALL” : Is used where a provision is mandatory.

IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS.

No. 19, Street 14, North Kheradmand Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
Tel. : 66153055
: 88810460
Fax. : 88810462
 February 2005

PERIODICAL INSPECTION

FOR

INSTRUMENTATION

FIRST EDITION

FEBRUARY 2005

This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner.
Neither whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party, reproduced, stored in
any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the
Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

CONTENTS : PAGE No.

1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................ 3
2. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 3
3. UNITS.............................................................................................................................................. 3
4. GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 3
4.1 Reasons for Inspection .......................................................................................................... 4
4.1.1 Safety of instrumentation ............................................................................................... 4
4.1.2 Continuity and efficiency of operation .......................................................................... 4
4.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection........................................................................................ 4
4.3 Causes of Deterioration.......................................................................................................... 4
4.3.1 Corrosion.......................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.2 Erosion.............................................................................................................................. 5
4.3.3 Mechanical deterioration ................................................................................................ 5
4.3.4 Fouling .............................................................................................................................. 6
4.4 Preparation for Inspection ..................................................................................................... 6
4.4.1 General.............................................................................................................................. 6
4.4.2 Precautions ...................................................................................................................... 6
4.4.3 Recommended tools ....................................................................................................... 7
5. FLOW INSTRUMENTS................................................................................................................... 7
6. LEVEL INSTRUMENTS .................................................................................................................. 9
7. TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................................ 10
8. PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS........................................................................................................ 11
9. RECEIVERS.................................................................................................................................. 12
10. AUTOMATIC CONTROLLERS .................................................................................................. 12
11. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL..................................... 13
12. SEALS, PURGES, AND WINTERIZING..................................................................................... 15
13. INSTRUMENT AIR-SUPPLY SYSTEMS.................................................................................... 17
14. HYDRAULIC-PRESSURE SYSTEMS ........................................................................................ 18
15. ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS FOR INSTRUMENTS.............................................................. 18
16. INSTRUMENT PANELS ............................................................................................................. 19
17. ANALYZERS AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS ............................................................................... 19
18. ALARMS AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 20
19. DCS AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................. 22
20. CONTROL VALVES AND POSITIONERS................................................................................. 23
21. MOTOR OPERATED VALVES................................................................................................... 25
21.1 Inspection Requirements ................................................................................................... 25
21.2 Frequency and Time of Lubrication Inspection............................................................... 25
21.3 Lubrication Inspection Procedures................................................................................... 26
22. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS .......................................................................................... 26
23. RECORDS AND REPORTS ....................................................................................................... 27
23.1 Records................................................................................................................................ 27
23.2 Reports................................................................................................................................. 28
23.3 Sample Record and Report System .................................................................................. 28
24. TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................... 28
24.1 Instruments.......................................................................................................................... 28
25 INSPECTION SCHEDULE........................................................................................................... 28

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APPENDICES:

APPENDIX A TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR INSPECTION OF INSTRUMENTS.............. 29

APPENDIX B TABLE 1 - INSPECTION TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT FOR FLOW METERS30
APPENDIX C FLOW INSTRUMENTS INSPECTION RECORD SAMPLE CARD FORM
DESCRIPTION OF INSTALLATION ................................................................................................ 32

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1. SCOPE

This Standard covers detailed requirements relating to the inspection to be performed regularly as
recommended herein for the Iranian Petroleum Industries. It is not intended as a maintenance
manual, but however, the inspection procedures suggested can be used in the preventive
maintenance program.

Particular attention should be given to inspection of those instruments which affect safety and
continuity of operation. Throughout this Standard, the use of the term "inspector" shall be construed
to mean a person or body qualified to perform the instrument inspection.

The instrument inspector and the instrument maintenance department of the plant should
collaborate in the inspection of the control valves, level-float gages, instrument air, hydraulic
systems, and any other similar instrument equipment where metal thickness measurement or
pressure testing are required.

Note: This is a revised version of the standard specification for instrumentation, which is issued as revision (1).
Revision (0) of the said standard specification is withdrawn.

2. REFERENCES

Throughout this Standard the following dated and undated standards/codes are referred to. These
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The applicability of changes in dated references that occur
after the cited date shall be mutually agreed upon by the company and the vendor. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including any supplements and
amendments) applies.

API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)

RP 500 "Recommended Practice for Classification of Areas for

Electrical Installation in Petroleum Refineries"

RP 521 "Pressure Reliving and Depressuring Systems"

RP 540 “Electrical Installation in Petroleum Refineries”

RP 552 "Transmission Systems"

RP 553 “Refinery Control Valves”

RP 14C "Analysis, Design, Installation and Testing of Basic Safety

Systems on Offshore Production Platforms"

ISA (INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA)

RP 7.1 "Pneumatic Control Circuit Pressure Test"

3. UNITS

International System of Units (SI) shall be used, except for temperature which shall be in degrees
Celsius and for pipes and fittings thread which shall be in inches and NPT, respectively.

4. GENERAL

Periodic inspection should be made on all instruments to check installation details, calibration,
materials of construction, and operation of the instrument involved. The knowledge obtained by
inspection shall be used for maintaining safety, improving continuity of operation, assuring product
quality, reducing the rate of deterioration, and predicting and scheduling the repair or replacement

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as required. The physical condition of equipment as well as the type, rate, and cause of
deterioration shall be determined by the inspectors.

4.1 Reasons for Inspection

4.1.1 Safety of instrumentation

Through the inspections performed, the bad conditions and malfunctions, that if left uncorrected
might cause failure of the instrument or serious process upsets or other conditions detrimental to
equipment and personnel, shall be revealed.

4.1.2 Continuity and efficiency of operation

Visual inspections performed during operating periods may result in the detection of the following
deficiencies:

- mechanical defects in the instrument devices

- plugged lines

- bent valve stems

- loose packing

- loose connections

- undue vibration

- or any other evidences of malfunction

Proper analysis and evaluation of these conditions shall be performed and followed by corrective
maintenance to obtain prolonged equipment life, extended continuous running periods, general
improvement of operations and increased overall efficiency.

4.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

4.2.1 The need and frequency of instrument inspection shall be primarily determined by severity of
the service encountered and overall effect on the plant operation, considering whether the
instrument can be readily isolated or can be inspected during shutdowns.

4.2.2 When suggestions made in this Standard do not fit a particular set of individual needs as
judged by the inspection body, it is recommended to make frequent inspections initially and based
on the information obtained by these inspections, adjust the inspection interval as a pattern of
experience and cost effectiveness. The inspection body shall consider the fact that:

"Those instruments inspected too infrequently may suffer costly failures between inspections while
on the other hand, it is impractical to conduct frequent inspections on some types of instruments."

4.2.3 To ensure that inspections, particularly those involving critical instruments, are carried out at
established intervals, a formal scheduling and reporting program shall be prepared for each plant. It
is usually practical to set up such a program on computer, if available.

4.3 Causes of Deterioration

Deterioration may be expected by one of the following causes.

4.3.1 Corrosion

Corrosion may be expected on the surface of all instrument equipment exposed to process fluids

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and on the unprotected surface of equipment subject to attack by moisture, salt air, fungi, or any
corrosive vapors might be present in a refinery atmosphere.

4.3.1.1 Internal corrosion

Corrosion may occur on any instrument part that contacts process fluid. The severity of the
corrosion depends upon the nature and concentration of the corrosive agents in the fluid and the
construction material’s resistance to corrosion.

In general, corrosion of instrument parts that contact process fluid is not a serious problem because
these parts are normally made of corrosion-resistant material or are suitably protected by using
seals or purge systems. Corrosion is most often encountered in control-valve bodies, orifice plates,
analyzers, chambers of certain level instruments, gage glasses, or other devices that must be
installed so that they are directly exposed to the process fluid.

The effects of corrosion are usually apparent from visual inspection. Obvious signs are pitting and
rust formation.

Internal corrosion is the most probable source of deterioration in the pneumatic instruments not in
service for a long period, and exposed to humid air instead of instrument air.

4.3.1.2 External corrosion

Deterioration resulting from attack by moisture, salt air, fungi, or corrosive vapors in the atmosphere
is the most common form of external corrosion. In hot, humid climates, these factors are the major
causes of instrument component failure. This type of deterioration is especially prevalent in
electronic instrument components.

Oxide or salt formation on metal surfaces subject to such corrosion can usually be detected by
visual observation. In addition, electrical components may also show symptoms of corrosion such
as fungus growths. A leaking or distorted capacitor is usually a sure sign of such deterioration.

4.3.2 Erosion

Orifice plates, control valves, thermowells, and other components exposed to flowing fluids may be
subject to erosion, depending upon the characteristics of the fluid and the operating conditions.
Some causes of erosion are:

1) High-pressure drop.

2) High velocity.

3) Solids-bearing streams.

4) Fluidized solids streams.

5) Flashing liquids.

6) Cavitating liquids.

4.3.3 Mechanical deterioration

Mechanical deterioration is not readily apparent to the inspector, and in most cases the cause can
only be determined after failure has occurred. The exception to this is mechanical abuse, which can
usually be detected by visual inspection.

4.3.3.1 Fatigue failure and wear

Fatigue failure and wear of moving parts are usually caused by oscillatory operation over a narrow

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portion of the instrument range. This condition is usually encountered where mechanical vibration or
process oscillations are present.

Any device inserted into the process stream is subject to fatigue failure and wear caused by high
fluid velocities and flow.

4.3.3.2 Mechanical abuse

Mechanical abuse usually results in obvious damage, such as broken glass, bent valve stems, and
dented or cracked instrument housings. In general, failure from mechanical abuse is caused by
accidents, misuse, or careless handling of equipment. Control-valve stems have been bent or
distorted from excessive torque as a result of the use of valve wrenches on the handwheel. Many
failures have also been caused by the use of various instrument components as step stools when
climbing or when trying to reach inaccessible locations, or by the use of components as supports for
additional equipment.

4.3.3.3 Exceeding instrument limits

Overranging or exceeding the mechanical or electrical limits of an instrument or instrument

component is often a cause of instrument damage. It is usually the result of improper operation of
the instrument or use of an improper specification for it. A common failure of this type results from
the use of a pressure gage without sufficient consideration for its intended operating range. During
hydrostatic testing, instruments must be isolated from the pressure.

4.3.3.4 Overheating or freezing

Exposure of an instrument to hot process fluids or to external heat sources, such as sunlight, flash
fires, or adjacent hot equipment, can cause overheating and resultant damage to the instrument.
Inspection should include a check of instrument components vulnerable to overheating, such as
electronic components, gaskets, and packing. Insufficient heat tracing and insulation can result in
damage due to freezing.

4.3.4 Fouling

Fouling, or build-up of foreign material on instrument system components, can occur on parts
exposed to certain process fluids. The effect of fouling can impair operation of the instrument
involved. Visual inspection of internal parts will usually reveal build-up.

4.4 Preparation for Inspection

4.4.1 General

Unlike major pieces of equipment, such as vessels and furnaces, many measurement and control
devices may be inspected and replaced or repaired, if necessary, while the process plant is in
operation. In most cases the device will have to be blocked off, vented, and drained. These
operations shall be attempted only by a person familiar with both the process and the safe handling
of the equipment and fluids involved. Generally, operating personnel of the unit involved will handle
this task. During such operations, knowledge of trouble symptoms is needed to determine if special
precautions need to be taken, or if protective devices may be required. Fluids at elevated
temperatures and toxic chemicals present particular problems. If a device is part of an automatic
control system, the plant operator must be in a position to place that portion of the plant affected on
manual control.

4.4.2 Precautions

During any inspection or calibration in classified areas, the area classification shall not be violated.
Incorrectly classified test instruments shall not be used unless suitable safety permits have been
obtained.

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The person involved in the inspection and testing of instruments should also be alert to the hazards
of handling mercury, which is used in some instruments and test equipment, and shall be aware of
how to contain and dispose of mercury spills.

Devices used in dirty service (such as crude oil, slurry, bottoms, and the like) must be thoroughly
cleaned before the inspection can be effective. Special care must be exercised in cleaning devices
used in acid or caustic service.

4.4.3 Recommended tools

4.4.3.1 In addition to the common hand tools, such as; screwdrivers, assorted wrenches, and pliers,
some necessary useful tools and test equipment for performing the inspection work are presented
in Appendices A and B.

5. FLOW INSTRUMENTS

5.1 Description of Types

Industrial flowmeters are generally categorized based upon principle of operation. The more
common categories include head or differential pressure meters, variable area meters, positive
displacement meters, turbine or propeller meters, magnetic flow meters, and vortex shedding
meters. Components of each flowmeter can be classified as primary or in-line flow devices and
secondary flow devices. Examples of primary devices are orifice plates, flow nozzles, and venturi
tubes. Typical in-line devices are variable area meters, positive displacement meters, turbine
meters, magnetic flow meters, and vortex shedding meters. Secondary devices include differential
pressure transmitters, bellows meters, and variable area transmitters.

5.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

5.2.1 Most flow elements and in-line flow devices cannot be isolated from the process and shall be
checked only when the line, in which they are mounted, is not in service. Exception is when orifice
holders (senior type) are installed and allow removal and inspection of orifice plates without
interrupting service or retractable vortex and pitot tube devices where inspection can be carried out
with energized line.

5.2.2 When a flow element cannot be isolated from the process, only previous experience can be
used to determine its general condition. Further detailed checks, measurements, calibrations, or
repairs of such instruments shall be scheduled to be performed at the next shutdown of the plant.

5.2.3 Secondary devices, such as transmitters, recorders, and controllers, shall be checked for
compatibility with their pertinent primary elements and for conformance with original designs, each
time they are inspected.

Additional routine checks and calibrations by qualified personnel will depend upon the process
requirements, plant practice, and previous experience.

5.2.4 Equipment that is remotely located, or that for some other reason is subjected to a complete
inspection infrequently, shall be checked visually at regular intervals.

5.2.5 The routine inspection frequency for flow instruments shall be considered once per month
initially. However, if a high degree of accuracy is required, the frequency may be increased
accordingly or the inspection interval may be considered longer as determined by previous
experience.

5.3 Methods of Inspection

5.3.1 Primary devices

5.3.1.1 Inspection of the primary elements requires careful measurement of orifice throats and

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critical points on flow nozzles or venturi tubes, and comparison with the original design dimensions.
Pipe approaches to the primary element and the leads from the element to the first block valves
shall be carefully cleaned of all foreign matter.

5.3.1.2 Costly units, such as flow nozzles and venturi tubes, can sometimes be corrected for even,
smooth wear by recomputing the meter factor and making use of the measured element
dimensions. This shall be done when throat wear increases the area dimensions from 0.2 to 1
percent depending upon the importance of the measurement. Before recomputing a meter factor, it
is good practice to recheck other base meter data, such as viscosity, temperature, and pressure for
the fluid being measured.

5.3.1.3 Orifice plates shall be inspected for sharpness and squareness of edges. When the sharp
edge of an orifice becomes nicked or noticeably rounded, the plate shall be replaced or remachined
and recomputed.

5.3.1.4 Pitot tubes in the various forms that are available shall be inspected on a regular basis to
ensure there is no deterioration from the original installation.

5.3.1.5 For vortex instrument where formation of wax present in the fluid may cause erratic
measurement, periodical inspection shall be carried out for indication of this wax formations.

5.3.2 In-line flow devices

5.3.2.1 Field inspection of positive displacement meters consists of observing register operation and
visually inspecting for leakage. Strainers shall be checked for clogging or breakage, and air
eliminators shall be checked for proper operation. Shop inspection consists of dismantling and
inspecting component parts for binding, wear, erosion, corrosion, and dirt accumulations. All worn
parts shall be replaced, since repair of parts is seldom economical or satisfactory. Calibration shall
be made by comparison with a standard meter or by passing a measured volume through the meter
to a calibrating tank or prover.

For process work, accuracy is usually held to 1 percent on the test run. Some of these instruments
can be calibrated to within 0.1 percent or less, if required, and normally are so calibrated for custody
transfer applications.

5.3.2.2 Inspection of variable area meters, turbine meters, magnetic flow meters, and vortex meters
usually consists of checking for fouling, wear, and binding of critical parts.

5.3.3 Secondary devices

5.3.3.1 Differential pressure devices are checked for plugged lead lines and accuracy of calibration.
5.3.3.2 Complete inspection of motion-producing devices usually consists of checking the meter
bearing shaft for freedom of movement and proper lubrication, cleaning, and checking for mercury
quantity and proper sealing (if required).

5.3.3.3 Normal inspection of the meter secondary device consists of checking and calibrating the
transmitter.

5.3.3.4 For smart type secondary devices, the configurations shall be checked.

5.3.4 Orifice holders

5.3.4.1 When orifice holders (senior type) are installed for orifice plates, they shall be checked for
opening and closing slide valve operation, and lubricant of the holder, even if the orifice plate
inspection is not required.

5.3.4.2 The orifice holders shall be checked and lubricated according to the manufacturer
recommended method and frequency of inspection.

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6. LEVEL INSTRUMENTS

6.1 Description of Types

Level is measured by observing gage glasses, by sensing float buoyancy or position, and by
observing head or differential pressure. Electronic devices employing the principles of sonic
measurement or detecting changes in conductivity, capacitance, radar, or nuclear phenomena are
also commonly used. With the exception of gage glasses, which serve only to indicate level, most
instruments may indicate, record, transmit, or control, in any combination, liquid-levels or liquid
interface levels in open and closed vessels.

6.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

6.2.1 Level instruments installed within process vessels under pressure can be checked only when
the vessels are not in operation. They shall be examined and the general condition noted as
determined by previous experience. The need for further detailed checks, measurements,
calibrations, or repairs may then be determined and accomplished at the next shutdown.

6.2.2 Gage glasses, external displacers, differential-head-type devices, and the like which can be
isolated by means of block valves shall be visually inspected not less than once a year. More
frequent inspection of these devices is needed only if extreme accuracy is required, if they are in
severe service, or if they are essential to proper unit operation.

6.3 Methods of Inspection

6.3.1 General

Block valves and piping used with level instruments are discussed elsewhere in inspection
standards. Valves and piping will be subject to pressure tests with other equipment, and any leaks
or defects will usually be detected and eliminated.

6.3.2 Gage glasses

Glasses shall be inspected visually. Cracked glasses and those etched or sandblasted shall be
replaced with the properly specified glass. The vendor’s recommendations for torquing-up the bolts
should be followed carefully to avoid stressing the glass. Check packing glands and valve seats
(and ball checks, if used) in gage cocks.

6.3.3 Float tank gages

Float, cable, or tape seal (if used) as well as pulleys, may be inspected visually for defects. Binding
or friction can be detected by manually bumping the gaging system and observing its operation.

6.3.4 Differential pressure instruments

The inspection procedure is the same as outlined for flowmeters (see 5.3.3).

6.3.5 Floats

Dismantle the unit and visually inspect the float, float shaft, bearings, and seals for defects. Check
for binding or friction in seals.

6.3.6 Displacers

Dismantle the unit as required to visually inspect the displacer, torque tube, and bearings or flexure
element for defects.

Make sure the torque tube or flexure element is holding the displacer in proper suspension and that
the displacer is not rubbing against the side of the case.

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6.3.7 Electronic instruments

Most capacitance, ultrasonic, or conductivity probes and probe insulators must be free of deposits
and dirt, and the probe must not touch any part of the vessel in which it is suspended. Relay action
may be checked by shorting the probe to ground or by actually varying the liquid level in the vessel
or piping. The manufacturer’s literature generally outlines specific troubleshooting and checking
procedures and should be referred to, when inspecting the instrument.

6.3.8 Nuclear-type instruments

Nuclear-type instruments require a radioactive source mounted on a vessel or a line. These sources
are a possible radiation hazard and shall be identified by suitable signs as prescribed by OSHA, or
atomic energy agency regulations. Manufacturers’ instruction manuals should be followed closely in
checking nuclear-type instruments in order to prevent undue radiation exposure to personnel.

Only those individuals trained (and licensed, where necessary) in the handling of radioactive
materials and cognizant of agency regulations should be permitted to work directly with the source
of radiation. These individuals shall also be responsible for the radiation source and for
measurement of radiation levels before work is performed in the immediate area by anyone. It is
important that all Iranian Atomic Energy Regulation be observed in handling and testing radioactive
devices.

6.3.9 Radar-type instruments

Radar type instruments are usually used in hazardous area for level transmission. The transmitter is
an intelligent non-contracting type using a high performance microprocessor and smart
echotracking features together with its high sensitivity. The radar transmitter can detect and
evaluate all echoes within the tank or vessel handling wide range of levels of process conditions
with high repeatability, flexibility, wide selection of antennas and materials. There is no moving parts
and no contact with the liquid using this type of transmitter.

7. TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS

7.1 Description of Types

Temperature measurements are usually made using thermocouple, resistance bulb, bimetallic, and
filled system primary elements. Temperature instruments may indicate, record, control, or transmit,
in any combination, by means of pneumatic or electronic systems.

7.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

Primary devices are generally installed in wells so that they can be removed for inspection
whenever they appear to be malfunctioning. In highly corrosive or erosive service, the well should
be checked during each turnaround. The measuring instrument or secondary device usually can be
inspected at any time without a shutdown.

7.3 Methods of Inspection

7.3.1 Visual inspection shall be made for mechanical defects, loose wires, moisture, and corrosion.
Such items as missing thermocouple head and conduit covers shall be replaced. Accuracy checks
shall be made by comparison with accepted standards. Thermocouple and resistance-bulb systems
can usually be calibrated in place using portable electronic test equipment.

Bimetallic and filled primary element systems must usually be checked in a shop using a heated
bath test unit.

7.3.2 Resistance bulbs, except when used for temperature-difference measurement, shall be
accurate to within 0.5°C.

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7.3.3 Thermocouple extension wires normally keep its original characteristics when used within
recommended temperature limits, but thermocouples exposed to high temperature in various
atmospheres may change characteristics. To avoid the continuous use of thermocouples with
excessive deviations from original characteristic due to such exposure or contamination, it is good
practice to check the thermocouples at regular intervals.

The purpose of checking the installed thermocouple is not to determine its temperature EMF
characteristics, but to determine the temperature error in actual service, this can most readily be
done by temporary installation of a new or checking thermocouple alongside the service
thermocouple or in its place and comparison of the readings.

Thermocouples that calibrate to within 1.5°C in the range of -20°C to 600°C are considered
satisfactory for process work. Other primary elements shall be able to produce an accuracy of
maximum 1 percent of full-scale deflection of the secondary element.

8. PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

8.1 Description of Types

Pressure measurements are made by using bourdon tube, diaphragm, and bellows-type primary
elements. Gage pressure, differential pressure, absolute pressure, and vacuum can each be
measured with variations of the basic primary elements.

Secondary devices may indicate, record, control, or transmit, in any combination, by means of
pneumatic, electronic, or hydraulic systems.

8.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

8.2.1 Primary devices are generally installed with block valves so that these instruments can be
isolated from the process. Secondary indicating, recording, or controlling instruments can usually
be isolated from the primary device. This allows the instrumentation to be inspected, maintained,
and calibrated as necessary.

8.2.2 The frequency of inspection required to maintain an instrument’s serviceability and calibration
will generally be determined by experience. Instruments that are subjected to severe process
operating conditions or that must be maintained at peak performance will probably require more
frequent inspections.

8.2.3 Often the process impulse connections can be checked only during a plant shutdown. They
should be inspected for evidence of plugging or corrosion.

8.3 Methods of Inspection

8.3.1 Pressure-measuring instruments and their connecting leads shall be inspected for leaks,
distortion, vibration, plugging, and maintenance of seals. The racks, pinions, and linkages shall be
inspected for excessive wear and misalignment. Cracked or distorted bourdon tubes, bellows, and
diaphragms, as well as worn racks, pinion assemblies, clips, and linkages, shall be replaced.
Broken glass shall be replaced in order to protect the instrument from corrosion, moisture, and dirt.
Instruments with a range of more than 2.5 meter of water shall be checked on a dead-weight tester,
with a mercury column, or by comparison with an indicating or recording test gage.

8.3.2 Indicating or recording test gages are frequently used as secondary standards, both in the
shop and in the field, as a basis of comparison. In the field the test gage is connected to the same
pressure as the service gage. This method of testing is often used when it is undesirable to remove
the service gage from its mounting. Test gages shall be calibrated by the most accurate methods
available. Wherever possible, maximum error shall be not more than 0.5 percent of the full-scale
gage reading. Differential pressure bellows or diaphragm instruments shall be checked with a water
column, using an air-loading system. Remote transmission receivers shall be calibrated as outlined
in the manufacturer’s service manuals.

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8.3.3 As far as practical, the plant instrument workshop shall calibrate all pressure instruments to
the accuracy of the manufacturer’s guarantee before returning them to service, giving special
attention to test gages and gages intended for critical service. Exact calibration should be obtained
in the expected operating pressure.

9. RECEIVERS

9.1 Description of Types

Receivers most commonly used are analog indicators and recorders that are dedicated to one or
more process variables. Usually, large case analog recorders are used in the field while miniature
strip chart analog recorders are used in control panel displays.

Two or three pen trend recorders, which have the capability of selecting one variable per pen from a
number of process variables, are sometimes used. Digital multipoint indicators are also used in
many monitoring applications.

9.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

Inspection of recorders and indicators is generally limited to observation of their performance on a

day-to-day basis. Their construction often permits substituting spare components for faulty ones via
plug-in modules.

9.3 Methods of Inspection

Recorder chart drives shall be checked for time accuracy. Sprockets should engage the chart
securely. Pens should be checked for proper inking and pressure on the chart. If circumstances
permit, accuracy checks shall be made by comparison with proper standards.

10. AUTOMATIC CONTROLLERS

10.1 Description of Types

An automatic controller is a mechanism that measures or receives the value of a variable quantity of
condition and corrects or limits the deviation of this measured value from a selected reference. an
automatic controller includes both the measuring means and the controlling means.

10.1.1 Measuring means

The measuring means are those elements of an automatic controller involved in ascertaining and
communicating to them controlling mechanism the value of the process variable. The effect
produced by a deviation of the process variable may be a change of pressure, force, or position, or
a change of electrical potential, resistance, or current. The measuring means of the automatic
controller may indicate or record or may be a blind controller.

10.1.2 Controlling means

The controlling means are those elements of an automatic controller involved in producing a
corrective action. The controlling means may be powered by a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electronic
system.

10.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

10.2.1 Inspection of automatic controllers requires both trained operating and instrument personnel
to have a good understanding of the process and familiarity with the instrument.

10.2.2 Evaluation of control performance of the controllers shall be made each day unless the
operating experience indicates longer frequency. Detailed checks, calibration, or maintenance shall
be made either by operation request or during the shut-down period for overhaul of the plant.

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10.2.3 Pneumatic controllers are reliable instruments and the only source of deterioration for these
types of instruments is the supply air (must be clean and dry) and the surroundings atmosphere
(therefore their case must be kept intact and tightly closed). Dirty and wet supply air has an adverse
effect, since most pneumatic instruments are designed so that a nozzle bleed discharges within the
case to purge the case interior. Despite the purge consideration of the pneumatic controllers, bad
weathering and salt air will deteriorate the apparatus inside the case and possibly the piping
connections thereto unless the materials are completely suitable for that specific environment.
external visual inspection, as frequently as once a month, will usually be sufficient for maintenance
planning and scheduling.

The inspector shall promptly report broken glass, defective doors or door gaskets, or other visual
evidence that the case seal is unsatisfactory, since the internal mechanisms of pneumatic
controllers may be seriously damaged by continued exposure to surrounding atmosphere.

Motion balance instruments require more frequent inspection than the force balance systems as
motion of the levers can cause erosion at the bearings.

10.2.4 Inspection of electronic controllers shall be generally limited to observing their performance.
The controller modular construction often permits substituting a plug-in circuit board or component
in place of the faulty one.

10.2.5 Hydraulic controllers are ruggedly built and will give good results with infrequent attention.
The visual inspection shall be performed for leakage of hydraulic fluid evidences once a month.

Qualified personnel shall perform annual inspection shall be performed for checking of the
contamination of hydraulic fluid and component deterioration specially the seals, unless operating
experience indicates longer intervals of inspection.

10.3 Methods of Inspection

10.3.1 The inspection of automatic controllers is almost invariably visual. If the instrument is a
recording controller, an examination of control record will usually reveal erratic controller
performance. It should be emphasized that a poor control record does not necessarily indicate
trouble with controller, but an investigation should be made for possible disturbances elsewhere in
the process before any adjustments or repairs are made to the controller. Trouble may also be
caused by faulty operation of the control valve resulting from excessive stuffing box friction, foreign
material in the body of the valve, leaks in the air line, or other causes. Therefore, valve operation
shall be checked before any work is performed on the controller instrument.

The adjustment of the controller modes settings require good knowledge of the process, usually the
increase of proportional band will eliminate the controlled variable fluctuation and increase of reset
or integral (repeat per minute) setting will decrease the off set between the measurement and set-
point.

10.3.2 If no trouble is located outside the instrument, the behavior of the output signal with respect
to the movement of the pen or pointer shall be observed which will usually reveal sluggishness or
lost motion in the control mechanism if either is present.

11. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL

11.1 Description of Types

11.1.1 Measurement transmission systems

Measurement transmission systems consist of lines connecting automatic controllers (usually

mounted on a control panel) with locally mounted primary control elements and transmitters being
pneumatic or electronic.

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11.1.2 Control transmission systems

Control transmission systems consist of lines connecting automatic controllers to the locally
mounted final control elements, being pneumatic or electronic.

11.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

11.2.1 Problems can be encountered in pneumatic transmission systems as a result of component

failure or leaks in the system.

The difficulty may appear as an erroneous instrument reading or no reading at all; or it may appear
as instability or cycling of the measurement or controller, output or both. Properly installed
pneumatic transmission lines that are protected against mechanical damage, damage from fire, or
other abuses and those constructed of suitably corrosion resistant materials seldom fail in service.

11.2.2 Annual inspection of pneumatic transmission systems shall be performed unless operating
experience indicates otherwise. If the presence of leaks is suspected, then pressure tests and other
operational checks shall also be made during turnaround (overhaul) period.

11.2.3 Frequency and time of inspection of electrical transmission lines is the same as is covered
under electrical systems 11.3.2, article 15 hereafter, and also in electrical inspection standard IPS-I-
EL-215 “Initial & Periodical Inspection in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres” (Hazardous Area).

11.3 Method of Inspection

11.3.1 Pneumatic systems

11.3.1.1 Pneumatic measurement and control signal shall be in the range of 0.2-1 bar or within the
range required for the operation of the equipment.

11.3.1.2 Transmission and control lines shall be inspected for continuity, tightness, leaks and
plugging.

11.3.1.3 Tubing runs shall be checked for proximity to excessive heat source that might affect
instrument performance.

11.3.1.4 If a more thorough inspection of pneumatic transmission lines necessitates an actual

pressure testing, then procedures outlined in ISA RP 7.0.0.1 (pneumatic control circuit pressure
test) shall be followed.

11.3.1.5 If a leak in a control line is suspected during operation of the unit, then the leak can be
verified by putting the instrument in a sealed position (when seals are used) and noting the drop in
the control valve air pressure.

11.3.2 Electrical systems

11.3.2.1 Electronic measurement and control signal shall be within 4-20 mA range for 2 wire
systems.

11.3.2.2 Transmission and control lines shall be inspected for continuity, shortage, and ground.

11.3.2.3 Wire runs shall be checked for proximity to source of excessive heat or stray electrical
fields (which might affect the instrument performance), and any physical damage to the insulation of
the cables.

11.3.2.4 Electrical leads shall be inspected carefully in all cases where shielding and grounding are
necessary for proper operation of the instrument.

11.3.2.5 The insulation megger test voltage shall be suitable for the system under test. Usually

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500V megger is used for pilot cables of on/off signals and OHM meters for signal wires, but this test
voltage shall not, by any means, exceed the voltage specified of the cables.

12. SEALS, PURGES, AND WINTERIZING

12.1 Description of Types

12.1.1 Seals (liquid and mechanical)

12.1.1.1 Fluid seals consist of immiscible fluids that are nonreactive with the measured process
fluid. Direct fluid seals (process fluid over seal fluid) are used when the seal fluid is heavier than the
measured process fluid. Indirect fluid seals (process fluid under seal fluid) are used when the seal
fluid is lighter than the measured process fluid.

12.1.1.2 Mechanical seals consist of metallic or non-metallic mechanical diaphragms in contact with
the measured process fluid. They are connected to the instrument mechanism by means of filled
system.

12.1.2 Purges

Purging is a pressurized fluid introduced into the process line at the primary element to prevent the
process fluid from entering the instrument system. Therefore the purge media is selected of
materials not harmful to the process or the instrument.

12.1.3 Winterization of instruments

Winterization of instruments and the instrument system is a preventive measure taken to ensure the
proper functioning of instruments installed on equipment that handles process fluid that may be
adversely affected by cold weather conditions. Cold weather may cause process fluids to freeze,
congeal, or form hydrates within the instrument components or piping, or both.

Winterization is accomplished by one or a combination of the following methods:

1) Installation of instrument components in heated protection houses.

2) Use of steam jackets around instrument equipment.

3) Steam or electric tracing of instrument components or piping or both.

4) Use of integral heating elements within the instrument components.

Note: In applications where, process fluid heating is applied for antifreeze of regulators, the inspection
is similar to other instruments as mentioned herein.

12.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

12.2.1 Liquid and mechanical seal systems

12.2.1.1 Routine preventive maintenance check procedures shall be arranged with desirable
frequency determined by operating experience.

12.2.1.2 The suggested period for the above mentioned procedure is on annual basis for most
instruments.

12.2.1.3 For very important process streams where material balance is critical or where the meter
data are used for buying and selling, monthly intervals are recommended.

12.2.1.4 Filled-system mechanical diaphragm seals shall be inspected visually on an annual basis
unless operating experience indicates otherwise.

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12.2.2 Purge devices

12.2.2.1 Purge devices shall be inspected usually once a month for non-critical instruments.

12.2.2.2 Where instrument performance adversely affected by loss of purge or hazardous condition
may result in case of purge system deterioration, then daily inspection shall be considered.

12.2.3 Winterizing equipment

12.2.3.1 Since, proper functioning of the instrument system will depend on satisfactory condition of
the winterization system, therefore, inspection of these systems shall be performed weekly during
severe ambient conditions.

12.2.3.2 Inspection of winterization measures can be made concurrently with the inspection of the
instrument systems in non-cold seasons of the year.

12.3 Methods of Inspection

12.3.1 Seals

12.3.1.1 Fluid seals shall be inspected for proper level of seal fluid in the pot.

12.3.1.2 Check shall be made to see that the process fluid (or the seal fluid) has not corroded the
sealing pot, and that the instrument lines between the primary and secondary elements slope
continuously from the measured point to the instrument.

Pockets in such lines (resulted of accidental mechanical damages) are a common source of trouble
and shall be removed immediately.

12.3.1.3 The valve in any sealing system shall be examined closely for leakage. Leaks in the
packing around stuffing boxes in the valves of any sealing system are probably the greatest source
of trouble in this type of equipment.

12.3.1.4 Mechanical seal systems shall be inspected for possible leaks. If the diaphragm seal
assembly can be disconnected from the process, the diaphragms shall be inspected for cracks or
other damages.

12.3.2 Purging

Purging system should be inspected to ensure a continuous stream of purge medium flow at a
constant rate through the lead lines. In the case of differential pressure instruments, the flow of
purge medium shall be approximately equal and constant in each lead.

12.3.3 Winterizing

12.3.3.1 All steam-traced installations shall be checked for overheating, leaks or plugging in the
steam lines, and for proper insulation.

12.3.3.2 Heat enclosures in winterizing systems shall be inspected for signs of deterioration from
accidental physical abuse as well as environmental conditions.

12.3.3.3 Steam traps on jacketing and tracing applications (if used) shall be checked for their
performance.

12.3.3.4 Electrical traced, systems panel box, shall be checked for electrical failure periodically to
detect the probable faults.

12.3.3.5 Thermostats (where furnished) shall be checked for proper setting and operation.

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12.3.3.6 Insulation on winterizing systems (whether for heat conservation or for protection of
personnel) shall be inspected for general physical condition as well as for firmness of attachment to
the equipment or piping.

13. INSTRUMENT AIR-SUPPLY SYSTEMS

13.1 Description of Types

Instrument air-supply systems range from small systems for individual operating units to large
control systems for serving more than one operating unit simultaneously. The number of users in
any system, large or small, depends upon many factors which one of them is quality of the
instrument air desired. Any number of variations can be found when comparing the instrument air
supply systems of various refineries. For example:

1) Compressors can be electric motor driven or steam turbine driven type.

2) Compressor shall be non-lubricated oil free type.

3) Operating pressure levels vary to suit local conditions or preferences.

4) Sometimes, intermediate-pressure instrument air header systems are also employed.

5) Air driers may be heated or heatless types. They are detailed in instrument air system
standard IPS-E-IN-200 “Engineering Standard for Instrument Air System”.

13.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

13.2.1 Since working of pneumatic instruments depend on the quality of the air supply, it shall be
clean, dry, and at a closely regulated pressure.

13.2.2 Observation of system pressure and oil or moisture content shall be done daily.

13.2.3 Inspection of the air system for anything more than visible faults shall be left to qualified
expert personnel only.

13.2.4 A pre-winter inspection shall be made to assure dryer operation at a sufficiently low dew-
point to prevent freezeups.

13.2.5 Stand-by air supply source shall be checked monthly.

13.3 Methods of Inspection

13.3.1 Inspection of air-supply systems shall include checks of filters and associated equipment for
leaks and for proper operation.

13.3.2 The oil and moisture content of the air shall also be checked to ensure that; it is not above
the tolerable limits.

13.3.3 Receiver air sets and low points in the headers shall be blown-down regularly.

Air driers are usually supplied with dew-point indicators or dew-point detectors, they should be
checked visually on daily basis.

Heatless drier changes from drying to regeneration cycle in about 10 to 15 minutes, for heater type
this period is about 8 hours. The change over cycle should be checked daily for air driers.

13.3.4 Where stand-by or emergency sources of air supply are provided, they shall be checked for
proper operation by simulating the failure mode of the main source.

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13.3.5 Piping shall be inspected as outlined in the piping inspection standards.

14. HYDRAULIC-PRESSURE SYSTEMS

14.1 Description of Types

Hydraulic-pressure systems usually consist of storage drums and an accumulator to store the fluid
under pressure, pumps to supply the pressure, and assorted relief valves and controls to assure
satisfactory performance.

Larger control systems may also include a low-pressure storage drum and spare pumps for
operation during emergency conditions.

14.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

14.2.1 Although visual observation usually does not show any potential failure, but a drop in the
hydraulic system pressure may be a hint of impending trouble that shall be checked regularly.

14.2.2 The proper functioning of hydraulic components depends upon the availability of clean,
regulated oil supply at all times. therefore monthly checks shall be made on the system oil reservoir
level unless experience determines less frequent intervals to be adequate.

14.3 Methods of Inspection

14.3.1 Inspection of the hydraulic system shall be performed by checking for leaks, proper operating
pressures, and cleanliness and physical condition of the filter.

14.3.2 Where stand-by or emergency sources of hydraulic supply are provided, they shall be
checked for proper operation by simulating a failure of the main source.

15. ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS FOR INSTRUMENTS

15.1 Description of Types

15.1.1 Instruments that require electric power are normally connected to the plant power system.
Many plants are also equipped with stand-by electrical power supplies for instrument circuits and for
certain lighting circuits.

15.1.2 Some instruments commonly supplied from uninterruptable power supplies are computer
installations, electronic instruments, flame safety instruments, and protective and shutdown devices.

15.1.3 Alternate power supplies can be standby generators, batteries, or other suitable devices
arranged to cut in either automatically or manually.

15.1.4 Sources of descriptive information on power supply systems may be referred in API RP-540
and API RP-552.

15.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

15.2.1 Generally each manufacturer has his own special requirements for inspection of his
equipment. Therefore, the manufacturer’s literature shall be consulted for recommendations
concerning frequency and time of inspection.

15.2.2 Standby electrical power supplies shall be inspected as frequently as the regular systems. In
addition, the alternate power supply systems shall be operated at best once per month by
simulating faults in the main supply systems.

Obviously, such tests shall be conducted carefully to minimize the possibility of plant upsets.

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15.3 Methods of Inspection

15.3.1 Electrical power supply systems shall be checked for shorts, grounds, loose connections,
damaged insulation, and corroded conduits to ensure that they are adequately protected against
mechanical damages.

15.3.2 The operation of the system shall be checked to determine that it is at the proper frequency
and voltage level and that the voltage regulation is within the limits required by the instruments
receiving the supplied power.

15.3.3 Where standby or emergency sources of power are provided, they shall be checked as
carefully as the main source and, in addition, shall be checked for proper operation by simulating a
failure of the main source.

Note: All aforementioned inspection of electronic power systems shall be done by qualified personnel
(instrument or electrical).

16. INSTRUMENT PANELS

16.1 Description of Types

The purpose of an instrument panel is to enable operating personnel to maintain efficient and safe
performance of the unit from a control location. There are three major types of instrument panels;
conventional, semigraphic, and console type. Each of these types of panels can be electronic,
pneumatic or a mixture of these two technologies. Panels have their piping and wiring for
instruments behind the panel. For additional information, refer to API RP-554 “Process
Instrumentation and Control”.

16.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

Generally, (in the course of their normal activities on a daily basis) instrument panels and
associated equipment shall be inspected by operating and instrument personnel.

16.3 Methods of Inspection

16.3.1 Generally, any inspection of panel boards is primarily concerned with the piping and wiring of
air or electric power and transmission leads to the individual instruments mounted on the panel.
These leads shall be checked for leaks, shorts, grounds, or loose connections.

16.3.2 The main electrical ground on the panel shall be checked for tightness and proper
installation.

16.3.3 Individual instrument mountings shall be checked for rigidity. Reference may be made to API
RP-550, Part I, Section 7. (Transmission System).

17. ANALYZERS AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS

17.1 Description of Types

Analyzers and their pertinent sampling systems vary in complexity according to their application and
they are two distinct subjects. Each could be treated in a very lengthy manner but however, to be
practical, only some of the more important points will be discussed here.

17.1.1 Analyzers

An analyzer is a device that performs an analysis (chemical or otherwise) for some components in a
stream (for example, oxygen in flue gas) or for some characteristic of a product or component (for
example, initial boiling point or end point).

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Analyzers can be simple, as in the case of a gas gravity meter wherein the gravity is determined
either as a function of displacement of the fluid or as a function of fan motor torque. They can also
be complicated, as in the case of a chromatograph or a distillation analyzer, which are actually
complete systems in themselves. The analyzer manufacturer’s instruction manual shall be
consulted for a complete description of the unit under consideration.

17.1.2 Sampling system

Sampling systems are important part of any analyzing system mainly governing the success of
analyzing process.

The sampling system may be only a piece of pipe or tube bringing the process material to the
analyzer, in their simplest form.

However, the sample must be conditioned before admitted to the analyzer in many cases. Pressure
regulators, coolers, heaters, scrubbers, pumps, filters, and flow regulators are some of the items
required in various sampling systems. For description of the type of sampling system furnished for
each application, the manufacturer’s literature should be consulted. (Reference may be made to
API RP-555 “ Process Analyzers”).

17.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

17.2.1 Proper maintenance of analyzers and sample system is extremely critical from a
performance and reliability stand point and shall be handled only by thoroughly trained personnel
because of their complicated nature.

17.2.2 Careful execution of maintenance and inspection by trained personnel is recommended

since there are hazards due to the presence of combustible and dangerous materials.

17.2.3 The inspection frequency shall be considered to be daily unless experience dictates less
frequent inspections.

17.3 Methods of Inspection

17.3.1 The proper operation of any analyzer depends upon the proper operation of its sampling
system. Therefore, the sample system shall be checked for leaks and loose connections and a
constant supply of air, water, or steam as required.

The sample system shall be checked to ensure that a continual flow of sample is delivered to the
analyzer at the required operating pressure and temperature.

17.3.2 The analyzer shall be cleaned and serviced in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations as well as with methods learned through operating experience. For inspection of
associated recording mechanisms, refer to article 9 herein.

18. ALARMS AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS

18.1 Description of Types

18.1.1 General

Because of the large number of process variables and equipment conditions measured or
monitored in a plant, it is not always possible to keep them all under surveillance.

Consequently, alarms are provided to notify operators in the event that critical measurements
exceed predetermined limits. If the alarm condition requires prompt action, the detection circuit is
usually connected to a protective system which will automatically shut-down or start-up equipment
to prevent damage, hazard, or loss of product.

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Alarms or protective systems are actuated by the deviation of certain measured variables beyond
accepted limits. The actuation can be initiated in a number of different ways. A recorder or indicator
may cause a switch to be tripped because of the position of its pen or pointer.

Transmitter can activate the system by appropriate current switches or pneumatic pressure
switches connected to their output or in the DCS controller function. Other systems are actuated by
switches connected directly to the process.

18.1.2 Alarms

Alarms are usually announced audible or visual or both. The audible alarm can be a horn, buzzer,
or similar device capable of creating a noise to attract the operator’s attention.

Visual alarms take the form of steady or flashing lights mounted either individually or in groups. It is
common practice to have the audible and visual alarms announcement actuated simultaneously.

18.1.3 Protective systems

The function of a protective system is to recognize a condition that may become hazardous and to
act to eliminate the condition before it can cause injury to personnel or damage to equipment or the
environment. In some cases the potential loss of product may justify a protective system.

Protective systems vary in design according to their application. Many systems employ valves that
fully close or fully open to block or divert flow or pressure from the process. Other systems may
shutdown or start up motors associated with pumps, compressors, conveyors, and so forth to
ensure return to the safe conditions. Some common protective systems in the plants are; Burner
Management Systems, Fire and Gas Panels, Emergency Shut-Down Systems.

18.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

18.2.1 Inspection of alarm and protective devices shall be made at least once at each shut-down or
every 6 months, whichever comes first.

18.2.2 Alarm lights shall be checked once per each shift.

18.2.3 Important level switches such as compressor knock-out drum, boiler steam drums, etc. shall
be inspected once a week.

18.2.4 Because the consequence of failure of an alarm and shutdown system vary from unit to unit
and plant to plant, it is recommended that each system be studied carefully for the risks involved
and a suitable inspection interval developed accordingly.

18.3 Methods of Inspection

18.3.1 General

18.3.1.1 Inspection of alarm devices such as signal lights and howlers,consists of checking for
shorts, grounds, loose connections, damaged insulation, and corroded conduits. Alarms not housed
in explosion-proof or hermetically sealed containers shall also be checked to ensure that all relays
are clean and dust-free. Any pitted or burned contact points shall be replaced.

18.3.1.2 Protective systems may be electrical, pneumatic, mechanical, hydraulic, or a combination

thereof. Inspection of electrical emergency devices shall be the same as for the aforementioned
alarms. Other emergency devices shall be inspected for leaks, freedom of movement of all moving
parts, proper air or hydraulic supply pressure, and operating voltages.

18.3.2 Alarms

18.3.2.1 The best method of checking alarms is through simulated operation of the alarm sensors,

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by means of control panel terminals.

18.3.2.2 When the alarm sensor is a contact in an instrument, or is operated by the transmission
medium, ranging of the instrument is a convenient way of verifying the alarm points.

18.3.2.3 Pressure switches in pneumatic lines can be disconnected and calibrated with air from
another source.

18.3.2.4 Independent actuating devices such as; level switches, can often be piped so that they can
be flooded or drained to simulate alarm conditions.

18.3.3 Protective systems

18.3.3.1 The best method of checking protective systems is through simulated operation of the
entire system. A means of periodically checking while the process unit is operating should be
provided.

18.3.3.2 When an actual shutdown cannot be tolerated during the test, some provisions must be
made temporarily to prevent the final device (valve, motor, starter) from performing the shutdown
function. In the case of shut off valves, a piping bypass with a car-sealed closed valve may be
employed to ensure that the bypass valve is not inadvertently left open to nullify the whole system.

As a further precaution, a limit switch can be mounted on the bypass valve to operate a signal light
as soon as the valve is cracked open. This light could be located in the instrument panel and could
be colored or flashing to alert the operator that the protective system is bypassed.

18.3.3.3 Where a motor control circuit is involved, an electrical bypass system is recommended.
Key lock switches or switch locations, which discourage tampering, shall be used in this application.
A panel-mounted light is required, indicating that the protective circuit is bypassed. In the case of
normally de-energized systems, it is recommended to locate the bypass switch as close to the
motor starter as possible to assure a check on the transmission lines.

18.3.3.4 The actual system checks shall be performed through simulated operation of the sensors.
The method outlined in API RP-14C Table D2 can be used to verify sensor trip points. At the same
time, all other components of the system through the final device shall be observed for proper
operation.

19. DCS AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT

19.1 Description of Types

The term digital equipment is generally applied to electronic measurement, computing, and/or
control devices and systems that function using discrete signal pulses. Digital systems are usually
composed of a number of separate components including a central processing unit connected to
peripheral units required for input and output signal conditioning and for operator interfacing.
Examples of devices or systems that can be included in this category are digital computers,
distributed control systems, programmable logic controllers, and microprocessor based systems.

19.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

19.2.1 Because of the complex and highly specialized nature of most digital equipment, thoroughly
trained personnel shall normally handle inspection. Those not familiar with the design, operation,
maintenance, and function of this type of equipment should restrict their inspections to the visual
methods listed in 19.3. These inspections can normally be made at frequent intervals such as daily
or weekly.

19.2.2 The more detailed inspection methods normally handled by specially trained personnel
should be made at intervals recommended by vendors or established through operating experience.
For example, selected diagnostic routines can be run as frequently as is practical during the early

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stages of system operation. By evaluating system performance and results obtained from running
the diagnostics, a more realistic interval can then be established for that inspection method. A
similar procedure shall be followed to establish an inspection frequency for each of the other
methods suggested in 19.3.

19.3 Methods of Inspection

19.3.1 Many meaningful checks of digital systems can be made by visual observation while the
equipment is in operation. Doors and covers should be inspected to ensure that they are properly
secured, and ventilating fans and filters shall be inspected to verify that they are operating and are
in good condition. Interconnecting cables and the equipment grounding system shall be inspected
for external physical damage and for loose connectors. Components throughout the system shall
also be checked for dust accumulations and for indications of corrosion damage.

19.3.2 The environment in the digital equipment room shall be measured to ensure that
temperature, humidity, vibration, and the amount of dust and corrosive vapors in the air are within
acceptable limits. Internal equipment temperatures shall also be checked to assure that they are
within the manufacturer’s specifications.

19.3.3 A digital equipment inspection program shall include other checks that are of a more
specialized nature. Units composed of plug-in components shall be inspected for loose cards and
connectors, and voltage level of power supplies shall be checked. Backup or redundant systems
and devices shall also be tested.

Most systems contain routine analog-to-digital converter checks that shall be observed for
indications of converter malfunction. Card status indicators, when provided with the system, shall
also be observed for failure signals. Many systems include some level of self-diagnostic routines
that can be run to test the system and/or peripherals. It is usually practical to use certain of these
routines within the inspection program.

19.3.4 Vendor-supplied information shall be considered to supplement the recommendations

outlined above. This information will usually outline additional checks that shall be included in the
inspection program.

20. CONTROL VALVES AND POSITIONERS

20.1 Description of Types

20.1.1 Control valves

Control valves are available in a variety of sizes, body designs, and actuator types. The type of
control valve selected for a particular application depends upon the process requirements. Some of
the more common types used in petroleum industries applications are globe valves, butterfly valves,
ball valves, and eccentric spherical plug valves, each usually equipped with pneumatic diaphragm
or piston actuators.

20.1.2 Valve positioners

20.1.2.1 Valve positioners encountered in petroleum industry fall into the following categories:

1) Pneumatic.

2) Electro-pneumatic.

3) Electro-hydraulic.

4) Pneumatic-hydraulic.

20.1.2.2 Pneumatic positioners are furnished either as side-mounted accessory items or built onto

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or into the control valve itself. When furnished as accessory items, they can be provided with
bypasses in some models that allow a controller to operate its control valve directly while the
positioner is inspected or serviced, or both. This feature is not always available if a positioner is
used to characterize valve position to input (other than linear) or is a double acting design used with
a piston actuator.

20.1.2.3 Electropneumatic valve positioners combine the functions of electric-to-pneumatic

converter and pneumatic valve positioners. These are available in side-mounted styles and in styles
built into the top diaphragm case of the control valve. Most electropneumatic positioners do not
incorporate bypass valves.

20.1.2.4 Pneumatic-hydraulic valve positioners are usually installed in combination with hydraulic
valve actuators where the large force capability of a hydraulic system is required to operate large
valves or dampers in accordance with the signals from pneumatic controllers. Catalyst slide valves
on fluid catalytic-cracking units are frequently actuated by a pneumatic-hydraulic positioner and
actuator.

20.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

20.2.1 Control valves

20.2.1.1 Control valves are frequently installed with block and bypass valves for isolation. This
permits repair or replacement without process shutdown. Where this is done, an inspection can be
made during operation without seriously affecting the process. When isolating valves are not
provided, the portion of the valve exposed to the process stream can be checked only when the
process equipment has been prepared for opening.

20.2.1.2 Factors that affect inspection frequency are:

1) Erosiveness of the flowing stream.

2) Corrosiveness of the flowing stream.

3) High-pressure drop.

4) Extreme ambient temperatures at the valve operator.

5) Abnormal vibration.

The severity of these factors, the construction materials used in the valve, operating requirements,
and experience in the particular service should govern the frequency of inspection.

20.2.1.3 The frequency range of inspection shall be considered from once a week for highly erosive
or corrosive services to once every 5 years for mild services. Until a pattern develops, it is good
practice to inspect the control valves at least once a year.

20.2.2 Valve positioners

Valve positioners generally require infrequent inspections. The initial adjustment, either at the time
of installation or after servicing the control valves, will usually ensure good results for a long period
of time. If malfunctioning does occur, it will probably be due to mechanical damage or excessive
vibration. A good practice is to inspect the valve positioner when the control valve is inspected.

20.3 Methods of Inspection

20.3.1 Control valves

Control valves shall be examined visually for leaks on the packing glands and valve body and for
general packing conditions. The valve actuator shall be inspected for travel, action, and wear. The

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

valve body, stem, and inner valve shall be inspected for wear, corrosion, or erosion. The wall
thickness of the valve body shall be checked at several points, and the measurements shall be
compared with the original values to determine losses resulting from wear, for corrosive and erosive
services.

20.3.2 Valve positioners

20.3.2.1 Valve positioners shall be checked for leakage and plugging in the air circuit, for grounds,
shorts, and loose connections in the electric circuits, and for wear or failure of mechanical parts,
including gages. In the force-balance type of valve positioner, particular attention must be given to
the rigidity of the connection between the valve stem and the valve positioner.

20.3.2.2 The action of the valve positioner shall be checked. The full travel of the valve shall
correspond to the full range of the actuating medium as delivered by the controlling instrument. A
check shall be made to ensure that the valve stem starts to move at the lowest specified signal
delivered by the control instrument and that the valve completes its travel at the highest signal
delivered by the control instrument. Any deviation from these conditions, unless specifically
mentioned in the valve specifications, should be considered the result of possible defects. All
defective parts shall be replaced. Leaking connections shall be tightened or replaced. The valve
positioner shall be adjusted so that valve travel corresponds to the signal range of the control
instrument.

20.3.2.3 Hydraulic positioners should assume a definite position for each value of the control signal
applied by the controlling instrument. The pilot shall be cleaned of foreign matter and examined for
wear. The large, main hydraulic piston member shall be examined for piston leakage and wear
when unsatisfactory performance indicates wear. Worn parts shall be replaced.

Note: For all methods of inspection, any recommendation from manufacturer shall be considered.

21. MOTOR OPERATED VALVES

21.1 Inspection Requirements

21.1.1 All limit switches’ compartments shall be inspected to be clean and dry with no dust on the
limit switch contacts.

21.1.2 Geared limit switch and torque switch contacts shall be cleaned by means of suitable contact
cleaner on a lint free cloth.

21.1.3 The valve stem shall be clean and properly lubricated, there shall be no grease weeping
around shaft seals.

21.2 Frequency and Time of Lubrication Inspection

21.2.1 General

The frequency of lubrication inspection shall be based upon historical data on installed equipment.
Every MOV operator application has its own effect on lubricants and each facility will pattern its
inspection around its particular needs. The following schedule of lubrication inspection should be
followed until the operating experience indicates otherwise.

21.2.2 Main gear case

Lubrication shall be considered as per manufacturer’s recommendation; also good site experience
and engineering practice shall be employed.

21.2.3 Geared limit switch

For any limit switch inspection, manufacturer’s recommendation and good engineering practice

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

shall be employed.

21.3 Lubrication Inspection Procedures

The three primary consideration in a lubrication inspection are:

quantity;

quality;

consistency.

These considerations are more explained hereunder.

21.3.1 Quantity

The level quantity of oil content parts shall be checked by the "fill"and "drain" plugs provided on the
operator housing.

21.3.2 Quality

A small amount of lube oil shall be removed from the "fill" or "drain" plug when plugs are removed
for level inspection. This sample shall be inspected to ensure that it is clean and free of any
contaminate including water. Should dirt, water, or other foreign matter be found, the units shall be
flushed with a commercial degreaser/ cleaner which is non-corrosive and does not affect seal
materials and the unit shall be repacked with fresh vendor recommended lubricants.

21.3.3 Consistency

The consistency of the lubricating oil shall also be inspected to conform to the original fluid
consistency.

22. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS

22.1 Description of Types

There are many devices not discussed in this standard specification. Examples of some of the more
common types are:

1) Speed indicators, recorders, and governors.

2) Electrical voltmeters, ammeters, frequency meters, and wattmeters.

3) Time indicators, running time meters, and cycle or program timers.

4) All types of monitors and detectors

5) Line break valve system

6) Surface and subsurface safety valve wellhead panels.

22.2 Frequency and Time of Inspection

22.2.1 Most miscellaneous devices do not require frequent inspection. Visual inspection can be
made as often as the instruments are used or read. Inspection of mechanical elements for wear or
corrosion can be accomplished at a turnaround.

Inspection that includes calibration, such as inspection of electrical meters, speed instruments, and
spring operated timing devices, shall be performed once a year or the first time the equipment can

26
 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

be taken out of service after a year of operation.

22.2.2 After the initial inspection, the frequency of inspection depends upon the service, the
manufacturer’s recommendations, and past experience.

22.3 Methods of Inspection

22.3.1 In general, miscellaneous equipment, such as cycle or program timers, electrical meters, or
speed controllers, consists of various mechanical, electrical, or pneumatic components or any
combination thereof. The inspection procedures, therefore, are generally concerned with checking
for any leaks, shorts, grounds, loose connections, or friction between moving parts. This type of
equipment is usually adversely affected by dust, high temperatures, and humidity. Care shall be
taken to see that all open contacts are clean and free from pitting or corrosion. It is usually possible
to check this type of equipment without adversely affecting its normal operation.

23. RECORDS AND REPORTS

23.1 Records

23.1.1 General

Inspection records are important because they serve as a basis for a scheduled maintenance
program. Their value, however, depends upon whether the information recorded is useful and
sufficiently complete to determine maintenance requirements. Files with meaningless data serve no
useful purpose. Therefore, judgment must be exercised in deciding the type and amount of detail
requested in record forms.

23.1.2 Instrumentation record system

23.1.2.1 Record forms will vary somewhat with each type of instrument involved. For example, with
a pressure gage, it would be of little value to record anything more than the size, range, service,
location, and frequency of replacement. On the other hand, the record for a flowmeter should
contain a full description of installation, including the primary device, line size, type of taps, serial
number, and model numbers of the various components which make up the metering system. In
addition, this record shall include notations of parts used, major repairs made, and comments
concerning unusual problems that affect the reliability of the measuring system.

23.1.2.2 A complete record file may contain four types of records, namely:

1) Basic data.

2) Continuous record.

3) Loop diagram.

4) Field notes

Basic data shall include item number, manufacturer’s serial number, model number, and all
technical data necessary to determine the function and physical description of the equipment.
These data, together with the manufacturer’s drawings and instruction sheets, complete a
permanent record file.

23.1.2.3 The continuous record shall include a history of all inspections performed on the
equipment, the date and type of inspections performed, repairs made, materials used, and any
other pertinent information helpful in determining future inspection requirements and equipment
retirement.

23.1.2.4 Loop diagrams shall be complete enough so that any-one with this information alone would
be able to understand how one part of the system affects and is affected by the remainder of the

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

system. In some cases, the loop diagram will be simple, consisting of only a few symbols. Other
cases will require several loops to explain fully the overall operation.

23.1.2.5 Field notes taken by the inspector in the field are about measurements, conditions as
found, repairs made, and parts replaced. A method of retaining such data is to issue a loop diagram
or sketch of the installation that contains all pertinent information concerning the inspection scope
and procedures. This sketch or diagram would also contain space for the inspector’s notes.

23.2 Reports

Upon concluding an inspection, it is desirable to make a report covering the inspection results, the
work performed, and any recommendations for future repairs or replacements. This report shall be
sent to appropriate departments for their information and necessary action.

23.3 Sample Record and Report System

Basic data include item number, manufacturer’s serial number, model number, and all technical
data necessary to determine the function and physical description of the equipment. These data
together with the manufacturer’s drawings and instruction sheets, complete a permanent record file.
A sample permanent record file is presented in Appendix C for flow instruments.

24. TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

24.1 Instruments

24.1.1 Inspection and control equipment is usually small and rather complicated mechanically or
electrically. Reliability and precision are of prime importance. The particular problems associated
with measurement and control devices stem from the fact that such equipment operates under the
influence of forces and movements of small magnitude.

Delicate parts, small clearances, and general complexity make the inspection and repair of such
devices a special problem. Many of the tools required for inspection come under the definition of
test equipment.

24.1.2 In addition to the common hand tools (screwdrivers, assorted wrenches, and pliers), other
useful tools and test equipment are listed in Appendices A and B.

24.1.3 All instrument test equipment shall be calibrated and certified by laboratories approved as
per given references.

25 INSPECTION SCHEDULE

25.1 Instruments

25.1.1 Inspection of instrument accessories, power and control cable entries to instruments’
equipment such as control valves, transmitters, solenoid values, junction boxes, etc. shall be
inspected every 6 months. Flexible conduits, glands and all terminations shall be checked visually.
Loose connections and damaged parts shall be repaired by instrument personnel.

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR INSPECTION OF INSTRUMENTS

1 Test gages (Ranges, as required. Accuracy of 0.25 percent of the full scale range).
2 Deadweight tester and/or comparator gage tester.
3 Hydraulic pressure pump.
4 Voltmeter/ohmmeter (digital and analog).
5 Temperature test bath.
6 Digital calibrator.
7 Reference cells to simulate ice-point reference for temperature instruments.
8 Loop calibrator that can measure, generate, and simulate analog control signals.
9 Manometer with a calibrated scale covering a range from 0 to 1000 millimeter of H20.
10 Pressure regulators adjustable over a range from 0 to 3.5 barg.
11 Pneumatic calibrator.
12 Pulse generator.
13 Precision glass stem thermometers (Range as required).
14 RTD with digital read-out.
15 Ultraviolet light source.
16 Oscilloscope.
17 Digital probe.
18 Differential voltmeter.
19 Signal generator.
20 Frequency meter (with required range).
21 Impedance and resistance measuring bridge.
22 Capacitance bridge.
23 Potentiometer
24 Infra-red pyrometer
25 Portable vibrometer
26 Vacuum test equipment
27 Hand held calibrator
28 PC notebook
29 Ultrasonic flowmeter

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

APPENDIX B

TABLE 1 - INSPECTION TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT FOR FLOW METERS

TYPE OF METER TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT

HEAD METER 1) MACHINIST'S INSIDE MICROMETERS

2) PORTABLE MANOMETER CALIBRATED UP TO 1250 mm. H20
3) PORATABLE MERCURY MANOMETER WITH SCALE MARKED TO
READ MILLIMETER OF H20 (UP TO 12500 mm-H20)
4) PORTABLE MERCURY MANOMETER MARKED TO READ 0.2 TO 1.0 barg OR A
PRECISION TEST GAGE OF THE SAME RANGE
5) PERMANENTLY MOUNTED SHOP MANOMETER CALIBRATED UP TO 12500 mm-H20
6) PERMANENTLY MOUNTED SHOP MANOMETER CALIBRATED FROM 0.2 TO 1 barg
7) SEAL FLUID PUMP
(1) 8) PRECISION AIR REGULATOR
ROTAMETER
9) PRECISION PORTABLE PRESSURE GAGES OF VARIOUS RANGES
1) PRECISION COMPARISON ROTAMETERS FOR CALIBRATING SMALLROTAMETERS, OR
WEIGH-TYPE TANKS FOR CALIBRATION OF HIGHER VOLUME ROTAMETERS'
1) PRECISION-CALIBRATED VOLUME TANKS, VOLUMETRIC PIPE
POSITIVE DISPLACEM- PROVER(3), AND/OR STANDARD (CALIBRATED) METER
(2
ENT ) AND TURBINE 2) STOPWATCH
METERS 3) CLEARANCE GAGES

Notes:

1) Calibration of rotameters may also be made with air through the use of a volumetric flow prover
tank.

2) Refer to API Standard 1101 and Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 5.3.

3) In custody transfer applications, volumetric provers should be used to prove at normal operating
pressure and temperature and with normal process fluid. Where pipe provers are used, an electronic
counter is necessary.

TABLE 2 - INSPECTION TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT FOR PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT

MANOMETER, DIAPHRAGM, 1) DEAD WEIGHT TESTERS

SPIRAL TUBE, HELICAL 2) CALIBRATED TEST GAGES
TUBE, AND BOURDON TUBE 3) VACUUM TEST EQUIPMENT
4) WATER AND MERCURY MANOMETERS
5) POINTER PULLERS AND SET
6) COMPARISON TESTERS

(to be continued)

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

APPENDIX B (continued)

TABLE 3 - INSPECTION TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT FOR TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS

TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT

FILLED-SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE TEST BATHS

BIMETAL INSTRUMENTS
RESISTANCE ELEMENT TEST THERMOMETER OR TEST BATHS,
RESISTANCE BOX AND VOLT-OHMMETER, OR
PRECISION CALIBRATOR
THERMOCOUPLE TEST THERMOCOUPLE, TEST POTENTIOMETER
RADIATION PYROMETER TEST POTENTIOMETER, MUFFLE FURNACE

TABLE 4 - INSPECTION TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT FOR LEVEL-MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS

TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT

FLOAT OR DISPLACER STRAIGHT SPRING SCALE (FISH-WEIGHING

TYPE)
MERCURY MANOMETERS
HEAD OR DIFFERENTIAL (SEE TABLES 1 AND 2)

TABLE 5 - INSPECTION TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRONIC AND

ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT

1) SPARE ELECTRONIC PARTS AND CIRCUIT BOARDS 9) CAPACITANCE BRIDGE

2) VOLT-OHMMETER (DIGITAL OR ANALOG 3) DIFFERENTIAL VOLTMETER
4) OSCILLOSCOPE 10) PORTABLE POTENTIOMETER
5) FREQUENCY SIGNAL GENERATOR 11) PORTABLE POWER SUPPLY
6) FREQUENCY METER 12)ANALOG SIMULATOR (DIRECT CURRENT)
7) IMPEDANCE MEASURING BRIDGE 13) MAGNETIC FLOW SIGNAL SIMULATOR
8) RESISTANCE BRIDGE 14) MILLIAMMETER (DIRECT CURRENT)
15) HAND-OPERATED MEGGER
16) SOLDERING AND SOLDERING VACUUM
SUCKER GUN
17) LOGIC PROBE
18) HAND HELD CALIBRATOR
19) PC NOTEBOOK
20) PORTABLE VIBRATOR
21) ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

APPENDIX C

FLOW INSTRUMENTS INSPECTION RECORD SAMPLE CARD FORM DESCRIPTION OF

INSTALLATION

DESCRIPTION OF INSTALLATION

Flow control consisting of orifice plate and transmitter, panel board mounted electronic controller,
panel-board mounted flow totalizer integrator, current to pneumatic transducer and control valve.

TAG ITEM LINE SIZE MODEL SERIAL RECORD

No. No. No. MANUFACTURER No.
FE- ORIFICE PLATE
ELEMENT
FT- D P FLOW
TRANSMITTER
FQ- TOTALIZER
INTEGRATOR
FIC- ELECTRONIC
CONTROLLER
FY- I/P CONVERTER
FV- CONTROL VALVE

Unit : Test interval:

Element Specifications:
Transmitter Specifications:
Control Valve Specifications:
Controller Specifications:
Other Instruments Specification:
(to be continued)

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

APPENDIX C (continued)

PAST HISTORY RECORDS FORMS

ELEMENT
DATE TESTED CONDITION REPAIRS PERFORMED PARTS USED REMARKS

TRANSMITTER
DATE CONDITION CALIBRATION REPAIRS PARTS REMARKS
TESTED PERFORMED PERFORMED USED

(to be continued)

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

APPENDIX C (continued)

PAST HISTORY RECORDS FORMS

CALCULATING RELAY
DATE TESTED CONDITION REPAIRS PERFORMED PARTS USED REMARKS

CONTROLLER
DATE CONDITION REPAIRS PARTS REMARKS
TESTED PERFORMED USED

(to be continued)

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 Feb. 2005 IPS-I-IN-115(1)

APPENDIX C (continued)

PAST HISTORY RECORDS FORMS

I/P CONVERTER
DATE CONDITION CALIBRATION REPAIRS PARTS REMARKS
TESTED PERFORMED PERFORMED USED

CONTROL VALVE
DATE TESTED CONDITION REPAIRS PERFORMED PARTS USED REMARKS

35
Note to Users

The IPS Standards reflect the views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and are intended for use in
the oil and gas production facilities, oil refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, gas handling
and processing installations and other such facilities.

IPS publications are based on internationally acceptable standards and include selections from the
options stipulated in the referenced standards. They are also supplemented by additional
requirements and/or modifications based on the experience acquired by the Iranian Petroleum
Industry and the local market availability. The options which are not specified in the text of the
standards are itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can select his appropriate preferences
therein.

The IPS standards are therefore expected to be sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However, they may not cover every requirement or diversity
of conditions of each project or work.

For such cases, an addendum to IPS Standard shall be prepared by the user which elaborates the
particular requirements of the user. This addendum together with the relevant IPS shall form the job
specification for the specific project or work.

The users of IPS publications are therefore requested to send their views and comments, including
any addendum prepared for particular cases to the Ministry of Petroleum, Standards and Research
Organization. These comments and recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant technical
committee and will be incorporated in the formal revision of the relevant IPS. The IPS publications
are reviewed and revised approximately every five years.

IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS

No. 19, Street 14, North kheradmand Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran
Tel: 66153055
88810460
Fax: 88810462
Email: [email protected]