Laporan CT Basic
Laporan CT Basic
Laporan CT Basic
Technical Module
Control Technique Basic
Instructor:
Majid
Hendra
Rozy
Student:
JEFRI GUNAWAN
(12008)
1/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB
Enterprise based Vocational Education
The student
maintains a proper documentation from all the exercises
Follows exactly the manual and does all calibration-diagrams according the manual
Analog = Have range, temperature, voltage, etc. Have variable characteristic and
continue. Frequency, amplitude.
Digital = On / Off Control. Binary value 0 and 1. Noise resistance.
Measuring Sensor = Is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or
changes in its and send the information to other electronics.
Signal of measurement = Is predicated on a preliminary model of the system under observation
Transmitter = A set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves
carrying messages or signals, especially those of radio or television
Regulator = A device for controlling the rate of working of machinery or for
controlling fluid flow
Response-time = The length of time taken for a person or system to react to a given
stimulus/event
Response-signal = Is reaction of the dynamic system in response to some external changes.
Control Unit = A device to give control depend on the operation that will be act.
input output
Process
Disturbance (Gangguan)
Process
feedback value
Sensor
Transmitter
Control Loop
Open Loop = A control operation which, after the reference input variable has been selected,
doesn’t evaluate the output variable produced (Example: Heater, Washing
Machine, and Belt Conveyor)
Close Loop = Its’s produced through the feedback of the output variable to the control device
and the effect on actuating-variable formation produced by comparison (Example:
Weight Feeder)
Set Point = is the desired or target value for an essential variable or process value of a system
220 M
V
Set point El El
+ pow pow
Σ mech mech
- pow pow
What is the physical signal of Water Flow & Pressure = Hydraulic Power
the actuator’s output?
How does it influence the If the output flow < input flow, the level of water will
variable to control? increase
What is the maximum error of 6 cm
this control-circuit?
(Hysteresis)
How the output-signal of the
process depend on the time
(plot the level-time-diagram)
Summary
1. The bigger disturbance, the slower to achieve the set point.
2. The bigger disturbance, the faster of the response time
Water Water
Time Set Time Set
No Level No Level
(minutes) Point (minutes) Point
(cm) (cm)
1 4 0.000 19 24 15 4.225 19
2 5 0.097 19 25 16 4.398 19
3 6 0.205 19 26 17 4.577 19
4 7 0.320 19 27 18 4.750 19
5 8 0.437 19 28 19 4.910 19
6 9 0.575 19 29 18 5.030 19
7 10 0.855 19 30 17 5.218 19
8 11 1.203 19 31 16 5.392 19
9 12 1.545 19 32 15 5.595 19
10 13 1.922 19 33 14 5.745 19
11 14 2.072 19 34 13 5.883 19
12 15 2.238 19 35 14 6.045 19
13 16 2.410 19 36 15 6.205 19
14 17 2.593 19 37 16 6.375 19
15 18 2.767 19 38 17 6.547 19
16 19 2.925 19 39 18 6.722 19
17 18 3.068 19 40 19 6.887 19
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18 17 3.225 19 41 18 7.017 19
19 16 3.400 19 42 17 7.135 19
20 15 3.568 19 43 16 7.373 19
21 14 3.755 19 44 15 7.538 19
22 13 3.902 19 45 14 7.703 19
23 14 4.067 19 46 13 7.848 19
Water Water
Time Set Times Set
No Level No Level
(minutes) Point (minutes) Point
(cm) (cm)
1 4 0.000 19 24 15 2.915 19
2 5 0.068 19 25 16 2.998 19
3 6 0.142 19 26 17 3.102 19
4 7 0.225 19 27 18 3.178 19
5 8 0.302 19 28 19 3.253 19
6 9 0.385 19 29 18 3.432 19
7 10 0.470 19 30 17 3.677 19
8 11 0.578 19 31 16 3.873 19
9 12 0.713 19 32 15 4.123 19
10 13 0.868 19 33 14 4.373 19
11 14 0.958 19 34 13 4.582 19
12 15 1.042 19 35 14 4.667 19
13 16 1.128 19 36 15 4.755 19
14 17 1.218 19 37 16 4.833 19
15 18 1.303 19 38 17 4.928 19
16 19 1.385 19 39 18 5.007 19
17 18 1.567 19 40 19 5.090 19
18 17 1.815 19 41 18 5.265 19
19 16 2.028 19 42 17 5.485 19
20 15 2.238 19 43 16 5.713 19
21 14 2.513 19 44 15 5.943 19
22 13 2.727 19 45 14 6.190 19
23 14 2.825 19 46 13 6.427 19
Water Water
Time Set Time Set
No Level No Level
(minutes) Point (minutes) Point
(cm) (cm)
1 4 0.000 19 24 6 3.580 19
2 5 0.143 19 25 6 3.723 19
3 6 0.285 19 26 6 3.877 19
4 6 0.477 19 27 6 3.987 19
5 6 0.625 19 28 6 4.158 19
6 6 0.748 19 29 6 4.472 19
7 6 0.932 19 30 6 4.808 19
8 6 1.092 19 31 6 4.997 19
9 6 1.218 19 32 6 5.233 19
10 6 1.350 19 33 6 5.440 19
7/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB
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11 6 1.445 19 34 6 5.668 19
12 6 1.528 19 35 6 5.945 19
13 6 1.615 19 36 6 6.132 19
14 6 1.692 19 37 6 6.392 19
15 6 1.792 19 38 6 6.572 19
16 6 1.920 19 39 6 6.767 19
17 6 2.180 19 40 6 6.972 19
18 6 2.552 19 41 6 7.257 19
19 6 2.700 19 42 6 7.473 19
20 6 2.818 19 43 6 7.657 19
21 6 3.038 19 44 6 7.877 19
22 6 3.212 19 45 6 8.087 19
23 6 3.400 19 46 6 8.427 19
220 v
220
v
M
Set point El
+ El +
pow pow
Σ mech mech Σ
- pow pow
+
Set point El
+
pow
Σ flow
-
Process value
feedback sensor
13 17 1.245 19 29 17 3.270 19
14 18 1.353 19 30 16 3.387 19
15 19 1.480 19 31 17 3.518 19
16 18 1.592 19
14 6 1.088 19 30 6 2.420 19
15 6 1.167 19 31 6 2.483 19
16 6 1.243 19
logo
A1
Q1 el
+12V
Q2
el
Q3 el
0V
M
Q4 el
exercise 3a
The quality of the regulation-process depends on the precision of the measured signal with its sensor. So
we try another system to measure water-level using an analogue level sensor made from a float, driving
a potentiometer. If the potentiometer is connected to a DC-voltage (p.e. 12V) we can measure a variable
voltage of the slide-contact of the potentiometer which changes with the water level. This signal can be
used as analogue input into the logo-control-unit. The Logo is a Programmable Logical Control Unit
“PLC”, which allows us to control up to 32 relais for different actuators (p.e. solenoid valve or water
pump etc)
What is the frequency of the Time require to reach optimal condition when all of valve close then
regulation? open again.
Summary
Advantages of this system:
• The program can be changed at any time through PLC
• More accurate to setting set point
• Lower hysteresis value (depend on setting value analog threshold trigger)
• Doesn’t require many sensor
• Higher variation
• The disturbance has more effect in this system
When:
Input = Output
Input > Output
Input < Output
• More cost power because the motor pump frequently on or off
• More sensitive with unstable water surface
15/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB
Enterprise based Vocational Education
To avoid frequently motor pump on or off too fast, we can adjust it with stabilize water
• Lengthen hose of valve until touch the surface of vessel
• Use variable speed motor to adjust with disturbance through a sensor
LOGO: LOGO! is the perfect choice as a fast, uncomplicated and space-saving solution for basic control
tasks. LOGO! has long been a constant as an intelligent logic module for small automation projects.
Through easy installation, with a minimum of wiring efforts and with convenient programming
via LOGO! Soft Comfort, many solutions for basic machines or plants, in building automation or for a
variety of applications all the way into the home can be easily implemented.
Feedback PV
Sensor
LOGO!
Ai 1
Q1
M f1 Q2
f2
Q3
Table Exercise 3b
Tinggi
Waktu Tinggi Air Frequency SP Waktu Frequency SP
No No Air
(s) (cm) (Hz) (cm) (s) (cm) (Hz) (cm)
1 19.6 4 35 10 23 885.4 10 60 10
2 24.1 5 40 10 24 896.6 11 60 10
3 31.6 6 45 10 25 909.7 12 60 10
4 109.6 7 45 10 26 925.2 13 60 10
5 155.5 8 50 10 27 942.9 13 60 10
6 214.2 9 55 10 28 961.5 14 60 10
7 282.7 10 60 10 29 967.1 14 50 10
8 302.3 10 60 10 30 973.9 12 45 10
9 312.5 10 60 10 31 986 10.1 40 10
10 317.3 10 60 10 32 1007.3 10 35 10
11 327.6 10 60 10 33 1025.3 10 35 10
12 338.4 10 60 10 34 1227.2 10 30 10
13 364.8 11 60 10 35 1244.1 12 off 10
14 369.3 11 60 10 36 1258 12 off 10
15 385.7 12 55 10 37 1269.7 11 off 10
16 402.7 11 55 10 38 1276 11.8 off 10
17 412.8 10 60 10 39 1286.1 11 off 10
18 420.7 11 55 10 40 1300.6 10.5 off 10
19 448.1 11 55 10 41 1320.8 10.2 30 10
20 520.5 12 60 10 42 1333.2 10.1 30 10
21 629.6 10 60 10 43 1511.9 10 30 10
22 861.6 10 60 10
Feedback PV
Sensor
How this signal is The temperature of water is read by thermostat, when the temperature
transformed to the actuator? of water 60 °C the switch off, when the temperature of water less than
60 °C the switch on.
What is the set-point? The temperature of water is 60°C
What is the disturbance? Surrounding Air in a room and cold water leakage.
What are the limits for stable Heat input > disturbance
operation?
Table Exercise 4a
Temperature Set Point Temperature Set Point
No Time (s) No Time (s)
(℃) (℃) (℃) (℃)
1 0 29 60 22 405.99 50 60
2 29.73 30 60 23 430.74 51 60
3 39.63 31 60 24 468.51 52 60
4 43.81 32 60 25 485.82 53 60
5 46.42 33 60 26 536.85 54 60
6 49.38 34 60 27 552.28 55 60
7 52.48 35 60 28 609.16 56 60
8 53.33 36 60 29 652.53 57 60
9 72.44 37 60 30 678.58 58 60
10 81.72 38 60 31 729.5 59 60
11 86.85 39 60 32 800.95 60 60
12 106.13 40 60 33 819.77 56 60
13 114.887 41 60 34 820.46 55 60
14 144.05 42 60 35 829.3 57 60
15 171.72 43 60 36 829.89 58 60
16 210.67 44 60 37 832.88 59 60
17 212.04 45 60 38 840.67 58 60
18 252.67 46 60 39 861.34 57 60
19 255.78 47 60 40 892.48 56 60
20 259.33 48 60 41 930.72 55 60
21 362.72 49 60
Logo
T
220V
exercise 4b
ii. Make the process diagram and answer the following questions:
How do I change the set-point Change the range value in the Threshold Trigger
What is the output-signal of the Digital Voltage
regulator?
How the output-signal of the If the temperature is under 60°C (set point) the sensor will
regulator is processed? send a signal to LOGO to activated the contactor
What is the actuator? Heater
Set the PT-100 more accurate/calibrate it, and set the parameter value in threshold trigger
with correctly number
Covered the system until the inside temperature is isolated from the outside temperature,
make sure the heat is mixed in right temperature with stirring the water in the bucket
Table Exercise 4b
Feedback PV
PT 100
220v
Case Study
▪ there is water with constant volume of 10 Liter
▪ a variable heat source exist and disturbing the water temperature, in this system the temperature
must 45 Celsius degrees
▪ you have a variable speed drive motor pump to give cooling water
▪ make your own temperature control system for limiting the set point of temperature
▪ make the close loop control diagram
▪ make the electric circuit diagram
▪ Make the LOGO! block
▪ try the system with variable disturbance
▪ how much the hysteresis
Summary:
In this exercise the heater continues to heat the water up to the set point, the PI controller stabilize the set
point through the mathematical calculation with downward system which when the temperature exceeds
the set point then the water pump will be lit for cooling, the rotation of the water pump is regulated by the
LOGO connected to the Frenic in order to continue to stabilize the set point temperature.
Advantages:
• The system is quickly and more stable
• Reducing the power consumption of the heater because the heater is on continue
• Hysteresis is almost non-existent due to a feedback system.
Table Exercise 4c
Feedback PV
PT 100