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Definition:: 6.4.4 Bulk Specific Gravity

Bulk specific gravity is a ratio that compares the weight of a unit volume of aggregate material (including permeable voids but not space between particles) to an equal volume of water. Bulk specific gravity (SSD) is similar but also includes the weight of water absorbed into the aggregate's permeable voids. The document provides definitions for bulk specific gravity and bulk specific gravity (SSD) and describes the relationships between apparent specific gravity, bulk specific gravity, and bulk specific gravity (SSD). It also gives instructions for obtaining an aggregate sample and conducting tests to determine these specific gravity values.

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43 views2 pages

Definition:: 6.4.4 Bulk Specific Gravity

Bulk specific gravity is a ratio that compares the weight of a unit volume of aggregate material (including permeable voids but not space between particles) to an equal volume of water. Bulk specific gravity (SSD) is similar but also includes the weight of water absorbed into the aggregate's permeable voids. The document provides definitions for bulk specific gravity and bulk specific gravity (SSD) and describes the relationships between apparent specific gravity, bulk specific gravity, and bulk specific gravity (SSD). It also gives instructions for obtaining an aggregate sample and conducting tests to determine these specific gravity values.

Uploaded by

crizel
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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6.4.

4 Bulk specific gravity


Definition:
The ratio of the weight in air of a unit volume of aggregate (including the
permeable and impermeable voids in the particles, but not including the voids between
particles) at a stated temperature to the weight in air of an equal volume of gas-free
distilled water at a stated temperature.
In the Bulk Specific Gravity, the volume measurement includes the overall volume of
the aggregate particle as well as the volume of the water permeable voids. The mass
measurement only includes the aggregate particle. Since it includes the water
permeable void volume, bulk specific gravity will be less than apparent specific
gravity.
6.4.5 Bulk specific gravity (SSD)
Definition:
The ratio of the weight in air of a unit volume of aggregate, including the weight
of water with in the voids filled to the extent achieved by submerging in water for
approximately 24 h (but not including the voids between particles) at a stated
temperature, compared to the weight in air of an equal volume of gas-free distilled
water at a stated temperature.
In the Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD), the volume measurement includes the overall
volume of the aggregate particle as well as the volume of the water permeable voids.
The mass measurement includes the aggregate particle as well as the water within the
water permeable voids.
Relationship:
1) The difference between Apparent S.G and Bulk S.G is the volume of aggregate
used in the calculations. The difference between these volumes is the volume of
absorbed water in the aggregate’s permeable voids. Both use the aggregate’s
oven dry weight.
2) The difference between Bulk S.G and bulk (SSD) specific gravity is the weight
of aggregate used in the calculations. The difference between these weights is
the weight of absorbed water in the aggregate’s permeable voids. Both use the
same aggregate volume.
3) The following relationships are always true:

a) Apparent S.G ≥ Bulk Specific Gravity


b) Bulk (SSD) specific gravity ≥ Bulk Specific Gravity
6.5 Sample Condition
Obtain a sample of coarse aggregate material retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm)
sieve. This sample size is based on nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS). Sample
sizes range from 2000 g for a 0.5 inch (12.5 mm) NMAS to 5000 g for a 1.5 inch (37.5
mm) NMAS. Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate and reduce it to the approximate
quantity needed. Reject all material passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve by dry sieving and
thoroughly washing to remove dust or other coatings from the surface.
6.6 Procedure
6.6.1 Dry the test sample to constant weight at a temperature of 110 ± 5°C (230 ± 9°F),
cool in air at room temperature for 1 to 3 h for test samples of 37.5-mm (1½ -in.).
6.6.2 Immerse the aggregate in water at room temperature for a period of 24 ± 4 h.
6.6.3 Where the absorption and specific gravity values are to be used in proportioning
concrete mixtures in which the aggregates will be in their naturally moist condition, the
requirement for initial drying to constant weight may be eliminated, and, if the surfaces
of the particles in the sample have been kept continuously wet until test, the 24-h
soaking may also be eliminated.
6.6.4 Remove the test sample from the water and roll it in a large absorbent cloth until
all visible films of water are removed. Wipe the larger particles individually. A moving
stream of air may be used to assist in the drying operation.
6.6.5 Weigh the test sample in the saturated surface-dry condition. Record this and all
subsequent weights to the nearest 0.5 g or 0.05 % of the sample weight, whichever is
greater.
6.6.6 After weighing, immediately place the saturated-surface-dry test sample in the
sample container and determine its weight in water at 23± 1.7°C (73.4 ± 3°F), having a
density of 997 ± 2 kg/m 3.
6.6.7 Dry the test sample to constant weight at a temperature of 110 ± 5°C (230 ± 9°F),
cool in air at room temperature 1 to 3 h, or until the aggregate has cooled to a
temperature that is comfortable to handle (approximately 50°C), and weigh.

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