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comprehension. The two groups are given pre-test at the beginning in order to

measure the students reading comprehension before treatment. Then after the

group received the treatment, both of groups are given a post-test.

The design is described in the following diagram (Ary, Jacobs, and

Razavieh 2002, p.316) as follows:

Table: 2.1. Research Design (Pre-test and Post-test Group Design)

Group Pre-test Treatment Post-test

E X1 XX Y2

C X1 O Y2

Notes:

E: Experimental Group
C: Control Group
X1: Pre-test
Y2: Post-test
XX: Treatment toward experimental group using Jeopardy Game
O: No treatment

The table shows that both pre-test and post-test are administered. The pre-

test is used to determine whether experimental and control group really have

increased or not their initial reading comprehension. After doing the pre-test, the

researcher give the treatment in experimental group. Post-test is given to

experimental group and control group. The result is analyzed by using t-test to

see the significance of the differences between the two means.

2.2 Variables

There are two variables which are investigated; independent variable and

dependent variable. In this research, the independent variable was jeopardy game
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and the dependent variable was students’ reading comprehension. The variable

was observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable.

2.3 Population and Sample

The population of this study was the second grade students of SMA

Kristen Petra Malang, located in Jalan 58 Moh.Yamin. The second grade of SMA

Kristen Petra Malang consisted of 2 classes (XI IPA and XI IPS), XI IPA

consisted of 14 students while XI IPS consisted of 14 students. The researcher

took class XI IPS as an experimental class that is given the treatment by using

Jeopardy Game on students reading comprehension. Class XI IPA was the control

class that was not given the treatment or without game. The researcher chose this

school because SMA Kristen Petra Malang is one of Senior High School in

Malang and the researcher want to know the reading comprehension using

jeopardy game effective or not.

A sample is a part of the population of interest, a sub-collection selected

from a population. The researcher took all population to be sample of study. It is

called sample population.

2.4 Research instruments

An instrument is needed to collect the data. The instruments are used to

achieve the accuracy of the data and can indicate that the writer is succesful or not

in her research. The instruments which are used in this study are testing which

distributed into two test; Pre-test and Post-test; and Questionnaire.

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2.4.1. Test

The test in this study is devided into two kinds of test they are:

1. Pre-test

Pre-test is a test that is given to the control group and experimental group

before the researcher do treatment. The use of Pre-test in this research is to

know the condition of reading comprehension of students in both of

groups.

2. Post-test

Post-test is a test that is given to the control group and the experimental

group after the researcher did the treatment. The post-test is used to

measure the effect of the treatment. If the result of the experimental group

is higher than the control group, it means that the treatment make greater

change than in control group.

2.4.2 Questionnaire

Questionnaire is a A set of printed or written questions with a

choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.

2.5. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

2.5.1 Validity

According to Ary (2010, p.225), validity is the most important

consideration in developing and evaluating measuring instruments. Historically,

validity was defined as the extent to which an instrument measured what it

claimed to measure. It is vital for a test to be valid in order to the result to be

accurately applied and interpreted. The validity data of this study was taken from
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the test which is given to the students and consulted to the English teacher based

on the curriculum and students’ cumpulsory books. The content validity of the test

is gotten from curriculum and syllabus that are used in education place, the

researcher give the test depend on the curriculum and syllabus that is used.

2.5.2 Reliability

Reliability is the consistency of the instrument in producing the same

score on different testing occasions or with different raters. Since the type of test

belongs to authentic testing, the researcher doing inter-rater reliability to ensure

weather the test is reliable. Inter-rater reliability refers to the degree of consistency

σof scores given by two or more scorers to the same set of oral or written texts

(Sarosdy et al. 2006, p.135). Inter-rater is achieved when two scorers or two raters

do the scoring. Then, to find out the reliability, two sets of scores gotten from the

two raters are calculated by using Pearson Product-Momentat SPSS 16.0 for

windows.

The Alpha formula by (Arikunto,2010:239)

𝐾 𝛴𝜎𝑏2
r11=( ) (1 − )
(𝑘−1) 𝜎𝑡 2

Notes :

r11 = reliability of instrument

k =items
∑
σb2 = varians of item
σt2 = total varian
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2.6 Data Collection

The data collection is collected the researcher from the test. The researcher

give two kinds of the test. On the previous explanations, researcher give pre-test

and post-test to differenciate the result after and before doing treatment by using

game. The pre-test itself to know the score before, which is determine the students

reading English mastery. Before doing post-test the researcher apply the treatment

in significant different to the control group and experimental group and giving

post-test for both of two groups in the last meeting, and after doing pre-test and

post-test the researcher given questionnaire. There are four steps to collect the

data those are doing observation, conducting pre-test, giving treatment, and

conducting post-test.

2.6.1 Doing Observation

In this research, the researcher observe the object of research to know

students’ reading ability, their interest in reading and to know how the teacher

teach the students and to know the effectiveness of Jeopardy game on their

reading comprehension.

2.6.2 Conducting Pre-test

After doing observation, the researcher gives pre-test to control group

and experiment group. It is conducted to find out initial equivalent between two

groups. After that gives treatment to experimental group.

2.6.3 Giving Treatment

The researcher giving the treatment to experimental group and control

group teach by using conventional way.

2.6.4 Conducting Post-test

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After doing the treatment, the researcher gives post-test to control and

experimental class. It is conducted to know the students ability after given the

treatment.

The table activities for experimental and control group are presented in

the table 2.2.

a. Experimental Group

No stages Teacher’s activities Student’s activities

1. Pre-  Greeting  Respond the greeting

 Checking the attendance  Respond the checking
activities list list
 Giving the brainstorming  Answering the
 Explaining the objective of teacher’s question
the study  Paying attention on
the teacher explaining
2. Main-  Explaining the materials  Paying attention on the
 Asking students read the text teachers explanation
activities given the story about, My best  The students read and
friend, monument national comprehend the text
(monas), Prambanan temple.  Paying attention on the
 Introducing the strategy teacher’s explanation.
(jeopardy Game) a. Making groups
a. Dividing students in two b. The students lottery
group A and B c. And do the jeopardy
b. Lottery the first play game.
c. The first group begin the
game and by turns between
group A and B
d. Who collect the high value
become the winner.
3. Post-  Giving feedback  receiving the feedback
 Giving conclusion given
activities  closing  paying attention and
asking the question if
the students need
 responding greeting

b. Control Group

No Stages Teachers’ activities Students’ activities

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1. Pre-  Greeting  Respond the greeting

 Checking the attendance list  Respond the checking list
activities  Giving the brainstorming  Answer the teacher’s
about the materials question
 Explaining the objective of  Paying attention on the
study teacher’s explanation
2. Main-  Asking the students to open  Opening their book
their book  Paying attention on the
activities  Explaining the materials teachers’ explanation
 Asking students to answer the  Answer the question
question in the story related the text
 Asking the students to submit  Submit their work
their work
3. Post-  Giving feedback  receiving the feedback
 Giving conclusion  paying attention and
activities  closing asking the question if the
students need
 responding greeting

2.7 Data Analysis

In this study, the researcher used a quantitative data analysis technique

using statistical method. This technique is used to find the significant

difference on the students’ scores before and after being taught by using

Jeopardy game. To know the effectiveness of Jeopardy game in teaching

Reading comprehension, the data was collected from students’ score in pre-test

and post-test. Then, the data which was gained from those two tests was

analyzed by using Paired-Samples T-test at SPSS 16.0 for windows. Paired-

Sample T-test is used when the samples are paired or correlated where each

individual results in two data. In other words, the scores for “pre-test” and

“post-test” are correlated because those scores are resulted by one individual.
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2.8 Test Requirement

2.8.1 Normality Test

In this study, the writer used SPSS version 16.0 for Windows to test the

normality. In SPSS, there are two kinds of normality test: Kolmogrov Smirnov

Test and Shapiro Wilk Test. The criterion of SPSS: a. If respondents > 50, the

normality test uses Kolmogrov Smirnov. b. If respondents < 50, the normality test

used Shapiro Wilk In this study, the respondents were below 50, the normality test

that can be used was Shapiro Wilk Test. If the significant value of the Shapiro-

Wilk Test is higher than 0.05, the data is normally distibuted. Then, if it is below

0.05, the data significantly deviate from a normal distribution. The criterion of

hypothesis is:

H0: Significant Score > 0.05 means the data is normally distributed.

H1: Significant Score < 0.05 means the data is not normally distributed.

2.8.2 Homogenity Test

Homogenity test is a test which is used to know the similarity of the

research sample characterization in population. To count this case the researcher

uses pre-test score as the students’ basic ability.

To decide the homogenity of variance:

 If the level of significance > 0.05, the variance in every sample is

homogenous.

 If the level og significance < 0.05, the variance in every sample is not

homogenous.
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