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GE Industrial Systems
L90 Line Current Differential

System
UR Series Instruction Manual
L90 revision: 5.7x
Manual P/N: 1601-0081-U2 (GEK-113527A)

Copyright © 2009 GE Multilin
831776A2.CDR
E83849
T
GIS ERE
RE
GE Multilin ISO9001:2000
LISTED EM I
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215 Anderson Avenue, Markham, Ontario

IND.CONT. EQ. U LT I L
Canada L6E 1B3 52TL
GE Multilin's Quality Management
Tel: (905) 294-6222 Fax: (905) 201-2098 System is registered to
ISO9001:2000
Internet: http://www.GEmultilin.com QMI # 005094
UL # A3775
*1601-0081-U2*
Addendum
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GE Industrial Systems
ADDENDUM
This addendum contains information that relates to the L90 Line Current Differential System, version 5.7x. This adden-
dum lists a number of information items that appear in the instruction manual GEK-113527A (revision U2) but are not
included in the current L90 operations.
The following functions and items are not yet available with the current version of the L90 relay:
• Signal sources SRC 5 and SRC 6.
Version 4.0x and higher releases of the L90 relay includes new hardware (CPU and CT/VT modules).
• The new CPU modules are specified with the following order codes: 9E, 9G, 9H, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9M, 9N, 9P, 9R, and 9S.
• The new CT/VT modules are specified with the following order codes: 8F, 8H 8L, 8N.
The following table maps the relationship between the old CPU and CT/VT modules to the newer versions:
MODULE OLD NEW DESCRIPTION

CPU 9A 9E RS485 and RS485 (Modbus RTU, DNP)
9C 9G RS485 and 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP)
9D 9H RS485 and redundant 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP)
--- 9J RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX
--- 9K RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
--- 9L RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX
--- 9M RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX
--- 9N RS485 and 10/100Base-T
--- 9P RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX
--- 9R RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
--- 9S RS485 and six-port managed Ethernet switch
CT/VT 8A 8F Standard 4CT/4VT
8C 8H Standard 8CT
-- 8L Standard 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics
-- 8N Standard 8CT with enhanced diagnostics
The new CT/VT modules can only be used with the new CPUs (9E, 9G, 9H, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9M, 9N, 9P, 9R, and 9S), and
the old CT/VT modules can only be used with the old CPU modules (9A, 9C, 9D). To prevent any hardware mis-
matches, the new CPU and CT/VT modules have blue labels and a warning sticker stating “Attn.: Ensure CPU and
DSP module label colors are the same!”. In the event that there is a mismatch between the CPU and CT/VT module,
the relay will not function and a DSP ERROR or HARDWARE MISMATCH error will be displayed.
All other input/output modules are compatible with the new hardware.
With respect to the firmware, firmware versions 4.0x and higher are only compatible with the new CPU and CT/VT mod-
ules. Previous versions of the firmware (3.4x and earlier) are only compatible with the older CPU and CT/VT modules.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GETTING STARTED 1.1 IMPORTANT PROCEDURES

1.1.1 CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS ........................................................................... 1-1
1.1.2 INSPECTION CHECKLIST ................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 UR OVERVIEW
1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE UR ........................................................................... 1-2
1.2.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE ......................................................................... 1-3
1.2.3 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE.......................................................................... 1-4
1.2.4 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS ................................................................................. 1-4
1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE
1.3.1 PC REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................ 1-5
1.3.2 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 1-5
1.3.3 CONFIGURING THE L90 FOR SOFTWARE ACCESS..................................... 1-6
1.3.4 USING THE QUICK CONNECT FEATURE....................................................... 1-9
1.3.5 CONNECTING TO THE L90 RELAY ............................................................... 1-15
1.4 UR HARDWARE
1.4.1 MOUNTING AND WIRING............................................................................... 1-16
1.4.2 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................ 1-16
1.4.3 FACEPLATE DISPLAY .................................................................................... 1-16
1.5 USING THE RELAY
1.5.1 FACEPLATE KEYPAD..................................................................................... 1-17
1.5.2 MENU NAVIGATION ....................................................................................... 1-17
1.5.3 MENU HIERARCHY ........................................................................................ 1-17
1.5.4 RELAY ACTIVATION....................................................................................... 1-17
1.5.5 RELAY PASSWORDS ..................................................................................... 1-18
1.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ CUSTOMIZATION................................................................... 1-18
1.5.7 COMMISSIONING ........................................................................................... 1-19
2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.2 FEATURES ........................................................................................................ 2-3
2.1.3 ORDERING........................................................................................................ 2-4
2.1.4 REPLACEMENT MODULES ............................................................................. 2-8
2.2 PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING
2.2.1 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................... 2-11
2.2.2 CHANNEL MONITOR ...................................................................................... 2-12
2.2.3 LOOPBACK TEST ........................................................................................... 2-13
2.2.4 DIRECT TRANSFER TRIPPING ..................................................................... 2-13
2.3 FUNCTIONALITY
2.3.1 PROTECTION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS ................................................ 2-14
2.3.2 METERING AND MONITORING FUNCTIONS ............................................... 2-14
2.3.3 OTHER FUNCTIONS....................................................................................... 2-15
2.4 SPECIFICATIONS
2.4.1 PROTECTION ELEMENTS ............................................................................. 2-17
2.4.2 USER-PROGRAMMABLE ELEMENTS ........................................................... 2-21
2.4.3 MONITORING .................................................................................................. 2-22
2.4.4 METERING ...................................................................................................... 2-22
2.4.5 INPUTS ............................................................................................................ 2-23
2.4.6 POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................ 2-24
2.4.7 OUTPUTS ........................................................................................................ 2-24
2.4.8 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................ 2-26
2.4.9 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................... 2-27
2.4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL .......................................................................................... 2-27
2.4.11 TYPE TESTS ................................................................................................... 2-28
2.4.12 PRODUCTION TESTS .................................................................................... 2-28
2.4.13 APPROVALS ................................................................................................... 2-29
2.4.14 MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................... 2-29
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System v

TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. HARDWARE 3.1 DESCRIPTION

3.1.1 PANEL CUTOUT ................................................................................................3-1
3.1.2 MODULE WITHDRAWAL AND INSERTION......................................................3-6
3.1.3 REAR TERMINAL LAYOUT ...............................................................................3-8
3.2 WIRING
3.2.1 TYPICAL WIRING ............................................................................................3-10
3.2.2 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH................................................................................3-11
3.2.3 CONTROL POWER..........................................................................................3-11
3.2.4 CT/VT MODULES.............................................................................................3-12
3.2.5 PROCESS BUS MODULES .............................................................................3-14
3.2.6 CONTACT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS................................................................3-14
3.2.7 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ........................................................3-22
3.2.8 RS232 FACEPLATE PORT ..............................................................................3-23
3.2.9 CPU COMMUNICATION PORTS.....................................................................3-23
3.2.10 IRIG-B ...............................................................................................................3-26
3.3 PILOT CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS
3.3.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................3-28
3.3.2 FIBER: LED AND ELED TRANSMITTERS ......................................................3-29
3.3.3 FIBER-LASER TRANSMITTERS .....................................................................3-29
3.3.4 G.703 INTERFACE...........................................................................................3-30
3.3.5 RS422 INTERFACE .........................................................................................3-33
3.3.6 TWO-CHANNEL TWO-CLOCK RS422 INTERFACE.......................................3-35
3.3.7 RS422 AND FIBER INTERFACE .....................................................................3-35
3.3.8 G.703 AND FIBER INTERFACE ......................................................................3-36
3.3.9 IEEE C37.94 INTERFACE................................................................................3-36
3.3.10 C37.94SM INTERFACE ...................................................................................3-39
3.4 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULES
3.4.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................3-41
3.4.2 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE HARDWARE..............................3-41
3.4.3 MANAGED SWITCH LED INDICATORS .........................................................3-42
3.4.4 CONFIGURING THE MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE .................3-42
3.4.5 UPLOADING L90 SWITCH MODULE FIRMWARE..........................................3-44
3.4.6 ETHERNET SWITCH SELF-TEST ERRORS...................................................3-47
4. HUMAN INTERFACES 4.1 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE

4.1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................4-1
4.1.2 CREATING A SITE LIST ....................................................................................4-1
4.1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP OVERVIEW ................................................................4-1
4.1.4 ENERVISTA UR SETUP MAIN WINDOW..........................................................4-3
4.2 EXTENDED ENERVISTA UR SETUP FEATURES
4.2.1 SETTINGS TEMPLATES ...................................................................................4-4
4.2.2 SECURING AND LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS ................................4-8
4.2.3 SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY.....................................................................4-10
4.3 FACEPLATE INTERFACE
4.3.1 FACEPLATE .....................................................................................................4-13
4.3.2 LED INDICATORS............................................................................................4-14
4.3.3 CUSTOM LABELING OF LEDS .......................................................................4-17
4.3.4 DISPLAY...........................................................................................................4-23
4.3.5 KEYPAD ...........................................................................................................4-23
4.3.6 BREAKER CONTROL ......................................................................................4-23
4.3.7 MENUS .............................................................................................................4-24
4.3.8 CHANGING SETTINGS ...................................................................................4-26
5. SETTINGS 5.1 OVERVIEW

5.1.1 SETTINGS MAIN MENU ....................................................................................5-1
5.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTS ......................................................................5-4
5.1.3 INTRODUCTION TO AC SOURCES..................................................................5-5
vi L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

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5.2 PRODUCT SETUP

5.2.1 SECURITY ......................................................................................................... 5-8
5.2.2 DISPLAY PROPERTIES.................................................................................. 5-12
5.2.3 CLEAR RELAY RECORDS ............................................................................. 5-14
5.2.4 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................ 5-15
5.2.5 MODBUS USER MAP...................................................................................... 5-34
5.2.6 REAL TIME CLOCK......................................................................................... 5-35
5.2.7 FAULT REPORTS ........................................................................................... 5-36
5.2.8 OSCILLOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 5-38
5.2.9 DATA LOGGER ............................................................................................... 5-40
5.2.10 DEMAND.......................................................................................................... 5-42
5.2.11 USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS..................................................................... 5-43
5.2.12 USER-PROGRAMMABLE SELF-TESTS ........................................................ 5-46
5.2.13 CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS ........................................................................... 5-47
5.2.14 USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS ................................................... 5-49
5.2.15 FLEX STATE PARAMETERS .......................................................................... 5-54
5.2.16 USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS ....................................................................... 5-55
5.2.17 INSTALLATION................................................................................................ 5-57
5.3 REMOTE RESOURCES
5.3.1 REMOTE RESOURCES CONFIGURATION ................................................... 5-58
5.4 SYSTEM SETUP
5.4.1 AC INPUTS ...................................................................................................... 5-59
5.4.2 POWER SYSTEM............................................................................................ 5-60
5.4.3 SIGNAL SOURCES ......................................................................................... 5-61
5.4.4 L90 POWER SYSTEM..................................................................................... 5-64
5.4.5 BREAKERS...................................................................................................... 5-69
5.4.6 DISCONNECT SWITCHES ............................................................................. 5-73
5.4.7 FLEXCURVES™.............................................................................................. 5-76
5.4.8 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT.................................................................... 5-83
5.5 FLEXLOGIC™
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION TO FLEXLOGIC™ ............................................................... 5-99
5.5.2 FLEXLOGIC™ RULES .................................................................................. 5-110
5.5.3 FLEXLOGIC™ EVALUATION........................................................................ 5-110
5.5.4 FLEXLOGIC™ EXAMPLE ............................................................................. 5-111
5.5.5 FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION EDITOR ............................................................. 5-115
5.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ TIMERS................................................................................. 5-115
5.5.7 FLEXELEMENTS™ ....................................................................................... 5-116
5.5.8 NON-VOLATILE LATCHES ........................................................................... 5-120
5.6 GROUPED ELEMENTS
5.6.1 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................... 5-121
5.6.2 SETTING GROUP ......................................................................................... 5-121
5.6.3 LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS ................................................................ 5-122
5.6.4 LINE PICKUP................................................................................................. 5-127
5.6.5 DISTANCE ..................................................................................................... 5-129
5.6.6 POWER SWING DETECT ............................................................................. 5-147
5.6.7 LOAD ENCROACHMENT.............................................................................. 5-156
5.6.8 PHASE CURRENT ........................................................................................ 5-158
5.6.9 NEUTRAL CURRENT.................................................................................... 5-169
5.6.10 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT .................................................................. 5-177
5.6.11 GROUND CURRENT..................................................................................... 5-180
5.6.12 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT ............................................................. 5-182
5.6.13 BREAKER FAILURE ...................................................................................... 5-187
5.6.14 VOLTAGE ELEMENTS .................................................................................. 5-196
5.6.15 SUPERVISING ELEMENTS .......................................................................... 5-203
5.7 CONTROL ELEMENTS
5.7.1 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................... 5-207
5.7.2 TRIP BUS....................................................................................................... 5-207
5.7.3 SETTING GROUPS ....................................................................................... 5-209
5.7.4 SELECTOR SWITCH..................................................................................... 5-210
5.7.5 TRIP OUTPUT ............................................................................................... 5-216
5.7.6 SYNCHROCHECK......................................................................................... 5-222
5.7.7 DIGITAL ELEMENTS..................................................................................... 5-226
5.7.8 DIGITAL COUNTERS .................................................................................... 5-229
5.7.9 MONITORING ELEMENTS ........................................................................... 5-231
5.7.10 PILOT SCHEMES .......................................................................................... 5-246
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System vii

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5.7.11 AUTORECLOSE.............................................................................................5-249
5.8 INPUTS/OUTPUTS
5.8.1 CONTACT INPUTS ........................................................................................5-261
5.8.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS ..........................................................................................5-263
5.8.3 CONTACT OUTPUTS ....................................................................................5-264
5.8.4 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS ......................................................................................5-266
5.8.5 REMOTE DEVICES........................................................................................5-267
5.8.6 REMOTE INPUTS ..........................................................................................5-268
5.8.7 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS ...............................................5-269
5.8.8 REMOTE OUTPUTS ......................................................................................5-270
5.8.9 DIRECT INPUTS/OUTPUTS ..........................................................................5-270
5.8.10 RESETTING ...................................................................................................5-273
5.8.11 IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS ......................................................................5-273
5.8.12 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS .....................................................................5-274
5.9 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
5.9.1 DCMA INPUTS ...............................................................................................5-275
5.9.2 RTD INPUTS ..................................................................................................5-276
5.9.3 DCMA OUTPUTS ...........................................................................................5-278
5.10 TESTING
5.10.1 TEST MODE ...................................................................................................5-281
5.10.2 FORCE CONTACT INPUTS...........................................................................5-282
5.10.3 FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS.......................................................................5-283
5.10.4 CHANNEL TESTS ..........................................................................................5-284
5.10.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT TEST VALUES .........................................5-284
6. ACTUAL VALUES 6.1 OVERVIEW

6.1.1 ACTUAL VALUES MAIN MENU .........................................................................6-1
6.2 STATUS
6.2.1 CONTACT INPUTS ............................................................................................6-3
6.2.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS ..............................................................................................6-3
6.2.3 REMOTE INPUTS ..............................................................................................6-3
6.2.4 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS ...................................................6-4
6.2.5 DIRECT INPUTS ................................................................................................6-4
6.2.6 CONTACT OUTPUTS ........................................................................................6-4
6.2.7 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS ..........................................................................................6-5
6.2.8 AUTORECLOSE.................................................................................................6-5
6.2.9 REMOTE DEVICES............................................................................................6-5
6.2.10 CHANNEL TESTS ..............................................................................................6-6
6.2.11 DIGITAL COUNTERS.........................................................................................6-7
6.2.12 SELECTOR SWITCHES ....................................................................................6-7
6.2.13 FLEX STATES ....................................................................................................6-8
6.2.14 ETHERNET ........................................................................................................6-8
6.2.15 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS .........................................................................6-8
6.2.16 ETHERNET SWITCH .........................................................................................6-9
6.3 METERING
6.3.1 METERING CONVENTIONS ...........................................................................6-10
6.3.2 DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT..............................................................................6-13
6.3.3 SOURCES ........................................................................................................6-14
6.3.4 SYNCHROCHECK ...........................................................................................6-19
6.3.5 TRACKING FREQUENCY................................................................................6-19
6.3.6 FLEXELEMENTS™ ..........................................................................................6-19
6.3.7 IEC 61580 GOOSE ANALOG VALUES ...........................................................6-20
6.3.8 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT.....................................................................6-20
6.3.9 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ....................................................................6-20
6.3.10 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ........................................................6-21
6.4 RECORDS
6.4.1 FAULT REPORTS ............................................................................................6-22
6.4.2 EVENT RECORDS ...........................................................................................6-22
6.4.3 OSCILLOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................6-23
6.4.4 DATA LOGGER ................................................................................................6-23
6.4.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT RECORDS .................................................6-23
6.4.6 BREAKER MAINTENANCE .............................................................................6-24
viii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

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6.5 PRODUCT INFORMATION

6.5.1 MODEL INFORMATION .................................................................................. 6-25
6.5.2 FIRMWARE REVISIONS ................................................................................. 6-25
7. COMMANDS AND 7.1 COMMANDS

TARGETS 7.1.1 COMMANDS MENU .......................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS.............................................................................................. 7-1
7.1.3 CLEAR RECORDS ............................................................................................ 7-2
7.1.4 SET DATE AND TIME ....................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.5 RELAY MAINTENANCE .................................................................................... 7-3
7.1.6 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ONE-SHOT.................................................. 7-3
7.2 TARGETS
7.2.1 TARGETS MENU............................................................................................... 7-6
7.2.2 TARGET MESSAGES ....................................................................................... 7-6
7.2.3 RELAY SELF-TESTS......................................................................................... 7-6
8. SECURITY 8.1 PASSWORD SECURITY

8.1.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 8-1
8.1.2 PASSWORD SECURITY MENU ....................................................................... 8-2
8.1.3 LOCAL PASSWORDS ....................................................................................... 8-2
8.1.4 REMOTE PASSWORDS ................................................................................... 8-3
8.1.5 ACCESS SUPERVISION ................................................................................... 8-3
8.1.6 DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS ....................................................... 8-4
8.2 SETTINGS SECURITY
8.2.1 SETTINGS TEMPLATES ................................................................................... 8-6
8.2.2 SECURING AND LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS ............................. 8-10
8.2.3 SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY .................................................................... 8-12
8.3 ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
8.3.1 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................... 8-15
8.3.2 ENABLING THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................. 8-15
8.3.3 ADDING A NEW USER ................................................................................... 8-15
8.3.4 MODIFYING USER PRIVILEGES ................................................................... 8-16
9. THEORY OF OPERATION 9.1 OVERVIEW

9.1.1 L90 DESIGN ...................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 L90 ARCHITECTURE ........................................................................................ 9-1
9.1.3 REMOVAL OF DECAYING OFFSET................................................................. 9-2
9.1.4 PHASELET COMPUTATION............................................................................. 9-2
9.1.5 DISTURBANCE DETECTION............................................................................ 9-3
9.1.6 FAULT DETECTION .......................................................................................... 9-3
9.1.7 GROUND DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT............................................................... 9-4
9.1.8 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION ........................................................................... 9-5
9.1.9 FREQUENCY TRACKING AND PHASE LOCKING .......................................... 9-6
9.1.10 FREQUENCY DETECTION ............................................................................... 9-7
9.1.11 PHASE DETECTION ......................................................................................... 9-7
9.1.12 PHASE LOCKING FILTER .............................................................................. 9-10
9.1.13 MATCHING PHASELETS................................................................................ 9-11
9.1.14 START-UP ....................................................................................................... 9-11
9.1.15 HARDWARE AND COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................. 9-11
9.1.16 ONLINE ESTIMATE OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS ..................................... 9-12
9.1.17 CT SATURATION DETECTION ...................................................................... 9-13
9.1.18 CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION ..................................................... 9-13
9.1.19 DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS........................................... 9-14
9.1.20 RELAY SYNCHRONIZATION.......................................................................... 9-15
9.2 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS
9.2.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 9-16
9.2.2 TRIP DECISION EXAMPLE............................................................................. 9-18
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System ix

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9.2.3 TRIP DECISION TEST .....................................................................................9-18

9.3 SINGLE-POLE TRIPPING
9.3.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................9-20
9.3.2 PHASE SELECTION ........................................................................................9-23
9.4 FAULT LOCATOR
9.4.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................9-25
9.4.2 MULTI-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR...................................................................9-25
9.4.3 SINGLE-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR ................................................................9-31
10. APPLICATION OF 10.1 CT REQUIREMENTS

SETTINGS 10.1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-1
10.1.2 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 1............................................................................10-1
10.1.3 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 2............................................................................10-2
10.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL (87L) SETTINGS
10.2.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-3
10.2.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PICKUP ...............................................................10-3
10.2.3 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1 .......................................................................10-3
10.2.4 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 2 .......................................................................10-3
10.2.5 CURRENT DIFF BREAK POINT ......................................................................10-3
10.2.6 CT TAP .............................................................................................................10-4
10.2.7 BREAKER-AND-A-HALF ..................................................................................10-6
10.2.8 DISTRIBUTED BUS PROTECTION .................................................................10-9
10.3 CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION USING GPS
10.3.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-10
10.3.2 COMPENSATION METHOD 1 .......................................................................10-10
10.4 DISTANCE BACKUP/SUPERVISION
10.4.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-13
10.4.2 PHASE DISTANCE ........................................................................................10-14
10.4.3 GROUND DISTANCE.....................................................................................10-15
10.5 POTT SIGNALING SCHEME
10.5.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-16
10.6 SERIES COMPENSATED LINES
10.6.1 DISTANCE SETTINGS ON SERIES COMPENSATED LINES ......................10-17
10.6.2 GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT ..................................................10-18
10.7 LINES WITH TAPPED TRANSFORMERS
10.7.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-19
10.7.2 TRANSFORMER LOAD CURRENTS ............................................................10-19
10.7.3 LV-SIDE FAULTS ...........................................................................................10-20
10.7.4 EXTERNAL GROUND FAULTS .....................................................................10-20
10.8 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENTS
10.8.1 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENT ERROR DURING L90 SYNCHRONIZATION ...10-
21
11. COMMISSIONING 11.1 TESTING

11.1.1 CHANNEL TESTING ........................................................................................11-1
11.1.2 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TESTS .............................................................11-2
11.1.3 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL..............................................................................11-3
11.1.4 LOCAL-REMOTE RELAY TESTS ....................................................................11-4
A. FLEXANALOG AND A.1 PARAMETER LISTS

FLEXINTEGER A.1.1 FLEXANALOG ITEMS ....................................................................................... A-1
A.1.2 FLEXINTEGER ITEMS .................................................................................... A-11
PARAMETERS
x L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

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B. MODBUS B.1 MODBUS RTU PROTOCOL

COMMUNICATIONS B.1.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................B-1
B.1.2 PHYSICAL LAYER.............................................................................................B-1
B.1.3 DATA LINK LAYER............................................................................................B-1
B.1.4 CRC-16 ALGORITHM........................................................................................B-2
B.2 MODBUS FUNCTION CODES
B.2.1 SUPPORTED FUNCTION CODES ...................................................................B-3
B.2.2 READ ACTUAL VALUES OR SETTINGS (FUNCTION CODE 03/04H) ...........B-3
B.2.3 EXECUTE OPERATION (FUNCTION CODE 05H) ...........................................B-4
B.2.4 STORE SINGLE SETTING (FUNCTION CODE 06H) .......................................B-4
B.2.5 STORE MULTIPLE SETTINGS (FUNCTION CODE 10H) ................................B-5
B.2.6 EXCEPTION RESPONSES ...............................................................................B-5
B.3 FILE TRANSFERS
B.3.1 OBTAINING RELAY FILES VIA MODBUS ........................................................B-6
B.3.2 MODBUS PASSWORD OPERATION ...............................................................B-7
B.4 MEMORY MAPPING
B.4.1 MODBUS MEMORY MAP .................................................................................B-9
B.4.2 DATA FORMATS .............................................................................................B-66
C. IEC 61850 C.1 OVERVIEW

COMMUNICATIONS C.1.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................C-1
C.1.2 COMMUNICATION PROFILES .........................................................................C-1
C.2 SERVER DATA ORGANIZATION
C.2.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................C-2
C.2.2 GGIO1: DIGITAL STATUS VALUES .................................................................C-2
C.2.3 GGIO2: DIGITAL CONTROL VALUES ..............................................................C-2
C.2.4 GGIO3: DIGITAL STATUS AND ANALOG VALUES FROM RECEIVED GOOSE
DATAC-2
C.2.5 GGIO4: GENERIC ANALOG MEASURED VALUES .........................................C-2
C.2.6 MMXU: ANALOG MEASURED VALUES...........................................................C-3
C.2.7 PROTECTION AND OTHER LOGICAL NODES ...............................................C-3
C.3 SERVER FEATURES AND CONFIGURATION
C.3.1 BUFFERED/UNBUFFERED REPORTING ........................................................C-5
C.3.2 FILE TRANSFER ...............................................................................................C-5
C.3.3 TIMESTAMPS AND SCANNING .......................................................................C-5
C.3.4 LOGICAL DEVICE NAME..................................................................................C-5
C.3.5 LOCATION.........................................................................................................C-5
C.3.6 LOGICAL NODE NAME PREFIXES ..................................................................C-6
C.3.7 CONNECTION TIMING .....................................................................................C-6
C.3.8 NON-IEC 61850 DATA ......................................................................................C-6
C.3.9 COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE UTILITIES .....................................................C-6
C.4 GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT SERVICES: GSSE AND GOOSE
C.4.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................C-7
C.4.2 GSSE CONFIGURATION ..................................................................................C-7
C.4.3 FIXED GOOSE ..................................................................................................C-7
C.4.4 CONFIGURABLE GOOSE.................................................................................C-7
C.4.5 ETHERNET MAC ADDRESS FOR GSSE/GOOSE...........................................C-9
C.4.6 GSSE ID AND GOOSE ID SETTINGS ............................................................C-10
C.5 IEC 61850 IMPLEMENTATION VIA ENERVISTA UR SETUP
C.5.1 OVERVIEW......................................................................................................C-11
C.5.2 CONFIGURING IEC 61850 SETTINGS...........................................................C-12
C.5.3 ABOUT ICD FILES...........................................................................................C-13
C.5.4 CREATING AN ICD FILE WITH ENERVISTA UR SETUP ..............................C-17
C.5.5 ABOUT SCD FILES .........................................................................................C-17
C.5.6 IMPORTING AN SCD FILE WITH ENERVISTA UR SETUP ...........................C-20
C.6 ACSI CONFORMANCE
C.6.1 ACSI BASIC CONFORMANCE STATEMENT.................................................C-22
C.6.2 ACSI MODELS CONFORMANCE STATEMENT ............................................C-22
C.6.3 ACSI SERVICES CONFORMANCE STATEMENT .........................................C-23
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
C.7 LOGICAL NODES

C.7.1 LOGICAL NODES TABLE ............................................................................... C-26
D. IEC 60870-5-104 D.1 IEC 60870-5-104

COMMUNICATIONS D.1.1 INTEROPERABILITY DOCUMENT................................................................... D-1
D.1.2 POINT LIST ....................................................................................................... D-9
E. DNP COMMUNICATIONS E.1 DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT

E.1.1 DNP V3.00 DEVICE PROFILE .......................................................................... E-1
E.1.2 IMPLEMENTATION TABLE .............................................................................. E-4
E.2 DNP POINT LISTS
E.2.1 BINARY INPUT POINTS ................................................................................... E-8
E.2.2 BINARY AND CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT...................................................... E-9
E.2.3 COUNTERS..................................................................................................... E-10
E.2.4 ANALOG INPUTS............................................................................................ E-11
F. MISCELLANEOUS F.1 CHANGE NOTES

F.1.1 REVISION HISTORY......................................................................................... F-1
F.1.2 CHANGES TO THE L90 MANUAL .................................................................... F-2
F.2 ABBREVIATIONS
F.2.1 STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... F-6
F.3 WARRANTY
F.3.1 GE MULTILIN WARRANTY............................................................................... F-8
xii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

1 GETTING STARTED 1.1 IMPORTANT PROCEDURES
1 GETTING STARTED 1.1IMPORTANT PROCEDURES

Please read this chapter to help guide you through the initial setup of your new relay. 1
1.1.1 CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS
Before attempting to install or use the relay, it is imperative that all WARNINGS and CAUTIONS
in this manual are reviewed to help prevent personal injury, equipment damage, and/or down-
time.
WARNING CAUTION
1.1.2 INSPECTION CHECKLIST
1. Open the relay packaging and inspect the unit for physical damage.
2. View the rear nameplate and verify that the correct model has been ordered.
Model: L90G00HCHF8AH6AM6BP8BX7A
L90 Line Differential Relay

RATINGS:
Control Power: 88-300V DC @ 35W / 77-265V AC @ 35VA
Contact Inputs: 300V DC Max 10mA
Contact Outputs: Standard Pilot Duty / 250V AC 7.5A
Mods:
Wiring Diagram:
Inst. Manual:
Serial Number:
000
831782A3
GEK-113276
MAZB98000029
360V A Resistive / 125V DC Break Firmware: D
GE Multilin 4A @ L/R = 40mS / 300W Mfg. Date: 2005/01/05
Technical Support:
Made in
Tel: (905) 294-6222 http://www.GEmultilin.com ®
®
Canada
Fax: (905) 201-2098 - M A A B 9 7 0 0 0 0 9 9 -
831795A1.CDR
Figure 1–1: REAR NAMEPLATE (EXAMPLE)

3. Ensure that the following items are included:
• Instruction manual.
• GE EnerVista CD (includes the EnerVista UR Setup software and manuals in PDF format).
• Mounting screws.
For product information, instruction manual updates, and the latest software updates, please visit the GE Multilin website at
http://www.GEmultilin.com.
If there is any noticeable physical damage, or any of the contents listed are missing, please contact GE
Multilin immediately.
NOTE
GE MULTILIN CONTACT INFORMATION AND CALL CENTER FOR PRODUCT SUPPORT:

GE Multilin
215 Anderson Avenue
Markham, Ontario
Canada L6E 1B3
TELEPHONE: (905) 294-6222, 1-800-547-8629 (North America only)
FAX: (905) 201-2098
E-MAIL: [email protected]
HOME PAGE: http://www.GEmultilin.com
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System 1-1

1.2 UR OVERVIEW 1 GETTING STARTED
1.2UR OVERVIEW 1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE UR
1 Historically, substation protection, control, and metering functions were performed with electromechanical equipment. This
first generation of equipment was gradually replaced by analog electronic equipment, most of which emulated the single-
function approach of their electromechanical precursors. Both of these technologies required expensive cabling and auxil-
iary equipment to produce functioning systems.
Recently, digital electronic equipment has begun to provide protection, control, and metering functions. Initially, this equip-
ment was either single function or had very limited multi-function capability, and did not significantly reduce the cabling and
auxiliary equipment required. However, recent digital relays have become quite multi-functional, reducing cabling and aux-
iliaries significantly. These devices also transfer data to central control facilities and Human Machine Interfaces using elec-
tronic communications. The functions performed by these products have become so broad that many users now prefer the
term IED (Intelligent Electronic Device).
It is obvious to station designers that the amount of cabling and auxiliary equipment installed in stations can be even further
reduced, to 20% to 70% of the levels common in 1990, to achieve large cost reductions. This requires placing even more
functions within the IEDs.
Users of power equipment are also interested in reducing cost by improving power quality and personnel productivity, and
as always, in increasing system reliability and efficiency. These objectives are realized through software which is used to
perform functions at both the station and supervisory levels. The use of these systems is growing rapidly.
High speed communications are required to meet the data transfer rates required by modern automatic control and moni-
toring systems. In the near future, very high speed communications will be required to perform protection signaling with a
performance target response time for a command signal between two IEDs, from transmission to reception, of less than 3
milliseconds. This has been established by the IEC 61850 standard.
IEDs with the capabilities outlined above will also provide significantly more power system data than is presently available,
enhance operations and maintenance, and permit the use of adaptive system configuration for protection and control sys-
tems. This new generation of equipment must also be easily incorporated into automation systems, at both the station and
enterprise levels. The GE Multilin Universal Relay (UR) has been developed to meet these goals.
1-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

1 GETTING STARTED 1.2 UR OVERVIEW
1.2.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
a) UR BASIC DESIGN 1
The UR is a digital-based device containing a central processing unit (CPU) that handles multiple types of input and output
signals. The UR can communicate over a local area network (LAN) with an operator interface, a programming device, or
another UR device.
Input Elements CPU Module Output Elements

Contact Inputs Protective Elements Contact Outputs
Virtual Inputs Pickup Virtual Outputs
Dropout
Input Output
Analog Inputs Operate Analog Outputs
CT Inputs Status Status Remote Outputs
VT Inputs Table Logic Gates Table -DNA
-USER
Remote Inputs
Direct Inputs Direct Outputs
LAN
Programming Operator
Device Interface
827822A2.CDR
Figure 1–2: UR CONCEPT BLOCK DIAGRAM

The CPU module contains firmware that provides protection elements in the form of logic algorithms, as well as program-
mable logic gates, timers, and latches for control features.
Input elements accept a variety of analog or digital signals from the field. The UR isolates and converts these signals into
logic signals used by the relay.
Output elements convert and isolate the logic signals generated by the relay into digital or analog signals that can be used
to control field devices.
b) UR SIGNAL TYPES
The contact inputs and outputs are digital signals associated with connections to hard-wired contacts. Both ‘wet’ and ‘dry’
contacts are supported.
The virtual inputs and outputs are digital signals associated with UR-series internal logic signals. Virtual inputs include
signals generated by the local user interface. The virtual outputs are outputs of FlexLogic™ equations used to customize
the device. Virtual outputs can also serve as virtual inputs to FlexLogic™ equations.
The analog inputs and outputs are signals that are associated with transducers, such as Resistance Temperature Detec-
tors (RTDs).
The CT and VT inputs refer to analog current transformer and voltage transformer signals used to monitor AC power lines.
The UR-series relays support 1 A and 5 A CTs.
The remote inputs and outputs provide a means of sharing digital point state information between remote UR-series
devices. The remote outputs interface to the remote inputs of other UR-series devices. Remote outputs are FlexLogic™
operands inserted into IEC 61850 GSSE and GOOSE messages.
The direct inputs and outputs provide a means of sharing digital point states between a number of UR-series IEDs over a
dedicated fiber (single or multimode), RS422, or G.703 interface. No switching equipment is required as the IEDs are con-
nected directly in a ring or redundant (dual) ring configuration. This feature is optimized for speed and intended for pilot-
aided schemes, distributed logic applications, or the extension of the input/output capabilities of a single relay chassis.

1.2 UR OVERVIEW 1 GETTING STARTED
c) UR SCAN OPERATION
1 The UR-series devices operate in a cyclic scan fashion. The device reads the inputs into an input status table, solves the
logic program (FlexLogic™ equation), and then sets each output to the appropriate state in an output status table. Any
resulting task execution is priority interrupt-driven.
Read Inputs
Protection elements
serviced by sub-scan
Protective Elements
PKP
Solve Logic DPO
OP
Set Outputs
827823A1.CDR
Figure 1–3: UR-SERIES SCAN OPERATION
1.2.3 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
The firmware (software embedded in the relay) is designed in functional modules which can be installed in any relay as
required. This is achieved with object-oriented design and programming (OOD/OOP) techniques.
Object-oriented techniques involve the use of objects and classes. An object is defined as “a logical entity that contains
both data and code that manipulates that data”. A class is the generalized form of similar objects. By using this concept,
one can create a protection class with the protection elements as objects of the class, such as time overcurrent, instanta-
neous overcurrent, current differential, undervoltage, overvoltage, underfrequency, and distance. These objects represent
completely self-contained software modules. The same object-class concept can be used for metering, input/output control,
hmi, communications, or any functional entity in the system.
Employing OOD/OOP in the software architecture of the L90 achieves the same features as the hardware architecture:
modularity, scalability, and flexibility. The application software for any UR-series device (for example, feeder protection,
transformer protection, distance protection) is constructed by combining objects from the various functionality classes. This
results in a common look and feel across the entire family of UR-series platform-based applications.
1.2.4 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
As described above, the architecture of the UR-series relays differ from previous devices. To achieve a general understand-
ing of this device, some sections of Chapter 5 are quite helpful. The most important functions of the relay are contained in
“elements”. A description of the UR-series elements can be found in the Introduction to elements section in chapter 5.
Examples of simple elements, and some of the organization of this manual, can be found in the Control elements section of
chapter 5. An explanation of the use of inputs from CTs and VTs is in the Introduction to AC sources section in chapter 5. A
description of how digital signals are used and routed within the relay is contained in the Introduction to FlexLogic™ section
in chapter 5.

1 GETTING STARTED 1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE
1.3ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE 1.3.1 PC REQUIREMENTS
The faceplate keypad and display or the EnerVista UR Setup software interface can be used to communicate with the relay.
1
The EnerVista UR Setup software interface is the preferred method to edit settings and view actual values because the PC
monitor can display more information in a simple comprehensible format.
The following minimum requirements must be met for the EnerVista UR Setup software to properly operate on a PC.
• Pentium class or higher processor (Pentium II 300 MHz or higher recommended)
• Windows 95, 98, 98SE, ME, NT 4.0 (Service Pack 4 or higher), 2000, XP
• Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher
• 128 MB of RAM (256 MB recommended)
• 200 MB of available space on system drive and 200 MB of available space on installation drive
• Video capable of displaying 800 x 600 or higher in high-color mode (16-bit color)
• RS232 and/or Ethernet port for communications to the relay
The following qualified modems have been tested to be compliant with the L90 and the EnerVista UR Setup software.
• US Robotics external 56K FaxModem 5686
• US Robotics external Sportster 56K X2
• PCTEL 2304WT V.92 MDC internal modem
1.3.2 INSTALLATION
After ensuring the minimum requirements for using EnerVista UR Setup are met (see previous section), use the following
procedure to install the EnerVista UR Setup from the enclosed GE EnerVista CD.
1. Insert the GE EnerVista CD into your CD-ROM drive.
2. Click the Install Now button and follow the installation instructions to install the no-charge EnerVista software.
3. When installation is complete, start the EnerVista Launchpad application.
4. Click the IED Setup section of the Launch Pad window.
5. In the EnerVista Launch Pad window, click the Add Product button and select the “L90 Line Current Differential Sys-
tem” from the Install Software window as shown below. Select the “Web” option to ensure the most recent software

1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE 1 GETTING STARTED
release, or select “CD” if you do not have a web connection, then click the Add Now button to list software items for
the L90.
1
6. EnerVista Launchpad will obtain the software from the Web or CD and automatically start the installation program.
7. Select the complete path, including the new directory name, where the EnerVista UR Setup will be installed.
8. Click on Next to begin the installation. The files will be installed in the directory indicated and the installation program
will automatically create icons and add EnerVista UR Setup to the Windows start menu.
9. Click Finish to end the installation. The UR-series device will be added to the list of installed IEDs in the EnerVista
Launchpad window, as shown below.
1.3.3 CONFIGURING THE L90 FOR SOFTWARE ACCESS
a) OVERVIEW
The user can connect remotely to the L90 through the rear RS485 port or the rear Ethernet port with a PC running the
EnerVista UR Setup software. The L90 can also be accessed locally with a laptop computer through the front panel RS232
port or the rear Ethernet port using the Quick Connect feature.

• To configure the L90 for remote access via the rear RS485 port(s), refer to the Configuring Serial Communications
section.
• To configure the L90 for remote access via the rear Ethernet port, refer to the Configuring Ethernet Communications
1
section. An Ethernet module must be specified at the time of ordering.
• To configure the L90 for local access with a laptop through either the front RS232 port or rear Ethernet port, refer to the
Using the Quick Connect Feature section. An Ethernet module must be specified at the time of ordering for Ethernet
communications.
b) CONFIGURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

Before starting, verify that the serial cable is properly connected to the RS485 terminals on the back of the device. The
faceplate RS232 port is intended for local use and is not described in this section; see the Using the Quick Connect Feature
section for details on configuring the RS232 port.
A GE Multilin F485 converter (or compatible RS232-to-RS485 converter) is will be required. Refer to the F485 instruction
manual for additional details.
1. Verify that the latest version of the EnerVista UR Setup software is installed (available from the GE EnerVista CD or
online from http://www.GEmultilin.com). See the Software Installation section for installation details.
2. Select the “UR” device from the EnerVista Launchpad to start EnerVista UR Setup.
3. Click the Device Setup button to open the Device Setup window and click the Add Site button to define a new site.
4. Enter the desired site name in the “Site Name” field. If desired, a short description of site can also be entered along
with the display order of devices defined for the site. In this example, we will use “Location 1” as the site name. Click
the OK button when complete.
5. The new site will appear in the upper-left list in the EnerVista UR Setup window. Click the Device Setup button then
select the new site to re-open the Device Setup window.
6. Click the Add Device button to define the new device.
7. Enter the desired name in the “Device Name” field and a description (optional) of the site.
8. Select “Serial” from the Interface drop-down list. This will display a number of interface parameters that must be
entered for proper serial communications.
Figure 1–4: CONFIGURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

9. Enter the relay slave address, COM port, baud rate, and parity settings from the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COM-
MUNICATIONS ÖØ SERIAL PORTS menu in their respective fields.
1 10. Click the Read Order Code button to connect to the L90 device and upload the order code. If an communications error
occurs, ensure that the EnerVista UR Setup serial communications values entered in the previous step correspond to
the relay setting values.
11. Click “OK” when the relay order code has been received. The new device will be added to the Site List window (or
Online window) located in the top left corner of the main EnerVista UR Setup window.
The Site Device has now been configured for RS232 communications. Proceed to the Connecting to the L90 section to
begin communications.
c) CONFIGURING ETHERNET COMMUNICATIONS

Before starting, verify that the Ethernet network cable is properly connected to the Ethernet port on the back of the relay. To
setup the relay for Ethernet communications, it will be necessary to define a Site, then add the relay as a Device at that site.
3. Click the Device Setup button to open the Device Setup window, then click the Add Site button to define a new site.
4. Enter the desired site name in the “Site Name” field. If desired, a short description of site can also be entered along
with the display order of devices defined for the site. In this example, we will use “Location 2” as the site name. Click
the OK button when complete.
5. The new site will appear in the upper-left list in the EnerVista UR Setup window. Click the Device Setup button then
select the new site to re-open the Device Setup window.
6. Click the Add Device button to define the new device.
7. Enter the desired name in the “Device Name” field and a description (optional) of the site.
8. Select “Ethernet” from the Interface drop-down list. This will display a number of interface parameters that must be
entered for proper Ethernet functionality.
Figure 1–5: CONFIGURING ETHERNET COMMUNICATIONS

9. Enter the relay IP address specified in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ NETWORK Ö IP
ADDRESS) in the “IP Address” field.
10. Enter the relay slave address and Modbus port address values from the respective settings in the SETTINGS Ö PROD-
1
UCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ MODBUS PROTOCOL menu.
11. Click the Read Order Code button to connect to the L90 device and upload the order code. If an communications error
occurs, ensure that the three EnerVista UR Setup values entered in the previous steps correspond to the relay setting
values.
12. Click OK when the relay order code has been received. The new device will be added to the Site List window (or
Online window) located in the top left corner of the main EnerVista UR Setup window.
The Site Device has now been configured for Ethernet communications. Proceed to the Connecting to the L90 section to
begin communications.
1.3.4 USING THE QUICK CONNECT FEATURE
a) USING QUICK CONNECT VIA THE FRONT PANEL RS232 PORT

Before starting, verify that the serial cable is properly connected from the laptop computer to the front panel RS232 port
with a straight-through 9-pin to 9-pin RS232 cable.
3. Click the Quick Connect button to open the Quick Connect dialog box.
4. Select the Serial interface and the correct COM Port, then click Connect.
5. The EnerVista UR Setup software will create a site named “Quick Connect” with a corresponding device also named
“Quick Connect” and display them on the upper-left corner of the screen. Expand the sections to view data directly
from the L90 device.
Each time the EnerVista UR Setup software is initialized, click the Quick Connect button to establish direct communica-
tions to the L90. This ensures that configuration of the EnerVista UR Setup software matches the L90 model number.
b) USING QUICK CONNECT VIA THE REAR ETHERNET PORTS

To use the Quick Connect feature to access the L90 from a laptop through Ethernet, first assign an IP address to the relay
from the front panel keyboard.
1. Press the MENU key until the SETTINGS menu is displayed.
2. Navigate to the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ NETWORK Ö IP ADDRESS setting.
3. Enter an IP address of “1.1.1.1” and select the ENTER key to save the value.
4. In the same menu, select the SUBNET IP MASK setting.
5. Enter a subnet IP address of “255.0.0.0” and press the ENTER key to save the value.

Next, use an Ethernet cross-over cable to connect the laptop to the rear Ethernet port. The pinout for an Ethernet cross-
over cable is shown below.
1 4 5 6
3 END 1 END 2
2 7 Pin Wire color Diagram Pin Wire color Diagram
1 8 1 White/orange 1 White/green
2 Orange 2 Green
3 White/green 3 White/orange
4 Blue 4 Blue
5 White/blue 5 White/blue
6 Green 6 Orange
7 White/brown 7 White/brown
8 Brown 8 Brown
842799A1.CDR
Figure 1–6: ETHERNET CROSS-OVER CABLE PIN LAYOUT

Now, assign the laptop computer an IP address compatible with the relay’s IP address.
1. From the Windows desktop, right-click the My Network Places icon and select Properties to open the network con-
nections window.
2. Right-click the Local Area Connection icon and select Properties.

3. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) item from the list provided and click the Properties button.
4. Click on the “Use the following IP address” box.

5. Enter an IP address with the first three numbers the same as the IP address of the L90 relay and the last number dif-
ferent (in this example, 1.1.1.2).
6. Enter a subnet mask equal to the one set in the L90 (in this example, 255.0.0.0).
7. Click OK to save the values.
Before continuing, it will be necessary to test the Ethernet connection.
1. Open a Windows console window by selecting Start > Run from the Windows Start menu and typing “cmd”.
2. Type the following command:
C:\WINNT>ping 1.1.1.1
3. If the connection is successful, the system will return four replies as follows:
Pinging 1.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 1.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip time in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0 ms
4. Note that the values for time and TTL will vary depending on local network configuration.
If the following sequence of messages appears when entering the C:\WINNT>ping 1.1.1.1 command:

1 Request
Request
timed
timed
out.
out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Verify the physical connection between the L90 and the laptop computer, and double-check the programmed IP address in
the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ NETWORK Ö IP ADDRESS setting, then repeat step 2 in the above procedure.
Hardware error.
Hardware error.
Hardware error.
Hardware error.
Verify the physical connection between the L90 and the laptop computer, and double-check the programmed IP address in
the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ NETWORK Ö IP ADDRESS setting, then repeat step 2 in the above procedure.
Destination host unreachable.
Verify the IP address is programmed in the local PC by entering the ipconfig command in the command window.
C:\WINNT>ipconfig
Windows 2000 IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter <F4FE223E-5EB6-4BFB-9E34-1BD7BE7F59FF>:
Connection-specific DNS suffix. . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 1.1.1.2
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :
C:\WINNT>
It may be necessary to restart the laptop for the change in IP address to take effect (Windows 98 or NT).

Before using the Quick Connect feature through the Ethernet port, it is necessary to disable any configured proxy settings
in Internet Explorer.
1. Start the Internet Explorer software.
1
2. Select the Tools > Internet Options menu item and click on Connections tab.
3. Click on the LAN Settings button to open the following window.
4. Ensure that the “Use a proxy server for your LAN” box is not checked.
If this computer is used to connect to the Internet, re-enable any proxy server settings after the laptop has been discon-
nected from the L90 relay.
1. Verify that the latest version of the EnerVista UR Setup software is installed (available from the GE enerVista CD or
2. Start the Internet Explorer software.
4. Click the Quick Connect button to open the Quick Connect dialog box.
5. Select the Ethernet interface and enter the IP address assigned to the L90, then click Connect.
6. The EnerVista UR Setup software will create a site named “Quick Connect” with a corresponding device also named
“Quick Connect” and display them on the upper-left corner of the screen. Expand the sections to view data directly
from the L90 device.
Each time the EnerVista UR Setup software is initialized, click the Quick Connect button to establish direct communica-
tions to the L90. This ensures that configuration of the EnerVista UR Setup software matches the L90 model number.
When direct communications with the L90 via Ethernet is complete, make the following changes:
1. From the Windows desktop, right-click the My Network Places icon and select Properties to open the network con-
nections window.
2. Right-click the Local Area Connection icon and select the Properties item.
3. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) item from the list provided and click the Properties button.

4. Set the computer to “Obtain a relay address automatically” as shown below.
If this computer is used to connect to the Internet, re-enable any proxy server settings after the laptop has been discon-
nected from the L90 relay.
AUTOMATIC DISCOVERY OF ETHERNET DEVICES
The EnerVista UR Setup software can automatically discover and communicate to all UR-series IEDs located on an Ether-
net network.
Using the Quick Connect feature, a single click of the mouse will trigger the software to automatically detect any UR-series
relays located on the network. The EnerVista UR Setup software will then proceed to configure all settings and order code
options in the Device Setup menu, for the purpose of communicating to multiple relays. This feature allows the user to
identify and interrogate, in seconds, all UR-series devices in a particular location.

1.3.5 CONNECTING TO THE L90 RELAY
1. Open the Display Properties window through the Site List tree as shown below:
1
Quick action hot links
Expand the site list by double-clicking

or selecting the +/– box.
Communications status indicators:

Green = OK
Red = No communications
UR icon = report is open
842743A3.CDR
2. The Display Properties window will open with a status indicator on the lower left of the EnerVista UR Setup window.
3. If the status indicator is red, verify that the Ethernet network cable is properly connected to the Ethernet port on the
back of the relay and that the relay has been properly setup for communications (steps A and B earlier).
If a relay icon appears in place of the status indicator, than a report (such as an oscillography or event record) is open.
Close the report to re-display the green status indicator.
4. The Display Properties settings can now be edited, printed, or changed according to user specifications.
Refer to chapter 4 in this manual and the EnerVista UR Setup Help File for more information about the
using the EnerVista UR Setup software interface.
NOTE
QUICK ACTION HOT LINKS

The EnerVista UR Setup software has several new quick action buttons that provide users with instant access to several
functions that are often performed when using L90 relays. From the online window, users can select which relay to interro-
gate from a pull-down window, then click on the button for the action they wish to perform. The following quick action func-
tions are available:
• View the L90 event record.
• View the last recorded oscillography record.
• View the status of all L90 inputs and outputs.
• View all of the L90 metering values.
• View the L90 protection summary.

1.4 UR HARDWARE 1 GETTING STARTED
1.4UR HARDWARE 1.4.1 MOUNTING AND WIRING
1 Please refer to Chapter 3: Hardware for detailed mounting and wiring instructions. Review all WARNINGS and CAUTIONS
carefully.
1.4.2 COMMUNICATIONS
The EnerVista UR Setup software communicates to the relay via the faceplate RS232 port or the rear panel RS485 / Ether-
net ports. To communicate via the faceplate RS232 port, a standard straight-through serial cable is used. The DB-9 male
end is connected to the relay and the DB-9 or DB-25 female end is connected to the PC COM1 or COM2 port as described
in the CPU communications ports section of chapter 3.
Figure 1–7: RELAY COMMUNICATIONS OPTIONS

To communicate through the L90 rear RS485 port from a PC RS232 port, the GE Multilin RS232/RS485 converter box is
required. This device (catalog number F485) connects to the computer using a “straight-through” serial cable. A shielded
twisted-pair (20, 22, or 24 AWG) connects the F485 converter to the L90 rear communications port. The converter terminals
(+, –, GND) are connected to the L90 communication module (+, –, COM) terminals. Refer to the CPU communications
ports section in chapter 3 for option details. The line should be terminated with an R-C network (that is, 120 Ω, 1 nF) as
described in the chapter 3.
1.4.3 FACEPLATE DISPLAY
All messages are displayed on a 2 × 20 backlit liquid crystal display (LCD) to make them visible under poor lighting condi-
tions. Messages are descriptive and should not require the aid of an instruction manual for deciphering. While the keypad
and display are not actively being used, the display will default to user-defined messages. Any high priority event driven
message will automatically override the default message and appear on the display.

1 GETTING STARTED 1.5 USING THE RELAY
1.5USING THE RELAY 1.5.1 FACEPLATE KEYPAD
Display messages are organized into pages under the following headings: actual values, settings, commands, and targets.
1
The MENU key navigates through these pages. Each heading page is broken down further into logical subgroups.
The MESSAGE keys navigate through the subgroups. The VALUE keys scroll increment or decrement numerical setting
values when in programming mode. These keys also scroll through alphanumeric values in the text edit mode. Alterna-
tively, values may also be entered with the numeric keypad.
The decimal key initiates and advance to the next character in text edit mode or enters a decimal point. The HELP key may
be pressed at any time for context sensitive help messages. The ENTER key stores altered setting values.
1.5.2 MENU NAVIGATION
Press the MENU key to select the desired header display page (top-level menu). The header title appears momentarily fol-
lowed by a header display page menu item. Each press of the MENU key advances through the following main heading
pages:
• Actual values.
• Settings.
• Commands.
• Targets.
• User displays (when enabled).
1.5.3 MENU HIERARCHY
The setting and actual value messages are arranged hierarchically. The header display pages are indicated by double
scroll bar characters (), while sub-header pages are indicated by single scroll bar characters (). The header display
pages represent the highest level of the hierarchy and the sub-header display pages fall below this level. The MESSAGE
UP and DOWN keys move within a group of headers, sub-headers, setting values, or actual values. Continually pressing
the MESSAGE RIGHT key from a header display displays specific information for the header category. Conversely, contin-
ually pressing the MESSAGE LEFT key from a setting value or actual value display returns to the header display.
HIGHEST LEVEL LOWEST LEVEL (SETTING VALUE)
SETTINGS PASSWORD ACCESS LEVEL:

PRODUCT SETUP SECURITY Restricted
SETTINGS
SYSTEM SETUP
1.5.4 RELAY ACTIVATION
The relay is defaulted to the “Not Programmed” state when it leaves the factory. This safeguards against the installation of
a relay whose settings have not been entered. When powered up successfully, the Trouble LED will be on and the In Ser-
vice LED off. The relay in the “Not Programmed” state will block signaling of any output relay. These conditions will remain
until the relay is explicitly put in the “Programmed” state.
Select the menu message SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ INSTALLATION Ö RELAY SETTINGS
RELAY SETTINGS:
Not Programmed

1.5 USING THE RELAY 1 GETTING STARTED
To put the relay in the “Programmed” state, press either of the VALUE keys once and then press ENTER. The faceplate
Trouble LED will turn off and the In Service LED will turn on. The settings for the relay can be programmed manually (refer
1 to Chapter 5) via the faceplate keypad or remotely (refer to the EnerVista UR Setup help file) via the EnerVista UR Setup
software interface.
1.5.5 RELAY PASSWORDS
It is recommended that passwords be set up for each security level and assigned to specific personnel. There are two user
password security access levels, COMMAND and SETTING:
1. COMMAND
The COMMAND access level restricts the user from making any settings changes, but allows the user to perform the fol-
lowing operations:
• operate breakers via faceplate keypad
• change state of virtual inputs
• clear event records
• clear oscillography records
• operate user-programmable pushbuttons
2. SETTING
The SETTING access level allows the user to make any changes to any of the setting values.
Refer to the Changing Settings section in Chapter 4 for complete instructions on setting up security level
passwords.
NOTE
1.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ CUSTOMIZATION
FlexLogic™ equation editing is required for setting up user-defined logic for customizing the relay operations. See the Flex-
Logic™ section in Chapter 5 for additional details.

1 GETTING STARTED 1.5 USING THE RELAY
1.5.7 COMMISSIONING
Commissioning tests are included in the Commissioning chapter of this manual.

1
The L90 requires a minimum amount of maintenance when it is commissioned into service. Since the L90 is a microproces-
sor-based relay, its characteristics do not change over time. As such, no further functional tests are required.
Furthermore, the L90 performs a number of continual self-tests and takes the necessary action in case of any major errors
(see the Relay Self-tests section in chapter 7 for details). However, it is recommended that L90 maintenance be scheduled
with other system maintenance. This maintenance may involve the in-service, out-of-service, or unscheduled maintenance.
In-service maintenance:
1. Visual verification of the analog values integrity such as voltage and current (in comparison to other devices on the cor-
responding system).
2. Visual verification of active alarms, relay display messages, and LED indications.
3. LED test.
4. Visual inspection for any damage, corrosion, dust, or loose wires.
5. Event recorder file download with further events analysis.
Out-of-service maintenance:
1. Check wiring connections for firmness.
2. Analog values (currents, voltages, RTDs, analog inputs) injection test and metering accuracy verification. Calibrated
test equipment is required.
3. Protection elements setting verification (analog values injection or visual verification of setting file entries against relay
settings schedule).
4. Contact inputs and outputs verification. This test can be conducted by direct change of state forcing or as part of the
system functional testing.
5. Visual inspection for any damage, corrosion, or dust.
6. Event recorder file download with further events analysis.
7. LED Test and pushbutton continuity check.
Unscheduled maintenance such as during a disturbance causing system interruption:
1. View the event recorder and oscillography or fault report for correct operation of inputs, outputs, and elements.
If it is concluded that the relay or one of its modules is of concern, contact GE Multilin for prompt service.

1.5 USING THE RELAY 1 GETTING STARTED

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION
2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1INTRODUCTION 2.1.1 OVERVIEW
The L90 Line Current Differential System is a digital current differential relay system with an integral communications chan-
nel interface.
The L90 is intended to provide complete protection for transmission lines of any voltage level. Both three phase and single
phase tripping schemes are available. Models of the L90 are available for application on both two and three terminal lines.
The L90 uses per phase differential at 64 kbps transmitting two phaselets per cycle. The current differential scheme is
based on innovative patented techniques developed by GE. The L90 algorithms are based on the Fourier transform– 2
phaselet approach and an adaptive statistical restraint. The restraint is similar to a traditional percentage differential
scheme, but is adaptive based on relay measurements. When used with a 64 kbps channel, the innovative phaselets
approach yields an operating time of 1.0 to 1.5 cycles (typical). The adaptive statistical restraint approach provides both
more sensitive and more accurate fault sensing. This allows the L90 to detect relatively higher impedance single line to
ground faults that existing systems may not. The basic current differential element operates on current input only. Long
lines with significant capacitance can benefit from charging current compensation if terminal voltage measurements are
applied to the relay. The voltage input is also used for some protection and monitoring features such as directional ele-
ments, fault locator, metering, and distance backup.
The L90 is designed to operate over different communications links with various degrees of noise encountered in power
systems and communications environments. Since correct operation of the relay is completely dependent on data received
from the remote end, special attention must be paid to information validation. The L90 incorporates a high degree of secu-
rity by using a 32-bit CRC (cyclic redundancy code) inter-relay communications packet.
In addition to current differential protection, the relay provides multiple backup protection for phase and ground faults. For
overcurrent protection, the time overcurrent curves may be selected from a selection of standard curve shapes or a custom
FlexCurve™ for optimum co-ordination. Additionally, three zones of phase and ground distance protection with power
swing blocking, out-of-step tripping, line pickup, load encroachment, and permissive overreaching transfer trip (POTT) fea-
tures are included.
The L90 incorporates charging current compensation for applications on very long transmission lines without loss of sensi-
tivity. The line capacitive current is removed from the terminal phasors.
For breaker-and-a-half or ring applications, the L90 design provides secure operation during external faults with possible
CT saturation.
Voltage, current, and power metering is built into the relay as a standard feature. Current parameters are available as total
waveform RMS magnitude, or as fundamental frequency only RMS magnitude and angle (phasor).
Table 2–1: DEVICE NUMBERS AND FUNCTIONS

DEVICE FUNCTION DEVICE FUNCTION
NUMBER NUMBER
21G Ground distance 51P Phase time overcurrent
21P Phase distance 51_2 Negative-sequence time overcurrent
25 Synchrocheck 52 AC circuit breaker
27P Phase undervoltage 59N Neutral overvoltage
27X Auxiliary undervoltage 59P Phase overvoltage
32N Wattmetric zero-sequence directional 59X Auxiliary overvoltage
50BF Breaker failure 67N Neutral directional overcurrent
50DD Adaptive fault detector 67P Phase directional overcurrent
(sensitive current disturbance detector)
67_2 Negative-sequence directional overcurrent
50G Ground instantaneous overcurrent 68 Power swing blocking
50N Neutral instantaneous overcurrent 78 Out-of-step tripping
50P Phase instantaneous overcurrent 79 Automatic recloser
50_2 Negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent 87L Segregated line current differential
51G Ground time overcurrent 87LG Ground differential
51N Neutral time overcurrent

2.1 INTRODUCTION 2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
52
Monitoring 79
21G
Close Trip
2 50DD 50P
(2)
50_2
(2)
51P
(2)
51_2
(2)
50BF
(2)
87L 87LG
67P
(2)
68 78 21P
50N
(2)
51N
(2) 67N/Q
32N
(2)
Data from/to remote end

(via dedicated communications)
59P
Transducer inputs
Metering
FlexElementTM
27P
(2)
50G 51G
(2) (2)
59N
59X 27X
25
(2)
L90 Line Differential Protection System
831706AU.CDR
Figure 2–1: SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
Table 2–2: OTHER DEVICE FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION FUNCTION FUNCTION
Breaker Arcing Current (I2t) FlexElements™ (8) Oscillography
Breaker Control FlexLogic™ Equations Pilot Scheme (POTT)
Contact Inputs (up to 96) IEC 61850 Communications (optional) Setting Groups (6)
Contact Outputs (up to 64) L90 Channel Tests Stub Bus
Control Pushbuttons Line Pickup Synchrophasors
CT Failure Detector Load Encroachment Time Synchronization over SNTP
Data Logger Metering: Current, Voltage, Power, Transducer Inputs/Outputs
Energy, Frequency, Demand,
Digital Counters (8) Power Factor, 87L current, User Definable Displays
Digital Elements (48) local and remote phasors User Programmable LEDs
Direct Inputs (8 per L90 comms channel) Modbus Communications User Programmable Pushbuttons
Disconnect Switches Modbus User Map User Programmable Self-Tests
DNP 3.0 or IEC 60870-5-104 protocol Non-Volatile Latches Virtual Inputs (64)
Event Recorder Non-Volatile Selector Switch Virtual Outputs (96)
Fault Locator and Fault Reporting Open Pole Detector VT Fuse Failure

2.1.2 FEATURES
LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL

• Phase segregated, high-speed digital current differential system.
• Overhead and underground AC transmission lines, series compensated lines.
• Two-terminal and three-terminal line applications.
• Zero-sequence removal for application on lines with tapped transformers connected in a grounded wye on the line 2
side.
• GE phaselets approach based on the Discrete Fourier Transform with 64 samples per cycle and transmitting two time-
stamped phaselets per cycle.
• Adaptive restraint approach improving sensitivity and accuracy of fault sensing.
• Increased security for trip decision using disturbance detector and trip output logic.
• Continuous clock synchronization via the distributed synchronization technique.
• Increased transient stability through DC decaying offset removal.
• Accommodates up to five times CT ratio differences.
• Peer-to-peer (master-master) architecture changing to master-slave via DTT (if channel fails) at 64 kbps.
• Charging current compensation.
• Interfaces direct fiber, multiplexed RS422 and G.703 connections with relay ID check.
• Per-phase line differential protection direct transfer trip plus eight user-assigned pilot signals via the communications
channel.
• Secure 32-bit CRC protection against communications errors.
• Channel asymmetry (up to 10 ms) compensation using GPS satellite-controlled clock.
BACKUP PROTECTION:
• DTT provision for pilot schemes.
• Three zones of distance protection with POTT scheme, power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping, line pickup, and
load encroachment.
• Two-element time overcurrent and two-element instantaneous overcurrent directional phase overcurrent protection.
• Two-element time overcurrent and two-element instantaneous overcurrent directional zero-sequence protection.
• Two-element time overcurrent and two-element instantaneous overcurrent negative-sequence overcurrent protection.
• Undervoltage and overvoltage protection.
ADDITIONAL PROTECTION:
• Breaker failure protection.
• Stub bus protection.
• VT and CT supervision.
• GE Multilin sources approach allowing grouping of different CTs and VTs from multiple input channels.
• Open pole detection.
• Breaker trip coil supervision and seal-in of trip command.
• FlexLogic™ allowing creation of user-defined distributed protection and control logic.
CONTROL:
• One and two breaker configuration for breaker-and-a-half and ring bus schemes, pushbutton control from the relay.
• Auto-reclosing and synchrochecking.
• Breaker arcing current.

MONITORING:
• Oscillography of current, voltage, FlexLogic™ operands, and digital signals (1 × 128 cycles to 31 × 8 cycles configu-
rable).
• Events recorder: 1024 events.
• Fault locator.
METERING:
2 • Actual 87L remote phasors, differential current, channel delay, and channel asymmetry at all line terminals of line cur-
rent differential protection.
• Line current, voltage, real power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, and frequency.
COMMUNICATIONS:
• Front panel RS232 port: 19.2 kbps.
• One or two rear RS485 ports: up to 115 kbps.
• 10Base-F Ethernet port supporting the IEC 61850 protocol.
2.1.3 ORDERING
a) OVERVIEW
The L90 is available as a 19-inch rack horizontal mount or reduced-size (¾) vertical unit and consists of the following mod-
ules: power supply, CPU, CT/VT, digital input and output, transducer input and output, and inter-relay communications.
Each of these modules can be supplied in a number of configurations specified at the time of ordering. The information
required to completely specify the relay is provided in the following tables (see chapter 3 for full details of relay modules).
Order codes are subject to change without notice. Refer to the GE Multilin ordering page at
http://www.GEindustrial.com/multilin/order.htm for the latest details concerning L90 ordering options.
NOTE
The order code structure is dependent on the mounting option (horizontal or vertical) and the type of CT/VT modules (regu-
lar CT/VT modules or the HardFiber modules). The order code options are described in the following sub-sections.

b) ORDER CODES WITH TRADITIONAL CTS AND VTS

The order codes for the horizontal mount units with traditional CTs and VTs are shown below.
Table 2–3: L90 ORDER CODES (HORIZONTAL UNITS)

L90 - * ** - * * * - F ** - H ** - L ** - N ** - S ** - U ** - W/X ** Full Size Horizontal Mount
BASE UNIT L90 | | | | | | | | | | | | Base Unit
CPU E | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and RS485
G | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 10Base-F
H | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 10Base-F
J | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX
K
L
M
N
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX
RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX
RS485 and 10/100Base-T
2
P | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX
R | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
S | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and six-port managed Ethernet switch
SOFTWARE 00 | | | | | | | | | | No software options
(IEC 61850 options 02 | | | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-Half software
not available with 03 | | | | | | | | | | IEC 61850
type E CPUs) 05 | | | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-Half software and IEC 61850
06 | | | | | | | | | | One phasor measurement unit (PMU)
07 | | | | | | | | | | IEC 61850 and one phasor measurement unit (PMU)
08 | | | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-Half and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
09 | | | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-Half, IEC 61850, and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
MOUNT/COATING H | | | | | | | | | Horizontal (19” rack)
A | | | | | | | | | Horizontal (19” rack) with harsh environmental coating
FACEPLATE/ DISPLAY C | | | | | | | | English display
D | | | | | | | | French display
R | | | | | | | | Russian display
A | | | | | | | | Chinese display
P | | | | | | | | English display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
G | | | | | | | | French display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
S | | | | | | | | Russian display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
B | | | | | | | | Chinese display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
K | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display
M | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display
Q | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display
U | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display
L | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display and user-programmable pushbuttons
N | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display and user-programmable pushbuttons
T | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display and user-programmable pushbuttons
V | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display and user-programmable pushbuttons
POWER SUPPLY H | | | | | | | 125 / 250 V AC/DC power supply
(redundant supply must H | | | | | | RH 125 / 250 V AC/DC with redundant 125 / 250 V AC/DC power supply
be same type as main supply) L | | | | | | | 24 to 48 V (DC only) power supply
L | | | | | | RL 24 to 48 V (DC only) with redundant 24 to 48 V DC power supply
CT/VT MODULES 8F | 8F | | | | Standard 4CT/4VT
8H | 8H | | | | Standard 8CT
8L | 8L | | | | Standard 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics (required for PMU option)
8N | 8N | | | | Standard 8CT with enhanced diagnostics (required for PMU option)
DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS XX XX XX XX XX | No Module
4A 4A 4A 4A 4A | 4 Solid-State (no monitoring) MOSFET outputs
4B 4B 4B 4B 4B | 4 Solid-State (voltage with optional current) MOSFET outputs
4C 4C 4C 4C 4C | 4 Solid-State (current with optional voltage) MOSFET outputs
4D 4D 4D 4D 4D | 16 digital inputs with Auto-Burnishing
4L 4L 4L 4L 4L | 14 Form-A (no monitoring) Latching outputs
67 67 67 67 67 | 8 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs
6A 6A 6A 6A 6A | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6B 6B 6B 6B 6B | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6C 6C 6C 6C 6C | 8 Form-C outputs
6D 6D 6D 6D 6D | 16 digital inputs
6E 6E 6E 6E 6E | 4 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6F 6F 6F 6F 6F | 8 Fast Form-C outputs
6G 6G 6G 6G 6G | 4 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6H 6H 6H 6H 6H | 6 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6K 6K 6K 6K 6K | 4 Form-C and 4 Fast Form-C outputs
6L 6L 6L 6L 6L | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6M 6M 6M 6M 6M | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6N 6N 6N 6N 6N | 4 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6P 6P 6P 6P 6P | 6 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6R 6R 6R 6R 6R | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6S 6S 6S 6S 6S | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6T 6T 6T 6T 6T | 4 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6U 6U 6U 6U 6U | 6 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6V 6V 6V 6V 6V | 2 Form-A outputs, 1 Form-C output, 2 Form-A (no monitoring) latching outputs, 8 digital inputs
TRANSDUCER 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A | 4 dcmA inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5A module is allowed)
INPUTS/OUTPUTS 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C | 8 RTD inputs
(select a maximum of 3 per unit) 5D 5D 5D 5D 5D | 4 RTD inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5D module is allowed)
5E 5E 5E 5E 5E | 4 RTD inputs, 4 dcmA inputs
5F 5F 5F 5F 5F | 8 dcmA inputs
INTER-RELAY 2A 2A C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode
COMMUNICATIONS 2B 2B C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode
(select a maximum of 1 per unit) 2E 2E Bi-phase, single channel
2F 2F Bi-phase, dual channel
2G 2G IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
2H 2H IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
| 2S Six-port managed Ethernet switch with high voltage supply (110 to 250 V DC / 100 to 240 V AC)
| 2T Six-port managed Ethernet switch with low voltage supply (48 V DC)
72 72 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
74 74 Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER
75 75 Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, Single-mode LASER
76 76 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
77 77 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
7A 7A 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7B 7B 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7C 7C 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 Channel
7D 7D 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
7E 7E Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode
7F 7F Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode
7G 7G Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode ELED
7H 7H 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7I 7I 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7J 7J 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Channels
7K 7K 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 Channels
7L 7L Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode, LED
7M 7M Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED
7N 7N Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED
7P 7P Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER
7Q 7Q Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode LASER
7R 7R G.703, 1 Channel
7S 7S G.703, 2 Channels
7T 7T RS422, 1 Channel
7V 7V RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs
7W 7W RS422, 2 Channels

The order codes for the reduced size vertical mount units with traditional CTs and VTs are shown below.
Table 2–4: L90 ORDER CODES (REDUCED SIZE VERTICAL UNITS)

L90 - * ** - * * * - F ** - H ** - L ** - N ** - R ** Reduced Size Vertical Mount
BASE UNIT L90 | | | | | | | | | | Base Unit
CPU E | | | | | | | | | RS485 and RS485
G | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 10Base-F
H | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 10Base-F
J | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX
K | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
L | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX
M | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX
2 SOFTWARE
N
P
R
|
|
|
00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX
RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
No software options
(IEC 61850 options 02 | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-half software
not available with 03 | | | | | | | | IEC 61850
type E CPUs) 05 | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-half software and IEC 61850
06 | | | | | | | | Phasor measurement unit (PMU)
07 | | | | | | | | IEC 61850 and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
08 | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-half and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
09 | | | | | | | | Breaker-and-a-half, IEC 61850, and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
MOUNT/COATING V | | | | | | | Vertical (3/4 rack)
B | | | | | | | Vertical (3/4 rack) with harsh environmental coating
FACEPLATE/ DISPLAY C | | | | | | English display
D | | | | | | French display
R | | | | | | Russian display
A | | | | | | Chinese display
K | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display
M | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display
Q | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display
U | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display
L | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display and user-programmable pushbuttons
N | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display and user-programmable pushbuttons
T | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display and user-programmable pushbuttons
V | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display and user-programmable pushbuttons
POWER SUPPLY H | | | | | 125 / 250 V AC/DC power supply
L | | | | | 24 to 48 V (DC only) power supply
CT/VT MODULES 8F | 8F | | Standard 4CT/4VT
8H | 8H | | Standard 8CT
8L | 8L | | Standard 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics (required for PMU option)
8N | 8N | | Standard 8CT with enhanced diagnostics (required for PMU option)
DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS XX XX XX | No Module
4A 4A 4A | 4 Solid-State (no monitoring) MOSFET outputs
4B 4B 4B | 4 Solid-State (voltage with optional current) MOSFET outputs
4C 4C 4C | 4 Solid-State (current with optional voltage) MOSFET outputs
4D 4D 4D | 16 digital inputs with Auto-Burnishing
4L 4L 4L | 14 Form-A (no monitoring) Latching outputs
67 67 67 | 8 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs
6A 6A 6A | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6B 6B 6B | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6C 6C 6C | 8 Form-C outputs
6D 6D 6D | 16 digital inputs
6E 6E 6E | 4 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6F 6F 6F | 8 Fast Form-C outputs
6G 6G 6G | 4 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6H 6H 6H | 6 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6K 6K 6K | 4 Form-C and 4 Fast Form-C outputs
6L 6L 6L | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6M 6M 6M | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6N 6N 6N | 4 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6P 6P 6P | 6 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6R 6R 6R | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6S 6S 6S | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6T 6T 6T | 4 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6U 6U 6U | 6 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6V 6V 6V | 2 Form-A outputs, 1 Form-C output, 2 Form-A (no monitoring) latching outputs, 8 digital inputs
TRANSDUCER 5A 5A 5A | 4 dcmA inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5A module is allowed)
INPUTS/OUTPUTS 5C 5C 5C | 8 RTD inputs
(select a maximum of 3 per unit) 5D 5D 5D | 4 RTD inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5D module is allowed)
5E 5E 5E | 4 RTD inputs, 4 dcmA inputs
5F 5F 5F | 8 dcmA inputs
INTER-RELAY 2A C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode
COMMUNICATIONS 2B C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode
(select a maximum of 1 per unit) 2E Bi-phase, single channel
2F Bi-phase, dual channel
2G IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
2H IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
72 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
74 Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER
75 Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, Single-mode LASER
76 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
77 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
7A 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7B 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7C 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 Channel
7D 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
7E Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode
7F Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode
7G Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode ELED
7H 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7I 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7J 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Channels
7K 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 Channels
7L Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode, LED
7M Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED
7N Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED
7P Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER
7Q Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode LASER
7R G.703, 1 Channel
7S G.703, 2 Channels
7T RS422, 1 Channel
7V RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs
7W RS422, 2 Channels

c) ORDER CODES WITH PROCESS BUS MODULES

The order codes for the horizontal mount units with the process bus module are shown below.
Table 2–5: L90 ORDER CODES (HORIZONTAL UNITS WITH PROCESS BUS)
L90 - * ** - * * * - F ** - H ** - L ** - N ** - S ** - U ** - W/X ** Full Size Horizontal Mount
BASE UNIT L90 | | | | | | | | | | | | Base Unit
CPU E | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and RS485
G | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 10Base-F
H | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 10Base-F
J | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX
K
L
M
N
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX
RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX
2
P | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX
R | | | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
SOFTWARE 00 | | | | | | | | | | No software options
(IEC 61850 options 03 | | | | | | | | | | IEC 61850
not available with 06 | | | | | | | | | | One phasor measurement unit (PMU)
type E CPUs) 07 | | | | | | | | | | IEC 61850 and one phasor measurement unit (PMU)
MOUNT/COATING H | | | | | | | | | Horizontal (19” rack)
A | | | | | | | | | Horizontal (19” rack) with harsh environmental coating
FACEPLATE/ DISPLAY C | | | | | | | | English display
D | | | | | | | | French display
R | | | | | | | | Russian display
A | | | | | | | | Chinese display
P | | | | | | | | English display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
G | | | | | | | | French display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
S | | | | | | | | Russian display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
B | | | | | | | | Chinese display with 4 small and 12 large programmable pushbuttons
K | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display
M | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display
Q | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display
U | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display
L | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display and user-programmable pushbuttons
N | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display and user-programmable pushbuttons
T | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display and user-programmable pushbuttons
V | | | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display and user-programmable pushbuttons
POWER SUPPLY H | | | | | | | 125 / 250 V AC/DC power supply
(redundant supply must H | | | | | | RH 125 / 250 V AC/DC with redundant 125 / 250 V AC/DC power supply
be same type as main supply) L | | | | | | | 24 to 48 V (DC only) power supply
L | | | | | | RL 24 to 48 V (DC only) with redundant 24 to 48 V DC power supply
PROCESS BUS MODULE | 81 | | | | | Eight-port digital process bus module
DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS XX XX XX XX XX XX No Module
4A 4A | | 4 Solid-State (no monitoring) MOSFET outputs
4B 4B | | 4 Solid-State (voltage with optional current) MOSFET outputs
4C 4C | | 4 Solid-State (current with optional voltage) MOSFET outputs
4D 4D | | 16 digital inputs with Auto-Burnishing
4L 4L | | 14 Form-A (no monitoring) Latching outputs
67 67 | | 8 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs
6A 6A | | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6B 6B | | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6C 6C | | 8 Form-C outputs
6D 6D | | 16 digital inputs
6E 6E | | 4 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6F 6F | | 8 Fast Form-C outputs
6G 6G | | 4 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6H 6H | | 6 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6K 6K | | 4 Form-C and 4 Fast Form-C outputs
6L 6L | | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6M 6M | | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6N 6N | | 4 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6P 6P | | 6 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6R 6R | | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6S 6S | | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6T 6T | | 4 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6U 6U | | 6 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6V 6V | | 2 Form-A outputs, 1 Form-C output, 2 Form-A (no monitoring) latching outputs, 8 digital inputs
INTER-RELAY 2A 2A C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode
COMMUNICATIONS 2B 2B C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode
(select a maximum of 1 per unit) 2E 2E Bi-phase, single channel
2F 2F Bi-phase, dual channel
2G 2G IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
2H 2H IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
74 74 Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER
75 75 Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, Single-mode LASER
76 76 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
77 77 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
7A 7A 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7B 7B 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7C 7C 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 Channel
7D 7D 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
7E 7E Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode
7F 7F Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode
7G 7G Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode ELED
7H 7H 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7I 7I 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7J 7J 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Channels
7K 7K 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 Channels
7L 7L Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode, LED
7M 7M Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED
7N 7N Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED
7P 7P Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER
7Q 7Q Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode LASER
7R 7R G.703, 1 Channel
7S 7S G.703, 2 Channels
7T 7T RS422, 1 Channel
7V 7V RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs
7W 7W RS422, 2 Channels

The order codes for the reduced size vertical mount units with the process bus module are shown below.
Table 2–6: L90 ORDER CODES (REDUCED SIZE VERTICAL UNITS WITH PROCESS BUS)
L90 - * ** - * * * - F ** - H ** - L ** - N ** - R ** Reduced Size Vertical Mount
BASE UNIT L90 | | | | | | | | | | Base Unit
CPU E | | | | | | | | | RS485 and RS485
G | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 10Base-F
H | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 10Base-F
J | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX
K | | | | | | | | | RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
L | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX
M | | | | | | | | | RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX
2 SOFTWARE
N
P
R
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00
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RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX
RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
No software options
(IEC 61850 options 03 | | | | | | | | IEC 61850
not available with 06 | | | | | | | | Phasor measurement unit (PMU)
type E CPUs) 07 | | | | | | | | IEC 61850 and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
MOUNT/COATING V | | | | | | | Vertical (3/4 rack)
B | | | | | | | Vertical (3/4 rack) with harsh environmental coating
FACEPLATE/ DISPLAY C | | | | | | English display
D | | | | | | French display
R | | | | | | Russian display
A | | | | | | Chinese display
K | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display
M | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display
Q | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display
U | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display
L | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with English display and user-programmable pushbuttons
N | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with French display and user-programmable pushbuttons
T | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Russian display and user-programmable pushbuttons
V | | | | | | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display and user-programmable pushbuttons
POWER SUPPLY H | | | | | 125 / 250 V AC/DC power supply
L | | | | | 24 to 48 V (DC only) power supply
PROCESS BUS MODULE | 81 | | | Eight-port digital process bus module
DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS XX XX XX XX No Module
4A | 4 Solid-State (no monitoring) MOSFET outputs
4B | 4 Solid-State (voltage with optional current) MOSFET outputs
4C | 4 Solid-State (current with optional voltage) MOSFET outputs
4D | 16 digital inputs with Auto-Burnishing
4L | 14 Form-A (no monitoring) Latching outputs
67 | 8 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs
6A | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6B | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6C | 8 Form-C outputs
6D | 16 digital inputs
6E | 4 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6F | 8 Fast Form-C outputs
6G | 4 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6H | 6 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6K | 4 Form-C and 4 Fast Form-C outputs
6L | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6M | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6N | 4 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6P | 6 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6R | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
6S | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
6T | 4 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 8 digital inputs
6U | 6 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 4 digital inputs
6V | 2 Form-A outputs, 1 Form-C output, 2 Form-A (no monitoring) latching outputs, 8 digital inputs
INTER-RELAY 2A C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode
COMMUNICATIONS 2B C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode
(select a maximum of 1 per unit) 2E Bi-phase, single channel
2F Bi-phase, dual channel
2G IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
2H IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
74 Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER
75 Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, Single-mode LASER
76 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
77 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
7A 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7B 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
7C 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 Channel
7D 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
7E Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode
7F Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode
7G Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode ELED
7H 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7I 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
7J 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Channels
7K 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 Channels
7L Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode, LED
7M Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED
7N Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED
7P Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER
7Q Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode LASER
7R G.703, 1 Channel
7S G.703, 2 Channels
7T RS422, 1 Channel
7V RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs
7W RS422, 2 Channels
2.1.4 REPLACEMENT MODULES
Replacement modules can be ordered separately as shown below. When ordering a replacement CPU module or face-
plate, please provide the serial number of your existing unit.
Not all replacement modules may be applicable to the L90 relay. Only the modules specified in the order codes are
available as replacement modules.
NOTE
Replacement module codes are subject to change without notice. Refer to the GE Multilin ordering page at http://
www.GEindustrial.com/multilin/order.htm for the latest details concerning L90 ordering options.
NOTE

The replacement module order codes for the horizontal mount units are shown below.
Table 2–7: ORDER CODES FOR REPLACEMENT MODULES, HORIZONTAL UNITS

UR - ** - *
POWER SUPPLY | 1H | 125 / 250 V AC/DC
(redundant supply only available in horizontal units; | 1L | 24 to 48 V (DC only)
must be same type as main supply) | RH | redundant 125 / 250 V AC/DC
| RH | redundant 24 to 48 V (DC only)
CPU | 9E | RS485 and RS485 (Modbus RTU, DNP 3.0)
| 9G | RS485 and 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9H | RS485 and Redundant 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9J | RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
|
|
|
|
9K
9L
9M
9N
|
|
|
|
RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
RS485 and 10/100Base-T (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
2
| 9P | RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9R | RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9S | RS485 and six-port managed Ethernet switch
FACEPLATE/DISPLAY | 3C | Horizontal faceplate with keypad and English display
| 3D | Horizontal faceplate with keypad and French display
| 3R | Horizontal faceplate with keypad and Russian display
| 3A | Horizontal faceplate with keypad and Chinese display
| 3P | Horizontal faceplate with keypad, user-programmable pushbuttons, and English display
| 3G | Horizontal faceplate with keypad, user-programmable pushbuttons, and French display
| 3S | Horizontal faceplate with keypad, user-programmable pushbuttons, and Russian display
| 3B | Horizontal faceplate with keypad, user-programmable pushbuttons, and Chinese display
| 3K | Enhanced front panel with English display
| 3M | Enhanced front panel with French display
| 3Q | Enhanced front panel with Russian display
| 3U | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display
| 3L | Enhanced front panel with English display and user-programmable pushbuttons
| 3N | Enhanced front panel with French display and user-programmable pushbuttons
| 3T | Enhanced front panel with Russian display and user-programmable pushbuttons
| 3V | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display and user-programmable pushbuttons
DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS | 4A | 4 Solid-State (no monitoring) MOSFET outputs
| 4B | 4 Solid-State (voltage with optional current) MOSFET outputs
| 4C | 4 Solid-State (current with optional voltage) MOSFET outputs
| 4D | 16 digital inputs with Auto-Burnishing
| 4L | 14 Form-A (no monitoring) Latching outputs
| 67 | 8 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs
| 6A | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6B | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6C | 8 Form-C outputs
| 6D | 16 digital inputs
| 6E | 4 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6F | 8 Fast Form-C outputs
| 6G | 4 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6H | 6 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6K | 4 Form-C and 4 Fast Form-C outputs
| 6L | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6M | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6N | 4 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6P | 6 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6R | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6S | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6T | 4 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6U | 6 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6V | 2 Form-A outputs, 1 Form-C output, 2 Form-A (no monitoring) latching outputs, 8 digital inputs
CT/VT | 8F | Standard 4CT/4VT
MODULES | 8G | Sensitive Ground 4CT/4VT
(NOT AVAILABLE FOR THE C30) | 8H | Standard 8CT
| 8J | Sensitive Ground 8CT
| 8L | Standard 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics
| 8M | Sensitive Ground 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics
| 8N | Standard 8CT with enhanced diagnostics
| 8R | Sensitive Ground 8CT with enhanced diagnostics
INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS | 2A | C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode
| 2B | C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode
| 2E | Bi-phase, single channel
| 2F | Bi-phase, dual channel
| 2G | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
| 2H | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
| 2S | Six-port managed Ethernet switch with high voltage power supply (110 to 250 V DC / 100 to 240 V AC)
| 2T | Six-port managed Ethernet switch with low voltage power supply (48 V DC)
| 72 | 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
| 74 | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER
| 75 | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, Single-mode LASER
| 76 | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
| 77 | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
| 7A | 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
| 7B | 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
| 7C | 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 Channel
| 7D | 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
| 7E | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode
| 7F | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode
| 7G | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode ELED
| 7H | 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
| 7I | 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
| 7J | 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Channels
| 7K | 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 Channels
| 7L | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode, LED
| 7M | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED
| 7N | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED
| 7P | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER
| 7Q | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode LASER
| 7R | G.703, 1 Channel
| 7S | G.703, 2 Channels
| 7T | RS422, 1 Channel
| 7V | RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs
| 7W | RS422, 2 Channels
TRANSDUCER | 5A | 4 dcmA inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5A module is allowed)
INPUTS/OUTPUTS | 5C | 8 RTD inputs
| 5D | 4 RTD inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5D module is allowed)
| 5E | 4 dcmA inputs, 4 RTD inputs
| 5F | 8 dcmA inputs

The replacement module order codes for the reduced-size vertical mount units are shown below.
Table 2–8: ORDER CODES FOR REPLACEMENT MODULES, VERTICAL UNITS

UR - ** - *
POWER SUPPLY | 1H | 125 / 250 V AC/DC
| 1L | 24 to 48 V (DC only)
CPU | 9E | RS485 and RS485 (Modbus RTU, DNP 3.0)
| 9G | RS485 and 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9H | RS485 and Redundant 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9J | RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9K | RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
| 9L | RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
2 |
|
|
|
9M
9N
9P
9R
|
|
|
|
RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
RS485 and 10/100Base-T (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP 3.0)
FACEPLATE/DISPLAY | 3F | Vertical faceplate with keypad and English display
| 3D | Vertical faceplate with keypad and French display
| 3R | Vertical faceplate with keypad and Russian display
| 3K | Vertical faceplate with keypad and Chinese display
| 3K | Enhanced front panel with English display
| 3M | Enhanced front panel with French display
| 3Q | Enhanced front panel with Russian display
| 3U | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display
| 3L | Enhanced front panel with English display and user-programmable pushbuttons
| 3N | Enhanced front panel with French display and user-programmable pushbuttons
| 3T | Enhanced front panel with Russian display and user-programmable pushbuttons
| 3V | Enhanced front panel with Chinese display and user-programmable pushbuttons
DIGITAL | 4A | 4 Solid-State (no monitoring) MOSFET outputs
INPUTS/OUTPUTS | 4B | 4 Solid-State (voltage with optional current) MOSFET outputs
| 4C | 4 Solid-State (current with optional voltage) MOSFET outputs
| 4D | 16 digital inputs with Auto-Burnishing
| 4L | 14 Form-A (no monitoring) Latching outputs
| 67 | 8 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs
| 6A | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6B | 2 Form-A (voltage with optional current) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6C | 8 Form-C outputs
| 6D | 16 digital inputs
| 6E | 4 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6F | 8 Fast Form-C outputs
| 6G | 4 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6H | 6 Form-A (voltage with optional current) outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6K | 4 Form-C and 4 Fast Form-C outputs
| 6L | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6M | 2 Form-A (current with optional voltage) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6N | 4 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6P | 6 Form-A (current with optional voltage) outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6R | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 2 Form-C outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6S | 2 Form-A (no monitoring) and 4 Form-C outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6T | 4 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 8 digital inputs
| 6U | 6 Form-A (no monitoring) outputs, 4 digital inputs
| 6V | 2 Form-A outputs, 1 Form-C output, 2 Form-A (no monitoring) latching outputs, 8 digital inputs
CT/VT | 8F | Standard 4CT/4VT
MODULES | 8G | Sensitive Ground 4CT/4VT
(NOT AVAILABLE FOR THE C30) | 8H | Standard 8CT
| 8J | Sensitive Ground 8CT
| 8L | Standard 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics
| 8M | Sensitive Ground 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics
| 8N | Standard 8CT with enhanced diagnostics
| 8R | Sensitive Ground 8CT with enhanced diagnostics
INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS | 2A | C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode
| 2B | C37.94SM, 1300nm single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode
| 2E | Bi-phase, single channel
| 2F | Bi-phase, dual channel
| 2G | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
| 2H | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
| 74 | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, LASER
| 75 | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1550 nm, Single-mode LASER
| 76 | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel
| 77 | IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels
| 7A | 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
| 7B | 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 Channel
| 7C | 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 Channel
| 7D | 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 1 Channel
| 7E | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode
| 7F | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode
| 7G | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode ELED
| 7H | 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
| 7I | 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Channels
| 7J | 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Channels
| 7K | 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 Channels
| 7L | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 820 nm, multi-mode, LED
| 7M | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED
| 7N | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED
| 7P | Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER
| 7Q | Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode LASER
| 7R | G.703, 1 Channel
| 7S | G.703, 2 Channels
| 7T | RS422, 1 Channel
| 7V | RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs
| 7W | RS422, 2 Channels
TRANSDUCER | 5A | 4 dcmA inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5A module is allowed)
INPUTS/OUTPUTS | 5C | 8 RTD inputs
| 5D | 4 RTD inputs, 4 dcmA outputs (only one 5D module is allowed)
| 5E | 4 dcmA inputs, 4 RTD inputs
| 5F | 8 dcmA inputs

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.2 PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING
2.2PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING 2.2.1 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS
Dedicated inter-relay communications may operate over 64 kbps digital channels or dedicated fiber optic channels. Avail-
able interfaces include:
• RS422 at 64 kbps
• G.703 at 64 kbps
• Dedicated fiber optics at 64 kbps. The fiber optic options include: 2
– 820 nm multi-mode fiber with an LED transmitter.
– 1300 nm multi-mode fiber with an LED transmitter.
– 1300 nm single-mode fiber with an ELED transmitter.
– 1300 nm single-mode fiber with a laser transmitter.
– 1550 nm single-mode fiber with a laser transmitter.
– IEEE C37.94 820 nm multi-mode fiber with an LED transmitter.
All fiber optic options use an ST connector. L90 models are available for use on two or three terminal lines. A two terminal
line application requires one bidirectional channel. However, in two terminal line applications, it is also possible to use an
L90 relay with two bidirectional channels. The second bidirectional channel will provide a redundant backup channel with
automatic switchover if the first channel fails.
The L90 current differential relay is designed to function in a peer-to-peer or master-to-master architecture. In the peer-to-
peer architecture, all relays in the system are identical and perform identical functions in the current differential scheme. In
order for every relay on the line to be a peer, each relay must be able to communicate with all of the other relays. If there is
a failure in communications among the relays, the relays will revert to a master-to-peer architecture on a three-terminal sys-
tem, with the master as the relay that has current phasors from all terminals. Using two different operational modes
increases the dependability of the current differential scheme on a three-terminal system by reducing reliance on communi-
cations.
The main difference between a master and a slave L90 is that only a master relay performs the actual current differential
calculation, and only a master relay communicates with the relays at all other terminals of the protected line.
At least one master L90 relay must have live communications to all other terminals in the current differential scheme; the
other L90 relays on that line may operate as slave relays. All master relays in the scheme will be equal, and each will per-
form all functions. Each L90 relay in the scheme will determine if it is a master by comparing the number of terminals on the
line to the number of active communication channels.
The slave terminals only communicate with the master; there is no slave-to-slave communications path. As a result, a slave
L90 relay cannot calculate the differential current. When a master L90 relay issues a local trip signal, it also sends a direct
transfer trip (DTT) signal to all of the other L90 relays on the protected line.
If a slave L90 relay issues a trip from one of its backup functions, it can send a transfer trip signal to its master and other
slave relays if such option is designated. Because a slave cannot communicate with all the relays in the differential
scheme, the master will then “broadcast” the direct transfer trip (DTT) signal to all other terminals.
The slave L90 Relay performs the following functions:
• Samples currents and voltages.
• Removes DC offset from the current via the mimic algorithm.
• Creates phaselets.
• Calculates sum of squares data.
• Transmits current data to all master L90 relays.
• Performs all local relaying functions.
• Receives current differential DTT and Direct Input signals from all other L90 relays.
• Transmits direct output signals to all communicating relays.
• Sends synchronization information of local clock to all other L90 clocks.

2.2 PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING 2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The master L90 relay performs the following functions:

• Performs all functions of a slave L90.
• Receives current phasor information from all relays.
• Performs the current differential algorithm.
• Sends a current differential DTT signal to all L90 relays on the protected line.
2 In the peer-to-peer mode, all L90 relays act as masters.
Tx Rx
CHn
CHn
Rx Tx
IED-1 IED-2
Tx Rx
CHn
CHn
Optional redundant channel
Rx Tx
Typical two-terminal application
Tx Rx
CHn
CHn
Rx Tx
IED-1 IED-2
Tx Rx
CHn
CHn
Rx Tx
Tx Rx Tx Rx
CHn CHn
IED-3
Typical three-terminal application 831009A5.CDR
Figure 2–2: COMMUNICATIONS PATHS
2.2.2 CHANNEL MONITOR
The L90 has logic to detect that the communications channel is deteriorating or has failed completely. This can provide an
alarm indication and disable the current differential protection. Note that a failure of the communications from the master to
a slave does not prevent the master from performing the current differential algorithm; failure of the communications from a
slave to the master will prevent the master from performing the correct current differential logic. Channel propagation delay
is being continuously measured and adjusted according to changes in the communications path. Every relay on the protec-
tion system can assigned an unique ID to prevent advertent loopbacks at multiplexed channels.

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.2 PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING
2.2.3 LOOPBACK TEST
This option allows the user to test the relay at one terminal of the line by looping the transmitter output to the receiver input;
at the same time, the signal sent to the remote will not change. A local loopback feature is included in the relay to simplify
single ended testing.
2.2.4 DIRECT TRANSFER TRIPPING

2
The L90 includes provision for sending and receiving a single-pole direct transfer trip (DTT) signal from current differential
protection between the L90 relays at the line terminals using the pilot communications channel. The user may also initiate
an additional eight pilot signals with an L90 communications channel to create trip, block, or signaling logic. A FlexLogic™
operand, an external contact closure, or a signal over the LAN communication channels can be assigned for that logic.

2.3 FUNCTIONALITY 2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
2.3FUNCTIONALITY 2.3.1 PROTECTION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
• Current differential protection: The current differential algorithms used in the L90 Line Current Differential System
are based on the Fourier transform phaselet approach and an adaptive statistical restraint. The L90 uses per-phase
differential at 64 kbps with two phaselets per cycle. A detailed description of the current differential algorithms is found
in chapter 8. The current differential protection can be set in a percentage differential scheme with a single or dual
slope.
2 • Backup protection: In addition to the primary current differential protection, the L90 Line Current Differential System
incorporates backup functions that operate on the local relay current only, such as directional phase overcurrent, direc-
tional neutral overcurrent, negative-sequence overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage, and distance protection.
• Multiple setting groups: The relay can store six groups of settings. They may be selected by user command, a con-
figurable contact input or a FlexLogic™ equation to allow the relay to respond to changing conditions.
• User-programmable logic: In addition to the built-in protection logic, the relay may be programmed by the user via
FlexLogic™ equations.
• Configurable inputs and outputs: All of the contact converter inputs (digital inputs) to the relay may be assigned by
the user to directly block a protection element, operate an output relay or serve as an input to FlexLogic™ equations.
All of the outputs, except for the self test critical alarm contacts, may also be assigned by the user.
2.3.2 METERING AND MONITORING FUNCTIONS
• Metering: The relay measures all input currents and calculates both phasors and symmetrical components. When AC
potential is applied to the relay via the optional voltage inputs, metering data includes phase and neutral current, phase
voltage, three phase and per phase W, VA, and var, and power factor. Frequency is measured on either current or volt-
age inputs. They may be called onto the local display or accessed via a computer. All terminal current phasors and dif-
ferential currents are also displayed at all relays, allowing the user opportunity to analyze correct polarization of
currents at all terminals.
• Event records: The relay has a sequence of events recorder which combines the recording of snapshot data and
oscillography data. Events consist of a broad range of change of state occurrences, including input contact changes,
measuring-element pickup and operation, FlexLogic™ equation changes, and self-test status. The relay stores up to
1024 events with the date and time stamped to the nearest microsecond. This provides the information needed to
determine a sequence of events, which can reduce troubleshooting time and simplify report generation after system
events.
• Oscillography: The relay stores oscillography data at a sampling rate of 64 times per cycle. The relay can store a
maximum of 64 records. Each oscillography file includes a sampled data report consisting of:
– Instantaneous sample of the selected currents and voltages (if AC potential is used),
– The status of each selected contact input.
– The status of each selected contact output.
– The status of each selected measuring function.
– The status of various selected logic signals, including virtual inputs and outputs.
The captured oscillography data files can be accessed via the remote communications ports on the relay.
• CT failure and current unbalance alarm: The relay has current unbalance alarm logic. The unbalance alarm may be
supervised by a zero-sequence voltage detector. The user may block the relay from tripping when the current unbal-
ance alarm operates.
• Trip circuit monitor: On those outputs designed for trip duty, a trip voltage monitor will continuously measure the DC
voltage across output contacts to determine if the associated trip circuit is intact. If the voltage dips below the minimum
voltage or the breaker fails to open or close after a trip command, an alarm can be activated.
• Self-test: The most comprehensive self testing of the relay is performed during a power-up. Because the system is not
performing any protection activities at power-up, tests that would be disruptive to protection processing may be per-
formed. The processors in the CPU and all CT/VT modules participate in startup self-testing. Self-testing checks
approximately 85 to 90% of the hardware, and CRC/check-sum verification of all PROMs is performed. The proces-

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.3 FUNCTIONALITY
sors communicate their results to each other so that if any failures are detected, they can be reported to the user. Each
processor must successfully complete its self tests before the relay begins protection activities.
During both startup and normal operation, the CPU polls all plug-in modules and checks that every one answers the
poll. The CPU compares the module types that identify themselves to the relay order code stored in memory and
declares an alarm if a module is either non-responding or the wrong type for the specific slot. When running under nor-
mal power system conditions, the relay processors will have idle time. During this time, each processor performs back-
ground self-tests that are not disruptive to the foreground processing.
2.3.3 OTHER FUNCTIONS

2
a) ALARMS
The relay contains a dedicated alarm relay, the critical failure alarm, housed in the power supply module. This output relay
is not user programmable. This relay has form-C contacts and is energized under normal operating conditions. The critical
failure alarm will become de-energized if the relay self test algorithms detect a failure that would prevent the relay from
properly protecting the transmission line.
b) LOCAL USER INTERFACE

The local user interface (on the faceplate) consists of a 2 × 20 liquid crystal display (LCD) and keypad. The keypad and dis-
play may be used to view data from the relay, to change settings in the relay, or to perform control actions. Also, the face-
plate provides LED indications of status and events.
c) TIME SYNCHRONIZATION
The relay includes a clock which can run freely from the internal oscillator or be synchronized from an external IRIG-B sig-
nal. With the external signal, all relays wired to the same synchronizing signal will be synchronized to within 0.1 millisecond.
d) FUNCTION DIAGRAMS
Disturbance
Detector
I Sample Raw Offset Compute

Value Removal Phaselets
67P&N
Charging Current Offset Compute 50P,N&G

Comp. Removal Phaselets
UR Platform 51P,N&G
Phasors Trip Output
dV Configurable
Computations
dt Logic
27P
V Sample Raw Compute
Filter
Value Phaselets
59P
21P&G
Sample
Hold
87L
PFLL Status Algorithm
Frequency
Deviation
Master Phase and Frequency
Clock Locked Loop (PFLL)
Phase
Deviation
PHASELETS TO REMOTE
Communications
Remote Relay
Interface PHASELETS FROM REMOTE
Direct Transfer Trip 831732A3.CDR
Figure 2–3: L90 BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.3 FUNCTIONALITY 2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Peer Peer
Channel
Communication Control
Time
Stamps
Ping-pong Estimate
Time Stamp
Clock Algorithm Phase Angle
2 Phase
Deviation
Uncertainties
Estimate Phase
Clock Angle Correction
Control Phase Deviation
from GPS signal
Sampling
Control Frequency
Deviation
Sample Compute
Currents and Frequency
Voltages Deviation
Raw
Sample
Remove Decaying Compute Positive
Offset and Sequence
Charging Current Currents
Phaselets Compute
Phaselets Phasors
Phaselets
Align Phaselets
Phaselets
Compute Phasors and
Variance Parameters
Fault
Detector Trip Output
Disturbance
Logic
Detector
831749A1.CDR
Figure 2–4: MAIN SOFTWARE MODULES

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.4 SPECIFICATIONS
2.4SPECIFICATIONS 2.4.1 PROTECTION ELEMENTS
The operating times below include the activation time of a trip rated form-A output contact unless otherwise indi-
cated. FlexLogic™ operands of a given element are 4 ms faster. This should be taken into account when using
NOTE FlexLogic™ to interconnect with other protection or control elements of the relay, building FlexLogic™ equations, or
interfacing with other IEDs or power system devices via communications or different output contacts.
PHASE DISTANCE GROUND DISTANCE
Characteristic: mho (memory polarized or offset) or Characteristic: Mho (memory polarized or offset) or 2
quad (memory polarized or non-direc- Quad (memory polarized or non-direc-
tional), selectable individually per zone tional)
Number of zones: 3 Reactance polarization: negative-sequence or zero-sequence
Directionality: forward, reverse, or non-directional current
Reach (secondary Ω): 0.02 to 500.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 Non-homogeneity angle: –40 to 40° in steps of 1
Reach accuracy: ±5% including the effect of CVT tran- Number of zones: 3
sients up to an SIR of 30 Directionality: forward, reverse, or non-directional
Distance: Reach (secondary Ω): 0.02 to 500.00 Ω in steps of 0.01
Characteristic angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1 Reach accuracy: ±5% including the effect of CVT tran-
Comparator limit angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1 sients up to an SIR of 30
Directional supervision: Distance characteristic angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
Characteristic angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1 Distance comparator limit angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
Limit angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1 Directional supervision:
Right blinder (Quad only): Characteristic angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
Reach: 0.02 to 500 Ω in steps of 0.01 Limit angle: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
Characteristic angle: 60 to 90° in steps of 1 Zero-sequence compensation
Left Blinder (Quad only): Z0/Z1 magnitude: 0.00 to 10.00 in steps of 0.01
Reach: 0.02 to 500 Ω in steps of 0.01 Z0/Z1 angle: –90 to 90° in steps of 1
Characteristic angle: 60 to 90° in steps of 1 Zero-sequence mutual compensation
Time delay: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001 Z0M/Z1 magnitude: 0.00 to 7.00 in steps of 0.01
Timing accuracy: ±3% or 4 ms, whichever is greater Z0M/Z1 angle: –90 to 90° in steps of 1
Current supervision: Right blinder (Quad only):
Level: line-to-line current Reach: 0.02 to 500 Ω in steps of 0.01
Pickup: 0.050 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001 Characteristic angle: 60 to 90° in steps of 1
Dropout: 97 to 98% Left blinder (Quad only):
Memory duration: 5 to 25 cycles in steps of 1 Reach: 0.02 to 500 Ω in steps of 0.01
VT location: all delta-wye and wye-delta transformers Characteristic angle: 60 to 90° in steps of 1
CT location: all delta-wye and wye-delta transformers Time delay: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
Voltage supervision pickup (series compensation applications): Timing accuracy: ±3% or 4 ms, whichever is greater
0 to 5.000 pu in steps of 0.001 Current supervision:
Operation time: 1 to 1.5 cycles (typical) Level: neutral current (3I_0)
Reset time: 1 power cycle (typical) Pickup: 0.050 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Dropout: 97 to 98%
Memory duration: 5 to 25 cycles in steps of 1
Voltage supervision pickup (series compensation applications):
0 to 5.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Operation time: 1 to 1.5 cycles (typical)
Reset time: 1 power cycle (typical)
LINE PICKUP
Phase instantaneous overcurrent: 0.000 to 30.000 pu
Undervoltage pickup: 0.000 to 3.000 pu
Overvoltage delay: 0.000 to 65.535 s

2.4 SPECIFICATIONS 2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL (87L) PHASE/NEUTRAL/GROUND IOC

Application: 2 or 3 terminal line, series compensated Pickup level: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
line, tapped line, with charging current Dropout level: 97 to 98% of pickup
compensation
Level accuracy:
Pickup current level: 0.20 to 4.00 pu in steps of 0.01
0.1 to 2.0 × CT rating: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated
CT Tap (CT mismatch factor): 0.20 to 5.00 in steps of 0.01 (whichever is greater)
Slope # 1: 1 to 50% > 2.0 × CT rating ±1.5% of reading
2 Slope # 2: 1 to 70%
Breakpoint between slopes: 0.0 to 20.0 pu in steps of 0.1
Overreach:
Pickup delay:
<2%
0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
Zero-sequence current differential (87LG): Reset delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
87LG pickup level: 0.05 to 1.00 pu in steps of 0.01 Operate time: <16 ms at 3 × pickup at 60 Hz
87LG slope: 1 to 50% (Phase/Ground IOC)
87LG pickup delay: 0.00 to 5.00 s in steps of 0.01 <20 ms at 3 × pickup at 60 Hz
DTT: Direct Transfer Trip (1 and 3 pole) to (Neutral IOC)
remote L90 Timing accuracy: Operate at 1.5 × pickup
±3% or ±4 ms (whichever is greater)
Operating Time: 1.0 to 1.5 power cycles duration
Asymmetrical channel delay compensation using GPS: NEGATIVE SEQUENCE TOC
asymmetry up to 10 ms Current: Phasor
LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL TRIP LOGIC Pickup level: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
87L trip: Adds security for trip decision; creates 1 Dropout level: 97% to 98% of pickup
and 3 pole trip logic Level accuracy: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated
DTT: Engaged Direct Transfer Trip (1 and 3 (whichever is greater)
pole) from remote L90 from 0.1 to 2.0 x CT rating
±1.5% of reading > 2.0 x CT rating
DD: Sensitive Disturbance Detector to detect
fault occurrence Curve shapes: IEEE Moderately/Very/Extremely
Stub bus protection: Security for ring bus and 1½ breaker Inverse; IEC (and BS) A/B/C and Short
Inverse; GE IAC Inverse, Short/Very/
configurations
Extremely Inverse; I2t; FlexCurves™
Open pole detector: Security for sequential and evolving
(programmable); Definite Time (0.01 s
faults base curve)
PHASE/NEUTRAL/GROUND TOC Curve multiplier (Time dial): 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Current: Phasor or RMS Reset type: Instantaneous/Timed (per IEEE) and Lin-
Pickup level: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001 ear
Dropout level: 97% to 98% of pickup Timing accuracy: Operate at > 1.03 × actual pickup
Level accuracy: ±3.5% of operate time or ±½ cycle
(whichever is greater)
for 0.1 to 2.0 × CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated
(whichever is greater) NEGATIVE SEQUENCE IOC
for > 2.0 × CT: ±1.5% of reading > 2.0 × CT rating Current: Phasor
Curve shapes: IEEE Moderately/Very/Extremely Pickup level: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Inverse; IEC (and BS) A/B/C and Short Dropout level: 97 to 98% of pickup
Inverse; GE IAC Inverse, Short/Very/
Level accuracy: 0.1 to 2.0 × CT rating: ±0.5% of reading
Extremely Inverse; I2t; FlexCurves™ or ±0.4% of rated (whichever is greater);
(programmable); Definite Time (0.01 s
> 2.0 × CT rating: ±1.5% of reading
base curve)
Overreach: < 2%
Curve multiplier: Time Dial = 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of
Pickup delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
0.01
Reset delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
Reset type: Instantaneous/Timed (per IEEE)
Operate time: < 20 ms at 3 × pickup at 60 Hz
Timing accuracy: Operate at > 1.03 × actual pickup
±3.5% of operate time or ±½ cycle Timing accuracy: Operate at 1.5 × pickup
(whichever is greater) ±3% or ±4 ms (whichever is greater)

PHASE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT WATTMETRIC ZERO-SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL

Relay connection: 90° (quadrature) Measured power: zero-sequence
Quadrature voltage: ABC phase seq.: phase A (VBC), phase Number of elements: 2
B (VCA), phase C (VAB); ACB phase Characteristic angle: 0 to 360° in steps of 1
seq.: phase A (VCB), phase B (VAC),
Minimum power: 0.001 to 1.200 pu in steps of 0.001
phase C (VBA)
Pickup level accuracy: ±1% or ±0.0025 pu, whichever is greater
Polarizing voltage threshold: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Hysteresis: 3% or 0.001 pu, whichever is greater
Current sensitivity threshold: 0.05 pu
Characteristic angle: 0 to 359° in steps of 1
Pickup delay: definite time (0 to 600.00 s in steps of
0.01), inverse time, or FlexCurve
2
Angle accuracy: ±2°
Inverse time multiplier: 0.01 to 2.00 s in steps of 0.01
Operation time (FlexLogic™ operands):
Time accuracy: ±3% or ±20 ms, whichever is greater
Tripping (reverse load, forward fault):<
12 ms, typically Operate time: <30 ms at 60 Hz
Blocking (forward load, reverse fault):< PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE
8 ms, typically Voltage: Phasor only
NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT Pickup level: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Directionality: Co-existing forward and reverse Dropout level: 102 to 103% of pickup
Polarizing: Voltage, Current, Dual Level accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Polarizing voltage: V_0 or VX Curve shapes: GE IAV Inverse;
Polarizing current: IG Definite Time (0.1s base curve)
Operating current: I_0 Curve multiplier: Time dial = 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of
0.01
Level sensing: 3 × (|I_0| – K × |I_1|), IG
Timing accuracy: Operate at < 0.90 × pickup
Restraint, K: 0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001
±3.5% of operate time or ±4 ms (which-
Characteristic angle: –90 to 90° in steps of 1
ever is greater)
Limit angle: 40 to 90° in steps of 1, independent for
forward and reverse AUXILIARY UNDERVOLTAGE
Pickup level: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Dropout level: 102 to 103% of pickup
Offset impedance: 0.00 to 250.00 Ω in steps of 0.01
Level accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Curve shapes: GE IAV Inverse, Definite Time
Dropout level: 97 to 98%
Curve multiplier: Time Dial = 0 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Operation time: < 16 ms at 3 × pickup at 60 Hz
Timing accuracy: ±3% of operate time or ±4 ms
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OC (whichever is greater)
Directionality: Co-existing forward and reverse
Polarizing: Voltage
PHASE OVERVOLTAGE
Voltage: Phasor only
Polarizing voltage: V_2
Operating current: I_2
Dropout level: 97 to 98% of pickup
Level sensing:
Level accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Zero-sequence:|I_0| – K × |I_1|
Negative-sequence:|I_2| – K × |I_1| Pickup delay: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01 s
Restraint, K: 0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001 Operate time: < 30 ms at 1.10 × pickup at 60 Hz
Characteristic angle: 0 to 90° in steps of 1 Timing accuracy: ±3% or ±4 ms (whichever is greater)
Limit angle: 40 to 90° in steps of 1, independent for NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE
forward and reverse Pickup level: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Angle accuracy: ±2° Dropout level: 97 to 98% of pickup
Offset impedance: 0.00 to 250.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 Level accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Pickup level: 0.015 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.01 Pickup delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 (definite
Dropout level: 97 to 98% time) or user-defined curve
Operation time: < 16 ms at 3 × pickup at 60 Hz Reset delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
Timing accuracy: ±3% or ±20 ms (whichever is greater)
Operate time: < 30 ms at 1.10 × pickup at 60 Hz

AUXILIARY OVERVOLTAGE PILOT-AIDED SCHEMES

Pickup level: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001 Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip (POTT)
Dropout level: 97 to 98% of pickup TRIP OUTPUT
Level accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V Collects trip and reclose input requests and issues outputs to con-
Pickup delay: 0 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 trol tripping and reclosing.
Reset delay: 0 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 Communications timer delay: 0 to 65535 s in steps of 0.001
Timing accuracy: ±3% of operate time or ±4 ms Evolving fault timer: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
2 Operate time:
< 30 ms at 1.10 × pickup at 60 Hz
Timing accuracy: ±3% or 4 ms, whichever is greater
POWER SWING DETECT
BREAKER FAILURE Functions: Power swing block, Out-of-step trip
Mode: 1-pole, 3-pole Characteristic: Mho or Quad
Current supervision: phase, neutral current Measured impedance: Positive-sequence
Current supv. pickup: 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001 Blocking / tripping modes: 2-step or 3-step
Current supv. dropout: 97 to 98% of pickup Tripping mode: Early or Delayed
Current supv. accuracy: Current supervision:
0.1 to 2.0 × CT rating: ±0.75% of reading or ±2% of rated Pickup level: 0.050 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
(whichever is greater) Dropout level: 97 to 98% of pickup
above 2 × CT rating: ±2.5% of reading Fwd / reverse reach (sec. Ω): 0.10 to 500.00 Ω in steps of 0.01
BREAKER ARCING CURRENT Left and right blinders (sec. Ω): 0.10 to 500.00 Ω in steps of 0.01
Principle: accumulates breaker duty (I2t) and mea- Impedance accuracy: ±5%
sures fault duration Fwd / reverse angle impedances: 40 to 90° in steps of 1
Initiation: programmable per phase from any Flex-
Logic™ operand
Characteristic limit angles: 40 to 140° in steps of 1
Compensation for auxiliary relays: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
Timers: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
Alarm threshold: 0 to 50000 kA2-cycle in steps of 1
Timing accuracy: ±3% or 4 ms, whichever is greater
Fault duration accuracy: 0.25 of a power cycle
Availability: 1 per CT bank with a minimum of 2 LOAD ENCROACHMENT
Responds to: Positive-sequence quantities
BREAKER FLASHOVER Minimum voltage: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Operating quantity: phase current, voltage and voltage differ-
Reach (sec. Ω): 0.02 to 250.00 Ω in steps of 0.01
ence
Impedance accuracy: ±5%
Pickup level voltage: 0 to 1.500 pu in steps of 0.001
Angle: 5 to 50° in steps of 1
Dropout level voltage: 97 to 98% of pickup
Pickup level current: 0 to 1.500 pu in steps of 0.001
Pickup delay: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
Dropout level current: 97 to 98% of pickup
Reset delay: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
Level accuracy: ±0.5% or ±0.1% of rated, whichever is
greater Time accuracy: ±3% or ±4 ms, whichever is greater
Pickup delay: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001 Operate time: < 30 ms at 60 Hz
Time accuracy: ±3% or ±42 ms, whichever is greater OPEN POLE DETECTOR
Operate time: <42 ms at 1.10 × pickup at 60 Hz Functionality: Detects an open pole condition, monitor-
ing breaker auxiliary contacts, the cur-
SYNCHROCHECK rent in each phase and optional voltages
Max voltage difference: 0 to 400000 V in steps of 1 on the line
Max angle difference: 0 to 100° in steps of 1 Current pickup level: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Max freq. difference: 0.00 to 2.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Line capacitive reactances (XC1, XC0): 300.0 to 9999.9 sec. Ω in
Hysteresis for max. freq. diff.: 0.00 to 0.10 Hz in steps of 0.01 steps of 0.1
Dead source function: None, LV1 & DV2, DV1 & LV2, DV1 or Remote current pickup level: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
DV2, DV1 xor DV2, DV1 & DV2
Current dropout level: pickup + 3%, not less than 0.05 pu
(L = Live, D = Dead)
TRIP BUS (TRIP WITHOUT FLEXLOGIC™)
AUTORECLOSURE Number of elements: 6
Two breakers applications
Number of inputs: 16
Single- and three-pole tripping schemes
Operate time: <2 ms at 60 Hz
Up to 4 reclose attempts before lockout
Time accuracy: ±3% or 10 ms, whichever is greater
Selectable reclosing mode and breaker sequence

2.4.2 USER-PROGRAMMABLE ELEMENTS
FLEXLOGIC™ USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDs

Programming language: Reverse Polish Notation with graphical Number: 48 plus trip and alarm
visualization (keypad programmable) Programmability: from any logical variable, contact, or vir-
Lines of code: 512 tual input
Internal variables: 64 Reset mode: self-reset or latched
Supported operations: NOT, XOR, OR (2 to 16 inputs), AND (2
to 16 inputs), NOR (2 to 16 inputs),
LED TEST 2
Initiation: from any digital input or user-program-
NAND (2 to 16 inputs), latch (reset-domi-
mable condition
nant), edge detectors, timers
Number of tests: 3, interruptible at any time
Inputs: any logical variable, contact, or virtual
Duration of full test: approximately 3 minutes
input
Test sequence 1: all LEDs on
Number of timers: 32
Test sequence 2: all LEDs off, one LED at a time on for 1 s
Pickup delay: 0 to 60000 (ms, sec., min.) in steps of 1
Test sequence 3: all LEDs on, one LED at a time off for 1 s
Dropout delay: 0 to 60000 (ms, sec., min.) in steps of 1
FLEXCURVES™ USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS
Number of displays: 16
Number: 4 (A through D)
Lines of display: 2 × 20 alphanumeric characters
Reset points: 40 (0 through 1 of pickup)
Parameters: up to 5, any Modbus register addresses
Operate points: 80 (1 through 20 of pickup)
Invoking and scrolling: keypad, or any user-programmable con-
Time delay: 0 to 65535 ms in steps of 1
dition, including pushbuttons
FLEX STATES
Number: up to 256 logical variables grouped
CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS
under 16 Modbus addresses Number of pushbuttons: 7
Programmability: any logical variable, contact, or virtual Operation: drive FlexLogic™ operands
input USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS (OPTIONAL)
FLEXELEMENTS™ Number of pushbuttons: 12 (standard faceplate);
Number of elements: 8 16 (enhanced faceplate)
Operating signal: any analog actual value, or two values in Mode: self-reset, latched
differential mode Display message: 2 lines of 20 characters each
Operating signal mode: signed or absolute value Drop-out timer: 0.00 to 60.00 s in steps of 0.05
Operating mode: level, delta Autoreset timer: 0.2 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1
Comparator direction: over, under Hold timer: 0.0 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1
Pickup Level: –90.000 to 90.000 pu in steps of 0.001 SELECTOR SWITCH
Hysteresis: 0.1 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1 Number of elements: 2
Delta dt: 20 ms to 60 days Upper position limit: 1 to 7 in steps of 1
Pickup & dropout delay: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001 Selecting mode: time-out or acknowledge
NON-VOLATILE LATCHES Time-out timer: 3.0 to 60.0 s in steps of 0.1
Type: set-dominant or reset-dominant Control inputs: step-up and 3-bit
Number: 16 (individually programmed) Power-up mode: restore from non-volatile memory or syn-
Output: stored in non-volatile memory chronize to a 3-bit control input or synch/
restore mode
Execution sequence: as input prior to protection, control, and
FlexLogic™ DIGITAL ELEMENTS
Number of elements: 48
Operating signal: any FlexLogic™ operand
Pickup delay: 0.000 to 999999.999 s in steps of 0.001
Dropout delay: 0.000 to 999999.999 s in steps of 0.001
Timing accuracy: ±3% or ±4 ms, whichever is greater

2.4.3 MONITORING
OSCILLOGRAPHY FAULT LOCATOR

Maximum records: 64 Method: multi-ended or single-ended during
Sampling rate: 64 samples per power cycle channel failure
Triggers: any element pickup, dropout, or operate; Voltage source: wye-connected VTs, delta-connected
digital input change of state; digital out- VTs and neutral voltage, delta-connected
2 put change of state; FlexLogic™ equa-

tion
VTs and zero-sequence current (approxi-
mation)
Data: AC input channels; element state; digital Maximum accuracy if: fault resistance is zero or fault currents
input state; digital output state from all line terminals are in phase
Data storage: in non-volatile memory Relay accuracy: ±1.5% (V > 10 V, I > 0.1 pu)
Worst-case accuracy:
EVENT RECORDER
Capacity: 1024 events VT%error + user data
Time-tag: to 1 microsecond CT%error + user data
Triggers: any element pickup, dropout, or operate; ZLine%error + user data

digital input change of state; digital out- METHOD%error + 0.5% (multi-ended method), see chapter
put change of state; self-test events 8 (single-ended method)
Data storage: in non-volatile memory RELAY ACCURACY%error + (1.5%)
DATA LOGGER PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT

Number of channels: 1 to 16 Output format: per IEEE C37.118 standard
Parameters: any available analog actual value Number of channels: 14 synchrophasors, 8 analogs, 16 digi-
Sampling rate: 15 to 3600000 ms in steps of 1 tals
Trigger: any FlexLogic™ operand TVE (total vector error) <1%
Mode: continuous or triggered Triggering: frequency, voltage, current, power, rate

of change of frequency, user-defined
Storage capacity: (NN is dependent on memory)
Reporting rate: 1, 2, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, or 60
1-second rate:
times per second
01 channel for NN days
Number of clients: One over TCP/IP port, two over UDP/IP
16 channels for NN days
ports
↓
AC ranges: As indicated in appropriate specifications
60-minute rate: sections
01 channel for NN days
Network reporting format: 16-bit integer or 32-bit IEEE floating
16 channels for NN days
point numbers
Network reporting style: rectangular (real and imaginary) or polar
(magnitude and angle) coordinates
Post-filtering: none, 3-point, 5-point, 7-point
Calibration: ±5°
2.4.4 METERING
RMS CURRENT: PHASE, NEUTRAL, AND GROUND APPARENT POWER (VA)

Accuracy at Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading
0.1 to 2.0 × CT rating: ±0.25% of reading or ±0.1% of rated
WATT-HOURS (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE)
> 2.0 × CT rating: ±1.0% of reading Accuracy: ±2.0% of reading
Range: ±0 to 1 × 106 MWh
RMS VOLTAGE Parameters: three-phase only
Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Update rate: 50 ms
REAL POWER (WATTS)
Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading at
VAR-HOURS (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE)
Accuracy: ±2.0% of reading
–0.8 < PF ≤ –1.0 and 0.8 < PF ≤ 1.0
Range: ±0 to 1 × 106 Mvarh
REACTIVE POWER (VARS) Parameters: three-phase only
Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading at –0.2 ≤ PF ≤ 0.2
Update rate: 50 ms

FREQUENCY DEMAND
Accuracy at Measurements: Phases A, B, and C present and maxi-
V = 0.8 to 1.2 pu: ±0.001 Hz (when voltage signal is used mum measured currents
for frequency measurement) 3-Phase Power (P, Q, and S) present
I = 0.1 to 0.25 pu: ±0.05 Hz and maximum measured currents
I > 0.25 pu: ±0.001 Hz (when current signal is used Accuracy: ±2.0%
for frequency measurement)
2.4.5 INPUTS 2
AC CURRENT CONTACT INPUTS WITH AUTO-BURNISHING
CT rated primary: 1 to 50000 A Dry contacts: 1000 Ω maximum
CT rated secondary: 1 A or 5 A by connection Wet contacts: 300 V DC maximum
Nominal frequency: 20 to 65 Hz Selectable thresholds: 17 V, 33 V, 84 V, 166 V
Relay burden: < 0.2 VA at rated secondary Tolerance: ±10%
Conversion range: Contacts per common return: 2
Standard CT: 0.02 to 46 × CT rating RMS symmetrical Recognition time: < 1 ms
Sensitive Ground CT module:
Debounce time: 0.0 to 16.0 ms in steps of 0.5
0.002 to 4.6 × CT rating RMS symmetrical
Continuous current draw:3 mA (when energized)
Current withstand: 20 ms at 250 times rated
Auto-burnish impulse current: 50 to 70 mA
1 sec. at 100 times rated
continuous at 3 times rated Duration of auto-burnish impulse: 25 to 50 ms
Short circuit rating: 150000 RMS symmetrical amperes, 250 DCMA INPUTS
V maximum (primary current to external Current input (mA DC): 0 to –1, 0 to +1, –1 to +1, 0 to 5, 0 to 10,
CT) 0 to 20, 4 to 20 (programmable)
AC VOLTAGE Input impedance: 379 Ω ±10%
VT rated secondary: 50.0 to 240.0 V Conversion range: –1 to + 20 mA DC
VT ratio: 1.00 to 24000.00 Accuracy: ±0.2% of full scale
Nominal frequency: 20 to 65 Hz; the nominal system fre- Type: Passive
quency should be chosen as 50 Hz or
60 Hz only.
RTD INPUTS
Types (3-wire): 100 Ω Platinum, 100 & 120 Ω Nickel, 10
Relay burden: < 0.25 VA at 120 V Ω Copper
Conversion range: 1 to 275 V Sensing current: 5 mA
Voltage withstand: continuous at 260 V to neutral Range: –50 to +250°C
1 min./hr at 420 V to neutral
Accuracy: ±2°C
CONTACT INPUTS Isolation: 36 V pk-pk
Dry contacts: 1000 Ω maximum
Wet contacts: 300 V DC maximum
IRIG-B INPUT
Amplitude modulation: 1 to 10 V pk-pk
Selectable thresholds: 17 V, 33 V, 84 V, 166 V
DC shift: TTL
Tolerance: ±10%
Input impedance: 22 kΩ
Contacts per common return: 4
Isolation: 2 kV
Recognition time: < 1 ms
Debounce time: 0.0 to 16.0 ms in steps of 0.5 REMOTE INPUTS (IEC 61850 GSSE/GOOSE)
Number of input points: 32, configured from 64 incoming bit pairs
Continuous current draw:3 mA (when energized)
Number of remote devices: 16
Default states on loss of comms.: On, Off, Latest/Off, Latest/On
Number of remote DPS inputs: 5

2.4.6 POWER SUPPLY
LOW RANGE ALL RANGES

Nominal DC voltage: 24 to 48 V Volt withstand: 2 × Highest Nominal Voltage for 10 ms
Minimum DC voltage: 20 V Power consumption: typical = 15 to 20 W/VA
Maximum DC voltage: 60 V maximum = 50 W/VA
Voltage loss hold-up: 20 ms duration at nominal contact factory for exact order code con-
2 NOTE: Low range is DC only.

INTERNAL FUSE
sumption
HIGH RANGE
RATINGS
Nominal DC voltage: 125 to 250 V
Low range power supply: 8 A / 250 V
Minimum DC voltage: 88 V High range power supply: 4 A / 250 V
Maximum DC voltage: 300 V INTERRUPTING CAPACITY
Nominal AC voltage: 100 to 240 V at 50/60 Hz AC: 100 000 A RMS symmetrical
Minimum AC voltage: 88 V at 25 to 100 Hz DC: 10 000 A
Maximum AC voltage: 265 V at 25 to 100 Hz
Voltage loss hold-up: 200 ms duration at nominal
2.4.7 OUTPUTS
FORM-A RELAY FORM-C AND CRITICAL FAILURE RELAY

Make and carry for 0.2 s: 30 A as per ANSI C37.90
Make and carry for 0.2 s: 30 A as per ANSI C37.90
Carry continuous: 6A Carry continuous: 8A
Break (DC inductive, L/R = 40 ms): Break (DC inductive, L/R = 40 ms):
VOLTAGE CURRENT
VOLTAGE CURRENT
24 V 1A
24 V 1A
48 V 0.5 A
48 V 0.5 A
125 V 0.3 A
125 V 0.3 A
250 V 0.2 A
250 V 0.2 A
Operate time: < 8 ms
Operate time: < 4 ms
Contact material: silver alloy
Contact material: silver alloy
LATCHING RELAY FAST FORM-C RELAY
Make and carry for 0.2 s: 30 A as per ANSI C37.90 Make and carry: 0.1 A max. (resistive load)
Carry continuous: 6A Minimum load impedance:
Break at L/R of 40 ms: 0.25 A DC max. INPUT IMPEDANCE

VOLTAGE
Operate time: < 4 ms 2 W RESISTOR 1 W RESISTOR
Contact material: silver alloy 250 V DC 20 KΩ 50 KΩ
Control: separate operate and reset inputs 120 V DC 5 KΩ 2 KΩ
Control mode: operate-dominant or reset-dominant 48 V DC 2 KΩ 2 KΩ
24 V DC 2 KΩ 2 KΩ
FORM-A VOLTAGE MONITOR
Applicable voltage: approx. 15 to 250 V DC Note: values for 24 V and 48 V are the same due to a
required 95% voltage drop across the load impedance.
Trickle current: approx. 1 to 2.5 mA
Operate time: < 0.6 ms
FORM-A CURRENT MONITOR Internal Limiting Resistor: 100 Ω, 2 W
Threshold current: approx. 80 to 100 mA

SOLID-STATE OUTPUT RELAY DCMA OUTPUTS

Operate and release time: <100 μs Range: –1 to 1 mA, 0 to 1 mA, 4 to 20 mA
Maximum voltage: 265 V DC Max. load resistance: 12 kΩ for –1 to 1 mA range
Maximum continuous current: 5 A at 45°C; 4 A at 65°C 12 kΩ for 0 to 1 mA range
600 Ω for 4 to 20 mA range
Make and carry:
for 0.2 s: 30 A as per ANSI C37.90 Accuracy: ±0.75% of full-scale for 0 to 1 mA range
for 0.03 s 300 A ±0.5% of full-scale for –1 to 1 mA range
Breaking capacity: ±0.75% of full-scale for 0 to 20 mA range
UL508 Utility Industrial

99% Settling time to a step change: 100 ms 2
application application Isolation: 1.5 kV
(autoreclose
scheme) Driving signal: any FlexAnalog quantity
Operations/ Upper and lower limit for the driving signal: –90 to 90 pu in steps of
5000 ops / 5 ops /
interval 1 s-On, 9 s-Off 0.2 s-On, 10000 ops / 0.001
0.2 s-Off 0.2 s-On,
1000 ops / within 1 30 s-Off ETHERNET SWITCH (HIGH VOLTAGE, TYPE 2S)
0.5 s-On, 0.5 s-Off minute Nominal DC voltage: 110 to 240 V DC
Break 3.2 A Minimum DC voltage: 88 V DC
capability L/R = 10 ms
(0 to 250 V Maximum DC voltage: 300 V DC
DC) 1.6 A 10 A 10 A
L/R = 20 ms L/R = 40 ms L/R = 40 ms Input Current: 0.9 A DC maximum
0.8 A Nominal AC voltage: 100 to 240 V AC, 0.26 to 0.16 A/26 to 39
L/R = 40 ms VA at 50/60 Hz
Minimum AC voltage: 85 V AC, 0.31 A/22 VA at 50/60 Hz
IRIG-B OUTPUT
Maximum AC voltage: 265 V AC, 0.16 A/42 VA at 50/60 Hz
Amplitude: 10 V peak-peak RS485 level
Internal fuse: 3 A / 350 V AC, Ceramic, Axial SLO
Maximum load: 100 ohms
BLO;
Time delay: 1 ms for AM input Manufacturer: Conquer; Part number:
40 μs for DC-shift input SCD-A 003
Isolation: 2 kV
ETHERNET SWITCH (LOW VOLTAGE, TYPE 2T)
CONTROL POWER EXTERNAL OUTPUT Nominal voltage: 48 V DC, 0.31 A/15 W
(FOR DRY CONTACT INPUT) Minimum voltage: 30 V DC, 0.43 A/16 W
Capacity: 100 mA DC at 48 V DC
Maximum voltage: 60 V DC
Isolation: ±300 Vpk
Internal fuse: 5 A / 350 V AC, Ceramic, Axial SLO
REMOTE OUTPUTS (IEC 61850 GSSE/GOOSE) BLO;
Standard output points: 32 Manufacturer: Conquer; Part number:
SCD-A 005
User output points: 32

RS232 ETHERNET SWITCH FIBER OPTIC PORTS

Front port: 19.2 kbps, Modbus® RTU Maximum fiber segment length calculation:
RS485 The maximum fiber segment length between two adjacent
® switches or between a switch and a device is calculated as fol-
1 or 2 rear ports: Up to 115 kbps, Modbus RTU, isolated
together at 36 Vpk lows. First, calculate the optical power budget (OPB) of each
2 Typical distance: 1200 m

device using the manufacturer’s data sheets.
OPB = P T ( MIN ) – P R ( MIN )
Isolation: 2 kV
where OPB = optical power budget, PT = transmitter output power,
ETHERNET (FIBER) and PR = receiver sensitivity.
PARAMETER FIBER TYPE The worst case optical power budget (OPBWORST) is then calcu-
10MB MULTI- 100MB MULTI- 100MB SINGLE- lated by taking the lower of the two calculated power budgets, sub-
MODE MODE MODE tracting 1 dB for LED aging, and then subtracting the total insertion
Wavelength 820 nm 1310 nm 1310 nm loss. The total insertion loss is calculated by multiplying the num-
ber of connectors in each single fiber path by 0.5 dB. For example,
Connector ST ST SC
with a single fiber cable between the two devices, there will be a
Transmit power –20 dBm –20 dBm –15 dBm
minimum of two connections in either transmit or receive fiber
Receiver sensitivity –30 dBm –30 dBm –30 dBm paths for a total insertion loss of 1db for either direction:
Power budget 10 dB 10 dB 15 dB Total insertion loss = number of connectors × 0.5 dB
Maximum input –7.6 dBm –14 dBm –7 dBm = 2 × 0.5 dB = 1.0 dB
power
The worst-case optical power budget between two type 2T or 2S
Typical distance 1.65 km 2 km 15 km
modules using a single fiber cable is:
Duplex full/half full/half full/half
OPB WORST = OPB – 1 dB (LED aging) – total insertion loss
Redundancy yes yes yes
10dB – 1dB – 1dB = 8dB
The UR-2S and UR-2T only support 100 Mb multimode To calculate the maximum fiber length, divide the worst-case opti-
ETHERNET (10/100 MB TWISTED PAIR) cal power budget by the cable attenuation per unit distance speci-
Modes: 10 MB, 10/100 MB (auto-detect) fied in the manufacturer data sheets. For example, typical
attenuation for 62.5/125 μm glass fiber optic cable is approxi-
Connector: RJ45
mately 2.8 dB per km. In our example, this would result in the fol-
SNTP clock synchronization error: <10 ms (typical) lowing maximum fiber length:
OPB WORST (in dB)
Maximum fiber length = ------------------------------------------------------
-
cable loss (in dB/km)
8 dB
= --------------------------- = 2.8km
2.8 dB/km
The customer must use the attenuation specified within the manu-
facturer data sheets for accurate calculation of the maximum fiber
length.
ETHERNET SWITCH 10/100BASE-T PORTS
Connector type: RJ45
MAXIMUM 10 MBPS ETHERNET SEGMENT LENGTHS
Unshielded twisted pair: 100 m (328 ft.)
Shielded twisted pair: 150 m (492 ft.)
MAXIMUM STANDARD FAST ETHERNET SEGMENT LENGTHS
10Base-T (CAT 3, 4, 5 UTP): 100 m (328 ft.)
100Base-TX (CAT 5 UTP):100 m (328 ft.)
Shielded twisted pair: 150 m (492 ft.)

2.4.9 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS
SHIELDED TWISTED-PAIR INTERFACE OPTIONS TYPICAL LINK DISTANCE

INTERFACE TYPE TYPICAL DISTANCE EMITTER TYPE CABLE CONNECTOR TYPICAL
TYPE TYPE DISTANCE
RS422 1200 m
820 nm LED, 62.5/125 μm ST 1.65 km
G.703 100 m multimode
RS422 distance is based on transmitter power 1300 nm LED,
multimode
62.5/125 μm ST 3.8 km 2
NOTE and does not take into consideration the clock
source provided by the user. 1300 nm ELED, 9/125 μm ST 11.4 km
single mode
LINK POWER BUDGET 1300 nm Laser, 9/125 μm ST 64 km
single mode
EMITTER, TRANSMIT RECEIVED POWER
FIBER TYPE POWER SENSITIVITY BUDGET 1550 nm Laser, 9/125 μm ST 105 km
single-mode
820 nm LED, –20 dBm –30 dBm 10 dB
Multimode
1300 nm LED, –21 dBm –30 dBm 9 dB Typical distances listed are based on the fol-
Multimode lowing assumptions for system loss. As
NOTE actual losses will vary from one installation to
1300 nm ELED, –23 dBm –32 dBm 9 dB
Singlemode another, the distance covered by your system
1300 nm Laser, –1 dBm –30 dBm 29 dB may vary.
Singlemode
CONNECTOR LOSSES (TOTAL OF BOTH ENDS)
1550 nm Laser, +5 dBm –30 dBm 35 dB
Singlemode ST connector 2 dB
FIBER LOSSES
These power budgets are calculated from the
820 nm multimode 3 dB/km
NOTE manufacturer’s worst-case transmitter power
1300 nm multimode 1 dB/km
and worst case receiver sensitivity.
1300 nm singlemode 0.35 dB/km
The power budgets for the 1300nm ELED are cal- 1550 nm singlemode 0.25 dB/km
NOTE culated from the manufacturer's transmitter Splice losses: One splice every 2 km,
power and receiver sensitivity at ambient temper- at 0.05 dB loss per splice.
ature. At extreme temperatures these values will
deviate based on component tolerance. On aver- SYSTEM MARGIN
age, the output power will decrease as the tem- 3 dB additional loss added to calculations to compensate for
all other losses.
perature is increased by a factor 1dB / 5°C.
MAXIMUM OPTICAL INPUT POWER Compensated difference in transmitting and receiving (channel
asymmetry) channel delays using GPS satellite clock: 10 ms
EMITTER, FIBER TYPE MAX. OPTICAL
INPUT POWER
820 nm LED, Multimode –7.6 dBm
1300 nm LED, Multimode –11 dBm
1300 nm ELED, Singlemode –14 dBm
1300 nm Laser, Singlemode –14 dBm
1550 nm Laser, Singlemode –14 dBm
2.4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL
AMBIENT TEMPERATURES OTHER

Storage temperature: –40 to 85°C Altitude: 2000 m (maximum)
Operating temperature: –40 to 60°C; the LCD contrast may be Pollution degree: II
impaired at temperatures less than – Overvoltage category: II
20°C
Ingress protection: IP40 front, IP20 back
HUMIDITY
Humidity: operating up to 95% (non-condensing) at
55°C (as per IEC60068-2-30 variant 1,
6days).

2.4.11 TYPE TESTS
TYPE TESTS
TEST REFERENCE STANDARD TEST LEVEL
Dielectric voltage withstand EN60255-5 2.3 kV
Impulse voltage withstand EN60255-5 5 kV
2 Damped oscillatory
Electrostatic discharge
IEC61000-4-18 / IEC60255-22-1
EN61000-4-2 / IEC60255-22-2
2.5 kV CM, 1 kV DM
Level 3
RF immunity EN61000-4-3 / IEC60255-22-3 Level 3
Fast transient disturbance EN61000-4-4 / IEC60255-22-4 Class A and B
Surge immunity EN61000-4-5 / IEC60255-22-5 Level 3 and 4
Conducted RF immunity EN61000-4-6 / IEC60255-22-6 Level 3
Power frequency immunity EN61000-4-7 / IEC60255-22-7 Class A and B
Voltage interruption and ripple DC IEC60255-11 12% ripple, 200 ms interrupts
Radiated and conducted emissions CISPR11 / CISPR22 / IEC60255-25 Class A
Sinusoidal vibration IEC60255-21-1 Class 1
Shock and bump IEC60255-21-2 Class 1
Seismic IEC60255-21-3 Class 1
Power magnetic immunity IEC61000-4-8 Level 5
Pulse magnetic immunity IEC61000-4-9 Level 4
Damped magnetic immunity IEC61000-4-10 Level 4
Voltage dip and interruption IEC61000-4-11 0, 40, 70, 80% dips; 250 / 300 cycle interrupts
Damped oscillatory IEC61000-4-12 2.5 kV CM, 1 kV DM
Conducted RF immunity, 0 to 150 kHz IEC61000-4-16 Level 4
Voltage ripple IEC61000-4-17 15% ripple
Ingress protection IEC60529 IP40 front, IP10 back
Cold IEC60068-2-1 –40°C for 16 hours
Hot IEC60068-2-2 85°C for 16 hours
Humidity IEC60068-2-30 6 day, variant 1
Damped oscillatory IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1 2.5 kV, 1 MHz
RF immunity IEEE/ANSIC37.90.2 20 V/m, 80 MHz to 1 GHz
Safety UL508 e83849 NKCR
Safety UL C22.2-14 e83849 NKCR7
Safety UL1053 e83849 NKCR
2.4.12 PRODUCTION TESTS
THERMAL
Products go through an environmental test based upon an
Accepted Quality Level (AQL) sampling process.

2.4.13 APPROVALS
APPROVALS
COMPLIANCE APPLICABLE ACCORDING TO
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
CE compliance Low voltage directive EN60255-5
EMC directive EN60255-26 / EN50263
EN61000-6-5 2
North America --- UL508
--- UL1053
--- C22.2 No. 14
2.4.14 MAINTENANCE
MOUNTING CLEANING
Attach mounting brackets using 20 inch-pounds (±2 inch-pounds) Normally, cleaning is not required; but for situations where dust
of torque. has accumulated on the faceplate display, a dry cloth can be used.
Units that are stored in a de-energized state should be
powered up once per year, for one hour continuously, to
NOTE avoid deterioration of electrolytic capacitors.


3 HARDWARE 3.1 DESCRIPTION
3 HARDWARE 3.1DESCRIPTION 3.1.1 PANEL CUTOUT
a) HORIZONTAL UNITS
The L90 Line Current Differential System is available as a 19-inch rack horizontal mount unit with a removable faceplate.
The faceplate can be specified as either standard or enhanced at the time of ordering. The enhanced faceplate contains
additional user-programmable pushbuttons and LED indicators.
The modular design allows the relay to be easily upgraded or repaired by a qualified service person. The faceplate is
hinged to allow easy access to the removable modules, and is itself removable to allow mounting on doors with limited rear
depth. There is also a removable dust cover that fits over the faceplate, which must be removed when attempting to access
the keypad or RS232 communications port.
The case dimensions are shown below, along with panel cutout details for panel mounting. When planning the location of
your panel cutout, ensure that provision is made for the faceplate to swing open without interference to or from adjacent
equipment.
3
The relay must be mounted such that the faceplate sits semi-flush with the panel or switchgear door, allowing the operator
access to the keypad and the RS232 communications port. The relay is secured to the panel with the use of four screws
supplied with the relay.
11.016”
[279,81 mm]
9.687”
[246,05 mm]
17.56”
[446,02 mm]
7.460”
[189,48 mm]
6.995” 6.960”
[177,67 mm] [176,78 mm]
19.040”
[483,62 mm]
842807A1.CDR
Figure 3–1: L90 HORIZONTAL DIMENSIONS (ENHANCED PANEL)

3.1 DESCRIPTION 3 HARDWARE
18.370”
[466,60 mm]
0.280”
[7,11 mm]
Typ. x 4
CUT-OUT
4.000”
[101,60 mm]
17.750”
[450,85 mm] 842808A1.CDR
3 Figure 3–2: L90 HORIZONTAL MOUNTING (ENHANCED PANEL)
Figure 3–3: L90 HORIZONTAL MOUNTING AND DIMENSIONS (STANDARD PANEL)
b) VERTICAL UNITS
The L90 Line Current Differential System is available as a reduced size (¾) vertical mount unit, with a removable faceplate.
The faceplate can be specified as either standard or enhanced at the time of ordering. The enhanced faceplate contains
additional user-programmable pushbuttons and LED indicators.
The modular design allows the relay to be easily upgraded or repaired by a qualified service person. The faceplate is
hinged to allow easy access to the removable modules, and is itself removable to allow mounting on doors with limited rear
depth. There is also a removable dust cover that fits over the faceplate, which must be removed when attempting to access
the keypad or RS232 communications port.
The case dimensions are shown below, along with panel cutout details for panel mounting. When planning the location of
your panel cutout, ensure that provision is made for the faceplate to swing open without interference to or from adjacent
equipment.

The relay must be mounted such that the faceplate sits semi-flush with the panel or switchgear door, allowing the operator
access to the keypad and the RS232 communications port. The relay is secured to the panel with the use of four screws
supplied with the relay.
7.482” 11.015”
1.329”
13.560”
3
15.000” 14.025”
4.000”
9.780”
843809A1.CDR
Figure 3–4: L90 VERTICAL DIMENSIONS (ENHANCED PANEL)

e UR SERIES
Figure 3–5: L90 VERTICAL MOUNTING AND DIMENSIONS (STANDARD PANEL)

For details on side mounting L90 devices with the enhanced front panel, refer to the following documents available online
from the GE Multilin website.
• GEK-113180: UR-series UR-V side-mounting front panel assembly instructions.
• GEK-113181: Connecting the side-mounted UR-V enhanced front panel to a vertical UR-series device.
• GEK-113182: Connecting the side-mounted UR-V enhanced front panel to a vertically-mounted horizontal UR-series
device.
For details on side mounting L90 devices with the standard front panel, refer to the figures below.

Figure 3–6: L90 VERTICAL SIDE MOUNTING INSTALLATION (STANDARD PANEL)

Figure 3–7: L90 VERTICAL SIDE MOUNTING REAR DIMENSIONS (STANDARD PANEL)
3.1.2 MODULE WITHDRAWAL AND INSERTION
Module withdrawal and insertion may only be performed when control power has been removed from the
unit. Inserting an incorrect module type into a slot may result in personal injury, damage to the unit or con-
WARNING
nected equipment, or undesired operation!
Proper electrostatic discharge protection (for example, a static strap) must be used when coming in con-
tact with modules while the relay is energized!
WARNING
The relay, being modular in design, allows for the withdrawal and insertion of modules. Modules must only be replaced with
like modules in their original factory configured slots.
The enhanced faceplate can be opened to the left, once the thumb screw has been removed, as shown below. This allows
for easy accessibility of the modules for withdrawal. The new wide-angle hinge assembly in the enhanced front panel opens
completely and allows easy access to all modules in the L90.

842812A1.CDR
Figure 3–8: UR MODULE WITHDRAWAL AND INSERTION (ENHANCED FACEPLATE)

3
The standard faceplate can be opened to the left, once the sliding latch on the right side has been pushed up, as shown
below. This allows for easy accessibility of the modules for withdrawal.
Figure 3–9: UR MODULE WITHDRAWAL AND INSERTION (STANDARD FACEPLATE)

To properly remove a module, the ejector/inserter clips, located at the top and bottom of each module, must be pulled
simultaneously. Before performing this action, control power must be removed from the relay. Record the original loca-
tion of the module to ensure that the same or replacement module is inserted into the correct slot. Modules with current
input provide automatic shorting of external CT circuits.
To properly insert a module, ensure that the correct module type is inserted into the correct slot position. The ejector/
inserter clips located at the top and at the bottom of each module must be in the disengaged position as the module is
smoothly inserted into the slot. Once the clips have cleared the raised edge of the chassis, engage the clips simultaneously.
When the clips have locked into position, the module will be fully inserted.
All CPU modules except the 9E are equipped with 10/100Base-T or 100Base-F Ethernet connectors. These con-
nectors must be individually disconnected from the module before it can be removed from the chassis.
NOTE

The 4.0x release of the L90 relay includes new hardware modules.The new CPU modules are specified with codes
9E and higher. The new CT/VT modules are specified with the codes 8F and higher.
NOTE
The new CT/VT modules can only be used with new CPUs; similarly, old CT/VT modules can only be used with old
CPUs. To prevent hardware mismatches, the new modules have blue labels and a warning sticker stating “Attn.:
Ensure CPU and DSP module label colors are the same!”. In the event that there is a mismatch between the
CPU and CT/VT module, the relay will not function and a DSP ERROR or HARDWARE MISMATCH error will be dis-
played.
All other input and output modules are compatible with the new hardware. Firmware versions 4.0x and higher are
only compatible with the new hardware modules. Previous versions of the firmware (3.4x and earlier) are only com-
patible with the older hardware modules.
3.1.3 REAR TERMINAL LAYOUT
3
L90 RATINGS: Model: L90D00HCHF8AH6AM6BP8BX7A
000
Line Differential Relay
Mods:
Control Power: 88-300V DC @ 35W / 77-265V AC @ 35VA Wiring Diagram: ZZZZZZ
Contact Inputs: 300V DC Max 10mA Inst. Manual: D
Contact Outputs: Standard Pilot Duty / 250V AC 7.5A Serial Number: MAZB98000029
360V A Resistive / 125V DC Break Firmware: D
GE Multilin 4A @ L/R = 40mS / 300W Mfg. Date: 1998/01/05
Technical Support:
Made in
Tel: (905) 294-6222 http://www.GEIndustrial.com/Multilin ®
®
Canada
Fax: (905) 201-2098 - M A A B 9 7 0 0 0 0 9 9 -
X W V U T S R P N M L K J H G F D B
c b a c b a c b a c b a c b a
b a b a
Tx1 1 1
1 1
2 2
Rx1 2 2
3 Tx1 3
3 3
Tx1
4 4
CH1
4 4
Rx1 5
Tx2 CH1 5
Tx 6
Rx 6
CH2
Rx2 IN 7
Tx2
7
8
CH2
Tx2 8
OUT
Rx2
Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional CT/VT CPU module Power
Ethernet direct contact contact CT/VT or contact module (Ethernet not supply
switch input/output input/ input/output contact input/output available when module
module output module input/output module ordered with
module module Ethernet switch)
831781A4.CDR
Figure 3–10: REAR TERMINAL VIEW

Do not touch any rear terminals while the relay is energized!
WARNING
The relay follows a convention with respect to terminal number assignments which are three characters long assigned in
order by module slot position, row number, and column letter. Two-slot wide modules take their slot designation from the
first slot position (nearest to CPU module) which is indicated by an arrow marker on the terminal block. See the following
figure for an example of rear terminal assignments.

Figure 3–11: EXAMPLE OF MODULES IN F AND H SLOTS

3.2 WIRING 3 HARDWARE
3.2WIRING 3.2.1 TYPICAL WIRING
TYPICAL CONFIGURATION
THE AC SIGNAL PATH IS CONFIGURABLE
TRIPPING DIRECTION
A B C (5 Amp)
52
OPTIONAL
3
F1a
F1b
F2a
F2b
F3a
F3b
F4a
F4b
F5a
F6a
F7a
F8a
F1c
F2c
F3c
F4c
F5c
F6c
F7c
F8c
VX
VB
VC
VA
VX
IG5
IG1
VB
VC
IG
VA
IA5
IA1
IB
IC
IA
IC5
IC1
IB5
IB1
CURRENT SUPERVISION
VOLTAGE AND
CURRENT INPUTS VOLTAGE INPUTS
8F
This diagram is based on the following order code: H5a CONTACT INPUT H5a DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS 6G I H1a TC 1
L90-E00-HCL-F8F-H6G-L6D-N6K-S6C-U6H-W7A H5c CONTACT INPUT H5c H1
V
H1b
This diagram provides an example of how the device H6a CONTACT INPUT H6a H1c
is wired, not specifically how to wire the device. Please H6c CONTACT INPUT H6c I H2a
refer to the Instruction Manual for additional details on H5b COMMON H5b H2 H2b
VOLTAGE SUPERVISION
V
wiring based on various configurations. H2c
H7a CONTACT INPUT H7a
I H3a
H7c CONTACT INPUT H7c
H3 H3b TC 2
H8a CONTACT INPUT H8a V
H3c
H8c CONTACT INPUT H8c
I H4a
H7b COMMON H7b
H4 H4b
V
H8b SURGE H4c
U7a CONTACT INPUT U7a DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS 6H I U1a
U7c CONTACT INPUT U7c U1 U1b
V
U8a CONTACT INPUT U8a U1c
U8c CONTACT INPUT U8c I U2a
U7b COMMON U7b U2 U2b
V
U2c
U8b SURGE
I U3a
U3 U3b
V
U3c
I U4a
U4 U4b
V
GE Consumer & Industrial U4c
Multilin I U5a
U5 U5b
V
U5c
L90 LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY U6
I U6a
U6b
V
U6c
N1a
( DC ONLY )
6K
N1 N1b
L1a CONTACT INPUT L1a
6D
N1c
L1c CONTACT INPUT L1c
N2a
L2a CONTACT INPUT L2a N2 N2b
N2c
L1b COMMON L1b
N3a
L3a CONTACT INPUT L3a N3 N3b
L3c CONTACT INPUT L3c N3c
L4a CONTACT INPUT L4a N4a
L4c CONTACT INPUT L4c UR COMPUTER
N4 N4b
L3b COMMON L3b 1 1 8
N4c
TXD 2 2 3 RXD
L5a CONTACT INPUT L5a N5a
N5 N5b RXD 3 3 2 TXD
N5c 4 4 20
SGND 5 5 7 SGND
DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS
L6c CONTACT INPUT L6c N6a

N6 N6b 6 6 6
L5b COMMON L5b
N6c 7 7 4
L7a CONTACT INPUT L7a 8 8 5
N7a
L7c CONTACT INPUT L7c 9 9 22
N7 N7b
L8c CONTACT INPUT L8c N7c
N8a 9 PIN 25 PIN
L7b COMMON L7b CONNECTOR CONNECTOR
N8 N8b
L8b SURGE
N8c
INTER-RELAY
FIBER
Tx1 Rx1
COMMS.
TO CHANNEL 1
W7A
REMOTE S1a
6C
L90 FIBER RS-232 S1 S1b

Tx2 Rx2 CHANNEL 2
DB-9 S1c PERSONAL
S2a COMPUTER
B1b (front) S2 S2b
1
CRITICAL
B1a FAILURE S2c
B2b
S3a
B3a 48 V DC S3 S3b
DC OUTPUT
B3b
POWER SUPPLY
S3c
B5b HI S4a
AC or DC CONTROL
B6b LO S4 S4b
POWER
B6a S4c
B8a SURGE S5a
B8b FILTER S5 S5b
S5c
S6a
S6 S6b
S6c
Shielded
S7a
twisted pairs
CONTACTS SHOWN S7 S7b
WITH NO
S7c
D1b CONTROL POWER
S8a
9E
RS485
D2b COM 1 S8 S8b
Ground at com
Remote
D3b S8c
Device D1a
RS485
D2a COM 2
D3a com
Co-axial *
D4b
D4a IRIG-B
Input
Co-axial BNC
IRIG-B
CPU
Co-axial BNC Output
Co-axial * - For IRIG-B Input No. 10AWG 831782A5.CDR

only use one minimum
terminal as input GROUND BUS
MODULE ARRANGEMENT
MODULES MUST BE X W V U T S R P N M L K J H G F D B
GROUNDED IF 7 6 6 6 6 6 8 9 1
TERMINAL IS
Inputs/ Inputs/ Inputs/ Inputs/
PROVIDED
COM outputs outputs outputs outputs Inputs/ CT/VT CPU Power
* * * * outputs supply
(Rear view)
* Optional
Figure 3–12: TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM

3 HARDWARE 3.2 WIRING
3.2.2 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH
The dielectric strength of the UR-series module hardware is shown in the following table:
Table 3–1: DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF UR-SERIES MODULE HARDWARE
MODULE MODULE FUNCTION TERMINALS DIELECTRIC STRENGTH
TYPE (AC)
FROM TO
1 Power supply High (+); Low (+); (–) Chassis 2000 V AC for 1 minute
1 Power supply 48 V DC (+) and (–) Chassis 2000 V AC for 1 minute
1 Power supply Relay terminals Chassis 2000 V AC for 1 minute
2 Reserved N/A N/A N/A
3 Reserved N/A N/A N/A
4
5
Reserved
Analog inputs/outputs
N/A
All except 8b
N/A
Chassis
N/A
< 50 V DC
3
6 Digital inputs/outputs All Chassis 2000 V AC for 1 minute
G.703 All except 2b, 3a, 7b, 8a Chassis 2000 V AC for 1 minute
7
RS422 All except 6a, 7b, 8a Chassis < 50 V DC
8 CT/VT All Chassis 2000 V AC for 1 minute
9 CPU All Chassis 2000 V AC for 1 minute
Filter networks and transient protection clamps are used in the hardware to prevent damage caused by high peak voltage
transients, radio frequency interference (RFI), and electromagnetic interference (EMI). These protective components can
be damaged by application of the ANSI/IEEE C37.90 specified test voltage for a period longer than the specified one min-
ute.
3.2.3 CONTROL POWER
CONTROL POWER SUPPLIED TO THE RELAY MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE MATCHING POWER SUPPLY
RANGE OF THE RELAY. IF THE VOLTAGE IS APPLIED TO THE WRONG TERMINALS, DAMAGE MAY
CAUTION
OCCUR!
The L90 relay, like almost all electronic relays, contains electrolytic capacitors. These capacitors are well
known to be subject to deterioration over time if voltage is not applied periodically. Deterioration can be
NOTE
avoided by powering the relays up once a year.
The power supply module can be ordered for two possible voltage ranges, with or without a redundant power option. Each
range has a dedicated input connection for proper operation. The ranges are as shown below (see the Technical specifica-
tions section of chapter 2 for additional details):
• Low (LO) range: 24 to 48 V (DC only) nominal.
• High (HI) range: 125 to 250 V nominal.
The power supply module provides power to the relay and supplies power for dry contact input connections.
The power supply module provides 48 V DC power for dry contact input connections and a critical failure relay (see the
Typical wiring diagram earlier). The critical failure relay is a form-C device that will be energized once control power is
applied and the relay has successfully booted up with no critical self-test failures. If on-going self-test diagnostic checks
detect a critical failure (see the Self-test errors section in chapter 7) or control power is lost, the relay will de-energize.
For high reliability systems, the L90 has a redundant option in which two L90 power supplies are placed in parallel on the
bus. If one of the power supplies become faulted, the second power supply will assume the full load of the relay without any
interruptions. Each power supply has a green LED on the front of the module to indicate it is functional. The critical fail relay
of the module will also indicate a faulted power supply.

An LED on the front of the control power module shows the status of the power supply:
LED INDICATION POWER SUPPLY
CONTINUOUS ON OK
ON / OFF CYCLING Failure
OFF Failure
NOTE:
AC or DC 14 gauge stranded AC or DC
wire with suitable
disconnect devices
is recommended.
Heavy copper conductor
or braided wire
3
B8b B8a B6a B6b B5b
GND
+ +
+ —
– LOW HIGH
FILTER SURGE
CONTROL OPTIONAL
POWER ETHERNET SWITCH
Switchgear UR-series
ground bus protection system
827759AA.CDR
Figure 3–13: CONTROL POWER CONNECTION
3.2.4 CT/VT MODULES
A CT/VT module may have voltage inputs on channels 1 through 4 inclusive, or channels 5 through 8 inclusive. Channels 1
and 5 are intended for connection to phase A, and are labeled as such in the relay. Likewise, channels 2 and 6 are intended
for connection to phase B, and channels 3 and 7 are intended for connection to phase C.
Channels 4 and 8 are intended for connection to a single-phase source. For voltage inputs, these channel are labelled as
auxiliary voltage (VX). For current inputs, these channels are intended for connection to a CT between system neutral and
ground, and are labelled as ground current (IG).
Verify that the connection made to the relay nominal current of 1 A or 5 A matches the secondary rating of
the connected CTs. Unmatched CTs may result in equipment damage or inadequate protection.
CAUTION
CT/VT modules may be ordered with a standard ground current input that is the same as the phase current input. Each AC
current input has an isolating transformer and an automatic shorting mechanism that shorts the input when the module is
withdrawn from the chassis. There are no internal ground connections on the current inputs. Current transformers with 1 to
50000 A primaries and 1 A or 5 A secondaries may be used.
The above modules are available with enhanced diagnostics. These modules can automatically detect CT/VT hardware
failure and take the relay out of service.
CT connections for both ABC and ACB phase rotations are identical as shown in the Typical wiring diagram.
The exact placement of a zero-sequence core balance CT to detect ground fault current is shown below. Twisted-pair
cabling on the zero-sequence CT is recommended.

UNSHIELDED CABLE SHIELDED CABLE

Ground connection to neutral
must be on the source side Stress cone
Source Source shields
A B C N G A B C
Ground
outside CT
3
To ground;
LOAD must be on
load side
LOAD 996630A5
Figure 3–14: ZERO-SEQUENCE CORE BALANCE CT INSTALLATION

The phase voltage channels are used for most metering and protection purposes. The auxiliary voltage channel is used as
input for the synchrocheck and volts-per-hertz features.
Substitute the tilde “~” symbol with the slot position of the module in the following figure.
NOTE
~ 1a
~ 1b
~ 2a
~ 2b
~ 3a
~ 3b
~ 4a
~ 4b
~ 5a
~ 6a
~ 7a
~ 8a
~ 1c
~ 2c
~ 3c
~ 4c
~ 5c
~ 6c
~ 7c
~ 8c
VC
VB
VA
VX
IG
IG1
IA
IC
IA1
IC1
IB
IB1
IG5
VC
VB
VA
IA5
VX
IC5
IB5
Current inputs Voltage inputs

8F, 8G, 8L, and 8M modules (4 CTs and 4 VTs)
~ 1a
~ 1b
~ 2a
~ 2b
~ 3a
~ 3b
~ 4a
~ 4b
~ 5a
~ 5b
~ 6a
~ 6b
~ 7a
~ 7b
~ 8a
~ 8b
~ 1c
~ 2c
~ 3c
~ 4c
~ 5c
~ 6c
~ 7c
~ 8c
IG
IG
IG1
IG1
IA
IC
IA
IC
IA1
IA1
IC1
IB
IC1
IB
IB1
IB1
IG5
IG5
IA5
IC5
IA5
IC5
IB5
IB5
Current inputs
8H, 8J, 8N, and 8R modules (8 CTs)
842766A3.CDR
Figure 3–15: CT/VT MODULE WIRING

3.2.5 PROCESS BUS MODULES
The L90 can be ordered with a process bus interface module. This module is designed to interface with the GE Multilin
HardFiber system, allowing bi-directional IEC 61850 fiber optic communications with up to eight HardFiber merging units,
known as Bricks. The HardFiber system has been designed to integrate seamlessly with the existing UR-series applica-
tions, including protection functions, FlexLogic™, metering, and communications.
The IEC 61850 process bus system offers the following benefits.
• Drastically reduces labor associated with design, installation, and testing of protection and control applications using
the L90 by reducing the number of individual copper terminations.
• Integrates seamlessly with existing L90 applications, since the IEC 61850 process bus interface module replaces the
traditional CT/VT modules.
3 • Communicates using open standard IEC 61850 messaging.

For additional details on the HardFiber system, refer to GE publication GEK-113500: HardFiber System Instruction Manual.
3.2.6 CONTACT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Every contact input/output module has 24 terminal connections. They are arranged as three terminals per row, with eight
rows in total. A given row of three terminals may be used for the outputs of one relay. For example, for form-C relay outputs,
the terminals connect to the normally open (NO), normally closed (NC), and common contacts of the relay. For a form-A
output, there are options of using current or voltage detection for feature supervision, depending on the module ordered.
The terminal configuration for contact inputs is different for the two applications.
The contact inputs are grouped with a common return. The L90 has two versions of grouping: four inputs per common
return and two inputs per common return. When a contact input/output module is ordered, four inputs per common is used.
The four inputs per common allows for high-density inputs in combination with outputs, with a compromise of four inputs
sharing one common. If the inputs must be isolated per row, then two inputs per common return should be selected (4D
module).
The tables and diagrams on the following pages illustrate the module types (6A, etc.) and contact arrangements that may
be ordered for the relay. Since an entire row is used for a single contact output, the name is assigned using the module slot
position and row number. However, since there are two contact inputs per row, these names are assigned by module slot
position, row number, and column position.
Some form-A / solid-state relay outputs include circuits to monitor the DC voltage across the output contact when it is open,
and the DC current through the output contact when it is closed. Each of the monitors contains a level detector whose out-
put is set to logic “On = 1” when the current in the circuit is above the threshold setting. The voltage monitor is set to “On =
1” when the current is above about 1 to 2.5 mA, and the current monitor is set to “On = 1” when the current exceeds about
80 to 100 mA. The voltage monitor is intended to check the health of the overall trip circuit, and the current monitor can be
used to seal-in the output contact until an external contact has interrupted current flow.
Block diagrams are shown below for form-A and solid-state relay outputs with optional voltage monitor, optional current
monitor, and with no monitoring. The actual values shown for contact output 1 are the same for all contact outputs.

If Idc 80mA, Cont Op 1 = “IOn”

~#a ~#a otherwise Cont Op 1 = “IOff”
I I If Idc 1mA, Cont Op 1 = “VOn”

otherwise Cont Op 1 = “VOff”
If Idc 1mA, Cont Op 1 = “VOn”
~#b ~#b Load
V Load V
~#c + ~#c +
a) Voltage with optional
Voltage monitoring only Both voltage and current monitoring
current monitoring

~#a ~#a otherwise Cont Op 1 = “IOff”
V V If Idc 1mA, Cont Op 1 = “VOn”
I ~#b
otherwise Cont Op 1 = “IOff”
Load
I ~#b Load
3
~#c + ~#c +
b) Current with optional
Current monitoring only Both voltage and current monitoring
voltage monitoring
(external jumper a-b is required)
~#a
~#b
Load
~#c +
c) No monitoring 827862A3.CDR
Figure 3–16: FORM-A AND SOLID-STATE CONTACT OUTPUTS WITH VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MONITORING
The operation of voltage and current monitors is reflected with the corresponding FlexLogic™ operands (CONT OP # VON,
CONT OP # VOFF, and CONT OP # ION) which can be used in protection, control, and alarm logic. The typical application of
the voltage monitor is breaker trip circuit integrity monitoring; a typical application of the current monitor is seal-in of the
control command.
Refer to the Digital elements section of chapter 5 for an example of how form-A and solid-state relay contacts can be
applied for breaker trip circuit integrity monitoring.
Relay contacts must be considered unsafe to touch when the unit is energized! If the relay contacts need to
be used for low voltage accessible applications, it is the customer’s responsibility to ensure proper insula-
WARNING
tion levels!
USE OF FORM-A AND SOLID-STATE RELAY OUTPUTS IN HIGH IMPEDANCE CIRCUITS
NOTE For form-A and solid-state relay output contacts internally equipped with a voltage measuring cIrcuit across the
contact, the circuit has an impedance that can cause a problem when used in conjunction with external high input
impedance monitoring equipment such as modern relay test set trigger circuits. These monitoring circuits may con-
tinue to read the form-A contact as being closed after it has closed and subsequently opened, when measured as
an impedance.
The solution to this problem is to use the voltage measuring trigger input of the relay test set, and connect the form-
A contact through a voltage-dropping resistor to a DC voltage source. If the 48 V DC output of the power supply is
used as a source, a 500 Ω, 10 W resistor is appropriate. In this configuration, the voltage across either the form-A
contact or the resistor can be used to monitor the state of the output.
Wherever a tilde “~” symbol appears, substitute with the slot position of the module; wherever a number
sign “#” appears, substitute the contact number
NOTE
When current monitoring is used to seal-in the form-A and solid-state relay contact outputs, the Flex-
Logic™ operand driving the contact output should be given a reset delay of 10 ms to prevent damage of
NOTE
the output contact (in situations when the element initiating the contact output is bouncing, at values in the
region of the pickup value).

Table 3–2: CONTACT INPUT AND OUTPUT MODULE ASSIGNMENTS

~6A MODULE ~6B MODULE ~6C MODULE ~6D MODULE
TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT TERMINAL OUTPUT
ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT
~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A ~1 Form-C ~1a, ~1c 2 Inputs
~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A ~2 Form-C ~2a, ~2c 2 Inputs
~3 Form-C ~3 Form-C ~3 Form-C ~3a, ~3c 2 Inputs
~4 Form-C ~4 Form-C ~4 Form-C ~4a, ~4c 2 Inputs
~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs ~5 Form-C ~5 Form-C ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs
~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs ~6 Form-C ~6 Form-C ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs
~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7 Form-C ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs
3 ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8 Form-C ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs
~6E MODULE ~6F MODULE ~6G MODULE ~6H MODULE

TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR
ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT
~1 Form-C ~1 Fast Form-C ~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A
~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs ~5 Fast Form-C ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs ~5 Form-A
~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs ~6 Fast Form-C ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs ~6 Form-A
~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7 Fast Form-C ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs
~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8 Fast Form-C ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs
~6K MODULE ~6L MODULE ~6M MODULE ~6N MODULE

TERMINAL OUTPUT TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR
ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT
~1 Form-C ~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A
~2 Form-C ~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A
~3 Form-C ~3 Form-C ~3 Form-C ~3 Form-A
~4 Form-C ~4 Form-C ~4 Form-C ~4 Form-A
~5 Fast Form-C ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs ~5 Form-C ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs
~6 Fast Form-C ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs ~6 Form-C ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs
~7 Fast Form-C ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs
~8 Fast Form-C ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs
~6P MODULE ~6R MODULE ~6S MODULE ~6T MODULE

TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR
ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT
~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A
~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A
~3 Form-A ~3 Form-C ~3 Form-C ~3 Form-A
~4 Form-A ~4 Form-C ~4 Form-C ~4 Form-A
~5 Form-A ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs ~5 Form-C ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs
~6 Form-A ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs ~6 Form-C ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs
~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs
~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs

~6U MODULE ~6V MODULE ~67 MODULE ~4A MODULE

TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT OR TERMINAL OUTPUT TERMINAL OUTPUT
ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT INPUT ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT
~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A ~1 Form-A ~1 Not Used
~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A ~2 Form-A ~2 Solid-State
~3 Form-A ~3 Form-C ~3 Form-A ~3 Not Used
~4 Form-A ~4 2 Outputs ~4 Form-A ~4 Solid-State
~5 Form-A ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs ~5 Form-A ~5 Not Used
~6 Form-A ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs ~6 Form-A ~6 Solid-State
~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7 Form-A ~7 Not Used
~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8 Form-A ~8 Solid-State
3
~4B MODULE ~4C MODULE ~4D MODULE ~4L MODULE
TERMINAL OUTPUT TERMINAL OUTPUT TERMINAL OUTPUT TERMINAL OUTPUT
ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT
~1 Not Used ~1 Not Used ~1a, ~1c 2 Inputs ~1 2 Outputs
~2 Solid-State ~2 Solid-State ~2a, ~2c 2 Inputs ~2 2 Outputs
~8 Solid-State ~8 Solid-State ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8 Not Used

842762A2.CDR
Figure 3–17: CONTACT INPUT AND OUTPUT MODULE WIRING (1 of 2)

~ 1a ~ 5a CONTACT IN ~ 5a DIGITAL I/O 6L V ~ 1a ~ 7a CONTACT IN ~ 7a DIGITAL I/O 6M V ~ 1a
6K
I I
~ 1b ~1 ~ 5c CONTACT IN ~ 5c ~1 ~ 1b ~ 7c CONTACT IN ~ 7c ~1 ~ 1b
~ 1c ~ 6a CONTACT IN ~ 6a ~ 1c ~ 8a CONTACT IN ~ 8a ~ 1c
~ 2a ~ 6c CONTACT IN ~ 6c V ~ 2a ~ 8c CONTACT IN ~ 8c V ~ 2a
I I
~ 2b ~2 ~ 5b COMMON ~ 5b ~2 ~ 2b ~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b ~2 ~ 2b
~ 2c ~ 2c ~ 2c
~ 7a CONTACT IN ~ 7a ~ 8b SURGE
~ 3a ~ 3a ~ 3a
~ 7c CONTACT IN ~ 7c
~ 3b ~3 ~3 ~ 3b ~3 ~ 3b
~ 8a CONTACT IN ~ 8a
~ 3c ~ 3c ~ 3c
~ 4a ~ 4a ~ 4a
~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b
~ 4b ~4 ~4 ~ 4b ~4 ~ 4b
~ 4c ~ 8b SURGE ~ 4c ~ 4c
~ 5a ~ 5a
~ 5b ~5 ~5 ~ 5b
~ 5c ~ 5c
~ 6a ~ 6a
~ 6b ~6 ~6 ~ 6b
~ 6c ~ 6c
~ 7a
3
DIGITAL I/O
~ 7b ~7
~ 7c
~ 8a
~ 8b ~8
~ 8c
~ 5a CONTACT IN ~ 5a DIGITAL I/O 6N V ~ 1a ~ 7a CONTACT IN ~ 7a DIGITAL I/O 6P V ~ 1a

I I
~ 5c CONTACT IN ~ 5c ~1 ~ 1b ~ 7c CONTACT IN ~ 7c ~1 ~ 1b
~ 6a CONTACT IN ~ 6a ~ 1c ~ 8a CONTACT IN ~ 8a ~ 1c
~ 6c CONTACT IN ~ 6c V ~ 2a ~ 8c CONTACT IN ~ 8c V ~ 2a
I I
~ 5b COMMON ~ 5b ~2 ~ 2b ~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b ~2 ~ 2b
~ 2c ~ 2c
~ 7a CONTACT IN ~ 7a ~ 8b SURGE
V ~ 3a V ~ 3a
~ 7c CONTACT IN ~ 7c I I
~3 ~ 3b ~3 ~ 3b
~ 3c ~ 3c
V ~ 4a V ~ 4a
~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b I I
~4 ~ 4b ~4 ~ 4b
~ 8b SURGE ~ 4c ~ 4c
V ~ 5a
I
~5 ~ 5b
~ 5c
V ~ 6a
I
~6 ~ 6b
~ 5a CONTACT IN ~ 5a DIGITAL I/O 6R ~ 1a
~ 6c
~ 5c CONTACT IN ~ 5c ~1 ~ 1b
~ 6a CONTACT IN ~ 6a ~ 1c
~ 6c CONTACT IN ~ 6c ~ 2a
~ 5b COMMON ~ 5b ~2 ~ 2b
~ 2c ~ 7a CONTACT IN ~ 7a DIGITAL I/O 6S ~ 1a
~ 3a ~ 7c CONTACT IN ~ 7c ~1 ~ 1b
~3 ~ 3b ~ 8a CONTACT IN ~ 8a ~ 1c
~ 3c ~ 8c CONTACT IN ~ 8c ~ 2a
~ 4a ~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b ~2 ~ 2b
~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b
~4 ~ 4b ~ 2c
~ 8b SURGE ~ 4c ~ 8b SURGE
~ 3a
~3 ~ 3b
~ 3c
~ 4a
~4 ~ 4b
~ 5a CONTACT IN ~ 5a DIGITAL I/O 6T ~ 1a ~ 4c
~ 5c CONTACT IN ~ 5c ~1 ~ 1b ~ 5a
~ 6a CONTACT IN ~ 6a ~ 1c ~5 ~ 5b
~ 6c CONTACT IN ~ 6c ~ 2a ~ 5c
~ 5b COMMON ~ 5b ~2 ~ 2b ~ 6a
~ 2c ~6 ~ 6b
~ 3a
~3 ~ 3b
~ 3c
~ 4a
~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b
~4 ~ 4b
~ 7a CONTACT IN ~ 7a DIGITAL I/O 6U ~ 1a
~ 8b SURGE ~ 4c
~ 7c CONTACT IN ~ 7c ~1 ~ 1b
~ 8c CONTACT IN ~ 8c ~ 2a
~ 7b COMMON ~ 7b ~2 ~ 2b
~ 2c
~ 8b SURGE
~ 3a
~3 ~ 3b
~ 3c
~ 4a
~4 ~ 4b
~ 4c
~ 5a
~5 ~ 5b
~ 5c
~ 6a
~6 ~ 6b
~ 6c
842763A2.CDR
Figure 3–18: CONTACT INPUT AND OUTPUT MODULE WIRING (2 of 2)

CORRECT POLARITY MUST BE OBSERVED FOR ALL CONTACT INPUT AND SOLID STATE OUTPUT CON-
NECTIONS FOR PROPER FUNCTIONALITY.
CAUTION

CONTACT INPUTS:
A dry contact has one side connected to terminal B3b. This is the positive 48 V DC voltage rail supplied by the power sup-
ply module. The other side of the dry contact is connected to the required contact input terminal. Each contact input group
has its own common (negative) terminal which must be connected to the DC negative terminal (B3a) of the power supply
module. When a dry contact closes, a current of 1 to 3 mA will flow through the associated circuit.
A wet contact has one side connected to the positive terminal of an external DC power supply. The other side of this contact
is connected to the required contact input terminal. If a wet contact is used, then the negative side of the external source
must be connected to the relay common (negative) terminal of each contact group. The maximum external source voltage
for this arrangement is 300 V DC.
The voltage threshold at which each group of four contact inputs will detect a closed contact input is programmable as
17 V DC for 24 V sources, 33 V DC for 48 V sources, 84 V DC for 110 to 125 V sources, and 166 V DC for 250 V sources.
3 (Dry) DIGITAL I/O

~ 7a + CONTACT IN
6B
~ 7a
(Wet) DIGITAL I/O 6B
~ 7a + CONTACT IN ~ 7a
~ 7c + CONTACT IN ~ 7c ~ 7c + CONTACT IN ~ 7c
~ 8a + CONTACT IN ~ 8a ~ 8a + CONTACT IN ~ 8a
~ 8c + CONTACT IN ~ 8c 24-250V ~ 8c + CONTACT IN ~ 8c
~ 7b - COMMON ~ 7b ~ 7b - COMMON ~ 7b
~ 8b SURGE ~ 8b SURGE
B 1b
1
B 1a CRITICAL
FAILURE
B 2b
B 3a -
POWER SUPPLY
48 VDC
B 3b + OUTPUT
B 5b HI+
CONTROL
B 6b LO+
POWER
B 6a -
B 8a SURGE
B 8b FILTER
827741A4.CDR
Figure 3–19: DRY AND WET CONTACT INPUT CONNECTIONS

Wherever a tilde “~” symbol appears, substitute with the slot position of the module.
NOTE
Contact outputs may be ordered as form-a or form-C. The form-A contacts may be connected for external circuit supervi-
sion. These contacts are provided with voltage and current monitoring circuits used to detect the loss of DC voltage in the
circuit, and the presence of DC current flowing through the contacts when the form-A contact closes. If enabled, the current
monitoring can be used as a seal-in signal to ensure that the form-A contact does not attempt to break the energized induc-
tive coil circuit and weld the output contacts.
There is no provision in the relay to detect a DC ground fault on 48 V DC control power external output. We
recommend using an external DC supply.
NOTE

USE OF CONTACT INPUTS WITH AUTO-BURNISHING:

The contact inputs sense a change of the state of the external device contact based on the measured current. When exter-
nal devices are located in a harsh industrial environment (either outdoor or indoor), their contacts can be exposed to vari-
ous types of contamination. Normally, there is a thin film of insulating sulfidation, oxidation, or contaminates on the surface
of the contacts, sometimes making it difficult or impossible to detect a change of the state. This film must be removed to
establish circuit continuity – an impulse of higher than normal current can accomplish this.
The contact inputs with auto-burnish create a high current impulse when the threshold is reached to burn off this oxidation
layer as a maintenance to the contacts. Afterwards the contact input current is reduced to a steady-state current. The
impulse will have a 5 second delay after a contact input changes state.
current
50 to 70 mA
3 mA
time
25 to 50 ms 842749A1.CDR
Figure 3–20: CURRENT THROUGH CONTACT INPUTS WITH AUTO-BURNISHING

Regular contact inputs limit current to less than 3 mA to reduce station battery burden. In contrast, contact inputs with auto-
burnishing allow currents up to 50 to 70 mA at the first instance when the change of state was sensed. Then, within 25 to
50 ms, this current is slowly reduced to 3 mA as indicated above. The 50 to 70 mA peak current burns any film on the con-
tacts, allowing for proper sensing of state changes. If the external device contact is bouncing, the auto-burnishing starts
when external device contact bouncing is over.
Another important difference between the auto-burnishing input module and the regular input modules is that only two con-
tact inputs have common ground, as opposed to four contact inputs sharing one common ground (refer to the Contact Input
and Output Module Wiring diagrams). This is beneficial when connecting contact inputs to separate voltage sources. Con-
sequently, the threshold voltage setting is also defined per group of two contact inputs.
The auto-burnish feature can be disabled or enabled using the DIP switches found on each daughter card. There is a DIP
switch for each contact, for a total of 16 inputs.
CONTACT INPUT 1 AUTO-BURNISH = OFF

CONTACT INPUT 1 AUTO-BURNISH = ON



842751A1.CDR
Figure 3–21: AUTO-BURNISH DIP SWITCHES

The auto-burnish circuitry has an internal fuse for safety purposes. During regular maintenance, the auto-burnish
functionality can be checked using an oscilloscope.
NOTE

3.2.7 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Transducer input modules can receive input signals from external dcmA output transducers (dcmA In) or resistance tem-
perature detectors (RTD). Hardware and software is provided to receive signals from these external transducers and con-
vert these signals into a digital format for use as required.
Transducer output modules provide DC current outputs in several standard dcmA ranges. Software is provided to configure
virtually any analog quantity used in the relay to drive the analog outputs.
Every transducer input/output module has a total of 24 terminal connections. These connections are arranged as three ter-
minals per row with a total of eight rows. A given row may be used for either inputs or outputs, with terminals in column "a"
having positive polarity and terminals in column "c" having negative polarity. Since an entire row is used for a single input/
output channel, the name of the channel is assigned using the module slot position and row number.
Each module also requires that a connection from an external ground bus be made to terminal 8b. The current outputs
3 require a twisted-pair shielded cable, where the shield is grounded at one end only. The figure below illustrates the trans-
ducer module types (5A, 5C, 5D, 5E, and 5F) and channel arrangements that may be ordered for the relay.
Wherever a tilde “~” symbol appears, substitute with the slot position of the module.
NOTE
Figure 3–22: TRANSDUCER INPUT/OUTPUT MODULE WIRING

3.2.8 RS232 FACEPLATE PORT
A 9-pin RS232C serial port is located on the L90 faceplate for programming with a personal computer. All that is required to
use this interface is a personal computer running the EnerVista UR Setup software provided with the relay. Cabling for the
RS232 port is shown in the following figure for both 9-pin and 25-pin connectors.
The baud rate for this port is fixed at 19200 bps.
NOTE
Figure 3–23: RS232 FACEPLATE PORT CONNECTION
3.2.9 CPU COMMUNICATION PORTS
a) OPTIONS
In addition to the faceplate RS232 port, the L90 provides two additional communication ports or a managed six-port Ether-
net switch, depending on the installed CPU module.
The CPU modules do not require a surge ground connection.
NOTE
Table 3–3: CPU MODULE COMMUNICATIONS

CPU TYPE COM1 COM2
9E RS485 RS485
9G 10Base-F and 10Base-T RS485
9H Redundant 10Base-F RS485
9J 100Base-FX RS485
9K Redundant 100Base-FX RS485
9L 100Base-FX RS485
9M Redundant 100Base-FX RS485
9N 10/100Base-T RS485
9P 100Base-FX RS485
9R Redundant 100Base-FX RS485
9S Ethernet switch module with two 10/100Base-T and four 100Base-FX ports RS485

SM fiber
9L
Shielded twisted-pairs optic cable 100Base-FL NORMAL COM1
D1b +
9E
RS485 D1a +
D2b — RS485
COM1 D2a —
Ground at D3b COMMON COM2
remote
Ground at D3a COMMON
D1a + remote
device RS485 D4b +
D2a — device
— IRIG-B
COM2 D4a
D3a COMMON input
D4b + BNC
D4a — IRIG-B Co-axial cable
CPU
input BNC IRIG-B output
BNC Co-axial cable
Co-axial cable
CPU
BNC IRIG-B output
Co-axial cable
SM fiber optic cable
9M
NORMAL
COM1
100Base-FL
MM fiber
Tx1 100Base-F ALTERNATE
9G
NORMAL
COM1
optic cable Rx1 10Base-FL
Shielded twisted-pairs
D1a +
10Base-T RS485
Shielded twisted-pairs D2a —
D1a + COM2
RS485 Ground at D3a COMMON
3
D2a — remote D4b
COM2 +
Ground at D3a COMMON device
D4a — IRIG-B
remote D4b +
device
input
D4a — IRIG-B BNC
input Co-axial cable
CPU
BNC BNC IRIG-B output
Co-axial cable
Co-axial cable
CPU
BNC IRIG-B output
Co-axial cable
Shielded
9N
10/100Base-T NORMAL COM1
MM fiber twisted-pairs
+
9H
Tx1 10Base-FL NORMAL D1a

optic cable Rx1
RS485
COM1
D2a —
Tx2
Rx2 10Base-F ALTERNATE COM2
Ground at D3a COMMON
Shielded remote D4b
10Base-T +
twisted-pairs device
D1a + D4a — IRIG-B
RS485 input
D2a —
COM2 BNC
Ground at D3a COMMON Co-axial cable
CPU
remote D4b +
device BNC IRIG-B output
input
BNC
Co-axial cable
CPU
BNC IRIG-B output

Co-axial cable
SM fiber
Tx1
9P
NORMAL
COM1
optic cable Rx1 100Base-FL
10/100Base-T
Shielded twisted-pairs
MM fiber D1a +
Tx1 100Base-FL NORMAL COM1 RS485
9J
optic cable Rx1 D2a —

COM2
D1a + Ground at D3a COMMON
RS485 remote
D2a — D4b +
COM2 device
Ground at D3a COMMON D4a — IRIG-B
remote D4b + input
device BNC
input
CPU
BNC BNC IRIG-B output
Co-axial cable Co-axial cable
CPU
BNC IRIG-B output

Co-axial cable
SM fiber optic cable Tx1 NORMAL
9R
Rx1 100Base-FL
COM1
MM fiber optic cable Tx1 Tx2 100Base-F ALTERNATE
9K
NORMAL
COM1
Rx1 100Base-FL Rx2
Tx2 100Base-F ALTERNATE Shielded 10/100Base-T

Rx2
Shielded twisted-pairs twisted-pairs
D1a + D1a +
RS485 RS485
D2a — D2a —
COM2 COM2
Ground at D3a COMMON Ground at D3a COMMON
remote D4b + remote D4b +
device device
D4a — IRIG-B D4a — IRIG-B
input input
BNC BNC
CPU
CPU
BNC IRIG-B output BNC IRIG-B output

MM fiber optic cable Tx1

9S
Rx1 100Base-FX
MM fiber optic cable Tx2 100Base-FX
Rx2 Fiber
MM fiber optic cable Tx1 100Base-FX ports
Rx1
MM fiber optic cable Tx1

Rx1 100Base-FX
100Base-T cable 10/100Base-T Copper

100Base-T cable 10/100Base-T
ports
110 to 250 V DC + W1a +

100 to 240 V AC – W2b — Power supply
CPU
W1a GROUND
842765A5.CDR
Figure 3–24: CPU MODULE COMMUNICATIONS WIRING

b) RS485 PORTS
RS485 data transmission and reception are accomplished over a single twisted pair with transmit and receive data alternat-
ing over the same two wires. Through the use of these ports, continuous monitoring and control from a remote computer,
SCADA system or PLC is possible.
To minimize errors from noise, the use of shielded twisted pair wire is recommended. Correct polarity must also be
observed. For instance, the relays must be connected with all RS485 “+” terminals connected together, and all RS485 “–”
terminals connected together. The COM terminal should be connected to the common wire inside the shield, when pro-
vided. To avoid loop currents, the shield should be grounded at one point only. Each relay should also be daisy chained to
the next one in the link. A maximum of 32 relays can be connected in this manner without exceeding driver capability. For
larger systems, additional serial channels must be added. It is also possible to use commercially available repeaters to
increase the number of relays on a single channel to more than 32. Star or stub connections should be avoided entirely.
Lightning strikes and ground surge currents can cause large momentary voltage differences between remote ends of the
communication link. For this reason, surge protection devices are internally provided at both communication ports. An iso-
lated power supply with an optocoupled data interface also acts to reduce noise coupling. To ensure maximum reliability, all
3
equipment should have similar transient protection devices installed.
Both ends of the RS485 circuit should also be terminated with an impedance as shown below.
Figure 3–25: RS485 SERIAL CONNECTION

c) 10BASE-FL AND 100BASE-FX FIBER OPTIC PORTS

ENSURE THE DUST COVERS ARE INSTALLED WHEN THE FIBER IS NOT IN USE. DIRTY OR SCRATCHED
CONNECTORS CAN LEAD TO HIGH LOSSES ON A FIBER LINK.
CAUTION
OBSERVING ANY FIBER TRANSMITTER OUTPUT MAY CAUSE INJURY TO THE EYE.
CAUTION
The fiber optic communication ports allow for fast and efficient communications between relays at 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps.
Optical fiber may be connected to the relay supporting a wavelength of 820 nm in multi-mode or 1310 nm in multi-mode
and single-mode. The 10 Mbps rate is available for CPU modules 9G and 9H; 100Mbps is available for modules 9H, 9J, 9K,
9L, 9M, 9N, 9P, and 9R. The 9H, 9K, 9M, and 9R modules have a second pair of identical optical fiber transmitter and
receiver for redundancy.
The optical fiber sizes supported include 50/125 µm, 62.5/125 µm and 100/140 µm for 10 Mbps. The fiber optic port is
3 designed such that the response times will not vary for any core that is 100 µm or less in diameter, 62.5 µm for 100 Mbps.
For optical power budgeting, splices are required every 1 km for the transmitter/receiver pair. When splicing optical fibers,
the diameter and numerical aperture of each fiber must be the same. In order to engage or disengage the ST type connec-
tor, only a quarter turn of the coupling is required.
3.2.10 IRIG-B
IRIG-B is a standard time code format that allows stamping of events to be synchronized among connected devices within
1 millisecond. The IRIG time code formats are serial, width-modulated codes which can be either DC level shifted or ampli-
tude modulated (AM). Third party equipment is available for generating the IRIG-B signal; this equipment may use a GPS
satellite system to obtain the time reference so that devices at different geographic locations can also be synchronized.
GPS SATELLITE SYSTEM

GPS CONNECTION
OPTIONAL
RELAY
4B IRIG-B(+)
4A IRIG-B(-)
IRIG-B
RG58/59 COAXIAL CABLE RECEIVER
TIME CODE
GENERATOR + BNC (IN)
(DC SHIFT OR
AMPLITUDE MODULATED
SIGNAL CAN BE USED)
-
BNC (OUT) REPEATER
TO OTHER DEVICES
(DC-SHIFT ONLY)
827756A5.CDR
Figure 3–26: IRIG-B CONNECTION

The IRIG-B repeater provides an amplified DC-shift IRIG-B signal to other equipment. By using one IRIG-B serial connec-
tion, several UR-series relays can be synchronized. The IRIG-B repeater has a bypass function to maintain the time signal
even when a relay in the series is powered down.
Figure 3–27: IRIG-B REPEATER

Using an amplitude modulated receiver will cause errors up to 1 ms in event time-stamping.
NOTE
Using an amplitude modulated receiver will also cause errors of up to 1 ms in metered synchrophasor values.
Using the IRIG-B repeater function in conjunction with synchrophasors is not recommended, as the repeater adds
NOTE a 40 μs delay to the IRIG-B signal. This results in a 1° error for each consecutive device in the string as reported in
synchrophasors.

3.3 PILOT CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS 3 HARDWARE
3.3PILOT CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS 3.3.1 DESCRIPTION
A special inter-relay communications module is available for the L90. This module is plugged into slot “W” in horizontally
mounted units and slot “R” in vertically mounted units. Inter-relay channel communications is not the same as 10/100Base-
F interface communications (available as an option with the CPU module). Channel communication is used for sharing data
among relays.
The inter-relay communications modules are available with several interfaces as shown in the table below.
Table 3–4: CHANNEL COMMUNICATION OPTIONS

MODULE SPECIFICATION
2A C37.94SM, 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode
2B C37.94SM, 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode
3 2E Bi-phase, 1 channel
2F Bi-phase, 2 channel
2G IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multi-mode, LED, 1 channel
2H IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 128 kbps, multi-mode, LED, 2 channels
2S Managed Ethernet switch with high voltage power supply
2T Managed Ethernet switch with low voltage power supply
72 1550 nm, single-mode, laser, 1 channel
73 1550 nm, single-mode, laser, 2 channels
74 Channel 1 - RS422; channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, laser
75 Channel 1 - G.703; channel 2 - 1550 nm, single-mode, laser
76 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multi-mode, LED, 1 channel
77 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multi-mode, LED, 2 channels
7A 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 channel
7B 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 1 channel
7C 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 channel
7D 1300 nm, single-mode, laser, 1 channel
7E Channel 1: G.703, Channel 2: 820 nm, multi-mode
7F Channel 1: G.703, Channel 2: 1300 nm, multi-mode
7G Channel 1: G.703, Channel 2: 1300 nm, single-mode ELED
7H 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 channels
7I 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 channels
7J 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 channels
7K 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2 channels
7L Channel 1: RS422, channel: 820 nm, multi-mode, LED
7M Channel 1: RS422, channel 2: 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED
7N Channel 1: RS422, channel 2: 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED
7P Channel 1: RS422, channel 2: 1300 nm, single-mode, laser
7Q Channel 1: G.703, channel 2: 1300 nm, single-mode, laser
7R G.703, 1 channel
7S G.703, 2 channels
7T RS422, 1 channel
7V RS422, 2 channels, 2 clock inputs
7W RS422, 2 channels
All of the fiber modules use ST type connectors. For two-terminal applications, each L90 relay requires at least one com-
munications channel.

3 HARDWARE 3.3 PILOT CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS
The current differential function must be “Enabled” for the communications module to properly operate.
Refer to SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö LINE DIFFERENTIAL Ö CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL menu.
NOTE
The fiber optic modules (7A to 7W) are designed for back-to-back connections of UR-series relays only. For
connections to higher-order systems, use the 72 to 77 modules or the 2A and 2B modules.
NOTE
OBSERVING ANY FIBER TRANSMITTER OUTPUT MAY CAUSE INJURY TO THE EYE.
CAUTION
3.3.2 FIBER: LED AND ELED TRANSMITTERS
The following figure shows the configuration for the 7A, 7B, 7C, 7H, 7I, and 7J fiber-only modules.
Module: 7A / 7B / 7C 7H / 7I / 7J
Connection Location: Slot X Slot X 3
RX1 RX1
TX1 TX1
RX2
TX2
1 Channel 2 Channels 831719A2.CDR
Figure 3–28: LED AND ELED FIBER MODULES
3.3.3 FIBER-LASER TRANSMITTERS
The following figure shows the configuration for the 72, 73, 7D, and 7K fiber-laser module.
Module: 72/ 7D 73/ 7K

Connection Location: Slot X Slot X
TX1 TX1
RX1 RX1
TX2
RX2
1 Channel 2 Channels 831720A3.CDR
Figure 3–29: LASER FIBER MODULES

When using a laser Interface, attenuators may be necessary to ensure that you do not exceed the maxi-
mum optical input power to the receiver.
WARNING

3.3.4 G.703 INTERFACE
a) DESCRIPTION
The following figure shows the 64K ITU G.703 co-directional interface configuration.
The G.703 module is fixed at 64 kbps. The SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DIRECT I/O ÖØ DIRECT I/O DATA RATE
setting is not applicable to this module.
NOTE
AWG 24 twisted shielded pair is recommended for external connections, with the shield grounded only at one end. Con-
necting the shield to pin X1a or X6a grounds the shield since these pins are internally connected to ground. Thus, if pin X1a
or X6a is used, do not ground at the other end. This interface module is protected by surge suppression devices.
Shield X 1a
3
7S
Tx – X 1b
G.703
channel 1 Rx – X 2a
Inter-relay communications Tx + X 2b
Rx + X 3a
Surge X 3b
Shield X 6a
Tx – X 6b
G.703
channel 2
Rx – X 7a
Tx + X 7b
Rx + X 8a
Surge X 8b
842773A2.CDR
Figure 3–30: G.703 INTERFACE CONFIGURATION

The following figure shows the typical pin interconnection between two G.703 interfaces. For the actual physical arrange-
ment of these pins, see the Rear terminal assignments section earlier in this chapter. All pin interconnections are to be
maintained for a connection to a multiplexer.
Shld. X 1a X 1a Shld.
7S
7S
Tx - X 1b X 1b Tx -
G.703 G.703
CHANNEL 1
Rx - X 2a X 2a Rx -
CHANNEL 1
Tx + X 2b X 2b Tx +
Rx + X 3a X 3a Rx +
SURGE X 3b X 3b SURGE
Shld. X 6a X 6a Shld.
Tx - X 6b X 6b Tx -
G.703 G.703
Rx - X 7a X 7a Rx -
COMM.
COMM.
CHANNEL 2 CHANNEL 2
Tx + X 7b X 7b Tx +
Rx + X 8a X 8a Rx +
SURGE X 8b X 8b SURGE
831727A3.CDR
Figure 3–31: TYPICAL PIN INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN TWO G.703 INTERFACES

Pin nomenclature may differ from one manufacturer to another. Therefore, it is not uncommon to see pin-
outs numbered TxA, TxB, RxA and RxB. In such cases, it can be assumed that “A” is equivalent to “+” and
NOTE
“B” is equivalent to “–”.
b) G.703 SELECTION SWITCH PROCEDURES

1. Remove the G.703 module (7R or 7S). The ejector/inserter clips located at the top and at the bottom of each module,
must be pulled simultaneously in order to release the module for removal. Before performing this action, control
power must be removed from the relay. The original location of the module should be recorded to help ensure that
the same or replacement module is inserted into the correct slot.
2. Remove the module cover screw.
3. Remove the top cover by sliding it towards the rear and then lift it upwards.
4. Set the timing selection switches (channel 1, channel 2) to the desired timing modes.
5. Replace the top cover and the cover screw.

6. Re-insert the G.703 module. Take care to ensure that the correct module type is inserted into the correct slot position.
The ejector/inserter clips located at the top and at the bottom of each module must be in the disengaged position as
the module is smoothly inserted into the slot. Once the clips have cleared the raised edge of the chassis, engage the
clips simultaneously. When the clips have locked into position, the module will be fully inserted.
Figure 3–32: G.703 TIMING SELECTION SWITCH SETTING
Table 3–5: G.703 TIMING SELECTIONS

SWITCHES FUNCTION
S1 OFF → octet timing disabled
ON → octet timing 8 kHz
S5 and S6 S5 = OFF and S6 = OFF → loop timing mode
S5 = ON and S6 = OFF → internal timing mode
S5 = OFF and S6 = ON → minimum remote loopback mode
S5 = ON and S6 = ON → dual loopback mode
c) G.703 OCTET TIMING

If octet timing is enabled (on), this 8 kHz signal will be asserted during the violation of bit 8 (LSB) necessary for connecting
to higher order systems. When L90s are connected back to back, octet timing should be disabled (off).
d) G.703 TIMING MODES

There are two timing modes for the G.703 module: internal timing mode and loop timing mode (default).
• Internal Timing Mode: The system clock is generated internally. Therefore, the G.703 timing selection should be in
the internal timing mode for back-to-back (UR-to-UR) connections. For back-to-back connections, set for octet timing
(S1 = OFF) and timing mode to internal timing (S5 = ON and S6 = OFF).
• Loop Timing Mode: The system clock is derived from the received line signal. Therefore, the G.703 timing selection
should be in loop timing mode for connections to higher order systems. For connection to a higher order system (UR-
to-multiplexer, factory defaults), set to octet timing (S1 = ON) and set timing mode to loop timing (S5 = OFF and S6 =
OFF).

The switch settings for the internal and loop timing modes are shown below:
842752A1.CDR
e) G.703 TEST MODES
3 In minimum remote loopback mode, the multiplexer is enabled to return the data from the external interface without any
processing to assist in diagnosing G.703 line-side problems irrespective of clock rate. Data enters from the G.703 inputs,
passes through the data stabilization latch which also restores the proper signal polarity, passes through the multiplexer
and then returns to the transmitter. The differential received data is processed and passed to the G.703 transmitter module
after which point the data is discarded. The G.703 receiver module is fully functional and continues to process data and
passes it to the differential Manchester transmitter module. Since timing is returned as it is received, the timing source is
expected to be from the G.703 line side of the interface.
DMR = Differential Manchester Receiver

DMR G7X DMX = Differential Manchester Transmitter
G7X = G.703 Transmitter
G7R = G.703 Receiver
DMX G7R
842774A1.CDR
Figure 3–33: G.703 MINIMUM REMOTE LOOPBACK MODE

In dual loopback mode, the multiplexers are active and the functions of the circuit are divided into two with each receiver/
transmitter pair linked together to deconstruct and then reconstruct their respective signals. Differential Manchester data
enters the Differential Manchester receiver module and then is returned to the differential Manchester transmitter module.
Likewise, G.703 data enters the G.703 receiver module and is passed through to the G.703 transmitter module to be
returned as G.703 data. Because of the complete split in the communications path and because, in each case, the clocks
are extracted and reconstructed with the outgoing data, in this mode there must be two independent sources of timing. One
source lies on the G.703 line side of the interface while the other lies on the differential Manchester side of the interface.
DMR = Differential Manchester Receiver

DMR G7X DMX = Differential Manchester Transmitter
G7X = G.703 Transmitter
G7R = G.703 Receiver
DMX G7R
842775A1.CDR
Figure 3–34: G.703 DUAL LOOPBACK MODE

3.3.5 RS422 INTERFACE
a) DESCRIPTION
There are three RS422 inter-relay communications modules available: single-channel RS422 (module 7T), dual-channel
RS422 (module 7W), and dual-channel dual-clock RS422 (module 7V). The modules can be configured to run at 64 or
128 kbps. AWG 24 twisted shielded pair cable is recommended for external connections. These modules are protected by
optically-isolated surge suppression devices.
The two-channel two-clock RS422 interface (module 7V) is intended for use with two independent channel banks
with two independent clocks. It is intended for situations where a single clock for both channels is not acceptable.
NOTE
The shield pins (6a and 7b) are internally connected to the ground pin (8a). Proper shield termination is as follows:
• Site 1: Terminate shield to pins 6a or 7b or both.
• Site 2: Terminate shield to COM pin 2b. 3
The clock terminating impedance should match the impedance of the line.
Single-channel RS422 module Dual-channel RS422 module
~ 3b Tx – ~ 3b Tx –
7W
7T
~ 3a Rx – ~ 3a Rx –
RS422
~ 2a Tx + RS422 Inter-relay comms. ~ 2a Tx +
channel 1
~ 4b Rx + ~ 4b Rx +
~ 6a Shield ~ 6a Shield
Inter-relay communications
~ 7a ~ 5b Tx –
Clock
~ 8b ~ 5a Rx –
RS422
~ 2b COM ~ 4a Tx +
channel 2
~ 8a Surge ~ 6b Rx +
~ 7b Shield
~ 7a
Clock
~ 8b
~ 2b COM
~ indicates the slot position ~ 8a Surge

842776A3.CDR
Figure 3–35: RS422 INTERFACE CONNECTIONS

The following figure shows the typical pin interconnection between two single-channel RS422 interfaces installed in slot W.
All pin interconnections are to be maintained for a connection to a multiplexer.
Tx– W 3b W 3b Tx–
7T
7T
Rx– W 3a W 3a Rx–
RS422 RS422
CHANNEL 1 Tx– W 2a W 2a Tx+
CHANNEL 1
Rx+ W 4b W 4b Rx+
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS
Shld. W 6a W 6a Shld.
+ W 7a W 7a +
CLOCK CLOCK
– W 8b W 8b –
COM W 2b + W 2b COM
SURGE W 8a W 8a SURGE
64 kHz 831809A1.CDR
Figure 3–36: TYPICAL PIN INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN TWO RS422 INTERFACES
b) TWO-CHANNEL APPLICATION VIA MULTIPLEXERS

The RS422 interface may be used for single channel or two channel applications over SONET/SDH or multiplexed sys-
tems. When used in single-channel applications, the RS422 interface links to higher order systems in a typical fashion
observing transmit (Tx), receive (Rx), and send timing (ST) connections. However, when used in two-channel applications,
certain criteria must be followed since there is one clock input for the two RS422 channels. The system will function cor-
rectly if the following connections are observed and your data module has a terminal timing feature. Terminal timing is a
common feature to most synchronous data units that allows the module to accept timing from an external source. Using the
terminal timing feature, two channel applications can be achieved if these connections are followed: The send timing out-
puts from the multiplexer (data module 1), will connect to the clock inputs of the UR–RS422 interface in the usual fashion.
In addition, the send timing outputs of data module 1 will also be paralleled to the terminal timing inputs of data module 2.

By using this configuration, the timing for both data modules and both UR–RS422 channels will be derived from a single
clock source. As a result, data sampling for both of the UR–RS422 channels will be synchronized via the send timing leads
on data module 1 as shown below. If the terminal timing feature is not available or this type of connection is not desired, the
G.703 interface is a viable option that does not impose timing restrictions.
Data module 1
Signal name
Tx1(+) W 2a SD(A) - Send data
7W
Tx1(-) W 3b SD(B) - Send data
RS422
CHANNEL 1
Rx1(+) W 4b RD(A) - Received data
Rx1(-) W 3a RD(B) - Received data
Shld. W 6a RS(A) - Request to send (RTS)
INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS
+ W 7a RS(B) - Request to send (RTS)

CLOCK
– W 8b RT(A) - Receive timing
Tx2(+) W 4a RT(B) - Receive timing
Tx2(-) W 5b CS(A) - Clear To send
3 RS422
CHANNEL 2
Rx2(+)
Rx2(-)
W 6b
W 5a
CS(B) - Clear To send
Local loopback
Shld. W 7b Remote loopback
com W 2b Signal ground
SURGE W 8a ST(A) - Send timing
ST(B) - Send timing
Data module 2
Signal name
TT(A) - Terminal timing
TT(B) - Terminal timing
SD(A) - Send data
SD(B) - Send data
RD(A) - Received data
RD(B) - Received data
RS(A) - Request to send (RTS)
RS(B) - Request to send (RTS)
CS(A) - Clear To send
CS(B) - Clear To send
Local loopback
Remote loopback
Signal ground
ST(A) - Send timing
ST(B) - Send timing
831022A3.CDR
Figure 3–37: TIMING CONFIGURATION FOR RS422 TWO-CHANNEL, 3-TERMINAL APPLICATION

Data module 1 provides timing to the L90 RS422 interface via the ST(A) and ST(B) outputs. Data module 1 also provides
timing to data module 2 TT(A) and TT(B) inputs via the ST(A) and AT(B) outputs. The data module pin numbers have been
omitted in the figure above since they may vary depending on the manufacturer.
c) TRANSMIT TIMING
The RS422 interface accepts one clock input for transmit timing. It is important that the rising edge of the 64 kHz transmit
timing clock of the multiplexer interface is sampling the data in the center of the transmit data window. Therefore, it is impor-
tant to confirm clock and data transitions to ensure proper system operation. For example, the following figure shows the
positive edge of the Tx clock in the center of the Tx data bit.
Tx Clock
Tx Data
Figure 3–38: CLOCK AND DATA TRANSITIONS

d) RECEIVE TIMING
The RS422 interface utilizes NRZI-MARK modulation code and; therefore, does not rely on an Rx clock to recapture data.
NRZI-MARK is an edge-type, invertible, self-clocking code.
To recover the Rx clock from the data-stream, an integrated DPLL (digital phase lock loop) circuit is utilized. The DPLL is
driven by an internal clock, which is 16-times over-sampled, and uses this clock along with the data-stream to generate a
data clock that can be used as the SCC (serial communication controller) receive clock.
3.3.6 TWO-CHANNEL TWO-CLOCK RS422 INTERFACE
The two-channel two-clock RS422 interface (module 7V) is intended for use with the synchrophasor feature. The module
connections are illustrated below.
Tx – ~3b
7V
RS422
Rx –
Tx +
~3a
~2a
3
channel 1
Rx + ~4b
Shield ~6a
Tx – ~5b
Rx – ~5a
RS422 Tx + ~4a
channel 2
Rx + ~6b
RS422 communications
Shield ~7b
Channel 1 Tx – ~7a
clock Rx – ~8b
Channel 2 Tx – ~1b
clock Rx – ~1a
Common COM ~2b
Surge ~8a
842802A2.CDR
Figure 3–39: TWO-CHANNEL TWO-CLOCK RS422 INTERFACE CONNECTIONS
3.3.7 RS422 AND FIBER INTERFACE
The following figure shows the combined RS422 plus Fiber interface configuration at 64K baud. The 7L, 7M, 7N, 7P, and 74
modules are used in two-terminal with a redundant channel or three-terminal configurations where channel 1 is employed
via the RS422 interface (possibly with a multiplexer) and channel 2 via direct fiber.
AWG 24 twisted shielded pair is recommended for external RS422 connections and the shield should be grounded only at
one end. For the direct fiber channel, power budget issues should be addressed properly.
When using a LASER Interface, attenuators may be necessary to ensure that you do not exceed maximum
optical input power to the receiver.
WARNING
~ 1a Clock
7L, 7M, 7N, 7P, 74
~ 1b (channel 1)
~ 2b COM
~ 2a Tx1 +
~ 3a Rx1 –
RS422
~ 3b Tx1 –
channel 1
Inter-relay comms.
~ 4b Rx1 +
~ 6a Shield
Fiber
Tx2 Rx2 channel 2
~ 8a Surge
842777A1.CDR
Figure 3–40: RS422 AND FIBER INTERFACE CONNECTION

Connections shown above are for multiplexers configured as DCE (data communications equipment) units.

3.3.8 G.703 AND FIBER INTERFACE
The figure below shows the combined G.703 plus fiber interface configuration at 64 kbps. The 7E, 7F, 7G, 7Q, and 75 mod-
ules are used in configurations where channel 1 is employed via the G.703 interface (possibly with a multiplexer) and chan-
nel 2 via direct fiber. AWG 24 twisted shielded pair is recommended for external G.703 connections connecting the shield to
pin 1a at one end only. For the direct fiber channel, power budget issues should be addressed properly. See previous sec-
tions for additional details on the G.703 and fiber interfaces.
When using a laser Interface, attenuators may be necessary to ensure that you do not exceed the maxi-
mum optical input power to the receiver.
WARNING
~ 1a
7E, 7F, 7G,

7Q,75
Shield
~ 1b Tx –
G.703
3 ~ 2a
~ 2b
Rx –
Tx +
channel 1
communications
~ 3a Rx +
~ 3b Surge
Inter-relay
Tx2 Fiber
Rx2 channel 2
842778A1.CDR
Figure 3–41: G.703 AND FIBER INTERFACE CONNECTION
3.3.9 IEEE C37.94 INTERFACE
The UR-series IEEE C37.94 communication modules (modules types 2G, 2H, 76, and 77) are designed to interface with
IEEE C37.94 compliant digital multiplexers or an IEEE C37.94 compliant interface converter for use with direct input and
output applications for firmware revisions 3.30 and higher. The IEEE C37.94 standard defines a point-to-point optical link
for synchronous data between a multiplexer and a teleprotection device. This data is typically 64 kbps, but the standard
provides for speeds up to 64n kbps, where n = 1, 2,…, 12. The UR-series C37.94 communication modules are either
64 kbps (with n fixed at 1) for 128 kbps (with n fixed at 2). The frame is a valid International Telecommunications Union
(ITU-T) recommended G.704 pattern from the standpoint of framing and data rate. The frame is 256 bits and is repeated at
a frame rate of 8000 Hz, with a resultant bit rate of 2048 kbps.
The specifications for the module are as follows:.
• IEEE standard: C37.94 for 1 × 128 kbps optical fiber interface (for 2G and 2H modules) or C37.94 for 2 × 64 kbps opti-
cal fiber interface (for 76 and 77 modules).
• Fiber optic cable type: 50 mm or 62.5 mm core diameter optical fiber.
• Fiber optic mode: multi-mode.
• Fiber optic cable length: up to 2 km.
• Fiber optic connector: type ST.
• Wavelength: 830 ±40 nm.
• Connection: as per all fiber optic connections, a Tx to Rx connection is required.
The UR-series C37.94 communication module can be connected directly to any compliant digital multiplexer that supports
the IEEE C37.94 standard as shown below.

The UR-series C37.94 communication module can be connected to the electrical interface (G.703, RS422, or X.21) of a
non-compliant digital multiplexer via an optical-to-electrical interface converter that supports the IEEE C37.94 standard, as
shown below.
The UR-series C37.94 communication module has six (6) switches that are used to set the clock configuration. The func-
tions of these control switches is shown below.
3
842753A1.CDR
For the internal timing mode, the system clock is generated internally. therefore, the timing switch selection should be inter-
nal timing for relay 1 and loop timed for relay 2. There must be only one timing source configured.
For the looped timing mode, the system clock is derived from the received line signal. Therefore, the timing selection
should be in loop timing mode for connections to higher order systems.
The IEEE C37.94 communications module cover removal procedure is as follows:
1. Remove the IEEE C37.94 module (type 2G, 2H, 76, or 77 module):
The ejector/inserter clips located at the top and at the bottom of each module, must be pulled simultaneously in order
to release the module for removal. Before performing this action, control power must be removed from the relay.
The original location of the module should be recorded to help ensure that the same or replacement module is inserted
into the correct slot.
4. Set the timing selection switches (channel 1, channel 2) to the desired timing modes (see description above).
5. Replace the top cover and the cover screw.
6. Re-insert the IEEE C37.94 module. Take care to ensure that the correct module type is inserted into the correct slot
position. The ejector/inserter clips located at the top and at the bottom of each module must be in the disengaged posi-
tion as the module is smoothly inserted into the slot. Once the clips have cleared the raised edge of the chassis,
engage the clips simultaneously. When the clips have locked into position, the module will be fully inserted.

Figure 3–42: IEEE C37.94 TIMING SELECTION SWITCH SETTING

3.3.10 C37.94SM INTERFACE
The UR-series C37.94SM communication modules (2A and 2B) are designed to interface with modified IEEE C37.94 com-
pliant digital multiplexers or IEEE C37.94 compliant interface converters that have been converted from 820 nm multi-mode
fiber optics to 1300 nm ELED single-mode fiber optics. The IEEE C37.94 standard defines a point-to-point optical link for
synchronous data between a multiplexer and a teleprotection device. This data is typically 64 kbps, but the standard pro-
vides for speeds up to 64n kbps, where n = 1, 2,…, 12. The UR-series C37.94SM communication module is 64 kbps only
with n fixed at 1. The frame is a valid International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T) recommended G.704 pattern from
the standpoint of framing and data rate. The frame is 256 bits and is repeated at a frame rate of 8000 Hz, with a resultant bit
rate of 2048 kbps.
The specifications for the module are as follows:
• Emulated IEEE standard: emulates C37.94 for 1 × 64 kbps optical fiber interface (modules set to n = 1 or 64 kbps).
• Fiber optic cable type: 9/125 μm core diameter optical fiber. 3
• Fiber optic mode: single-mode, ELED compatible with HP HFBR-1315T transmitter and HP HFBR-2316T receiver.
• Fiber optic cable length: up to 10 km.
• Fiber optic connector: type ST.
• Wavelength: 1300 ±40 nm.
• Connection: as per all fiber optic connections, a Tx to Rx connection is required.
The UR-series C37.94SM communication module can be connected directly to any compliant digital multiplexer that sup-
ports C37.94SM as shown below.
It can also can be connected directly to any other UR-series relay with a C37.94SM module as shown below.
The UR-series C37.94SM communication module has six (6) switches that are used to set the clock configuration. The
functions of these control switches is shown below.
842753A1.CDR
For the internal timing mode, the system clock is generated internally. Therefore, the timing switch selection should be
internal timing for relay 1 and loop timed for relay 2. There must be only one timing source configured.

For the looped timing mode, the system clock is derived from the received line signal. Therefore, the timing selection
should be in loop timing mode for connections to higher order systems.
The C37.94SM communications module cover removal procedure is as follows:
1. Remove the C37.94SM module (modules 2A or 2B):
The ejector/inserter clips located at the top and at the bottom of each module, must be pulled simultaneously in order
to release the module for removal. Before performing this action, control power must be removed from the relay.
The original location of the module should be recorded to help ensure that the same or replacement module is inserted
into the correct slot.
4. Set the timing selection switches (channel 1, channel 2) to the desired timing modes (see description above).
3 5. Replace the top cover and the cover screw.
6. Re-insert the C37.94SM module. Take care to ensure that the correct module type is inserted into the correct slot
position. The ejector/inserter clips located at the top and at the bottom of each module must be in the disengaged posi-
tion as the module is smoothly inserted into the slot. Once the clips have cleared the raised edge of the chassis,
engage the clips simultaneously. When the clips have locked into position, the module will be fully inserted.
Figure 3–43: C37.94SM TIMING SELECTION SWITCH SETTING

3 HARDWARE 3.4 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULES
3.4MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULES 3.4.1 OVERVIEW
The type 2S and 2T embedded managed switch modules are supported by UR-series relays containing type 9S CPU mod-
ules with revisions 5.5x and higher. The modules communicate to the L90 through an internal Ethernet port (referred to as
the UR port or port 7) and provide an additional six external Ethernet ports: two 10/100Base-T ports and four multimode ST
100Base-FX ports.
The Ethernet switch module should be powered up before or at the same time as the L90. Otherwise, the switch
module will not be detected on power up and the EQUIPMENT MISMATCH: ORDERCODE XXX self-test warning will be
NOTE issued.
3.4.2 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE HARDWARE
The type 2S and 2T managed Ethernet switch modules provide two 10/100Base-T and four multimode ST 100Base-FX
external Ethernet ports accessible through the rear of the module. In addition, a serial console port is accessible from the 3
front of the module (requires the front panel faceplate to be open).
The pin assignment for the console port signals is shown in the following table.
Table 3–6: CONSOLE PORT PIN ASSIGNMENT

PIN SIGNAL DESCRIPTION
1 CD Carrier detect (not used)
2 RXD Receive data (input)
3 TXD Transmit data (output)
4 N/A Not used
5 GND Signal ground
6 to 9 N/A Not used
Two 10/100Base-T
ports
Four 100Base-FX
multimode ports
with ST connectors
RS232
console port
Independent power
supply. Options:
2S: high-voltage
2T: low-voltage
FRONT VIEW REAR VIEW

842867A2.CDR
Figure 3–44: MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCHES HARDWARE

3.4 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULES 3 HARDWARE
3.4.3 MANAGED SWITCH LED INDICATORS
The 10/100Base-T and 100Base-FX ports have LED indicators to indicate the port status.
The 10/100Base-T ports have three LEDs to indicate connection speed, duplex mode, and link activity. The 100Base-FX
ports have one LED to indicate linkup and activity.
Connection speed indicator (OFF = 10 Mbps; ON = 100 Mbps)

Link indicator (ON = link active; FLASHING = activity)
Duplex mode indicator (OFF = half-duplex; ON = full-duplex)
3 Link indicator (ON = link active; FLASHING = activity)
842868A2.CDR
Figure 3–45: ETHERNET SWITCH LED INDICATORS
3.4.4 CONFIGURING THE MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE
A suitable IP/gateway and subnet mask must be assigned to both the switch and the UR relay for correct operation. The
Switch has been shipped with a default IP address of 192.168.1.2 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Consult your net-
work administrator to determine if the default IP address, subnet mask or default gateway needs to be modified.
Do not connect to network while configuring the switch module.
CAUTION
a) CONFIGURING THE SWITCH MODULE IP SETTINGS

In our example configuration of both the Switch’s IP address and subnet mask must be changed to 3.94.247.229 and
255.255.252.0 respectively. The IP address, subnet mask and default gateway can be configured using either EnerVista
UR Setup software, the Switch’s Secure Web Management (SWM), or through the console port using CLI.
1. Select the Settings > Product Setup > Communications > Ethernet Switch > Configure IP menu item to open the
Ethernet switch configuration window.

2. Enter “3.94.247.229” in the IP Address field and “255.255.252.0” in the Subnet Mask field, then click OK.
The software will send the new settings to the L90 and prompt as follows when complete.
3. Cycle power to the L90 and switch module to activate the new settings.
b) SAVING THE ETHERNET SWITCH SETTINGS TO A SETTINGS FILE

The L90 allows the settings information for the Ethernet switch module to be saved locally as a settings file. This file con-
tains the advanced configuration details for the switch not contained within the standard L90 settings file.
This feature allows the switch module settings to be saved locally before performing firmware upgrades. Saving settings
3
files is also highly recommended before making any change to the module configuration or creating new setting files.
The following procedure describes how to save local settings files for the Ethernet switch module.
1. Select the desired device from site tree in the online window.
2. Select the Settings > Product Setup > Communications > Ethernet Switch > Ethernet Switch Settings File >
Retreive Settings File item from the device settings tree.
The system will request the name and destination path for the settings file.
3. Enter an appropriate folder and file name and click Save.

All settings files will be saved as text files and the corresponding file extension automatically assigned.
c) UPLOADING ETHERNET SWITCH SETTINGS FILES TO THE MODULE

The following procedure describes how to upload local settings files to the Ethernet switch module. It is highly recom-
mended that the current settings are saved to a settings file before uploading a new settings file.
It is highly recommended to place the switch offline while transferring setting files to the switch. When transferring
settings files from one switch to another, the user must reconfigure the IP address.
NOTE
1. Select the desired device from site tree in the online window.
2. Select the Settings > Product Setup > Communications > Ethernet Switch > Ethernet Switch Settings File >
Transfer Settings File item from the device settings tree.

The system will request the name and destination path for the settings file.
3. Navigate to the folder containing the Ethernet switch settings file, select the file, then click Open.
The settings file will be transferred to the Ethernet switch and the settings uploaded to the device.
3.4.5 UPLOADING L90 SWITCH MODULE FIRMWARE
a) DESCRIPTION
This section describes the process for upgrading firmware on a UR-2S or UR-2T switch module.
There are several ways of updating firmware on a switch module:
• Using the EnerVista UR Setup software.
• Serially using the L90 switch module console port.
• Using FTP or TFTP through the L90 switch module console port.
It is highly recommended to use the EnerVista UR Setup software to upgrade firmware on a L90 switch module.
Firmware upgrades using the serial port, TFTP, and FTP are described in detail in the switch module manual.
NOTE
b) SELECTING THE PROPER SWITCH FIRMWARE VERSION

The latest switch module firmware is available as a download from the GE Multilin web site. Use the following procedure to
determine the version of firmware currently installed on your switch
1. Log into the switch using the EnerVista web interface.
The default switch login ID is “manager” and the default password is “manager”.
NOTE

The firmware version installed on the switch will appear on the lower left corner of the screen.
Version: 2.1 beta 842869A1.CDR
2. Using the EnerVista UR Setup program, select the Settings > Product Setup > Communications > Ethernet Switch
> Firmware Upload menu item.
The following popup screen will appear warning that the settings will be lost when the firmware is upgraded.
It is highly recommended that you save the switch settings before upgrading the firmware.
NOTE
3. After saving the settings file, proceed with the firmware upload by selecting Yes to the above warning.
Another window will open, asking you to point to the location of the firmware file to be uploaded.

4. Select the firmware file to be loaded on to the Switch, and select the Open option.
The following window will pop up, indicating that the firmware file transfer is in progress.
If the firmware load was successful, the following window will appear:
Note
The switch will automatically reboot after a successful firmware file transfer.
NOTE
5. Once the firmware has been successfully uploaded to the switch module, load the settings file using the procedure
described earlier.

3.4.6 ETHERNET SWITCH SELF-TEST ERRORS
The following table provides details about Ethernet module self-test errors.
Be sure to enable the ETHERNET SWITCH FAIL setting in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE SELF-TESTS menu
and the relevant PORT 1 EVENTS through PORT 6 EVENTS settings under the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ ETH-
ERNET SWITCH menu.
Table 3–7: ETHERNET SWITCH SELF-TEST ERRORS

ACTIVATION SETTING (SET EVENT NAME EVENT CAUSE POSSIBLE CAUSES
AS ENABLED)
ETHERNET SWITCH FAIL ETHERNET MODULE No response has been • Loss of switch power.
OFFLINE received from the Ethernet • IP/gateway/subnet.
module after five successive • Incompatibility between the CPU and
polling attempts. the switch module.
• UR port (port 7) configured incorrectly
3
or blocked
• Switch IP address assigned to another
device in the same network.
PORT 1 EVENTS to PORT 6 ETHERNET PORT 1 An active Ethernet port has • Ethernet connection broken.
EVENTS OFFLINE to ETHERNET returned a FAILED status. • An inactive port’s events have been
PORT 6 OFFLINE enabled.
No setting required; the L90 EQUIPMENT The L90 has not detected the The L90 failed to see the switch module
will read the state of a general MISMATCH: Card XXX presence of the Ethernet on power-up, because switch won’t
purpose input/output port on Missing switch via the bus board. power up or is still powering up. To clear
the main CPU upon power-up the fault, cycle power to the L90.
and create the error if there is a
conflict between the input/
output state and the order
code.


4 HUMAN INTERFACES 4.1 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE
4 HUMAN INTERFACES 4.1ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE 4.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The EnerVista UR Setup software provides a graphical user interface (GUI) as one of two human interfaces to a UR device.
The alternate human interface is implemented via the device’s faceplate keypad and display (refer to the Faceplate inter-
face section in this chapter).
The EnerVista UR Setup software provides a single facility to configure, monitor, maintain, and trouble-shoot the operation
of relay functions, connected over local or wide area communication networks. It can be used while disconnected (off-line)
or connected (on-line) to a UR device. In off-line mode, settings files can be created for eventual downloading to the device.
In on-line mode, you can communicate with the device in real-time.
The EnerVista UR Setup software, provided with every L90 relay, can be run from any computer supporting Microsoft Win-
dows® 95, 98, NT, 2000, ME, and XP. This chapter provides a summary of the basic EnerVista UR Setup software interface
features. The EnerVista UR Setup Help File provides details for getting started and using the EnerVista UR Setup software
interface.
4.1.2 CREATING A SITE LIST
To start using the EnerVista UR Setup software, a site definition and device definition must first be created. See the EnerV-
ista UR Setup Help File or refer to the Connecting EnerVista UR Setup with the L90 section in Chapter 1 for details.
4.1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP OVERVIEW

4
a) ENGAGING A DEVICE
The EnerVista UR Setup software may be used in on-line mode (relay connected) to directly communicate with the L90
relay. Communicating relays are organized and grouped by communication interfaces and into sites. Sites may contain any
number of relays selected from the UR-series of relays.
b) USING SETTINGS FILES

The EnerVista UR Setup software interface supports three ways of handling changes to relay settings:
• In off-line mode (relay disconnected) to create or edit relay settings files for later download to communicating relays.
• While connected to a communicating relay to directly modify any relay settings via relay data view windows, and then
save the settings to the relay.
• You can create/edit settings files and then write them to the relay while the interface is connected to the relay.
Settings files are organized on the basis of file names assigned by the user. A settings file contains data pertaining to the
following types of relay settings:
• Device definition
• Product setup
• System setup
• FlexLogic™
• Grouped elements
• Control elements
• Inputs/outputs
• Testing
Factory default values are supplied and can be restored after any changes.
The following communications settings are not transferred to the L90 with settings files.
Modbus Slave Address
Modbus IP Port Number
RS485 COM1 Baud Rate
RS485 COM1 Parity
COM1 Minimum Response Time

4.1 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE 4 HUMAN INTERFACES
RS485 COM2 Baud Rate

RS485 COM2 Parity
COM2 Minimum Response Time
COM2 Selection
RRTD Slave Address
RRTD Baud Rate
IP Address
IP Subnet Mask
Gateway IP Address
Ethernet Sub Module Serial Number
Network Address NSAP
IEC61850 Config GOOSE ConfRev
c) CREATING AND EDITING FLEXLOGIC™

You can create or edit a FlexLogic™ equation in order to customize the relay. You can subsequently view the automatically
generated logic diagram.
4 d) VIEWING ACTUAL VALUES

You can view real-time relay data such as input/output status and measured parameters.
e) VIEWING TRIGGERED EVENTS

While the interface is in either on-line or off-line mode, you can view and analyze data generated by triggered specified
parameters, via one of the following:
• Event Recorder facility: The event recorder captures contextual data associated with the last 1024 events, listed in
chronological order from most recent to oldest.
• Oscillography facility: The oscillography waveform traces and digital states are used to provide a visual display of
power system and relay operation data captured during specific triggered events.
f) FILE SUPPORT
• Execution: Any EnerVista UR Setup file which is double clicked or opened will launch the application, or provide focus
to the already opened application. If the file was a settings file (has a URS extension) which had been removed from
the Settings List tree menu, it will be added back to the Settings List tree menu.
• Drag and Drop: The Site List and Settings List control bar windows are each mutually a drag source and a drop target
for device-order-code-compatible files or individual menu items. Also, the Settings List control bar window and any
Windows Explorer directory folder are each mutually a file drag source and drop target.
New files which are dropped into the Settings List window are added to the tree which is automatically sorted alphabet-
ically with respect to settings file names. Files or individual menu items which are dropped in the selected device menu
in the Site List window will automatically be sent to the on-line communicating device.
g) FIRMWARE UPGRADES
The firmware of a L90 device can be upgraded, locally or remotely, via the EnerVista UR Setup software. The correspond-
ing instructions are provided by the EnerVista UR Setup Help file under the topic “Upgrading Firmware”.
Modbus addresses assigned to firmware modules, features, settings, and corresponding data items (i.e. default
values, minimum/maximum values, data type, and item size) may change slightly from version to version of firm-
NOTE
ware. The addresses are rearranged when new features are added or existing features are enhanced or modified.
The EEPROM DATA ERROR message displayed after upgrading/downgrading the firmware is a resettable, self-test
message intended to inform users that the Modbus addresses have changed with the upgraded firmware. This
message does not signal any problems when appearing after firmware upgrades.

4 HUMAN INTERFACES 4.1 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE
4.1.4 ENERVISTA UR SETUP MAIN WINDOW
The EnerVista UR Setup software main window supports the following primary display components:
1. Title bar which shows the pathname of the active data view.
2. Main window menu bar.
3. Main window tool bar.
4. Site list control bar window.
5. Settings list control bar window.
6. Device data view windows, with common tool bar.
7. Settings file data view windows, with common tool bar.
8. Workspace area with data view tabs.
9. Status bar.
10. Quick action hot links.
2 1 6 7 4
10
4
9 8 842786A2.CDR
Figure 4–1: ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE MAIN WINDOW

4.2 EXTENDED ENERVISTA UR SETUP FEATURES 4 HUMAN INTERFACES
4.2EXTENDED ENERVISTA UR SETUP FEATURES 4.2.1 SETTINGS TEMPLATES
Setting file templates simplify the configuration and commissioning of multiple relays that protect similar assets. An exam-
ple of this is a substation that has ten similar feeders protected by ten UR-series F60 relays.
In these situations, typically 90% or greater of the settings are identical between all devices. The templates feature allows
engineers to configure and test these common settings, then lock them so they are not available to users. For example,
these locked down settings can be hidden from view for field engineers, allowing them to quickly identify and concentrate
on the specific settings.
The remaining settings (typically 10% or less) can be specified as editable and be made available to field engineers install-
ing the devices. These will be settings such as protection element pickup values and CT and VT ratios.
The settings template mode allows the user to define which settings will be visible in EnerVista UR Setup. Settings tem-
plates can be applied to both settings files (settings file templates) and online devices (online settings templates). The func-
tionality is identical for both purposes.
The settings template feature requires that both the EnerVista UR Setup software and the L90 firmware are at ver-
sions 5.40 or higher.
NOTE
4 a) ENABLING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

The settings file template feature is disabled by default. The following procedure describes how to enable the settings tem-
plate for UR-series settings files.
1. Select a settings file from the offline window of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Right-click on the selected device or settings file and select the Template Mode > Create Template option.
The settings file template is now enabled and the file tree displayed in light blue. The settings file is now in template editing
mode.
Alternatively, the settings template can also be applied to online settings. The following procedure describes this process.
1. Select an installed device from the online window of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Right-click on the selected device and select the Template Mode > Create Template option.
The software will prompt for a template password. This password is required to use the template feature and must be
at least four characters in length.
3. Enter and re-enter the new password, then click OK to continue.
The online settings template is now enabled. The device is now in template editing mode.
b) EDITING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

The settings template editing feature allows the user to specify which settings are available for viewing and modification in
EnerVista UR Setup. By default, all settings except the FlexLogic™ equation editor settings are locked.
1. Select an installed device or a settings file from the tree menu on the left of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Select the Template Mode > Edit Template option to place the device in template editing mode.
3. Enter the template password then click OK.
4. Open the relevant settings windows that contain settings to be specified as viewable.

4 HUMAN INTERFACES 4.2 EXTENDED ENERVISTA UR SETUP FEATURES
By default, all settings are specified as locked and displayed against a grey background. The icon on the upper right of
the settings window will also indicate that EnerVista UR Setup is in EDIT mode. The following example shows the
phase time overcurrent settings window in edit mode.
Figure 4–2: SETTINGS TEMPLATE VIEW, ALL SETTINGS SPECIFIED AS LOCKED

5. Specify which settings to make viewable by clicking on them. 4
The setting available to view will be displayed against a yellow background as shown below.
Figure 4–3: SETTINGS TEMPLATE VIEW, TWO SETTINGS SPECIFIED AS EDITABLE

6. Click on Save to save changes to the settings template.
7. Proceed through the settings tree to specify all viewable settings.
c) ADDING PASSWORD PROTECTION TO A TEMPLATE

It is highly recommended that templates be saved with password protection to maximize security.
The following procedure describes how to add password protection to a settings file template.
1. Select a settings file from the offline window on the left of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Selecting the Template Mode > Password Protect Template option.

The software will prompt for a template password. This password must be at least four characters in length.

The settings file template is now secured with password protection.
When templates are created for online settings, the password is added during the initial template creation step. It
does not need to be added after the template is created.
NOTE
d) VIEWING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

Once all necessary settings are specified for viewing, users are able to view the settings template on the online device or
4 settings file. There are two ways to specify the settings view with the settings template feature:
• Display only those settings available for editing.
• Display all settings, with settings not available for editing greyed-out.
Use the following procedure to only display settings available for editing.
2. Apply the template by selecting the Template Mode > View In Template Mode option.
3. Enter the template password then click OK to apply the template.
Once the template has been applied, users will only be able to view and edit the settings specified by the template. The
effect of applying the template to the phase time overcurrent settings is shown below.
Phase time overcurrent window with template applied via

the Template Mode > View In Template Mode command.
The template specifies that only the Pickup and Curve
Phase time overcurrent settings window without template applied.
settings be available.
842858A1.CDR
Figure 4–4: APPLYING TEMPLATES VIA THE VIEW IN TEMPLATE MODE COMMAND

Viewing the settings in template mode also modifies the settings tree, showing only the settings categories that contain
editable settings. The effect of applying the template to a typical settings tree view is shown below.
Typical settings tree view without template applied. Typical settings tree view with template applied via
the Template Mode > View In Template Mode
command.
842860A1.CDR
Figure 4–5: APPLYING TEMPLATES VIA THE VIEW IN TEMPLATE MODE SETTINGS COMMAND
Use the following procedure to display settings available for editing and settings locked by the template. 4
2. Apply the template by selecting the Template Mode > View All Settings option.
Once the template has been applied, users will only be able to edit the settings specified by the template, but all settings
will be shown. The effect of applying the template to the phase time overcurrent settings is shown below.
Phase time overcurrent settings window without template applied. Phase time overcurrent window with template applied via
the Template Mode > View All Settings command.
842859A1.CDR
Figure 4–6: APPLYING TEMPLATES VIA THE VIEW ALL SETTINGS COMMAND
e) REMOVING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

It may be necessary at some point to remove a settings template. Once a template is removed, it cannot be reapplied and
it will be necessary to define a new settings template.
1. Select an installed device or settings file from the tree menu on the left of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Select the Template Mode > Remove Settings Template option.
3. Enter the template password and click OK to continue.

4. Verify one more time that you wish to remove the template by clicking Yes.
The EnerVista software will remove all template information and all settings will be available.
4.2.2 SECURING AND LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS
The UR allows users to secure parts or all of a FlexLogic™ equation, preventing unauthorized viewing or modification of
critical FlexLogic™ applications. This is accomplished using the settings template feature to lock individual entries within
Secured FlexLogic™ equations will remain secure when files are sent to and retrieved from any UR-series device.
a) LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION ENTRIES
4 The following procedure describes how to lock individual entries of a FlexLogic™ equation.
1. Right-click the settings file or online device and select the Template Mode > Create Template item to enable the set-
tings template feature.
2. Select the FlexLogic > FlexLogic Equation Editor settings menu item.
By default, all FlexLogic™ entries are specified as viewable and displayed against a yellow background. The icon on
the upper right of the window will also indicate that EnerVista UR Setup is in EDIT mode.
3. Specify which entries to lock by clicking on them.
The locked entries will be displayed against a grey background as shown in the example below.
Figure 4–7: LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ ENTRIES IN EDIT MODE

4. Click on Save to save and apply changes to the settings template.
5. Select the Template Mode > View In Template Mode option to view the template.
6. Apply a password to the template then click OK to secure the FlexLogic™ equation.

Once the template has been applied, users will only be able to view and edit the FlexLogic™ entries not locked by the tem-
plate. The effect of applying the template to the FlexLogic™ entries in the above procedure is shown below.
Typical FlexLogic™ entries without template applied. Typical FlexLogic™ entries locked with template via
842861A1.CDR
Figure 4–8: LOCKING FLEXLOGIC ENTRIES THROUGH SETTING TEMPLATES 4

The FlexLogic™ entries are also shown as locked in the graphical view (as shown below) and on the front panel display.
Figure 4–9: SECURED FLEXLOGIC™ IN GRAPHICAL VIEW
b) LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS TO A SERIAL NUMBER

A settings file and associated FlexLogic™ equations can also be locked to a specific UR serial number. Once the desired
FlexLogic™ entries in a settings file have been secured, use the following procedure to lock the settings file to a specific
serial number.
1. Select the settings file in the offline window.
2. Right-click on the file and select the Edit Settings File Properties item.

The following window is displayed.
Figure 4–10: TYPICAL SETTINGS FILE PROPERTIES WINDOW
4 3. Enter the serial number of the L90 device to lock to the settings file in the Serial # Lock field.
The settings file and corresponding secure FlexLogic™ equations are now locked to the L90 device specified by the serial
number.
4.2.3 SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY
A traceability feature for settings files allows the user to quickly determine if the settings in a L90 device have been
changed since the time of installation from a settings file. When a settings file is transfered to a L90 device, the date, time,
and serial number of the L90 are sent back to EnerVista UR Setup and added to the settings file on the local PC. This infor-
mation can be compared with the L90 actual values at any later date to determine if security has been compromised.
The traceability information is only included in the settings file if a complete settings file is either transferred to the L90
device or obtained from the L90 device. Any partial settings transfers by way of drag and drop do not add the traceability
information to the settings file.
1 SETTINGS FILE TRANSFERRED

TO UR-SERIES DEVICE
The serial number and last setting change date

are stored in the UR-series device.
The serial number of the UR-series device and the file transfer
date are added to the settings file when settings files
are transferred to the device.
Compare transfer dates in the settings file and the

SERIAL NUMBER AND TRANSFER DATE
2
UR-series device to determine if security
has been compromised. SENT BACK TO ENERVISTA AND
ADDED TO SETTINGS FILE. 842864A1.CDR
Figure 4–11: SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY MECHANISM

With respect to the above diagram, the traceability feature is used as follows.

1. The transfer date of a setting file written to a L90 is logged in the relay and can be viewed via EnerVista UR Setup or
the front panel display. Likewise, the transfer date of a setting file saved to a local PC is logged in EnerVista UR Setup.
2. Comparing the dates stored in the relay and on the settings file at any time in the future will indicate if any changes
have been made to the relay configuration since the settings file was saved.
a) SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY INFORMATION

The serial number and file transfer date are saved in the settings files when they sent to an L90 device.
The L90 serial number and file transfer date are included in the settings file device definition within the EnerVista UR Setup
offline window as shown in the example below.
Traceability data in settings

file device definition
4
842863A1.CDR
Figure 4–12: DEVICE DEFINITION SHOWING TRACEABILITY DATA

This information is also available in printed settings file reports as shown in the example below.
Traceability data
in settings report
842862A1.CDR
Figure 4–13: SETTINGS FILE REPORT SHOWING TRACEABILITY DATA

b) ONLINE DEVICE TRACEABILITY INFORMATION

The L90 serial number and file transfer date are available for an online device through the actual values. Select the Actual
Values > Product Info > Model Information menu item within the EnerVista UR Setup online window as shown in the
example below.
Traceability data in online

device actual values page
842865A1.CDR
Figure 4–14: TRACEABILITY DATA IN ACTUAL VALUES WINDOW

This infomormation if also available from the front panel display through the following actual values:
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ PRODUCT INFO Ö MODEL INFORMATION ÖØ SERIAL NUMBER
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ PRODUCT INFO Ö MODEL INFORMATION ÖØ LAST SETTING CHANGE
c) ADDITIONAL TRACEABILITY RULES
4 The following additional rules apply for the traceability feature

• If the user changes any settings within the settings file in the offline window, then the traceability information is
removed from the settings file.
• If the user creates a new settings file, then no traceability information is included in the settings file.
• If the user converts an existing settings file to another revision, then any existing traceability information is removed
from the settings file.
• If the user duplicates an existing settings file, then any traceability information is transferred to the duplicate settings
file.

4 HUMAN INTERFACES 4.3 FACEPLATE INTERFACE
4.3FACEPLATE INTERFACE 4.3.1 FACEPLATE
a) ENHANCED FACEPLATE
The front panel interface is one of two supported interfaces, the other interface being EnerVista UR Setup software. The
front panel interface consists of LED panels, an RS232 port, keypad, LCD display, control pushbuttons, and optional user-
programmable pushbuttons.
The faceplate is hinged to allow easy access to the removable modules.
Five column LED indicator panel
Display
Keypad
4
Front panel
RS232 port
User-programmable pushbuttons 1 to 16 842810A1.CDR

Figure 4–15: UR-SERIES ENHANCED FACEPLATE
b) STANDARD FACEPLATE
The front panel interface is one of two supported interfaces, the other interface being EnerVista UR Setup software. The
front panel interface consists of LED panels, an RS232 port, keypad, LCD display, control pushbuttons, and optional user-
programmable pushbuttons.
The faceplate is hinged to allow easy access to the removable modules. There is also a removable dust cover that fits over
the faceplate which must be removed in order to access the keypad panel. The following figure shows the horizontal
arrangement of the faceplate panels.
LED panel 1 LED panel 2 LED panel 3
Display
Front panel
RS232 port
Small user-programmable User-programmable

(control) pushbuttons 1 to 7 Keypad
pushbuttons 1 to 12
827801A7.CDR
Figure 4–16: UR-SERIES STANDARD HORIZONTAL FACEPLATE PANELS

4.3 FACEPLATE INTERFACE 4 HUMAN INTERFACES
The following figure shows the vertical arrangement of the faceplate panels for relays ordered with the vertical option.
DISPLAY
MENU 7 8 9
HELP MESSAGE 4 5 6
ESCAPE 1 2 3 KEYPAD
ENTER VALUE 0 . +/-
LED PANEL 3
4 LED PANEL 2
STATUS EVENT CAUSE

IN SERVICE VOLTAGE
TROUBLE CURRENT RESET
TEST MODE FREQUENCY
TRIP
ALARM
PICKUP
OTHER
PHASE A
PHASE B
USER 1
USER 2
LED PANEL 1
827830A1.CDR
PHASE C
NEUTRAL/GROUND USER 3
Figure 4–17: UR-SERIES STANDARD VERTICAL FACEPLATE PANELS
4.3.2 LED INDICATORS
The enhanced front panel display provides five columns of LED indicators. The first column contains 14 status and event
cause LEDs, and the next four columns contain the 48 user-programmable LEDs.
The RESET key is used to reset any latched LED indicator or target message, once the condition has been cleared (these
latched conditions can also be reset via the SETTINGS ÖØ INPUT/OUTPUTS ÖØ RESETTING menu). The RS232 port is
intended for connection to a portable PC.
The USER keys are used by the breaker control feature.
842811A1.CDR
Figure 4–18: TYPICAL LED INDICATOR PANEL FOR ENHANCED FACEPLATE

The status indicators in the first column are described below.
• IN SERVICE: This LED indicates that control power is applied, all monitored inputs, outputs, and internal systems are
OK, and that the device has been programmed.

• TROUBLE: This LED indicates that the relay has detected an internal problem.
• TEST MODE: This LED indicates that the relay is in test mode.
• TRIP: This LED indicates that the FlexLogic™ operand serving as a trip switch has operated. This indicator always
latches; as such, a reset command must be initiated to allow the latch to be reset.
• ALARM: This LED indicates that the FlexLogic™ operand serving as an alarm switch has operated. This indicator is
never latched.
• PICKUP: This LED indicates that an element is picked up. This indicator is never latched.
The event cause indicators in the first column are described below.
Events cause LEDs are turned on or off by protection elements that have their respective target setting selected as either
“Enabled” or “Latched”. If a protection element target setting is “Enabled”, then the corresponding event cause LEDs
remain on as long as operate operand associated with the element remains asserted. If a protection element target setting
is “Latched”, then the corresponding event cause LEDs turn on when the operate operand associated with the element is
asserted and remain on until the RESET button on the front panel is pressed after the operand is reset.
All elements that are able to discriminate faulted phases can independently turn off or on the phase A, B or C LEDs. This
includes phase instantaneous overcurrent, phase undervoltage, etc. This means that the phase A, B, and C operate oper-
ands for individual protection elements are ORed to turn on or off the phase A, B or C LEDs.
• VOLTAGE: This LED indicates voltage was involved. 4
• CURRENT: This LED indicates current was involved.
• FREQUENCY: This LED indicates frequency was involved.
• OTHER: This LED indicates a composite function was involved.
• PHASE A: This LED indicates phase A was involved.
• PHASE B: This LED indicates phase B was involved.
• PHASE C: This LED indicates phase C was involved.
• NEUTRAL/GROUND: This LED indicates that neutral or ground was involved.
The user-programmable LEDs consist of 48 amber LED indicators in four columns. The operation of these LEDs is user-
defined. Support for applying a customized label beside every LED is provided. Default labels are shipped in the label pack-
age of every L90, together with custom templates. The default labels can be replaced by user-printed labels.
User customization of LED operation is of maximum benefit in installations where languages other than English are used to
communicate with operators. Refer to the User-programmable LEDs section in chapter 5 for the settings used to program
the operation of the LEDs on these panels.
The standard faceplate consists of three panels with LED indicators, keys, and a communications port. The RESET key is
used to reset any latched LED indicator or target message, once the condition has been cleared (these latched conditions
can also be reset via the SETTINGS ÖØ INPUT/OUTPUTS ÖØ RESETTING menu). The RS232 port is intended for connection
to a portable PC.
The USER keys are used by the breaker control feature.
STATUS EVENT CAUSE

IN SERVICE VOLTAGE
TEST MODE FREQUENCY
TRIP OTHER USER 1
ALARM PHASE A
PICKUP PHASE B USER 2
PHASE C
NEUTRAL/GROUND USER 3
842781A1.CDR
Figure 4–19: LED PANEL 1

STATUS INDICATORS:
• IN SERVICE: Indicates that control power is applied; all monitored inputs/outputs and internal systems are OK; the
relay has been programmed.
• TROUBLE: Indicates that the relay has detected an internal problem.
• TEST MODE: Indicates that the relay is in test mode.
• TRIP: Indicates that the selected FlexLogic™ operand serving as a Trip switch has operated. This indicator always
latches; the reset command must be initiated to allow the latch to be reset.
• ALARM: Indicates that the selected FlexLogic™ operand serving as an Alarm switch has operated. This indicator is
never latched.
• PICKUP: Indicates that an element is picked up. This indicator is never latched.
EVENT CAUSE INDICATORS:
Events cause LEDs are turned on or off by protection elements that have their respective target setting selected as either
“Enabled” or “Latched”. If a protection element target setting is “Enabled”, then the corresponding event cause LEDs
remain on as long as operate operand associated with the element remains asserted. If a protection element target setting
is “Latched”, then the corresponding event cause LEDs turn on when the operate operand associated with the element is
asserted and remain on until the RESET button on the front panel is pressed after the operand is reset.
4 All elements that are able to discriminate faulted phases can independently turn off or on the phase A, B or C LEDs. This
includes phase instantaneous overcurrent, phase undervoltage, etc. This means that the phase A, B, and C operate oper-
ands for individual protection elements are ORed to turn on or off the phase A, B or C LEDs.
• VOLTAGE: Indicates voltage was involved.
• CURRENT: Indicates current was involved.
• FREQUENCY: Indicates frequency was involved.
• OTHER: Indicates a composite function was involved.
• PHASE A: Indicates phase A was involved.
• PHASE B: Indicates phase B was involved.
• PHASE C: Indicates phase C was involved.
• NEUTRAL/GROUND: Indicates that neutral or ground was involved.
USER-PROGRAMMABLE INDICATORS:
The second and third provide 48 amber LED indicators whose operation is controlled by the user. Support for applying a
customized label beside every LED is provided.
User customization of LED operation is of maximum benefit in installations where languages other than English are used to
communicate with operators. Refer to the User-programmable LEDs section in chapter 5 for the settings used to program
the operation of the LEDs on these panels.
USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS
842782A1.CDR
Figure 4–20: LED PANELS 2 AND 3 (INDEX TEMPLATE)

DEFAULT LABELS FOR LED PANEL 2:
The default labels are intended to represent:

• GROUP 1...6: The illuminated GROUP is the active settings group.

• BREAKER 1(2) OPEN: The breaker is open.
• BREAKER 1(2) CLOSED: The breaker is closed.
• BREAKER 1(2) TROUBLE: A problem related to the breaker has been detected.
• SYNCHROCHECK NO1(2) IN-SYNCH: Voltages have satisfied the synchrocheck element.
• RECLOSE ENABLED: The recloser is operational.
• RECLOSE DISABLED: The recloser is not operational.
• RECLOSE IN PROGRESS: A reclose operation is in progress.
• RECLOSE LOCKED OUT: The recloser is not operational and requires a reset.
Firmware revisions 2.9x and earlier support eight user setting groups; revisions 3.0x and higher support
six setting groups. For convenience of users using earlier firmware revisions, the relay panel shows eight
NOTE
setting groups. Please note that the LEDs, despite their default labels, are fully user-programmable.
The relay is shipped with the default label for the LED panel 2. The LEDs, however, are not pre-programmed. To match the
pre-printed label, the LED settings must be entered as shown in the User-programmable LEDs section of chapter 5. The
LEDs are fully user-programmable. The default labels can be replaced by user-printed labels for both panels as explained
in the following section. 4
842784A1.CDR
Figure 4–21: LED PANEL 2 (DEFAULT LABELS)
4.3.3 CUSTOM LABELING OF LEDS
The following procedure requires the pre-requisites listed below.
• EnerVista UR Setup software is installed and operational.
• The L90 settings have been saved to a settings file.
• The L90 front panel label cutout sheet (GE Multilin part number 1006-0047) has been downloaded from http://
www.GEindustrial.com/multilin/support/ur and printed.
• Small-bladed knife.
This procedure describes how to create custom LED labels for the enhanced front panel display.
1. Start the EnerVista UR Setup software.

2. Select the Front Panel Report item at the bottom of the menu tree for the settings file. The front panel report window
will be displayed.
4
Figure 4–22: FRONT PANEL REPORT WINDOW
3. Enter the text to appear next to each LED and above each user-programmable pushbuttons in the fields provided.
4. Feed the L90 front panel label cutout sheet into a printer and press the Print button in the front panel report window.
5. When printing is complete, fold the sheet along the perforated lines and punch out the labels.
6. Remove the L90 label insert tool from the package and bend the tabs as described in the following procedures. These
tabs will be used for removal of the default and custom LED labels.
It is important that the tool be used EXACTLY as shown below, with the printed side containing the GE part
number facing the user.
NOTE
The label package shipped with every L90 contains the three default labels shown below, the custom label template sheet,
and the label removal tool.
If the default labels are suitable for your application, insert them in the appropriate slots and program the LEDs to match
them. If you require custom labels, follow the procedures below to remove the original labels and insert the new ones.
The following procedure describes how to setup and use the label removal tool.
1. Bend the tabs at the left end of the tool upwards as shown below.

2. Bend the tab at the center of the tool tail as shown below.
The following procedure describes how to remove the LED labels from the L90 enhanced front panel and insert the custom
labels.
1. Use the knife to lift the LED label and slide the label tool underneath. Make sure the bent tabs are pointing away from
the relay.
4
2. Slide the label tool under the LED label until the tabs snap out as shown below. This will attach the label tool to the LED
label.

3. Remove the tool and attached LED label as shown below.
4. Slide the new LED label inside the pocket until the text is properly aligned with the LEDs, as shown below.
The following procedure describes how to remove the user-programmable pushbutton labels from the L90 enhanced front
panel and insert the custom labels.
1. Use the knife to lift the pushbutton label and slide the tail of the label tool underneath, as shown below. Make sure the
bent tab is pointing away from the relay.

2. Slide the label tool under the user-programmable pushbutton label until the tabs snap out as shown below. This will
attach the label tool to the user-programmable pushbutton label.
3. Remove the tool and attached user-programmable pushbutton label as shown below.
4

4. Slide the new user-programmable pushbutton label inside the pocket until the text is properly aligned with the buttons,
as shown below.
Custom labeling of an LED-only panel is facilitated through a Microsoft Word file available from the following URL:
http://www.GEindustrial.com/multilin/support/ur/
This file provides templates and instructions for creating appropriate labeling for the LED panel. The following procedures
are contained in the downloadable file. The panel templates provide relative LED locations and located example text (x)
edit boxes. The following procedure demonstrates how to install/uninstall the custom panel labeling.
1. Remove the clear Lexan Front Cover (GE Multilin part number: 1501-0014).
F60 FEEDER MANAGEMENT RELAY

R
Push in
and gently lift
up the cover.
842771A1.CDR
2. Pop out the LED module and/or the blank module with a screwdriver as shown below. Be careful not to damage the
plastic covers.
( LED MODULE ) ( BLANK MODULE )
F60
R
FEEDER MANAGEMENT RELAY
842722A1.CDR
3. Place the left side of the customized module back to the front panel frame, then snap back the right side.
4. Put the clear Lexan front cover back into place.

The following items are required to customize the L90 display module:
• Black and white or color printer (color preferred).
• Microsoft Word 97 or later software for editing the template.
• 1 each of: 8.5" x 11" white paper, exacto knife, ruler, custom display module (GE Multilin Part Number: 1516-0069),
and a custom module cover (GE Multilin Part Number: 1502-0015).
The following procedure describes how to customize the L90 display module:
1. Open the LED panel customization template with Microsoft Word. Add text in places of the LED x text placeholders on
the template(s). Delete unused place holders as required.
2. When complete, save the Word file to your local PC for future use.
3. Print the template(s) to a local printer.
4. From the printout, cut-out the Background Template from the three windows, using the cropmarks as a guide.
5. Put the Background Template on top of the custom display module (GE Multilin Part Number: 1513-0069) and snap the
clear custom module cover (GE Multilin Part Number: 1502-0015) over it and the templates.
4.3.4 DISPLAY
All messages are displayed on a 2 × 20 backlit liquid crystal display (LCD) to make them visible under poor lighting condi-
4
tions. Messages are descriptive and should not require the aid of an instruction manual for deciphering. While the keypad
and display are not actively being used, the display will default to user-defined messages. Any high priority event driven
message will automatically override the default message and appear on the display.
4.3.5 KEYPAD
Display messages are organized into pages under the following headings: actual values, settings, commands, and targets.
The MENU key navigates through these pages. Each heading page is broken down further into logical subgroups.
The MESSAGE keys navigate through the subgroups. The VALUE keys scroll increment or decrement numerical setting
values when in programming mode. These keys also scroll through alphanumeric values in the text edit mode. Alterna-
tively, values may also be entered with the numeric keypad.
The decimal key initiates and advance to the next character in text edit mode or enters a decimal point. The HELP key may
be pressed at any time for context sensitive help messages. The ENTER key stores altered setting values.
4.3.6 BREAKER CONTROL
a) INTRODUCTION
The L90 can interface with associated circuit breakers. In many cases the application monitors the state of the breaker,
which can be presented on faceplate LEDs, along with a breaker trouble indication. Breaker operations can be manually
initiated from faceplate keypad or automatically initiated from a FlexLogic™ operand. A setting is provided to assign names
to each breaker; this user-assigned name is used for the display of related flash messages. These features are provided for
two breakers; the user may use only those portions of the design relevant to a single breaker, which must be breaker 1.
For the following discussion it is assumed the SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ BREAKERS Ö BREAKER 1(2) Ö BREAKER
FUNCTION setting is "Enabled" for each breaker.
b) CONTROL MODE SELECTION AND MONITORING

Installations may require that a breaker is operated in the three-pole only mode (3-pole), or in the one and three-pole (1-
pole) mode, selected by setting. If the mode is selected as three-pole, a single input tracks the breaker open or closed posi-
tion. If the mode is selected as one-pole, all three breaker pole states must be input to the relay. These inputs must be in
agreement to indicate the position of the breaker.
For the following discussion it is assumed the SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ BREAKERS Ö BREAKER 1(2) ÖØ BREAKER
1(2) PUSH BUTTON CONTROL setting is “Enabled” for each breaker.

c) FACEPLATE (USER KEY) CONTROL

After the 30 minute interval during which command functions are permitted after a correct command password, the user
cannot open or close a breaker via the keypad. The following discussions begin from the not-permitted state.
d) CONTROL OF TWO BREAKERS

For the following example setup, the (Name) field represents the user-programmed variable name.
For this application (setup shown below), the relay is connected and programmed for both breaker 1 and breaker 2. The
USER 1 key performs the selection of which breaker is to be operated by the USER 2 and USER 3 keys. The USER 2 key
is used to manually close the breaker and the USER 3 key is used to manually open the breaker.
ENTER COMMAND This message appears when the USER 1, USER 2, or USER 3 key is pressed and a
PASSWORD COMMAND PASSWORD is required; i.e. if COMMAND PASSWORD is enabled and no com-
mands have been issued within the last 30 minutes.
Press USER 1 This message appears if the correct password is entered or if none is required. This mes-
To Select Breaker sage will be maintained for 30 seconds or until the USER 1 key is pressed again.
BKR1-(Name) SELECTED This message is displayed after the USER 1 key is pressed for the second time. Three
4 USER 2=CLS/USER 3=OP possible actions can be performed from this state within 30 seconds as per items (1), (2)
and (3) below:
(1)
USER 2 OFF/ON If the USER 2 key is pressed, this message appears for 20 seconds. If the USER 2 key is
To Close BKR1-(Name) pressed again within that time, a signal is created that can be programmed to operate an
output relay to close breaker 1.
(2)
USER 3 OFF/ON If the USER 3 key is pressed, this message appears for 20 seconds. If the USER 3 key is
To Open BKR1-(Name) pressed again within that time, a signal is created that can be programmed to operate an
output relay to open breaker 1.
(3)
BKR2-(Name) SELECTED If the USER 1 key is pressed at this step, this message appears showing that a different
USER 2=CLS/USER 3=OP breaker is selected. Three possible actions can be performed from this state as per (1),
(2) and (3). Repeatedly pressing the USER 1 key alternates between available breakers.
Pressing keys other than USER 1, 2 or 3 at any time aborts the breaker control function.
e) CONTROL OF ONE BREAKER

For this application the relay is connected and programmed for breaker 1 only. Operation for this application is identical to
that described above for two breakers.
4.3.7 MENUS
a) NAVIGATION
Press the MENU key to select the desired header display page (top-level menu). The header title appears momentarily fol-
lowed by a header display page menu item. Each press of the MENU key advances through the following main heading
pages:
• Actual values.
• Settings.
• Commands.
• Targets.
• User displays (when enabled).

b) HIERARCHY
The setting and actual value messages are arranged hierarchically. The header display pages are indicated by double
scroll bar characters (), while sub-header pages are indicated by single scroll bar characters (). The header display
pages represent the highest level of the hierarchy and the sub-header display pages fall below this level. The MESSAGE
UP and DOWN keys move within a group of headers, sub-headers, setting values, or actual values. Continually pressing
the MESSAGE RIGHT key from a header display displays specific information for the header category. Conversely, contin-
ually pressing the MESSAGE LEFT key from a setting value or actual value display returns to the header display.
HIGHEST LEVEL LOWEST LEVEL (SETTING VALUE)
SETTINGS PASSWORD ACCESS LEVEL:

PRODUCT SETUP SECURITY Restricted
SETTINGS
SYSTEM SETUP
c) EXAMPLE MENU NAVIGATION

4
ACTUAL VALUES Press the MENU key until the header for the first Actual Values page appears. This
STATUS page contains system and relay status information. Repeatedly press the MESSAGE
keys to display the other actual value headers.
Ø
SETTINGS Press the MENU key until the header for the first page of Settings appears. This page
PRODUCT SETUP contains settings to configure the relay.
Ø
SETTINGS Press the MESSAGE DOWN key to move to the next Settings page. This page con-
SYSTEM SETUP tains settings for System Setup. Repeatedly press the MESSAGE UP and DOWN
keys to display the other setting headers and then back to the first Settings page
header.
Ø
PASSWORD From the Settings page one header (Product Setup), press the MESSAGE RIGHT
SECURITY key once to display the first sub-header (Password Security).
Ø
ACCESS LEVEL: Press the MESSAGE RIGHT key once more and this will display the first setting for
Restricted Password Security. Pressing the MESSAGE DOWN key repeatedly will display the
Ø remaining setting messages for this sub-header.
PASSWORD Press the MESSAGE LEFT key once to move back to the first sub-header message.
SECURITY
Ø
DISPLAY Pressing the MESSAGE DOWN key will display the second setting sub-header asso-
PROPERTIES ciated with the Product Setup header.
Ø
FLASH MESSAGE Press the MESSAGE RIGHT key once more and this will display the first setting for
TIME: 1.0 s Display Properties.
Ø
DEFAULT MESSAGE To view the remaining settings associated with the Display Properties subheader,
INTENSITY: 25% repeatedly press the MESSAGE DOWN key. The last message appears as shown.

4.3.8 CHANGING SETTINGS
a) ENTERING NUMERICAL DATA

Each numerical setting has its own minimum, maximum, and increment value associated with it. These parameters define
what values are acceptable for a setting.
FLASH MESSAGE For example, select the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DISPLAY PROPERTIES Ö FLASH
TIME: 1.0 s MESSAGE TIME setting.
Ø
MINIMUM: 0.5 Press the HELP key to view the minimum and maximum values. Press the HELP key
MAXIMUM: 10.0 again to view the next context sensitive help message.
Two methods of editing and storing a numerical setting value are available.
• 0 to 9 and decimal point: The relay numeric keypad works the same as that of any electronic calculator. A number is
entered one digit at a time. The leftmost digit is entered first and the rightmost digit is entered last. Pressing the MES-
SAGE LEFT key or pressing the ESCAPE key, returns the original value to the display.
• VALUE keys: The VALUE UP key increments the displayed value by the step value, up to the maximum value allowed.
4 While at the maximum value, pressing the VALUE UP key again will allow the setting selection to continue upward
from the minimum value. The VALUE DOWN key decrements the displayed value by the step value, down to the mini-
mum value. While at the minimum value, pressing the VALUE DOWN key again will allow the setting selection to con-
tinue downward from the maximum value.
FLASH MESSAGE As an example, set the flash message time setting to 2.5 seconds. Press the appropriate
TIME: 2.5 s numeric keys in the sequence “2 . 5". The display message will change as the digits are
Ø being entered.
NEW SETTING Until ENTER is pressed, editing changes are not registered by the relay. Therefore, press
HAS BEEN STORED ENTER to store the new value in memory. This flash message will momentarily appear
as confirmation of the storing process. Numerical values which contain decimal places
will be rounded-off if more decimal place digits are entered than specified by the step
value.
b) ENTERING ENUMERATION DATA

Enumeration settings have data values which are part of a set, whose members are explicitly defined by a name. A set is
comprised of two or more members.
ACCESS LEVEL: For example, the selections available for ACCESS LEVEL are "Restricted", "Command",
Restricted "Setting", and "Factory Service".
Enumeration type values are changed using the VALUE keys. The VALUE UP key displays the next selection while the
VALUE DOWN key displays the previous selection.
ACCESS LEVEL: If the ACCESS LEVEL needs to be "Setting", press the VALUE keys until the proper selec-
Setting tion is displayed. Press HELP at any time for the context sensitive help messages.
Ø
NEW SETTING Changes are not registered by the relay until the ENTER key is pressed. Pressing
HAS BEEN STORED ENTER stores the new value in memory. This flash message momentarily appears as
confirmation of the storing process.
c) ENTERING ALPHANUMERIC TEXT

Text settings have data values which are fixed in length, but user-defined in character. They may be comprised of upper
case letters, lower case letters, numerals, and a selection of special characters.

There are several places where text messages may be programmed to allow the relay to be customized for specific appli-
cations. One example is the Message Scratchpad. Use the following procedure to enter alphanumeric text messages.
For example: to enter the text, “Breaker #1”.
1. Press the decimal to enter text edit mode.
2. Press the VALUE keys until the character 'B' appears; press the decimal key to advance the cursor to the next position.
3. Repeat step 2 for the remaining characters: r,e,a,k,e,r, ,#,1.
4. Press ENTER to store the text.
5. If you have any problem, press HELP to view context sensitive help. Flash messages will sequentially appear for sev-
eral seconds each. For the case of a text setting message, pressing HELP displays how to edit and store new values.
d) ACTIVATING THE RELAY
RELAY SETTINGS: When the relay is powered up, the Trouble LED will be on, the In Service LED off, and
Not Programmed this message displayed, indicating the relay is in the "Not Programmed" state and is safe-
guarding (output relays blocked) against the installation of a relay whose settings have
not been entered. This message remains until the relay is explicitly put in the "Pro-
grammed" state.
4
To change the RELAY SETTINGS: "Not Programmed" mode to "Programmed", proceed as follows:
1. Press the MENU key until the SETTINGS header flashes momentarily and the PRODUCT SETUP message appears on the
display.
2. Press the MESSAGE RIGHT key until the PASSWORD SECURITY message appears on the display.
3. Press the MESSAGE DOWN key until the INSTALLATION message appears on the display.
4. Press the MESSAGE RIGHT key until the RELAY SETTINGS: Not Programmed message is displayed.
SETTINGS
Ø
SETTINGS PASSWORD
PRODUCT SETUP SECURITY
DISPLAY
PROPERTIES
↓
INSTALLATION RELAY SETTINGS:

Not Programmed
5. After the RELAY SETTINGS: Not Programmed message appears on the display, press the VALUE keys change the
selection to "Programmed".
6. Press the ENTER key.
RELAY SETTINGS: RELAY SETTINGS: NEW SETTING

Not Programmed Programmed HAS BEEN STORED
7. When the "NEW SETTING HAS BEEN STORED" message appears, the relay will be in "Programmed" state and the
In Service LED will turn on.
e) ENTERING INITIAL PASSWORDS

The L90 supports password entry from a local or remote connection.

Local access is defined as any access to settings or commands via the faceplate interface. This includes both keypad entry
and the faceplate RS232 connection. Remote access is defined as any access to settings or commands via any rear com-
munications port. This includes both Ethernet and RS485 connections. Any changes to the local or remote passwords
enables this functionality.
To enter the initial setting (or command) password, proceed as follows:
1. Press the MENU key until the SETTINGS header flashes momentarily and the PRODUCT SETUP message appears on the
display.
2. Press the MESSAGE RIGHT key until the ACCESS LEVEL message appears on the display.
3. Press the MESSAGE DOWN key until the CHANGE LOCAL PASSWORDS message appears on the display.
4. Press the MESSAGE RIGHT key until the CHANGE SETTING PASSWORD or CHANGE COMMAND PASSWORD message
appears on the display.
PASSWORD ACCESS LEVEL:
SECURITY Restricted
CHANGE LOCAL CHANGE COMMAND
PASSWORDS PASSWORD: No
CHANGE SETTING
4 PASSWORD: No
ENCRYPTED COMMAND
PASSWORD: ---------
ENCRYPTED SETTING
PASSWORD: ---------
5. After the CHANGE...PASSWORD message appears on the display, press the VALUE UP or DOWN key to change the
selection to “Yes”.
6. Press the ENTER key and the display will prompt you to ENTER NEW PASSWORD.
7. Type in a numerical password (up to 10 characters) and press the ENTER key.
8. When the VERIFY NEW PASSWORD is displayed, re-type in the same password and press ENTER.
CHANGE SETTING
PASSWORD: No
CHANGE SETTING ENTER NEW VERIFY NEW

PASSWORD: Yes PASSWORD: ########## PASSWORD: ##########
NEW PASSWORD
HAS BEEN STORED
9. When the NEW PASSWORD HAS BEEN STORED message appears, your new Setting (or Command) Password will be
active.
f) CHANGING EXISTING PASSWORD

To change an existing password, follow the instructions in the previous section with the following exception. A message will
prompt you to type in the existing password (for each security level) before a new password can be entered.
In the event that a password has been lost (forgotten), submit the corresponding encrypted password from the PASSWORD
SECURITY menu to the Factory for decoding.
g) INVALID PASSWORD ENTRY

In the event that an incorrect Command or Setting password has been entered via the faceplate interface three times within
a three-minute time span, the LOCAL ACCESS DENIED FlexLogic™ operand will be set to “On” and the L90 will not allow
Settings or Command access via the faceplate interface for the next ten minutes. The TOO MANY ATTEMPTS – BLOCKED

FOR 10 MIN! flash message will appear upon activation of the ten minute timeout or any other time a user attempts any
change to the defined tier during the ten minute timeout. The LOCAL ACCESS DENIED FlexLogic™ operand will be set to
“Off” after the expiration of the ten-minute timeout.
In the event that an incorrect Command or Setting password has been entered via the any external communications inter-
face three times within a three-minute time span, the REMOTE ACCESS DENIED FlexLogic™ operand will be set to “On” and
the L90 will not allow Settings or Command access via the any external communications interface for the next ten minutes.
The REMOTE ACCESS DENIED FlexLogic™ operand will be set to “Off” after the expiration of the ten-minute timeout.


5 SETTINGS 5.1 OVERVIEW
5 SETTINGS 5.1OVERVIEW 5.1.1 SETTINGS MAIN MENU
SETTINGS SECURITY
See page 5-8.
PRODUCT SETUP
DISPLAY
See page 5-12.
PROPERTIES
CLEAR RELAY
See page 5-14.
RECORDS
COMMUNICATIONS
See page 5-15.

MODBUS USER MAP
See page 5-34.

REAL TIME
See page 5-35.
CLOCK
FAULT REPORTS
See page 5-36.

OSCILLOGRAPHY
See page 5-38.

DATA LOGGER
See page 5-40.

5
DEMAND
See page 5-42.

USER-PROGRAMMABLE
See page 5-43.
LEDS
USER-PROGRAMMABLE
See page 5-46.
SELF TESTS
CONTROL
See page 5-47.
PUSHBUTTONS
USER-PROGRAMMABLE
See page 5-49.
PUSHBUTTONS
FLEX STATE
See page 5-54.
PARAMETERS
USER-DEFINABLE
See page 5-55.
DISPLAYS
INSTALLATION
See page 5-57.

SETTINGS AC INPUTS
See page 5-59.
SYSTEM SETUP
POWER SYSTEM
See page 5-60.

SIGNAL SOURCES
See page 5-61.

L90 POWER SYSTEM
See page 5-64.


5.1 OVERVIEW 5 SETTINGS
BREAKERS
See page 5-69.

SWITCHES
See page 5-73.

FLEXCURVES
See page 5-76.

PHASOR MEASUREMENT
See page 5-83.
UNIT
SETTINGS FLEXLOGIC
See page 5-115.
FLEXLOGIC EQUATION EDITOR
FLEXLOGIC
See page 5-115.
TIMERS
FLEXELEMENTS
See page 5-116.

NON-VOLATILE
See page 5-120.
LATCHES
SETTINGS SETTING GROUP 1

See page 5-121.
GROUPED ELEMENTS
5 SETTING GROUP 2

↓
SETTING GROUP 6

SETTINGS TRIP BUS

See page 5-207.
CONTROL ELEMENTS
SETTING GROUPS
See page 5-209.

SELECTOR SWITCH
See page 5-210.

TRIP OUTPUT
See page 5-216.

SYNCHROCHECK
See page 5-222.

DIGITAL ELEMENTS
See page 5-226.

DIGITAL COUNTERS
See page 5-229.

MONITORING
See page 5-231.
ELEMENTS
PILOT SCHEMES
See page 5-246.


AUTORECLOSE
See page 5-249.

SETTINGS CONTACT INPUTS

See page 5-261.
INPUTS / OUTPUTS
VIRTUAL INPUTS
See page 5-263.

CONTACT OUTPUTS
See page 5-264.

VIRTUAL OUTPUTS
See page 5-266.

REMOTE DEVICES
See page 5-267.

REMOTE INPUTS
See page 5-268.

REMOTE DPS INPUTS
See page 5-269.

REMOTE OUTPUTS
See page 5-270.
DNA BIT PAIRS
REMOTE OUTPUTS
UserSt BIT PAIRS
See page 5-270.
5
DIRECT
See page 5-270.

RESETTING
See page 5-273.

IEC 61850
See page 5-273.
GOOSE ANALOGS
IEC 61850
See page 5-274.
GOOSE UINTEGERS
SETTINGS DCMA INPUTS

See page 5-275.
TRANSDUCER I/O
RTD INPUTS
See page 5-276.

DCMA OUTPUTS
See page 5-278.

SETTINGS TEST MODE

See page 5-281.
TESTING FUNCTION: Disabled
TEST MODE FORCING:
See page 5-281.
On
FORCE CONTACT
See page 5-282.
INPUTS
FORCE CONTACT
See page 5-283.
OUTPUTS

CHANNEL TESTS
See page 5-284.

PMU
See page 5-284.
TEST VALUES
5.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTS
In the design of UR relays, the term element is used to describe a feature that is based around a comparator. The compar-
ator is provided with an input (or set of inputs) that is tested against a programmed setting (or group of settings) to deter-
mine if the input is within the defined range that will set the output to logic 1, also referred to as “setting the flag”. A single
comparator may make multiple tests and provide multiple outputs; for example, the time overcurrent comparator sets a
pickup flag when the current input is above the setting and sets an operate flag when the input current has been at a level
above the pickup setting for the time specified by the time-current curve settings. All comparators use analog parameter
actual values as the input.
The exception to the above rule are the digital elements, which use logic states as inputs.
NOTE
Elements are arranged into two classes, grouped and control. Each element classed as a grouped element is provided with
six alternate sets of settings, in setting groups numbered 1 through 6. The performance of a grouped element is defined by
the setting group that is active at a given time. The performance of a control element is independent of the selected active
setting group.
The main characteristics of an element are shown on the element logic diagram. This includes the inputs, settings, fixed
logic, and the output operands generated (abbreviations used on scheme logic diagrams are defined in Appendix F).
5 Some settings for current and voltage elements are specified in per-unit (pu) calculated quantities:
pu quantity = (actual quantity) / (base quantity)
For current elements, the ‘base quantity’ is the nominal secondary or primary current of the CT.
Where the current source is the sum of two CTs with different ratios, the ‘base quantity’ will be the common secondary or
primary current to which the sum is scaled (that is, normalized to the larger of the two rated CT inputs). For example, if CT1
= 300 / 5 A and CT2 = 100 / 5 A, then in order to sum these, CT2 is scaled to the CT1 ratio. In this case, the base quantity
will be 5 A secondary or 300 A primary.
For voltage elements the ‘base quantity’ is the nominal primary voltage of the protected system which corresponds (based
on VT ratio and connection) to secondary VT voltage applied to the relay.
For example, on a system with a 13.8 kV nominal primary voltage and with 14400:120 V delta-connected VTs, the second-
ary nominal voltage (1 pu) would be:
13800
---------------- × 120 = 115 V (EQ 5.1)
14400
For Wye-connected VTs, the secondary nominal voltage (1 pu) would be:
13800
---------------- × 120
---------- = 66.4 V (EQ 5.2)
14400 3
Many settings are common to most elements and are discussed below:
• FUNCTION setting: This setting programs the element to be operational when selected as “Enabled”. The factory
default is “Disabled”. Once programmed to “Enabled”, any element associated with the function becomes active and all
options become available.
• NAME setting: This setting is used to uniquely identify the element.
• SOURCE setting: This setting is used to select the parameter or set of parameters to be monitored.
• PICKUP setting: For simple elements, this setting is used to program the level of the measured parameter above or
below which the pickup state is established. In more complex elements, a set of settings may be provided to define the
range of the measured parameters which will cause the element to pickup.

• PICKUP DELAY setting: This setting sets a time-delay-on-pickup, or on-delay, for the duration between the pickup
and operate output states.
• RESET DELAY setting: This setting is used to set a time-delay-on-dropout, or off-delay, for the duration between the
Operate output state and the return to logic 0 after the input transits outside the defined pickup range.
• BLOCK setting: The default output operand state of all comparators is a logic 0 or “flag not set”. The comparator
remains in this default state until a logic 1 is asserted at the RUN input, allowing the test to be performed. If the RUN
input changes to logic 0 at any time, the comparator returns to the default state. The RUN input is used to supervise
the comparator. The BLOCK input is used as one of the inputs to RUN control.
• TARGET setting: This setting is used to define the operation of an element target message. When set to Disabled, no
target message or illumination of a faceplate LED indicator is issued upon operation of the element. When set to Self-
Reset, the target message and LED indication follow the Operate state of the element, and self-resets once the oper-
ate element condition clears. When set to Latched, the target message and LED indication will remain visible after the
element output returns to logic 0 - until a RESET command is received by the relay.
• EVENTS setting: This setting is used to control whether the Pickup, Dropout or Operate states are recorded by the
event recorder. When set to Disabled, element pickup, dropout or operate are not recorded as events. When set to
Enabled, events are created for:
(Element) PKP (pickup)
(Element) DPO (dropout)
(Element) OP (operate)
The DPO event is created when the measure and decide comparator output transits from the pickup state (logic 1) to
the dropout state (logic 0). This could happen when the element is in the operate state if the reset delay time is not ‘0’.
5.1.3 INTRODUCTION TO AC SOURCES
a) BACKGROUND
5
The L90 may be used on systems with breaker-and-a-half or ring bus configurations.
In these applications, each of the two three-phase sets of individual phase currents (one associated with each breaker) can
be used as an input to a breaker failure element. The sum of both breaker phase currents and 3I_0 residual currents may
be required for the circuit relaying and metering functions. Two separate synchrocheck elements can be programmed to
check synchronization between two different buses VT and the line VT. These requirements can be satisfied with a single
L90, equipped with sufficient CT and VT input channels, by selecting proper parameter to measure. A mechanism is pro-
vided to specify the AC parameter (or group of parameters) used as the input to protection/control comparators and some
metering elements. Selection of the measured parameter(s) is partially performed by the design of a measuring element or
protection/control comparator by identifying the measured parameter type (fundamental frequency phasor, harmonic pha-
sor, symmetrical component, total waveform RMS magnitude, phase-phase or phase-ground voltage, etc.). The user com-
pletes the process by selecting the instrument transformer input channels to use and some parameters calculated from
these channels. The input parameters available include the summation of currents from multiple input channels. For the
summed currents of phase, 3I_0, and ground current, current from CTs with different ratios are adjusted to a single ratio
before summation. A mechanism called a “Source” configures the routing of CT and VT input channels to measurement
sub-systems.
Sources, in the context of L90 series relays, refer to the logical grouping of current and voltage signals such that one
source contains all the signals required to measure the load or fault in a particular power apparatus. A given source may
contain all or some of the following signals: three-phase currents, single-phase ground current, three-phase voltages and
an auxiliary voltages from a single-phase VT for checking for synchronism.
To illustrate the concept of Sources, as applied to current inputs only, consider the breaker-and-a-half scheme below. Some
protection elements, like breaker failure, require individual CT current as an input. Other elements, like distance, require the
sum of both current as an input. The line differential function requires the CT currents to be processed individually to cope
with a possible CT saturation of one CT during an external fault on the upper bus. The current into protected line is the pha-
sor sum (or difference) of the currents in CT1 and CT2, depending on the current distribution on the upper bus.

Figure 5–1: BREAKER-AND-A-HALF SCHEME

In conventional analog or electronic relays, the sum of the currents is obtained from an appropriate external connection of
all CTs through which any portion of the current for the element being protected could flow. Auxiliary CTs are required to
5 perform ratio matching if the ratios of the primary CTs to be summed are not identical. In the L90 relay, provisions have
been included for all the current signals to be brought to the device where grouping, CT ratio correction, and summation are
applied internally via configuration settings. Up to 4 currents can be brought into L90 relay; current summation and CT ratio
matching is performed internally. A major advantage of internal summation is that individual currents are available to the
protection device (for example, as additional information to apply a restraint current properly, or to allow the provision of
additional features that operate on the individual currents, such as breaker failure). Given the flexibility of this approach, it
becomes necessary to add configuration settings to the platform to allow the user to select which sets of CT inputs will be
added to form the net current into the protected device. The internal grouping of current and voltage signals forms an inter-
nal source. This source can be assigned a specific name and becomes available to protection and metering elements in the
relay. Individual names can be given to each source to identify them for later use. For example, in the scheme shown
above, three different sources are be configured as inputs for separate elements:
• Source 1: CT1 current, for the breaker failure 1 element and first current source for the line differential element
• Source 2: CT2 current, for breaker failure 2 element and second current source for the line differential element
• Source 3: the sum of the CT1 and CT2 currents for the distance function
In addition, two separate synchrocheck elements can be programmed to check synchronization between line voltage and
two different bus voltages (SRC3–SRC1 and SRC3–SRC2).
b) CT/VT MODULE CONFIGURATION

CT and VT input channels are contained in CT/VT modules. The type of input channel can be phase/neutral/other voltage,
phase/ground current, or sensitive ground current. The CT/VT modules calculate total waveform RMS levels, fundamental
frequency phasors, symmetrical components and harmonics for voltage or current, as allowed by the hardware in each
channel. These modules may calculate other parameters as directed by the CPU module.
A CT/VT module contains up to eight input channels, numbered 1 through 8. The channel numbering corresponds to the
module terminal numbering 1 through 8 and is arranged as follows: Channels 1, 2, 3 and 4 are always provided as a group,
hereafter called a “bank,” and all four are either current or voltage, as are channels 5, 6, 7 and 8. Channels 1, 2, 3 and 5, 6,
7 are arranged as phase A, B and C respectively. Channels 4 and 8 are either another current or voltage.

Banks are ordered sequentially from the block of lower-numbered channels to the block of higher-numbered channels, and
from the CT/VT module with the lowest slot position letter to the module with the highest slot position letter, as follows:
INCREASING SLOT POSITION LETTER -->
CT/VT MODULE 1 CT/VT MODULE 2 CT/VT MODULE 3
< bank 1 > < bank 3 > < bank 5 >
< bank 2 > < bank 4 > < bank 6 >
The UR platform allows for a maximum of three sets of three-phase voltages and six sets of three-phase currents. The
result of these restrictions leads to the maximum number of CT/VT modules in a chassis to three. The maximum number of
sources is six. A summary of CT/VT module configurations is shown below.
ITEM MAXIMUM NUMBER
CT/VT Module 2
CT Bank (3 phase channels, 1 ground channel) 8
VT Bank (3 phase channels, 1 auxiliary channel) 4
c) CT/VT INPUT CHANNEL CONFIGURATION

Upon relay startup, configuration settings for every bank of current or voltage input channels in the relay are automatically
generated from the order code. Within each bank, a channel identification label is automatically assigned to each bank of
channels in a given product. The ‘bank’ naming convention is based on the physical location of the channels, required by
the user to know how to connect the relay to external circuits. Bank identification consists of the letter designation of the slot
in which the CT/VT module is mounted as the first character, followed by numbers indicating the channel, either 1 or 5.
For three-phase channel sets, the number of the lowest numbered channel identifies the set. For example, F1 represents
the three-phase channel set of F1/F2/F3, where F is the slot letter and 1 is the first channel of the set of three channels.
Upon startup, the CPU configures the settings required to characterize the current and voltage inputs, and will display them
5
in the appropriate section in the sequence of the banks (as described above) as follows for a maximum configuration: F1,
F5, L1, L5, S1, and S5.
The above section explains how the input channels are identified and configured to the specific application instrument
transformers and the connections of these transformers. The specific parameters to be used by each measuring element
and comparator, and some actual values are controlled by selecting a specific source. The source is a group of current and
voltage input channels selected by the user to facilitate this selection. With this mechanism, a user does not have to make
multiple selections of voltage and current for those elements that need both parameters, such as a distance element or a
watt calculation. It also gathers associated parameters for display purposes.
The basic idea of arranging a source is to select a point on the power system where information is of interest. An applica-
tion example of the grouping of parameters in a source is a transformer winding, on which a three phase voltage is mea-
sured, and the sum of the currents from CTs on each of two breakers is required to measure the winding current flow.

5.2 PRODUCT SETUP 5 SETTINGS
5.2PRODUCT SETUP 5.2.1 SECURITY
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY
SECURITY ACCESS LEVEL: Range: Restricted, Command, Setting,

Restricted Factory Service (for factory use only)
CHANGE LOCAL
MESSAGE See page 5–9.
PASSWORDS
ACCESS
SUPERVISION
DUAL PERMISSION
SECURITY ACCESS
PASSWORD ACCESS Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
Two levels of password security are provided via the ACCESS LEVEL setting: command and setting. The factory service level
is not available and intended for factory use only.
The following operations are under command password supervision:
• Operating the breakers via faceplate keypad.
• Changing the state of virtual inputs.
• Clearing the event records.
5 • Clearing the oscillography records.
• Clearing fault reports.
• Changing the date and time.
• Clearing the breaker arcing current.
• Clearing energy records.
• Clearing the data logger.
• Clearing the user-programmable pushbutton states.
The following operations are under setting password supervision:
• Changing any setting.
• Test mode operation.
The command and setting passwords are defaulted to “0” when the relay is shipped from the factory. When a password is
set to “0”, the password security feature is disabled.
and the through the faceplate RS232 port. Remote access is defined as any access to settings or commands via any rear
communications port. This includes both Ethernet and RS485 connections. Any changes to the local or remote passwords
When entering a settings or command password via EnerVista or any serial interface, the user must enter the correspond-
ing connection password. If the connection is to the back of the L90, the remote password must be used. If the connection
is to the RS232 port of the faceplate, the local password must be used.
The PASSWORD ACCESS EVENTS settings allows recording of password access events in the event recorder.
The local setting and command sessions are initiated by the user through the front panel display and are disabled either by
the user or by timeout (via the setting and command level access timeout settings). The remote setting and command ses-
sions are initiated by the user through the EnerVista UR Setup software and are disabled either by the user or by timeout.

5 SETTINGS 5.2 PRODUCT SETUP
The state of the session (local or remote, setting or command) determines the state of the following FlexLogic™ operands.
• ACCESS LOC SETG OFF: Asserted when local setting access is disabled.
• ACCESS LOC SETG ON: Asserted when local setting access is enabled.
• ACCESS LOC CMND OFF: Asserted when local command access is disabled.
• ACCESS LOC CMND ON: Asserted when local command access is enabled.
• ACCESS REM SETG OFF: Asserted when remote setting access is disabled.
• ACCESS REM SETG ON: Asserted when remote setting access is enabled.
• ACCESS REM CMND OFF: Asserted when remote command access is disabled.
• ACCESS REM CMND ON: Asserted when remote command access is enabled.
The appropriate events are also logged in the Event Recorder as well. The FlexLogic™ operands and events are updated
every five seconds.
A command or setting write operation is required to update the state of all the remote and local security operands
shown above.
NOTE
b) LOCAL PASSWORDS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ CHANGE LOCAL PASSWORDS
CHANGE LOCAL CHANGE COMMAND Range: No, Yes

CHANGE SETTING Range: No, Yes
MESSAGE
PASSWORD: No
Range: 0 to 9999999999
5
ENCRYPTED COMMAND
MESSAGE Note: ---------- indicates no password
PASSWORD: ----------
ENCRYPTED SETTING Range: 0 to 9999999999
Proper password codes are required to enable each access level. A password consists of 1 to 10 numerical characters.
When a CHANGE COMMAND PASSWORD or CHANGE SETTING PASSWORD setting is programmed to “Yes” via the front panel
interface, the following message sequence is invoked:
1. ENTER NEW PASSWORD: ____________.
2. VERIFY NEW PASSWORD: ____________.
3. NEW PASSWORD HAS BEEN STORED.
To gain write access to a “Restricted” setting, program the ACCESS LEVEL setting in the main security menu to “Setting” and
then change the setting, or attempt to change the setting and follow the prompt to enter the programmed password. If the
password is correctly entered, access will be allowed. Accessibility automatically reverts to the “Restricted” level according
to the access level timeout setting values.
If an entered password is lost (or forgotten), consult the factory with the corresponding ENCRYPTED PASSWORD.
If the setting and command passwords are identical, then this one password allows access to both com-
mands and settings.
NOTE

c) REMOTE PASSWORDS
The remote password settings are only visible from a remote connection via the EnerVista UR Setup software. Select the
Settings > Product Setup > Password Security menu item to open the remote password settings window.
Figure 5–2: REMOTE PASSWORD SETTINGS WINDOW

Proper passwords are required to enable each command or setting level access. A command or setting password consists
of 1 to 10 numerical characters and are initially programmed to “0”. The following procedure describes how the set the com-
mand or setting password.
1. Enter the new password in the Enter New Password field.
2. Re-enter the password in the Confirm New Password field.
3. Click the Change button. This button will not be active until the new password matches the confirmation password.
4. If the original password is not “0”, then enter the original password in the Enter Password field and click the Send
Password to Device button.
5. The new password is accepted and a value is assigned to the ENCRYPTED PASSWORD item.
If a command or setting password is lost (or forgotten), consult the factory with the corresponding Encrypted Password
value.
d) ACCESS SUPERVISION
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ ACCESS SUPERVISION
ACCESS ACCESS LEVEL

SUPERVISION TIMEOUTS
INVALID ATTEMPTS Range: 2 to 5 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
BEFORE LOCKOUT: 3
PASSWORD LOCKOUT Range: 5 to 60 minutes in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DURATION: 5 min
The following access supervision settings are available.

• INVALID ATTEMPTS BEFORE LOCKOUT: This setting specifies the number of times an incorrect password can be
entered within a three-minute time span before lockout occurs. When lockout occurs, the LOCAL ACCESS DENIED and
REMOTE ACCESS DENIED FlexLogic™ operands are set to “On”. These operands are returned to the “Off” state upon
expiration of the lockout.
• PASSWORD LOCKOUT DURATION: This setting specifies the time that the L90 will lockout password access after
the number of invalid password entries specified by the INVALID ATTEMPS BEFORE LOCKOUT setting has occurred.
The L90 provides a means to raise an alarm upon failed password entry. Should password verification fail while accessing
a password-protected level of the relay (either settings or commands), the UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS FlexLogic™ operand is
asserted. The operand can be programmed to raise an alarm via contact outputs or communications. This feature can be
used to protect against both unauthorized and accidental access attempts.
The UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS operand is reset with the COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS ÖØ RESET UNAUTHORIZED
ALARMS command. Therefore, to apply this feature with security, the command level should be password-protected. The
operand does not generate events or targets.
If events or targets are required, the UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS operand can be assigned to a digital element programmed
with event logs or targets enabled.
The access level timeout settings are shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ ACCESS SUPERVISION Ö ACCESS LEVEL TIMEOUTS
ACCESS LEVEL COMMAND LEVEL ACCESS Range: 5 to 480 minutes in steps of 1

TIMEOUTS TIMEOUT: 5 min
SETTING LEVEL ACCESS Range: 5 to 480 minutes in steps of 1
MESSAGE
TIMEOUT: 30 min
These settings allow the user to specify the length of inactivity required before returning to the restricted access level. Note 5
that the access level will set as restricted if control power is cycled.
• COMMAND LEVEL ACCESS TIMEOUT: This setting specifies the length of inactivity (no local or remote access)
required to return to restricted access from the command password level.
• SETTING LEVEL ACCESS TIMEOUT: This setting specifies the length of inactivity (no local or remote access)
e) DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS
DUAL PERMISSION LOCAL SETTING AUTH: Range: selected FlexLogic™ operands (see below)
SECURITY ACCESS On
REMOTE SETTING AUTH: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
On
ACCESS AUTH Range: 5 to 480 minutes in steps of 1
MESSAGE
TIMEOUT: 30 min.
The dual permission security access feature provides a mechanism for customers to prevent unauthorized or unintended
upload of settings to a relay through the local or remote interfaces interface.
The following settings are available through the local (front panel) interface only.
• LOCAL SETTING AUTH: This setting is used for local (front panel or RS232 interface) setting access supervision.
Valid values for the FlexLogic™ operands are either “On” (default) or any physical “Contact Input ~~ On” value.
If this setting is “On“, then local setting access functions as normal; that is, a local setting password is required. If this
setting is any contact input on FlexLogic™ operand, then the operand must be asserted (set as on) prior to providing
the local setting password to gain setting access.
If setting access is not authorized for local operation (front panel or RS232 interface) and the user attempts to obtain
setting access, then the UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS message is displayed on the front panel.
• REMOTE SETTING AUTH: This setting is used for remote (Ethernet or RS485 interfaces) setting access supervision.

If this setting is “On” (the default setting), then remote setting access functions as normal; that is, a remote password is
required). If this setting is “Off”, then remote setting access is blocked even if the correct remote setting password is
provided. If this setting is any other FlexLogic™ operand, then the operand must be asserted (set as on) prior to pro-
viding the remote setting password to gain setting access.
• ACCESS AUTH TIMEOUT: This setting represents the timeout delay for local setting access. This setting is applicable
when the LOCAL SETTING AUTH setting is programmed to any operand except “On”. The state of the FlexLogic™ oper-
and is continuously monitored for an off-to-on transition. When this occurs, local access is permitted and the timer pro-
grammed with the ACCESS AUTH TIMEOUT setting value is started. When this timer expires, local setting access is
immediately denied. If access is permitted and an off-to-on transition of the FlexLogic™ operand is detected, the time-
out is restarted. The status of this timer is updated every 5 seconds.
The following settings are available through the remote (EnerVista UR Setup) interface only. Select the Settings > Product
Setup > Security menu item to display the security settings window.
The Remote Settings Authorization setting is used for remote (Ethernet or RS485 interfaces) setting access supervision.
required). If this setting is “Off”, then remote setting access is blocked even if the correct remote setting password is pro-
vided. If this setting is any other FlexLogic™ operand, then the operand must be asserted (set as on) prior to providing the
remote setting password to gain setting access.
5 The Access Authorization Timeout setting represents the timeout delay remote setting access. This setting is applicable
when the Remote Settings Authorization setting is programmed to any operand except “On” or “Off”. The state of the
FlexLogic™ operand is continuously monitored for an off-to-on transition. When this occurs, remote setting access is per-
mitted and the timer programmed with the Access Authorization Timeout setting value is started. When this timer
expires, remote setting access is immediately denied. If access is permitted and an off-to-on transition of the FlexLogic™
operand is detected, the timeout is restarted. The status of this timer is updated every 5 seconds.
5.2.2 DISPLAY PROPERTIES
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DISPLAY PROPERTIES
DISPLAY LANGUAGE: Range: English; English, French; English, Russian;

PROPERTIES English English, Chinese
(range dependent on order code)
FLASH MESSAGE Range: 0.5 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
TIME: 1.0 s
DEFAULT MESSAGE Range: 10 to 900 s in steps of 1
MESSAGE
TIMEOUT: 300 s
DEFAULT MESSAGE Range: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%
MESSAGE Visible only if a VFD is installed
INTENSITY: 25 %
SCREEN SAVER Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE Visible only if an LCD is installed
FEATURE: Disabled
SCREEN SAVER WAIT Range: 1 to 65535 min. in steps of 1
MESSAGE Visible only if an LCD is installed
TIME: 30 min
CURRENT CUT-OFF Range: 0.002 to 0.020 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
LEVEL: 0.020 pu
VOLTAGE CUT-OFF Range: 0.1 to 1.0 V secondary in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
LEVEL: 1.0 V

Some relay messaging characteristics can be modified to suit different situations using the display properties settings.
• LANGUAGE: This setting selects the language used to display settings, actual values, and targets. The range is
dependent on the order code of the relay.
• FLASH MESSAGE TIME: Flash messages are status, warning, error, or information messages displayed for several
seconds in response to certain key presses during setting programming. These messages override any normal mes-
sages. The duration of a flash message on the display can be changed to accommodate different reading rates.
• DEFAULT MESSAGE TIMEOUT: If the keypad is inactive for a period of time, the relay automatically reverts to a
default message. The inactivity time is modified via this setting to ensure messages remain on the screen long enough
during programming or reading of actual values.
• DEFAULT MESSAGE INTENSITY: To extend phosphor life in the vacuum fluorescent display, the brightness can be
attenuated during default message display. During keypad interrogation, the display always operates at full brightness.
• SCREEN SAVER FEATURE and SCREEN SAVER WAIT TIME: These settings are only visible if the L90 has a liquid
crystal display (LCD) and control its backlighting. When the SCREEN SAVER FEATURE is “Enabled”, the LCD backlighting
is turned off after the DEFAULT MESSAGE TIMEOUT followed by the SCREEN SAVER WAIT TIME, providing that no keys
have been pressed and no target messages are active. When a keypress occurs or a target becomes active, the LCD
backlighting is turned on.
• CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL: This setting modifies the current cut-off threshold. Very low currents (1 to 2% of the
rated value) are very susceptible to noise. Some customers prefer very low currents to display as zero, while others
prefer the current be displayed even when the value reflects noise rather than the actual signal. The L90 applies a cut-
off value to the magnitudes and angles of the measured currents. If the magnitude is below the cut-off level, it is substi-
tuted with zero. This applies to phase and ground current phasors as well as true RMS values and symmetrical compo-
nents. The cut-off operation applies to quantities used for metering, protection, and control, as well as those used by
communications protocols. Note that the cut-off level for the sensitive ground input is 10 times lower that the CURRENT
CUT-OFF LEVEL setting value. Raw current samples available via oscillography are not subject to cut-off. 5
This setting does not affect the 87L metering cutoff, which is constantly at 0.02 pu.
• VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL: This setting modifies the voltage cut-off threshold. Very low secondary voltage measure-
ments (at the fractional volt level) can be affected by noise. Some customers prefer these low voltages to be displayed
as zero, while others prefer the voltage to be displayed even when the value reflects noise rather than the actual sig-
nal. The L90 applies a cut-off value to the magnitudes and angles of the measured voltages. If the magnitude is below
the cut-off level, it is substituted with zero. This operation applies to phase and auxiliary voltages, and symmetrical
components. The cut-off operation applies to quantities used for metering, protection, and control, as well as those
used by communications protocols. Raw samples of the voltages available via oscillography are not subject cut-off.
The CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL and the VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL are used to determine the metered power cut-off levels. The
power cut-off level is calculated as shown below. For Delta connections:
3 × CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL × VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL × VT primary × CT primary-

3-phase power cut-off = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (EQ 5.3)
VT secondary
For Wye connections:
× CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL × VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL × VT primary × CT primary-
3-phase power cut-off = 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (EQ 5.4)
VT secondary
CUT-OFF LEVEL × VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL × VT primary × CT primary
per-phase power cut-off = CURRENT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- (EQ 5.5)
VT secondary
where VT primary = VT secondary × VT ratio and CT primary = CT secondary × CT ratio.
For example, given the following settings:
CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL: “0.02 pu”
VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL: “1.0 V”
PHASE CT PRIMARY: “100 A”
PHASE VT SECONDARY: “66.4 V”
PHASE VT RATIO: “208.00 : 1"
PHASE VT CONNECTION: “Delta”.

We have:
CT primary = “100 A”, and
VT primary = PHASE VT SECONDARY x PHASE VT RATIO = 66.4 V x 208 = 13811.2 V
The power cut-off is therefore:
power cut-off = (CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL × VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL × CT primary × VT primary)/VT secondary
= ( 3 × 0.02 pu × 1.0 V × 100 A × 13811.2 V) / 66.4 V
= 720.5 watts
Any calculated power value below this cut-off will not be displayed. As well, the three-phase energy data will not accumu-
late if the total power from all three phases does not exceed the power cut-off.
Lower the VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL and CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL with care as the relay accepts lower signals
as valid measurements. Unless dictated otherwise by a specific application, the default settings of “0.02
NOTE
pu” for CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL and “1.0 V” for VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL are recommended.
5.2.3 CLEAR RELAY RECORDS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ CLEAR RELAY RECORDS
CLEAR RELAY CLEAR FAULT REPORTS: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

RECORDS Off
CLEAR EVENT RECORDS: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR OSCILLOGRAPHY? Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
5 No
Range: FlexLogic™ operand
CLEAR DATA LOGGER:
MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR ARC AMPS 1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR ARC AMPS 2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR DEMAND: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR CHNL STATUS: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR ENERGY: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
RESET UNAUTH ACCESS: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
Selected records can be cleared from user-programmable conditions with FlexLogic™ operands. Assigning user-program-
mable pushbuttons to clear specific records are typical applications for these commands. Since the L90 responds to rising
edges of the configured FlexLogic™ operands, they must be asserted for at least 50 ms to take effect.
Clearing records with user-programmable operands is not protected by the command password. However, user-program-
mable pushbuttons are protected by the command password. Thus, if they are used to clear records, the user-programma-
ble pushbuttons can provide extra security if required.
For example, to assign User-Programmable Pushbutton 1 to clear demand records, the following settings should be
applied.
1. Assign the clear demand function to Pushbutton 1 by making the following change in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP
ÖØ CLEAR RELAY RECORDS menu:
CLEAR DEMAND: “PUSHBUTTON 1 ON”

2. Set the properties for User-Programmable Pushbutton 1 by making the following changes in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT
SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS Ö USER PUSHBUTTON 1 menu:
PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION: “Self-reset”
PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT TIME: “0.20 s”
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS SERIAL PORTS

See below.

NETWORK

MODBUS PROTOCOL

DNP PROTOCOL

DNP / IEC104
POINT LISTS
IEC 61850 PROTOCOL

MESSAGE
WEB SERVER
See page 5–32.
5
HTTP PROTOCOL
TFTP PROTOCOL

IEC 60870-5-104
PROTOCOL
SNTP PROTOCOL

ETHERNET SWITCH

b) SERIAL PORTS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS Ö SERIAL PORTS
SERIAL PORTS RS485 COM1 BAUD Range: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200,
RATE: 19200 28800, 33600, 38400, 57600, 115200. Only
active if CPU Type E is ordered.
RS485 COM1 PARITY: Range: None, Odd, Even
MESSAGE Only active if CPU Type E is ordered
None
RS485 COM1 RESPONSE Range: 0 to 1000 ms in steps of 10
MESSAGE Only active if CPU Type E is ordered
MIN TIME: 0 ms
RS485 COM2 BAUD Range: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200,
MESSAGE 28800, 33600, 38400, 57600, 115200
RATE: 19200
RS485 COM2 PARITY: Range: None, Odd, Even
MESSAGE
None
RS485 COM2 RESPONSE Range: 0 to 1000 ms in steps of 10
MESSAGE
MIN TIME: 0 ms

The L90 is equipped with up to three independent serial communication ports. The faceplate RS232 port is intended for
local use and is fixed at 19200 baud and no parity. The rear COM1 port type is selected when ordering: either an Ethernet
or RS485 port. The rear COM2 port is RS485. The RS485 ports have settings for baud rate and parity. It is important that
these parameters agree with the settings used on the computer or other equipment that is connected to these ports. Any of
these ports may be connected to a computer running EnerVista UR Setup. This software can download and upload setting
files, view measured parameters, and upgrade the relay firmware. A maximum of 32 relays can be daisy-chained and con-
nected to a DCS, PLC or PC using the RS485 ports.
For each RS485 port, the minimum time before the port will transmit after receiving data from a host can be
set. This feature allows operation with hosts which hold the RS485 transmitter active for some time after
NOTE
each transmission.
c) NETWORK
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ NETWORK
NETWORK IP ADDRESS: Range: Standard IP address format

0.0.0.0 Not shown if CPU Type E is ordered.
SUBNET IP MASK: Range: Standard IP address format

MESSAGE Not shown if CPU Type E is ordered.
0.0.0.0
GATEWAY IP ADDRESS: Range: Standard IP address format
0.0.0.0
OSI NETWORK Range: Select to enter the OSI NETWORK ADDRESS.
ADDRESS (NSAP)
ETHERNET OPERATION Range: Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex
5 MESSAGE
MODE: Full-Duplex Not shown if CPU Type E or N is ordered.
These messages appear only if the L90 is ordered with an Ethernet card.
The IP addresses are used with the DNP, Modbus/TCP, IEC 61580, IEC 60870-5-104, TFTP, and HTTP protocols. The
NSAP address is used with the IEC 61850 protocol over the OSI (CLNP/TP4) stack only. Each network protocol has a set-
ting for the TCP/UDP port number. These settings are used only in advanced network configurations and should normally
be left at their default values, but may be changed if required (for example, to allow access to multiple UR-series relays
behind a router). By setting a different TCP/UDP PORT NUMBER for a given protocol on each UR-series relay, the router can
map the relays to the same external IP address. The client software (EnerVista UR Setup, for example) must be configured
to use the correct port number if these settings are used.
When the NSAP address, any TCP/UDP port number, or any user map setting (when used with DNP) is changed, it
will not become active until power to the relay has been cycled (off-on).
NOTE
Do not set more than one protocol to the same TCP/UDP PORT NUMBER, as this will result in unreliable opera-
tion of those protocols.
WARNING
d) MODBUS PROTOCOL
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ MODBUS PROTOCOL
MODBUS PROTOCOL MODBUS SLAVE Range: 1 to 254 in steps of 1

ADDRESS: 254
MODBUS TCP PORT Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
NUMBER: 502
The serial communication ports utilize the Modbus protocol, unless configured for DNP or IEC 60870-5-104 operation (see
descriptions below). This allows the EnerVista UR Setup software to be used. The UR operates as a Modbus slave device
only. When using Modbus protocol on the RS232 port, the L90 will respond regardless of the MODBUS SLAVE ADDRESS pro-
grammed. For the RS485 ports each L90 must have a unique address from 1 to 254. Address 0 is the broadcast address
which all Modbus slave devices listen to. Addresses do not have to be sequential, but no two devices can have the same
address or conflicts resulting in errors will occur. Generally, each device added to the link should use the next higher
address starting at 1. Refer to Appendix B for more information on the Modbus protocol.

Changes to the MODBUS TCP PORT NUMBER setting will not take effect until the L90 is restarted.
NOTE
e) DNP PROTOCOL
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP PROTOCOL
DNP PROTOCOL DNP CHANNELS Range: see sub-menu below

DNP ADDRESS: Range: 0 to 65519 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
65519
DNP NETWORK Range: see sub-menu below
MESSAGE
CLIENT ADDRESSES
DNP TCP/UDP PORT Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
NUMBER: 20000
DNP UNSOL RESPONSE Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
FUNCTION: Disabled
DNP UNSOL RESPONSE Range: 0 to 60 s in steps of 1
MESSAGE
TIMEOUT: 5 s
DNP UNSOL RESPONSE Range: 1 to 255 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
MAX RETRIES: 10
DNP UNSOL RESPONSE Range: 0 to 65519 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DEST ADDRESS: 1
Range: 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000,
5
DNP CURRENT SCALE
MESSAGE 100000
FACTOR: 1
DNP VOLTAGE SCALE Range: 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000,
MESSAGE 100000
FACTOR: 1
DNP POWER SCALE Range: 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000,
MESSAGE 100000
FACTOR: 1
DNP ENERGY SCALE Range: 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000,
MESSAGE 100000
FACTOR: 1
DNP PF SCALE Range: 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000,
MESSAGE 100000
FACTOR: 1
DNP OTHER SCALE Range: 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000,
MESSAGE 100000
FACTOR: 1
DNP CURRENT DEFAULT Range: 0 to 100000000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DEADBAND: 30000
DNP VOLTAGE DEFAULT Range: 0 to 100000000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DEADBAND: 30000
DNP POWER DEFAULT Range: 0 to 100000000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DEADBAND: 30000
DNP ENERGY DEFAULT Range: 0 to 100000000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DEADBAND: 30000
DNP PF DEFAULT Range: 0 to 100000000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DEADBAND: 30000
DNP OTHER DEFAULT Range: 0 to 100000000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DEADBAND: 30000

DNP TIME SYNC IIN Range: 1 to 10080 min. in steps of 1

MESSAGE
PERIOD: 1440 min
DNP MESSAGE FRAGMENT Range: 30 to 2048 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
SIZE: 240
DNP OBJECT 1 Range: 1, 2
MESSAGE
DEFAULT VARIATION: 2
DNP OBJECT 2 Range: 1, 2
MESSAGE
DNP OBJECT 20 Range: 1, 2, 5, 6
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
DNP OBJECT 30 Range: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
MESSAGE
DNP OBJECT 32 Range: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7
MESSAGE
5 MESSAGE
DNP NUMBER OF PAIRED Range: 0 to 32 in steps of 1
CONTROL POINTS: 0
DNP TCP CONNECTION Range: 10 to 300 s in steps of 1
MESSAGE
TIMEOUT: 120 s
The L90 supports the Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) version 3.0. The L90 can be used as a DNP slave device con-
nected to multiple DNP masters (usually an RTU or a SCADA master station). Since the L90 maintains two sets of DNP
data change buffers and connection information, two DNP masters can actively communicate with the L90 at one time.
The IEC 60870-5-104 and DNP protocols cannot be simultaneously. When the IEC 60870-5-104 FUNCTION set-
ting is set to “Enabled”, the DNP protocol will not be operational. When this setting is changed it will not
NOTE
become active until power to the relay has been cycled (off-to-on).
The DNP Channels sub-menu is shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP PROTOCOL Ö DNP CHANNELS
DNP CHANNELS DNP CHANNEL 1 PORT: Range: NONE, COM1 - RS485, COM2 - RS485,
NETWORK FRONT PANEL - RS232, NETWORK - TCP,
NETWORK - UDP
DNP CHANNEL 2 PORT: Range: NONE, COM1 - RS485, COM2 - RS485,
MESSAGE FRONT PANEL - RS232, NETWORK - TCP,
COM2 - RS485
NETWORK - UDP
The DNP CHANNEL 1 PORT and DNP CHANNEL 2 PORT settings select the communications port assigned to the DNP protocol
for each channel. Once DNP is assigned to a serial port, the Modbus protocol is disabled on that port. Note that COM1 can
be used only in non-Ethernet UR relays. When this setting is set to “Network - TCP”, the DNP protocol can be used over
TCP/IP on channels 1 or 2. When this value is set to “Network - UDP”, the DNP protocol can be used over UDP/IP on chan-
nel 1 only. Refer to Appendix E for additional information on the DNP protocol.
Changes to the DNP CHANNEL 1 PORT and DNP CHANNEL 2 PORT settings will take effect only after power has
been cycled to the relay.
NOTE
The DNP NETWORK CLIENT ADDRESS settings can force the L90 to respond to a maximum of five specific DNP masters. The
settings in this sub-menu are shown below.

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP PROTOCOL Ö DNP NETWORK CLIENT ADDRESSES
DNP NETWORK CLIENT ADDRESS 1: Range: standard IP address

CLIENT ADDRESSES 0.0.0.0
CLIENT ADDRESS 2: Range: standard IP address
MESSAGE
0.0.0.0
MESSAGE
0.0.0.0
MESSAGE
0.0.0.0
MESSAGE
0.0.0.0
The DNP UNSOL RESPONSE FUNCTION should be “Disabled” for RS485 applications since there is no collision avoidance
mechanism. The DNP UNSOL RESPONSE TIMEOUT sets the time the L90 waits for a DNP master to confirm an unsolicited
response. The DNP UNSOL RESPONSE MAX RETRIES setting determines the number of times the L90 retransmits an unsolic-
ited response without receiving confirmation from the master; a value of “255” allows infinite re-tries. The DNP UNSOL
RESPONSE DEST ADDRESS is the DNP address to which all unsolicited responses are sent. The IP address to which unsolic-
ited responses are sent is determined by the L90 from the current TCP connection or the most recent UDP message.
The DNP scale factor settings are numbers used to scale analog input point values. These settings group the L90 analog
input data into the following types: current, voltage, power, energy, power factor, and other. Each setting represents the
scale factor for all analog input points of that type. For example, if the DNP VOLTAGE SCALE FACTOR setting is set to “1000”,
all DNP analog input points that are voltages will be returned with values 1000 times smaller (for example, a value of 72000
V on the L90 will be returned as 72). These settings are useful when analog input values must be adjusted to fit within cer-
tain ranges in DNP masters. Note that a scale factor of 0.1 is equivalent to a multiplier of 10 (that is, the value will be 10
5
times larger).
The DNP DEFAULT DEADBAND settings determine when to trigger unsolicited responses containing analog input data. These
settings group the L90 analog input data into the following types: current, voltage, power, energy, power factor, and other.
Each setting represents the default deadband value for all analog input points of that type. For example, to trigger unsolic-
ited responses from the L90 when any current values change by 15 A, the DNP CURRENT DEFAULT DEADBAND setting should
be set to “15”. Note that these settings are the deadband default values. DNP object 34 points can be used to change dead-
band values, from the default, for each individual DNP analog input point. Whenever power is removed and re-applied to
the L90, the default deadbands will be in effect.
The DNP TIME SYNC IIN PERIOD setting determines how often the Need Time Internal Indication (IIN) bit is set by the L90.
Changing this time allows the DNP master to send time synchronization commands more or less often, as required.
The DNP MESSAGE FRAGMENT SIZE setting determines the size, in bytes, at which message fragmentation occurs. Large
fragment sizes allow for more efficient throughput; smaller fragment sizes cause more application layer confirmations to be
necessary which can provide for more robust data transfer over noisy communication channels.
When the DNP data points (analog inputs and/or binary inputs) are configured for Ethernet-enabled relays,
check the “DNP Points Lists” L90 web page to view the points lists. This page can be viewed with a web
NOTE
browser by entering the L90 IP address to access the L90 “Main Menu”, then by selecting the “Device Infor-
mation Menu” > “DNP Points Lists” menu item.
The DNP OBJECT 1 DEFAULT VARIATION to DNP OBJECT 32 DEFAULT VARIATION settings allow the user to select the DNP
default variation number for object types 1, 2, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, and 32. The default variation refers to the variation
response when variation 0 is requested and/or in class 0, 1, 2, or 3 scans. Refer to the DNP implementation section in
appendix E for additional details.
The DNP binary outputs typically map one-to-one to IED data points. That is, each DNP binary output controls a single
physical or virtual control point in an IED. In the L90 relay, DNP binary outputs are mapped to virtual inputs. However, some
legacy DNP implementations use a mapping of one DNP binary output to two physical or virtual control points to support
the concept of trip/close (for circuit breakers) or raise/lower (for tap changers) using a single control point. That is, the DNP
master can operate a single point for both trip and close, or raise and lower, operations. The L90 can be configured to sup-

port paired control points, with each paired control point operating two virtual inputs. The DNP NUMBER OF PAIRED CONTROL
POINTS setting allows configuration of from 0 to 32 binary output paired controls. Points not configured as paired operate on
a one-to-one basis.
The DNP ADDRESS setting is the DNP slave address. This number identifies the L90 on a DNP communications link. Each
DNP slave should be assigned a unique address.
The DNP TCP CONNECTION TIMEOUT setting specifies a time delay for the detection of dead network TCP connections. If
there is no data traffic on a DNP TCP connection for greater than the time specified by this setting, the connection will be
aborted by the L90. This frees up the connection to be re-used by a client.
Relay power must be re-cycled after changing the DNP TCP CONNECTION TIMEOUT setting for the changes to take
effect.
NOTE
f) DNP / IEC 60870-5-104 POINT LISTS

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP / IEC104 POINT LISTS
DNP / IEC104 BINARY INPUT / MSP Range: see sub-menu below

POINT LISTS POINTS
ANALOG INPUT / MME Range: see sub-menu below
MESSAGE
POINTS
The binary and analog inputs points for the DNP protocol, or the MSP and MME points for IEC 60870-5-104 protocol, can
configured to a maximum of 256 points. The value for each point is user-programmable and can be configured by assigning
FlexLogic™ operands for binary inputs / MSP points or FlexAnalog parameters for analog inputs / MME points.
The menu for the binary input points (DNP) or MSP points (IEC 60870-5-104) is shown below.
5 PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP / IEC104 POINT LISTS Ö BINARY INPUT / MSP POINTS
BINARY INPUT / MSP Point: 0 Range: FlexLogic™ operand

POINTS Off
Point: 1 Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
↓
Point: 255 Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
Up to 256 binary input points can be configured for the DNP or IEC 60870-5-104 protocols. The points are configured by
assigning an appropriate FlexLogic™ operand. Refer to the Introduction to FlexLogic™ section in this chapter for the full
range of assignable operands.
The menu for the analog input points (DNP) or MME points (IEC 60870-5-104) is shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP / IEC104 POINT LISTS ÖØ ANALOG INPUT / MME POINTS
ANALOG INPUT / MME Point: 0 Range: any FlexAnalog parameter

POINTS Off
Point: 1 Range: any FlexAnalog parameter
MESSAGE
Off
↓
Point: 255 Range: any FlexAnalog parameter

MESSAGE
Off
Up to 256 analog input points can be configured for the DNP or IEC 60870-5-104 protocols. The analog point list is config-
ured by assigning an appropriate FlexAnalog parameter to each point. Refer to Appendix A: FlexAnalog Parameters for the
full range of assignable parameters.

The DNP / IEC 60870-5-104 point lists always begin with point 0 and end at the first “Off” value. Since DNP /
IEC 60870-5-104 point lists must be in one continuous block, any points assigned after the first “Off” point
NOTE are ignored.
Changes to the DNP / IEC 60870-5-104 point lists will not take effect until the L90 is restarted.
NOTE
g) IEC 61850 PROTOCOL

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL
IEC 61850 PROTOCOL GSSE / GOOSE

CONFIGURATION
SERVER
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION
IEC 61850 LOGICAL
MESSAGE
NODE NAME PREFIXES
MMXU DEADBANDS
MESSAGE

GGIO1 STATUS
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION
GGIO2 CONTROL
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION
MESSAGE
GGIO4 ANALOG 5
CONFIGURATION
GGIO5 UINTEGER
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION
REPORT CONTROL
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION
XCBR
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION
XSWI
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION
The L90 Line Current Differential System is provided with optional IEC 61850 communications capability.
This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. Refer to the Ordering section of chap-
ter 2 for additional details. The IEC 61850 protocol features are not available if CPU type E is ordered.
The L90 supports the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) protocol as specified by IEC 61850. MMS is supported
over two protocol stacks: TCP/IP over ethernet and TP4/CLNP (OSI) over ethernet. The L90 operates as an IEC 61850
server. The Remote inputs and outputs section in this chapter describe the peer-to-peer GSSE/GOOSE message scheme.
The GSSE/GOOSE configuration main menu is divided into two areas: transmission and reception.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION
GSSE / GOOSE TRANSMISSION

CONFIGURATION
RECEPTION
MESSAGE

The main transmission menu is shown below:

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE... Ö TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION GENERAL

GSSE
MESSAGE

FIXED GOOSE
MESSAGE

CONFIGURABLE
MESSAGE
GOOSE
The general transmission settings are shown below:

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... Ö GSSE/GOOSE... Ö TRANSMISSION Ö GENERAL
GENERAL DEFAULT GSSE/GOOSE Range: 1 to 60 s in steps of 1

UPDATE TIME: 60 s
The DEFAULT GSSE/GOOSE UPDATE TIME sets the time between GSSE or GOOSE messages when there are no remote out-
put state changes to be sent. When remote output data changes, GSSE or GOOSE messages are sent immediately. This
setting controls the steady-state heartbeat time interval.
The DEFAULT GSSE/GOOSE UPDATE TIME setting is applicable to GSSE, fixed L90 GOOSE, and configurable GOOSE.
The GSSE settings are shown below:
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... Ö GSSE/GOOSE... Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ GSEE
5 GSSE GSSE FUNCTION: Range: Enabled, Disabled
Enabled
GSSE ID: Range: 65-character ASCII string
MESSAGE
GSSEOut
DESTINATION MAC: Range: standard MAC address
MESSAGE
000000000000
These settings are applicable to GSSE only. If the fixed GOOSE function is enabled, GSSE messages are not transmitted.
The GSSE ID setting represents the IEC 61850 GSSE application ID name string sent as part of each GSSE message. This
string identifies the GSSE message to the receiving device. In L90 releases previous to 5.0x, this name string was repre-
sented by the RELAY NAME setting.
The fixed GOOSE settings are shown below:
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT... ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... Ö GSSE/GOOSE... Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ FIXED GOOSE
FIXED GOOSE GOOSE FUNCTION: Range: Enabled, Disabled

Disabled
GOOSE ID: Range: 65-character ASCII string
MESSAGE
GOOSEOut
DESTINATION MAC: Range: standard MAC address
MESSAGE
000000000000
GOOSE VLAN PRIORITY: Range: 0 to 7 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
4
GOOSE VLAN ID: Range: 0 to 4095 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
0
GOOSE ETYPE APPID: Range: 0 to 16383 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
0

These settings are applicable to fixed (DNA/UserSt) GOOSE only.

The GOOSE ID setting represents the IEC 61850 GOOSE application ID (GoID) name string sent as part of each GOOSE
message. This string identifies the GOOSE message to the receiving device. In revisions previous to 5.0x, this name string
was represented by the RELAY NAME setting.
The DESTINATION MAC setting allows the destination Ethernet MAC address to be set. This address must be a multicast
address; the least significant bit of the first byte must be set. In L90 releases previous to 5.0x, the destination Ethernet MAC
address was determined automatically by taking the sending MAC address (that is, the unique, local MAC address of the
L90) and setting the multicast bit.
The GOOSE VLAN PRIORITY setting indicates the Ethernet priority of GOOSE messages. This allows GOOSE messages to
have higher priority than other Ethernet data. The GOOSE ETYPE APPID setting allows the selection of a specific application
ID for each GOOSE sending device. This value can be left at its default if the feature is not required. Both the GOOSE VLAN
PRIORITY and GOOSE ETYPE APPID settings are required by IEC 61850.
The configurable GOOSE settings are shown below.

PATH: SETTINGS... ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... Ö GSSE... Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE 1(8)
CONFIGURABLE CONFIG GSE 1 Range: Enabled, Disabled

GOOSE 1 FUNCTION: Enabled
CONFIG GSE 1 ID: Range: 65-character ASCII string
MESSAGE
GOOSEOut_1
CONFIG GSE 1 DST MAC: Range: standard MAC address
MESSAGE
010CDC010000
CONFIG GSE 1 Range: 0 to 7 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
VLAN PRIORITY: 4 5
MESSAGE
VLAN ID: 0
MESSAGE
ETYPE APPID: 0
MESSAGE
CONFREV: 1
CONFIG GSE 1 RESTRANS Range: Aggressive, Medium, Relaxed, Heartbeat
MESSAGE
CURVE: Relaxed
CONFIG GSE 1 Range: 64 data items; each can be set to all valid MMS
MESSAGE data item references for transmitted data
DATASET ITEMS
The configurable GOOSE settings allow the L90 to be configured to transmit a number of different datasets within IEC
61850 GOOSE messages. Up to eight different configurable datasets can be configured and transmitted. This is useful for
intercommunication between L90 IEDs and devices from other manufacturers that support IEC 61850.
The configurable GOOSE feature allows for the configuration of the datasets to be transmitted or received from the L90.
The L90 supports the configuration of eight (8) transmission and reception datasets, allowing for the optimization of data
transfer between devices.
Items programmed for dataset 1 and 2 will have changes in their status transmitted as soon as the change is detected.
Datasets 1 and 2 should be used for high-speed transmission of data that is required for applications such as transfer trip-
ping, blocking, and breaker fail initiate. At least one digital status value needs to be configured in the required dataset to
enable transmission of configured data. Configuring analog data only to dataset 1 or 2 will not activate transmission.
Items programmed for datasets 3 through 8 will have changes in their status transmitted at a maximum rate of every
100 ms. Datasets 3 through 8 will regularly analyze each data item configured within them every 100 ms to identify if any
changes have been made. If any changes in the data items are detected, these changes will be transmitted through a
GOOSE message. If there are no changes detected during this 100 ms period, no GOOSE message will be sent.
For all datasets 1 through 8, the integrity GOOSE message will still continue to be sent at the pre-configured rate even if no
changes in the data items are detected.

The GOOSE functionality was enhanced to prevent the relay from flooding a communications network with GOOSE mes-
sages due to an oscillation being created that is triggering a message.
The L90 has the ability of detecting if a data item in one of the GOOSE datasets is erroneously oscillating. This can be
caused by events such as errors in logic programming, inputs improperly being asserted and de-asserted, or failed station
components. If erroneously oscillation is detected, the L90 will stop sending GOOSE messages from the dataset for a min-
imum period of one second. Should the oscillation persist after the one second time-out period, the L90 will continue to
block transmission of the dataset. The L90 will assert the MAINTENANCE ALERT: GGIO Ind XXX oscill self-test error mes-
sage on the front panel display, where XXX denotes the data item detected as oscillating.
For versions 5.70 and higher, the L90 supports four retransmission schemes: aggressive, medium, relaxed, and heartbeat.
The aggressive scheme is only supported in fast type 1A GOOSE messages (GOOSEOut 1 and GOOSEOut 2). For slow
GOOSE messages (GOOSEOut 3 to GOOSEOut 8) the aggressive scheme is the same as the medium scheme.
The details about each scheme are shown in the following table.
Table 5–1: GOOSE RETRANSMISSION SCHEMES

SCHEME SQ NUM TIME FROM THE TIME BETWEEN COMMENT TIME ALLOWED TO LIVE
EVENT MESSAGES IN MESSAGE
Aggressive 0 0 ms 0 ms Event 2000 ms
1 4 ms 4 ms T1 2000 ms
2 8 ms 4 ms T1 2000 ms
3 16 ms 8 ms T2 Heartbeat * 4, 5
4 Heartbeat Heartbeat T0 Heartbeat * 4, 5
Medium 0 0 ms 0 ms Event 2000 ms
5 1 16 ms 16 ms T1 2000 ms
2 32 ms 16 ms T1 2000 ms
Relaxed 0 0 ms 0 ms Event 2000 ms
1 100 ms 100 ms T1 2000 ms
2 200 ms 100 ms T1 2000 ms
Heartbeat 0 0 ms 0 ms Event 2000 ms
1 Heartbeat Heartbeat T1 2000 ms
2 Heartbeat Heartbeat T1 2000 ms
The configurable GOOSE feature is recommended for applications that require GOOSE data transfer between UR-series
IEDs and devices from other manufacturers. Fixed GOOSE is recommended for applications that require GOOSE data
transfer between UR-series IEDs.
IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be correct to achieve the
successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the transmission and reception devices are an exact
match in terms of data structure, and that the GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly. Manual configuration is
possible, but third-party substation configuration software may be used to automate the process. The EnerVista UR Setup
software can produce IEC 61850 ICD files and import IEC 61850 SCD files produced by a substation configurator (refer to
the IEC 61850 IED configuration section later in this appendix).
The following example illustrates the configuration required to transfer IEC 61850 data items between two devices. The
general steps required for transmission configuration are:

1. Configure the transmission dataset.

2. Configure the GOOSE service settings.
3. Configure the data.
The general steps required for reception configuration are:
1. Configure the reception dataset.
This example shows how to configure the transmission and reception of three IEC 61850 data items: a single point status
value, its associated quality flags, and a floating point analog value.
The following procedure illustrates the transmission configuration.
1. Configure the transmission dataset by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION ÖØ
IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE Ö CONFIGURABLE
GOOSE 1 ÖØ CONFIG GSE 1 DATASET ITEMS settings menu:
– Set ITEM 1 to “GGIO1.ST.Ind1.q” to indicate quality flags for GGIO1 status indication 1.
– Set ITEM 2 to “GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal” to indicate the status value for GGIO1 status indication 1.
The transmission dataset now contains a set of quality flags and a single point status Boolean value. The reception
dataset on the receiving device must exactly match this structure.
2. Configure the GOOSE service settings by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION
ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE Ö CONFIGU-
RABLE GOOSE 1 settings menu:
– Set CONFIG GSE 1 FUNCTION to “Enabled”.

5
– Set CONFIG GSE 1 ID to an appropriate descriptive string (the default value is “GOOSEOut_1”).
– Set CONFIG GSE 1 DST MAC to a multicast address (for example, 01 00 00 12 34 56).
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 VLAN PRIORITY; the default value of “4” is OK for this example.
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 VLAN ID value; the default value is “0”, but some switches may require this value to be “1”.
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 ETYPE APPID value. This setting represents the ETHERTYPE application ID and must match
the configuration on the receiver (the default value is “0”).
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 CONFREV value. This value changes automatically as described in IEC 61850 part 7-2. For
this example it can be left at its default value.
3. Configure the data by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTO-
COL Ö GGIO1 STATUS CONFIGURATION settings menu:
– Set GGIO1 INDICATION 1 to a FlexLogic™ operand used to provide the status of GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal (for example,
a contact input, virtual input, a protection element status, etc.).
The L90 must be rebooted (control power removed and re-applied) before these settings take effect.
The following procedure illustrates the reception configuration.
1. Configure the reception dataset by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION ÖØ IEC
61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION ÖØ RECEPTION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE Ö CONFIGURABLE GOOSE
1 ÖØ CONFIG GSE 1 DATASET ITEMS settings menu:
The reception dataset now contains a set of quality flags, a single point status Boolean value, and a floating point ana-
log value. This matches the transmission dataset configuration above.
2. Configure the GOOSE service settings by making the following changes in the INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE DEVICES
ÖØ REMOTE DEVICE 1 settings menu:
– Set REMOTE DEVICE 1 ID to match the GOOSE ID string for the transmitting device. Enter “GOOSEOut_1”.

– Set REMOTE DEVICE 1 ETYPE APPID to match the ETHERTYPE application ID from the transmitting device. This is
“0” in the example above.
– Set the REMOTE DEVICE 1 DATASET value. This value represents the dataset number in use. Since we are using
configurable GOOSE 1 in this example, program this value as “GOOSEIn 1”.
3. Configure the data by making the following changes in the INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE INPUTS ÖØ REMOTE INPUT 1
settings menu:
– Set REMOTE IN 1 DEVICE to “GOOSEOut_1”.
– Set REMOTE IN 1 ITEM to “Dataset Item 2”. This assigns the value of the GGIO3.ST.Ind1.stVal single point status
item to remote input 1.
Remote input 1 can now be used in FlexLogic™ equations or other settings. The L90 must be rebooted (control power
removed and re-applied) before these settings take effect.
The value of remote input 1 (Boolean on or off) in the receiving device will be determined by the GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal value
in the sending device. The above settings will be automatically populated by the EnerVista UR Setup software when a com-
plete SCD file is created by third party substation configurator software.
For intercommunication between L90 IEDs, the fixed (DNA/UserSt) dataset can be used. The DNA/UserSt dataset contains
the same DNA and UserSt bit pairs that are included in GSSE messages. All GOOSE messages transmitted by the L90
(DNA/UserSt dataset and configurable datasets) use the IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging services (for example, VLAN sup-
port).
Set the CONFIG GSE 1 FUNCTION function to “Disabled” when configuration changes are required. Once changes are
entered, return the CONFIG GSE 1 FUNCTION to “Enabled” and restart the unit for changes to take effect.
NOTE
PATH:...TRANSMISSION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE 1(8) ÖØ CONIFIG GSE 1(64) DATA TIMES Ö ITEM 1(64)
5 CONFIG GSE 1 ITEM 1: Range: all valid MMS data item references for
DATASET ITEMS GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal transmitted data
To create a configurable GOOSE dataset that contains an IEC 61850 Single Point Status indication and its associated qual-
ity flags, the following dataset items can be selected: “GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal” and “GGIO1.ST.Ind1.q”. The L90 will then cre-
ate a dataset containing these two data items. The status value for GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal is determined by the FlexLogic™
operand assigned to GGIO1 indication 1. Changes to this operand will result in the transmission of GOOSE messages con-
taining the defined dataset.
The main reception menu is applicable to configurable GOOSE only and contains the configurable GOOSE dataset items
for reception:
PATH:...RECEPTION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE 1(8) ÖØ CONIFIG GSE 1(64) DATA ITEMS
CONFIG GSE 1 ITEM 1: Range: all valid MMS data item references for
DATASET ITEMS GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal transmitted data
The configurable GOOSE settings allow the L90 to be configured to receive a number of different datasets within IEC
61850 GOOSE messages. Up to eight different configurable datasets can be configured for reception. This is useful for
intercommunication between L90 IEDs and devices from other manufacturers that support IEC 61850.
For intercommunication between L90 IEDs, the fixed (DNA/UserSt) dataset can be used. The DNA/UserSt dataset contains
the same DNA and UserSt bit pairs that are included in GSSE messages.
To set up a L90 to receive a configurable GOOSE dataset that contains two IEC 61850 single point status indications, the
following dataset items can be selected (for example, for configurable GOOSE dataset 1): “GGIO3.ST.Ind1.stVal” and
“GGIO3.ST.Ind2.stVal”. The L90 will then create a dataset containing these two data items. The Boolean status values from
these data items can be utilized as remote input FlexLogic™ operands. First, the REMOTE DEVICE 1(16) DATASET setting
must be set to contain dataset “GOOSEIn 1” (that is, the first configurable dataset). Then REMOTE IN 1(16) ITEM settings
must be set to “Dataset Item 1” and “Dataset Item 2”. These remote input FlexLogic™ operands will then change state in
accordance with the status values of the data items in the configured dataset.
Floating point analog values originating from MMXU logical nodes may be included in GOOSE datasets. Deadband (non-
instantaneous) values can be transmitted. Received values are used to populate the GGIO3.XM.AnIn1 and higher items.
Received values are also available as FlexAnalog parameters (GOOSE analog In1 and up).

The main menu for the IEC 61850 server configuration is shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL ÖØ SERVER CONFIGURATION
SERVER IED NAME: IECDevice Range: up to 32 alphanumeric characters

CONFIGURATION
LD INST: LDInst Range: up to 32 alphanumeric characters

MESSAGE
LOCATION: Location Range: up to 80 alphanumeric characters

MESSAGE
IEC/MMS TCP PORT Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1

MESSAGE
NUMBER: 102
INCLUDE NON-IEC Range: Disabled, Enabled

MESSAGE
DATA: Enabled
SERVER SCANNING: Range: Disabled, Enabled

MESSAGE
Disabled
The IED NAME and LD INST settings represent the MMS domain name (IEC 61850 logical device) where all IEC/MMS logical
nodes are located. Valid characters for these values are upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and the underscore (_)
character, and the first character in the string must be a letter. This conforms to the IEC 61850 standard. The LOCATION is a
variable string and can be composed of ASCII characters. This string appears within the PhyName of the LPHD node.
The IEC/MMS TCP PORT NUMBER setting allows the user to change the TCP port number for MMS connections. The INCLUDE
NON-IEC DATA setting determines whether or not the “UR” MMS domain will be available. This domain contains a large num-
ber of UR-series specific data items that are not available in the IEC 61850 logical nodes. This data does not follow the IEC 5
61850 naming conventions. For communications schemes that strictly follow the IEC 61850 standard, this setting should be
“Disabled”.
The SERVER SCANNING feature should be set to “Disabled” when IEC 61850 client/server functionality is not required. IEC
61850 has two modes of functionality: GOOSE/GSSE inter-device communication and client/server communication. If the
GOOSE/GSSE functionality is required without the IEC 61850 client server feature, then server scanning can be disabled
to increase CPU resources. When server scanning is disabled, there will be not updated to the IEC 61850 logical node sta-
tus values in the L90. Clients will still be able to connect to the server (L90 relay), but most data values will not be updated.
This setting does not affect GOOSE/GSSE operation.
Changes to the IED NAME setting, LD INST setting, and GOOSE dataset will not take effect until the L90 is restarted.
NOTE
The main menu for the IEC 61850 logical node name prefixes is shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... ÖØ IEC 61850 LOGICAL NODE NAME PREFIXES
IEC 61850 LOGICAL PIOC LOGICAL NODE

NODE NAME PREFIXES NAME PREFIXES
PTOC LOGICAL NODE

MESSAGE
NAME PREFIXES
↓
PTRC LOGICAL NODE

MESSAGE
NAME PREFIXES
The IEC 61850 logical node name prefix settings are used to create name prefixes to uniquely identify each logical node.
For example, the logical node “PTOC1” may have the name prefix “abc”. The full logical node name will then be
“abcMMXU1”. Valid characters for the logical node name prefixes are upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and the
underscore (_) character, and the first character in the prefix must be a letter. This conforms to the IEC 61850 standard.
Changes to the logical node prefixes will not take effect until the L90 is restarted.

The main menu for the IEC 61850 MMXU deadbands is shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL ÖØ MMXU DEADBANDS
MMXU DEADBANDS MMXU1 DEADBANDS

MMXU2 DEADBANDS
MESSAGE

MMXU3 DEADBANDS
MESSAGE

MMXU4 DEADBANDS
MESSAGE

The MMXU deadband settings represent the deadband values used to determine when the update the MMXU “mag” and
“cVal” values from the associated “instmag” and “instcVal” values. The “mag” and “cVal” values are used for the IEC 61850
buffered and unbuffered reports. These settings correspond to the associated “db” data items in the CF functional con-
straint of the MMXU logical node, as per the IEC 61850 standard. According to IEC 61850-7-3, the db value “shall repre-
sent the percentage of difference between the maximum and minimum in units of 0.001%”. Thus, it is important to know the
maximum value for each MMXU measured quantity, since this represents the 100.00% value for the deadband.
The minimum value for all quantities is 0; the maximum values are as follows:
• phase current: 46 × phase CT primary setting
• neutral current: 46 × ground CT primary setting
• voltage: 275 × VT ratio setting
5 • power (real, reactive, and apparent): 46 × phase CT primary setting × 275 × VT ratio setting
• frequency: 90 Hz
• power factor: 2
The GGIO1 status configuration points are shown below:
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... ÖØ GGIO1 STATUS CONFIGURATION
GGIO1 STATUS NUMBER OF STATUS Range: 8 to 128 in steps of 8

CONFIGURATION POINTS IN GGIO1: 8
GGIO1 INDICATION 1 Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off

MESSAGE
Off
↓

MESSAGE
Off
The NUMBER OF STATUS POINTS IN GGIO1 setting specifies the number of “Ind” (single point status indications) that are
instantiated in the GGIO1 logical node. Changes to the NUMBER OF STATUS POINTS IN GGIO1 setting will not take effect until
the L90 is restarted.
The GGIO2 control configuration points are shown below:
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... ÖØ GGIO2 CONTROL... Ö GGIO2 CF SPSCO 1(64)
GGIO2 CF SPCSO 1 GGIO2 CF SPCSO 1 Range: 0, 1, or 2

CTLMODEL: 1
The GGIO2 control configuration settings are used to set the control model for each input. The available choices are “0”
(status only), “1” (direct control), and “2” (SBO with normal security). The GGIO2 control points are used to control the L90
virtual inputs.

The GGIO4 analog configuration points are shown below:

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... ÖØ GGIO4 ANALOG CONFIGURATION
GGIO4 ANALOG NUMBER OF ANALOG Range: 4 to 32 in steps of 4

CONFIGURATION POINTS IN GGIO4: 8
GGIO4 ANALOG 1
MESSAGE
MEASURED VALUE
GGIO4 ANALOG 2
MESSAGE
MEASURED VALUE
↓
GGIO4 ANALOG 32
MESSAGE
MEASURED VALUE
The NUMBER OF ANALOG POINTS setting determines how many analog data points will exist in GGIO4. When this value is
changed, the L90 must be rebooted in order to allow the GGIO4 logical node to be re-instantiated and contain the newly
configured number of analog points.
The measured value settings for each of the 32 analog values are shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT... ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... ÖØ GGIO4... Ö GGIO4 ANALOG 1(32) MEASURED VALUE
GGIO4 ANALOG 1 ANALOG IN 1 VALUE: Range: any FlexAnalog value

MEASURED VALUE Off
ANALOG IN 1 DB: Range: 0.000 to 100.000 in steps of 0.001

MESSAGE
0.000 5
ANALOG IN 1 MIN: Range: –1000000000.000 to 1000000000.000 in steps
MESSAGE of 0.001
0.000
ANALOG IN 1 MAX: Range: –1000000000.000 to 1000000000.000 in steps

MESSAGE of 0.001
0.000
These settings are configured as follows.

• ANALOG IN 1 VALUE: This setting selects the FlexAnalog value to drive the instantaneous value of each GGIO4 ana-
log status value (GGIO4.MX.AnIn1.instMag.f).
• ANALOG IN 1 DB: This setting specifies the deadband for each analog value. Refer to IEC 61850-7-1 and 61850-7-3
for details. The deadband is used to determine when to update the deadbanded magnitude from the instantaneous
magnitude. The deadband is a percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum values.
• ANALOG IN 1 MIN: This setting specifies the minimum value for each analog value. Refer to IEC 61850-7-1 and
61850-7-3 for details. This minimum value is used to determine the deadband. The deadband is used in the determina-
tion of the deadbanded magnitude from the instantaneous magnitude.
• ANALOG IN 1 MAX: This setting defines the maximum value for each analog value. Refer to IEC 61850-7-1 and
61850-7-3 for details. This maximum value is used to determine the deadband. The deadband is used in the determi-
nation of the deadbanded magnitude from the instantaneous magnitude.
Note that the ANALOG IN 1 MIN and ANALOG IN 1 MAX settings are stored as IEEE 754 / IEC 60559 floating point
numbers. Because of the large range of these settings, not all values can be stored. Some values may be rounded
NOTE to the closest possible floating point number.

The GGIO5 integer configuration points are shown below:

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... ÖØ GGIO5 ANALOG CONFIGURATION
GGIO5 UINTEGER GGIO5 UINT In 1: Range: Off, any FlexInteger parameter

CONFIGURATION Off
GGIO5 UINT In 2: Range: Off, any FlexInteger parameter

MESSAGE
Off
↓
GGIO5 UINT 1n 16: Range: Off, any FlexInteger parameter

MESSAGE
Off
The GGIO5 logical node allows IEC 61850 client access to integer data values. This allows access to as many as 16
unsigned integer value points, associated timestamps, and quality flags. The method of configuration is similar to that of
GGIO1 (binary status values). The settings allow the selection of FlexInteger™ values for each GGIO5 integer value point.
It is intended that clients use GGIO5 to access generic integer values from the L90. Additional settings are provided to
allow the selection of the number of integer values available in GGIO5 (1 to 16), and to assign FlexInteger™ values to the
GGIO5 integer inputs. The following setting is available for all GGIO5 configuration points.
• GGIO5 UINT IN 1 VALUE: This setting selects the FlexInteger™ value to drive each GGIO5 integer status value
(GGIO5.ST.UIntIn1). This setting is stored as an 32-bit unsigned integer value.
The report control configuration settings are shown below:
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850... ÖØ REPORT... Ö REPORT 1(6) CONFIGURATION
REPORT 1
5 CONFIGURATION
REPORT 1
RptID:
Range: up to 66 alphanumeric characters
REPORT 1 Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1

MESSAGE
OptFlds: 0

MESSAGE
BufTm: 0

MESSAGE
TrgOps: 0

MESSAGE
IntgPd: 0
Changes to the report configuration will not take effect until the L90 is restarted.
Please disconnect any IEC 61850 client connection to the L90 prior to making setting changes to the report config-
uration. Disconnecting the rear Ethernet connection from the L90 will disconnect the IEC 61850 client connection.
NOTE

The breaker configuration settings are shown below. Changes to these values will not take effect until the UR is restarted:
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL ÖØ XCBR CONFIGURATION
XCBR XCBR1 ST.LOC OPERAND Range: FlexLogic™ operand

CONFIGURATION Off
XCBR2 ST.LOC OPERAND Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
↓
XCBR6 ST.LOC OPERAND Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR XCBR1 OpCnt: Range: No, Yes

MESSAGE
No

MESSAGE
No
↓

MESSAGE
No
The CLEAR XCBR1 OpCnt setting represents the breaker operating counter. As breakers operate by opening and closing, the
XCBR operating counter status attribute (OpCnt) increments with every operation. Frequent breaker operation may result
in very large OpCnt values over time. This setting allows the OpCnt to be reset to “0” for XCBR1.
The disconnect switch configuration settings are shown below. Changes to these values will not take effect until the UR is 5
restarted:
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL ÖØ XSWI CONFIGURATION
XSWI XSWI1 ST.LOC OPERAND Range: FlexLogic™ operand

CONFIGURATION Off
XSWI2 ST.LOC OPERAND Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
↓
XSWI24 ST.LOC OPERAND Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
CLEAR XSWI1 OpCnt: Range: No, Yes

MESSAGE
No

MESSAGE
No
↓

MESSAGE
No
The CLEAR XSWI1 OpCnt setting represents the disconnect switch operating counter. As disconnect switches operate by
opening and closing, the XSWI operating counter status attribute (OpCnt) increments with every operation. Frequent switch
operation may result in very large OpCnt values over time. This setting allows the OpCnt to be reset to “0” for XSWI1.
Since GSSE/GOOSE messages are multicast Ethernet by specification, they will not usually be forwarded by net-
work routers. However, GOOSE messages may be fowarded by routers if the router has been configured for VLAN
NOTE functionality.

h) WEB SERVER HTTP PROTOCOL

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ WEB SERVER HTTP PROTOCOL
WEB SERVER HTTP TCP PORT Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1

HTTP PROTOCOL NUMBER: 80
The L90 contains an embedded web server and is capable of transferring web pages to a web browser such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox. This feature is available only if the L90 has the ethernet option installed. The web
pages are organized as a series of menus that can be accessed starting at the L90 “Main Menu”. Web pages are available
showing DNP and IEC 60870-5-104 points lists, Modbus registers, event records, fault reports, etc. The web pages can be
accessed by connecting the UR and a computer to an ethernet network. The main menu will be displayed in the web
browser on the computer simply by entering the IP address of the L90 into the “Address” box on the web browser.
i) TFTP PROTOCOL
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ TFTP PROTOCOL
TFTP PROTOCOL TFTP MAIN UDP PORT Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1

NUMBER: 69
TFTP DATA UDP PORT 1 Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
NUMBER: 0
TFTP DATA UDP PORT 2 Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
NUMBER: 0
The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) can be used to transfer files from the L90 over a network. The L90 operates as a
TFTP server. TFTP client software is available from various sources, including Microsoft Windows NT. The dir.txt file
5 obtained from the L90 contains a list and description of all available files (event records, oscillography, etc.).
j) IEC 60870-5-104 PROTOCOL

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 60870-5-104 PROTOCOL
IEC 60870-5-104 IEC 60870-5-104 Range: Enabled, Disabled

PROTOCOL FUNCTION: Disabled
IEC TCP PORT Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
NUMBER: 2404
IEC NETWORK
MESSAGE
CLIENT ADDRESSES
IEC COMMON ADDRESS Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
OF ASDU: 0
IEC CYCLIC DATA Range: 1 to 65535 s in steps of 1
MESSAGE
PERIOD: 60 s
IEC CURRENT DEFAULT Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 30000
IEC VOLTAGE DEFAULT Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 30000
IEC POWER DEFAULT Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 30000
IEC ENERGY DEFAULT Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 30000
IEC OTHER DEFAULT Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 30000

The L90 supports the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. The L90 can be used as an IEC 60870-5-104 slave device connected to a
maximum of two masters (usually either an RTU or a SCADA master station). Since the L90 maintains two sets of IEC
60870-5-104 data change buffers, no more than two masters should actively communicate with the L90 at one time.
The IEC ------- DEFAULT THRESHOLD settings are used to determine when to trigger spontaneous responses containing
M_ME_NC_1 analog data. These settings group the L90 analog data into types: current, voltage, power, energy, and other.
Each setting represents the default threshold value for all M_ME_NC_1 analog points of that type. For example, to trigger
spontaneous responses from the L90 when any current values change by 15 A, the IEC CURRENT DEFAULT THRESHOLD set-
ting should be set to 15. Note that these settings are the default values of the deadbands. P_ME_NC_1 (parameter of mea-
sured value, short floating point value) points can be used to change threshold values, from the default, for each individual
M_ME_NC_1 analog point. Whenever power is removed and re-applied to the L90, the default thresholds will be in effect.
The IEC 60870-5-104 and DNP protocols cannot be used simultaneously. When the IEC 60870-5-104 FUNCTION
setting is set to “Enabled”, the DNP protocol will not be operational. When this setting is changed it will not
NOTE
become active until power to the relay has been cycled (off-to-on).
k) SNTP PROTOCOL
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ SNTP PROTOCOL
SNTP PROTOCOL SNTP FUNCTION: Range: Enabled, Disabled

Disabled
SNTP SERVER IP ADDR: Range: Standard IP address format
MESSAGE
0.0.0.0
SNTP UDP PORT Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
NUMBER: 123
The L90 supports the Simple Network Time Protocol specified in RFC-2030. With SNTP, the L90 can obtain clock time over 5
an Ethernet network. The L90 acts as an SNTP client to receive time values from an SNTP/NTP server, usually a dedicated
product using a GPS receiver to provide an accurate time. Both unicast and broadcast SNTP are supported.
If SNTP functionality is enabled at the same time as IRIG-B, the IRIG-B signal provides the time value to the L90 clock for
as long as a valid signal is present. If the IRIG-B signal is removed, the time obtained from the SNTP server is used. If
either SNTP or IRIG-B is enabled, the L90 clock value cannot be changed using the front panel keypad.
To use SNTP in unicast mode, SNTP SERVER IP ADDR must be set to the SNTP/NTP server IP address. Once this address is
set and SNTP FUNCTION is “Enabled”, the L90 attempts to obtain time values from the SNTP/NTP server. Since many time
values are obtained and averaged, it generally takes three to four minutes until the L90 clock is closely synchronized with
the SNTP/NTP server. It may take up to two minutes for the L90 to signal an SNTP self-test error if the server is offline.
To use SNTP in broadcast mode, set the SNTP SERVER IP ADDR setting to “0.0.0.0” and SNTP FUNCTION to “Enabled”. The
L90 then listens to SNTP messages sent to the “all ones” broadcast address for the subnet. The L90 waits up to eighteen
minutes (>1024 seconds) without receiving an SNTP broadcast message before signaling an SNTP self-test error.
The UR-series relays do not support the multicast or anycast SNTP functionality.

l) ETHERNET SWITCH
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ ETHERNET SWITCH
ETHERNET SWITCH SWITCH IP ADDRESS: Range: standard IP address format

127.0.0.1
SWITCH MODBUS TCP Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
PORT NUMBER: 502
PORT 1 EVENTS: Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
↓

MESSAGE
Disabled
These settings appear only if the L90 is ordered with an Ethernet switch module (type 2S or 2T).
The IP address and Modbus TCP port number for the Ethernet switch module are specified in this menu. These settings
are used in advanced network configurations. Please consult the network administrator before making changes to these
settings. The client software (EnerVista UR Setup, for example) is the preferred interface to configure these settings.
The PORT 1 EVENTS through PORT 6 EVENTS settings allow Ethernet switch module events to be logged in the event
recorder.
5 5.2.5 MODBUS USER MAP
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ MODBUS USER MAP
MODBUS USER MAP ADDRESS 1: 0 Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1

VALUE: 0
ADDRESS 2: 0 Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
VALUE: 0
↓
ADDRESS 256: 0 Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1

MESSAGE
VALUE: 0
The Modbus user map provides read-only access for up to 256 registers. To obtain a memory map value, enter the desired
address in the ADDRESS line (this value must be converted from hex to decimal format). The corresponding value is dis-
played in the VALUE line. A value of “0” in subsequent register ADDRESS lines automatically returns values for the previous
ADDRESS lines incremented by “1”. An address value of “0” in the initial register means “none” and values of “0” will be dis-
played for all registers. Different ADDRESS values can be entered as required in any of the register positions.

5.2.6 REAL TIME CLOCK
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ REAL TIME CLOCK
REAL TIME IRIG-B SIGNAL TYPE: Range: None, DC Shift, Amplitude Modulated
CLOCK None
REAL TIME CLOCK Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
LOCAL TIME OFFSET Range: –24.0 to 24.0 hrs in steps of 0.5
MESSAGE
FROM UTC: 0.0 hrs
DAYLIGHT SAVINGS Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
TIME: Disabled
DST START MONTH: Range: January to December (all months)
MESSAGE
April
DST START DAY: Range: Sunday to Saturday (all days of the week)
MESSAGE
Sunday
DST START DAY Range: First, Second, Third, Fourth, Last
MESSAGE
INSTANCE: First
DST START HOUR: Range: 0:00 to 23:00
MESSAGE
2:00
DST STOP MONTH: Range: January to December (all months)
MESSAGE
April 5
DST STOP DAY: Range: Sunday to Saturday (all days of the week)
MESSAGE
Sunday
DST STOP DAY Range: First, Second, Third, Fourth, Last
MESSAGE
INSTANCE: First
DST STOP HOUR: Range: 0:00 to 23:00
MESSAGE
2:00
If the L90 channel asymmetry function is enabled, the IRIG-B input must be connected to the GPS receiver
and the proper receiver signal type assigned.
NOTE
The date and time can be synchronized a known time base and to other relays using an IRIG-B signal. It has the same
accuracy as an electronic watch, approximately ±1 minute per month. If an IRIG-B signal is connected to the relay, only the
current year needs to be entered. See the COMMANDS ÖØ SET DATE AND TIME menu to manually set the relay clock.
The REAL TIME CLOCK EVENTS setting allows changes to the date and/or time to be captured in the event record.
The LOCAL TIME OFFSET FROM UTC setting is used to specify the local time zone offset from Universal Coordinated Time
(Greenwich Mean Time) in hours. This setting has two uses. When the L90 is time synchronized with IRIG-B, or has no per-
manent time synchronization, the offset is used to calculate UTC time for IEC 61850 features. When the L90 is time syn-
chronized with SNTP, the offset is used to determine the local time for the L90 clock, since SNTP provides UTC time.
The daylight savings time (DST) settings can be used to allow the L90 clock can follow the DST rules of the local time zone.
Note that when IRIG-B time synchronization is active, the DST settings are ignored. The DST settings are used when the
L90 is synchronized with SNTP, or when neither SNTP nor IRIG-B is used.
Only timestamps in the event recorder and communications protocols are affected by the daylight savings time set-
tings. The reported real-time clock value does not change.
NOTE

5.2.7 FAULT REPORTS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ FAULT REPORTS Ö FAULT REPORT 1
FAULT REPORT 1 FAULT REPORT 1 Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4

SOURCE: SRC 1
FAULT REPORT 1 TRIG: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
FAULT REPORT 1 Z1 Range: 0.01 to 250.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
MAG: 3.00 Ω
FAULT REPORT 1 Z1 Range: 25 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 75°
FAULT REPORT 1 Z0 Range: 0.01 to 650.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
MAG: 9.00 Ω
FAULT REPORT 1 Z0 Range: 25 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 75°
FAULT REPORT 1 LINE Range: km, miles
MESSAGE
LENGTH UNITS: km
FAULT REP 1 LENGTH Range: 0.0 to 2000.0 in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
(km ): 100.0
FAULT REP 1 REM1-TAP Range: 0.01 to 250.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
5 MESSAGE
Z1 MAG: 3.00 Ω
FAULT REP 1 REM1-TAP Range: 25 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
Z1 ANG: 75°
FAULT REP 1 REM1-TAP Range: 0.0 to 2000.0 in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
LENGTH (km ): 100.0
FAULT REP 1 REM2-TAP Range: 0.01 to 250.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
Z1 MAG: 3.00 Ω
FAULT REP 1 REM2-TAP Range: 25 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
Z1 ANG: 75°
FAULT REP 1 REM2-TAP Range: 0.0 to 2000.0 in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
LENGTH (km ): 100.0
FAULT REPORT 1 VT Range: None, I0, V0
MESSAGE
SUBSTITUTION: None
FAULT REP 1 SYSTEM Range: 0.01 to 650.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
Z0 MAG: 2.00 Ω
FAULT REP 1 SYSTEM Range: 25 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
Z0 ANGLE: 75°
The L90 incorporates a multi-ended fault locator method based on the synchronized voltage and current measurements at
all ends of the transmission line. This makes it possible to compute the fault location without assumptions or approxima-
tions. This fault locator method is applicable on both two-terminal and three-terminal applications, with results computed
independently at each terminal. For three-terminal line applications, the fault locator is reports the exact line segment at
which the fault occurred and the distance to the fault from the terminal adjacent to the fault.
if charging current compensation is configured and enabled, the line charging current is removed at each terminal for
improved accuracy.

During communication channel failures, the L90 uses the single-ended algorithm to calculate and report fault location.
When the single-ended algorithm is used for three-terminal line applications, the faulted segment of the line is not deter-
mined and reported.
The L90 relay supports one fault report and an associated fault locator. The signal source and trigger condition, as well as
the characteristics of the line or feeder, are entered in this menu.
The fault report stores data, in non-volatile memory, pertinent to an event when triggered. The captured data contained in
the FaultReport.txt file includes:
• Fault report number.
• Name of the relay, programmed by the user.
• Firmware revision of the relay.
• Date and time of trigger.
• Name of trigger (specific operand).
• Line or feeder ID via the name of a configured signal source.
• Active setting group at the time of trigger.
• Pre-fault current and voltage phasors (two cycles before either a 50DD disturbance associated with fault report source
or the trigger operate). Once a disturbance is detected, pre-fault phasors hold for 3 seconds waiting for the fault report
trigger. If trigger does not occur within this time, the values are cleared to prepare for the next disturbance.
• Fault current and voltage phasors (one cycle after the trigger).
• Elements operated at the time of triggering.
• Events: 9 before trigger and 7 after trigger (only available via the relay webpage).
• Fault duration times for each breaker (created by the breaker arcing current feature).
5
The captured data also includes the fault type and the distance to the fault location, as well as the reclose shot number
(when applicable) To include fault duration times in the fault report, the user must enable and configure breaker arcing cur-
rent feature for each of the breakers. Fault duration is reported on a per-phase basis.
The relay allows locating faults, including ground faults, from delta-connected VTs. In this case, the missing zero-sequence
voltage is substituted either by the externally provided neutral voltage (broken delta VT) connected to the auxiliary voltage
channel of a VT bank, or by the zero-sequence voltage approximated as a voltage drop developed by the zero-sequence
current, and user-provided zero-sequence equivalent impedance of the system behind the relay.
The trigger can be any FlexLogic™ operand, but in most applications it is expected to be the same operand, usually a vir-
tual output, that is used to drive an output relay to trip a breaker. To prevent the overwriting of fault events, the disturbance
detector should not be used to trigger a fault report. A FAULT RPT TRIG event is automatically created when the report is
triggered.
If a number of protection elements are ORed to create a fault report trigger, the first operation of any element causing the
OR gate output to become high triggers a fault report. However, If other elements operate during the fault and the first oper-
ated element has not been reset (the OR gate output is still high), the fault report is not triggered again. Considering the
reset time of protection elements, there is very little chance that fault report can be triggered twice in this manner. As the
fault report must capture a usable amount of pre and post-fault data, it can not be triggered faster than every 20 ms.
Each fault report is stored as a file; the relay capacity is fifteen (15) files. An sixteenth (16th) trigger overwrites the oldest
file.
The EnerVista UR Setup software is required to view all captured data. The relay faceplate display can be used to view the
date and time of trigger, the fault type, the distance location of the fault, and the reclose shot number.
The FAULT REPORT 1 SOURCE setting selects the source for input currents and voltages and disturbance detection. For dual-
breaker applications where the line current is supplied individually from two breaker CTs, the fault locator source should
include the sum of currents from both CTs as well as the line voltage.
The FAULT 1 REPORT TRIG setting assigns the FlexLogic™ operand representing the protection element/elements requiring
operational fault location calculations. The distance to fault calculations are initiated by this signal. The FAULT REPORT 1 Z1
MAG and FAULT REPORT 1 Z0 MAG impedances are entered in secondary ohms.

For a two-terminal line application, the FAULT REPORT 1 Z1 MAG, FAULT REPORT 1 Z1 ANG, FAULT REPORT 1 Z0 MAG, FAULT
REPORT 1 Z0 ANG and FAULT REPORT 1 LENGTH settings for the entire line must to be entered for fault location calculations.
For a three-terminal application, these settings are used to enter the line segment impedance and length from the local ter-
minal to the tap point only.
The FAULT REP 1 REM1-TAP Z1 MAG and FAULT REP 1 REM1-TAP Z1 ANG settings are used for three-terminal applications to
enter positive sequence section impedances (in secondary ohms) for the line segment from remote terminal 1 to the tap
point. The length of the line section from remote terminal 1 to the tap point is entered in the FAULT REP 1 REM1-TAP LENGTH
setting.
The FAULT REP 1 REM2-TAP Z1 MAG, FAULT REP 1 REM2-TAP Z1 ANG, and FAULT REP 1 REM2-TAP LENGTH settings are used as
above, but for the line segment from remote terminal 2 to the tap point.
The FAULT REPORT 1 VT SUBSTITUTION setting shall be set to “None” if the relay is fed from wye-connected VTs. If delta-con-
nected VTs are used, and the relay is supplied with the neutral (3V0) voltage, this setting shall be set to “V0”. The method is
still exact, as the fault locator would combine the line-to-line voltage measurements with the neutral voltage measurement
to re-create the line-to-ground voltages. See the ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ RECORDS Ö FAULT REPORTS menu for additional
details. It required to configure the delta and neutral voltages under the source indicated as input for the fault report. Also,
the relay will check if the auxiliary signal configured is marked as “Vn” by the user (under VT setup), and inhibit the fault
location if the auxiliary signal is labeled differently.
If the broken-delta neutral voltage is not available to the relay, an approximation is possible by assuming the missing zero-
sequence voltage to be an inverted voltage drop produced by the zero-sequence current and the user-specified equivalent
zero-sequence system impedance behind the relay: V0 = –Z0 × I0. In order to enable this mode of operation, the FAULT
REPORT 1 VT SUBSTITUTION setting shall be set to “I0”.
The FAULT REP 1 SYSTEM Z0 MAG and FAULT REP 1 SYSTEM Z0 ANGLE settings are used only when the VT SUBSTITUTION set-
ting value is “I0”. The magnitude is to be entered in secondary ohms. This impedance is an average system equivalent
5 behind the relay. It can be calculated as zero-sequence Thevenin impedance at the local bus with the protected line/feeder
disconnected. The method is accurate only if this setting matches perfectly the actual system impedance during the fault. If
the system exhibits too much variability, this approach is questionable and the fault location results for single-line-to-ground
faults shall be trusted with accordingly. It should be kept in mind that grounding points in vicinity of the installation impact
the system zero-sequence impedance (grounded loads, reactors, zig-zag transformers, shunt capacitor banks, etc.).
For proper operation of the multi-ended fault locator, the nominal primary voltage is expected to appear identical at
all line terminals as seen from the nominal secondary voltage, VT ratio, and VT connection settings of the first 87L
NOTE source.
5.2.8 OSCILLOGRAPHY
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ OSCILLOGRAPHY
OSCILLOGRAPHY NUMBER OF RECORDS: Range: 1 to 64 in steps of 1

5
TRIGGER MODE: Range: Automatic Overwrite, Protected
MESSAGE
Automatic Overwrite
TRIGGER POSITION: Range: 0 to 100% in steps of 1
MESSAGE
50%
TRIGGER SOURCE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AC INPUT WAVEFORMS: Range: Off; 8, 16, 32, 64 samples/cycle
MESSAGE
16 samples/cycle
DIGITAL CHANNELS
MESSAGE

ANALOG CHANNELS
MESSAGE


Oscillography records contain waveforms captured at the sampling rate as well as other relay data at the point of trigger.
Oscillography records are triggered by a programmable FlexLogic™ operand. Multiple oscillography records may be cap-
tured simultaneously.
The NUMBER OF RECORDS is selectable, but the number of cycles captured in a single record varies considerably based on
other factors such as sample rate and the number of operational modules. There is a fixed amount of data storage for oscil-
lography; the more data captured, the less the number of cycles captured per record. See the ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ
RECORDS ÖØ OSCILLOGRAPHY menu to view the number of cycles captured per record. The following table provides sam-
ple configurations with corresponding cycles/record.
Table 5–2: OSCILLOGRAPHY CYCLES/RECORD EXAMPLE

RECORDS CT/VTS SAMPLE DIGITALS ANALOGS CYCLES/
RATE RECORD
1 1 8 0 0 1872.0
1 1 16 16 0 1685.0
8 1 16 16 0 276.0
8 1 16 16 4 219.5
8 2 16 16 4 93.5
8 2 16 64 16 93.5
8 2 32 64 16 57.6
8 2 64 64 16 32.3
32 2 64 64 16 9.5
A new record may automatically overwrite an older record if TRIGGER MODE is set to “Automatic Overwrite”.
Set the TRIGGER POSITION to a percentage of the total buffer size (for example, 10%, 50%, 75%, etc.). A trigger position of 5
25% consists of 25% pre- and 75% post-trigger data. The TRIGGER SOURCE is always captured in oscillography and may be
any FlexLogic™ parameter (element state, contact input, virtual output, etc.). The relay sampling rate is 64 samples per
cycle.
The AC INPUT WAVEFORMS setting determines the sampling rate at which AC input signals (that is, current and voltage) are
stored. Reducing the sampling rate allows longer records to be stored. This setting has no effect on the internal sampling
rate of the relay which is always 64 samples per cycle; that is, it has no effect on the fundamental calculations of the device.
When changes are made to the oscillography settings, all existing oscillography records will be CLEARED.
WARNING
b) DIGITAL CHANNELS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ OSCILLOGRAPHY ÖØ DIGITAL CHANNELS
DIGITAL CHANNELS DIGITAL CHANNEL 1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

Off
DIGITAL CHANNEL 2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
↓
DIGITAL CHANNEL 63: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
A DIGITAL 1(63) CHANNEL setting selects the FlexLogic™ operand state recorded in an oscillography trace. The length of
each oscillography trace depends in part on the number of parameters selected here. Parameters set to “Off” are ignored.
Upon startup, the relay will automatically prepare the parameter list.

c) ANALOG CHANNELS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ OSCILLOGRAPHY ÖØ ANALOG CHANNELS
ANALOG CHANNELS ANALOG CHANNEL 1: Range: Off, any FlexAnalog parameter

Off See Appendix A for complete list.
ANALOG CHANNEL 2: Range: Off, any FlexAnalog parameter

MESSAGE See Appendix A for complete list.
Off
↓
ANALOG CHANNEL 16: Range: Off, any FlexAnalog parameter

MESSAGE See Appendix A for complete list.
Off
These settings select the metering actual value recorded in an oscillography trace. The length of each oscillography trace
depends in part on the number of parameters selected here. Parameters set to “Off” are ignored. The parameters available
in a given relay are dependent on:
• The type of relay,
• The type and number of CT/VT hardware modules installed, and
• The type and number of analog input hardware modules installed.
Upon startup, the relay will automatically prepare the parameter list. A list of all possible analog metering actual value
parameters is presented in Appendix A: FlexAnalog parameters. The parameter index number shown in any of the tables is
used to expedite the selection of the parameter on the relay display. It can be quite time-consuming to scan through the list
of parameters via the relay keypad and display - entering this number via the relay keypad will cause the corresponding
parameter to be displayed.
5 All eight CT/VT module channels are stored in the oscillography file. The CT/VT module channels are named as follows:
<slot_letter><terminal_number>—<I or V><phase A, B, or C, or 4th input>
The fourth current input in a bank is called IG, and the fourth voltage input in a bank is called VX. For example, F2-IB desig-
nates the IB signal on terminal 2 of the CT/VT module in slot F.
If there are no CT/VT modules and analog input modules, no analog traces will appear in the file; only the digital traces will
appear.
5.2.9 DATA LOGGER
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DATA LOGGER
DATA LOGGER DATA LOGGER MODE: Range: Continuous, Trigger

Continuous
DATA LOGGER TRIGGER: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
DATA LOGGER RATE: Range: 15 to 3600000 ms in steps of 1
MESSAGE
60000 ms
DATA LOGGER CHNL 1: Range: Off, any FlexAnalog parameter. See Appendix A:
MESSAGE FlexAnalog Parameters for complete list.
Off
Off
↓
Off
DATA LOGGER CONFIG: Range: Not applicable - shows computed data only
MESSAGE
0 CHNL x 0.0 DAYS

The data logger samples and records up to 16 analog parameters at a user-defined sampling rate. This recorded data may
be downloaded to EnerVista UR Setup and displayed with parameters on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.
All data is stored in non-volatile memory, meaning that the information is retained when power to the relay is lost.
For a fixed sampling rate, the data logger can be configured with a few channels over a long period or a larger number of
channels for a shorter period. The relay automatically partitions the available memory between the channels in use. Exam-
ple storage capacities for a system frequency of 60 Hz are shown in the following table.
Table 5–3: DATA LOGGER STORAGE CAPACITY EXAMPLE

SAMPLING RATE CHANNELS DAYS STORAGE CAPACITY
15 ms 1 0.1 954 s
8 0.1 120 s
9 0.1 107 s
16 0.1 60 s
1000 ms 1 0.7 65457 s
8 0.1 8182 s
9 0.1 7273 s
16 0.1 4091 s
60000 ms 1 45.4 3927420 s
8 5.6 490920 s
9 5 436380 s
16 2.8 254460 s
3600000 ms 1 2727.5 235645200 s
8 340.9 29455200 s 5
9 303 26182800 s
Changing any setting affecting data logger operation will clear any data that is currently in the log.
NOTE
• DATA LOGGER MODE: This setting configures the mode in which the data logger will operate. When set to “Continu-
ous”, the data logger will actively record any configured channels at the rate as defined by the DATA LOGGER RATE. The
data logger will be idle in this mode if no channels are configured. When set to “Trigger”, the data logger will begin to
record any configured channels at the instance of the rising edge of the DATA LOGGER TRIGGER source FlexLogic™
operand. The data logger will ignore all subsequent triggers and will continue to record data until the active record is
full. Once the data logger is full a CLEAR DATA LOGGER command is required to clear the data logger record before a
new record can be started. Performing the CLEAR DATA LOGGER command will also stop the current record and reset
the data logger to be ready for the next trigger.
• DATA LOGGER TRIGGER: This setting selects the signal used to trigger the start of a new data logger record. Any
FlexLogic™ operand can be used as the trigger source. The DATA LOGGER TRIGGER setting only applies when the
mode is set to “Trigger”.
• DATA LOGGER RATE: This setting selects the time interval at which the actual value data will be recorded.
• DATA LOGGER CHNL 1(16): This setting selects the metering actual value that is to be recorded in Channel 1(16) of
the data log. The parameters available in a given relay are dependent on: the type of relay, the type and number of CT/
VT hardware modules installed, and the type and number of Analog Input hardware modules installed. Upon startup,
the relay will automatically prepare the parameter list. A list of all possible analog metering actual value parameters is
shown in Appendix A: FlexAnalog Parameters. The parameter index number shown in any of the tables is used to
expedite the selection of the parameter on the relay display. It can be quite time-consuming to scan through the list of
parameters via the relay keypad/display – entering this number via the relay keypad will cause the corresponding
parameter to be displayed.
• DATA LOGGER CONFIG: This display presents the total amount of time the Data Logger can record the channels not
selected to “Off” without over-writing old data.

5.2.10 DEMAND
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DEMAND
DEMAND CRNT DEMAND METHOD: Range: Thermal Exponential, Block Interval,

Thermal Exponential Rolling Demand
POWER DEMAND METHOD: Range: Thermal Exponential, Block Interval,

MESSAGE Rolling Demand
Thermal Exponential
DEMAND INTERVAL: Range: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 minutes
MESSAGE
15 MIN
DEMAND TRIGGER: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE Note: for calculation using Method 2a
Off
The relay measures current demand on each phase, and three-phase demand for real, reactive, and apparent power. Cur-
rent and Power methods can be chosen separately for the convenience of the user. Settings are provided to allow the user
to emulate some common electrical utility demand measuring techniques, for statistical or control purposes. If the CRNT
DEMAND METHOD is set to "Block Interval" and the DEMAND TRIGGER is set to “Off”, Method 2 is used (see below). If
DEMAND TRIGGER is assigned to any other FlexLogic™ operand, Method 2a is used (see below).
The relay can be set to calculate demand by any of three methods as described below:
CALCULATION METHOD 1: THERMAL EXPONENTIAL
This method emulates the action of an analog peak recording thermal demand meter. The relay measures the quantity
(RMS current, real power, reactive power, or apparent power) on each phase every second, and assumes the circuit quan-
tity remains at this value until updated by the next measurement. It calculates the 'thermal demand equivalent' based on the
5 following equation:
– kt
d(t) = D( 1 – e ) (EQ 5.6)
where: d = demand value after applying input quantity for time t (in minutes)
D = input quantity (constant), and k = 2.3 / thermal 90% response time.
The 90% thermal response time characteristic of 15 minutes is illustrated below. A setpoint establishes the time to reach
90% of a steady-state value, just as the response time of an analog instrument. A steady state value applied for twice the
response time will indicate 99% of the value.
Demand (%)
Time (minutes) 842787A1.CDR
Figure 5–3: THERMAL DEMAND CHARACTERISTIC

CALCULATION METHOD 2: BLOCK INTERVAL
This method calculates a linear average of the quantity (RMS current, real power, reactive power, or apparent power) over
the programmed demand time interval, starting daily at 00:00:00 (i.e. 12:00 am). The 1440 minutes per day is divided into
the number of blocks as set by the programmed time interval. Each new value of demand becomes available at the end of
each time interval.
CALCULATION METHOD 2a: BLOCK INTERVAL (with Start Demand Interval Logic Trigger)
the interval between successive Start Demand Interval logic input pulses. Each new value of demand becomes available at
the end of each pulse. Assign a FlexLogic™ operand to the DEMAND TRIGGER setting to program the input for the new
demand interval pulses.

If no trigger is assigned in the DEMAND TRIGGER setting and the CRNT DEMAND METHOD is "Block Interval", use cal-
culating method #2. If a trigger is assigned, the maximum allowed time between 2 trigger signals is 60 minutes. If
NOTE
no trigger signal appears within 60 minutes, demand calculations are performed and available and the algorithm
resets and starts the new cycle of calculations. The minimum required time for trigger contact closure is 20 μs.
CALCULATION METHOD 3: ROLLING DEMAND
the programmed demand time interval, in the same way as Block Interval. The value is updated every minute and indicates
the demand over the time interval just preceding the time of update.
5.2.11 USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS
USER-PROGRAMMABLE LED TEST

See below
LEDS
TRIP & ALARM LEDS

USER-PROGRAMMABLE
LED1
USER-PROGRAMMABLE
MESSAGE
LED2
↓
5
USER-PROGRAMMABLE
MESSAGE
LED48
b) LED TEST
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS Ö LED TEST
LED TEST LED TEST FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled.

Disabled
LED TEST CONTROL: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
When enabled, the LED test can be initiated from any digital input or user-programmable condition such as user-program-
mable pushbutton. The control operand is configured under the LED TEST CONTROL setting. The test covers all LEDs,
including the LEDs of the optional user-programmable pushbuttons.
The test consists of three stages.
1. All 62 LEDs on the relay are illuminated. This is a quick test to verify if any of the LEDs is “burned”. This stage lasts as
long as the control input is on, up to a maximum of 1 minute. After 1 minute, the test will end.
2. All the LEDs are turned off, and then one LED at a time turns on for 1 second, then back off. The test routine starts at
the top left panel, moving from the top to bottom of each LED column. This test checks for hardware failures that lead
to more than one LED being turned on from a single logic point. This stage can be interrupted at any time.
3. All the LEDs are turned on. One LED at a time turns off for 1 second, then back on. The test routine starts at the top left
panel moving from top to bottom of each column of the LEDs. This test checks for hardware failures that lead to more
than one LED being turned off from a single logic point. This stage can be interrupted at any time.
When testing is in progress, the LEDs are controlled by the test sequence, rather than the protection, control, and monitor-
ing features. However, the LED control mechanism accepts all the changes to LED states generated by the relay and
stores the actual LED states (on or off) in memory. When the test completes, the LEDs reflect the actual state resulting from
relay response during testing. The reset pushbutton will not clear any targets when the LED Test is in progress.

A dedicated FlexLogic™ operand, LED TEST IN PROGRESS, is set for the duration of the test. When the test sequence is ini-
tiated, the LED TEST INITIATED event is stored in the event recorder.
The entire test procedure is user-controlled. In particular, stage 1 can last as long as necessary, and stages 2 and 3 can be
interrupted. The test responds to the position and rising edges of the control input defined by the LED TEST CONTROL set-
ting. The control pulses must last at least 250 ms to take effect. The following diagram explains how the test is executed.
READY TO TEST
Reset the
LED TEST IN PROGRESS
rising edge of the
operand
control input
Start the software image of Restore the LED states

the LEDs from the software image
Set the
LED TEST IN PROGRESS
operand
control input is on
STAGE 1 time-out
(all LEDs on) (1 minute)
dropping edge of the

control input
rising edge of the
5 Wait 1 second
control input
STAGE 2 rising edge of the

(one LED on at a time) control input
rising edge of the

Wait 1 second
control input
rising edge
STAGE 3
of the control
(one LED off at a time) input
842011A1.CDR
Figure 5–4: LED TEST SEQUENCE

APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1:
Assume one needs to check if any of the LEDs is “burned” through user-programmable pushbutton 1. The following set-
tings should be applied. Configure user-programmable pushbutton 1 by making the following entries in the SETTINGS Ö
PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS Ö USER PUSHBUTTON 1 menu:

PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT TIME: “0.10 s”
Configure the LED test to recognize user-programmable pushbutton 1 by making the following entries in the SETTINGS Ö
PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS Ö LED TEST menu:
LED TEST FUNCTION: “Enabled”

LED TEST CONTROL: “PUSHBUTTON 1 ON”
The test will be initiated when the user-programmable pushbutton 1 is pressed. The pushbutton should remain pressed for
as long as the LEDs are being visually inspected. When finished, the pushbutton should be released. The relay will then
automatically start stage 2. At this point forward, test may be aborted by pressing the pushbutton.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 2:
Assume one needs to check if any LEDs are “burned” as well as exercise one LED at a time to check for other failures. This
is to be performed via user-programmable pushbutton 1.

After applying the settings in application example 1, hold down the pushbutton as long as necessary to test all LEDs. Next,
release the pushbutton to automatically start stage 2. Once stage 2 has started, the pushbutton can be released. When
stage 2 is completed, stage 3 will automatically start. The test may be aborted at any time by pressing the pushbutton.
c) TRIP AND ALARM LEDS

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS ÖØ TRIP & ALARM LEDS
TRIP & ALARM LEDS TRIP LED INPUT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
Off
ALARM LED INPUT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
The trip and alarm LEDs are in the first LED column (enhanced faceplate) and on LED panel 1 (standard faceplate). Each
indicator can be programmed to become illuminated when the selected FlexLogic™ operand is in the logic 1 state.
d) USER-PROGRAMMABLE LED 1(48)

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE LED 1(48)
USER-PROGRAMMABLE LED 1 OPERAND: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

LED 1 Off
LED 1 TYPE: Range: Self-Reset, Latched
MESSAGE
Self-Reset
There are 48 amber LEDs across the relay faceplate LED panels. Each of these indicators can be programmed to illumi-
nate when the selected FlexLogic™ operand is in the logic 1 state.
For the standard faceplate, the LEDs are located as follows.
5
• LED Panel 2: user-programmable LEDs 1 through 24
• LED Panel 3: user programmable LEDs 25 through 48
For the enhanced faceplate, the LEDs are located as follows.
• LED column 2: user-programmable LEDs 1 through 12
Refer to the LED indicators section in chapter 4 for additional information on the location of these indexed LEDs.
The user-programmable LED settings select the FlexLogic™ operands that control the LEDs. If the LED 1 TYPE setting is
“Self-Reset” (the default setting), the LED illumination will track the state of the selected LED operand. If the LED 1 TYPE set-
ting is “Latched”, the LED, once lit, remains so until reset by the faceplate RESET button, from a remote device via a com-
munications channel, or from any programmed operand, even if the LED operand state de-asserts.

Table 5–4: RECOMMENDED SETTINGS FOR USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS

SETTING PARAMETER SETTING PARAMETER
LED 1 operand SETTING GROUP ACT 1 LED 13 operand Off
LED 2 operand SETTING GROUP ACT 2 LED 14 operand BREAKER 2 OPEN
LED 3 operand SETTING GROUP ACT 3 LED 15 operand BREAKER 2 CLOSED
LED 4 operand SETTING GROUP ACT 4 LED 16 operand BREAKER 2 TROUBLE
LED 5 operand SETTING GROUP ACT 5 LED 17 operand SYNC 1 SYNC OP
LED 6 operand SETTING GROUP ACT 6 LED 18 operand SYNC 2 SYNC OP
LED 7 operand Off LED 19 operand Off
LED 8 operand Off LED 20 operand Off
LED 9 operand BREAKER 1 OPEN LED 21 operand AR ENABLED
LED 10 operand BREAKER 1 CLOSED LED 22 operand AR DISABLED
LED 11 operand BREAKER 1 TROUBLE LED 23 operand AR RIP
LED 12 operand Off LED 24 operand AR LO
Refer to the Control of setting groups example in the Control elements section of this chapter for group activation.
5.2.12 USER-PROGRAMMABLE SELF-TESTS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE SELF TESTS
USER-PROGRAMMABLE REMOTE DEVICE OFF Range: Disabled, Enabled. Valid for units that contain a
SELF TESTS FUNCTION: Enabled CPU with Ethernet capability.
5 PRI. ETHERNET FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled. Valid for units that contain a
MESSAGE CPU with a primary fiber port.
FUNCTION: Disabled
SEC. ETHERNET FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled. Valid for units that contain a
MESSAGE CPU with a redundant fiber port.
FUNCTION: Disabled
BATTERY FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled.
MESSAGE
FUNCTION: Enabled
SNTP FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled. Valid for units that contain a
MESSAGE CPU with Ethernet capability.
FUNCTION: Enabled
IRIG-B FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled.
MESSAGE
FUNCTION: Enabled
ETHERNET SWITCH FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled.
MESSAGE
FUNCTION: Disabled
All major self-test alarms are reported automatically with their corresponding FlexLogic™ operands, events, and targets.
Most of the minor alarms can be disabled if desired.
When in the “Disabled” mode, minor alarms will not assert a FlexLogic™ operand, write to the event recorder, or display
target messages. Moreover, they will not trigger the ANY MINOR ALARM or ANY SELF-TEST messages. When in the “Enabled”
mode, minor alarms continue to function along with other major and minor alarms. Refer to the Relay self-tests section in
chapter 7 for additional information on major and minor self-test alarms.
To enable the Ethernet switch failure function, ensure that the ETHERNET SWITCH FAIL FUNCTION is “Enabled” in this
menu.
NOTE

5.2.13 CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS Ö CONTROL PUSHBUTTON 1(7)
CONTROL CONTROL PUSHBUTTON 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION: Disabled
CONTROL PUSHBUTTON 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
There are three standard control pushbuttons, labeled USER 1, USER 2, and USER 3, on the standard and enhanced front
panels. These are user-programmable and can be used for various applications such as performing an LED test, switching
setting groups, and invoking and scrolling though user-programmable displays.
Firmware revisions 3.2x and older use these three pushbuttons for manual breaker control. This functionality has been
retained – if the breaker control feature is configured to use the three pushbuttons, they cannot be used as user-program-
mable control pushbuttons.
The location of the control pushbuttons are shown in the following figures.
Control pushbuttons 5
842813A1.CDR
Figure 5–5: CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS (ENHANCED FACEPLATE)

An additional four control pushbuttons are included on the standard faceplate when the L90 is ordered with the twelve user-
programmable pushbutton option.
STATUS EVENT CAUSE

IN SERVICE VOLTAGE
TEST MODE FREQUENCY
TRIP OTHER USER 1 THREE
ALARM PHASE A STANDARD
PICKUP PHASE B USER 2
PHASE C
CONTROL
NEUTRAL/GROUND USER 3 PUSHBUTTONS
USER 4
USER 5 FOUR EXTRA

OPTIONAL
USER 6
CONTROL
USER 7 PUSHBUTTONS
842733A2.CDR
Figure 5–6: CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS (STANDARD FACEPLATE)

Control pushbuttons are not typically used for critical operations and are not protected by the control password. However,
by supervising their output operands, the user can dynamically enable or disable control pushbuttons for security reasons.
Each control pushbutton asserts its own FlexLogic™ operand. These operands should be configured appropriately to per-
form the desired function. The operand remains asserted as long as the pushbutton is pressed and resets when the push-
button is released. A dropout delay of 100 ms is incorporated to ensure fast pushbutton manipulation will be recognized by
various features that may use control pushbuttons as inputs.
An event is logged in the event record (as per user setting) when a control pushbutton is pressed. No event is logged when
the pushbutton is released. The faceplate keys (including control keys) cannot be operated simultaneously – a given key
must be released before the next one can be pressed.

The control pushbuttons become user-programmable only if the breaker control feature is not configured for manual control
via the USER 1 through 3 pushbuttons as shown below. If configured for manual control, breaker control typically uses the
larger, optional user-programmable pushbuttons, making the control pushbuttons available for other user applications.
SETTING
CONTROL PUSHBUTTON
{
1 FUNCTION:
Enabled=1
SETTINGS
SYSTEM SETUP/
BREAKERS/BREAKER 1/
BREAKER 1 PUSHBUTTON
CONTROL:
When applicable
AND RUN
Enabled=1
OFF TIMER
SYSTEM SETUP/ FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BREAKERS/BREAKER 2/ ON 0 CONTROL PUSHBTN 1 ON
BREAKER 2 PUSHBUTTON 100 msec
CONTROL:
842010A2.CDR
Enabled=1
Figure 5–7: CONTROL PUSHBUTTON LOGIC

5.2.14 USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS Ö USER PUSHBUTTON 1(16)
USER PUSHBUTTON 1 PUSHBUTTON 1 Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
PUSHBTN 1 ID TEXT: Range: Up to 20 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
PUSHBTN 1 ON TEXT: Range: Up to 20 alphanumeric characters

MESSAGE
PUSHBTN 1 OFF TEXT: Range: Up to 20 alphanumeric characters

MESSAGE
PUSHBTN 1 HOLD: Range: 0.0 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1

MESSAGE
0.0 s
PUSHBTN 1 SET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PUSHBTN 1 RESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PUSHBTN 1 AUTORST: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
PUSHBTN 1 AUTORST Range: 0.2 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.0 s 5
PUSHBTN 1 REMOTE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PUSHBTN 1 LOCAL: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT Range: 0 to 60.00 s in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
TIME: 0.00 s
PUSHBTN 1 LED CTL: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PUSHBTN 1 MESSAGE: Range: Disabled, Normal, High Priority
MESSAGE
Disabled
PUSHBUTTON 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The optional user-programmable pushbuttons (specified in the order code) provide an easy and error-free method of enter-
ing digital state (on, off) information. The number of available pushbuttons is dependent on the faceplate module ordered
with the relay.
• Type P faceplate: standard horizontal faceplate with 12 user-programmable pushbuttons.
• Type Q faceplate: enhanced horizontal faceplate with 16 user-programmable pushbuttons.
The digital state can be entered locally (by directly pressing the front panel pushbutton) or remotely (via FlexLogic™ oper-
ands) into FlexLogic™ equations, protection elements, and control elements. Typical applications include breaker control,
autorecloser blocking, and setting groups changes. The user-programmable pushbuttons are under the control level of
password protection.
The user-configurable pushbuttons for the enhanced faceplate are shown below.

USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER USER
LABEL 1 LABEL 2 LABEL 3 LABEL 4 LABEL 5 LABEL 6 LABEL 7 LABEL 8 LABEL 9 LABEL 10 LABEL 11 LABEL 12 LABEL 13 LABEL 14 LABEL 15 LABEL 16
842814A1.CDR
Figure 5–8: USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS (ENHANCED FACEPLATE)

The user-configurable pushbuttons for the standard faceplate are shown below.
1 3 5 7 9 11
USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL
2 4 6 8 10 12
USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL USER LABEL
842779A1.CDR
Figure 5–9: USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS (STANDARD FACEPLATE)

Both the standard and enhanced faceplate pushbuttons can be custom labeled with a factory-provided template, available
online at http://www.GEmultilin.com. The EnerVista UR Setup software can also be used to create labels for the enhanced
faceplate.
Each pushbutton asserts its own “On” and “Off” FlexLogic™ operands (for example, PUSHBUTTON 1 ON and PUSHBUTTON
5 1 OFF). These operands are available for each pushbutton and are used to program specific actions. If any pushbutton is
active, the ANY PB ON operand will be asserted.
Each pushbutton has an associated LED indicator. By default, this indicator displays the present status of the correspond-
ing pushbutton (on or off). However, each LED indicator can be assigned to any FlexLogic™ operand through the PUSHBTN
1 LED CTL setting.
The pushbuttons can be automatically controlled by activating the operands assigned to the PUSHBTN 1 SET (for latched and
self-reset mode) and PUSHBTN 1 RESET (for latched mode only) settings. The pushbutton reset status is declared when the
PUSHBUTTON 1 OFF operand is asserted. The activation and deactivation of user-programmable pushbuttons is dependent
on whether latched or self-reset mode is programmed.
• Latched mode: In latched mode, a pushbutton can be set (activated) by asserting the operand assigned to the PUSH-
BTN 1 SET setting or by directly pressing the associated front panel pushbutton. The pushbutton maintains the set state
until deactivated by the reset command or after a user-specified time delay. The state of each pushbutton is stored in
non-volatile memory and maintained through a loss of control power.
The pushbutton is reset (deactivated) in latched mode by asserting the operand assigned to the PUSHBTN 1 RESET set-
ting or by directly pressing the associated active front panel pushbutton.
It can also be programmed to reset automatically through the PUSHBTN 1 AUTORST and PUSHBTN 1 AUTORST DELAY set-
tings. These settings enable the autoreset timer and specify the associated time delay. The autoreset timer can be
used in select-before-operate (SBO) breaker control applications, where the command type (close/open) or breaker
location (feeder number) must be selected prior to command execution. The selection must reset automatically if con-
trol is not executed within a specified time period.
• Self-reset mode: In self-reset mode, a pushbutton will remain active for the time it is pressed (the pulse duration) plus
the dropout time specified in the PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT TIME setting. If the pushbutton is activated via FlexLogic™, the
pulse duration is specified by the PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT TIME only. The time the operand remains assigned to the PUSH-
BTN 1 SET setting has no effect on the pulse duration.
The pushbutton is reset (deactivated) in self-reset mode when the dropout delay specified in the PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT
TIMEsetting expires.
The pulse duration of the remote set, remote reset, or local pushbutton must be at least 50 ms to operate the push-
button. This allows the user-programmable pushbuttons to properly operate during power cycling events and vari-
NOTE ous system disturbances that may cause transient assertion of the operating signals.

The local and remote operation of each user-programmable pushbutton can be inhibited through the PUSHBTN 1 LOCAL and
PUSHBTN 1 REMOTE settings, respectively. If local locking is applied, the pushbutton will ignore set and reset commands
executed through the front panel pushbuttons. If remote locking is applied, the pushbutton will ignore set and reset com-
mands executed through FlexLogic™ operands.
The locking functions are not applied to the autorestart feature. In this case, the inhibit function can be used in SBO control
operations to prevent the pushbutton function from being activated and ensuring “one-at-a-time” select operation.
The locking functions can also be used to prevent the accidental pressing of the front panel pushbuttons. The separate
inhibit of the local and remote operation simplifies the implementation of local/remote control supervision.
Pushbutton states can be logged by the event recorder and displayed as target messages. In latched mode, user-defined
messages can also be associated with each pushbutton and displayed when the pushbutton is on or changing to off.
• PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION: This setting selects the characteristic of the pushbutton. If set to “Disabled”, the push-
button is not active and the corresponding FlexLogic™ operands (both “On” and “Off”) are de-asserted. If set to “Self-
Reset”, the control logic is activated by the pulse (longer than 100 ms) issued when the pushbutton is being physically
pressed or virtually pressed via a FlexLogic™ operand assigned to the PUSHBTN 1 SET setting.
When in “Self-Reset” mode and activated locally, the pushbutton control logic asserts the “On” corresponding Flex-
Logic™ operand as long as the pushbutton is being physically pressed, and after being released the deactivation of
the operand is delayed by the drop out timer. The “Off” operand is asserted when the pushbutton element is deacti-
vated. If the pushbutton is activated remotely, the control logic of the pushbutton asserts the corresponding “On” Flex-
Logic™ operand only for the time period specified by the PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT TIME setting.
If set to “Latched”, the control logic alternates the state of the corresponding FlexLogic™ operand between “On” and
“Off” on each button press or by virtually activating the pushbutton (assigning set and reset operands). When in the
“Latched” mode, the states of the FlexLogic™ operands are stored in a non-volatile memory. Should the power supply
be lost, the correct state of the pushbutton is retained upon subsequent power up of the relay.
• PUSHBTN 1 ID TEXT: This setting specifies the top 20-character line of the user-programmable message and is 5
intended to provide ID information of the pushbutton. Refer to the User-definable displays section for instructions on
how to enter alphanumeric characters from the keypad.
• PUSHBTN 1 ON TEXT: This setting specifies the bottom 20-character line of the user-programmable message and is
displayed when the pushbutton is in the “on” position. Refer to the User-definable displays section for instructions on
entering alphanumeric characters from the keypad.
• PUSHBTN 1 OFF TEXT: This setting specifies the bottom 20-character line of the user-programmable message and is
displayed when the pushbutton is activated from the on to the off position and the PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION is
“Latched”. This message is not displayed when the PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION is “Self-reset” as the pushbutton operand
status is implied to be “Off” upon its release. The length of the “Off” message is configured with the PRODUCT SETUP
ÖØ DISPLAY PROPERTIES Ö FLASH MESSAGE TIME setting.
• PUSHBTN 1 HOLD: This setting specifies the time required for a pushbutton to be pressed before it is deemed active.
This timer is reset upon release of the pushbutton. Note that any pushbutton operation will require the pushbutton to be
pressed a minimum of 50 ms. This minimum time is required prior to activating the pushbutton hold timer.
• PUSHBTN 1 SET: This setting assigns the FlexLogic™ operand serving to operate the pushbutton element and to
assert PUSHBUTTON 1 ON operand. The duration of the incoming set signal must be at least 100 ms.
• PUSHBTN 1 RESET: This setting assigns the FlexLogic™ operand serving to reset pushbutton element and to assert
PUSHBUTTON 1 OFF operand. This setting is applicable only if pushbutton is in latched mode. The duration of the
incoming reset signal must be at least 50 ms.
• PUSHBTN 1 AUTORST: This setting enables the user-programmable pushbutton autoreset feature. This setting is
applicable only if the pushbutton is in the “Latched” mode.
• PUSHBTN 1 AUTORST DELAY: This setting specifies the time delay for automatic reset of the pushbutton when in
the latched mode.
• PUSHBTN 1 REMOTE: This setting assigns the FlexLogic™ operand serving to inhibit pushbutton operation from the
operand assigned to the PUSHBTN 1 SET or PUSHBTN 1 RESET settings.
• PUSHBTN 1 LOCAL: This setting assigns the FlexLogic™ operand serving to inhibit pushbutton operation from the
front panel pushbuttons. This locking functionality is not applicable to pushbutton autoreset.

• PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT TIME: This setting applies only to “Self-Reset” mode and specifies the duration of the push-
button active status after the pushbutton has been released. When activated remotely, this setting specifies the entire
activation time of the pushbutton status; the length of time the operand remains on has no effect on the pulse duration.
This setting is required to set the duration of the pushbutton operating pulse.
• PUSHBTN 1 LED CTL: This setting assigns the FlexLogic™ operand serving to drive pushbutton LED. If this setting is
“Off”, then LED operation is directly linked to PUSHBUTTON 1 ON operand.
• PUSHBTN 1 MESSAGE: If pushbutton message is set to “High Priority”, the message programmed in the PUSHBTN 1
IDand PUSHBTN 1 ON TEXT settings will be displayed undisturbed as long as PUSHBUTTON 1 ON operand is asserted.
The high priority option is not applicable to the PUSHBTN 1 OFF TEXT setting.
This message can be temporary removed if any front panel keypad button is pressed. However, ten seconds of keypad
inactivity will restore the message if the PUSHBUTTON 1 ON operand is still active.
If the PUSHBTN 1 MESSAGE is set to “Normal”, the message programmed in the PUSHBTN 1 ID and PUSHBTN 1 ON TEXT
settings will be displayed as long as PUSHBUTTON 1 ON operand is asserted, but not longer than time period specified
by FLASH MESSAGE TIME setting. After the flash time is expired, the default message or other active target message is
displayed. The instantaneous reset of the flash message will be executed if any relay front panel button is pressed or
any new target or message becomes active.
The PUSHBTN 1 OFF TEXT setting is linked to PUSHBUTTON 1 OFF operand and will be displayed in conjunction with
PUSHBTN 1 ID only if pushbutton element is in the “Latched” mode. The PUSHBTN 1 OFF TEXT message will be displayed
as “Normal” if the PUSHBTN 1 MESSAGE setting is “High Priority” or “Normal”.
• PUSHBUTTON 1 EVENTS: If this setting is enabled, each pushbutton state change will be logged as an event into
event recorder.

The user-programmable pushbutton logic is shown below.

TIMER
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 200 ms
PUSHBUTTON 1 OFF
0
SETTING
Function
LATCHED To user-programmable
= Enabled
pushbuttons logic
= Latched sheet 2, 842024A2
OR LATCHED/SELF-RESET
= Self-Reset
SETTING
Local Lock
Off = 0
Non-volatile latch
AND
S
TIMER
SETTING Latch
50 ms
Remote Lock R
Off = 0 AND
0
SETTING TIMER
OR
Hold 50 ms
TPKP
0
0
OR
SETTING
Set AND
Off = 0
To user-programmable
OR PUSHBUTTON ON pushbuttons logic
OR
sheet 2, 842024A2
SETTING
Reset AND
Off = 0
AND
5
SETTING
SETTING
Autoreset Delay
Autoreset Function
TPKP
= Enabled
AND
= Disabled
0
AND
SETTING
Drop-Out Timer
TIMER 0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 200 ms OR
TRST
PUSHBUTTON 1 ON
0
842021A3.CDR
AND
Figure 5–10: USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTON LOGIC (Sheet 1 of 2)

LCD MESSAGE
ENGAGE MESSAGE
SETTING
Flash Message Time
LATCHED SETTINGS
0 Top Text
AND
OR TRST = XXXXXXXXXX
On Text
= XXXXXXXXXX
Instantaneous
From user-programmable reset *
pushbuttons logic
sheet 1, 842021A3
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
LATCHED/SELF-RESET
AND PUSHBUTTON 1 OFF
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PUSHBUTTON ON PUSHBUTTON 1 ON
The message is temporarily removed if

any keypad button is pressed. Ten (10)
seconds of keypad inactivity restores LCD MESSAGE
SETTING the message.
ENGAGE MESSAGE
Message Priority
AND
= Disabled
= High Priority SETTINGS
= Normal Top Text
= XXXXXXXXXX
OR
On Text
SETTING
= XXXXXXXXXX
Flash Message Time
0
AND
TRST
Instantaneous
Instantaneous reset will be executed if any reset *
front panel button is pressed or any new
target or message becomes active.
5 PUSHBUTTON 1 LED LOGIC

1. If pushbutton 1 LED control is set to off.
Pushbutton 1
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND LED
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND PUSHBUTTON 1 ON
PUSHBUTTON 1 ON
PUSHBUTTON 2 ON 2. If pushbutton 1 LED control is not set to off.
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PUSHBUTTON 3 ON SETTING Pushbutton 1
OR ANY PB ON
PUSHBTN 1 LED CTL LED
= any FlexLogic operand

PUSHBUTTON 16 ON
The enhanced front panel has 16 operands;
the standard front panel has 12 842024A2.CDR
Figure 5–11: USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTON LOGIC (Sheet 2 of 2)

User-programmable pushbuttons require a type HP or HQ faceplate. If an HP or HQ type faceplate was ordered
separately, the relay order code must be changed to indicate the correct faceplate option. This can be done via
NOTE
EnerVista UR Setup with the Maintenance > Enable Pushbutton command.
5.2.15 FLEX STATE PARAMETERS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ FLEX STATE PARAMETERS
FLEX STATE PARAMETER 1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

PARAMETERS Off
PARAMETER 2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
↓
PARAMETER 256: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
This feature provides a mechanism where any of 256 selected FlexLogic™ operand states can be used for efficient moni-
toring. The feature allows user-customized access to the FlexLogic™ operand states in the relay. The state bits are packed
so that 16 states may be read out in a single Modbus register. The state bits can be configured so that all of the states
which are of interest to the user are available in a minimum number of Modbus registers.

The state bits may be read out in the “Flex States” register array beginning at Modbus address 0900h. Sixteen states are
packed into each register, with the lowest-numbered state in the lowest-order bit. There are sixteen registers to accommo-
date the 256 state bits.
5.2.16 USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS
USER-DEFINABLE INVOKE AND SCROLL: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

DISPLAYS Off
USER DISPLAY 1 Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE

MESSAGE

↓

MESSAGE

This menu provides a mechanism for manually creating up to 16 user-defined information displays in a convenient viewing
sequence in the USER DISPLAYS menu (between the TARGETS and ACTUAL VALUES top-level menus). The sub-menus facili-
tate text entry and Modbus register data pointer options for defining the user display content.
Once programmed, the user-definable displays can be viewed in two ways.
• KEYPAD: Use the MENU key to select the USER DISPLAYS menu item to access the first user-definable display (note 5
that only the programmed screens are displayed). The screens can be scrolled using the UP and DOWN keys. The
display disappears after the default message time-out period specified by the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DISPLAY PROPER-
TIES ÖØ DEFAULT MESSAGE TIMEOUT setting.
• USER-PROGRAMMABLE CONTROL INPUT: The user-definable displays also respond to the INVOKE AND SCROLL
setting. Any FlexLogic™ operand (in particular, the user-programmable pushbutton operands), can be used to navi-
gate the programmed displays.
On the rising edge of the configured operand (such as when the pushbutton is pressed), the displays are invoked by
showing the last user-definable display shown during the previous activity. From this moment onward, the operand
acts exactly as the down key and allows scrolling through the configured displays. The last display wraps up to the first
one. The INVOKE AND SCROLL input and the DOWN key operate concurrently.
When the default timer expires (set by the DEFAULT MESSAGE TIMEOUT setting), the relay will start to cycle through the
user displays. The next activity of the INVOKE AND SCROLL input stops the cycling at the currently displayed user dis-
play, not at the first user-defined display. The INVOKE AND SCROLL pulses must last for at least 250 ms to take effect.

b) USER DISPLAY 1(16)

PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS Ö USER DISPLAY 1(16)
USER DISPLAY 1 DISP 1 TOP LINE: Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters

DISP 1 BOTTOM LINE: Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
DISP 1 ITEM 1 Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1

MESSAGE
0
MESSAGE
0
MESSAGE
0
MESSAGE
0
DISP 1 ITEM 5: Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
0
Any existing system display can be automatically copied into an available user display by selecting the existing display and
pressing the ENTER key. The display will then prompt ADD TO USER DISPLAY LIST?. After selecting “Yes”, a message indi-
cates that the selected display has been added to the user display list. When this type of entry occurs, the sub-menus are
automatically configured with the proper content – this content may subsequently be edited.
5 This menu is used to enter user-defined text and user-selected Modbus-registered data fields into the particular user dis-
play. Each user display consists of two 20-character lines (top and bottom). The tilde (~) character is used to mark the start
of a data field - the length of the data field needs to be accounted for. Up to five separate data fields can be entered in a
user display - the nth tilde (~) refers to the nth item.
A User Display may be entered from the faceplate keypad or the EnerVista UR Setup interface (preferred for convenience).
The following procedure shows how to enter text characters in the top and bottom lines from the faceplate keypad:
1. Select the line to be edited.
2. Press the decimal key to enter text edit mode.
3. Use either VALUE key to scroll through the characters. A space is selected like a character.
4. Press the decimal key to advance the cursor to the next position.
5. Repeat step 3 and continue entering characters until the desired text is displayed.
6. The HELP key may be pressed at any time for context sensitive help information.
7. Press the ENTER key to store the new settings.
To enter a numerical value for any of the five items (the decimal form of the selected Modbus address) from the faceplate
keypad, use the number keypad. Use the value of ‘0’ for any items not being used. Use the HELP key at any selected sys-
tem display (setting, actual value, or command) which has a Modbus address, to view the hexadecimal form of the Modbus
address, then manually convert it to decimal form before entering it (EnerVista UR Setup usage conveniently facilitates this
conversion).
Use the MENU key to go to the user displays menu to view the user-defined content. The current user displays will show in
sequence, changing every 4 seconds. While viewing a user display, press the ENTER key and then select the ‘Yes” option
to remove the display from the user display list. Use the MENU key again to exit the user displays menu.

An example user display setup and result is shown below:
USER DISPLAY 1 DISP 1 TOP LINE: Shows user-defined text with first Tilde marker.
Current X ~ A
DISP 1 BOTTOM LINE: Shows user-defined text with second Tilde marker.
MESSAGE
Current Y ~ A
DISP 1 ITEM 1: Shows decimal form of user-selected Modbus Register
MESSAGE Address, corresponding to first Tilde marker.
6016
DISP 1 ITEM 2: Shows decimal form of user-selected Modbus
MESSAGE Register Address, corresponding to 2nd Tilde marker.
6357
DISP 1 ITEM 3: This item is not being used - there is no corresponding
MESSAGE Tilde marker in Top or Bottom lines.
0
MESSAGE Tilde marker in Top or Bottom lines.
0
MESSAGE
0 Tilde marker in Top or Bottom lines.
USER DISPLAYS Current X 0.850 A Shows the resultant display content.

→
Current Y 0.327 A
5.2.17 INSTALLATION
5
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION RELAY SETTINGS: Range: Not Programmed, Programmed

Not Programmed
RELAY NAME: Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
Relay-1
To safeguard against the installation of a relay without any entered settings, the unit will not allow signaling of any output
relay until RELAY SETTINGS is set to "Programmed". This setting is defaulted to "Not Programmed" when at the factory. The
UNIT NOT PROGRAMMED self-test error message is displayed until the relay is put into the "Programmed" state.
The RELAY NAME setting allows the user to uniquely identify a relay. This name will appear on generated reports. This name
is also used to identify specific devices which are engaged in automatically sending/receiving data over the Ethernet com-
munications channel using the IEC 61850 protocol.

5.3 REMOTE RESOURCES 5 SETTINGS
5.3REMOTE RESOURCES 5.3.1 REMOTE RESOURCES CONFIGURATION
When L90 is ordered with a process card module as a part of HardFiber system, then an additional Remote Resources
menu tree is available in EnerVista UR Setup software to allow configuring HardFiber system.
Figure 5–12: REMOTE RESOURCES CONFIGURATION MENU

The remote resources settings configure a L90 with a process bus module to work with devices called Bricks. Remote
resources configuration is only available through the EnerVista UR Setup software, and is not available through the L90
5 front panel. A Brick provides eight AC measurements, along with contact inputs, DC analog inputs, and contact outputs, to
be the remote interface to field equipment such as circuit breakers and transformers. The L90 with a process bus module
has access to all of the capabilities of up to eight Bricks. Remote resources settings configure the point-to-point connection
between specific fiber optic ports on the L90 process card and specific Brick. The relay is then configured to measure spe-
cific currents, voltages and contact inputs from those Bricks, and to control specific outputs.
The configuration process for remote resources is straightforward and consists of the following steps.
• Configure the field units. This establishes the point-to-point connection between a specific port on the relay process
bus module, and a specific digital core on a specific Brick. This is a necessary first step in configuring a process bus
relay.
• Configure the AC banks. This sets the primary and secondary quantities and connections for currents and voltages.
AC bank configuration also provides a provision for redundant measurements for currents and voltages, a powerful
reliability improvement possible with process bus.
• Configure signal sources. This functionality of the L90 has not changed other than the requirement to use currents and
voltages established by AC bank configuration under the remote resources menu.
• Configure field contact inputs, field contact outputs, RTDs, and transducers as required for the application's functional-
ity. These inputs and outputs are the physical interface to circuit breakers, transformers, and other equipment. They
replace the traditional contact inputs and outputs located at the relay to virtually eliminate copper wiring.
• Configure shared inputs and outputs as required for the application's functionality. Shared inputs and outputs are dis-
tinct binary channels that provide high-speed protection quality signaling between relays through a Brick.
For additional information on how to configure a relay with a process bus module, please refer to GE publication number
GEK-113500: HardFiber System Instruction Manual.

5 SETTINGS 5.4 SYSTEM SETUP
5.4SYSTEM SETUP 5.4.1 AC INPUTS
a) CURRENT BANKS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP Ö AC INPUTS Ö CURRENT BANK F1(L5)
CURRENT BANK F1 PHASE CT F1 Range: 1 to 65000 A in steps of 1

PRIMARY: 1 A
PHASE CT F1 Range: 1 A, 5 A
MESSAGE
SECONDARY: 1 A
GROUND CT F1 Range: 1 to 65000 A in steps of 1
MESSAGE
PRIMARY: 1 A
GROUND CT F1 Range: 1 A, 5 A
MESSAGE
SECONDARY: 1 A
Because energy parameters are accumulated, these values should be recorded and then reset immediately
prior to changing CT characteristics.
NOTE
Four banks of phase and ground CTs can be set, where the current banks are denoted in the following format (X represents
the module slot position letter):
Xa, where X = {F, L} and a = {1, 5}.
See the Introduction to AC Sources section at the beginning of this chapter for additional details.
These settings are critical for all features that have settings dependent on current measurements. When the relay is
ordered, the CT module must be specified to include a standard or sensitive ground input. As the phase CTs are connected
in wye (star), the calculated phasor sum of the three phase currents (IA + IB + IC = neutral current = 3Io) is used as the
5
input for the neutral overcurrent elements. In addition, a zero-sequence (core balance) CT which senses current in all of the
circuit primary conductors, or a CT in a neutral grounding conductor may also be used. For this configuration, the ground
CT primary rating must be entered. To detect low level ground fault currents, the sensitive ground input may be used. In this
case, the sensitive ground CT primary rating must be entered. Refer to chapter 3 for more details on CT connections.
Enter the rated CT primary current values. For both 1000:5 and 1000:1 CTs, the entry would be 1000. For correct opera-
tion, the CT secondary rating must match the setting (which must also correspond to the specific CT connections used).
The following example illustrates how multiple CT inputs (current banks) are summed as one source current. Given If the
following current banks:
• F1: CT bank with 500:1 ratio.
• F5: CT bank with 1000: ratio.
• L1: CT bank with 800:1 ratio.
The following rule applies:
SRC 1 = F1 + F5 + L1 (EQ 5.7)
1 pu is the highest primary current. In this case, 1000 is entered and the secondary current from the 500:1 ratio CT will be
adjusted to that created by a 1000:1 CT before summation. If a protection element is set up to act on SRC 1 currents, then
a pickup level of 1 pu will operate on 1000 A primary.
The same rule applies for current sums from CTs with different secondary taps (5 A and 1 A).

5.4 SYSTEM SETUP 5 SETTINGS
b) VOLTAGE BANKS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ÖØ VOLTAGE BANK F5(L5)
VOLTAGE BANK F5 PHASE VT F5 Range: Wye, Delta

CONNECTION: Wye
PHASE VT F5 Range: 25.0 to 240.0 V in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
SECONDARY: 66.4 V
PHASE VT F5 Range: 1.00 to 24000.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
RATIO: 1.00 :1
AUXILIARY VT F5 Range: Vn, Vag, Vbg, Vcg, Vab, Vbc, Vca
MESSAGE
CONNECTION: Vag
AUXILIARY VT F5 Range: 25.0 to 240.0 V in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
SECONDARY: 66.4 V
AUXILIARY VT F5 Range: 1.00 to 24000.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
RATIO: 1.00 :1
Because energy parameters are accumulated, these values should be recorded and then reset immediately
prior to changing VT characteristics.
CAUTION
Two banks of phase/auxiliary VTs can be set, where voltage banks are denoted in the following format (X represents the
module slot position letter):
Xa, where X = {F, L} and a = {5}.
5 See the Introduction to AC sources section at the beginning of this chapter for additional details.
With VTs installed, the relay can perform voltage measurements as well as power calculations. Enter the PHASE VT F5 CON-
NECTION made to the system as “Wye” or “Delta”. An open-delta source VT connection would be entered as “Delta”.
The nominal PHASE VT F5 SECONDARY voltage setting is the voltage across the relay input terminals when nominal
voltage is applied to the VT primary.
NOTE
For example, on a system with a 13.8 kV nominal primary voltage and with a 14400:120 volt VT in a delta connec-
tion, the secondary voltage would be 115; that is, (13800 / 14400) × 120. For a wye connection, the voltage value
entered must be the phase to neutral voltage which would be 115 / 3 = 66.4.
On a 14.4 kV system with a delta connection and a VT primary to secondary turns ratio of 14400:120, the voltage
value entered would be 120; that is, 14400 / 120.
5.4.2 POWER SYSTEM
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ POWER SYSTEM
POWER SYSTEM NOMINAL FREQUENCY: Range: 25 to 60 Hz in steps of 1

60 Hz
PHASE ROTATION: Range: ABC, ACB
MESSAGE
ABC
FREQUENCY AND PHASE Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
REFERENCE: SRC 1
FREQUENCY TRACKING: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Enabled
The power system NOMINAL FREQUENCY value is used as a default to set the digital sampling rate if the system frequency
cannot be measured from available signals. This may happen if the signals are not present or are heavily distorted. Before
reverting to the nominal frequency, the frequency tracking algorithm holds the last valid frequency measurement for a safe
period of time while waiting for the signals to reappear or for the distortions to decay.

The phase sequence of the power system is required to properly calculate sequence components and power parameters.
The PHASE ROTATION setting matches the power system phase sequence. Note that this setting informs the relay of the
actual system phase sequence, either ABC or ACB. CT and VT inputs on the relay, labeled as A, B, and C, must be con-
nected to system phases A, B, and C for correct operation.
The FREQUENCY AND PHASE REFERENCE setting determines which signal source is used (and hence which AC signal) for
phase angle reference. The AC signal used is prioritized based on the AC inputs that are configured for the signal source:
phase voltages takes precedence, followed by auxiliary voltage, then phase currents, and finally ground current.
For three phase selection, phase A is used for angle referencing ( V ANGLE REF = V A ), while Clarke transformation of the
phase signals is used for frequency metering and tracking ( V FREQUENCY = ( 2V A – V B – V C ) ⁄ 3 ) for better performance dur-
ing fault, open pole, and VT and CT fail conditions.
The phase reference and frequency tracking AC signals are selected based upon the Source configuration, regardless of
whether or not a particular signal is actually applied to the relay.
Phase angle of the reference signal will always display zero degrees and all other phase angles will be relative to this sig-
nal. If the pre-selected reference signal is not measurable at a given time, the phase angles are not referenced.
The phase angle referencing is done via a phase locked loop, which can synchronize independent UR-series relays if they
have the same AC signal reference. These results in very precise correlation of time tagging in the event recorder between
different UR-series relays provided the relays have an IRIG-B connection.
FREQUENCY TRACKING should only be set to “Disabled” in very unusual circumstances; consult the factory for spe-
cial variable-frequency applications.
NOTE
The frequency tracking feature will function only when the L90 is in the “Programmed” mode. If the L90 is “Not Pro-
grammed”, then metering values will be available but may exhibit significant errors.
NOTE
5
The nominal system frequency should be selected as 50 Hz or 60 Hz only. The FREQUENCY AND PHASE REFERENCE
setting, used as a reference for calculating all angles, must be identical for all terminals. Whenever the 87L function
NOTE
is “Enabled”, the frequency tracking function is disabled, and frequency tracking is driven by the L90 algorithm (see
the Theory of operation chapter). Whenever the 87L function is “Disabled”, the frequency tracking mechanism
reverts to the UR-series mechanism which uses the FREQUENCY TRACKING setting to provide frequency tracking for
all other elements and functions.
5.4.3 SIGNAL SOURCES
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL SOURCES Ö SOURCE 1(4)
SOURCE 1 SOURCE 1 NAME: Range: up to six alphanumeric characters

SRC 1
SOURCE 1 PHASE CT: Range: None, F1, F5, F1+F5,... up to a combination of
MESSAGE any 6 CTs. Only Phase CT inputs are displayed.
None
SOURCE 1 GROUND CT: Range: None, F1, F5, F1+F5,... up to a combination of
MESSAGE any 6 CTs. Only Ground CT inputs are displayed.
None
SOURCE 1 PHASE VT: Range: None, F5, L5
MESSAGE Only phase voltage inputs will be displayed.
None
SOURCE 1 AUX VT: Range: None, F5, L5
MESSAGE Only auxiliary voltage inputs will be displayed.
None
Identical menus are available for each source. The "SRC 1" text can be replaced by with a user-defined name appropriate
for the associated source.
The first letter in the source identifier represents the module slot position. The number directly following this letter repre-
sents either the first bank of four channels (1, 2, 3, 4) called “1” or the second bank of four channels (5, 6, 7, 8) called “5” in
a particular CT/VT module. Refer to the Introduction to AC sources section at the beginning of this chapter for additional
details on this concept.

It is possible to select the sum of all CT combinations. The first channel displayed is the CT to which all others will be
referred. For example, the selection “F1+F5” indicates the sum of each phase from channels “F1” and “F5”, scaled to
whichever CT has the higher ratio. Selecting “None” hides the associated actual values.
The approach used to configure the AC sources consists of several steps; first step is to specify the information about each
CT and VT input. For CT inputs, this is the nominal primary and secondary current. For VTs, this is the connection type,
ratio and nominal secondary voltage. Once the inputs have been specified, the configuration for each source is entered,
including specifying which CTs will be summed together.
User selection of AC parameters for comparator elements:
CT/VT modules automatically calculate all current and voltage parameters from the available inputs. Users must select the
specific input parameters to be measured by every element in the relevant settings menu. The internal design of the ele-
ment specifies which type of parameter to use and provides a setting for source selection. In elements where the parameter
may be either fundamental or RMS magnitude, such as phase time overcurrent, two settings are provided. One setting
specifies the source, the second setting selects between fundamental phasor and RMS.
AC input actual values:
The calculated parameters associated with the configured voltage and current inputs are displayed in the current and volt-
age sections of actual values. Only the phasor quantities associated with the actual AC physical input channels will be dis-
played here. All parameters contained within a configured source are displayed in the sources section of the actual values.
DISTURBANCE DETECTORS (INTERNAL):
The disturbance detector (ANSI 50DD) element is a sensitive current disturbance detector that detects any disturbance on
the protected system. The 50DD function is intended for use in conjunction with measuring elements, blocking of current
based elements (to prevent maloperation as a result of the wrong settings), and starting oscillography data capture. A dis-
turbance detector is provided for each source.
5 The 50DD function responds to the changes in magnitude of the sequence currents. The disturbance detector scheme
logic is as follows:
SETTING
ACTUAL
PRODUCT SETUP/DISPLAY
SOURCE 1 PROPERTIES/CURRENT
CURRENT PHASOR CUT-OFF LEVEL
I_1 I_1 - I_1’ >2*CUT-OFF FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
I_2 I_2 - I_2’ >2*CUT-OFF OR SRC 1 50DD OP
I_0 I_0 - I_0’ >2*CUT-OFF
Where I’ is 2 cycles old
SETTING
ACTUAL
I_0 I_0 - I_0’ >2*CUT-OFF
Where I’ is 2 cycles old
SETTING
ACTUAL
I_0 I_0 - I_0’ >2*CUT-OFF
Where I’ is 2 cycles old 827092A3.CDR
Figure 5–13: DISTURBANCE DETECTOR LOGIC DIAGRAM

The disturbance detector responds to the change in currents of twice the current cut-off level. The default cut-off threshold
is 0.02 pu; thus by default the disturbance detector responds to a change of 0.04 pu. The metering sensitivity setting (PROD-
UCT SETUP ÖØ DISPLAY PROPERTIES ÖØ CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL) controls the sensitivity of the disturbance detector
accordingly.

EXAMPLE USE OF SOURCES:

An example of the use of sources is shown in the diagram below. A relay could have the following hardware configuration:
INCREASING SLOT POSITION LETTER -->
CT/VT MODULE 1 CT/VT MODULE 2 CT/VT MODULE 3
CTs VTs not applicable
This configuration could be used on a two-winding transformer, with one winding connected into a breaker-and-a-half sys-
tem. The following figure shows the arrangement of sources used to provide the functions required in this application, and
the CT/VT inputs that are used to provide the data.
F1 DSP Bank
F5
Source 1 Source 2
Amps Amps
Source 3
51BF-1 51BF-2
U1 Volts Amps
A W Var 87T
A W Var 51P
Volts Amps
M1
M1
Source 4
5
UR Relay
M5
Figure 5–14: EXAMPLE USE OF SOURCES

5.4.4 L90 POWER SYSTEM
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ 87L POWER SYSTEM
87L POWER SYSTEM NUMBER OF TERMINALS: Range: 2, 3

2
NUMBER OF CHANNELS: Range: 1, 2
MESSAGE
1
CHARGING CURRENT Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
COMPENSATN: Disabled
POS SEQ CAPACITIVE Range: 0.100 to 65.535 kΩ in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
REACTANCE: 0.100 kΩ
ZERO SEQ CAPACITIVE Range: 0.100 to 65.535 kΩ in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
REACTANCE: 0.100 kΩ
ZERO SEQ CURRENT Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
REMOVAL: Disabled
LOCAL RELAY ID Range: 0 to 255 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
NUMBER: 0
‘
TERMINAL 1 RELAY ID Range: 0 to 255 in steps of 1

MESSAGE
NUMBER: 0
TERMINAL 2 RELAY ID Range: 0 to 255 in steps of 1
5 MESSAGE
NUMBER: 0
CHNL ASYM COMP: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BLOCK GPS TIME REF: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
MAX CHNL ASYMMETRY: Range: 0.0 to 10.0 ms in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
1.5 ms
ROUND TRIP TIME Range: 0.0 to 10.0 ms in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
CHANGE: 1.5 ms
Any changes to the L90 power system settings will change the protection system configuration. As such,
the 87L protection at all L90 protection system terminals must be temporarily disabled to allow the relays
NOTE
to acknowledge the new settings.
• NUMBER OF TERMINALS: This setting is the number of the terminals of the associated protected line.
• NUMBER OF CHANNELS: This setting should correspond to the type of communications module installed. If the relay
is applied on two terminal lines with a single communications channel, this setting should be selected as "1". For a two
terminal line with a second redundant channel for increased dependability, or for three terminal line applications, this
setting should be selected as "2".
• CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION: This setting enables and disables the charging current calculations and
corrections of current phasors. The voltage signals used for charging current compensation are taken from the source
assigned with the CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 1 setting. As such, it's critical to ensure that three-phase line voltage is
assigned to this source. The following diagram shows possible configurations.

Possible 3-Reactor Possible 4-Reactor

A B C arrangement Line Capacitive Reactance arrangement A B C
Xreact Xreact
Xreact_n
X1line_capac
X0line_capac 831731A3.CDR
Figure 5–15: CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION CONFIGURATIONS

• POSITIVE and ZERO SEQUENCE CAPACITIVE REACTANCE: The values of positive and zero-sequence capacitive
reactance of the protected line are required for charging current compensation calculations. The line capacitive reac-
tance values should be entered in primary kohms for the total line length. Details of the charging current compensa-
tion algorithm can be found in Chapter 8: Theory of operation.
If shunt reactors are also installed on the line, the resulting value entered in the POS SEQ CAPACITIVE REACTANCE and
ZERO SEQ CAPACITIVE REACTANCE settings should be calculated as follows:
1. Three-reactor arrangement: three identical line reactors (Xreact) solidly connected phase to ground:
X 1line_capac ⋅ X react
X C1 = ------------------------------------------------
X 0line_capac ⋅ X react
, X C0 = ------------------------------------------------ (EQ 5.8)
5
X react – X 1line_capac X react – X 0line_capac
2. Four-reactor arrangement: three identical line reactors (Xreact) wye-connected with the fourth reactor (Xreact_n)
connected between reactor-bank neutral and the ground.
X 1line_capac ⋅ X react X 0line_capac ⋅ ( X react + 3 X react_n )
X C1 = ------------------------------------------------ , X C0 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- (EQ 5.9)
X react – X 1line_capac X react + 3 X react_n – X 0line_capac
X1line_capac = the total line positive-sequence capacitive reactance

X0line_capac = the total line zero-sequence capacitive reactance
Xreact = the total reactor inductive reactance per phase. If identical reactors are installed at both line ends, the
value of the inductive reactance is divided by 2 (or 3 for a three-terminal line) before using in the above
equations. If the reactors installed at both ends of the line are different, the following equations apply:
1. For 2 terminal line: X react = 1 ⁄ ⎛⎝ ----------------------------------- + -----------------------------------⎞⎠
1 1
X X react_terminal1 react_terminal2
= 1 ⁄ ⎛ ---------------------------------- -⎞
1 1 1
2. For 3 terminal line: X react - + ----------------------------------
- + ----------------------------------
⎝X X X ⎠
react_terminal1 react_terminal2 react_terminal3
Xreact_n = the total neutral reactor inductive reactance. If identical reactors are installed at both line ends, the
value of the inductive reactance is divided by 2 (or 3 for a three-terminal line) before using in the above
equations. If the reactors installed at both ends of the line are different, the following equations apply:
1. For 2 terminal line: X react_n = 1 ⁄ ⎛ ---------------------------------------
1 1 -⎞
- + ---------------------------------------
⎝X ⎠
react_n_terminal1 X react_n_terminal2
2. For 3 terminal line: X react_n = 1 ⁄ ⎛ ---------------------------------------

1 1
- + ------------------------------------------ 1 -⎞⎠
+ ---------------------------------------
⎝X
react_n_terminal1 X react__n_terminal2 X react_n_terminal3
Charging current compensation calculations should be performed for an arrangement where the VTs are con-
nected to the line side of the circuit; otherwise, opening the breaker at one end of the line will cause a calcula-
NOTE
tion error.
Differential current is significantly decreased when CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION is “Enabled” and the
proper reactance values are entered. The effect of charging current compensation is viewed in the METERING
NOTE
ÖØ 87L DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT actual values menu. This effect is very dependent on CT and VT accuracy.

• ZERO-SEQUENCE CURRENT REMOVAL: This setting facilitates application of the L90 to transmission lines with one
or more tapped transformers without current measurement at the taps. If the tapped transformer is connected in a
grounded wye on the line side, it becomes a source of the zero-sequence current for external ground faults. As the
transformer current is not measured by the L90 protection system, the zero-sequence current would create a spurious
differential signal and may cause a false trip.
If enabled, this setting forces the L90 to remove zero-sequence current from the phase currents prior to forming their
differential signals, ensuring protection stability on external ground faults. However, zero-sequence current removal
may cause all three phases to trip for internal ground faults. Consequently, a phase selective operation of the L90 is
not retained if the setting is enabled. This does not impose any limitation, as single-pole tripping is not recommended
for lines with tapped transformers. Refer to chapter 9 for guidelines.
• LOCAL (TERMINAL 1 and TERMINAL 2) ID NUMBER: In installations using multiplexers or modems for communica-
tion, it is desirable to ensure the data used by the relays protecting a given line comes from the correct relays. The L90
performs this check by reading the ID number contained in the messages sent by transmitting relays and comparing
this ID to the programmed correct ID numbers by the receiving relays. This check is used to block the differential ele-
ment of a relay, if the channel is inadvertently set to loopback mode, by recognizing its own ID on a received channel.
If an incorrect ID is found on a either channel during normal operation, the FlexLogic™ operand 87 CH1(2) ID FAIL is
set, driving the event with the same name. The result of channel identification is also available in ACTUAL VALUES Ö
STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ VALIDITY OF CHANNEL CONFIGURATION for commissioning purposes. The default value
“0” at local relay ID setting indicates that the channel ID number is not to be checked. Refer to the Current differential
section in this chapter for additional information.
For two-terminal applications, only the LOCAL ID NUMBER and TERMINAL 1 ID NUMBER should be used. The TERMINAL 2
ID NUMBER is used for three-terminal applications.
• CHNL ASYM COMP: This setting enables/disables channel asymmetry compensation. The compensation is based on
absolute time referencing provided by GPS-based clocks via the L90 IRIG-B inputs. This feature should be used on
5 multiplexed channels where channel asymmetry can be expected and would otherwise cause errors in current differ-
ential calculations. The feature takes effect if all terminals are provided with reliable IRIG-B signals. If the IRIG-B signal
is lost at any terminal of the L90 protection system, or the real time clock not configured, then the compensation is not
calculated. If the compensation is in place prior to losing the GPS time reference, the last (memorized) correction is
applied as long as the value of CHNL ASYM COMP is “On”. See chapter 9 for additional information.
The GPS-based compensation for channel asymmetry can take three different effects:
• If CHNL ASYM COMP (GPS) is “Off”, compensation is not applied and the L90 uses only the ping-pong technique.
• If CHNL ASYM COMP (GPS) is “On” and all L90 terminals have a valid time reference (BLOCK GPS TIME REF not set),
then compensation is applied and the L90 effectively uses GPS time referencing tracking channel asymmetry if
the latter fluctuates.
• If CHNL ASYM COMP (GPS) is “On” and not all L90 terminals have a valid time reference (BLOCK GPS TIME REF not
set or IRIG-B FAILURE operand is not asserted), then compensation is not applied (if the system was not compen-
sated prior to the problem), or the memorized (last valid) compensation is used if compensation was in effect prior
to the problem.
The CHNL ASYM COMP setting dynamically turns the GPS compensation on and off. A FlexLogic™ operand that com-
bines several factors is typically used. The L90 protection system does not incorporate any pre-defined way of treating
certain conditions, such as failure of the GPS receiver, loss of satellite signal, channel asymmetry prior to the loss of
reference time, or change of the round trip time prior to loss of the time reference. Virtually any philosophy can be pro-
grammed by selecting the CHNL ASYM COMP setting. Factors to consider are:
• Fail-safe output of the GPS receiver. Some receivers may be equipped with the fail-safe output relay. The L90 sys-
tem requires a maximum error of 250 μs. The fail-safe output of the GPS receiver may be connected to the local
L90 via an input contact. In the case of GPS receiver fail, the channel compensation function can be effectively
disabled by using the input contact in conjunction with the BLOCK GPS TIME REF (GPS) setting.
• Channel asymmetry prior to losing the GPS time reference. This value is measured by the L90 and a user-pro-
grammable threshold is applied to it. The corresponding FlexLogic™ operands are produced if the asymmetry is
above the threshold (87L DIFF MAX 1 ASYM and 87L DIFF 2 MAX ASYM). These operands can be latched in Flex-
Logic™ and combined with other factors to decide, upon GPS loss, if the relays continue to compensate using the
memorized correction. Typically, one may decide to keep compensating if the pre-existing asymmetry was low.

• Change in the round trip travel time. This value is measured by the L90 and a user-programmable threshold
applied to it. The corresponding FlexLogic™ operands are produced if the delta change is above the threshold
(87L DIFF 1 TIME CHNG and 87L DIFF 2 TIME CHNG). These operands can be latched in FlexLogic™ and combined
with other factors to decide, upon GPS loss, if the relays continue to compensate using the memorized correction.
Typically, one may decide to disable compensation if the round trip time changes.
• BLOCK GPS TIME REF: This setting signals to the L90 that the time reference is not valid. The time reference may be
not accurate due to problems with the GPS receiver. The user must to be aware of the case when a GPS satellite
receiver loses its satellite signal and reverts to its own calibrated crystal oscillator. In this case, accuracy degrades in
time and may eventually cause relay misoperation. Verification from the manufacturer of receiver accuracy not worse
than 250 μs and the presence of an alarm contact indicating loss of the satellite signal is strongly recommended. If the
time reference accuracy cannot be guaranteed, it should be relayed to the L90 via contact inputs and GPS compensa-
tion effectively blocked using the contact position in conjunction with the BLOCK GPS TIME REF setting. This setting is
typically a signal from the GPS receiver signaling problems or time inaccuracy.
Some GPS receivers can supply erroneous IRIG-B signals during power-up and before locking to satellites. If the
receiver’s failsafe contact opens during power-up (allowing for an erroneous IRIG-B signal), then set a dropout delay
up to 15 minutes (depending on GPS receiver specifications) to the failsafe contact via FlexLogic™ to prevent incor-
rect relay response.
• MAX CHNL ASYMMETRY: This setting detects excessive channel asymmetry. The same threshold is applied to both
the channels, while the following per-channel FlexLogic™ operands are generated: 87L DIFF 1 MAX ASYM and 87L DIFF
2 MAX ASYM. These operands can be used to alarm on problems with communication equipment and/or to decide
whether channel asymmetry compensation remains in operation should the GPS-based time reference be lost. Chan-
nel asymmetry is measured if both terminals of a given channel have valid time reference.
If the memorized asymmetry value is much greater than expected (indicating a significant problem with IRIG-B timing),
then this operand can be also used to block GPS compensation, forcing the relay to use the memorized asymmetry
value. 5
• ROUND TRIP TIME CHANGE: This setting detects changes in round trip time. This threshold is applied to both chan-
nels, while the 87L DIFF 1 TIME CHNG and 87L DIFF 2 TIME CHNG ASYM per-channel FlexLogic™ operands are gener-
ated. These operands can be used to alarm on problems with communication equipment and/or to decide whether
channel asymmetry compensation remains in operation should the GPS-based time reference be lost.

IRIG-B FAILURE
DETECTED
SETTINGS To Remote Relays

Channel 1 and 2
BLOCK GPS TIME REF: OR 87L GPS Status Fail
Off = 0
IRIG-B SIGNAL TYPE:

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
None = 0 87L DIFF GPS FAIL
CHNL ASYM COMP:

GPS COMPENSATION
Off = 0 RUN
DATA FROM REMOTE

TERMINAL 1
OR
87L Ch 1 Status (OK=1)
AND
87L GPS 1 Status (OK=1) Use Calculated GPS
OR
Correction
DATA FROM REMOTE

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND Update GPS Correction
TERMINAL 2 AND
OR 5 sec AND S Memory
87L Ch 2 Status (OK=1) 87L DIFF PFLL FAIL
AND 0
87L GPS 2 Status (OK=1) R Use Memorized GPS
AND
Correction
SETTINGS Use GPS Correction

AND
of Zero
MAX CHNL ASYMMETRY:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND ROUND TRIP TIME

CHANGE:
87L DIFF GPS 1 FAIL
AND RUN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Ch1 Asymmetry > MAX 87L DIFF 1 MAX ASYM
ACTUAL VALUE
Ch1 Asymmetry
5 RUN
ACTUAL VALUE FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

Ch1 T-Time New -
Ch1 Round Trip Time 87L DIFF 1 TIME CHNG
Ch1 T-Time Old >
CHANGE
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
87L DIFF GPS 2 FAIL
AND RUN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
ACTUAL VALUE Ch2 Asymmetry > MAX 87L DIFF 2 MAX ASYM
Ch2 Asymmetry
RUN
ACTUAL VALUE FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

Ch2 T-Time New -
Ch2 Round Trip Time 87L DIFF 2 TIME CHNG
Ch2 T-Time Old >
CHANGE
831025A4.CDR
Figure 5–16: CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION LOGIC

5.4.5 BREAKERS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ BREAKERS Ö BREAKER 1(4)
BREAKER 1 BREAKER 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
BREAKER1 PUSH BUTTON Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
CONTROL: Disabled
BREAKER 1 NAME: Range: up to 6 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
Bkr 1
BREAKER 1 MODE: Range: 3-Pole, 1-Pole
MESSAGE
3-Pole
BREAKER 1 OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 BLK OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 CLOSE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 BLK CLOSE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 ΦA/3P CLSD: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off 5
BREAKER 1 ΦA/3P OPND: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 ΦB CLOSED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 ΦB OPENED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 ΦC CLOSED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 ΦC OPENED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 Toperate: Range: 0.000 to 2.000 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.070 s
BREAKER 1 EXT ALARM: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 ALARM Range: 0.000 to 1 000 000.000 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
MANUAL CLOSE RECAL1 Range: 0.000 to 1 000 000.000 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
TIME: 0.000 s
BREAKER 1 OUT OF SV: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BREAKER 1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled

A description of the operation of the breaker control and status monitoring features is provided in chapter 4. Only informa-
tion concerning programming of the associated settings is covered here. These features are provided for two or more
breakers; a user may use only those portions of the design relevant to a single breaker, which must be breaker 1.
The number of breaker control elements is dependent on the number of CT/VT modules specified with the L90. The follow-
ing settings are available for each breaker control element.
• BREAKER 1 FUNCTION: This setting enables and disables the operation of the breaker control feature.
• BREAKER1 PUSH BUTTON CONTROL: Set to “Enable” to allow faceplate push button operations.
• BREAKER 1 NAME: Assign a user-defined name (up to six characters) to the breaker. This name will be used in flash
messages related to breaker 1.
• BREAKER 1 MODE: This setting selects “3-pole” mode, where all breaker poles are operated simultaneously, or “1-
pole” mode where all breaker poles are operated either independently or simultaneously.
• BREAKER 1 OPEN: This setting selects an operand that creates a programmable signal to operate an output relay to
open breaker 1.
• BREAKER 1 BLK OPEN: This setting selects an operand that prevents opening of the breaker. This setting can be
used for select-before-operate functionality or to block operation from a panel switch or from SCADA.
• BREAKER 1 CLOSE: This setting selects an operand that creates a programmable signal to operate an output relay
to close breaker 1.
• BREAKER 1 BLK CLOSE: This setting selects an operand that prevents closing of the breaker. This setting can be
used for select-before-operate functionality or to block operation from a panel switch or from SCADA.
• BREAKER 1 ΦA/3P CLOSED: This setting selects an operand, usually a contact input connected to a breaker auxil-
iary position tracking mechanism. This input should be a normally-open 52/a status input to create a logic 1 when the
5 breaker is closed. If the BREAKER 1 MODE setting is selected as “3-Pole”, this setting selects a single input as the oper-
and used to track the breaker open or closed position. If the mode is selected as “1-Pole”, the input mentioned above
is used to track phase A and the BREAKER 1 ΦB and BREAKER 1 ΦC settings select operands to track phases B and C,
respectively.
• BREAKER 1 ΦA/3P OPND: This setting selects an operand, usually a contact input, that should be a normally-closed
52/b status input to create a logic 1 when the breaker is open. If a separate 52/b contact input is not available, then the
inverted BREAKER 1 CLOSED status signal can be used.
• BREAKER 1 ΦB CLOSED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected
as single-pole, this input is used to track the breaker phase B closed position as above for phase A.
• BREAKER 1 ΦB OPENED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected
as single-pole, this input is used to track the breaker phase B opened position as above for phase A.
• BREAKER 1 ΦC CLOSED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected
as single-pole, this input is used to track the breaker phase C closed position as above for phase A.
• BREAKER 1 ΦC OPENED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected
as single-pole, this input is used to track the breaker phase C opened position as above for phase A.
• BREAKER 1 Toperate: This setting specifies the required interval to overcome transient disagreement between the
52/a and 52/b auxiliary contacts during breaker operation. If transient disagreement still exists after this time has
expired, the BREAKER 1 BAD STATUS FlexLogic™ operand is asserted from alarm or blocking purposes.
• BREAKER 1 EXT ALARM: This setting selects an operand, usually an external contact input, connected to a breaker
alarm reporting contact.
• BREAKER 1 ALARM DELAY: This setting specifies the delay interval during which a disagreement of status among
the three-pole position tracking operands will not declare a pole disagreement. This allows for non-simultaneous oper-
ation of the poles.
If single-pole tripping and reclosing is used, the breaker may trip unsymmetrically for faults. In this case, the minimum
alarm delay setting must exceed the maximum time required for fault clearing and reclosing by a suitable margin.
• MANUAL CLOSE RECAL1 TIME: This setting specifies the interval required to maintain setting changes in effect after
an operator has initiated a manual close command to operate a circuit breaker.
• BREAKER 1 OUT OF SV: Selects an operand indicating that breaker 1 is out-of-service.

SETTING
BREAKER 1 FUNCTION
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
= Enabled
AND BREAKER 1 OFF CMD
= Disabled
BREAKER 1 TRIP A
BREAKER 1 TRIP B
AND
SETTING BREAKER 1 TRIP C
BREAKER 1 BLOCK OPEN
Off = 0 AND
D60, L60, and L90 devices only from trip output

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS AND
TRIP PHASE A
TRIP PHASE B
TRIP PHASE C
TRIP 3-POLE
SETTING
BREAKER 1 OPEN
Off = 0
OR
61850 Select & Open

To breaker control
BKR ENABLED logic sheet 2,
USER 3 OFF/ON 842025A1
To open BRK1-(Name)
AND
SETTING
BREAKER 1 PUSHBUTTON
CONTROL
= Enabled
AND
USER 2 OFF/ON
To open BRK1-(Name)
OR
SETTING AND
BREAKER 1 CLOSE
Off = 0
OR
5
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND BREAKER 1 MNL CLS
61850 Select & Close SETTING
MANUAL CLOSE RECAL1 TIME AND
C60, D60, L60, and L90 relays from recloser

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0
AR CLOSE BKR 1
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING
OR AND BREAKER 1 ON CMD
BREAKER 1 BLOCK CLOSE
Off = 0 827061AS.CDR
Figure 5–17: DUAL BREAKER CONTROL SCHEME LOGIC (Sheet 1 of 2)

IEC 61850 functionality is permitted when the L90 is in “Programmed” mode and not in the local control mode.
NOTE

from breaker
control logic
sheet 1, BKR ENABLED
827061AR
SETTING
BREAKER 1 MODE
= 3-Pole FLEXLOGIC OPERAND BREAKER 1
= 1-Pole AND AND BREAKER 1 CLOSED CLOSED
OR (DEFAULT)
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND BREAKER 1

AND AND BREAKER 1 OPEN OPEN
OR (DEFAULT)
SETTING
BREAKER 1 ΦA/3P CLSD
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= Off
AND BREAKER 1 DISCREP
AND
SETTING
SETTING BREAKER 1 ALARM DELAY
BREAKER 1 ΦB CLSD AND
= Off
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND BREAKER 1
OR AND BREAKER 1 TROUBLE TROUBLE
SETTING Note: the BREAKER 1 TROUBLE LED
(DEFAULT)
BREAKER 1 ΦC CLSD AND can be latched using FlexLogic™
= Off
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING
SETTING OR BREAKER 1 BAD STATUS
BREAKER 1 EXT ALARM
BREAKER 1 Toperate
= Off
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND BREAKER 1 ΦA BAD ST
XOR 0 BREAKER 1 ΦA CLSD
SETTING
AND BREAKER 1 ΦA OPEN
BREAKER 1 ΦA/3P OPND
AND BREAKER 1 ΦA INTERM
5 = Off
AND
AND
AND
SETTING
BREAKER 1 Toperate
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND BREAKER 1 ΦB BAD ST
XOR 0 BREAKER 1 ΦB CLSD
SETTING
AND BREAKER 1 ΦB OPEN
BREAKER 1 ΦB OPENED
AND BREAKER 1 ΦB INTERM
= Off
AND
AND
SETTING AND
BREAKER 1 Toperate
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND BREAKER 1 ΦC BAD ST
XOR 0 BREAKER 1 ΦC CLSD
SETTING
AND BREAKER 1 ΦC OPEN
BREAKER 1 ΦC OPENED
AND BREAKER 1 ΦC INTERM
= Off
AND
AND
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND BREAKER 1 ANY P OPEN
AND BREAKER 1 1P OPEN
BREAKER 1 OOS
SETTING AND
XOR
BREAKER 1 OUT OF SV
= Off
AND
842025A1.CDR
Figure 5–18: DUAL BREAKER CONTROL SCHEME LOGIC (Sheet 2 of 2)

5.4.6 DISCONNECT SWITCHES
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SWITCHES Ö SWITCH 1(16)
SWITCH 1 SWITCH 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
SWITCH 1 NAME: Range: up to 6 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
SW 1
SWITCH 1 MODE: Range: 3-Pole, 1-Pole
MESSAGE
3-Pole
SWITCH 1 OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWITCH 1 BLK OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWITCH 1 CLOSE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWITCH 1 BLK CLOSE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWTCH 1 ΦA/3P CLSD: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWTCH 1 ΦA/3P OPND: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off 5
SWITCH 1 ΦB CLOSED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWITCH 1 ΦB OPENED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWITCH 1 ΦC CLOSED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWITCH 1 ΦC OPENED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SWITCH 1 Toperate: Range: 0.000 to 2.000 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.070 s
SWITCH 1 ALARM Range: 0.000 to 1 000 000.000 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
SWITCH 1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The disconnect switch element contains the auxiliary logic for status and serves as the interface for opening and closing of
disconnect switches from SCADA or through the front panel interface. The disconnect switch element can be used to cre-
ate an interlocking functionality. For greater security in determination of the switch pole position, both the 52/a and 52/b
auxiliary contacts are used with reporting of the discrepancy between them. The number of available disconnect switches
depends on the number of the CT/VT modules ordered with the L90.
• SWITCH 1 FUNCTION: This setting enables and disables the operation of the disconnect switch element.
• SWITCH 1 NAME: Assign a user-defined name (up to six characters) to the disconnect switch. This name will be used
in flash messages related to disconnect switch 1.
• SWITCH 1 MODE: This setting selects “3-pole” mode, where all disconnect switch poles are operated simultaneously,
or “1-pole” mode where all disconnect switch poles are operated either independently or simultaneously.

• SWITCH 1 OPEN: This setting selects an operand that creates a programmable signal to operate an output relay to
open disconnect switch 1.
• SWITCH 1 BLK OPEN: This setting selects an operand that prevents opening of the disconnect switch. This setting
can be used for select-before-operate functionality or to block operation from a panel switch or from SCADA.
• SWITCH 1 CLOSE: This setting selects an operand that creates a programmable signal to operate an output relay to
close disconnect switch 1.
• SWITCH 1 BLK CLOSE: This setting selects an operand that prevents closing of the disconnect switch. This setting
can be used for select-before-operate functionality or to block operation from a panel switch or from SCADA.
• SWTCH 1 ΦA/3P CLSD: This setting selects an operand, usually a contact input connected to a disconnect switch
auxiliary position tracking mechanism. This input should be a normally-open 52/a status input to create a logic 1 when
the disconnect switch is closed. If the SWITCH 1 MODE setting is selected as “3-Pole”, this setting selects a single input
as the operand used to track the disconnect switch open or closed position. If the mode is selected as “1-Pole”, the
input mentioned above is used to track phase A and the SWITCH 1 ΦB and SWITCH 1 ΦC settings select operands to
track phases B and C, respectively.
• SWITCH 1 ΦA/3P OPND: This setting selects an operand, usually a contact input, that should be a normally-closed
52/b status input to create a logic 1 when the disconnect switch is open. If a separate 52/b contact input is not avail-
able, then the inverted SWITCH 1 CLOSED status signal can be used.
• SWITCH 1 ΦB CLOSED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected as
single-pole, this input is used to track the disconnect switch phase B closed position as above for phase A.
• SWITCH 1 ΦB OPENED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected as
single-pole, this input is used to track the disconnect switch phase B opened position as above for phase A.
• SWITCH 1 ΦC CLOSED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected as
5 single-pole, this input is used to track the disconnect switch phase C closed position as above for phase A.
• SWITCH 1 ΦC OPENED: If the mode is selected as three-pole, this setting has no function. If the mode is selected as
single-pole, this input is used to track the disconnect switch phase C opened position as above for phase A.
• SWITCH 1 Toperate: This setting specifies the required interval to overcome transient disagreement between the 52/a
and 52/b auxiliary contacts during disconnect switch operation. If transient disagreement still exists after this time has
expired, the SWITCH 1 BAD STATUS FlexLogic™ operand is asserted from alarm or blocking purposes.
• SWITCH 1 ALARM DELAY: This setting specifies the delay interval during which a disagreement of status among the
three-pole position tracking operands will not declare a pole disagreement. This allows for non-simultaneous operation
of the poles.
IEC 61850 functionality is permitted when the L90 is in “Programmed” mode and not in the local control mode.
NOTE

SETTING
SWITCH 1 FUNCTION
= Disabled
= Enabled
SETTING
SWITCH 1 OPEN FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= Off AND SWITCH 1 OFF CMD
OR
SETTING 61850 Select & Open
SWITCH 1 BLK OPEN
= Off
SETTING
SWITCH 1 CLOSE
= Off FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR AND SWITCH 1 ON CMD
SETTING 61850 Select & Close
SWITCH 1 BLK CLOSE
= Off
SETTING
SWITCH 1 MODE
= 3-Pole FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= 1-Pole AND AND SWITCH 1 CLOSED
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND AND SWITCH 1 OPEN
OR
SETTING
SWTCH 1 ΦA/3P CLSD
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= Off
AND SWITCH 1 DISCREP
AND
SETTING
SETTING SWITCH 1 ALARM DELAY
SWITCH 1 ΦB CLOSED
= Off
AND
0
5
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR AND SWITCH 1 TROUBLE
SETTING
SWITCH 1 ΦC CLOSED AND
= Off
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING OR SWITCH 1 BAD STATUS
SWITCH 1 Toperate
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND SWITCH 1 ΦA BAD ST
XOR 0 SWITCH 1 ΦA CLSD
SETTING
AND SWITCH 1 ΦA OPEN
SWTCH 1 ΦA/3P OPND
AND SWITCH 1 ΦA INTERM
= Off
AND
AND
AND
SETTING
SWITCH 1 Toperate
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND SWITCH 1 ΦB BAD ST
XOR 0 SWITCH 1 ΦB CLSD
SETTING
AND SWITCH 1 ΦB OPEN
SWITCH 1 ΦB OPENED
AND SWITCH 1 ΦB INTERM
= Off
AND
AND
SETTING AND
SWITCH 1 Toperate
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND SWITCH 1 ΦC BAD ST
XOR 0 SWITCH 1 ΦC CLSD
SETTING
AND SWITCH 1 ΦC OPEN
SWITCH 1 ΦC OPENED
AND SWITCH 1 ΦC INTERM
= Off
AND
AND
AND
842026A3.CDR
Figure 5–19: DISCONNECT SWITCH SCHEME LOGIC

5.4.7 FLEXCURVES™
a) SETTINGS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ FLEXCURVES Ö FLEXCURVE A(D)
FLEXCURVE A FLEXCURVE A TIME AT Range: 0 to 65535 ms in steps of 1

0.00 xPKP: 0 ms
FlexCurves™ A through D have settings for entering times to reset and operate at the following pickup levels: 0.00 to 0.98
and 1.03 to 20.00. This data is converted into two continuous curves by linear interpolation between data points. To enter a
custom FlexCurve™, enter the reset and operate times (using the VALUE keys) for each selected pickup point (using the
MESSAGE UP/DOWN keys) for the desired protection curve (A, B, C, or D).
Table 5–5: FLEXCURVE™ TABLE

RESET TIME RESET TIME OPERATE TIME OPERATE TIME OPERATE TIME OPERATE TIME
MS MS MS MS MS MS
0.00 0.68 1.03 2.9 4.9 10.5
0.05 0.70 1.05 3.0 5.0 11.0
0.10 0.72 1.1 3.1 5.1 11.5
0.15 0.74 1.2 3.2 5.2 12.0
0.20 0.76 1.3 3.3 5.3 12.5
5 0.25 0.78 1.4 3.4 5.4 13.0
0.30 0.80 1.5 3.5 5.5 13.5
0.35 0.82 1.6 3.6 5.6 14.0
0.40 0.84 1.7 3.7 5.7 14.5
0.45 0.86 1.8 3.8 5.8 15.0
0.48 0.88 1.9 3.9 5.9 15.5
0.50 0.90 2.0 4.0 6.0 16.0
0.52 0.91 2.1 4.1 6.5 16.5
0.54 0.92 2.2 4.2 7.0 17.0
0.56 0.93 2.3 4.3 7.5 17.5
0.58 0.94 2.4 4.4 8.0 18.0
0.60 0.95 2.5 4.5 8.5 18.5
0.62 0.96 2.6 4.6 9.0 19.0
0.64 0.97 2.7 4.7 9.5 19.5
0.66 0.98 2.8 4.8 10.0 20.0
The relay using a given FlexCurve™ applies linear approximation for times between the user-entered
points. Special care must be applied when setting the two points that are close to the multiple of pickup of
NOTE
1; that is, 0.98 pu and 1.03 pu. It is recommended to set the two times to a similar value; otherwise, the lin-
ear approximation may result in undesired behavior for the operating quantity that is close to 1.00 pu.

b) FLEXCURVE™ CONFIGURATION WITH ENERVISTA UR SETUP

The EnerVista UR Setup software allows for easy configuration and management of FlexCurves™ and their associated
data points. Prospective FlexCurves™ can be configured from a selection of standard curves to provide the best approxi-
mate fit, then specific data points can be edited afterwards. Alternately, curve data can be imported from a specified file
(.csv format) by selecting the Import Data From EnerVista UR Setup setting.
Curves and data can be exported, viewed, and cleared by clicking the appropriate buttons. FlexCurves™ are customized
by editing the operating time (ms) values at pre-defined per-unit current multiples. Note that the pickup multiples start at
zero (implying the "reset time"), operating time below pickup, and operating time above pickup.
c) RECLOSER CURVE EDITING

Recloser curve selection is special in that recloser curves can be shaped into a composite curve with a minimum response
time and a fixed time above a specified pickup multiples. There are 41 recloser curve types supported. These definite oper-
ating times are useful to coordinate operating times, typically at higher currents and where upstream and downstream pro-
tective devices have different operating characteristics. The recloser curve configuration window shown below appears
when the Initialize From EnerVista UR Setup setting is set to “Recloser Curve” and the Initialize FlexCurve button is
clicked.
Multiplier: Scales (multiplies) the curve operating times
Addr: Adds the time specified in this field (in ms) to each
curve operating time value.
Minimum Response Time (MRT): If enabled, the MRT setting

defines the shortest operating time even if the curve suggests
a shorter time at higher current multiples. A composite operating
characteristic is effectively defined. For current multiples lower
5
than the intersection point, the curve dictates the operating time;
otherwise, the MRT does. An information message appears
when attempting to apply an MRT shorter than the minimum
curve time.
High Current Time: Allows the user to set a pickup multiple

from which point onwards the operating time is fixed. This is
normally only required at higher current levels. The HCT Ratio
defines the high current pickup multiple; the HCT defines the
operating time.
842721A1.CDR
Figure 5–20: RECLOSER CURVE INITIALIZATION

The multiplier and adder settings only affect the curve portion of the characteristic and not the MRT and HCT set-
tings. The HCT settings override the MRT settings for multiples of pickup greater than the HCT ratio.
NOTE

d) EXAMPLE
A composite curve can be created from the GE_111 standard with MRT = 200 ms and HCT initially disabled and then
enabled at eight (8) times pickup with an operating time of 30 ms. At approximately four (4) times pickup, the curve operat-
ing time is equal to the MRT and from then onwards the operating time remains at 200 ms (see below).
842719A1.CDR
Figure 5–21: COMPOSITE RECLOSER CURVE WITH HCT DISABLED

With the HCT feature enabled, the operating time reduces to 30 ms for pickup multiples exceeding 8 times pickup.
842720A1.CDR
Figure 5–22: COMPOSITE RECLOSER CURVE WITH HCT ENABLED

Configuring a composite curve with an increase in operating time at increased pickup multiples is not allowed. If this
is attempted, the EnerVista UR Setup software generates an error message and discards the proposed changes.
NOTE
e) STANDARD RECLOSER CURVES

The standard recloser curves available for the L90 are displayed in the following graphs.

1 GE106
0.5
0.2
TIME (sec)
GE103
GE104 GE105
0.1
0.05
GE101 GE102
0.02
0.01
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
CURRENT (multiple of pickup) 842723A1.CDR
5
Figure 5–23: RECLOSER CURVES GE101 TO GE106
50
20 GE142
10
5
GE138
TIME (sec)
1 GE120
GE113
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
Figure 5–24: RECLOSER CURVES GE113, GE120, GE138 AND GE142

50
20
10
GE201
TIME (sec)
GE151
2
GE134 GE140
1
GE137
0.5
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20

CURRENT (multiple of pickup)
5 Figure 5–25: RECLOSER CURVES GE134, GE137, GE140, GE151 AND GE201
842730A1.CDR
50
GE152
20
TIME (sec)
GE141
10
GE131
5
GE200
2
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
Figure 5–26: RECLOSER CURVES GE131, GE141, GE152, AND GE200

50
20
GE164
10
2
TIME (sec)
GE162
1
0.5
GE133
0.2
GE165
0.1
0.05
GE161
0.02 GE163
0.01
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
Figure 5–27: RECLOSER CURVES GE133, GE161, GE162, GE163, GE164 AND GE165 5
20
GE132
10
1
TIME (sec)
0.5 GE139
0.2
GE136
0.1
GE116
0.05
GE118 GE117
0.02
0.01
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
Figure 5–28: RECLOSER CURVES GE116, GE117, GE118, GE132, GE136, AND GE139

20
10
5
GE122
2
1
TIME (sec)
0.5
GE114
0.2
GE111
GE121
0.1
0.05 GE115 GE112

GE107
0.02
0.01
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
5 Figure 5–29: RECLOSER CURVES GE107, GE111, GE112, GE114, GE115, GE121, AND GE122
50
20
GE202
10
TIME (sec)
GE135
2 GE119
0.5
0.2
1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
Figure 5–30: RECLOSER CURVES GE119, GE135, AND GE202

5.4.8 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT
PHASOR MEASUREMENT PHASOR MEASUREMENT

See below.
UNIT UNIT 1
REPORTING OVER
MESSAGE See page 5-98.
NETWORK
The L90 Line Current Differential System is provided with an optional phasor measurement unit feature.
This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. The number of phasor measurement
units available is also dependent on this option. Refer to the Ordering section of chapter 2 for additional
details.
The PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT menu allows specifying basic parameters of the measurements process such as signal
source, ID and station name, calibration data, triggering, recording, and content for transmission on each of the supported
ports. The reporting ports menus allow specifying the content and rate of reporting on each of the supported ports.
Precise IRIG-B input is vital for correct synchrophasor measurement and reporting. A DC level shift IRIG-B receiver
must be used for the phasor measurement unit to output proper synchrophasor values.
NOTE
The PMU settings are organized in five logical groups as follows.

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT 1
5
PHASOR MEASUREMENT PMU 1 BASIC
See page 5-84.
UNIT 1 CONFIGURATION
PMU 1
CALIBRATION
PMU 1
COMMUNICATION
PMU 1
TRIGGERING
PMU 1
RECORDING

b) BASIC CONFIGURATION
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR... ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT 1 Ö PMU 1 BASIC CONFIGURATION
PMU 1 BASIC PMU 1 Range: Enabled, Disabled

CONFIGURATION FUNCTION: Disabled
PMU 1 IDCODE: 1 Range: 1 to 65534 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
PMU 1 STN: Range: 16 alphanumeric characters

MESSAGE
GE-UR-PMU
PMU 1 SIGNAL SOURCE: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC 1
PMU 1 POST-FILTER: Range: available post-filters as per table below
MESSAGE
Symm-3-point
This section contains basic phasor measurement unit (PMU) data, such as functions, source settings, and names.
• PMU 1 FUNCTION: This setting enables the PMU 1 functionality. Any associated functions (such as the recorder or
triggering comparators) will not function if this setting is “Disabled”. Use the command frame to force the communica-
tion portion of the feature to start/stop transmission of data. When the transmission is turned off, the PMU is fully oper-
ational in terms of calculating and recording the phasors.
• PMU 1 IDCODE: This setting assigns a numerical ID to the PMU. It corresponds to the IDCODE field of the data, con-
figuration, header, and command frames of the C37.118 protocol. The PMU uses this value when sending data, config-
uration, and header frames and responds to this value when receiving the command frame.
5 • PMU 1 STN: This setting assigns an alphanumeric ID to the PMU station. It corresponds to the STN field of the config-
uration frame of the C37.118 protocol. This value is a 16-character ASCII string as per the C37.118 standard.
• PMU 1 SIGNAL SOURCE: This setting specifies one of the available L90 signal sources for processing in the PMU.
Note that any combination of voltages and currents can be configured as a source. The current channels could be con-
figured as sums of physically connected currents. This facilitates PMU applications in breaker-and-a-half, ring-bus, and
similar arrangements. The PMU feature calculates voltage phasors for actual voltage (A, B, C, and auxiliary) and cur-
rent (A, B, C, and ground) channels of the source, as well as symmetrical components (0, 1, and 2) of both voltages
and currents. When configuring communication and recording features of the PMU, the user could select – from the
above superset – the content to be sent out or recorded.
• PMU 1 POST-FILTER: This setting specifies amount of post-filtering applied to raw synchrophasor measurements.
The raw measurements are produced at the rate of nominal system frequency using one-cycle data windows. This set-
ting is provided to deal with interfering frequencies and to balance speed and accuracy of synchrophasor measure-
ments for different applications. The following filtering choices are available:
Table 5–6: POST-FILTER CHOICES

SELECTION CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FILTER
None No post-filtering
Symm-3-point Symmetrical 3-point filter (1 historical point, 1 present point, 1 future point)
Symm-5-point Symmetrical 5-point filter (2 historical points, 1 present point, 2 future points)
Symm-7-point Symmetrical 7-point filter (3 historical points, 1 present point, 3 future points)
This setting applies to all channels of the PMU. It is effectively for recording and transmission on all ports configured to
use data of this PMU.

c) CALIBRATION
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR... ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT 1(4) ÖØ PMU 1 CALIBRATION
PMU 1 PMU 1 VA CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05

CALIBRATION ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 VB CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 VC CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 VX CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 IA CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 IB CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 IC CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 IG CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 SEQ VOLT SHIFT Range: –180 to 180° in steps of 30
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0°
PMU 1 SEQ CURR SHIFT Range: –180 to 180° in steps of 30 5
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0°
This menu contains user angle calibration data for the phasor measurement unit (PMU). This data is combined with the fac-
tory adjustments to shift the phasors for better accuracy.
• PMU 1 VA... IG CALIBRATION ANGLE: These settings recognize applications with protection class voltage and cur-
rent sources, and allow the user to calibrate each channel (four voltages and four currents) individually to offset errors
introduced by VTs, CTs, and cabling. The setting values are effectively added to the measured angles. Therefore, enter
a positive correction of the secondary signal lags the true signal; and negative value if the secondary signal leads the
true signal.
• PMU 1 SEQ VOLT SHIFT ANGLE: This setting allows correcting positive- and negative-sequence voltages for vector
groups of power transformers located between the PMU voltage point, and the reference node. This angle is effectively
added to the positive-sequence voltage angle, and subtracted from the negative-sequence voltage angle. Note that:
1. When this setting is not “0°”, the phase and sequence voltages will not agree. Unlike sequence voltages, the
phase voltages cannot be corrected in a general case, and therefore are reported as measured.
2. When receiving synchrophasor date at multiple locations, with possibly different reference nodes, it may be more
beneficial to allow the central locations to perform the compensation of sequence voltages.
3. This setting applies to PMU data only. The L90 calculates symmetrical voltages independently for protection and
control purposes without applying this correction.
4. When connected to line-to-line voltages, the PMU calculates symmetrical voltages with the reference to the AG
voltage, and not to the physically connected AB voltage (see the Metering Conventions section in Chapter 6).
• PMU 1 SEQ CURR SHIFT ANGLE: This setting allows correcting positive and negative-sequence currents for vector
groups of power transformers located between the PMU current point and the reference node. The setting has the
same meaning for currents as the PMU 1 SEQ VOLT SHIFT ANGLE setting has for voltages. Normally, the two correcting
angles are set identically, except rare applications when the voltage and current measuring points are located at differ-
ent windings of a power transformer.

d) PMU COMMUNICATION
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT... ÖØ PMU 1 COMMUNICATION ÖØ PMU 1 COMM PORT
PMU 1 PMU1 COMM PORT: Range: None, Network, GOOSE

COMM PORT 1 None
PMU1 PORT PHS-1 Range: available synchrophasor values
MESSAGE
PMU 1 V1
PMU1 PORT PHS-1 Range: 16-character ASCII string
MESSAGE
NM: GE-UR-PMU1-V1
↓
PMU1 PORT PHS-14 Range: available synchrophasor values

MESSAGE
PMU 1 V1
PMU1 PORT PHS-14 Range: 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
NM: GE-UR-PMU1-V1
PMU1 PORT A-CH-1: Range: available FlexAnalog values
MESSAGE
Off
PMU1 PORT A-CH-1 Range: 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
NM: AnalogChannel1
↓
PMU1 PORT A-CH-8: Range: available FlexAnalog values

MESSAGE
5 Off
PMU1 PORT A-CH-8 Range: 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
NM: AnalogChannel8
PMU1 PORT D-CH-1: Range: FlexLogic™ operands
MESSAGE
Off
PMU1 PORT D-CH-1 Range: 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
NM: DigitalChannel1
PMU1 PORT D-CH-1 Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
NORMAL STATE: Off
↓
PMU1 PORT D-CH-16: Range: FlexLogic™ operands

MESSAGE
Off
PMU1 PORT D-CH-16 Range: 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
NM: DigitalChannel16
PMU1 PORT D-CH-16 Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
NORMAL STATE: Off
This section configures the phasor measurement unit (PMU) communication functions.
• PMU1 COMM PORT: This setting specifies the communication port for transmission of the PMU data.

• PMU1 PORT PHS-1 to PMU1 PORT PHS-14: These settings specify synchrophasors to be transmitted from the
superset of all synchronized measurements. The available synchrophasor values are tabulated below.
SELECTION MEANING
Va First voltage channel, either Va or Vab
Vb Second voltage channel, either Vb or Vbc
Vc Third voltage channel, either Vc or Vca
Vx Fourth voltage channel
Ia Phase A current, physical channel or summation as per the source settings
Ib Phase B current, physical channel or summation as per the source settings
Ic Phase C current, physical channel or summation as per the source settings
Ig Fourth current channel, physical or summation as per the source settings
V1 Positive-sequence voltage, referenced to Va
V2 Negative-sequence voltage, referenced to Va
V0 Zero-sequence voltage
I1 Positive-sequence current, referenced to Ia
I2 Negative-sequence current, referenced to Ia
I0 Zero-sequence current
These settings allow for optimizing the frame size and maximizing transmission channel usage, depending on a given
application. Select “Off” to suppress transmission of a given value.
• PMU1 PORT PHS-1 NM to PMU1 PORT PHS-14 NM: These settings allow for custom naming of the synchrophasor
channels. Sixteen-character ASCII strings are allowed as in the CHNAM field of the configuration frame. These names
are typically based on station, bus, or breaker names.
5
• PMU1 PORT A-CH-1 to PMU1 PORT A-CH-8: These settings specify any analog data measured by the relay to be
included as a user-selectable analog channel of the data frame. Up to eight analog channels can be configured to send
any FlexAnalog value from the relay. Examples include active and reactive power, per phase or three-phase power,
power factor, temperature via RTD inputs, and THD. The configured analog values are sampled concurrently with the
synchrophasor instant and sent as 32-bit floating point values.
• PMU1 PORT A-CH-1 NM to PMU1 PORT A-CH-8 NM: These settings allow for custom naming of the analog chan-
nels. Sixteen-character ASCII strings are allowed as in the CHNAM field of the configuration frame.
• PMU1 PORT D-CH-1 to PMU1 PORT D-CH-16: These settings specify any digital flag measured by the relay to be
included as a user-selectable digital channel of the data frame. Up to sixteen digital channels can be configured to
send any FlexLogic™ operand from the relay. The configured digital flags are sampled concurrently with the synchro-
phasor instant. The values are mapped into a two-byte integer number, with byte 1 LSB corresponding to the digital
channel 1 and byte 2 MSB corresponding to digital channel 16.
• PMU1 PORT D-CH-1 NM to PMU1 PORT D-CH-16 NM: These settings allow for custom naming of the digital chan-
nels. Sixteen-character ASCII strings are allowed as in the CHNAM field of the configuration frame.
• PMU1 PORT D-CH-1 NORMAL STATE to PMU1 PORT D-CH-16 NORMAL STATE: These settings allow for specify-
ing a normal state for each digital channel. These states are transmitted in configuration frames to the data concentra-
tor.

e) PMU TRIGGERING OVERVIEW

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR... ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT 1 ÖØ PMU 1 TRIGGERING
PMU 1 PMU 1 USER

See page 5-88.
TRIGGERING TRIGGER
PMU 1 FREQUENCY
TRIGGER
PMU 1 VOLTAGE
TRIGGER
PMU 1 CURRENT
TRIGGER
PMU 1 POWER
TRIGGER
PMU 1 df/dt
TRIGGER
Each logical phasor measurement unit (PMU) contains five triggering mechanisms to facilitate triggering of the associated
PMU recorder, or cross-triggering of other PMUs of the system. They are:
• Overfrequency and underfrequency.
• Overvoltage and undervoltage.
• Overcurrent.
5 • Overpower.
• High rate of change of frequency.
The pre-configured triggers could be augmented with a user-specified condition built freely using programmable logic of the
relay. The entire triggering logic is refreshed once every two power system cycles.
All five triggering functions and the user-definable condition are consolidated (ORed) and connected to the PMU recorder.
Each trigger can be programmed to log its operation into the event recorder, and to signal its operation via targets. The five
triggers drive the STAT bits of the data frame to inform the destination of the synchrophasor data regarding the cause of
trigger. The following convention is adopted to drive bits 11, 3, 2, 1, and 0 of the STAT word.
SETTING
PMU 1 USER TRIGGER:
Off = 0
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR
bit 0
OR
PMU 1 ROCOF TRIGGER bit 3, bit 11 PMU 1 TRIGGERED
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER

OR
bit 1 PMU 1 recorder

PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER bit 2
847004A1.CDR
Figure 5–31: STAT BITS LOGIC
f) USER TRIGGERING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT... ÖØ PMU 1 TRIGGERING ÖØ PMU 1 USER TRIGGER
PMU 1 USER PMU1 USER TRIGGER: Range: FlexLogic™ operands

TRIGGER Off
The user trigger allows customized triggering logic to be constructed from FlexLogic™. The entire triggering logic is
refreshed once every two power system cycles.

g) FREQUENCY TRIGGERING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT... ÖØ PMU 1 TRIGGERING ÖØ PMU 1 FREQUENCY TRIGGER
PMU 1 FREQUENCY PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled

TRIGGER FUNCTION: Disabled
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: 20.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
LOW-FREQ: 49.00 Hz
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: 20.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
HIGH-FREQ: 61.00 Hz
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP TIME: 0.10 s
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DPO TIME: 1.00 s
PMU 1 FREQ TRIG BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-Reset
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The trigger responds to the frequency signal of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) source. The frequency is calculated
from either phase voltages, auxiliary voltage, phase currents and ground current, in this hierarchy, depending on the source
configuration as per L90 standards. This element requires the frequency is above the minimum measurable value. If the 5
frequency is below this value, such as when the circuit is de-energized, the trigger will drop out.
• PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER LOW-FREQ: This setting specifies the low threshold for the abnormal frequency trigger. The
comparator applies a 0.03 Hz hysteresis.
• PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER HIGH-FREQ: This setting specifies the high threshold for the abnormal frequency trigger. The
comparator applies a 0.03 Hz hysteresis.
• PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER PKP TIME: This setting could be used to filter out spurious conditions and avoid unnecessary
triggering of the recorder.
• PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER DPO TIME: This setting could be used to extend the trigger after the situation returned to nor-
mal. This setting is of particular importance when using the recorder in the forced mode (recording as long as the trig-
gering condition is asserted).
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER
SETTINGS PMU 1 ROCOF TRIGGER FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
PMU 1 TRIGGERED
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER SETTING
FUNCTION:
PMU 1 USER TRIGGER:
Enabled = 1
Off = 0
AND
PMU 1 FREQ TRIG BLK:

Off = 0
SETTINGS SETTINGS
to STAT bits of
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER LOW-FREQ: PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER PKP TIME: the data frame
SETTING
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER HIGH-FREQ: PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER DPO TIME:
PMU 1 SIGNAL FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
RUN
SOURCE: 0< f < LOW-FREQ tPKP
OR PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER
FREQUENCY, f f > HIGH-FREQ tDPO
847002A2.CDR
Figure 5–32: FREQUENCY TRIGGER SCHEME LOGIC

h) VOLTAGE TRIGGERING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT... ÖØ PMU 1 TRIGGERING ÖØ PMU 1 VOLTAGE TRIGGER
PMU 1 VOLTAGE PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled

PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Range: 0.250 to 1.250 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
LOW-VOLT: 0.800 pu
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Range: 0.750 to 1.750 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
HIGH-VOLT: 1.200 pu
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP TIME: 0.10 s
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DPO TIME: 1.00 s
PMU 1 VOLT TRIG BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-Reset
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
This element responds to abnormal voltage. Separate thresholds are provided for low and high voltage. In terms of signal-
ing its operation, the element does not differentiate between the undervoltage and overvoltage events. The trigger
5 responds to the phase voltage signal of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) source. All voltage channels (A, B, and C or
AB, BC, and CA) are processed independently and could trigger the recorder. A minimum voltage supervision of 0.1 pu is
implemented to prevent pickup on a de-energized circuit, similarly to the undervoltage protection element.
• PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER LOW-VOLT: This setting specifies the low threshold for the abnormal voltage trigger, in per-
unit of the PMU source. 1 pu is a nominal voltage value defined as the nominal secondary voltage times VT ratio. The
comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.
• PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER HIGH-VOLT: This setting specifies the high threshold for the abnormal voltage trigger, in per-
unit of the PMU source. 1 pu is a nominal voltage value defined as the nominal secondary voltage times VT ratio. The
comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.
• PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER PKP TIME: This setting could be used to filter out spurious conditions and avoid unnecessary
• PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER DPO TIME: This setting could be used to extend the trigger after the situation returned to nor-

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTINGS
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER
FUNCTION:
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER
Enabled = 1
PMU 1 ROCOF TRIGGER FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
PMU 1 VOLT TRIG BLK:
OR
PMU 1 TRIGGERED
Off = 0 SETTING
SETTINGS PMU 1 USER TRIGGER:

SETTINGS PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER LOW-VOLT: Off = 0
PMU 1 SIGNAL PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER HIGH-VOLT:

SOURCE:
RUN SETTINGS
VT CONNECTION: PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER PKP TIME: to STAT bits of
(0.1pu < V < LOW-VOLT) OR the data frame
WYE DELTA (V > HIGH-VOLT) PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER DPO TIME:
VA VAB (0.1pu < V < LOW-VOLT) OR FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR
(V > HIGH-VOLT) tPKP
VB VBC PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER
(0.1pu < V < LOW-VOLT) OR
VC VCA (V > HIGH-VOLT) tDPO
847005A1.CDR
Figure 5–33: VOLTAGE TRIGGER SCHEME LOGIC
i) CURRENT TRIGGERING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT... ÖØ PMU 1 TRIGGERING ÖØ PMU 1 CURRENT TRIGGER
PMU 1 CURRENT PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled

PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Range: 0.100 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.800 pu 5
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP TIME: 0.10 s
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DPO TIME: 1.00 s
PMU 1 CURR TRIG BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-Reset
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
This element responds to elevated current. The trigger responds to the phase current signal of the phasor measurement
unit (PMU) source. All current channel (A, B, and C) are processed independently and could trigger the recorder.
• PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER PICKUP: This setting specifies the pickup threshold for the overcurrent trigger, in per unit of
the PMU source. A value of 1 pu is a nominal primary current. The comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.
• PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER PKP TIME: This setting could be used to filter out spurious conditions and avoid unneces-
sary triggering of the recorder.
• PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER DPO TIME: This setting could be used to extend the trigger after the situation returned to nor-

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER
SETTINGS
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER
FUNCTION:
OR
PMU 1 TRIGGERED
Enabled = 1 SETTING
PMU 1 CURR TRIG BLK: AND PMU 1 USER TRIGGER:
Off = 0 Off = 0
SETTINGS
SETTINGS SETTINGS
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER PICKUP:
to STAT bits of
PMU 1 SIGNAL PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER PKP TIME: the data frame
RUN
SOURCE:
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER DPO TIME:
IA I > PICKUP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
tPKP
OR
IB I > PICKUP PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER
IC I > PICKUP tDPO
847000A1.CDR
Figure 5–34: CURRENT TRIGGER SCHEME LOGIC
j) POWER TRIGGERING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT... ÖØ PMU 1 TRIGGERING ÖØ PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER
PMU 1 POWER PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled

PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER Range: 0.250 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
5 MESSAGE
ACTIVE: 1.250 pu
MESSAGE
REACTIVE: 1.250 pu
MESSAGE
APPARENT: 1.250 pu
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP TIME: 0.10 s
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DPO TIME: 1.00 s
PMU 1 PWR TRIG BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-Reset
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
This element responds to abnormal power. Separate thresholds are provided for active, reactive, and apparent powers. In
terms of signaling its operation the element does not differentiate between the three types of power. The trigger responds to
the single-phase and three-phase power signals of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) source.
• PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER ACTIVE: This setting specifies the pickup threshold for the active power of the source. For
single-phase power, 1 pu is a product of 1 pu voltage and 1 pu current, or the product of nominal secondary voltage,
the VT ratio and the nominal primary current. For the three-phase power, 1 pu is three times that for a single-phase
power. The comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.
• PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER REACTIVE: This setting specifies the pickup threshold for the reactive power of the
source. For single-phase power, 1 pu is a product of 1 pu voltage and 1 pu current, or the product of nominal second-
ary voltage, the VT ratio and the nominal primary current. For the three-phase power, 1 pu is three times that for a sin-
gle-phase power. The comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.

• PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER APPARENT: This setting specifies the pickup threshold for the apparent power of the
source. For single-phase power, 1 pu is a product of 1 pu voltage and 1 pu current, or the product of nominal second-
ary voltage, the VT ratio and the nominal primary current. For the three-phase power, 1 pu is three times that for a sin-
gle-phase power. The comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.
• PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER PKP TIME: This setting could be used to filter out spurious conditions and avoid unneces-
sary triggering of the recorder.
• PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER DPO TIME: This setting could be used to extend the trigger after the situation returned to
normal. This setting is of particular importance when using the recorder in the forced mode (recording as long as the
triggering condition is asserted).
SETTINGS
PMU 1 POWER
TRIGGER FUNCTION: FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Enabled = 1 PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER
AND
PMU 1 PWR TRIG BLK: PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER

SETTINGS
Off = 0 PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER ACTIVE:
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER REACTIVE:
OR
PMU 1 TRIGGERED
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER APPARENT: SETTING
SETTINGS
RUN PMU 1 USER TRIGGER:
PMU 1 SIGNAL SOURCE:
Off = 0
ACTIVE POWER, PA abs(P) > ACTIVE PICKUP
ACTIVE POWER, PB abs(P) > ACTIVE PICKUP
SETTINGS
ACTIVE POWER, PC abs(P) > ACTIVE PICKUP to STAT bits of
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER PKP TIME: the data frame
3P ACTIVE POWER, P abs(P) > 3*(ACTIVE PICKUP)
REACTIVE POWER, QA
REACTIVE POWER, QB
abs(Q) > REACTIVE PICKUP
abs(Q) > REACTIVE PICKUP
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER DPO TIME:
tPKP
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 5
OR
PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER

REACTIVE POWER, QC abs(Q) > REACTIVE PICKUP
tDPO
3P REACTIVE POWER, Q abs(Q) > 3*(REACTIVE PICKUP)
APPARENT POWER, SA S > APPARENT PICKUP
APPARENT POWER, SB S > APPARENT PICKUP
APPARENT POWER, SC S > APPARENT PICKUP
3P APPARENT POWER, S S > 3*(APPARENT PICKUP)
847003A1.CDR
Figure 5–35: POWER TRIGGER SCHEME LOGIC

k) DF/DT TRIGGERING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT... ÖØ PMU 1 TRIGGERING ÖØ PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER
PMU 1 df/dt PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled

PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: 0.10 to 15.00 Hz/s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
RAISE: 0.25 Hz/s
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: 0.10 to 15.00 Hz/s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
FALL: 0.25 Hz/s
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP TIME: 0.10 s
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DPO TIME: 1.00 s
PMU 1 df/dt TRG BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-Reset
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
This element responds to frequency rate of change. Separate thresholds are provided for rising and dropping frequency.
The trigger responds to the rate of change of frequency (df/dt) of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) source.
5 • PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER RAISE: This setting specifies the pickup threshold for the rate of change of frequency in the
raising direction (positive df/dt). The comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.
• PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER FALL: This setting specifies the pickup threshold for the rate of change of frequency in the fall-
ing direction (negative df/dt). The comparator applies a 3% hysteresis.
• PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER PKP TIME: This setting could be used to filter out spurious conditions and avoid unnecessary
• PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER DPO TIME: This setting could be used to extend the trigger after the situation returned to nor-
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER
PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER
SETTINGS PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
PMU 1 TRIGGERED
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER SETTING
FUNCTION:
PMU 1 USER TRIGGER:
Enabled = 1
Off = 0
AND
PMU 1 df/dt TRG BLK:

Off = 0
SETTINGS SETTINGS
to STAT bits of
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER RAISE: PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER PKP TIME: the data frame
SETTING
PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER FALL: PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER DPO TIME:
PMU 1 SIGNAL FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
RUN
SOURCE: df/dt > RAISE tPKP
OR PMU 1 ROCOF TRIGGER
ROCOF, df/dt –df/dt > FALL tDPO
847000A1.CDR
Figure 5–36: RATE OF CHANGE OF FREQUENCY TRIGGER SCHEME LOGIC

l) PMU RECORDING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR... ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT 1 ÖØ PMU 1 RECORDING
PMU 1 PMU 1 RECORDING Range: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, or 60 times
RECORDING RATE: 10/sec per second
PMU 1 NO OF TIMED Range: 2 to 128 in steps of 1

MESSAGE
RECORDS: 10
PMU 1 TRIGGER MODE: Range: Automatic Overwrite, Protected
MESSAGE
Automatic Overwrite
PMU 1 TIMED TRIGGER Range: 1 to 50% in steps of 1
MESSAGE
POSITION: 10%
PMU 1 REC PHS-1: Range: available synchrophasor values
MESSAGE
PMU 1 V1
PMU 1 REC PHS-1 Range: 16 character ASCII string
MESSAGE
NM: GE-UR-PMU-V1
↓
PMU 1 REC PHS-14: Range: available synchrophasor values

MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 REC PHS-14 Range: 16 character ASCII string
MESSAGE
NM: GE-UR-PMU-PHS-14
Range: available FlexAnalog values
MESSAGE
PMU 1 REC A-CH-1:
Off
5
PMU 1 REC A-CH-1 Range: 16 character ASCII string
MESSAGE
NM: AnalogChannel1
↓
PMU 1 REC A-CH-8: Range: available FlexAnalog values

MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 REC A-CH-8 Range: 16 character ASCII string
MESSAGE
NM: AnalogChannel8
PMU 1 REC D-CH-1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 REC D-CH-1 Range: 16 character ASCII string
MESSAGE
NM: DigitalChannel1
↓
PMU 1 REC D-CH-16: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
PMU 1 REC D-CH-16 Range: 16 character ASCII string
MESSAGE
NM: DigitalChannel16
Each logical phasor measurement unit (PMU) is associated with a recorder. The triggering condition is programmed via the
PMU 1 TRIGGERING menu. The recorder works with polar values using resolution as in the PMU actual values.

TRIGGER
REC
847709A2.CDR
Figure 5–37: PMU RECORDING

• PMU 1 RECORDING RATE: This setting specifies the recording rate for the record content. Not all recording rates are
applicable to either 50 or 60 Hz systems (for example, recording at 25 phasors a second in a 60 Hz system). The relay
supports decimation by integer number of phasors from the nominal system frequency. If the rate of 25 is selected for
the 60 Hz system, the relay would decimate the rate of 60 phasors a second by round (60 / 25) = 2; that is, it would
record at 60 / 2 = 30 phasors a second.
• PMU 1 NO OF TIMED RECORDS: This setting specifies how many timed records are available for a given logical
PMU. The length of each record equals available memory divided by the content size and number of records. The
higher the number of records, the shorter each record. The relay supports a maximum of 128 records.
• PMU 1 TRIGGER MODE: This setting specifies what happens when the recorder uses its entire available memory
storage. If set to “Automatic Overwrite”, the last record is erased to facilitate new recording, when triggered.
If set to “Protected”, the recorder stops creating new records when the entire memory is used up by the old un-cleared
records. Refer to chapter 7 for more information on clearing PMU records.
The following set of figures illustrate the concept of memory management via the PMU 1 TRIGGER MODE setting.
Total memory for all logical PMUs
5 Memory available for the logical PMU
Record Record Record Free Free

Other logical PMUs
1 2 3 memory memory
Record Record Record Record Free

Other logical PMUs
1 2 3 4 memory
Record Record Record Record Record

Other logical PMUs
1 2 3 4 5

Other logical PMUs
6 2 3 4 5
847705A1.CDR
Figure 5–38: “AUTOMATIC OVERWRITE” MODE
Total memory for all logical PMUs
Memory available for the logical PMU
Record Record Record Free Free

Other logical PMUs
1 2 3 memory memory
Record Record Record Record Free

Other logical PMUs
1 2 3 4 memory

Other logical PMUs
1 2 3 4 5
No further recording after all allocated memory is used 847706A1.CDR
Figure 5–39: “PROTECTED” MODE

• PMU 1 TIMED TRIGGER POSITION: This setting specifies the amount of pre-trigger data in percent of the entire
record.
• PMU1 PORT 1 PHS-1 to PMU1 PORT 1 PHS-14: These settings specify synchrophasors to be recorded from the
superset of all synchronized measurements as indicated in the following table. These settings allow for optimizing the
record size and content depending on a given application. Select “Off” to suppress recording of a given value.
VALUE DESCRIPTION
Va First voltage channel, either Va or Vab
Vb Second voltage channel, either Vb or Vbc
Vc Third voltage channel, either Vc or Vca
Vx Fourth voltage channel
Ia Phase A current, physical channel or summation as per the source settings
Ib Phase B current, physical channel or summation as per the source settings
Ic Phase C current, physical channel or summation as per the source settings
Ig Fourth current channel, physical or summation as per the source settings
V1 Positive-sequence voltage, referenced to Va
V2 Negative-sequence voltage, referenced to Va
V0 Zero-sequence voltage
I1 Positive-sequence current, referenced to Ia
I2 Negative-sequence current, referenced to Ia
I0 Zero-sequence current
• PMU 1 REC PHS-1 NM to PMU 1 REC PHS-14 NM: These settings allow for custom naming of the synchrophasor
channels. Sixteen-character ASCII strings are allowed as in the CHNAM field of the configuration frame. Typically
these names would be based on station, bus, or breaker names.
5
• PMU 1 REC A-CH-1 to PMU 1 REC A-CH-8: These settings specify analog data measured by the relay to be included
as a user-selectable analog channel of the record. Up to eight analog channels can be configured to record any Flex-
Analog value from the relay. Examples include active and reactive power, per phase or three-phase power, power fac-
tor, temperature via RTD inputs, and THD. The configured analogs are sampled concurrently with the synchrophasor
instant.
• PMU 1 REC A-CH-1 NM to PMU 1 REC A-CH-8 NM: These settings allow for custom naming of the analog channels.
Sixteen-character ASCII strings are allowed as in the CHNAM field of the configuration frame.
• PMU 1 REC D-CH-1 to PMU 1 REC D-CH-16: These settings specify any digital flag measured by the relay to be
included as a user-selectable digital channel in the record. Up to digital analog channels can be configured to record
any FlexLogic™ operand from the relay. The configured digital flags are sampled concurrently with the synchrophasor
instant.
• PMU 1 REC D-CH-1 NM to PMU 1 REC D-CH-16 NM: This setting allows custom naming of the digital channels. Six-
teen-character ASCII strings are allowed as in the CHNAM field of the configuration frame.

m) NETWORK CONNECTION
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ PHASOR... ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT 1(4) ÖØ REPORTING OVER NETWORK
REPORTING OVER NETWORK REPORTING Range: Enabled, Disabled

NETWORK FUNCTION: Disabled
NETWORK REPORTING Range: 1 to 65534 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
IDCODE: 1
NETWORK REPORTING Range: 1, 2, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, or 60 times per
MESSAGE second
RATE: 10 per sec
NETWORK REPORTING Range: Polar, Rectangular
MESSAGE
STYLE: Polar
NETWORK REPORTING Range: Integer, Floating
MESSAGE
FORMAT: Integer
NETWORK PDC CONTROL: Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
NETWORK TCP PORT: Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
4712
NETWORK UDP PORT 1: Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
4713
NETWORK UDP PORT 2: Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
4714
5 The Ethernet connection works simultaneously with other communication means working over the Ethernet and is config-
ured as follows. Up to three clients can be simultaneously supported.
• NETWORK REPORTING IDCODE: This setting specifies an IDCODE for the entire port. Individual PMU streams
transmitted over this port are identified via their own IDCODES as per the device settings. This IDCODE is to be used
by the command frame to start or stop transmission, and request configuration or header frames.
• NETWORK REPORTING RATE: This setting specifies the reporting rate for the network (Ethernet) port. This value
applies to all PMU streams of the device that are assigned to transmit over this port.
• NETWORK REPORTING STYLE: This setting selects between reporting synchrophasors in rectangular (real and
imaginary) or in polar (magnitude and angle) coordinates. This setting complies with bit-0 of the format field of the
C37.118 configuration frame.
• NETWORK REPORTING FORMAT: This setting selects between reporting synchrophasors as 16-bit integer or 32-bit
IEEE floating point numbers. This setting complies with bit 1 of the format field of the C37.118 configuration frame.
Note that this setting applies to synchrophasors only – the user-selectable FlexAnalog channels are always transmit-
ted as 32-bit floating point numbers.
• NETWORK PDC CONTROL: The synchrophasor standard allows for user-defined controls originating at the PDC, to
be executed on the PMU. The control is accomplished via an extended command frame. The relay decodes the first
word of the extended field, EXTFRAME, to drive 16 dedicated FlexLogic operands: PDC NETWORK CNTRL 1 (from the
least significant bit) to PDC NETWORK CNTRL 16 (from the most significant bit). Other words, if any, in the EXTFRAME
are ignored. The operands are asserted for 5 seconds following reception of the command frame. If the new command
frame arrives within the 5 second period, the FlexLogic™ operands are updated, and the 5 second timer is re-started.
This setting enables or disables the control. When enabled, all 16 operands are active; when disabled all 16 operands
remain reset.
• NETWORK TCP PORT: This setting selects the TCP port number that will be used for network reporting.
• NETWORK UDP PORT 1: This setting selects the first UDP port that will be used for network reporting.
• NETWORK UDP PORT 2: This setting selects the second UDP port that will be used for network reporting.

5 SETTINGS 5.5 FLEXLOGIC™
5.5FLEXLOGIC™ 5.5.1 INTRODUCTION TO FLEXLOGIC™
To provide maximum flexibility to the user, the arrangement of internal digital logic combines fixed and user-programmed
parameters. Logic upon which individual features are designed is fixed, and all other logic, from digital input signals through
elements or combinations of elements to digital outputs, is variable. The user has complete control of all variable logic
through FlexLogic™. In general, the system receives analog and digital inputs which it uses to produce analog and digital
outputs. The major sub-systems of a generic UR-series relay involved in this process are shown below.
Figure 5–40: UR ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW

The states of all digital signals used in the L90 are represented by flags (or FlexLogic™ operands, which are described
later in this section). A digital “1” is represented by a 'set' flag. Any external contact change-of-state can be used to block an
element from operating, as an input to a control feature in a FlexLogic™ equation, or to operate a contact output. The state
of the contact input can be displayed locally or viewed remotely via the communications facilities provided. If a simple
scheme where a contact input is used to block an element is desired, this selection is made when programming the ele-
ment. This capability also applies to the other features that set flags: elements, virtual inputs, remote inputs, schemes, and
human operators.
If more complex logic than presented above is required, it is implemented via FlexLogic™. For example, if it is desired to
have the closed state of contact input H7a and the operated state of the phase undervoltage element block the operation of
the phase time overcurrent element, the two control input states are programmed in a FlexLogic™ equation. This equation
ANDs the two control inputs to produce a virtual output which is then selected when programming the phase time overcur-
rent to be used as a blocking input. Virtual outputs can only be created by FlexLogic™ equations.
Traditionally, protective relay logic has been relatively limited. Any unusual applications involving interlocks, blocking, or
supervisory functions had to be hard-wired using contact inputs and outputs. FlexLogic™ minimizes the requirement for
auxiliary components and wiring while making more complex schemes possible.

5.5 FLEXLOGIC™ 5 SETTINGS
The logic that determines the interaction of inputs, elements, schemes and outputs is field programmable through the use
of logic equations that are sequentially processed. The use of virtual inputs and outputs in addition to hardware is available
internally and on the communication ports for other relays to use (distributed FlexLogic™).
FlexLogic™ allows users to customize the relay through a series of equations that consist of operators and operands. The
operands are the states of inputs, elements, schemes and outputs. The operators are logic gates, timers and latches (with
set and reset inputs). A system of sequential operations allows any combination of specified operands to be assigned as
inputs to specified operators to create an output. The final output of an equation is a numbered register called a virtual out-
put. Virtual outputs can be used as an input operand in any equation, including the equation that generates the output, as a
seal-in or other type of feedback.
A FlexLogic™ equation consists of parameters that are either operands or operators. Operands have a logic state of 1 or 0.
Operators provide a defined function, such as an AND gate or a Timer. Each equation defines the combinations of parame-
ters to be used to set a Virtual Output flag. Evaluation of an equation results in either a 1 (=ON, i.e. flag set) or 0 (=OFF, i.e.
flag not set). Each equation is evaluated at least 4 times every power system cycle.
Some types of operands are present in the relay in multiple instances; e.g. contact and remote inputs. These types of oper-
ands are grouped together (for presentation purposes only) on the faceplate display. The characteristics of the different
types of operands are listed in the table below.
Table 5–7: L90 FLEXLOGIC™ OPERAND TYPES

OPERAND TYPE STATE EXAMPLE FORMAT CHARACTERISTICS
[INPUT IS ‘1’ (= ON) IF...]
Contact Input On Cont Ip On Voltage is presently applied to the input (external contact
closed).
Off Cont Ip Off Voltage is presently not applied to the input (external
contact open).
5 Contact Output
(type Form-A contact
Current On Cont Op 1 Ion Current is flowing through the contact.
only) Voltage On Cont Op 1 VOn Voltage exists across the contact.

Voltage Off Cont Op 1 VOff Voltage does not exists across the contact.
Direct Input On DIRECT INPUT 1 On The direct input is presently in the ON state.
Element Pickup PHASE TOC1 PKP The tested parameter is presently above the pickup setting
(Analog) of an element which responds to rising values or below the
pickup setting of an element which responds to falling
values.
Dropout PHASE TOC1 DPO This operand is the logical inverse of the above PKP
operand.
Operate PHASE TOC1 OP The tested parameter has been above/below the pickup
setting of the element for the programmed delay time, or
has been at logic 1 and is now at logic 0 but the reset timer
has not finished timing.
Block PHASE TOC1 BLK The output of the comparator is set to the block function.
Element Pickup Dig Element 1 PKP The input operand is at logic 1.
(Digital)
Dropout Dig Element 1 DPO This operand is the logical inverse of the above PKP
operand.
Operate Dig Element 1 OP The input operand has been at logic 1 for the programmed
pickup delay time, or has been at logic 1 for this period and
is now at logic 0 but the reset timer has not finished timing.
Element Higher than Counter 1 HI The number of pulses counted is above the set number.
(Digital Counter)
Equal to Counter 1 EQL The number of pulses counted is equal to the set number.
Lower than Counter 1 LO The number of pulses counted is below the set number.
Fixed On On Logic 1
Off Off Logic 0
Remote Input On REMOTE INPUT 1 On The remote input is presently in the ON state.
Virtual Input On Virt Ip 1 On The virtual input is presently in the ON state.
Virtual Output On Virt Op 1 On The virtual output is presently in the set state (i.e.
evaluation of the equation which produces this virtual
output results in a "1").

The operands available for this relay are listed alphabetically by types in the following table.
Table 5–8: L90 FLEXLOGIC™ OPERANDS (Sheet 1 of 9)
OPERAND TYPE OPERAND SYNTAX OPERAND DESCRIPTION
CONTROL CONTROL PUSHBTN 1 ON Control pushbutton 1 is being pressed
PUSHBUTTONS CONTROL PUSHBTN 2 ON Control pushbutton 2 is being pressed
CONTROL PUSHBTN 3 ON Control pushbutton 3 is being pressed
ELEMENT: 50DD SV Disturbance detector has operated
50DD supervision
ELEMENT: 87L DIFF OP At least one phase of current differential is operated
87L current 87L DIFF OP A Phase A of current differential has operated
differential 87L DIFF OP B Phase B of current differential has operated
87L DIFF OP C Phase C of current differential has operated
87L DIFF RECVD DTT A Direct transfer trip phase A has been received
87L DIFF RECVD DTT B Direct transfer trip phase B has been received
87L DIFF RECVD DTT C Direct transfer trip phase C has been received
87L DIFF KEY DTT Direct transfer trip is keyed
87L DIFF PFLL FAIL Phase and frequency lock loop (PFLL) has failed
87L DIFF CH ASYM DET Channel asymmetry greater than 1.5 ms detected
87L DIFF CH1 FAIL Channel 1 has failed
87L DIFF CH2 FAIL Channel 2 has failed
87L DIFF CH1 LOSTPKT Exceeded maximum lost packet threshold on channel 1
87L DIFF CH2 LOSTPKT Exceeded maximum lost packet threshold on channel 2
87L DIFF CH1 CRCFAIL Exceeded maximum CRC error threshold on channel 1
87L DIFF CH2 CRCFAIL Exceeded maximum CRC error threshold on channel 2
87L DIFF CH1 ID FAIL The ID check for a peer L90 on channel 1 has failed
87L DIFF CH2 ID FAIL The ID check for a peer L90 on channel 2 has failed
87L DIFF GPS FAIL The GPS signal failed or is not configured properly at any terminal
87L DIFF 1 MAX ASYM Asymmetry on channel 1 exceeded preset value
87L DIFF 2 MAX ASYM
87L DIFF 1 TIME CHNG
Asymmetry on channel 2 exceeded preset value
Change in round trip delay on channel 1 exceeded preset value
5
87L DIFF 2 TIME CHNG Change in round trip delay on channel 2 exceeded preset value
87L DIFF GPS 1 FAIL GPS failed at remote terminal 1 (channel 1)
87L DIFF GPS 2 FAIL GPS failed at remote terminal 1 (channel 2)
87L DIFF BLOCKED The 87L function is blocked due to communication problems
ELEMENT: 87L TRIP OP At least one phase of the trip output element has operated
87L differential trip 87L TRIP OP A Phase A of the trip output element has operated
87L TRIP OP B Phase B of the trip output element has operated
87L TRIP OP C Phase C of the trip output element has operated
87L TRIP 1P OP Single-pole trip is initiated
87L TRIP 3P OP Three-pole trip is initiated
ELEMENT: AR ENABLED Autoreclosure is enabled and ready to perform
Autoreclose AR DISABLED Autoreclosure is disabled
(1P/3P) AR RIP Autoreclosure is in “reclose-in-progress” state
AR 1-P RIP A single-pole reclosure is in progress
AR 3-P/1 RIP A three-pole reclosure is in progress, via dead time 1
AR LO Autoreclosure is in lockout state
AR BKR1 BLK Reclosure of breaker 1 is blocked
AR BKR2 BLK Reclosure of breaker 2 is blocked
AR CLOSE BKR1 Reclose breaker 1 signal
AR CLOSE BKR2 Reclose breaker 2 signal
AR FORCE 3-P TRIP Force any trip to a three-phase trip
AR SHOT CNT > 0 The first ‘CLOSE BKR X’ signal has been issued
AR SHOT CNT = 1 Shot count is equal to 1
AR ZONE 1 EXTENT The zone 1 distance function must be set to the extended overreach value
AR INCOMPLETE SEQ The incomplete sequence timer timed out
AR RESET Autoreclose has been reset either manually or by the reset timer
ELEMENT: AUX OV1 PKP Auxiliary overvoltage element has picked up
Auxiliary AUX OV1 DPO Auxiliary overvoltage element has dropped out
overvoltage AUX OV1 OP Auxiliary overvoltage element has operated
AUX OV2 to AUX OV3 Same set of operands as shown for AUX OV1


ELEMENT: AUX UV1 PKP Auxiliary undervoltage element has picked up
Auxiliary AUX UV1 DPO Auxiliary undervoltage element has dropped out
undervoltage AUX UV1 OP Auxiliary undervoltage element has operated
AUX UV2 to AUX UV3 Same set of operands as shown for AUX UV1
ELEMENT BKR 1 FLSHOVR PKP A Breaker 1 flashover element phase A has picked up
Breaker flashover BKR 1 FLSHOVR PKP B Breaker 1 flashover element phase B has picked up
BKR 1 FLSHOVR PKP C Breaker 1 flashover element phase C has picked up
BKR 1 FLSHOVR PKP Breaker 1 flashover element has picked up
BKR 1 FLSHOVR OP A Breaker 1 flashover element phase A has operated
BKR 1 FLSHOVR OP B Breaker 1 flashover element phase B has operated
BKR 1 FLSHOVR OP C Breaker 1 flashover element phase C has operated
BKR 1 FLSHOVR OP Breaker 1 flashover element has operated
BKR 1 FLSHOVR DPO A Breaker 1 flashover element phase A has dropped out
BKR 1 FLSHOVR DPO B Breaker 1 flashover element phase B has dropped out
BKR 1 FLSHOVR DPO C Breaker 1 flashover element phase C has dropped out
BKR 1 FLSHOVR DPO Breaker 1 flashover element has dropped out
BKR 2 FLSHOVR... Same set of operands as shown for BKR 1 FLSHOVR
ELEMENT: BKR ARC 1 OP Breaker arcing current 1 has operated
Breaker arcing BKR ARC 2 OP Breaker arcing current 2 has operated
ELEMENT BKR FAIL 1 RETRIPA Breaker failure 1 re-trip phase A (only for 1-pole schemes)
Breaker failure BKR FAIL 1 RETRIPB Breaker failure 1 re-trip phase B (only for 1-pole schemes)
BKR FAIL 1 RETRIPC Breaker failure 1 re-trip phase C (only for 1-pole schemes)
BKR FAIL 1 RETRIP Breaker failure 1 re-trip 3-phase
BKR FAIL 1 T1 OP Breaker failure 1 timer 1 is operated
BKR FAIL 1 TRIP OP Breaker failure 1 trip is operated
BKR FAIL 2... Same set of operands as shown for BKR FAIL 1
5 ELEMENT: BREAKER 1 OFF CMD Breaker 1 open command initiated
Breaker control BREAKER 1 ON CMD Breaker 1 close command initiated
BREAKER 1 ΦA BAD ST Breaker 1 phase A bad status is detected (discrepancy between the 52/a and
52/b contacts)
BREAKER 1 ΦA INTERM Breaker 1 phase A intermediate status is detected (transition from one
position to another)
BREAKER 1 ΦA CLSD Breaker 1 phase A is closed
BREAKER 1 ΦA OPEN Breaker 1 phase A is open
BREAKER 1 ΦB BAD ST Breaker 1 phase B bad status is detected (discrepancy between the 52/a and
52/b contacts)
BREAKER 1 ΦB CLSD Breaker 1 phase B is closed
BREAKER 1 ΦB OPEN Breaker 1 phase B is open
BREAKER 1 ΦC BAD ST Breaker 1 phase C bad status is detected (discrepancy between the 52/a and
52/b contacts)
BREAKER 1 ΦC CLSD Breaker 1 phase C is closed
BREAKER 1 ΦC OPEN Breaker 1 phase C is open
BREAKER 1 BAD STATUS Breaker 1 bad status is detected on any pole
BREAKER 1 CLOSED Breaker 1 is closed
BREAKER 1 OPEN Breaker 1 is open
BREAKER 1 DISCREP Breaker 1 has discrepancy
BREAKER 1 TROUBLE Breaker 1 trouble alarm
BREAKER 1 MNL CLS Breaker 1 manual close
BREAKER 1 TRIP A Breaker 1 trip phase A command
BREAKER 1 TRIP B Breaker 1 trip phase B command
BREAKER 1 TRIP C Breaker 1 trip phase C command
BREAKER 1 ANY P OPEN At least one pole of breaker 1 is open
BREAKER 1 ONE P OPEN Only one pole of breaker 1 is open
BREAKER 1 OOS Breaker 1 is out of service
BREAKER 2... Same set of operands as shown for BREAKER 1
ELEMENT: CONT MONITOR PKP Continuous monitor has picked up
Continuous monitor CONT MONITOR OP Continuous monitor has operated
ELEMENT: CT FAIL PKP CT fail has picked up
CT fail CT FAIL OP CT fail has dropped out
ELEMENT: Counter 1 HI Digital counter 1 output is ‘more than’ comparison value
Digital counters Counter 1 EQL Digital counter 1 output is ‘equal to’ comparison value
Counter 1 LO Digital counter 1 output is ‘less than’ comparison value
Counter 2 to Counter 8 Same set of operands as shown for Counter 1


ELEMENT: Dig Element 1 PKP Digital Element 1 is picked up
Digital elements Dig Element 1 OP Digital Element 1 is operated
Dig Element 1 DPO Digital Element 1 is dropped out
Dig Element 2 to Dig Element 48 Same set of operands as shown for Dig Element 1
ELEMENT: FxE 1 PKP FlexElement™ 1 has picked up
FlexElements™ FxE 1 OP FlexElement™ 1 has operated
FxE 1 DPO FlexElement™ 1 has dropped out
FxE 2 to FxE 8 Same set of operands as shown for FxE 1
ELEMENT: GND DIST Z1 PKP Ground distance zone 1 has picked up
Ground distance GND DIST Z1 OP Ground distance zone 1 has operated
GND DIST Z1 OP A Ground distance zone 1 phase A has operated
GND DIST Z1 OP B Ground distance zone 1 phase B has operated
GND DIST Z1 OP C Ground distance zone 1 phase C has operated
GND DIST Z1 PKP A Ground distance zone 1 phase A has picked up
GND DIST Z1 PKP B Ground distance zone 1 phase B has picked up
GND DIST Z1 PKP C Ground distance zone 1 phase C has picked up
GND DIST Z1 SUPN IN Ground distance zone 1 neutral is supervising
GND DIST Z1 DPO A Ground distance zone 1 phase A has dropped out
GND DIST Z1 DPO B Ground distance zone 1 phase B has dropped out
GND DIST Z1 DPO C Ground distance zone 1 phase C has dropped out
GND DIST Z2 DIR SUPN Ground distance zone 2 directional is supervising
GND DIST Z2 to Z3 Same set of operands as shown for GND DIST Z1
ELEMENT: GROUND IOC1 PKP Ground instantaneous overcurrent 1 has picked up
Ground GROUND IOC1 OP Ground instantaneous overcurrent 1 has operated
instantaneous GROUND IOC1 DPO Ground instantaneous overcurrent 1 has dropped out
overcurrent
GROUND IOC2 Same set of operands as shown for GROUND IOC 1
ELEMENT: GROUND TOC1 PKP Ground time overcurrent 1 has picked up
Ground time
overcurrent
GROUND TOC1 OP
GROUND TOC1 DPO
Ground time overcurrent 1 has operated
Ground time overcurrent 1 has dropped out
5
GROUND TOC2 Same set of operands as shown for GROUND TOC1
ELEMENT LATCH 1 ON Non-volatile latch 1 is ON (Logic = 1)
Non-volatile latches LATCH 1 OFF Non-volatile latch 1 is OFF (Logic = 0)
LATCH 2 to LATCH 16 Same set of operands as shown for LATCH 1
ELEMENT: LINE PICKUP OP Line pickup has operated
Line pickup LINE PICKUP PKP Line pickup has picked up
LINE PICKUP DPO Line pickup has dropped out
LINE PICKUP I<A Line pickup detected phase A current below 5% of nominal
LINE PICKUP I<B Line pickup detected phase B current below 5% of nominal
LINE PICKUP I<C Line pickup detected phase C current below 5% of nominal
LINE PICKUP UV PKP Line pickup undervoltage has picked up
LINE PICKUP LEO PKP Line pickup line end open has picked up
LINE PICKUP RCL TRIP Line pickup operated from overreaching zone 2 when reclosing the line
(zone 1 extension functionality)
ELEMENT: LOAD ENCHR PKP Load encroachment has picked up
Load encroachment LOAD ENCHR OP Load encroachment has operated
LOAD ENCHR DPO Load encroachment has dropped out
ELEMENT: NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD Negative-sequence directional overcurrent 1 forward has operated
Negative-sequence NEG SEQ DIR OC1 REV Negative-sequence directional overcurrent 1 reverse has operated
directional NEG SEQ DIR OC2 FWD Negative-sequence directional overcurrent 2 forward has operated
overcurrent NEG SEQ DIR OC2 REV Negative-sequence directional overcurrent 2 reverse has operated
ELEMENT: NEG SEQ IOC1 PKP Negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent 1 has picked up
Negative-sequence NEG SEQ IOC1 OP Negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent 1 has operated
instantaneous NEG SEQ IOC1 DPO Negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent 1 has dropped out
overcurrent
NEG SEQ IOC2 Same set of operands as shown for NEG SEQ IOC1
ELEMENT: NEG SEQ TOC1 PKP Negative-sequence time overcurrent 1 has picked up
Negative-sequence NEG SEQ TOC1 OP Negative-sequence time overcurrent 1 has operated
time overcurrent NEG SEQ TOC1 DPO Negative-sequence time overcurrent 1 has dropped out
NEG SEQ TOC2 Same set of operands as shown for NEG SEQ TOC1
ELEMENT: NEUTRAL IOC1 PKP Neutral instantaneous overcurrent 1 has picked up
Neutral NEUTRAL IOC1 OP Neutral instantaneous overcurrent 1 has operated
instantaneous NEUTRAL IOC1 DPO Neutral instantaneous overcurrent 1 has dropped out
overcurrent
NEUTRAL IOC2 Same set of operands as shown for NEUTRAL IOC1


ELEMENT: NEUTRAL OV1 PKP Neutral overvoltage element 1 has picked up
Neutral overvoltage NEUTRAL OV1 DPO Neutral overvoltage element 1 has dropped out
NEUTRAL OV1 OP Neutral overvoltage element 1 has operated
ELEMENT: NEUTRAL TOC1 PKP Neutral time overcurrent 1 has picked up
Neutral time NEUTRAL TOC1 OP Neutral time overcurrent 1 has operated
overcurrent NEUTRAL TOC1 DPO Neutral time overcurrent 1 has dropped out
NEUTRAL TOC2 Same set of operands as shown for NEUTRAL TOC1
ELEMENT: NTRL DIR OC1 FWD Neutral directional overcurrent 1 forward has operated
Neutral directional NTRL DIR OC1 REV Neutral directional overcurrent 1 reverse has operated
overcurrent
NTRL DIR OC2 Same set of operands as shown for NTRL DIR OC1
ELEMENT: OPEN POLE OP ФA Open pole condition is detected in phase A
Open pole detector OPEN POLE OP ФB Open pole condition is detected in phase B
OPEN POLE OP ФC Open pole condition is detected in phase C
OPEN POLE BKR ФA OP Based on the breaker(s) auxiliary contacts, an open pole condition is
detected on phase A
OPEN POLE BKR ФB OP Based on the breaker(s) auxiliary contacts, an open pole condition is
detected on phase B
OPEN POLE BKR ФC OP Based on the breaker(s) auxiliary contacts, an open pole condition is
detected on phase C
OPEN POLE BLK N Blocking signal for neutral, ground, and negative-sequence overcurrent
element is established
OPEN POLE BLK AB Blocking signal for the AB phase distance elements is established
OPEN POLE BLK BC Blocking signal for the BC phase distance elements is established
OPEN POLE BLK CA Blocking signal for the CA phase distance elements is established
OPEN POLE REM OP ФA Remote open pole condition detected in phase A
OPEN POLE REM OP ФB Remote open pole condition detected in phase B
OPEN POLE REM OP ФC Remote open pole condition detected in phase C
OPEN POLE OP Open pole detector is operated
OPEN POLE I< ФA
5 OPEN POLE I< ФB
OPEN POLE I< ФC
Open pole undercurrent condition is detected in phase A
Open pole undercurrent condition is detected in phase B
Open pole undercurrent condition is detected in phase C
ELEMENT: PDC NETWORK CNTRL 1 Phasor data concentrator asserts control bit 1 as received via the network
Synchrophasor PDC NETWORK CNTRL 2 Phasor data concentrator asserts control bit 2 as received via the network
phasor data ↓ ↓
concentrator PDC NETWORK CNTRL 16 Phasor data concentrator asserts control bit 16 as received via the network
ELEMENT: PH DIR1 BLK A Phase A directional 1 block
Phase directional PH DIR1 BLK B Phase B directional 1 block
overcurrent PH DIR1 BLK C Phase C directional 1 block
PH DIR1 BLK Phase directional 1 block
PH DIR2 Same set of operands as shown for PH DIR1
ELEMENT: PH DIST Z1 PKP Phase distance zone 1 has picked up
Phase distance PH DIST Z1 OP Phase distance zone 1 has operated
PH DIST Z1 OP AB Phase distance zone 1 phase AB has operated
PH DIST Z1 OP BC Phase distance zone 1 phase BC has operated
PH DIST Z1 OP CA Phase distance zone 1 phase CA has operated
PH DIST Z1 PKP AB Phase distance zone 1 phase AB has picked up
PH DIST Z1 PKP BC Phase distance zone 1 phase BC has picked up
PH DIST Z1 PKP CA Phase distance zone 1 phase CA has picked up
PH DIST Z1 SUPN IAB Phase distance zone 1 phase AB IOC is supervising
PH DIST Z1 SUPN IBC Phase distance zone 1 phase BC IOC is supervising
PH DIST Z1 SUPN ICA Phase distance zone 1 phase CA IOC is supervising
PH DIST Z1 DPO AB Phase distance zone 1 phase AB has dropped out
PH DIST Z1 DPO BC Phase distance zone 1 phase BC has dropped out
PH DIST Z1 DPO CA Phase distance zone 1 phase CA has dropped out
PH DIST Z2 to Z3 Same set of operands as shown for PH DIST Z1
ELEMENT: PHASE IOC1 PKP At least one phase of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has picked up
Phase PHASE IOC1 OP At least one phase of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has operated
instantaneous PHASE IOC1 DPO All phases of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 have dropped out
overcurrent PHASE IOC1 PKP A Phase A of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has picked up
PHASE IOC1 PKP B Phase B of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has picked up
PHASE IOC1 PKP C Phase C of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has picked up
PHASE IOC1 OP A Phase A of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has operated
PHASE IOC1 OP B Phase B of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has operated
PHASE IOC1 OP C Phase C of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has operated
PHASE IOC1 DPO A Phase A of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has dropped out
PHASE IOC1 DPO B Phase B of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has dropped out
PHASE IOC1 DPO C Phase C of phase instantaneous overcurrent 1 has dropped out
PHASE IOC2 Same set of operands as shown for PHASE IOC1


ELEMENT: PHASE OV1 PKP At least one phase of overvoltage 1 has picked up
Phase overvoltage PHASE OV1 OP At least one phase of overvoltage 1 has operated
PHASE OV1 DPO All phases of overvoltage 1 have dropped out
PHASE OV1 PKP A Phase A of overvoltage 1 has picked up
PHASE OV1 PKP B Phase B of overvoltage 1 has picked up
PHASE OV1 PKP C Phase C of overvoltage 1 has picked up
PHASE OV1 OP A Phase A of overvoltage 1 has operated
PHASE OV1 OP B Phase B of overvoltage 1 has operated
PHASE OV1 OP C Phase C of overvoltage 1 has operated
PHASE OV1 DPO A Phase A of overvoltage 1 has dropped out
PHASE OV1 DPO B Phase B of overvoltage 1 has dropped out
PHASE OV1 DPO C Phase C of overvoltage 1 has dropped out
ELEMENT PHASE SELECT AG Phase A to ground fault is detected.
Phase select PHASE SELECT BG Phase B to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT CG Phase C to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT SLG Single line to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT AB Phase A to B fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT BC Phase B to C fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT CA Phase C to A fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT ABG Phase A to B to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT BCG Phase B to C to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT CAG Phase C to A to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT 3P Three-phase symmetrical fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT MULTI-P Multi-phase fault is detected
PHASE SELECT VOID Fault type cannot be detected
ELEMENT: PHASE TOC1 PKP At least one phase of phase time overcurrent 1 has picked up
Phase time PHASE TOC1 OP At least one phase of phase time overcurrent 1 has operated
overcurrent PHASE TOC1 DPO All phases of phase time overcurrent 1 have dropped out
PHASE TOC1 PKP A Phase A of phase time overcurrent 1 has picked up
PHASE TOC1 PKP B Phase B of phase time overcurrent 1 has picked up
PHASE TOC1 PKP C
PHASE TOC1 OP A
Phase C of phase time overcurrent 1 has picked up
Phase A of phase time overcurrent 1 has operated 5
PHASE TOC1 OP B Phase B of phase time overcurrent 1 has operated
PHASE TOC1 OP C Phase C of phase time overcurrent 1 has operated
PHASE TOC1 DPO A Phase A of phase time overcurrent 1 has dropped out
PHASE TOC1 DPO B Phase B of phase time overcurrent 1 has dropped out
PHASE TOC1 DPO C Phase C of phase time overcurrent 1 has dropped out
PHASE TOC2 Same set of operands as shown for PHASE TOC1
ELEMENT: PHASE UV1 PKP At least one phase of phase undervoltage 1 has picked up
Phase undervoltage PHASE UV1 OP At least one phase of phase undervoltage 1 has operated
PHASE UV1 DPO All phases of phase undervoltage 1 have dropped out
PHASE UV1 PKP A Phase A of phase undervoltage 1 has picked up
PHASE UV1 PKP B Phase B of phase undervoltage 1 has picked up
PHASE UV1 PKP C Phase C of phase undervoltage 1 has picked up
PHASE UV1 OP A Phase A of phase undervoltage 1 has operated
PHASE UV1 OP B Phase B of phase undervoltage 1 has operated
PHASE UV1 OP C Phase C of phase undervoltage 1 has operated
PHASE UV1 DPO A Phase A of phase undervoltage 1 has dropped out
PHASE UV1 DPO B Phase B of phase undervoltage 1 has dropped out
PHASE UV1 DPO C Phase C of phase undervoltage 1 has dropped out
PHASE UV2 Same set of operands as shown for PHASE UV1
ELEMENT: PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Overcurrent trigger of phasor measurement unit 1 has operated
Synchrophasor PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Abnormal frequency trigger of phasor measurement unit 1 has operated
phasor PMU 1 POWER TRIGGER Overpower trigger of phasor measurement unit 1 has operated
measurement unit PMU 1 ROCOF TRIGGER Rate of change of frequency trigger of phasor measurement unit 1 has
(PMU) operated
PMU 1 VOLT TRIGGER Abnormal voltage trigger of phasor measurement unit 1 has operated
PMU 1 TRIGGERED Phasor measurement unit 1 triggered; no events or targets are generated by
this operand
ELEMENT: PMU ONE-SHOT EXPIRED Indicates the one-shot operation has been executed, and the present time is
Synchrophasor one- at least 30 seconds past the scheduled one-shot time
shot PMU ONE-SHOT OP Indicates the one-shot operation and remains asserted for 30 seconds
afterwards
PMU ONE-SHOT PENDING Indicates the one-shot operation is pending; that is, the present time is before
the scheduled one-shot time
ELEMENT: POTT OP Permissive over-reaching transfer trip has operated
POTT POTT TX Permissive signal sent
(Permissive
overreach transfer
trip)


ELEMENT: POWER SWING OUTER Positive-sequence impedance in outer characteristic
Power swing detect POWER SWING MIDDLE Positive-sequence impedance in middle characteristic
POWER SWING INNER Positive-sequence impedance in inner characteristic
POWER SWING BLOCK Power swing blocking element operated
POWER SWING TMR1 PKP Power swing timer 1 picked up
POWER SWING TRIP Out-of-step tripping operated
POWER SWING 50DD The power swing element detected a disturbance other than power swing
POWER SWING INCOMING An unstable power swing has been detected (incoming locus)
POWER SWING OUTGOING An unstable power swing has been detected (outgoing locus)
POWER SWING UN/BLOCK Asserted when a fault occurs after the power swing blocking condition has
been established
ELEMENT: SELECTOR 1 POS Y Selector switch 1 is in Position Y (mutually exclusive operands)
Selector switch SELECTOR 1 BIT 0 First bit of the 3-bit word encoding position of selector 1
SELECTOR 1 BIT 1 Second bit of the 3-bit word encoding position of selector 1
SELECTOR 1 BIT 2 Third bit of the 3-bit word encoding position of selector 1
SELECTOR 1 STP ALARM Position of selector 1 has been pre-selected with the stepping up control
input but not acknowledged
SELECTOR 1 BIT ALARM Position of selector 1 has been pre-selected with the 3-bit control input but
not acknowledged
SELECTOR 1 ALARM Position of selector 1 has been pre-selected but not acknowledged
SELECTOR 1 PWR ALARM Position of selector switch 1 is undetermined or restored from memory when
the relay powers up and synchronizes to the three-bit input
SELECTOR 2 Same set of operands as shown above for SELECTOR 1
ELEMENT: SETTING GROUP ACT 1 Setting group 1 is active
Setting group SETTING GROUP ACT 2 Setting group 2 is active
SETTING GROUP ACT 3 Setting group 3 is active
SETTING GROUP ACT 4 Setting group 4 is active
5 SETTING GROUP ACT 5
SETTING GROUP ACT 6
Setting group 5 is active
Setting group 6 is active
ELEMENT: SRC1 50DD OP Source 1 disturbance detector has operated
Disturbance SRC2 50DD OP Source 2 disturbance detector has operated
detector SRC3 50DD OP Source 3 disturbance detector has operated
SRC4 50DD OP Source 4 disturbance detector has operated
ELEMENT: SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP Source 1 VT fuse failure detector has operated
VTFF (Voltage SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL DPO Source 1 VT fuse failure detector has dropped out
transformer fuse SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL VOL LOSS Source 1 has lost voltage signals (V2 below 15% AND V1 below 5%
failure) of nominal)
SRC2 VT FUSE FAIL to Same set of operands as shown for SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL
SRC4 VT FUSE FAIL
ELEMENT: STUB BUS OP Stub bus is operated
Stub bus
ELEMENT: SWITCH 1 OFF CMD Disconnect switch 1 open command initiated
Disconnect switch SWITCH 1 ON CMD Disconnect switch 1 close command initiated
SWITCH 1 ΦA BAD ST Disconnect switch 1 phase A bad status is detected (discrepancy between
the 52/a and 52/b contacts)
SWITCH 1 ΦA INTERM Disconnect switch 1 phase A intermediate status is detected (transition from
one position to another)
SWITCH 1 ΦA CLSD Disconnect switch 1 phase A is closed
SWITCH 1 ΦA OPEN Disconnect switch 1 phase A is open
SWITCH 1 ΦB BAD ST Disconnect switch 1 phase B bad status is detected (discrepancy between
SWITCH 1 ΦB CLSD Disconnect switch 1 phase B is closed
SWITCH 1 ΦB OPEN Disconnect switch 1 phase B is open
SWITCH 1 ΦC BAD ST Disconnect switch 1 phase C bad status is detected (discrepancy between
SWITCH 1 ΦC CLSD Disconnect switch 1 phase C is closed
SWITCH 1 ΦC OPEN Disconnect switch 1 phase C is open
SWITCH 1 BAD STATUS Disconnect switch 1 bad status is detected on any pole
SWITCH 1 CLOSED Disconnect switch 1 is closed
SWITCH 1 OPEN Disconnect switch 1 is open
SWITCH 1 DISCREP Disconnect switch 1 has discrepancy
SWITCH 1 TROUBLE Disconnect switch 1 trouble alarm
SWITCH 2... Same set of operands as shown for SWITCH 1


ELEMENT: SYNC 1 DEAD S OP Synchrocheck 1 dead source has operated
Synchrocheck SYNC 1 DEAD S DPO Synchrocheck 1 dead source has dropped out
SYNC 1 SYNC OP Synchrocheck 1 in synchronization has operated
SYNC 1 SYNC DPO Synchrocheck 1 in synchronization has dropped out
SYNC 1 CLS OP Synchrocheck 1 close has operated
SYNC 1 CLS DPO Synchrocheck 1 close has dropped out
SYNC 1 V1 ABOVE MIN Synchrocheck 1 V1 is above the minimum live voltage
SYNC 1 V1 BELOW MAX Synchrocheck 1 V1 is below the maximum dead voltage
SYNC 1 V2 ABOVE MIN Synchrocheck 1 V2 is above the minimum live voltage
SYNC 1 V2 BELOW MAX Synchrocheck 1 V2 is below the maximum dead voltage
SYNC 2 Same set of operands as shown for SYNC 1
ELEMENT TRIP 3-POLE Trip all three breaker poles
Trip output TRIP 1-POLE A single-pole trip-and-reclose operation is initiated
TRIP PHASE A Trip breaker pole A, initiate phase A breaker fail and reclose
TRIP PHASE B Trip breaker pole B, initiate phase B breaker fail and reclose
TRIP PHASE C Trip breaker pole C, initiate phase C breaker fail and reclose
TRIP AR INIT 3-POLE Initiate a three-pole reclose
TRIP FORCE 3-POLE Three-pole trip must be initiated
TRIP OUTPUT OP Any trip is initiated by the trip output
TRIP Z2PH TMR INIT Phase distance zone 2 timer is initiated by the trip output
TRIP Z2GR TMR INIT Ground distance zone 2 timer is initiated by the trip output
ELEMENT TRIP BUS 1 PKP Asserted when the trip bus 1 element picks up.
Trip bus TRIP BUS 1 OP Asserted when the trip bus 1 element operates.
TRIP BUS 2... Same set of operands as shown for TRIP BUS 1
ELEMENT: WATTMETRIC 1 PKP Wattmetric directional element 1 has picked up
Wattmetric zero- WATTMETRIC 1 OP Wattmetric directional element 1 has operated
sequence
directional WATTMETRIC 2... Same set of operands as per WATTMETRIC 1 above
FIXED OPERANDS Off Logic = 0. Does nothing and may be used as a delimiter in an equation list;
used as ‘Disable’ by other features.
5
On Logic = 1. Can be used as a test setting.
INPUTS/OUTPUTS: Cont Ip 1 On (will not appear unless ordered)
Contact inputs Cont Ip 2 On (will not appear unless ordered)
↓ ↓
Cont Ip 1 Off (will not appear unless ordered)
Cont Ip 2 Off (will not appear unless ordered)
↓ ↓
INPUTS/OUTPUTS: Cont Op 1 IOn (will not appear unless ordered)
Contact outputs, Cont Op 2 IOn (will not appear unless ordered)
current ↓ ↓
(from detector on
form-A output only)
INPUTS/OUTPUTS: Cont Op 1 VOn (will not appear unless ordered)
Contact outputs, Cont Op 2 VOn (will not appear unless ordered)
voltage ↓ ↓
(from detector on
form-A output only) Cont Op 1 VOff (will not appear unless ordered)
Cont Op 2 VOff (will not appear unless ordered)
↓ ↓
INPUTS/OUTPUTS: Direct I/P 1-1 On (appears only when an inter-relay communications card is used)
Direct input ↓ ↓
Direct I/P 1-8 On (appears only when inter-relay communications card is used)
↓ ↓
INPUTS/OUTPUTS: RemDPS Ip 1 BAD Asserted while the remote double-point status input is in the bad state.
Remote double- RemDPS Ip 1 INTERM Asserted while the remote double-point status input is in the intermediate
point status inputs state.
RemDPS Ip 1 OFF Asserted while the remote double-point status input is off.
RemDPS Ip 1 ON Asserted while the remote double-point status input is on.
REMDPS Ip 2... Same set of operands as per REMDPS 1 above
INPUTS/OUTPUTS: REMOTE INPUT 1 On Flag is set, logic=1
Remote inputs ↓ ↓
REMOTE INPUT 32 On Flag is set, logic=1
INPUTS/OUTPUTS: Virt Ip 1 On Flag is set, logic=1
Virtual inputs ↓ ↓
Virt Ip 64 On Flag is set, logic=1


INPUTS/OUTPUTS: Virt Op 1 On Flag is set, logic=1
Virtual outputs ↓ ↓
Virt Op 96 On Flag is set, logic=1
LED INDICATORS: LED IN SERVICE Asserted when the front panel IN SERVICE LED is on.
Fixed front panel LED TROUBLE Asserted when the front panel TROUBLE LED is on.
LEDs LED TEST MODE Asserted when the front panel TEST MODE LED is on.
LED TRIP Asserted when the front panel TRIP LED is on.
LED ALARM Asserted when the front panel ALARM LED is on.
LED PICKUP Asserted when the front panel PICKUP LED is on.
LED VOLTAGE Asserted when the front panel VOLTAGE LED is on.
LED CURRENT Asserted when the front panel CURRENT LED is on.
LED FREQUENCY Asserted when the front panel FREQUENCY LED is on.
LED OTHER Asserted when the front panel OTHER LED is on.
LED PHASE A Asserted when the front panel PHASE A LED is on.
LED PHASE B Asserted when the front panel PHASE B LED is on.
LED PHASE C Asserted when the front panel PHASE C LED is on.
LED NEUTRAL/GROUND Asserted when the front panel NEUTRAL/GROUND LED is on.
LED INDICATORS: LED TEST IN PROGRESS An LED test has been initiated and has not finished.
LED test
LED INDICATORS: LED USER 1 Asserted when user-programmable LED 1 is on.
User-programmable
LEDs LED USER 2 to 48 The operand above is available for user-programmable LEDs 2 through 48.
PASSWORD ACCESS LOC SETG OFF Asserted when local setting access is disabled.
SECURITY ACCESS LOC SETG ON Asserted when local setting access is enabled.
ACCESS LOC CMND OFF Asserted when local command access is disabled.
ACCESS LOC CMND ON Asserted when local command access is enabled.
ACCESS REM SETG OFF Asserted when remote setting access is disabled.
ACCESS REM SETG ON Asserted when remote setting access is enabled.
ACCESS REM CMND OFF Asserted when remote command access is disabled.
5 ACCESS REM CMND ON
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS
Asserted when remote command access is enabled.
Asserted when a password entry fails while accessing a password protected
level of the L90.
REMOTE DEVICES REMOTE DEVICE 1 On Flag is set, logic=1
↓ ↓
REMOTE DEVICE 16 On Flag is set, logic=1
REMOTE DEVICE 1 Off Flag is set, logic=1
↓ ↓
REMOTE DEVICE 16 Off Flag is set, logic=1
RESETTING RESET OP Reset command is operated (set by all three operands below).
RESET OP (COMMS) Communications source of the reset command.
RESET OP (OPERAND) Operand (assigned in the INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ RESETTING menu) source
of the reset command.
RESET OP (PUSHBUTTON) Reset key (pushbutton) source of the reset command.
SELF- ANY MAJOR ERROR Any of the major self-test errors generated (major error)
DIAGNOSTICS ANY MINOR ERROR Any of the minor self-test errors generated (minor error)
ANY SELF-TESTS Any self-test errors generated (generic, any error)
BATTERY FAIL See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
DIRECT DEVICE OFF See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
DIRECT RING BREAK See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
EQUIPMENT MISMATCH See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
ETHERNET SWITCH FAIL See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
FLEXLOGIC ERR TOKEN See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
IRIG-B FAILURE See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
LATCHING OUT ERROR See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
MAINTENANCE ALERT See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
PORT 1 OFFLINE See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
PRI ETHERNET FAIL See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
PROCESS BUS FAILURE See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
REMOTE DEVICE OFF See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
RRTD COMM FAIL See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
SEC ETHERNET FAIL See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
SNTP FAILURE See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
SYSTEM EXCEPTION See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
TEMP MONITOR See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets
UNIT NOT PROGRAMMED See description in Chapter 7: Commands and targets


TEMPERATURE TEMP MONITOR Asserted while the ambient temperature is greater than the maximum
MONITOR operating temperature (80°C)
USER- PUSHBUTTON 1 ON Pushbutton number 1 is in the “On” position
PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTON 1 OFF Pushbutton number 1 is in the “Off” position
PUSHBUTTONS ANY PB ON Any of twelve pushbuttons is in the “On” position
PUSHBUTTON 2 to 12 Same set of operands as PUSHBUTTON 1
Some operands can be re-named by the user. These are the names of the breakers in the breaker control feature, the ID
(identification) of contact inputs, the ID of virtual inputs, and the ID of virtual outputs. If the user changes the default name
or ID of any of these operands, the assigned name will appear in the relay list of operands. The default names are shown in
the FlexLogic™ operands table above.
The characteristics of the logic gates are tabulated below, and the operators available in FlexLogic™ are listed in the Flex-
Logic™ operators table.
Table 5–9: FLEXLOGIC™ GATE CHARACTERISTICS

GATES NUMBER OF INPUTS OUTPUT IS ‘1’ (= ON) IF...
NOT 1 input is ‘0’
OR 2 to 16 any input is ‘1’
AND 2 to 16 all inputs are ‘1’
NOR 2 to 16 all inputs are ‘0’
NAND 2 to 16 any input is ‘0’
XOR 2 only one input is ‘1’
5

Table 5–10: FLEXLOGIC™ OPERATORS

TYPE SYNTAX DESCRIPTION NOTES
Editor INSERT Insert a parameter in an equation list.
DELETE Delete a parameter from an equation list.
End END The first END encountered signifies the last entry in
the list of processed FlexLogic™ parameters.
One-shot POSITIVE ONE SHOT One shot that responds to a positive going edge. A ‘one shot’ refers to a single input gate
that generates a pulse in response to an
NEGATIVE ONE One shot that responds to a negative going edge. edge on the input. The output from a ‘one
SHOT shot’ is True (positive) for only one pass
DUAL ONE SHOT One shot that responds to both the positive and through the FlexLogic™ equation. There is
negative going edges. a maximum of 64 ‘one shots’.
Logic NOT Logical NOT Operates on the previous parameter.
gate
OR(2) 2 input OR gate Operates on the 2 previous parameters.
↓ ↓ ↓
OR(16) 16 input OR gate Operates on the 16 previous parameters.
AND(2) 2 input AND gate Operates on the 2 previous parameters.
↓ ↓ ↓
AND(16) 16 input AND gate Operates on the 16 previous parameters.
NOR(2) 2 input NOR gate Operates on the 2 previous parameters.
↓ ↓ ↓
NOR(16) 16 input NOR gate Operates on the 16 previous parameters.
NAND(2) 2 input NAND gate Operates on the 2 previous parameters.
↓ ↓ ↓
NAND(16) 16 input NAND gate Operates on the 16 previous parameters.
XOR(2) 2 input Exclusive OR gate Operates on the 2 previous parameters.
5 LATCH (S,R) Latch (set, reset): reset-dominant The parameter preceding LATCH(S,R) is
the reset input. The parameter preceding
the reset input is the set input.
Timer TIMER 1 Timer set with FlexLogic™ timer 1 settings. The timer is started by the preceding
↓ ↓ parameter. The output of the timer is
TIMER 32 Timer set with FlexLogic™ timer 32 settings. TIMER #.
Assign = Virt Op 1 Assigns previous FlexLogic™ operand to virtual The virtual output is set by the preceding
virtual ↓ output 1. parameter
output = Virt Op 96 ↓
Assigns previous FlexLogic™ operand to virtual
output 96.
5.5.2 FLEXLOGIC™ RULES
When forming a FlexLogic™ equation, the sequence in the linear array of parameters must follow these general rules:
1. Operands must precede the operator which uses the operands as inputs.
2. Operators have only one output. The output of an operator must be used to create a virtual output if it is to be used as
an input to two or more operators.
3. Assigning the output of an operator to a virtual output terminates the equation.
4. A timer operator (for example, "TIMER 1") or virtual output assignment (for example, " = Virt Op 1") may only be used
once. If this rule is broken, a syntax error will be declared.
5.5.3 FLEXLOGIC™ EVALUATION
Each equation is evaluated in the order in which the parameters have been entered.
FlexLogic™ provides latches which by definition have a memory action, remaining in the set state after the
set input has been asserted. However, they are volatile; that is, they reset on the re-application of control
NOTE power.
When making changes to settings, all FlexLogic™ equations are re-compiled whenever any new setting
value is entered, so all latches are automatically reset. If it is necessary to re-initialize FlexLogic™ during
testing, for example, it is suggested to power the unit down and then back up.

5.5.4 FLEXLOGIC™ EXAMPLE
This section provides an example of implementing logic for a typical application. The sequence of the steps is quite impor-
tant as it should minimize the work necessary to develop the relay settings. Note that the example presented in the figure
below is intended to demonstrate the procedure, not to solve a specific application situation.
In the example below, it is assumed that logic has already been programmed to produce virtual outputs 1 and 2, and is only
a part of the full set of equations used. When using FlexLogic™, it is important to make a note of each virtual output used –
a virtual output designation (1 to 96) can only be properly assigned once.
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1
State=ON
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 2
Set
State=ON
LATCH
VIRTUAL INPUT 1 OR #1 Reset
State=ON Timer 2
XOR Time Delay Operate Output
OR #2
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 on Dropout Relay H1
State=Pickup
(200 ms)
DIGITAL ELEMENT 2 Timer 1

State=Operated Time Delay
AND
on Pickup
(800 ms)
CONTACT INPUT H1c 827025A2.vsd
State=Closed
Figure 5–41: EXAMPLE LOGIC SCHEME

1. Inspect the example logic diagram to determine if the required logic can be implemented with the FlexLogic™ opera-
tors. If this is not possible, the logic must be altered until this condition is satisfied. Once this is done, count the inputs
5
to each gate to verify that the number of inputs does not exceed the FlexLogic™ limits, which is unlikely but possible. If
the number of inputs is too high, subdivide the inputs into multiple gates to produce an equivalent. For example, if 25
inputs to an AND gate are required, connect Inputs 1 through 16 to AND(16), 17 through 25 to AND(9), and the outputs
from these two gates to AND(2).
Inspect each operator between the initial operands and final virtual outputs to determine if the output from the operator
is used as an input to more than one following operator. If so, the operator output must be assigned as a virtual output.
For the example shown above, the output of the AND gate is used as an input to both OR#1 and Timer 1, and must
therefore be made a virtual output and assigned the next available number (i.e. Virtual Output 3). The final output must
also be assigned to a virtual output as virtual output 4, which will be programmed in the contact output section to oper-
ate relay H1 (that is, contact output H1).
Therefore, the required logic can be implemented with two FlexLogic™ equations with outputs of virtual output 3 and
virtual output 4 as shown below.
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1
State=ON
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 2
Set
State=ON
LATCH
State=ON Timer 2
XOR Time Delay
OR #2 VIRTUAL OUTPUT 4
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 on Dropout
State=Pickup (200 ms)
DIGITAL ELEMENT 2 Timer 1

State=Operated Time Delay
AND
on Pickup
(800 ms)
CONTACT INPUT H1c
State=Closed VIRTUAL OUTPUT 3
827026A2.VSD
Figure 5–42: LOGIC EXAMPLE WITH VIRTUAL OUTPUTS

2. Prepare a logic diagram for the equation to produce virtual output 3, as this output will be used as an operand in the
virtual output 4 equation (create the equation for every output that will be used as an operand first, so that when these
operands are required they will already have been evaluated and assigned to a specific virtual output). The logic for
virtual output 3 is shown below with the final output assigned.
DIGITAL ELEMENT 2
State=Operated
AND(2) VIRTUAL OUTPUT 3
CONTACT INPUT H1c

State=Closed
827027A2.VSD
Figure 5–43: LOGIC FOR VIRTUAL OUTPUT 3

3. Prepare a logic diagram for virtual output 4, replacing the logic ahead of virtual output 3 with a symbol identified as vir-
tual output 3, as shown below.
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1
State=ON
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 2
Set
State=ON
LATCH
State=ON Timer 2
XOR Time Delay VIRTUAL
OR #2
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 on Dropout OUTPUT 4
State=Pickup
(200 ms)
Timer 1
5 VIRTUAL OUTPUT 3
State=ON
Time Delay
on Pickup
(800 ms)
CONTACT INPUT H1c
State=Closed 827028A2.VSD
Figure 5–44: LOGIC FOR VIRTUAL OUTPUT 4

4. Program the FlexLogic™ equation for virtual output 3 by translating the logic into available FlexLogic™ parameters.
The equation is formed one parameter at a time until the required logic is complete. It is generally easier to start at the
output end of the equation and work back towards the input, as shown in the following steps. It is also recommended to
list operator inputs from bottom to top. For demonstration, the final output will be arbitrarily identified as parameter 99,
and each preceding parameter decremented by one in turn. Until accustomed to using FlexLogic™, it is suggested that
a worksheet with a series of cells marked with the arbitrary parameter numbers be prepared, as shown below.
01
02
03
04
05
.....
97
98
99
827029A1.VSD
Figure 5–45: FLEXLOGIC™ WORKSHEET

5. Following the procedure outlined, start with parameter 99, as follows:
99: The final output of the equation is virtual output 3, which is created by the operator "= Virt Op n". This parameter is
therefore "= Virt Op 3."

98: The gate preceding the output is an AND, which in this case requires two inputs. The operator for this gate is a 2-
input AND so the parameter is “AND(2)”. Note that FlexLogic™ rules require that the number of inputs to most
types of operators must be specified to identify the operands for the gate. As the 2-input AND will operate on the
two operands preceding it, these inputs must be specified, starting with the lower.
97: This lower input to the AND gate must be passed through an inverter (the NOT operator) so the next parameter is
“NOT”. The NOT operator acts upon the operand immediately preceding it, so specify the inverter input next.
96: The input to the NOT gate is to be contact input H1c. The ON state of a contact input can be programmed to be
set when the contact is either open or closed. Assume for this example the state is to be ON for a closed contact.
The operand is therefore “Cont Ip H1c On”.
95: The last step in the procedure is to specify the upper input to the AND gate, the operated state of digital element 2.
This operand is "DIG ELEM 2 OP".
Writing the parameters in numerical order can now form the equation for virtual output 3:
[95] DIG ELEM 2 OP
[96] Cont Ip H1c On
[97] NOT
[98] AND(2)
[99] = Virt Op 3
It is now possible to check that this selection of parameters will produce the required logic by converting the set of parame-
ters into a logic diagram. The result of this process is shown below, which is compared to the logic for virtual output 3 dia-
gram as a check.
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
95 DIG ELEM 2 OP VIRTUAL
AND
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n: OUTPUT 3
96 Cont Ip H1c On
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
5
97 NOT
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
98 AND (2)
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
99 =Virt Op 3
827030A2.VSD
Figure 5–46: FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION FOR VIRTUAL OUTPUT 3

6. Repeating the process described for virtual output 3, select the FlexLogic™ parameters for Virtual Output 4.
99: The final output of the equation is virtual output 4 which is parameter “= Virt Op 4".
98: The operator preceding the output is timer 2, which is operand “TIMER 2". Note that the settings required for the
timer are established in the timer programming section.
97: The operator preceding timer 2 is OR #2, a 3-input OR, which is parameter “OR(3)”.
96: The lowest input to OR #2 is operand “Cont Ip H1c On”.
95: The center input to OR #2 is operand “TIMER 1".
94: The input to timer 1 is operand “Virt Op 3 On".
93: The upper input to OR #2 is operand “LATCH (S,R)”.
92: There are two inputs to a latch, and the input immediately preceding the latch reset is OR #1, a 4-input OR, which
is parameter “OR(4)”.
91: The lowest input to OR #1 is operand “Virt Op 3 On".
90: The input just above the lowest input to OR #1 is operand “XOR(2)”.
89: The lower input to the XOR is operand “DIG ELEM 1 PKP”.
88: The upper input to the XOR is operand “Virt Ip 1 On".
87: The input just below the upper input to OR #1 is operand “Virt Op 2 On".
86: The upper input to OR #1 is operand “Virt Op 1 On".
85: The last parameter is used to set the latch, and is operand “Virt Op 4 On".

The equation for virtual output 4 is:

[85] Virt Op 4 On
[86] Virt Op 1 On
[87] Virt Op 2 On
[88] Virt Ip 1 On
[89] DIG ELEM 1 PKP
[90] XOR(2)
[91] Virt Op 3 On
[92] OR(4)
[93] LATCH (S,R)
[94] Virt Op 3 On
[95] TIMER 1
[96] Cont Ip H1c On
[97] OR(3)
[98] TIMER 2
[99] = Virt Op 4
It is now possible to check that the selection of parameters will produce the required logic by converting the set of parame-
ters into a logic diagram. The result of this process is shown below, which is compared to the logic for virtual output 4 dia-
gram as a check.
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
85 Virt Op 4 On
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
86 Virt Op 1 On
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
87
5 88
Virt Op 2 On
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
Set
LATCH
Virt Ip 1 On
XOR OR Reset
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
89 DIG ELEM 1 PKP
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
90 XOR
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
91 Virt Op 3 On VIRTUAL
OR T2
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n: OUTPUT 4
92 OR (4)
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
93 LATCH (S,R)
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
94 Virt Op 3 On T1
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
95 TIMER 1
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
96 Cont Ip H1c On
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
97 OR (3)
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
98 TIMER 2
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY n:
99 =Virt Op 4 827031A2.VSD
Figure 5–47: FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION FOR VIRTUAL OUTPUT 4

7. Now write the complete FlexLogic™ expression required to implement the logic, making an effort to assemble the
equation in an order where Virtual Outputs that will be used as inputs to operators are created before needed. In cases
where a lot of processing is required to perform logic, this may be difficult to achieve, but in most cases will not cause
problems as all logic is calculated at least four times per power frequency cycle. The possibility of a problem caused by
sequential processing emphasizes the necessity to test the performance of FlexLogic™ before it is placed in service.
In the following equation, virtual output 3 is used as an input to both latch 1 and timer 1 as arranged in the order shown
below:
DIG ELEM 2 OP
Cont Ip H1c On
NOT
AND(2)

= Virt Op 3
Virt Op 4 On
Virt Op 1 On
Virt Op 2 On
Virt Ip 1 On
DIG ELEM 1 PKP
XOR(2)
Virt Op 3 On
OR(4)
LATCH (S,R)
Virt Op 3 On
TIMER 1
Cont Ip H1c On
OR(3)
TIMER 2
= Virt Op 4
END
In the expression above, the virtual output 4 input to the four-input OR is listed before it is created. This is typical of a
form of feedback, in this case, used to create a seal-in effect with the latch, and is correct.
8. The logic should always be tested after it is loaded into the relay, in the same fashion as has been used in the past.
Testing can be simplified by placing an "END" operator within the overall set of FlexLogic™ equations. The equations
will then only be evaluated up to the first "END" operator.
The "On" and "Off" operands can be placed in an equation to establish a known set of conditions for test purposes, and
the "INSERT" and "DELETE" commands can be used to modify equations.
5.5.5 FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION EDITOR

5
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ FLEXLOGIC Ö FLEXLOGIC EQUATION EDITOR
FLEXLOGIC FLEXLOGIC ENTRY 1: Range: FlexLogic™ operands

EQUATION EDITOR END
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY 2: Range: FlexLogic™ operands
MESSAGE
END
↓
FLEXLOGIC ENTRY 512: Range: FlexLogic™ operands

MESSAGE
END
There are 512 FlexLogic™ entries available, numbered from 1 to 512, with default END entry settings. If a "Disabled" Ele-
ment is selected as a FlexLogic™ entry, the associated state flag will never be set to ‘1’. The ‘+/–‘ key may be used when
editing FlexLogic™ equations from the keypad to quickly scan through the major parameter types.
5.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ TIMERS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ FLEXLOGIC ÖØ FLEXLOGIC TIMERS Ö FLEXLOGIC TIMER 1(32)
FLEXLOGIC TIMER 1 Range: millisecond, second, minute

TIMER 1 TYPE: millisecond
TIMER 1 PICKUP Range: 0 to 60000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0
TIMER 1 DROPOUT Range: 0 to 60000 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0
There are 32 identical FlexLogic™ timers available. These timers can be used as operators for FlexLogic™ equations.
• TIMER 1 TYPE: This setting is used to select the time measuring unit.
• TIMER 1 PICKUP DELAY: Sets the time delay to pickup. If a pickup delay is not required, set this function to "0".

• TIMER 1 DROPOUT DELAY: Sets the time delay to dropout. If a dropout delay is not required, set this function to "0".
5.5.7 FLEXELEMENTS™
PATH: SETTING ÖØ FLEXLOGIC ÖØ FLEXELEMENTS Ö FLEXELEMENT 1(8)
FLEXELEMENT 1 FLEXELEMENT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
FLEXELEMENT 1 NAME: Range: up to 6 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
FxE1
FLEXELEMENT 1 +IN: Range: Off, any analog actual value parameter
MESSAGE
Off
FLEXELEMENT 1 -IN: Range: Off, any analog actual value parameter
MESSAGE
Off
FLEXELEMENT 1 INPUT Range: Signed, Absolute
MESSAGE
MODE: Signed
FLEXELEMENT 1 COMP Range: Level, Delta
MESSAGE
MODE: Level
FLEXELEMENT 1 Range: Over, Under
MESSAGE
DIRECTION: Over
FLEXELEMENT 1 Range: –90.000 to 90.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
5 FLEXELEMENT 1 Range: 0.1 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
HYSTERESIS: 3.0%
FLEXELEMENT 1 dt Range: milliseconds, seconds, minutes
MESSAGE
UNIT: milliseconds
FLEXELEMENT 1 dt: Range: 20 to 86400 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
20
FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
FLEXELEMENT 1 RST Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
FLEXELEMENT 1 BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
FLEXELEMENT 1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
FLEXELEMENT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
A FlexElement™ is a universal comparator that can be used to monitor any analog actual value calculated by the relay or a
net difference of any two analog actual values of the same type. The effective operating signal could be treated as a signed
number or its absolute value could be used as per user's choice.
The element can be programmed to respond either to a signal level or to a rate-of-change (delta) over a pre-defined period
of time. The output operand is asserted when the operating signal is higher than a threshold or lower than a threshold as
per user's choice.

SETTING
SETTINGS
FLEXELEMENT 1
FUNCTION: FLEXELEMENT 1 INPUT
MODE:
Enabled = 1
FLEXELEMENT 1 COMP
MODE:
Disabled = 0
FLEXELEMENT 1
DIRECTION:
SETTING
FLEXELEMENT 1 PICKUP:
FLEXELEMENT 1 BLK:
FLEXELEMENT 1 INPUT
AND HYSTERESIS:
Off = 0
FLEXELEMENT 1 dt UNIT: SETTINGS
SETTINGS FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP

FLEXELEMENT 1 dt: DELAY:
FLEXELEMENT 1 +IN: FLEXELEMENT 1 RST
RUN DELAY:
Actual Value FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
+ tPKP
FLEXELEMENT 1 -IN: FxE 1 OP
- tRST
Actual Value FxE 1 DPO
FxE 1 PKP
ACTUAL VALUE
FlexElement 1 OpSig 842004A3.CDR
Figure 5–48: FLEXELEMENT™ SCHEME LOGIC

The FLEXELEMENT 1 +IN setting specifies the first (non-inverted) input to the FlexElement™. Zero is assumed as the input if
this setting is set to “Off”. For proper operation of the element at least one input must be selected. Otherwise, the element
will not assert its output operands.
5
This FLEXELEMENT 1 –IN setting specifies the second (inverted) input to the FlexElement™. Zero is assumed as the input if
this setting is set to “Off”. For proper operation of the element at least one input must be selected. Otherwise, the element
will not assert its output operands. This input should be used to invert the signal if needed for convenience, or to make the
element respond to a differential signal such as for a top-bottom oil temperature differential alarm. The element will not
operate if the two input signals are of different types, for example if one tries to use active power and phase angle to build
the effective operating signal.
The element responds directly to the differential signal if the FLEXELEMENT 1 INPUT MODE setting is set to “Signed”. The ele-
ment responds to the absolute value of the differential signal if this setting is set to “Absolute”. Sample applications for the
“Absolute” setting include monitoring the angular difference between two phasors with a symmetrical limit angle in both
directions; monitoring power regardless of its direction, or monitoring a trend regardless of whether the signal increases of
decreases.
The element responds directly to its operating signal – as defined by the FLEXELEMENT 1 +IN, FLEXELEMENT 1 –IN and FLEX-
ELEMENT 1 INPUT MODE settings – if the FLEXELEMENT 1 COMP MODE setting is set to “Level”. The element responds to the
rate of change of its operating signal if the FLEXELEMENT 1 COMP MODE setting is set to “Delta”. In this case the FLEXELE-
MENT 1 dt UNIT and FLEXELEMENT 1 dt settings specify how the rate of change is derived.
The FLEXELEMENT 1 DIRECTION setting enables the relay to respond to either high or low values of the operating signal. The
following figure explains the application of the FLEXELEMENT 1 DIRECTION, FLEXELEMENT 1 PICKUP and FLEXELEMENT 1 HYS-
TERESIS settings.

FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP
FLEXELEMENT
DIRECTION = Over
HYSTERESIS = % of PICKUP
FlexElement 1 OpSig
PICKUP
FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP
FLEXELEMENT
DIRECTION = Under
HYSTERESIS = % of PICKUP
FlexElement 1 OpSig
PICKUP
842705A1.CDR
Figure 5–49: FLEXELEMENT™ DIRECTION, PICKUP, AND HYSTERESIS

In conjunction with the FLEXELEMENT 1 INPUT MODE setting the element could be programmed to provide two extra charac-
teristics as shown in the figure below.
FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP
5 FLEXELEMENT
DIRECTION = Over;
FLEXELEMENT INPUT
MODE = Signed;
FlexElement 1 OpSig
FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP
FLEXELEMENT
DIRECTION = Over;
FLEXELEMENT INPUT
MODE = Absolute;
FlexElement 1 OpSig
FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP
FLEXELEMENT
DIRECTION = Under;
FLEXELEMENT INPUT
MODE = Signed;
FlexElement 1 OpSig
FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP
FLEXELEMENT
DIRECTION = Under;
FLEXELEMENT INPUT
MODE = Absolute;
FlexElement 1 OpSig
842706A2.CDR
Figure 5–50: FLEXELEMENT™ INPUT MODE SETTING

The FLEXELEMENT 1 PICKUP setting specifies the operating threshold for the effective operating signal of the element. If set
to “Over”, the element picks up when the operating signal exceeds the FLEXELEMENT 1 PICKUP value. If set to “Under”, the
element picks up when the operating signal falls below the FLEXELEMENT 1 PICKUP value.
The FLEXELEMENT 1 HYSTERESIS setting controls the element dropout. It should be noticed that both the operating signal
and the pickup threshold can be negative facilitating applications such as reverse power alarm protection. The FlexEle-
ment™ can be programmed to work with all analog actual values measured by the relay. The FLEXELEMENT 1 PICKUP set-
ting is entered in per-unit values using the following definitions of the base units:
Table 5–11: FLEXELEMENT™ BASE UNITS

87L SIGNALS IBASE = maximum primary RMS value of the +IN and –IN inputs
(Local IA Mag, IB, and IC) (CT primary for source currents, and 87L source primary current for line differential currents)
(Diff Curr IA Mag, IB, and IC)
(Terminal 1 IA Mag, IB, and IC)
(Terminal 2 IA Mag, IB and IC)
87L SIGNALS BASE = Squared CT secondary of the 87L source
(Op Square Curr IA, IB, and IC)
(Rest Square Curr IA, IB, and IC)
BREAKER ARCING AMPS BASE = 2000 kA2 × cycle
(Brk X Arc Amp A, B, and C)
dcmA BASE = maximum value of the DCMA INPUT MAX setting for the two transducers configured
under the +IN and –IN inputs.
FREQUENCY fBASE = 1 Hz
PHASE ANGLE ϕBASE = 360 degrees (see the UR angle referencing convention)
POWER FACTOR PFBASE = 1.00
RTDs BASE = 100°C
SOURCE CURRENT IBASE = maximum nominal primary RMS value of the +IN and –IN inputs 5
SOURCE ENERGY EBASE = 10000 MWh or MVAh, respectively
(Positive and Negative Watthours,
Positive and Negative Varhours)
SOURCE POWER PBASE = maximum value of VBASE × IBASE for the +IN and –IN inputs
SOURCE VOLTAGE VBASE = maximum nominal primary RMS value of the +IN and –IN inputs
SYNCHROCHECK VBASE = maximum primary RMS value of all the sources related to the +IN and –IN inputs
(Max Delta Volts)
The FLEXELEMENT 1 HYSTERESIS setting defines the pickup–dropout relation of the element by specifying the width of the
hysteresis loop as a percentage of the pickup value as shown in the FlexElement™ direction, pickup, and hysteresis dia-
gram.
The FLEXELEMENT 1 DT UNIT setting specifies the time unit for the setting FLEXELEMENT 1 dt. This setting is applicable only if
FLEXELEMENT 1 COMP MODE is set to “Delta”. The FLEXELEMENT 1 DT setting specifies duration of the time interval for the
rate of change mode of operation. This setting is applicable only if FLEXELEMENT 1 COMP MODE is set to “Delta”.
This FLEXELEMENT 1 PKP DELAY setting specifies the pickup delay of the element. The FLEXELEMENT 1 RST DELAY setting
specifies the reset delay of the element.

5.5.8 NON-VOLATILE LATCHES
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ FLEXLOGIC ÖØ NON-VOLATILE LATCHES Ö LATCH 1(16)
LATCH 1 LATCH 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
LATCH 1 TYPE: Range: Reset Dominant, Set Dominant
MESSAGE
Reset Dominant
LATCH 1 SET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
LATCH 1 RESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
LATCH 1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
LATCH 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The non-volatile latches provide a permanent logical flag that is stored safely and will not reset upon reboot after the relay
is powered down. Typical applications include sustaining operator commands or permanently block relay functions, such as
Autorecloser, until a deliberate interface action resets the latch. The settings element operation is described below:
• LATCH 1 TYPE: This setting characterizes Latch 1 to be Set- or Reset-dominant.
• LATCH 1 SET: If asserted, the specified FlexLogic™ operands 'sets' Latch 1.
5 • LATCH 1 RESET: If asserted, the specified FlexLogic™ operand 'resets' Latch 1.
SETTING
SETTING
LATCH N LATCH N LATCH N LATCH N LATCH N LATCH 1 FUNCTION:
TYPE SET RESET ON OFF
LATCH 1 TYPE:
Reset ON OFF ON OFF Disabled=0
Dominant Enabled=1 RUN
OFF OFF Previous Previous
State State
ON ON OFF ON SETTING
OFF ON OFF ON LATCH 1 SET:

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Set ON OFF ON OFF
Dominant Off=0 SET LATCH 1 ON
ON ON ON OFF LATCH 1 OFF
OFF OFF Previous Previous SETTING
State State
LATCH 1 SET:
OFF ON OFF ON
Off=0 RESET
842005A1.CDR
Figure 5–51: NON-VOLATILE LATCH OPERATION TABLE (N = 1 to 16) AND LOGIC

5 SETTINGS 5.6 GROUPED ELEMENTS
5.6GROUPED ELEMENTS 5.6.1 OVERVIEW
Each protection element can be assigned up to six different sets of settings according to setting group designations 1 to 6.
The performance of these elements is defined by the active setting group at a given time. Multiple setting groups allow the
user to conveniently change protection settings for different operating situations (for example, altered power system config-
uration, season of the year, etc.). The active setting group can be preset or selected via the SETTING GROUPS menu (see the
Control elements section later in this chapter). See also the Introduction to elements section at the beginning of this chap-
ter.
5.6.2 SETTING GROUP
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6)
SETTING GROUP 1 LINE DIFFERENTIAL

See page 5-122.
ELEMENTS
LINE PICKUP

DISTANCE

POWER SWING
DETECT
LOAD ENCROACHMENT

PHASE CURRENT 5

NEUTRAL CURRENT

WATTMETRIC
GROUND FAULT
GROUND CURRENT

NEGATIVE SEQUENCE
CURRENT
BREAKER FAILURE

VOLTAGE ELEMENTS

SUPERVISING
ELEMENTS
Each of the six setting group menus is identical. Setting group 1 (the default active group) automatically becomes active if
no other group is active (see the Control elements section for additional details).

5.6 GROUPED ELEMENTS 5 SETTINGS
5.6.3 LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ø GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS
LINE DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT

See page 5-122.
ELEMENTS DIFFERENTIAL
STUB BUS

b) CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö LINE DIFFERENTIAL... Ö CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL
CURRENT CURRENT DIFF Range: Disabled, Enabled

DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION: Disabled
CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE 1: SRC 1
CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL Range: None, SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE 2: None
MESSAGE
SOURCE 3: None
MESSAGE
5 SOURCE 4: None
CURRENT DIFF BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CURRENT DIFF Range: 0.10 to 4.00 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 0.20 pu
CURRENT DIFF Range: 0.20 to 5.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
CT TAP 1: 1.00
CURRENT DIFF Range: 0.20 to 5.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
CT TAP 2: 1.00
CURRENT DIFF Range: 1 to 50% in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RESTRAINT 1: 30%
CURRENT DIFF Range: 1 to 70% in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RESTRAINT 2: 50%
CURRENT DIFF Range: 0.0 to 20.0 pu in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
BREAK PT: 1.0 pu
CURRENT DIFF GND Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
FUNCTION: Disabled
CURRENT DIFF GND Range: 0.05 to 1.00 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 0.10 pu
CURRENT DIFF GND Range: 1 to 50% in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RESTRAINT: 25%
CURRENT DIFF GND Range: 0.00 to 5.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.10 s
CURRENT DIFF DTT: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Enabled

CURRENT DIFF KEY DTT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
CURRENT DIFF Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
CURRENT DIFF Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The following settings are available for current differential protection.

• CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 1: This setting selects the first source for the current differential element local
operating current. If more than one source is configured, the other source currents are scaled to the CT with the maxi-
mum primary current assigned by the CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 1 to CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 4 settings. This
source is mandatory and is assigned with the SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL SOURCES Ö SOURCE 1 menu.
• CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 2, CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 3, and CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL
SOURCE 4: These settings select the second, third, and fourth sources for the current differential function for applica-
tions where more than one set of CT circuitry is connected directly to L90.
• CURRENT DIFF BLOCK: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand to block the operation of the current differential
element.
• CURRENT DIFF PICKUP: This setting is used to select current differential pickup value.
• CURRENT DIFF CT TAP 1 and CURRENT DIFF CT TAP 2: These settings adapt the remote terminal 1 or 2 (commu-
nication channel) CT ratio to the local ratio if the CT ratios for the local and remote terminals are different. The setting
value is determined by CTprim_rem / CTprim_loc for local and remote terminal CTs (where CTprim_rem / CTprim_loc is
referred to as the CT primary rated current). Ratio matching must always be performed against the remote CT with the
maximum CT primary defined by the CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 1 through CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 4 settings.
See the Current differential settings application example in chapter 9 for additional details.
5
• CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1 and CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 2: These settings select the bias characteristic for
the first and second slope, respectively.
• CURRENT DIFF BREAK PT: This setting is used to select an intersection point between the two slopes.
• CURRENT DIFF GND FUNCTION: This setting enables and disabled the 87LG neutral differential element, which may
be used to detect high-resistive faults. This element uses restrained characteristics to cope with spurious zero-
sequence current during system unbalance and signal distortions. The differential neutral current is calculated as the
vector sum of all in-zone CT input neutral currents. The restraint current is derived as the maximum of phase currents
from all terminals flowing through any individual CT, including breaker-and-a-half configurations. The 87LG neutral dif-
ferential element is blocked when the phase current at any terminal is greater than 3 pu, since the phase differential
element should operate for internal faults. To correctly derive the restraint quantity from the maximum through current
at any terminal, it is important that the 87L phase-segregated differential pickup and slope settings are equal at all ter-
minals. Refer to the Applications of settings chapter for additional details.
• CURRENT DIFF GND PICKUP: This setting specifies the pickup threshold for neutral current differential element.
• CURRENT DIFF GND RESTRAINT: This setting specifies the bias characteristic for the neutral current differential ele-
ment.
• CURRENT DIFF GND DELAY: This setting specifies the operation delay for the neutral current differential element.
Since this element is used to detect high-resistive faults where fault currents are relatively low, high-speed operation is
usually not critical. This delay will provide security against spurious neutral current during switch-off transients and
external fault clearing.
• CURRENT DIFF DTT: This setting enables and disables the sending of a DTT by the current differential element on
per single-phase basis to remote relays. To allow the L90 to restart from master-master to master-slave mode (very
important on three-terminal applications), CURR DIFF DTT must be set to “Enabled”.
• CURRENT DIFF KEY DTT: This setting selects an additional protection element (besides the current differential ele-
ment; for example, distance element or breaker failure) which keys the DTT on a per three-phase basis.
For the current differential element to function properly, it is imperative that all L90 relays on the protected
line have exactly identical firmware revisions. For example, revision 5.62 in only compatible with 5.62, not
NOTE
5.61 or 5.63.

5
SETTINGS
Pos Seq Capac Reactance
ACTUAL VALUES Zero Seq Capac Reactance
5-124
VAG
To remote relays
VBG Compute charging current channel 1 and 2
VCG
CALCULATE
SETTINGS RUN
Signal Source 1
CALCULATE IA
= User-selection DATA FROM LOCAL END
CT ratio matching RUN IA Compute IB
Signal Source 2 Charging Current
Process phasor IB phasors and IC
= User-selection IA ΣIA2 at Timestamp variance (local)
Compute sum computations IC I_0
Signal Source 3 of currents IB ΣIB2 at Timestamp
= User-selection IC ΣIC2 at Timestamp
Compute local
Signal Source 4
restraint
= User-selection
CLOCK
SYNCHRONIZATION
SETTING SYSTEM SETTINGS
AND SETTING
Number of Terminals Clocks are Ground Pickup
Ground Function
=3 synchronized, phase Ground Restraint
OR = Enbabled
AND and frequency locked AND RUN
SETTING loop PFLL is OK
| IG operate | 2 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Number of Channels OR >1 87L DIFF PKP G
| IG restraint | 2
=2 AND
SETTING
DATA FROM REMOTE 1 SETTING
Ground Delay
CT Tap 1 SETTINGS
Channel 1 OK OR TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND RUN IA Pickup
Channel 1 ID Fail 87L DIFF OP G
IB Restraint 1
ΣIA2 at Timestamp Compute phasors 0
and variance IC Restraint 2
ΣIB2 at Timestamp
(remote 1) I_0 Breakpoint
ΣIC2 at Timestamp
RUN
DTT PHASE A
AND | IA operate | 2 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
DTT PHASE B FLEXLOGIC OPERAND >1
50DD SV | IA restraint | 2 OR 87L DIFF OP
DTT PHASE C
AND
RUN
| IB operate | 2 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND >1
AND SETTING | IB restraint | 2 87L DIFF OP A
DATA FROM REMOTE 2 OR CT Tap 2 87L DIFF OP B
Channel 2 OK RUN RUN 87L DIFF OP C
Channel 2 ID Fail IA | IC operate | 2 87L DIFF RECVD DTT A
Compute phasors >1
ΣIA2 at Timestamp IB | IC restraint | 2 87L DIFF RECVD DTT B
and variance IC
ΣIB2 at Timestamp 87L DIFF RECVD DTT C
(remote 2)
ΣIC2 at Timestamp I_0 87L DIFF PFLL FAIL
DTT PHASE A 87L DIFF CH1 FAIL
L90 Line Current Differential System

AND OR
DTT PHASE B AND 87L DIFF CH2 FAIL
DTT PHASE C OR 87L DIFF CH1 LOSTPKT
AND AND
87L DIFF CH2 LOSTPKT
OR 87L DIFF CH1 CRCFAIL
AND AND
87L DIFF CH2 CRCFAIL
Figure 5–52: CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME LOGIC

87L DIFF CH1 ID FAIL
AND
87L DIFF CH2 ID FAIL
OR AND
87L DIFF BLOCKED
87L DIFF KEY DTT
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
STUB BUS OP
OR
SETTINGS AND OR
Block AND OR
Off = 0
OR
Function AND
= Enabled To remote relays
OR
DTT channel 1 and 2
OR
= Enabled AND
DTT PHASE A
Key DTT DTT PHASE B
5 SETTINGS
OR DTT PHASE C
Off = 0
827056AB.CDR
GE Multilin
c) STUB BUS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS ÖØ STUB BUS
STUB BUS STUB BUS FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

Disabled
STUB BUS DISCONNECT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
STUB BUS TRIGGER: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
STUB BUS TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
STUB BUS EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The stub bus element protects for faults between two breakers in a breaker-and-a-half or ring bus configuration when the
line disconnect switch is open. At the same time, if the line is still energized through the remote terminal(s), differential pro-
tection is still required (the line may still need to be energized because there is a tapped load on a two terminal line or
because the line is a three terminal line with two of the terminals still connected). Correct operation for this condition is
achieved by the local relay sending zero current values to the remote end(s) so that a local bus fault does not result in trip-
ping the line. At the local end, the differential element is disabled and stub bus protection is provided by a user-selected
overcurrent element. If there is a line fault, the remote end(s) will trip on differential but local differential function and DTT
signal (if enabled) to the local end, will be blocked by the stub bus logic allowing the local breakers to remain closed.
• STUB BUS FUNCTION: There are three requirements for stub bus operation: the element must be enabled, an indica-
tion that the line disconnect is open, and the STUB BUS TRIGGER setting is set as indicated below. There are two meth- 5
ods of setting the stub bus trigger and thus setting up stub bus operation:
1. If STUB BUS TRIGGER is “On”, the STUB BUS OPERATE operand picks up as soon as the disconnect switch opens,
causing zero currents to be transmitted to remote end(s) and DTT receipt from remote end(s) to be permanently
blocked. An overcurrent element, blocked by disconnect switch closed, provides protection for the local bus.
2. An alternate method is to set STUB BUS TRIGGER to be the pickup of an assigned instantaneous overcurrent ele-
ment. The instantaneous overcurrent element must operate quickly enough to pick up the STUB BUS OPERATE
operand, disable the local differential, and send zero currents to the other terminal(s). If the bus minimum fault cur-
rent is above five times the instantaneous overcurrent pickup, tests have confirmed that the STUB BUS OPERATE
operand always pick up correctly for a stub bus fault and prevents tripping of the remote terminal. If minimum stub
bus fault current is below this value, then method 1 should be used. Note also that correct testing of stub bus oper-
ation, when this method is used, requires sudden injection of a fault currents above five times instantaneous over-
current pickup. The assigned current element should be mapped to appropriate output contact(s) to trip the stub
bus breakers. It should be blocked unless disconnect is open. To prevent 87L tripping from remote L90 relays still
protecting the line, the auxiliary contact of line disconnect switch (logic “1” when line switch is open) should be
assigned to block the local 87L function by using the CURRENT DIFF BLOCK setting.
• STUB BUS DISCONNECT: Selects a FlexLogic™ operand to represent the open state of auxiliary contact of line dis-
connect switch (logic “1” when line disconnect switch is open). If necessary, simple logic representing not only line dis-
connect switch but also the closed state of the breakers can be created with FlexLogic™ and assigned to this setting.
• STUB BUS TRIGGER: Selects a FlexLogic™ operand that causes the STUB BUS OPERATE operand to pick up if the
line disconnect is open. It can be set either to “On” or to an instantaneous overcurrent element (see above). If the
instantaneous overcurrent used for the stub bus protection is set with a time delay, then STUB BUS TRIGGER should use
the associated instantaneous overcurrent pickup operand. The source assigned for the current of this element must
cover the stub between CTs of the associated breakers and disconnect switch.

SETTING
STUB BUS
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
Enabled=1
SETTING
STUB BUS
DISCONNECT: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Off=0 AND STUB BUS OP
SETTING
STUB BUS
TRIGGER:
Off=0 831012A3.CDR
Figure 5–53: STUB BUS SCHEME LOGIC

5.6.4 LINE PICKUP
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ LINE PICKUP
LINE PICKUP LINE PICKUP Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
LINE PICKUP SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
PHASE IOC LINE Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
LINE PICKUP UV PKP: Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.700 pu
LINE END OPEN PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.150 s
LINE END OPEN RESET Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.090 s
LINE PICKUP OV PKP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.040 s
AR CO-ORD BYPASS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Enabled
AR CO-ORD PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.045 s 5
AR CO-ORD RESET Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.005 s
TERMINAL OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR ACCELERATE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
LINE PICKUP DISTANCE Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
TRIP: Enabled
LINE PICKUP BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
LINE PICKUP Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
LINE PICKUP Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The line pickup feature uses a combination of undercurrent and undervoltage to identify a line that has been de-energized
(line end open). Alternately, the user may assign a FlexLogic™ operand to the TERMINAL OPEN setting that specifies the ter-
minal status. Three instantaneous overcurrent elements are used to identify a previously de-energized line that has been
closed onto a fault. Faults other than close-in faults can be identified satisfactorily with the distance elements.
Co-ordination features are included to ensure satisfactory operation when high speed automatic reclosure (AR) is
employed. The AR CO-ORD DELAY setting allows the overcurrent setting to be below the expected load current seen after
reclose. Co-ordination is achieved by all of the LINE PICKP UV elements resetting and blocking the trip path before the AR
CO-ORD DELAY times out. The AR CO-ORD BYPASS setting is normally enabled. It is disabled if high speed autoreclosure is
implemented.
The line pickup protection incorporates zone 1 extension capability. When the line is being re-energized from the local ter-
minal, pickup of an overreaching zone 2 or excessive phase current within eight power cycles after the autorecloser issues
a close command results in the LINE PICKUP RCL TRIP FlexLogic™ operand. For security, the overcurrent trip is supervised

by an undervoltage condition, which in turn is controlled by the VT FUSE FAIL OP operand with a 10 ms coordination timer. If
a trip from distance in not required, then it can be disabled with the LINE PICKUP DISTANCE TRIP setting. Configure the LINE
PICKUP RCL TRIP operand to perform a trip action if the intent is apply zone 1 extension.
The zone 1 extension philosophy used here normally operates from an under-reaching zone, and uses an overreaching
distance zone when reclosing the line with the other line end open. The AR ACCELERATE setting is provided to achieve
zone 1 extension functionality if external autoreclosure is employed. Another zone 1 extension approach is to permanently
apply an overreaching zone, and reduce the reach when reclosing. This philosophy can be programmed via the autore-
close scheme.
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
LINE PICKUP UV PKP
SETTING
Terminal Open
SETTING SETTING
Off = 0
Function Overvoltage Pickup Delay
Enabled = 1 TPKP
Disabled = 0 OR
TRST = 0
AND
SETTING
Block
Off = 0 SETTING SETTINGS
Undervoltage Pickup Line End Open Pickup Delay
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
RUN Line End Open Reset Delay
LINE PICKUP LEO PKP
SETTING VAG or VAB < setting TPKP
(LEO = line end open)
Signal Source VBG or VBC < setting AND OR
TRST
VAG VAB VCG or VCA < setting SETTINGS
VBG VBC AND Autoreclose Coordination
VCG VCA Pickup Delay
RUN
IA IA < 0.05 pu Autoreclose Coordination
Reset Delay
IB IB < 0.05 pu AND
TPKP
IC IC < 0.05 pu
AND
TRST
AND
5 SETTING
Phase IOC Line Pickup
AND OR
10 ms
0
AND
AND
RUN
IA > setting
SETTING IB > setting OR
Autoreclose Coordination IC > setting AND
Bypass FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Enabled = 1 OR LINE PICKUP OP
Disabled = 0 LINE PICKUP PKP
LINE PICKUP DPO
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND
GND DIST Z2 PKP
OR
PH DIST Z2 PKP
AND
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING AND LINE PICKUP RCL TRIP
Distance Trip
TIMER
Enabled = 1
0
Disabled = 0
8 cycles FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
LINE PICKUP I<A
SETTING
LINE PICKUP I<B
Autoreclose Accelerate
LINE PICKUP I<C
Off = 0
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS OR
AR CLOSE BKR1
AR CLOSE BKR2
D60, L60, and L90 only
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SRCX VT FUSE FAIL OP
Source selected in the line pickup element 837000AH.CDR
Figure 5–54: LINE PICKUP SCHEME LOGIC

5.6.5 DISTANCE
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE
DISTANCE DISTANCE Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4

SOURCE: SRC 1
MEMORY Range: 5 to 25 cycles in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DURATION: 10 cycles
FORCE SELF-POLAR: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
FORCE MEM-POLAR: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE DISTANCE Z1

PHASE DISTANCE Z2

PHASE DISTANCE Z3

GROUND DISTANCE Z1

MESSAGE
GROUND DISTANCE Z2
See page 5–139. 5

GROUND DISTANCE Z3

Four common settings are available for distance protection. The DISTANCE SOURCE identifies the signal source for all dis-
tance functions. The mho distance functions use a dynamic characteristic: the positive-sequence voltage – either memo-
rized or actual – is used as a polarizing signal. The memory voltage is also used by the built-in directional supervising
functions applied for both the mho and quad characteristics.
The MEMORY DURATION setting specifies the length of time a memorized positive-sequence voltage should be used in the
distance calculations. After this interval expires, the relay checks the magnitude of the actual positive-sequence voltage. If
it is higher than 10% of the nominal, the actual voltage is used, if lower – the memory voltage continues to be used.
The memory is established when the positive-sequence voltage stays above 80% of its nominal value for five power system
cycles. For this reason it is important to ensure that the nominal secondary voltage of the VT is entered correctly under the
SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ÖØ VOLTAGE BANK menu.
Set MEMORY DURATION long enough to ensure stability on close-in reverse three-phase faults. For this purpose, the maxi-
mum fault clearing time (breaker fail time) in the substation should be considered. On the other hand, the MEMORY DURA-
TION cannot be too long as the power system may experience power swing conditions rotating the voltage and current
phasors slowly while the memory voltage is static, as frozen at the beginning of the fault. Keeping the memory in effect for
too long may eventually lead to incorrect operation of the distance functions.
The distance zones can be forced to become self-polarized through the FORCE SELF-POLAR setting. Any user-selected con-
dition (FlexLogic™ operand) can be configured to force self-polarization. When the selected operand is asserted (logic 1),
the distance functions become self-polarized regardless of other memory voltage logic conditions. When the selected oper-
and is de-asserted (logic 0), the distance functions follow other conditions of the memory voltage logic as shown below.
The distance zones can be forced to become memory-polarized through the FORCE MEM-POLAR setting. Any user-selected
condition (any FlexLogic™ operand) can be configured to force memory polarization. When the selected operand is
asserted (logic 1), the distance functions become memory-polarized regardless of the positive-sequence voltage magni-
tude at this time. When the selected operand is de-asserted (logic 0), the distance functions follow other conditions of the
memory voltage logic.

The FORCE SELF-POLAR and FORCE MEM-POLAR settings should never be asserted simultaneously. If this happens, the logic
will give higher priority to forcing self-polarization as indicated in the logic below. This is consistent with the overall philoso-
phy of distance memory polarization.
The memory polarization cannot be applied permanently but for a limited time only; the self-polarization may be
applied permanently and therefore should take higher priority.
NOTE
The distance zones of the L90 are identical to that of the UR-series D60 Line Distance Relay. For additional infor-
mation on the L90 distance functions, please refer to Chapter 8 of the D60 manual, available on the GE EnerVista
NOTE
CD or free of charge on the GE Multilin web page.
SETTING
Force Memory Polarization
Update memory
Off = 0
AND RUN
SETTING
Memory duration
SETTING TIMER 0
Distance Source | V_1 | < 1.15 pu 5 cycles AND
= VA, Vrms_A | Vrms – | V | | < Vrms / 8 AND Treset
S Q
= VB, Vrms_B | Vrms – | V | | < Vrms / 8 0 AND
= VC, Vrms_C | Vrms – | V | | < Vrms / 8
= V_1 | V_1 | > 0.80 pu TIMER Use V_1 memory
6 cycles OR
= IA | IA | < 0.05 pu
| IB | < 0.05 pu
AND
R Use V_1
= IB OR
0
= IC | IC | < 0.05 pu AND
| V_1 | < 0.10 pu
SETTING
Force Self Polarization
Off = 0 827842A7.CDR
5 Figure 5–55: MEMORY VOLTAGE LOGIC
b) PHASE DISTANCE (ANSI 21P)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE ÖØ PHASE DISTANCE Z1(Z3)
PHASE DISTANCE Z1 PHS DIST Z1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
PHS DIST Z1 DIR: Range: Forward, Reverse, Non-directional
MESSAGE
Forward
PHS DIST Z1 Range: Mho, Quad
MESSAGE
SHAPE: Mho
PHS DIST Z1 XFMR VOL Range: None, Dy1, Dy3, Dy5, Dy7, Dy9, Dy11, Yd1, Yd3,
MESSAGE Yd5, Yd7, Yd9, Yd11
CONNECTION: None
PHS DIST Z1 XFMR CUR Range: None, Dy1, Dy3, Dy5, Dy7, Dy9, Dy11, Yd1, Yd3,
MESSAGE Yd5, Yd7, Yd9, Yd11
CONNECTION: None
PHS DIST Z1 Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH: 2.00 ohms
PHS DIST Z1 Range: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RCA: 85°
PHS DIST Z1 REV Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH: 2.00 ohms
PHS DIST Z1 REV Range: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
REACH RCA: 85°
MESSAGE
COMP LIMIT: 90°
MESSAGE
DIR RCA: 85°


MESSAGE
DIR COMP LIMIT: 90°
PHS DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
RGT BLD: 10.00 ohms
PHS DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 60 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RGT BLD RCA: 85°
PHS DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
LFT BLD: 10.00 ohms
PHS DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 60 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LFT BLD RCA: 85°
PHS DIST Z1 Range: 0.050 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
SUPV: 0.200 pu
PHS DIST Z1 VOLT Range: 0.000 to 5.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
LEVEL: 0.000 pu
PHS DIST Z1 Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
PHS DIST Z1 BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHS DIST Z1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
PHS DIST Z1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
5
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The phase mho distance function uses a dynamic 100% memory-polarized mho characteristic with additional reactance,
directional, and overcurrent supervising characteristics. When set to “Non-directional”, the mho function becomes an offset
mho with the reverse reach controlled independently from the forward reach, and all the directional characteristics
removed.
The phase quadrilateral distance function is comprised of a reactance characteristic, right and left blinders, and 100%
memory-polarized directional and current supervising characteristics. When set to “Non-directional”, the quadrilateral func-
tion applies a reactance line in the reverse direction instead of the directional comparators. Refer to Chapter 8 for additional
information.
Each phase distance zone is configured individually through its own setting menu. All of the settings can be independently
modified for each of the zones except:
1. The SIGNAL SOURCE setting (common for the distance elements of all zones as entered under SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED
ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE).
2. The MEMORY DURATION setting (common for the distance elements of all zones as entered under SETTINGS ÖØ
GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE).
The common distance settings described earlier must be properly chosen for correct operation of the phase distance ele-
ments. Additional details may be found in chapter 8: Theory of operation.
Although all zones can be used as either instantaneous elements (pickup [PKP] and dropout [DPO] FlexLogic™ operands)
or time-delayed elements (operate [OP] FlexLogic™ operands), only zone 1 is intended for the instantaneous under-reach-
ing tripping mode.
Ensure that the PHASE VT SECONDARY VOLTAGE setting (see the SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ÖØ
VOLTAGE BANK menu) is set correctly to prevent improper operation of associated memory action.
WARNING
• PHS DIST Z1 DIR: All phase distance zones are reversible. The forward direction is defined by the PHS DIST Z1 RCA
setting, whereas the reverse direction is shifted 180° from that angle. The non-directional zone spans between the for-
ward reach impedance defined by the PHS DIST Z1 REACH and PHS DIST Z1 RCA settings, and the reverse reach imped-
ance defined by PHS DIST Z1 REV REACH and PHS DIST Z1 REV REACH RCA as illustrated below.

• PHS DIST Z1 SHAPE: This setting selects the shape of the phase distance function between the mho and quadrilat-
eral characteristics. The selection is available on a per-zone basis. The two characteristics and their possible varia-
tions are shown in the following figures.
COMP LIMIT
DIR COMP LIMIT
H
REAC
DIR COMP LIMIT
DIR RCA
RCA
837720A1.CDR
Figure 5–56: DIRECTIONAL MHO DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC
5
COMP LIMIT
R E AC H
RCA
REV REACH
RCA
HE AC
REV R
837802A1.CDR
Figure 5–57: NON-DIRECTIONAL MHO DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC

COMP LIMIT
COMP LIMIT
DIR COMP LIMIT
REACH
DIR COMP LIMIT
DIR RCA
LFT BLD RCA RCA RGT BLD RCA
R
-LFT BLD RGT BLD
837721A1.CDR
Figure 5–58: DIRECTIONAL QUADRILATERAL PHASE DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC
COMP LIMIT
COMP LIMIT
5
R E AC H
R
-LFT BLD RGT BLD
REV REACH
R E V R E AC H
RCA
COMP LIMIT
COMP LIMIT
837803A1.CDR
Figure 5–59: NON-DIRECTIONAL QUADRILATERAL PHASE DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC

X RCA = 80o X RCA = 80o

COMP LIMIT = 90o COMP LIMIT = 90o
DIR RCA = 80o DIR RCA = 80o
DIR COMP LIMIT = 90o DIR COMP LIMIT = 60o
H
REAC
REAC
R R
X RCA = 90o X RCA = 80o

DIR COMP LIMIT = 90o DIR COMP LIMIT = 60o
REACH
H
REAC
R R
837722A1.CDR
5 Figure 5–60: MHO DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC SAMPLE SHAPES
RCA = 80o RCA = 80o

X DIR COMP LIMIT = 90o X DIR COMP LIMIT = 60o
RGT BLD RCA = 80o RGT BLD RCA = 80o
LFT BLD RCA = 80o LFT BLD RCA = 80o
H
H
REAC
REAC
R R
RCA = 90o RCA = 80o

X DIR COMP LIMIT = 90o X DIR COMP LIMIT = 60o
RGT BLD RCA = 90o RGT BLD RCA = 80o
LFT BLD RCA = 90o LFT BLD RCA = 80o
H
REACH
REAC
R R
837723A1.CDR
Figure 5–61: QUADRILATERAL DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC SAMPLE SHAPES

• PHS DIST Z1 XFMR VOL CONNECTION: The phase distance elements can be applied to look through a three-phase
delta-wye or wye-delta power transformer. In addition, VTs and CTs could be located independently from one another
at different windings of the transformer. If the potential source is located at the correct side of the transformer, this set-
ting shall be set to “None”.
This setting specifies the location of the voltage source with respect to the involved power transformer in the direction
of the zone. The following figure illustrates the usage of this setting. In section (a), zone 1 is looking through a trans-
former from the delta into the wye winding. Therefore, the Z1 setting shall be set to “Dy11”. In section (b), Zone 3 is
looking through a transformer from the wye into the delta winding. Therefore, the Z3 setting shall be set to “Yd1”. The
zone is restricted by the potential point (location of the VTs) as illustrated in Figure (e).
• PHS DIST Z1 XFMR CUR CONNECTION: This setting specifies the location of the current source with respect to the
involved power transformer in the direction of the zone. In section (a) of the following figure, zone 1 is looking through
a transformer from the delta into the wye winding. Therefore, the Z1 setting shall be set to “Dy11”. In section (b), the
CTs are located at the same side as the read point. Therefore, the Z3 setting shall be set to “None”.
See the Theory of operation chapter for more details, and the Application of settings chapter for information on calcu-
lating distance reach settings in applications involving power transformers.
(a) (b)
delta wye, 330o lag delta wye, 330o lag
Z3 Z3
Z3 XFRM VOL CONNECTION = None Z3 XFRM VOL CONNECTION = Yd1

Z3 XFRM CUR CONNECTION = None Z3 XFRM CUR CONNECTION = None
Z1 Z1
5
Z1 XFRM VOL CONNECTION = Dy11 Z1 XFRM VOL CONNECTION = None
Z1 XFRM CUR CONNECTION = Dy11 Z1 XFRM CUR CONNECTION = Dy11
(c) (e)
delta wye, 330o lag
L1 L2
Z3 Zone 3
Zone 1
Z3 XFRM VOL CONNECTION = None
Z3 XFRM CUR CONNECTION = Yd1 ZL1 ZT ZL2
Z1
Z1 XFRM VOL CONNECTION = Dy11

Z1 XFRM CUR CONNECTION = None
830717A1.CDR
Figure 5–62: APPLICATIONS OF THE PH DIST XFMR VOL/CUR CONNECTION SETTINGS

• PHS DIST Z1 REACH: This setting defines the zone reach for the forward and reverse applications. In the non-direc-
tional applications, this setting defines the forward reach of the zone. The reverse reach impedance in non-directional
applications is set independently. The reach impedance is entered in secondary ohms. The reach impedance angle is
entered as the PHS DIST Z1 RCA setting.
• PHS DIST Z1 RCA: This setting specifies the characteristic angle (similar to the ‘maximum torque angle’ in previous
technologies) of the phase distance characteristic for the forward and reverse applications. In the non-directional appli-
cations, this setting defines the angle of the forward reach impedance. The reverse reach impedance in the non-direc-
tional applications is set independently. The setting is an angle of reach impedance as shown in the distance
characteristic figures shown earlier. This setting is independent from PHS DIST Z1 DIR RCA, the characteristic angle of an
extra directional supervising function.

• PHS DIST Z1 REV REACH: This setting defines the reverse reach of the zone set to non-directional (PHS DIST Z1 DIR
setting). The value must be entered in secondary ohms. This setting does not apply when the zone direction is set to
“Forward” or “Reverse”.
• PHS DIST Z1 REV REACH RCA: This setting defines the angle of the reverse reach impedance if the zone is set to
non-directional (PHS DIST Z1 DIR setting). This setting does not apply when the zone direction is set to “Forward” or
“Reverse”.
• PHS DIST Z1 COMP LIMIT: This setting shapes the operating characteristic. In particular, it produces the lens-type
characteristic of the mho function and a tent-shaped characteristic of the reactance boundary of the quadrilateral func-
tion. If the mho shape is selected, the same limit angle applies to both the mho and supervising reactance compara-
tors. In conjunction with the mho shape selection, the setting improves loadability of the protected line. In conjunction
with the quadrilateral characteristic, this setting improves security for faults close to the reach point by adjusting the
reactance boundary into a tent-shape.
• PHS DIST Z1 DIR RCA: This setting selects the characteristic angle (or maximum torque angle) of the directional
supervising function. If the mho shape is applied, the directional function is an extra supervising function as the
dynamic mho characteristic is itself directional. In conjunction with the quadrilateral shape, this setting defines the only
directional function built into the phase distance element. The directional function uses the memory voltage for polar-
ization. This setting typically equals the distance characteristic angle PHS DIST Z1 RCA.
• PHS DIST Z1 DIR COMP LIMIT: Selects the comparator limit angle for the directional supervising function.
• PHS DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD: This setting defines the right blinder position of the quadrilateral characteristic along
the resistive axis of the impedance plane (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figures). The angular position of
the blinder is adjustable with the use of the PHS DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD RCA setting. This setting applies only to the
quadrilateral characteristic and should be set giving consideration to the maximum load current and required resistive
coverage.
5 • PHS DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD RCA: This setting defines the angular position of the right blinder of the quadrilateral
characteristic (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figures).
• PHS DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD: This setting defines the left blinder position of the quadrilateral characteristic along the
resistive axis of the impedance plane (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figures). The angular position of the
blinder is adjustable with the use of the PHS DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD RCA setting. This setting applies only to the quadri-
lateral characteristic and should be set with consideration to the maximum load current.
• PHS DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD RCA: This setting defines the angular position of the left blinder of the quadrilateral
characteristic (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figures).
• PHS DIST Z1 SUPV: The phase distance elements are supervised by the magnitude of the line-to-line current (fault
loop current used for the distance calculations). For convenience, 3 is accommodated by the pickup (that is, before
being used, the entered value of the threshold setting is multiplied by 3 ).
If the minimum fault current level is sufficient, the current supervision pickup should be set above maximum full load
current preventing maloperation under VT fuse fail conditions. This requirement may be difficult to meet for remote
faults at the end of zones 2 and above. If this is the case, the current supervision pickup would be set below the full
load current, but this may result in maloperation during fuse fail conditions.
• PHS DIST Z1 VOLT LEVEL: This setting is relevant for applications on series-compensated lines, or in general, if
series capacitors are located between the relaying point and a point where the zone shall not overreach. For plain
(non-compensated) lines, set to zero. Otherwise, the setting is entered in per unit of the phase VT bank configured
under the DISTANCE SOURCE. Effectively, this setting facilitates dynamic current-based reach reduction. In non-direc-
tional applications (PHS DIST Z1 DIR set to “Non-directional”), this setting applies only to the forward reach of the non-
directional zone. See chapters 8 and 9 for information on calculating this setting for series compensated lines.
• PHS DIST Z1 DELAY: This setting allows the user to delay operation of the distance elements and implement stepped
distance protection. The distance element timers for zones 2 and higher apply a short dropout delay to cope with faults
located close to the zone boundary when small oscillations in the voltages or currents could inadvertently reset the
timer. Zone 1 does not need any drop out delay since it is sealed-in by the presence of current.
• PHS DIST Z1 BLK: This setting enables the user to select a FlexLogic™ operand to block a given distance element.
VT fuse fail detection is one of the applications for this setting.

AND
OR
SETTING
PH DIST Z1 DELAY AND FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND TPKP OR OR PH DIST Z1 OP
PH DIST Z1 PKP AB
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND TPKP
PH DIST Z1 PKP BC
0 AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND TPKP OR
PH DIST Z1 PKP CA
0 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
PH DIST Z1 OP AB
PH DIST Z1 OP BC
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS PH DIST Z1 OP CA
PH DIST Z1 SUPN IAB
AND
PH DIST Z1 SUPN IBC
PH DIST Z1 SUPN ICA
AND
OPEN POLE OP **
** D60, L60, and L90 only. Other UR-series models apply regular current seal-in for zone 1. 837017A8.CDR
Figure 5–63: PHASE DISTANCE ZONE 1 OP SCHEME
from the open pole element (D60, L60, and L90 only)
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OPEN POLE OP
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND SETTING FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

TIMER PH DIST Z2 DELAY AND PH DIST Z2 OP AB
PH DIST Z2 PKP AB
0 ms AND
OR
20 ms
OR
TPKP
0
5
TIMER
PH DIST Z2 PKP BC PH DIST Z2 DELAY AND PH DIST Z2 OP BC
0 ms AND
OR TPKP
20 ms OR
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TIMER FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PH DIST Z2 PKP CA SETTING
0 ms AND AND PH DIST Z2 OP CA
PH DIST Z2 DELAY
OR
from the trip output element OR
TPKP
20 ms
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TRIP Z2 PH TMR INIT
OR PH DIST Z2 OP
837036A1.CDR
Figure 5–64: PHASE DISTANCE ZONE 2 OP SCHEME

For phase distance zone 2, there is a provision to start the zone timer with other distance zones or loop the pickup
flag to avoid prolonging phase distance zone 2 operation when the fault evolves from one type to another or
NOTE migrates from the initial zone to zone 2. Desired zones in the trip output function should be assigned to accomplish
this functionality.

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OPEN POLE OP **
TIMER SETTING
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 0 ms PH DIST Z3 DELAY
AND
PH DIST Z3 PKP AB TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
20 ms OR PH DIST Z3 OP AB
0
TIMER SETTING
AND
PH DIST Z3 PKP BC TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
20 ms OR PH DIST Z3 OP BC
0
TIMER SETTING
AND
PH DIST Z3 PKP CA TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
20 ms OR PH DIST Z3 OP CA
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR PH DIST Z3 OP
** D60, L60, and L90 only. 837020AA.CDR
Figure 5–65: PHASE DISTANCE ZONES 3 AND HIGHER OP SCHEME

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
OPEN POLE BLK AB
OPEN POLE BLK BC
OPEN POLE BLK CA
SETTINGS
PH DIST Z1 DIR
5 PH DIST Z1 SHAPE
PH DIST Z1 XFMR
VOL CONNECTION
SETTING PH DIST Z1 XFMR
PH DIST Z1 FUNCTION CUR CONNECTION
Enabled = 1 PH DIST Z1 REACH
Disabled = 0 PH DIST Z1 RCA
PH DIST Z1 REV REACH
AND PH DIST Z1 REV REACH RCA
SETTING
PH DIST Z1 COMP LIMIT
PH DIST Z1 BLK
PH DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD
Off = 0
PH DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD RCA Quadrilateral
PH DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD characteristic only
PH DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD RCA
SETTING PH DIST Z1 VOLT LEVEL FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
DISTANCE SOURCE RUN AND PH DIST Z1 PKP AB
IA-IB PH DIST Z1 DPO AB
A-B ELEMENT
IB-IC
IC-IA RUN FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
VAG-VBG B-C ELEMENT AND PH DIST Z1 PKP BC
Wye
VTs
VBG-VCG PH DIST Z1 DPO BC

VCG-VAG RUN
VAB C-A ELEMENT FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Delta
VTs
VBC AND PH DIST Z1 PKP CA

VCA PH DIST Z1 DPO CA
V_1 MEMORY
I_1
V_1 > 0.80 pu 1 cycle OR PH DIST Z1 PKP
OR
I_1 > 0.025 pu 1 cycle
SETTING
PHS DIST Z1 SUPV
RUN FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
| IA – IB | > 3 × Pickup PH DIST Z1 SUPN IAB

| IB – IC | > 3 × Pickup PH DIST Z1 SUPN IBC

| IC – IA | > 3 × Pickup PH DIST Z1 SUPN ICA
837002AL.CDR
Figure 5–66: PHASE DISTANCE SCHEME LOGIC

c) GROUND DISTANCE (ANSI 21G)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE ÖØ GROUND DISTANCE Z1(Z3)
GROUND DISTANCE Z1 GND DIST Z1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
GND DIST Z1 DIR: Range: Forward, Reverse, Non-directional
MESSAGE
Forward
GND DIST Z1 Range: Mho, Quad
MESSAGE
SHAPE: Mho
GND DIST Z1 Range: 0.00 to 10.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
Z0/Z1 MAG: 2.70
GND DIST Z1 Range: –90 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
Z0/Z1 ANG: 0°
GND DIST Z1 Range: 0.00 to 7.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
ZOM/Z1 MAG: 0.00
GND DIST Z1 Range: –90 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ZOM/Z1 ANG: 0°
GND DIST Z1 Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH: 2.00 Ω
GND DIST Z1 Range: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RCA: 85°
GND DIST Z1 REV Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01 5
MESSAGE
REACH: 2.00 Ω
GND DIST Z1 REV Range: 30 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
REACH RCA: 85°
GND DIST Z1 POL Range: Zero-seq, Neg-seq
MESSAGE
CURRENT: Zero-seq
GND DIST Z1 NON- Range: –40.0 to 40.0° in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
HOMOGEN ANG: 0.0°
MESSAGE
COMP LIMIT: 90°
MESSAGE
DIR RCA: 85°
MESSAGE
DIR COMP LIMIT: 90°
GND DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
RGT BLD: 10.00 Ω
GND DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 60 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RGT BLD RCA: 85°
GND DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 0.02 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
LFT BLD: 10.00 Ω
GND DIST Z1 QUAD Range: 60 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LFT BLD RCA: 85°
GND DIST Z1 Range: 0.050 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
SUPV: 0.200 pu

GND DIST Z1 VOLT Range: 0.000 to 5.000 pu in steps of 0.001

MESSAGE
LEVEL: 0.000 pu
GND DIST Z1 Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
GND DIST Z1 BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
GND DIST Z1 Range: Self-Rest, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-Reset
GND DIST Z1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The ground mho distance function uses a dynamic 100% memory-polarized mho characteristic with additional reactance,
directional, current, and phase selection supervising characteristics. The ground quadrilateral distance function is com-
posed of a reactance characteristic, right and left blinders, and 100% memory-polarized directional, overcurrent, and phase
selection supervising characteristics.
When set to non-directional, the mho function becomes an offset mho with the reverse reach controlled independently from
the forward reach, and all the directional characteristics removed. When set to non-directional, the quadrilateral function
applies a reactance line in the reverse direction instead of the directional comparators.
The reactance supervision for the mho function uses the zero-sequence current for polarization. The reactance line of the
quadrilateral function uses either zero-sequence or negative-sequence current as a polarizing quantity. The selection is
controlled by a user setting and depends on the degree of non-homogeneity of the zero-sequence and negative-sequence
equivalent networks.
5 The directional supervision uses memory voltage as polarizing quantity and both zero- and negative-sequence currents as
operating quantities.
The phase selection supervision restrains the ground elements during double-line-to-ground faults as they – by principles
of distance relaying – may be inaccurate in such conditions. Ground distance zones 1 and higher apply additional zero-
sequence directional supervision. See chapter 8 for additional details.
Each ground distance zone is configured individually through its own setting menu. All of the settings can be independently
modified for each of the zones except:
1. The SIGNAL SOURCE setting (common for both phase and ground elements for all zones as entered under the SETTINGS
ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE menu).
2. The MEMORY DURATION setting (common for both phase and ground elements for all zones as entered under the SET-
TINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE menu).
The common distance settings noted at the start of this section must be properly chosen for correct operation of the ground
distance elements.
Although all ground distance zones can be used as either instantaneous elements (pickup [PKP] and dropout [DPO] Flex-
Logic™ signals) or time-delayed elements (operate [OP] FlexLogic™ signals), only zone 1 is intended for the instantaneous
under-reaching tripping mode.
Ensure that the PHASE VT SECONDARY VOLTAGE (see the SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ÖØ VOLTAGE
BANK menu) is set correctly to prevent improper operation of associated memory action.
WARNING
• GND DIST Z1 DIR: All ground distance zones are reversible. The forward direction is defined by the GND DIST Z1 RCA
setting and the reverse direction is shifted by 180° from that angle. The non-directional zone spans between the for-
ward reach impedance defined by the GND DIST Z1 REACH and GND DIST Z1 RCA settings, and the reverse reach imped-
ance defined by the GND DIST Z1 REV REACH and GND DIST Z1 REV REACH RCA settings.
• GND DIST Z1 SHAPE: This setting selects the shape of the ground distance characteristic between the mho and
quadrilateral characteristics. The selection is available on a per-zone basis.
The directional and non-directional quadrilateral ground distance characteristics are shown below. The directional and
non-directional mho ground distance characteristics are the same as those shown for the phase distance element in
the previous sub-section.

X
"+" NON-HOMOGEN. ANG
"-" NON-HOMOGEN. ANG
COMP LIMIT COMP LIMIT
DIR COMP LIMIT
REACH
DIR COMP LIMIT
DIR RCA
R
-LFT BLD RGT BLD
837769A1.CDR
Figure 5–67: DIRECTIONAL QUADRILATERAL GROUND DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC
X
5
REACH
R
-LFT BLD RGT BLD
RE V REACH
REV REACH
RCA

837770A1.CDR
Figure 5–68: NON-DIRECTIONAL QUADRILATERAL GROUND DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC

• GND DIST Z1 Z0/Z1 MAG: This setting specifies the ratio between the zero-sequence and positive-sequence imped-
ance required for zero-sequence compensation of the ground distance elements. This setting is available on a per-
zone basis, enabling precise settings for tapped, non-homogeneous, and series compensated lines.
• GND DIST Z1 Z0/Z1 ANG: This setting specifies the angle difference between the zero-sequence and positive-
sequence impedance required for zero-sequence compensation of the ground distance elements. The entered value is
the zero-sequence impedance angle minus the positive-sequence impedance angle. This setting is available on a per-
zone basis, enabling precise values for tapped, non-homologous, and series-compensated lines.
• GND DIST Z1 ZOM/Z1 MAG: The ground distance elements can be programmed to apply compensation for the zero-
sequence mutual coupling between parallel lines. If this compensation is required, the ground current from the parallel
line (3I_0) measured in the direction of the zone being compensated must be connected to the ground input CT of the
CT bank configured under the DISTANCE SOURCE. This setting specifies the ratio between the magnitudes of the mutual
zero-sequence impedance between the lines and the positive-sequence impedance of the protected line. It is impera-
tive to set this setting to zero if the compensation is not to be performed.

• GND DIST Z1 ZOM/Z1 ANG: This setting specifies the angle difference between the mutual zero-sequence imped-
ance between the lines and the positive-sequence impedance of the protected line.
• GND DIST Z1 REACH: This setting defines the reach of the zone for the forward and reverse applications. In non-
directional applications, this setting defines the forward reach of the zone. The reverse reach impedance in non-direc-
tional applications is set independently. The angle of the reach impedance is entered as the GND DIST Z1 RCA setting.
The reach impedance is entered in secondary ohms.
• GND DIST Z1 RCA: This setting specifies the characteristic angle (similar to the maximum torque angle in previous
technologies) of the ground distance characteristic for the forward and reverse applications. In the non-directional
applications this setting defines the forward reach of the zone. The reverse reach impedance in the non-directional
applications is set independently. This setting is independent from the GND DIST Z1 DIR RCA setting (the characteristic
angle of an extra directional supervising function).
The relay internally performs zero-sequence compensation for the protected circuit based on the values
entered for GND DIST Z1 Z0/Z1 MAG and GND DIST Z1 Z0/Z1 ANG, and if configured to do so, zero-sequence com-
NOTE
pensation for mutual coupling based on the values entered for GND DIST Z1 Z0M/Z1 MAG and GND DIST Z1 Z0M/Z1
ANG. The GND DIST Z1 REACH and GND DIST Z1 RCA should, therefore, be entered in terms of positive sequence
quantities. Refer to chapters 8 for additional information
• GND DIST Z1 REV REACH: This setting defines the reverse reach of the zone set to non-directional (GND DIST Z1 DIR
setting). The value must be entered in secondary ohms. This setting does not apply when the zone direction is set to
“Forward” or “Reverse”.
• GND DIST Z1 REV REACH RCA: This setting defines the angle of the reverse reach impedance if the zone is set to
non-directional (GND DIST Z1 DIR setting). This setting does not apply when the zone direction is set to “Forward” or
“Reverse”.
• GND DIST Z1 POL CURRENT: This setting applies only if the GND DIST Z1 SHAPE is set to “Quad” and controls the
5 polarizing current used by the reactance comparator of the quadrilateral characteristic. Either the zero-sequence or
negative-sequence current could be used. In general, a variety of system conditions must be examined to select an
optimum polarizing current. This setting becomes less relevant when the resistive coverage and zone reach are set
conservatively. Also, this setting is more relevant in lower voltage applications such as on distribution lines or cables,
as compared with high-voltage transmission lines. This setting applies to both the zone 1 and reverse reactance lines
if the zone is set to non-directional. Refer to chapters 8 and 9 for additional information.
• GND DIST Z1 NON-HOMOGEN ANG: This setting applies only if the GND DIST Z1 SHAPE is set to “Quad” and provides
a method to correct the angle of the polarizing current of the reactance comparator for non-homogeneity of the zero-
sequence or negative-sequence networks. In general, a variety of system conditions must be examined to select this
setting. In many applications this angle is used to reduce the reach at high resistances in order to avoid overreaching
under far-out reach settings and/or when the sequence networks are greatly non-homogeneous. This setting applies to
both the forward and reverse reactance lines if the zone is set to non-directional. Refer to chapters 8 and 9 for addi-
tional information.
• GND DIST Z1 COMP LIMIT: This setting shapes the operating characteristic. In particular, it enables a lens-shaped
characteristic of the mho function and a tent-shaped characteristic of the quadrilateral function reactance boundary. If
the mho shape is selected, the same limit angle applies to mho and supervising reactance comparators. In conjunction
with the mho shape selection, this setting improves loadability of the protected line. In conjunction with the quadrilat-
eral characteristic, this setting improves security for faults close to the reach point by adjusting the reactance boundary
into a tent-shape.
• GND DIST Z1 DIR RCA: Selects the characteristic angle (or ‘maximum torque angle’) of the directional supervising
function. If the mho shape is applied, the directional function is an extra supervising function, as the dynamic mho
characteristic itself is a directional one. In conjunction with the quadrilateral shape selection, this setting defines the
only directional function built into the ground distance element. The directional function uses memory voltage for polar-
ization.
• GND DIST Z1 DIR COMP LIMIT: This setting selects the comparator limit angle for the directional supervising function.
• GND DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD: This setting defines the right blinder position of the quadrilateral characteristic along
the resistive axis of the impedance plane (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figure). The angular position of
the blinder is adjustable with the use of the GND DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD RCA setting. This setting applies only to the
quadrilateral characteristic and should be set with consideration to the maximum load current and required resistive
coverage.

• GND DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD RCA: This setting defines the angular position of the right blinder of the quadrilateral
characteristic (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figure).
• GND DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD: This setting defines the left blinder position of the quadrilateral characteristic along the
resistive axis of the impedance plane (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figure). The angular position of the
blinder is adjustable with the use of the GND DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD RCA setting. This setting applies only to the quadri-
lateral characteristic and should be set with consideration to the maximum load current.
• GND DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD RCA: This setting defines the angular position of the left blinder of the quadrilateral
characteristic (see the Quadrilateral distance characteristic figure).
• GND DIST Z1 SUPV: The ground distance elements are supervised by the magnitude of the neutral (3I_0) current.
The current supervision pickup should be set less than the minimum 3I_0 current for the end of the zone fault, taking
into account the desired fault resistance coverage to prevent maloperation due to VT fuse failure. Settings less than
0.2 pu are not recommended and should be applied with caution. To enhance ground distance security against spuri-
ous neutral current during switch-off transients, three-phase faults, and phase-to-phase faults, a positive-sequence
current restraint of 5% is applied to the neutral current supervision magnitude.
• GND DIST Z1 VOLT LEVEL: This setting is relevant for applications on series-compensated lines, or in general, if
series capacitors are located between the relaying point and a point for which the zone shall not overreach. For plain
(non-compensated) lines, this setting shall be set to zero. Otherwise, the setting is entered in per unit of the VT bank
configured under the DISTANCE SOURCE. Effectively, this setting facilitates dynamic current-based reach reduction. In
non-directional applications (GND DIST Z1 DIR set to “Non-directional”), this setting applies only to the forward reach of
the non-directional zone. See chapters 8 and 9 for additional details and information on calculating this setting value
for applications on series compensated lines.
• GND DIST Z1 DELAY: This setting enables the user to delay operation of the distance elements and implement a
stepped distance backup protection. The distance element timer applies a short drop out delay to cope with faults
located close to the boundary of the zone when small oscillations in the voltages or currents could inadvertently reset
the timer. 5
• GND DIST Z1 BLK: This setting enables the user to select a FlexLogic™ operand to block the given distance element.
VT fuse fail detection is one of the applications for this setting.
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
GND DIST Z1 OP A
SETTING GND DIST Z1 OP B
GND DIST Z1 DELAY AND GND DIST Z1 OP C
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND TPKP OR
GND DIST Z1 PKP A
0
GND DIST Z1 PKP B
0 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
OR OR GND DIST Z1 OP
GND DIST Z1 PKP C
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
GND DIST Z1 SUPN IN AND
AND
OPEN POLE OP ** OR
** D60, L60, and L90 only. Other UR-series models apply regular current seal-in for zone 1. 837018A7.CDR
Figure 5–69: GROUND DISTANCE ZONE 1 OP SCHEME

from the open pole detector element D60, L60, and L90 only)
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OPEN POLE OP **

TIMER GND DIST Z2 DELAY AND GND DIST Z2 OP A
GND DIST Z2 PKP A
0 ms AND
TPKP
OR
OR
20 ms 0

TIMER
GND DIST Z2 PKP B GND DIST Z2 DELAY AND GND DIST Z2 OP B
0 ms AND
OR TPKP
20 ms OR
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
GND DIST Z2 PKP C SETTING
0 ms AND AND GND DIST Z2 OP C
GND DIST Z2 DELAY
OR
OR
TPKP
from the trip output element 20 ms
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TRIP Z2 GR TMR INIT
OR GND DIST Z2 OP
837037A1.CDR
Figure 5–70: GROUND DISTANCE ZONE 2 OP SCHEME

For ground distance zone 2, there is a provision to start the zone timer with the other distance zones or loop pickup
flags to avoid prolonging ground distance zone 2 operation if the fault evolves from one type to another or migrates
NOTE from zone 3 or 4 to zone 2. The desired zones should be assigned in the trip output element to accomplish this
functionality.
5 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OPEN POLE OP **
TIMER SETTING
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 0 ms GND DIST Z3 DELAY
AND
GND DIST Z3 PKP A TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
20 ms OR GND DIST Z3 OP A
0
TIMER SETTING
AND
GND DIST Z3 PKP B TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
20 ms OR GND DIST Z3 OP B
0
TIMER SETTING
AND
GND DIST Z3 PKP C TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
20 ms OR GND DIST Z3 OP C
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR GND DIST Z3 OP
** D60, L60, and L90 only. 837019AA.CDR
Figure 5–71: GROUND DISTANCE ZONES 3 AND HIGHER OP SCHEME


FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
OPEN POLE OP ФA
OPEN POLE OP ФB
OPEN POLE OP ФC
SETTINGS
GND DIST Z1 DIR
GND DIST Z1 SHAPE
GND DIST Z1 Z0/Z1 MAG
GND DIST Z1 Z0/Z1 ANG
GND DIST Z1 ZOM/Z1 MAG
GND DIST Z1 ZOM/Z1 ANG
GND DIST Z1 REACH
GND DIST Z1 RCA
GND DIST Z1 REV REACH
SETTING
GND DIST Z1 FUNCTION GND DIST Z1 REV REACH RCA
Enabled = 1 GND DIST Z1 POL CURRENT
GND DIST Z1 NON-HOMGEN ANG
Disabled = 0
GND DIST Z1 COMP LIMIT
AND GND DIST Z1 DIR RCA
SETTING
GND DIST Z1 DIR COMP LIMIT
GND DIST Z1 BLK
GND DIST Z1 VOLT LEVEL
Off = 0
GND DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD
Quadrilateral
GND DIST Z1 QUAD RGT BLD RCA characteristic
GND DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD only
SETTING GND DIST Z1 QUAD LFT BLD RCA
DISTANCE SOURCE RUN
IA-IB
IB-IC FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
A ELEMENT
IC-IA AND GND DIST Z1 PKP AB
VAG-VBG GND DIST Z1 DPO A
RUN
Wye
VTs
VBG-VCG
VCG-VAG FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
B ELEMENT
VAB AND GND DIST Z1 PKP B
Delta
VBC GND DIST Z1 DPO B

VTs
VCA RUN
I_2
I_0
V_1
C ELEMENT
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
GND DIST Z1 PKP C
5
MEMORY
GND DIST Z1 DPO C
I_1
IN
V_1 > 0.80 pu 1 cycle OR GND DIST Z1 PKP
OR
1 cycle
I_1 > 0.025 pu
SETTING
GND DIST Z1 SUPV
| IN – 0.05 × I_1 | > Pickup GND DIST Z1 SUPN IN
837007AF.CDR
Figure 5–72: GROUND DISTANCE ZONE 1 SCHEME LOGIC


FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
OPEN POLE OP ФA
OPEN POLE OP ФB
OPEN POLE OP ФC
SETTINGS
GND DIST Z2 DIR
GND DIST Z2 SHAPE
GND DIST Z2 Z0/Z2 MAG
GND DIST Z2 Z0/Z2 ANG
GND DIST Z2 ZOM/Z1 MAG
GND DIST Z2 ZOM/Z1 ANG
GND DIST Z2 REACH
GND DIST Z2 RCA
GND DIST Z2 REV REACH
SETTING
GND DIST Z2 FUNCTION GND DIST Z2 REV REACH RCA
Enabled = 1 GND DIST Z2 POL CURRENT
GND DIST Z2 NON-HOMGEN ANG
Disabled = 0
GND DIST Z2 COMP LIMIT
AND GND DIST Z2 DIR RCA
SETTING
GND DIST Z2 DIR COMP LIMIT
GND DIST Z2 BLK
GND DIST Z2 VOLT LEVEL
Off = 0
GND DIST Z2 QUAD RGT BLD
Quadrilateral
GND DIST Z2 QUAD RGT BLD RCA characteristic
GND DIST Z2 QUAD LFT BLD only
SETTING GND DIST Z2 QUAD LFT BLD RCA
DISTANCE SOURCE RUN
IA-IB
IB-IC A ELEMENT FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
IC-IA AND GND DIST Z2 PKP AB
VAG-VBG GND DIST Z2 DPO A
RUN
Wye
VTs
VBG-VCG
VCG-VAG
B ELEMENT FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
VAB
AND GND DIST Z2 PKP B
Delta
VBC
VTs
GND DIST Z2 DPO B

VCA RUN
5 I_2
I_0
V_1 MEMORY
C ELEMENT
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
GND DIST Z2 PKP C
I_1 GND DIST Z2 DPO C
IN
TIMER
V_1 > 0.80 pu 1 cycle FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR GND DIST Z2 PKP
OR
1 cycle
I_1 > 0.025 pu
SETTING
GND DIST Z2 SUPV
| IN – 0.05 × I_1 | > Pickup GND DIST Z2 SUPN IN
GND DIST Z2 DIR SUPN
OR
OPEN POLE OP **
** D60, L60, and L90 only 837011AH.CDR
Figure 5–73: GROUND DISTANCE ZONES 2 AND HIGHER SCHEME LOGIC

GROUND DIRECTIONAL SUPERVISION:
A dual (zero-sequence and negative-sequence) memory-polarized directional supervision applied to the ground distance
protection elements has been shown to give good directional integrity. However, a reverse double-line-to-ground fault can
lead to a maloperation of the ground element in a sound phase if the zone reach setting is increased to cover high resis-
tance faults.
Ground distance zones 2 and higher use an additional ground directional supervision to enhance directional integrity. The
element’s directional characteristic angle is used as a maximum torque angle together with a 90° limit angle.
The supervision is biased toward operation in order to avoid compromising the sensitivity of ground distance elements at
low signal levels. Otherwise, the reverse fault condition that generates concern will have high polarizing levels so that a cor-
rect reverse fault decision can be reliably made.

V_0 > 5 volts
SETTING
Distance Source RUN
= V_0 OR
Zero-sequence
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= I_0 directional characteristic
TIMER AND GND DIST Z2 DIR SUPN
tpickup
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OPEN POLE OP treset
Co-ordinating time:
pickup = 1.0 cycle, reset = 1.0 cycle 837009A7.CDR
Figure 5–74: GROUND DIRECTIONAL SUPERVISION SCHEME LOGIC
5.6.6 POWER SWING DETECT
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ POWER SWING DETECT
POWER SWING POWER SWING Range: Disabled, Enabled

DETECT FUNCTION: Disabled
POWER SWING Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
POWER SWING Range: Mho Shape, Quad Shape
MESSAGE
SHAPE: Mho Shape
POWER SWING Range: Two Step, Three Step
MESSAGE
MODE: Two Step
POWER SWING Range: 0.050 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001 5
MESSAGE
SUPV: 0.600 pu
POWER SWING FWD Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH: 50.00 Ω
POWER SWING QUAD FWD Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH MID: 60.00 Ω
POWER SWING QUAD FWD Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH OUT: 70.00 Ω
POWER SWING FWD Range: 40 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RCA: 75°
POWER SWING REV Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH: 50.00 Ω
POWER SWING QUAD REV Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH MID: 60.00 Ω
POWER SWING QUAD REV Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH OUT: 70.00 Ω
POWER SWING REV Range: 40 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RCA: 75°
POWER SWING OUTER Range: 40 to 140° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LIMIT ANGLE: 120°
POWER SWING MIDDLE Range: 40 to 140° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LIMIT ANGLE: 90°
POWER SWING INNER Range: 40 to 140° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LIMIT ANGLE: 60°

POWER SWING OUTER Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01

MESSAGE
RGT BLD: 100.00 Ω
POWER SWING OUTER Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
LFT BLD: 100.00 Ω
POWER SWING MIDDLE Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
RGT BLD: 100.00 Ω
POWER SWING MIDDLE Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
LFT BLD: 100.00 Ω
POWER SWING INNER Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
RGT BLD: 100.00 Ω
POWER SWING INNER Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
LFT BLD: 100.00 Ω
POWER SWING PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY 1: 0.030 s
POWER SWING RESET Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY 1: 0.050 s
MESSAGE
DELAY 2: 0.017 s
MESSAGE
DELAY 3: 0.009 s
5 MESSAGE
DELAY 4: 0.017 s
POWER SWING SEAL-IN Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.400 s
POWER SWING TRIP Range: Early, Delayed
MESSAGE
MODE: Delayed
POWER SWING BLK: Range: Flexlogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
POWER SWING Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-Reset
POWER SWING Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The power swing detect element provides both power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping functions. The element mea-
sures the positive-sequence apparent impedance and traces its locus with respect to either two or three user-selectable
operating characteristic boundaries. Upon detecting appropriate timing relations, the blocking and tripping indications are
given through FlexLogic™ operands. The element incorporates an adaptive disturbance detector. This function does not
trigger on power swings, but is capable of detecting faster disturbances – faults in particular – that may occur during power
swings. Operation of this dedicated disturbance detector is signaled via the POWER SWING 50DD operand.
The power swing detect element asserts two outputs intended for blocking selected protection elements on power swings:
POWER SWING BLOCK is a traditional signal that is safely asserted for the entire duration of the power swing, and POWER
SWING UN/BLOCK is established in the same way, but resets when an extra disturbance is detected during the power swing.
The POWER SWING UN/BLOCK operand may be used for blocking selected protection elements if the intent is to respond to
faults during power swing conditions.
Different protection elements respond differently to power swings. If tripping is required for faults during power swing condi-
tions, some elements may be blocked permanently (using the POWER SWING BLOCK operand), and others may be blocked
and dynamically unblocked upon fault detection (using the POWER SWING UN/BLOCK operand).

The operating characteristic and logic figures should be viewed along with the following discussion to develop an under-
standing of the operation of the element.
The power swing detect element operates in three-step or two-step mode:
• Three-step operation: The power swing blocking sequence essentially times the passage of the locus of the positive-
sequence impedance between the outer and the middle characteristic boundaries. If the locus enters the outer charac-
teristic (indicated by the POWER SWING OUTER FlexLogic™ operand) but stays outside the middle characteristic (indi-
cated by the POWER SWING MIDDLE FlexLogic™ operand) for an interval longer than POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 1,
the power swing blocking signal (POWER SWING BLOCK FlexLogic™ operand) is established and sealed-in. The block-
ing signal resets when the locus leaves the outer characteristic, but not sooner than the POWER SWING RESET DELAY 1
time.
• Two-step operation: If the two-step mode is selected, the sequence is identical, but it is the outer and inner character-
istics that are used to time the power swing locus.
The out-of-step tripping feature operates as follows for three-step and two-step power swing detection modes:
• Three-step operation: The out-of-step trip sequence identifies unstable power swings by determining if the imped-
ance locus spends a finite time between the outer and middle characteristics and then a finite time between the middle
and inner characteristics. The first step is similar to the power swing blocking sequence. After timer POWER SWING
PICKUP DELAY 1 times out, latch 1 is set as long as the impedance stays within the outer characteristic.
If afterwards, at any time (given the impedance stays within the outer characteristic), the locus enters the middle char-
acteristic but stays outside the inner characteristic for a period of time defined as POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 2, latch
2 is set as long as the impedance stays inside the outer characteristic. If afterwards, at any time (given the impedance
stays within the outer characteristic), the locus enters the inner characteristic and stays there for a period of time
defined as POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 3, latch 2 is set as long as the impedance stays inside the outer characteristic;
the element is now ready to trip.
If the "Early" trip mode is selected, the POWER SWING TRIP operand is set immediately and sealed-in for the interval 5
set by the POWER SWING SEAL-IN DELAY. If the "Delayed" trip mode is selected, the element waits until the impedance
locus leaves the inner characteristic, then times out the POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 2 and sets Latch 4; the element is
now ready to trip. The trip operand is set later, when the impedance locus leaves the outer characteristic.
• Two-step operation: The two-step mode of operation is similar to the three-step mode with two exceptions. First, the
initial stage monitors the time spent by the impedance locus between the outer and inner characteristics. Second, the
stage involving the POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 2 timer is bypassed. It is up to the user to integrate the blocking
(POWER SWING BLOCK) and tripping (POWER SWING TRIP) FlexLogic™ operands with other protection functions and
output contacts in order to make this element fully operational.
The element can be set to use either lens (mho) or rectangular (quadrilateral) characteristics as illustrated below. When set
to “Mho”, the element applies the right and left blinders as well. If the blinders are not required, their settings should be set
high enough to effectively disable the blinders.

R
TE
OU
ACH
E
DL
FWD RE
ID
M
R
NE
IN
FW
E
DR
GL
AN
CA
LE IT
IM
ANG L EL
RE
IT DD R
MI
V
LIM
RC
R
NE
A
IN
H
REV REAC
OUTER LIMIT ANGLE
827843A2.CDR
Figure 5–75: POWER SWING DETECT MHO OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
842734A1.CDR
Figure 5–76: EFFECTS OF BLINDERS ON THE MHO CHARACTERISTICS

INNER LFT BL
D INNER RGT BL
D
MIDDLE LFT BL
ACH OUT
ACH MID
D MIDDLE RGT
BLD
OUTER LFT BL
D OUTER RGT BL
D
QUAD FWD RE
QUAD FWD RE
FWD REACH
FWD RCA
CH MID
REV REACH
ACH OUT
QUAD REV REA
QUAD REV RE
842735A1.CDR 5
Figure 5–77: POWER SWING DETECT QUADRILATERAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
The FlexLogic™ output operands for the power swing detect element are described below:
• The POWER SWING OUTER, POWER SWING MIDDLE, POWER SWING INNER, POWER SWING TMR2 PKP, POWER SWING
TMR3 PKP, and POWER SWING TMR4 PKP FlexLogic™ operands are auxiliary operands that could be used to facilitate
testing and special applications.
• The POWER SWING BLOCK FlexLogic™ operand shall be used to block selected protection elements such as distance
functions.
• The POWER SWING UN/BLOCK FlexLogic™ operand shall be used to block those protection elements that are intended
to be blocked under power swings, but subsequently unblocked should a fault occur after the power swing blocking
condition has been established.
• The POWER SWING 50DD FlexLogic™ operand indicates that an adaptive disturbance detector integrated with the ele-
ment has picked up. This operand will trigger on faults occurring during power swing conditions. This includes both
three-phase and single-pole-open conditions.
• The POWER SWING INCOMING FlexLogic™ operand indicates an unstable power swing with an incoming locus (the
locus enters the inner characteristic).
• The POWER SWING OUTGOING FlexLogic™ operand indicates an unstable power swing with an outgoing locus (the
locus leaving the outer characteristic). This operand can be used to count unstable swings and take certain action only
after pre-defined number of unstable power swings.
• The POWER SWING TRIP FlexLogic™ operand is a trip command.
The settings for the power swing detect element are described below:
• POWER SWING FUNCTION: This setting enables and disables the entire power swing detection element. The setting
applies to both power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping functions.
• POWER SWING SOURCE: The source setting identifies the signal source for both blocking and tripping functions.
• POWER SWING SHAPE: This setting selects the shapes (either “Mho” or “Quad”) of the outer, middle and, inner char-
acteristics of the power swing detect element. The operating principle is not affected. The “Mho” characteristics use the
left and right blinders.

• POWER SWING MODE: This setting selects between the two-step and three-step operating modes and applies to
both power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping functions. The three-step mode applies if there is enough space
between the maximum load impedances and distance characteristics of the relay that all three (outer, middle, and
inner) characteristics can be placed between the load and the distance characteristics. Whether the spans between
the outer and middle as well as the middle and inner characteristics are sufficient should be determined by analysis of
the fastest power swings expected in correlation with settings of the power swing timers.
The two-step mode uses only the outer and inner characteristics for both blocking and tripping functions. This leaves
more space in heavily loaded systems to place two power swing characteristics between the distance characteristics
and the maximum load, but allows for only one determination of the impedance trajectory.
• POWER SWING SUPV: A common overcurrent pickup level supervises all three power swing characteristics. The
supervision responds to the positive sequence current.
• POWER SWING FWD REACH: This setting specifies the forward reach of all three mho characteristics and the inner
quadrilateral characteristic. For a simple system consisting of a line and two equivalent sources, this reach should be
higher than the sum of the line and remote source positive-sequence impedances. Detailed transient stability studies
may be needed for complex systems in order to determine this setting. The angle of this reach impedance is specified
by the POWER SWING FWD RCA setting.
• POWER SWING QUAD FWD REACH MID: This setting specifies the forward reach of the middle quadrilateral charac-
teristic. The angle of this reach impedance is specified by the POWER SWING FWD RCA setting. The setting is not used if
the shape setting is “Mho”.
• POWER SWING QUAD FWD REACH OUT: This setting specifies the forward reach of the outer quadrilateral charac-
• POWER SWING FWD RCA: This setting specifies the angle of the forward reach impedance for the mho characteris-
5 tics, angles of all the blinders, and both forward and reverse reach impedances of the quadrilateral characteristics.
• POWER SWING REV REACH: This setting specifies the reverse reach of all three mho characteristics and the inner
quadrilateral characteristic. For a simple system of a line and two equivalent sources, this reach should be higher than
the positive-sequence impedance of the local source. Detailed transient stability studies may be needed for complex
systems to determine this setting. The angle of this reach impedance is specified by the POWER SWING REV RCA setting
for “Mho”, and the POWER SWING FWD RCA setting for “Quad”.
• POWER SWING QUAD REV REACH MID: This setting specifies the reverse reach of the middle quadrilateral charac-
• POWER SWING QUAD REV REACH OUT: This setting specifies the reverse reach of the outer quadrilateral charac-
• POWER SWING REV RCA: This setting specifies the angle of the reverse reach impedance for the mho characteris-
tics. This setting applies to mho shapes only.
• POWER SWING OUTER LIMIT ANGLE: This setting defines the outer power swing characteristic. The convention
depicted in the Power swing detect characteristic diagram should be observed: values greater than 90° result in an
apple-shaped characteristic; values less than 90° result in a lens shaped characteristic. This angle must be selected in
consideration of the maximum expected load. If the maximum load angle is known, the outer limit angle should be
coordinated with a 20° security margin. Detailed studies may be needed for complex systems to determine this setting.
This setting applies to mho shapes only.
• POWER SWING MIDDLE LIMIT ANGLE: This setting defines the middle power swing detect characteristic. It is rele-
vant only for the 3-step mode. A typical value would be close to the average of the outer and inner limit angles. This
setting applies to mho shapes only.
• POWER SWING INNER LIMIT ANGLE: This setting defines the inner power swing detect characteristic. The inner
characteristic is used by the out-of-step tripping function: beyond the inner characteristic out-of-step trip action is defi-
nite (the actual trip may be delayed as per the TRIP MODE setting). Therefore, this angle must be selected in consider-
ation to the power swing angle beyond which the system becomes unstable and cannot recover.

The inner characteristic is also used by the power swing blocking function in the two-step mode. In this case, set this
angle large enough so that the characteristics of the distance elements are safely enclosed by the inner characteristic.
This setting applies to mho shapes only.
• POWER SWING OUTER, MIDDLE, and INNER RGT BLD: These settings specify the resistive reach of the right
blinder. The blinder applies to both “Mho” and “Quad” characteristics. Set these value high if no blinder is required for
the “Mho” characteristic.
• POWER SWING OUTER, MIDDLE, and INNER LFT BLD: These settings specify the resistive reach of the left blinder.
Enter a positive value; the relay automatically uses a negative value. The blinder applies to both “Mho” and “Quad”
characteristics. Set this value high if no blinder is required for the “Mho” characteristic.
• POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 1: All the coordinating timers are related to each other and should be set to detect
the fastest expected power swing and produce out-of-step tripping in a secure manner. The timers should be set in
consideration to the power swing detect characteristics, mode of power swing detect operation and mode of out-of-
step tripping. This timer defines the interval that the impedance locus must spend between the outer and inner charac-
teristics (two-step operating mode), or between the outer and middle characteristics (three-step operating mode)
before the power swing blocking signal is established. This time delay must be set shorter than the time required for
the impedance locus to travel between the two selected characteristics during the fastest expected power swing. This
setting is relevant for both power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping.
• POWER SWING RESET DELAY 1: This setting defines the dropout delay for the power swing blocking signal. Detec-
tion of a condition requiring a block output sets latch 1 after PICKUP DELAY 1 time. When the impedance locus leaves
the outer characteristic, timer POWER SWING RESET DELAY 1 is started. When the timer times-out the latch is reset. This
setting should be selected to give extra security for the power swing blocking action.
• POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 2: Controls the out-of-step tripping function in the three-step mode only. This timer
defines the interval the impedance locus must spend between the middle and inner characteristics before the second
step of the out-of-step tripping sequence is completed. This time delay must be set shorter than the time required for
the impedance locus to travel between the two characteristics during the fastest expected power swing. 5
• POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 3: Controls the out-of-step tripping function only. It defines the interval the imped-
ance locus must spend within the inner characteristic before the last step of the out-of-step tripping sequence is com-
pleted and the element is armed to trip. The actual moment of tripping is controlled by the TRIP MODE setting. This time
delay is provided for extra security before the out-of-step trip action is executed.
• POWER SWING PICKUP DELAY 4: Controls the out-of-step tripping function in “Delayed” trip mode only. This timer
defines the interval the impedance locus must spend outside the inner characteristic but within the outer characteristic
before the element is armed for the delayed trip. The delayed trip occurs when the impedance leaves the outer charac-
teristic. This time delay is provided for extra security and should be set considering the fastest expected power swing.
• POWER SWING SEAL-IN DELAY: The out-of-step trip FlexLogic™ operand (POWER SWING TRIP) is sealed-in for the
specified period of time. The sealing-in is crucial in the delayed trip mode, as the original trip signal is a very short
pulse occurring when the impedance locus leaves the outer characteristic after the out-of-step sequence is completed.
• POWER SWING TRIP MODE: Selection of the “Early” trip mode results in an instantaneous trip after the last step in
the out-of-step tripping sequence is completed. The early trip mode will stress the circuit breakers as the currents at
that moment are high (the electromotive forces of the two equivalent systems are approximately 180° apart). Selection
of the “Delayed” trip mode results in a trip at the moment when the impedance locus leaves the outer characteristic.
delayed trip mode will relax the operating conditions for the breakers as the currents at that moment are low. The
selection should be made considering the capability of the breakers in the system.
• POWER SWING BLK: This setting specifies the FlexLogic™ operand used for blocking the out-of-step function only.
The power swing blocking function is operational all the time as long as the element is enabled. The blocking signal
resets the output POWER SWING TRIP operand but does not stop the out-of-step tripping sequence.

SETTINGS
POWER SWING POWER SWING OUTER
SHAPE: LIMIT ANGLE:
POWER SWING FWD POWER SWING MIDDLE
REACH: LIMIT ANGLE:
POWER SWING QUAD POWER SWING INNER
FWD REACH MID: LIMIT ANGLE:
POWER SWING QUAD POWER SWING OUTER
FWD REACH OUT: RGT BLD:
POWER SWING FWD POWER SWING OUTER
RCA: LFT BLD:
SETTING POWER SWING REV POWER SWING MIDDLE
POWER SWING REACH: RGT BLD:
FUNCTION: POWER SWING QUAD REV POWER SWING MIDDLE
Disabled = 0 REACH MID: LFT BLD:
Enabled = 1 POWER SWING QUAD REV POWER SWING INNER
REACH OUT: RGT BLD:
SETTING POWER SWING REV POWER SWING INNER
RCA: LFT BLD:
POWER SWING SOURCE:
RUN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
V_1 OUTER IMPEDANCE
AND POWER SWING OUTER
I_1 REGION
RUN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
MIDDLE IMPEDANCE
AND POWER SWING MIDDLE
REGION
RUN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
INNER IMPEDANCE
AND POWER SWING INNER
REGION
SETTING
POWER SWING
SUPV:
RUN
5 I_1 > PICKUP

827840A3.CDR
Figure 5–78: POWER SWING DETECT SCHEME LOGIC (1 of 3)
SETTING
POWER SWING FUNCTION:
Disabled = 0
TIMER
Enabled = 1
0
SETTING 10 cycles
POWER SWING SOURCE: RUN TIMER

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0
AND
I_0 | |I_0| - |I_0'|| > K_0

POWER SWING 50DD
4 cycles
OR
I_1 | |I_1| - |I_1'|| > K_1
I_2 | |I_2| - |I_2'|| > K_2
I_0, I_1, I_2 - present values

I_0', I_1', I_2' - half-a-cycle old values
K_0, K_2 - three times the average change over last power cycle 842008A1.CDR
K_1 - four times the average change over last power cycle

POWER SWING OUTER

POWER SWING MIDDLE
POWER SWING INNER
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING SETTINGS
POWER SWING
POWER SWING MODE:
DELAY 1 PICKUP:
POWER SWING
3-step
AND DELAY 1 RESET:
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
tPKP
S Q1 POWER SWING BLOCK
tRST
POWER SWING UN/BLOCK
AND L1 S Q5
2-step FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
L5
R POWER SWING 50DD
R
OR
OR
SETTING
POWER SWING FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
DELAY 2 PICKUP:
POWER SWING TMR2 PKP
tPKP
AND S Q2
0
L2
R
3-step
2-step
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING POWER SWING TMR3 PKP
POWER SWING
DELAY 3 PICKUP: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
tPKP POWER SWING INCOMING
AND
0 S Q3
R
L3 SETTING
POWER SWING TRIP
5
MODE:
SETTING SETTING
POWER SWING POWER SWING
DELAY 4 PICKUP: Early
SEAL-IN DELAY:
tPKP 0
AND S Q4 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0 tRST
L4 AND POWER SWING TRIP
R AND
Delayed
SETTING FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

NOTE: POWER SWING TMR4 PKP
POWER SWING BLK:
L1 AND L4 LATCHES ARE SET DOMINANT
L2, L3 AND L5 LATCHES ARE RESET DOMINANT Off=0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
POWER SWING OUTGOING
827841A4.CDR

5.6.7 LOAD ENCROACHMENT
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ LOAD ENCROACHMENT
LOAD ENCROACHMENT LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
MIN VOLT: 0.250 pu
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: 0.02 to 250.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
REACH: 1.00 Ω
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: 5 to 50° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 30°
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PKP DELAY: 0.000 s
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
RST DELAY: 0.000 s
LOAD ENCRMNT BLK: Range: Flexlogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
5 MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
LOAD ENCROACHMENT Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The load encroachment element responds to the positive-sequence voltage and current and applies a characteristic shown
in the figure below.
X
ANGLE
–REACH REACH
R
ANGLE
LOAD ENCROACHMENT
LOAD ENCROACHMENT
OPERATE
OPERATE
827846A1.CDR
Figure 5–81: LOAD ENCROACHMENT CHARACTERISTIC

The element operates if the positive-sequence voltage is above a settable level and asserts its output signal that can be
used to block selected protection elements such as distance or phase overcurrent. The following figure shows an effect of
the load encroachment characteristics used to block the quadrilateral distance element.

837731A1.CDR
Figure 5–82: LOAD ENCROACHMENT APPLIED TO DISTANCE ELEMENT

• LOAD ENCROACHMENT MIN VOLT: This setting specifies the minimum positive-sequence voltage required for oper-
ation of the element. If the voltage is below this threshold a blocking signal will not be asserted by the element. When
selecting this setting one must remember that the L90 measures the phase-to-ground sequence voltages regardless of
the VT connection.
The nominal VT secondary voltage as specified with the SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ AC INPUTS Ö VOLTAGE BANK X5 ÖØ PHASE
VT SECONDARY setting is the per-unit base for this setting.
• LOAD ENCROACHMENT REACH: This setting specifies the resistive reach of the element as shown in the Load
encroachment characteristic diagram. This setting should be entered in secondary ohms and be calculated as the pos- 5
itive-sequence resistance seen by the relay under maximum load conditions and unity power factor.
• LOAD ENCROACHMENT ANGLE: This setting specifies the size of the blocking region as shown on the Load
encroachment characteristic diagram and applies to the positive-sequence impedance.
SETTING
LOAD ENCROACHMENT
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
Enabled=1 SETTINGS
LOAD ENCROACHMENT
SETTING REACH:
SETTINGS
LOAD ENCROACHMENT
LOAD ENCRMNT BLK:
ANGLE: LOAD ENCROACHMENT
Off=0 RUN PKP DELAY:
AND FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
LOAD ENCROACHMENT
LOAD ENCHR PKP
RST DELAY:
SETTING SETTING LOAD ENCHR DPO
Load Encroachment t PKP
LOAD ENCROACHMENT LOAD ENCROACHMENT t RST LOAD ENCHR OP
SOURCE: MIN VOLT: Characteristic
Pos Seq Voltage (V_1) V_1 > Pickup
Pos Seq Current (I_1)
827847A2.CDR
Figure 5–83: LOAD ENCROACHMENT SCHEME LOGIC

5.6.8 PHASE CURRENT
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö PHASE CURRENT
PHASE CURRENT PHASE TOC1

See page 5-163.

PHASE TOC2

PHASE IOC1

PHASE IOC2

PHASE
DIRECTIONAL 1
PHASE
DIRECTIONAL 2
b) INVERSE TIME OVERCURRENT CHARACTERISTICS

The inverse time overcurrent curves used by the time overcurrent elements are the IEEE, IEC, GE Type IAC, and I2t stan-
dard curve shapes. This allows for simplified coordination with downstream devices.
5 If none of these curve shapes is adequate, FlexCurves™ may be used to customize the inverse time curve characteristics.
The definite time curve is also an option that may be appropriate if only simple protection is required.
Table 5–12: OVERCURRENT CURVE TYPES

IEEE IEC GE TYPE IAC OTHER
IEEE Extremely Inverse IEC Curve A (BS142) IAC Extremely Inverse I2t
IEEE Very Inverse IEC Curve B (BS142) IAC Very Inverse FlexCurves™ A, B, C, and D
IEEE Moderately Inverse IEC Curve C (BS142) IAC Inverse Recloser Curves
IEC Short Inverse IAC Short Inverse Definite Time
A time dial multiplier setting allows selection of a multiple of the base curve shape (where the time dial multiplier = 1) with
the curve shape (CURVE) setting. Unlike the electromechanical time dial equivalent, operate times are directly proportional
to the time multiplier (TD MULTIPLIER) setting value. For example, all times for a multiplier of 10 are 10 times the multiplier 1
or base curve values. Setting the multiplier to zero results in an instantaneous response to all current levels above pickup.
Time overcurrent time calculations are made with an internal energy capacity memory variable. When this variable indi-
cates that the energy capacity has reached 100%, a time overcurrent element will operate. If less than 100% energy capac-
ity is accumulated in this variable and the current falls below the dropout threshold of 97 to 98% of the pickup value, the
variable must be reduced. Two methods of this resetting operation are available: “Instantaneous” and “Timed”. The “Instan-
taneous” selection is intended for applications with other relays, such as most static relays, which set the energy capacity
directly to zero when the current falls below the reset threshold. The “Timed” selection can be used where the relay must
coordinate with electromechanical relays.

IEEE CURVES:
The IEEE time overcurrent curve shapes conform to industry standards and the IEEE C37.112-1996 curve classifications
for extremely, very, and moderately inverse. The IEEE curves are derived from the formulae:
A tr
---------------------------------- + B -----------------------------------
-
T = TDM × ⎛ ---------------
I -⎞ p T TDM × 2
1 – ⎛ ---------------- ⎞
, = I (EQ 5.10)
⎝ I pickup⎠ – 1
RESET
⎝ I pickup ⎠
where: T = operate time (in seconds), TDM = Multiplier setting, I = input current, Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
A, B, p = constants, TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is “Timed”),
tr = characteristic constant
Table 5–13: IEEE INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS

IEEE CURVE SHAPE A B P TR
IEEE Extremely Inverse 28.2 0.1217 2.0000 29.1
IEEE Very Inverse 19.61 0.491 2.0000 21.6
IEEE Moderately Inverse 0.0515 0.1140 0.02000 4.85
Table 5–14: IEEE CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

MULTIPLIER CURRENT ( I / Ipickup)
(TDM)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
IEEE EXTREMELY INVERSE
0.5 11.341 4.761 1.823 1.001 0.648 0.464 0.355 0.285 0.237 0.203
1.0 22.682 9.522 3.647 2.002 1.297 0.927 0.709 0.569 0.474 0.407 5
2.0 45.363 19.043 7.293 4.003 2.593 1.855 1.418 1.139 0.948 0.813
4.0 90.727 38.087 14.587 8.007 5.187 3.710 2.837 2.277 1.897 1.626
6.0 136.090 57.130 21.880 12.010 7.780 5.564 4.255 3.416 2.845 2.439
8.0 181.454 76.174 29.174 16.014 10.374 7.419 5.674 4.555 3.794 3.252
10.0 226.817 95.217 36.467 20.017 12.967 9.274 7.092 5.693 4.742 4.065
IEEE VERY INVERSE
0.5 8.090 3.514 1.471 0.899 0.654 0.526 0.450 0.401 0.368 0.345
1.0 16.179 7.028 2.942 1.798 1.308 1.051 0.900 0.802 0.736 0.689
2.0 32.358 14.055 5.885 3.597 2.616 2.103 1.799 1.605 1.472 1.378
4.0 64.716 28.111 11.769 7.193 5.232 4.205 3.598 3.209 2.945 2.756
6.0 97.074 42.166 17.654 10.790 7.849 6.308 5.397 4.814 4.417 4.134
8.0 129.432 56.221 23.538 14.387 10.465 8.410 7.196 6.418 5.889 5.513
10.0 161.790 70.277 29.423 17.983 13.081 10.513 8.995 8.023 7.361 6.891
IEEE MODERATELY INVERSE
0.5 3.220 1.902 1.216 0.973 0.844 0.763 0.706 0.663 0.630 0.603
1.0 6.439 3.803 2.432 1.946 1.688 1.526 1.412 1.327 1.260 1.207
2.0 12.878 7.606 4.864 3.892 3.377 3.051 2.823 2.653 2.521 2.414
4.0 25.756 15.213 9.729 7.783 6.753 6.102 5.647 5.307 5.041 4.827
6.0 38.634 22.819 14.593 11.675 10.130 9.153 8.470 7.960 7.562 7.241
8.0 51.512 30.426 19.458 15.567 13.507 12.204 11.294 10.614 10.083 9.654
10.0 64.390 38.032 24.322 19.458 16.883 15.255 14.117 13.267 12.604 12.068

IEC CURVES
For European applications, the relay offers three standard curves defined in IEC 255-4 and British standard BS142. These
are defined as IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, and IEC Curve C. The formulae for these curves are:
K tr
--------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
-
T = TDM × ( I ⁄ I pickup ) E – 1 , T RESET = TDM × 1 – ( I ⁄ I 2 (EQ 5.11)
pickup )
where: T = operate time (in seconds), TDM = Multiplier setting, I = input current, Ipickup = Pickup Current setting, K, E =
constants, tr = characteristic constant, and TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100%
and RESET is “Timed”)
Table 5–15: IEC (BS) INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS

IEC (BS) CURVE SHAPE K E TR
IEC Curve A (BS142) 0.140 0.020 9.7
IEC Curve B (BS142) 13.500 1.000 43.2
IEC Curve C (BS142) 80.000 2.000 58.2
IEC Short Inverse 0.050 0.040 0.500
Table 5–16: IEC CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

(TDM)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
IEC CURVE A
0.05 0.860 0.501 0.315 0.249 0.214 0.192 0.176 0.165 0.156 0.149
5 0.10
0.20
1.719
3.439
1.003
2.006
0.630
1.260
0.498
0.996
0.428
0.856
0.384
0.767
0.353
0.706
0.330
0.659
0.312
0.623
0.297
0.594
0.40 6.878 4.012 2.521 1.992 1.712 1.535 1.411 1.319 1.247 1.188
0.60 10.317 6.017 3.781 2.988 2.568 2.302 2.117 1.978 1.870 1.782
0.80 13.755 8.023 5.042 3.984 3.424 3.070 2.822 2.637 2.493 2.376
1.00 17.194 10.029 6.302 4.980 4.280 3.837 3.528 3.297 3.116 2.971
IEC CURVE B
0.05 1.350 0.675 0.338 0.225 0.169 0.135 0.113 0.096 0.084 0.075
0.10 2.700 1.350 0.675 0.450 0.338 0.270 0.225 0.193 0.169 0.150
0.20 5.400 2.700 1.350 0.900 0.675 0.540 0.450 0.386 0.338 0.300
0.40 10.800 5.400 2.700 1.800 1.350 1.080 0.900 0.771 0.675 0.600
0.60 16.200 8.100 4.050 2.700 2.025 1.620 1.350 1.157 1.013 0.900
0.80 21.600 10.800 5.400 3.600 2.700 2.160 1.800 1.543 1.350 1.200
1.00 27.000 13.500 6.750 4.500 3.375 2.700 2.250 1.929 1.688 1.500
IEC CURVE C
0.05 3.200 1.333 0.500 0.267 0.167 0.114 0.083 0.063 0.050 0.040
0.10 6.400 2.667 1.000 0.533 0.333 0.229 0.167 0.127 0.100 0.081
0.20 12.800 5.333 2.000 1.067 0.667 0.457 0.333 0.254 0.200 0.162
0.40 25.600 10.667 4.000 2.133 1.333 0.914 0.667 0.508 0.400 0.323
0.60 38.400 16.000 6.000 3.200 2.000 1.371 1.000 0.762 0.600 0.485
0.80 51.200 21.333 8.000 4.267 2.667 1.829 1.333 1.016 0.800 0.646
1.00 64.000 26.667 10.000 5.333 3.333 2.286 1.667 1.270 1.000 0.808
IEC SHORT TIME
0.05 0.153 0.089 0.056 0.044 0.038 0.034 0.031 0.029 0.027 0.026
0.10 0.306 0.178 0.111 0.088 0.075 0.067 0.062 0.058 0.054 0.052
0.20 0.612 0.356 0.223 0.175 0.150 0.135 0.124 0.115 0.109 0.104
0.40 1.223 0.711 0.445 0.351 0.301 0.269 0.247 0.231 0.218 0.207
0.60 1.835 1.067 0.668 0.526 0.451 0.404 0.371 0.346 0.327 0.311
0.80 2.446 1.423 0.890 0.702 0.602 0.538 0.494 0.461 0.435 0.415
1.00 3.058 1.778 1.113 0.877 0.752 0.673 0.618 0.576 0.544 0.518

IAC CURVES:
The curves for the General Electric type IAC relay family are derived from the formulae:
⎛ B D E ⎞ tr
T = TDM × ⎜ A + ------------------------------ + -------------------------------------2- + -------------------------------------3-⎟ , T RESET = TDM × -------------------------------
- (EQ 5.12)
⎝ ( I ⁄ I ) – C ( ( I ⁄ I ) – C ) ( ( I ⁄ I ) – C ) ⎠ 2
pkp pkp pkp 1 – ( I ⁄ I pkp )
where: T = operate time (in seconds), TDM = Multiplier setting, I = Input current, Ipkp = Pickup Current setting, A to E =
constants, tr = characteristic constant, and TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100%
and RESET is “Timed”)
Table 5–17: GE TYPE IAC INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS

IAC CURVE SHAPE A B C D E TR
IAC Extreme Inverse 0.0040 0.6379 0.6200 1.7872 0.2461 6.008
IAC Very Inverse 0.0900 0.7955 0.1000 –1.2885 7.9586 4.678
IAC Inverse 0.2078 0.8630 0.8000 –0.4180 0.1947 0.990
IAC Short Inverse 0.0428 0.0609 0.6200 –0.0010 0.0221 0.222
Table 5–18: IAC CURVE TRIP TIMES

(TDM)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
IAC EXTREMELY INVERSE
0.5 1.699 0.749 0.303 0.178 0.123 0.093 0.074 0.062 0.053 0.046
1.0
2.0
3.398
6.796
1.498
2.997
0.606
1.212
0.356
0.711
0.246
0.491
0.186
0.372
0.149
0.298
0.124
0.248
0.106
0.212
0.093
0.185
5
4.0 13.591 5.993 2.423 1.422 0.983 0.744 0.595 0.495 0.424 0.370
6.0 20.387 8.990 3.635 2.133 1.474 1.115 0.893 0.743 0.636 0.556
8.0 27.183 11.987 4.846 2.844 1.966 1.487 1.191 0.991 0.848 0.741
10.0 33.979 14.983 6.058 3.555 2.457 1.859 1.488 1.239 1.060 0.926
IAC VERY INVERSE
0.5 1.451 0.656 0.269 0.172 0.133 0.113 0.101 0.093 0.087 0.083
1.0 2.901 1.312 0.537 0.343 0.266 0.227 0.202 0.186 0.174 0.165
2.0 5.802 2.624 1.075 0.687 0.533 0.453 0.405 0.372 0.349 0.331
4.0 11.605 5.248 2.150 1.374 1.065 0.906 0.810 0.745 0.698 0.662
6.0 17.407 7.872 3.225 2.061 1.598 1.359 1.215 1.117 1.046 0.992
8.0 23.209 10.497 4.299 2.747 2.131 1.813 1.620 1.490 1.395 1.323
10.0 29.012 13.121 5.374 3.434 2.663 2.266 2.025 1.862 1.744 1.654
IAC INVERSE
0.5 0.578 0.375 0.266 0.221 0.196 0.180 0.168 0.160 0.154 0.148
1.0 1.155 0.749 0.532 0.443 0.392 0.360 0.337 0.320 0.307 0.297
2.0 2.310 1.499 1.064 0.885 0.784 0.719 0.674 0.640 0.614 0.594
4.0 4.621 2.997 2.128 1.770 1.569 1.439 1.348 1.280 1.229 1.188
6.0 6.931 4.496 3.192 2.656 2.353 2.158 2.022 1.921 1.843 1.781
8.0 9.242 5.995 4.256 3.541 3.138 2.878 2.695 2.561 2.457 2.375
10.0 11.552 7.494 5.320 4.426 3.922 3.597 3.369 3.201 3.072 2.969
IAC SHORT INVERSE
0.5 0.072 0.047 0.035 0.031 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.025
1.0 0.143 0.095 0.070 0.061 0.057 0.054 0.052 0.051 0.050 0.049
2.0 0.286 0.190 0.140 0.123 0.114 0.108 0.105 0.102 0.100 0.099
4.0 0.573 0.379 0.279 0.245 0.228 0.217 0.210 0.204 0.200 0.197
6.0 0.859 0.569 0.419 0.368 0.341 0.325 0.314 0.307 0.301 0.296
8.0 1.145 0.759 0.559 0.490 0.455 0.434 0.419 0.409 0.401 0.394
10.0 1.431 0.948 0.699 0.613 0.569 0.542 0.524 0.511 0.501 0.493

I2t CURVES:
The curves for the I2t are derived from the formulae:
100 100
-------------------------- ----------------------------
T = TDM × ⎛ ---------------
I ⎞ 2 , T RESET = TDM × ⎛ I ⎞ – 2
- ---------------- (EQ 5.13)
⎝ I pickup ⎠ ⎝ I pickup ⎠
where: T = Operate Time (sec.); TDM = Multiplier Setting; I = Input Current; Ipickup = Pickup Current Setting;
TRESET = Reset Time in sec. (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET: Timed)
Table 5–19: I2T CURVE TRIP TIMES

(TDM)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
0.01 0.44 0.25 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01
0.10 4.44 2.50 1.11 0.63 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.10
1.00 44.44 25.00 11.11 6.25 4.00 2.78 2.04 1.56 1.23 1.00
10.00 444.44 250.00 111.11 62.50 40.00 27.78 20.41 15.63 12.35 10.00
100.00 4444.4 2500.0 1111.1 625.00 400.00 277.78 204.08 156.25 123.46 100.00
600.00 26666.7 15000.0 6666.7 3750.0 2400.0 1666.7 1224.5 937.50 740.74 600.00
FLEXCURVES™:
The custom FlexCurves™ are described in detail in the FlexCurves™ section of this chapter. The curve shapes for the
FlexCurves™ are derived from the formulae:
5 T = TDM × FlexCurve Time at ⎛⎝ ----------------⎞⎠

I
when ⎛⎝ ----------------⎞⎠ ≥ 1.00
I
(EQ 5.14)
I pickup I pickup
T RESET = TDM × FlexCurve Time at ⎛⎝ ----------------⎞⎠ when ⎛⎝ ----------------⎞⎠ ≤ 0.98

I I
(EQ 5.15)
I pickup I pickup
where: T = Operate Time (sec.), TDM = Multiplier setting

I = Input Current, Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
TRESET = Reset Time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET: Timed)
DEFINITE TIME CURVE:
The Definite Time curve shape operates as soon as the pickup level is exceeded for a specified period of time. The base
definite time curve delay is in seconds. The curve multiplier of 0.00 to 600.00 makes this delay adjustable from instanta-
neous to 600.00 seconds in steps of 10 ms.
T = TDM in seconds, when I > I pickup (EQ 5.16)
T RESET = TDM in seconds (EQ 5.17)
where: T = Operate Time (sec.), TDM = Multiplier setting

I = Input Current, Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
TRESET = Reset Time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET: Timed)
RECLOSER CURVES:
The L90 uses the FlexCurve™ feature to facilitate programming of 41 recloser curves. Please refer to the FlexCurve™ sec-
tion in this chapter for additional details.

c) PHASE TIME OVERCURRENT (ANSI 51P)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö PHASE CURRENT Ö PHASE TOC1(2)
PHASE TOC1 PHASE TOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
PHASE TOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
PHASE TOC1 Range: Phasor, RMS
MESSAGE
INPUT: Phasor
PHASE TOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
PHASE TOC1 Range: See Overcurrent Curve Types table
MESSAGE
CURVE: IEEE Mod Inv
PHASE TOC1 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
TD MULTIPLIER: 1.00
PHASE TOC1 Range: Instantaneous, Timed
MESSAGE
RESET: Instantaneous
PHASE TOC1 VOLTAGE Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
RESTRAINT: Disabled
PHASE TOC1 BLOCK A: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE TOC1 BLOCK B: Range: FlexLogic™ operand 5
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE TOC1 BLOCK C: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE TOC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
PHASE TOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The phase time overcurrent element can provide a desired time-delay operating characteristic versus the applied current or
be used as a simple definite time element. The phase current input quantities may be programmed as fundamental phasor
magnitude or total waveform RMS magnitude as required by the application.
Two methods of resetting operation are available: “Timed” and “Instantaneous” (refer to the Inverse Time overcurrent
curves characteristic sub-section earlier for details on curve setup, trip times, and reset operation). When the element is
blocked, the time accumulator will reset according to the reset characteristic. For example, if the element reset characteris-
tic is set to “Instantaneous” and the element is blocked, the time accumulator will be cleared immediately.
The PHASE TOC1 PICKUP setting can be dynamically reduced by a voltage restraint feature (when enabled). This is accom-
plished via the multipliers (Mvr) corresponding to the phase-phase voltages of the voltage restraint characteristic curve (see
the figure below); the pickup level is calculated as ‘Mvr’ times the PHASE TOC1 PICKUP setting. If the voltage restraint feature
is disabled, the pickup level always remains at the setting value.

Multiplier for Pickup Current

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Phase-Phase Voltage ÷ VT Nominal Phase-phase Voltage
818784A4.CDR
Figure 5–84: PHASE TIME OVERCURRENT VOLTAGE RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTIC
SETTING
PHASE TOC1
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
Enabled=1
SETTING
PHASE TOC1
BLOCK-A :
Off=0
5 SETTING
PHASE TOC1
BLOCK-B:
Off=0
SETTING
SETTING
PHASE TOC1
PHASE TOC1 INPUT:
BLOCK-C:
PHASE TOC1
Off=0 PICKUP:
PHASE TOC1
SETTING CURVE:
PHASE TOC1 PHASE TOC1
SOURCE: TD MULTIPLIER:
IA
PHASE TOC1
IB RESET: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
IC AND RUN PHASE TOC1 A PKP
IA PICKUP
Seq=ABC Seq=ACB PHASE TOC1 A DPO
MULTIPLY INPUTS
RUN
t PHASE TOC1 A OP
VAB VAC Set
Calculate Multiplier Set Pickup AND RUN PHASE TOC1 B PKP
RUN
Multiplier-Phase A IB PICKUP
Set PHASE TOC1 B DPO
VBC VBA Set Pickup
Calculate Multiplier t PHASE TOC1 B OP
RUN
Multiplier-Phase B
Set AND RUN PHASE TOC1 C PKP
VCA VCB IC PICKUP
Calculate Multiplier Set Pickup PHASE TOC1 C DPO
Multiplier-Phase C
t PHASE TOC1 C OP
SETTING OR PHASE TOC1 PKP
PHASE TOC1 VOLT
RESTRAINT: OR PHASE TOC1 OP
Enabled
AND PHASE TOC1 DPO
827072A4.CDR
Figure 5–85: PHASE TIME OVERCURRENT 1 SCHEME LOGIC

d) PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (ANSI 50P)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö PHASE CURRENT Ö PHASE IOC 1(2)
PHASE IOC1 PHASE IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
PHASE IOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
PHASE IOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
PHASE IOC1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
PHASE IOC1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
PHASE IOC1 BLOCK A: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE IOC1 BLOCK B: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE IOC1 BLOCK C: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE IOC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
PHASE IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled 5
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The phase instantaneous overcurrent element may be used as an instantaneous element with no intentional delay or as a
definite time element. The input current is the fundamental phasor magnitude. The phase instantaneous overcurrent timing
curves are shown below for form-A contacts in a 60 Hz system.

35
30
25
20
Milliseconds
15
Maximum
10 Minimum
0
1.05 1.1 1.2 1.5 2 5 10 15 20
5 Multiple of pickup 843807A1.CDR
Figure 5–86: PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT TIMING CURVES
SETTING SETTING SETTINGS FLEXLOGIC

PHASE IOC1 PHASE IOC1 PHASE IOC1 OPERANDS
FUNCTION: PICKUP: PICKUPDELAY: PHASE IOC1 A PKP
Enabled = 1 AND RUN PHASE IOC1 RESET
Disabled = 0 DELAY: PHASE IOC1 A DPO
IA PICKUP tPKP
SETTING tRST PHASE IOC1 B PKP
AND RUN
PHASE IOC1 PHASE IOC1 B DPO
SOURCE: tPKP
IB PICKUP
IA tRST PHASE IOC1 C PKP
AND RUN
IB
tPKP PHASE IOC1 C DPO
IC tRST
IC PICKUP
PHASE IOC1 A OP
SETTING PHASE IOC1 B OP

PHASE IOC1
BLOCK-A: PHASE IOC1 C OP
Off = 0
OR PHASE IOC1 PKP
SETTING OR PHASE IOC1 OP

PHASE IOC1
BLOCK-B:
AND PHASE IOC1 DPO
Off = 0
SETTING
827033A6.VSD
PHASE IOC1
BLOCK-C:
Off = 0
Figure 5–87: PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT 1 SCHEME LOGIC

e) PHASE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (ANSI 67P)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö PHASE CURRENT Ö PHASE DIRECTIONAL 1(2)
PHASE PHASE DIR 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

DIRECTIONAL 1 FUNCTION: Disabled
PHASE DIR 1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
PHASE DIR 1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE DIR 1 Range: 0 to 359° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ECA: 30
PHASE DIR POL V1 Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 0.700 pu
PHASE DIR 1 BLOCK Range: No, Yes
MESSAGE
WHEN V MEM EXP: No
PHASE DIR 1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
PHASE DIR 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The phase directional elements (one for each of phases A, B, and C) determine the phase current flow direction for steady
state and fault conditions and can be used to control the operation of the phase overcurrent elements via the BLOCK inputs
of these elements. 5
S
UT 0
TP
OU
–90°
VAG (Unfaulted) Fault angle

set at 60° Lag
VPol
VAG(Faulted) IA
ECA
set at 30°
VBC
VBC
VCG VBG +90°
Phasors for Phase A Polarization:
VPol = VBC × (1/_ECA) = polarizing voltage

IA = operating current
ECA = Element Characteristic Angle at 30° 827800A2.CDR
Figure 5–88: PHASE A DIRECTIONAL POLARIZATION

This element is intended to apply a block signal to an overcurrent element to prevent an operation when current is flowing
in a particular direction. The direction of current flow is determined by measuring the phase angle between the current from
the phase CTs and the line-line voltage from the VTs, based on the 90° or quadrature connection. If there is a requirement
to supervise overcurrent elements for flows in opposite directions, such as can happen through a bus-tie breaker, two
phase directional elements should be programmed with opposite element characteristic angle (ECA) settings.

To increase security for three phase faults very close to the VTs used to measure the polarizing voltage, a voltage memory
feature is incorporated. This feature stores the polarizing voltage the moment before the voltage collapses, and uses it to
determine direction. The voltage memory remains valid for one second after the voltage has collapsed.
The main component of the phase directional element is the phase angle comparator with two inputs: the operating signal
(phase current) and the polarizing signal (the line voltage, shifted in the leading direction by the characteristic angle, ECA).
The following table shows the operating and polarizing signals used for phase directional control:
PHASE OPERATING POLARIZING SIGNAL Vpol
SIGNAL
ABC PHASE SEQUENCE ACB PHASE SEQUENCE
A angle of IA angle of VBC × (1∠ECA) angle of VCB × (1∠ECA)
B angle of IB angle of VCA × (1∠ECA) angle of VAC × 1∠ECA)
C angle of IC angle of VAB × (1∠ECA) angle of VBA × (1∠ECA)
MODE OF OPERATION:
• When the function is “Disabled”, or the operating current is below 5% × CT nominal, the element output is “0”.
• When the function is “Enabled”, the operating current is above 5% × CT nominal, and the polarizing voltage is above
the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DISPLAY PROPERTIES ÖØ VOLTAGE CUT-OFF LEVEL value, the element output is dependent on
the phase angle between the operating and polarizing signals:
– The element output is logic “0” when the operating current is within polarizing voltage ±90°.
– For all other angles, the element output is logic “1”.
• Once the voltage memory has expired, the phase overcurrent elements under directional control can be set to block or
trip on overcurrent as follows:
5 – When BLOCK WHEN V MEM EXP is set to “Yes”, the directional element will block the operation of any phase
overcurrent element under directional control when voltage memory expires.
– When BLOCK WHEN V MEM EXP is set to “No”, the directional element allows tripping of phase overcurrent elements
under directional control when voltage memory expires.
In all cases, directional blocking will be permitted to resume when the polarizing voltage becomes greater than the ‘polariz-
ing voltage threshold’.
SETTINGS:
• PHASE DIR 1 SIGNAL SOURCE: This setting is used to select the source for the operating and polarizing signals.
The operating current for the phase directional element is the phase current for the selected current source. The polar-
izing voltage is the line voltage from the phase VTs, based on the 90° or ‘quadrature’ connection and shifted in the
leading direction by the element characteristic angle (ECA).
• PHASE DIR 1 ECA: This setting is used to select the element characteristic angle, i.e. the angle by which the polariz-
ing voltage is shifted in the leading direction to achieve dependable operation. In the design of the UR-series elements,
a block is applied to an element by asserting logic 1 at the blocking input. This element should be programmed via the
ECA setting so that the output is logic 1 for current in the non-tripping direction.
• PHASE DIR 1 POL V THRESHOLD: This setting is used to establish the minimum level of voltage for which the phase
angle measurement is reliable. The setting is based on VT accuracy. The default value is “0.700 pu”.
• PHASE DIR 1 BLOCK WHEN V MEM EXP: This setting is used to select the required operation upon expiration of
voltage memory. When set to "Yes", the directional element blocks the operation of any phase overcurrent element
under directional control, when voltage memory expires; when set to "No", the directional element allows tripping of
phase overcurrent elements under directional control.
The phase directional element responds to the forward load current. In the case of a following reverse fault,
the element needs some time – in the order of 8 ms – to establish a blocking signal. Some protection ele-
NOTE
ments such as instantaneous overcurrent may respond to reverse faults before the blocking signal is
established. Therefore, a coordination time of at least 10 ms must be added to all the instantaneous protec-
tion elements under the supervision of the phase directional element. If current reversal is of a concern, a
longer delay – in the order of 20 ms – may be needed.

SETTING
PHASE DIR 1
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
Enabled=1
SETTING
AND
PHASE DIR 1
BLOCK:
Off=0
SETTING
SETTING PHASE DIR 1 ECA:
PHASE DIR 1 SOURCE: I 0.05 pu AND RUN 0

IA Vpol
1 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Seq=ABC Seq=ACB I OR PH DIR1 BLK
SETTING
VBC VCB
PHASE DIR 1 POL V
THRESHOLD: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR PH DIR1 BLK A
-Use V when V Min
-Use V memory when
V < Min MEMORY TIMER
1 cycle
V MINIMUM
1 sec
AND
SETTING USE ACTUAL VOLTAGE
PHASE DIR 1 BLOCK OC

WHEN V MEM EXP:
USE MEMORIZED VOLTAGE
No
Yes
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PHASE B LOGIC SIMILAR TO PHASE A PH DIR1 BLK B
5
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PHASE C LOGIC SIMILAR TO PHASE A PH DIR1 BLK C
827078A6.CDR
Figure 5–89: PHASE DIRECTIONAL SCHEME LOGIC
5.6.9 NEUTRAL CURRENT
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö NEUTRAL CURRENT
NEUTRAL CURRENT NEUTRAL TOC1

See page 5-170.

NEUTRAL TOC2

NEUTRAL IOC1

NEUTRAL IOC2

NEUTRAL
DIRECTIONAL OC1
NEUTRAL
DIRECTIONAL OC2

b) NEUTRAL TIME OVERCURRENT (ANSI 51N)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ NEUTRAL CURRENT Ö NEUTRAL TOC1(2)
NEUTRAL TOC1 NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
NEUTRAL TOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: Phasor, RMS
MESSAGE
INPUT: Phasor
NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: See OVERCURRENT CURVE TYPES table
MESSAGE
CURVE: IEEE Mod Inv
NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
TD MULTIPLIER: 1.00
NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: Instantaneous, Timed
MESSAGE
NEUTRAL TOC1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
5 NEUTRAL TOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The neutral time overcurrent element can provide a desired time-delay operating characteristic versus the applied current
or be used as a simple definite time element. The neutral current input value is a quantity calculated as 3Io from the phase
currents and may be programmed as fundamental phasor magnitude or total waveform RMS magnitude as required by the
application.
Two methods of resetting operation are available: “Timed” and “Instantaneous” (refer to the Inverse time overcurrent curve
characteristics section for details on curve setup, trip times and reset operation). When the element is blocked, the time
accumulator will reset according to the reset characteristic. For example, if the element reset characteristic is set to “Instan-
taneous” and the element is blocked, the time accumulator will be cleared immediately.
SETTINGS
NEUTRAL TOC1
SETTING INPUT:
NEUTRAL TOC1 NEUTRAL TOC1
FUNCTION: PICKUP:
Disabled = 0 NEUTRAL TOC1
Enabled = 1 CURVE:
NEUTRAL TOC1
TD MULTIPLIER:
NEUTRAL TOC 1 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING
RESET: NEUTRAL TOC1 PKP
NEUTRAL TOC1
AND RUN IN ≥ PICKUP NEUTRAL TOC1 DPO
SOURCE:
NEUTRAL TOC1 OP
IN t
I
SETTING
NEUTRAL TOC1
BLOCK:
Off = 0 827034A3.VSD
Figure 5–90: NEUTRAL TIME OVERCURRENT 1 SCHEME LOGIC

c) NEUTRAL INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (ANSI 50N)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ NEUTRAL CURRENT ÖØ NEUTRAL IOC1(2)
NEUTRAL IOC1 NEUTRAL IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
NEUTRAL IOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
NEUTRAL IOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
NEUTRAL IOC1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
NEUTRAL IOC1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
NEUTRAL IOC1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
NEUTRAL IOC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
NEUTRAL IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The neutral instantaneous overcurrent element may be used as an instantaneous function with no intentional delay or as a
definite time function. The element essentially responds to the magnitude of a neutral current fundamental frequency pha-
sor calculated from the phase currents. A positive-sequence restraint is applied for better performance. A small portion 5
(6.25%) of the positive-sequence current magnitude is subtracted from the zero-sequence current magnitude when forming
the operating quantity of the element as follows:
I op = 3 × ( I_0 – K ⋅ I_1 ) where K = 1 ⁄ 16 (EQ 5.18)
The positive-sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious zero-sequence currents
resulting from:
• System unbalances under heavy load conditions
• Transformation errors of current transformers (CTs) during double-line and three-phase faults.
• Switch-off transients during double-line and three-phase faults.
The positive-sequence restraint must be considered when testing for pickup accuracy and response time (multiple of
pickup). The operating quantity depends on how test currents are injected into the relay (single-phase injection:
I op = 0.9375 ⋅ I injected ; three-phase pure zero-sequence injection: I op = 3 × I injected ).
SETTING
NEUTRAL IOC1 FUNCTION: SETTINGS
Disabled=0 NEUTRAL IOC1

SETTING PICKUP DELAY :
Enabled=1 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
NEUTRAL IOC1
NEUTRAL IOC1 PICKUP: NEUTRAL IOC1 PKP
RESET DELAY :
SETTING NEUTRAL IOC1 DPO
AND RUN tPKP
tRST NEUTRAL IOC1 OP
NEUTRAL IOC1 BLOCK: 3( I_0 - K I_1 ) PICKUP
Off=0
SETTING
NEUTRAL IOC1 SOURCE:

827035A4.CDR
I_0
Figure 5–91: NEUTRAL IOC1 SCHEME LOGIC

d) NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (ANSI 67N)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö NEUTRAL CURRENT ÖØ NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OC1(2)
NEUTRAL NEUTRAL DIR OC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

DIRECTIONAL OC1 FUNCTION: Disabled
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 Range: Voltage, Current, Dual
MESSAGE
POLARIZING: Voltage
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POL Range: Calculated V0, Measured VX
MESSAGE
VOLT: Calculated V0
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 OP Range: Calculated 3I0, Measured IG
MESSAGE
CURR: Calculated 3I0
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POS- Range: 0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
SEQ RESTRAINT: 0.063
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 Range: 0.00 to 250.00 Ω in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
OFFSET: 0.00 Ω
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD Range: –90 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ECA: 75° Lag
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD Range: 40 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LIMIT ANGLE: 90°
5 NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD Range: 0.006 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 0.050 pu
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV Range: 40 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LIMIT ANGLE: 90°
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV Range: 0.006 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 0.050 pu
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The neutral directional overcurrent element provides both forward and reverse fault direction indications the NEUTRAL DIR
OC1 FWD and NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV operands, respectively. The output operand is asserted if the magnitude of the oper-
ating current is above a pickup level (overcurrent unit) and the fault direction is seen as forward or reverse, respectively
(directional unit).
The overcurrent unit responds to the magnitude of a fundamental frequency phasor of the either the neutral current calcu-
lated from the phase currents or the ground current. There are separate pickup settings for the forward-looking and
reverse-looking functions. If set to use the calculated 3I_0, the element applies a positive-sequence restraint for better per-
formance: a small user-programmable portion of the positive-sequence current magnitude is subtracted from the zero-
sequence current magnitude when forming the operating quantity.
I op = 3 × ( I_0 – K × I_1 ) (EQ 5.19)
The positive-sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious zero-sequence currents
resulting from:
• System unbalances under heavy load conditions.

• Transformation errors of current transformers (CTs) during double-line and three-phase faults.
• Switch-off transients during double-line and three-phase faults.
pickup). The operating quantity depends on the way the test currents are injected into the relay (single-phase injection:
Iop = (1 – K) × Iinjected ; three-phase pure zero-sequence injection: Iop = 3 × Iinjected).
The positive-sequence restraint is removed for low currents. If the positive-sequence current is below 0.8 pu, the restraint is
removed by changing the constant K to zero. This facilitates better response to high-resistance faults when the unbalance
is very small and there is no danger of excessive CT errors as the current is low.
The directional unit uses the zero-sequence current (I_0) or ground current (IG) for fault direction discrimination and may
be programmed to use either zero-sequence voltage (“Calculated V0” or “Measured VX”), ground current (IG), or both for
polarizing. The following tables define the neutral directional overcurrent element.
Table 5–20: QUANTITIES FOR "CALCULATED 3I0" CONFIGURATION

DIRECTIONAL UNIT
OVERCURRENT UNIT
POLARIZING MODE DIRECTION COMPARED PHASORS
Forward –V_0 + Z_offset × I_0 I_0 × 1∠ECA
Voltage
Reverse –V_0 + Z_offset × I_0 –I_0 × 1∠ECA
Forward IG I_0
Current
Reverse IG –I_0
–V_0 + Z_offset × I_0 I_0 × 1∠ECA Iop = 3 × (|I_0| – K × |I_1|) if |I1| > 0.8 pu
Forward or Iop = 3 × (|I_0|) if |I1| ≤ 0.8 pu
IG I_0
Dual
–V_0 + Z_offset × I_0 –I_0 × 1∠ECA 5
Reverse or
IG –I_0
Table 5–21: QUANTITIES FOR "MEASURED IG" CONFIGURATION

DIRECTIONAL UNIT
OVERCURRENT UNIT
POLARIZING MODE DIRECTION COMPARED PHASORS
Forward –V_0 + Z_offset × IG/3 IG × 1∠ECA
Voltage Iop = |IG|
Reverse –V_0 + Z_offset × IG/3 –IG × 1∠ECA
1
where: V_0 = --- ( VAG + VBG + VCG ) = zero sequence voltage ,
3
1 1
I_0 = --- IN = --- ( IA + IB + IC ) = zero sequence current ,
3 3
ECA = element characteristic angle and IG = ground current
When NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POL VOLT is set to “Measured VX”, one-third of this voltage is used in place of V_0. The following
figure explains the usage of the voltage polarized directional unit of the element.
The figure below shows the voltage-polarized phase angle comparator characteristics for a phase A to ground fault, with:
• ECA = 90° (element characteristic angle = centerline of operating characteristic)
• FWD LA = 80° (forward limit angle = the ± angular limit with the ECA for operation)
• REV LA = 80° (reverse limit angle = the ± angular limit with the ECA for operation)
The element incorporates a current reversal logic: if the reverse direction is indicated for at least 1.25 of a power system
cycle, the prospective forward indication will be delayed by 1.5 of a power system cycle. The element is designed to emu-
late an electromechanical directional device. Larger operating and polarizing signals will result in faster directional discrimi-
nation bringing more security to the element operation.

The forward-looking function is designed to be more secure as compared to the reverse-looking function, and therefore,
should be used for the tripping direction. The reverse-looking function is designed to be faster as compared to the forward-
looking function and should be used for the blocking direction. This allows for better protection coordination.
The above bias should be taken into account when using the neutral directional overcurrent element to directionalize other
protection elements.
REV LA FWD LA
line –3V_0 line line
VAG
(reference)
REV Operating FWD Operating

Region Region
LA
LA
3I_0 line
ECA
ECA line
–ECA line
–3I_0 line LA
VCG LA
5 VBG
FWD LA
REV LA line
3V_0 line
line 827805A1.CDR
Figure 5–92: NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL VOLTAGE-POLARIZED CHARACTERISTICS

• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POLARIZING: This setting selects the polarizing mode for the directional unit.
– If “Voltage” polarizing is selected, the element uses the zero-sequence voltage angle for polarization. The user
can use either the zero-sequence voltage V_0 calculated from the phase voltages, or the zero-sequence voltage
supplied externally as the auxiliary voltage V_X, both from the NEUTRAL DIR OC1 SOURCE.
The calculated V_0 can be used as polarizing voltage only if the voltage transformers are connected in Wye. The
auxiliary voltage can be used as the polarizing voltage provided SYSTEM SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ÖØ VOLTAGE BANK
ÖØ AUXILIARY VT CONNECTION is set to “Vn” and the auxiliary voltage is connected to a zero-sequence voltage
source (such as open delta connected secondary of VTs).
The zero-sequence (V_0) or auxiliary voltage (V_X), accordingly, must be greater than 0.02 pu to be validated for
use as a polarizing signal. If the polarizing signal is invalid, neither forward nor reverse indication is given.
– If “Current” polarizing is selected, the element uses the ground current angle connected externally and configured
under NEUTRAL OC1 SOURCE for polarization. The ground CT must be connected between the ground and neutral
point of an adequate local source of ground current. The ground current must be greater than 0.05 pu to be vali-
dated as a polarizing signal. If the polarizing signal is not valid, neither forward nor reverse indication is given. In
addition, the zero-sequence current (I_0) must be greater than the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DISPLAY PROPERTIES ÖØ
CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL setting value.
For a choice of current polarizing, it is recommended that the polarizing signal be analyzed to ensure that a known
direction is maintained irrespective of the fault location. For example, if using an autotransformer neutral current
as a polarizing source, it should be ensured that a reversal of the ground current does not occur for a high-side
fault. The low-side system impedance should be assumed minimal when checking for this condition. A similar sit-
uation arises for a wye/delta/wye transformer, where current in one transformer winding neutral may reverse when
faults on both sides of the transformer are considered.

– If “Dual” polarizing is selected, the element performs both directional comparisons as described above. A given
direction is confirmed if either voltage or current comparators indicate so. If a conflicting (simultaneous forward
and reverse) indication occurs, the forward direction overrides the reverse direction.
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POL VOLT: Selects the polarizing voltage used by the directional unit when "Voltage" or "Dual"
polarizing mode is set. The polarizing voltage can be programmed to be either the zero-sequence voltage calculated
from the phase voltages ("Calculated V0") or supplied externally as an auxiliary voltage ("Measured VX").
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 OP CURR: This setting indicates whether the 3I_0 current calculated from the phase currents, or
the ground current shall be used by this protection. This setting acts as a switch between the neutral and ground
modes of operation (67N and 67G). If set to “Calculated 3I0” the element uses the phase currents and applies the pos-
itive-sequence restraint; if set to “Measured IG” the element uses ground current supplied to the ground CT of the CT
bank configured as NEUTRAL DIR OC1 SOURCE. If this setting is “Measured IG”, then the NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POLARIZING
setting must be “Voltage”, as it is not possible to use the ground current as an operating and polarizing signal simulta-
neously.
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POS-SEQ RESTRAINT: This setting controls the amount of the positive-sequence restraint. Set
to 0.063 for backward compatibility with firmware revision 3.40 and older. Set to zero to remove the restraint. Set
higher if large system unbalances or poor CT performance are expected.
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 OFFSET: This setting specifies the offset impedance used by this protection. The primary appli-
cation for the offset impedance is to guarantee correct identification of fault direction on series compensated lines. In
regular applications, the offset impedance ensures proper operation even if the zero-sequence voltage at the relaying
point is very small. If this is the intent, the offset impedance shall not be larger than the zero-sequence impedance of
the protected circuit. Practically, it shall be several times smaller. The offset impedance shall be entered in secondary
ohms.
See chapter 8 for additional details and chapter 9 for information on how to calculate this setting
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD ECA: This setting defines the characteristic angle (ECA) for the forward direction in the 5
"Voltage" polarizing mode. The "Current" polarizing mode uses a fixed ECA of 0°. The ECA in the reverse direction is
the angle set for the forward direction shifted by 180°.
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD LIMIT ANGLE: This setting defines a symmetrical (in both directions from the ECA) limit
angle for the forward direction.
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD PICKUP: This setting defines the pickup level for the overcurrent unit of the element in the
forward direction. When selecting this setting it must be kept in mind that the design uses a ‘positive-sequence
restraint’ technique for the “Calculated 3I0” mode of operation.
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV LIMIT ANGLE: This setting defines a symmetrical (in both directions from the ECA) limit
angle for the reverse direction.
• NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV PICKUP: This setting defines the pickup level for the overcurrent unit of the element in the
reverse direction. When selecting this setting it must be kept in mind that the design uses a positive-sequence restraint
technique for the “Calculated 3I0” mode of operation.

SETTING
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD
PICKUP:
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 OP
CURR:
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POS-

SETTING SEQ RESTRAINT:
RUN
NEUTRAL DIR OC1
FUNCTION: 3( I_0 - K I_1 ) PICKUP
Disabled=0 OR
Enabled=1 IG PICKUP AND
SETTING
AND SETTINGS
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 BLK: AND
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD
ECA:
Off=0
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
LIMIT ANGLE:
SETTING AND NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV
SOURCE: LIMIT ANGLE:
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POL NEUTRAL DIR OC1

VOLT: OFFSET:
RUN
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 OP
CURR:
FWD
}
Measured VX OR
Calculated V_0 FWD
1.25 cy
}
-3V_0 AND
Zero Seq Crt (I_0) 1.5 cy
Ground Crt (IG) REV
3I_0 REV
Voltage Polarization
SETTING IG 0.05 pu AND RUN

NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD
POLARIZING:
Voltage OR Current Polarization
5 Current
Dual OR
REV
OR
NOTE:
1) CURRENT POLARIZING IS POSSIBLE ONLY IN RELAYS WITH
THE GROUND CURRENT INPUTS CONNECTED TO
AN ADEQUATE CURRENT POLARIZING SOURCE SETTING
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV
2) GROUND CURRENT CAN NOT BE USED FOR POLARIZATION PICKUP:
AND OPERATION SIMULTANEOUSLY AND FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
NEUTRAL DIR OC1 OP
3) POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESTRAINT IS NOT APPLIED WHEN CURR: NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV
I_1 IS BELOW 0.8pu NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POS-
SEQ RESTRAINT:
RUN
3( I_0 - K I_1 ) PICKUP 827077AB.CDR
OR
IG PICKUP
Figure 5–93: NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT LOGIC

5.6.10 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT
a) WATTMETRIC ZERO-SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL (ANSI 32N)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) Ö WATTMETRIC... ÖØ WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT 1(2)
WATTMETRIC WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

GROUND FAULT 1 FUNCTION: Disabled
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: Calculated VN, Measured VX
MESSAGE
VOLT: Calculated VN
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: 0.02 to 3.00 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
OV PKP: 0.20 pu
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: Calculated IN, Measured IG
MESSAGE
CURR: Calculated IN
MESSAGE
OC PKP: 0.060 pu
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
OC PKP DEL: 0.20 s
MESSAGE
PWR PKP: 0.100 pu
MESSAGE
5
REF PWR: 0.500 pu
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: 0 to 360° Lag in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ECA: 0° Lag
MESSAGE
PWR PKP DEL: 0.20 s
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: Definite Time, Inverse, FlexCurves A through D
MESSAGE
CURVE: Definite Time
MESSAGE
MULTIPLIER: 1.00 s
WATT GND FLT 1 BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The wattmetric zero-sequence directional element responds to power derived from zero-sequence voltage and current in a
direction specified by the element characteristic angle. The angle can be set within all four quadrants and the power can be
active or reactive. Therefore, the element may be used to sense either forward or reverse ground faults in either inductive,
capacitive or resistive networks. The inverse time characteristic allows time coordination of elements across the network.
Typical applications include ground fault protection in solidly grounded transmission networks, grounded/ungrounded/resis-
tor-grounded/resonant-grounded distribution networks, or for directionalizing other non-directional ground elements.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 VOLT: The element uses neutral voltage (that is, three times the zero-sequence voltage).
This setting allows selecting between the internally calculated neutral voltage, or externally supplied voltage (broken
delta VT connected to the auxiliary channel bank of the relay). When the latter selection is made, the auxiliary channel
must be identified by the user as a neutral voltage under the VT bank settings. This element will operate only if the aux-
iliary voltage is configured as neutral.

• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 OV PKP: This setting specifies the minimum zero sequence voltage supervising the direc-
tional power measurement. This threshold should be higher than possible unbalance during normal operation of the
system. Typically, this setting would be selected at 0.1 to 0.2 pu for the ungrounded or resonant grounded systems,
and at 0.05 to 0.1 pu for solidly or resistor-grounded systems. When using externally supplied voltage via the auxiliary
voltage channel, 1 pu is the nominal voltage of this channel as per VT bank settings. When using internally calculated
neutral voltage, 1 pu is the nominal phase to ground voltage as per the VT bank settings.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 CURR: The element responds to the neutral current (that is, three times zero-sequence
current), either calculated internally from the phase currents or supplied externally via the ground CT input from more
accurate sources such as the core balanced CT. This setting allows selecting the source of the operating current.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 OC PKP: This setting specifies the current supervision level for the measurement of the
zero-sequence power.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 OC PKP DEL: This setting specifies delay for the overcurrent portion of this element. The
delay applies to the WATTMETRIC 1 PKP operand driven from the overcurrent condition.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 PWR PKP: This setting specifies the operating point of the element. A value of 1 pu is a
product of the 1 pu voltage as specified for the overvoltage condition of this element, and 1 pu current as specified for
the overcurrent condition of this element.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 REF PWR: This setting is used to calculate the inverse time characteristic delay (defined
by Sref in the following equations). A value of 1 pu represents the product of a 1 pu voltage (as specified in the overvolt-
age condition for this element) and a 1 pu current (as specified in the overcurrent condition for this element.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 ECA: This setting adjusts the maximum torque angle of the element. The operating power
is calculated as:
S_op = Re ( V n ( I n × 1 ∠ECA )∗ ) (EQ 5.20)
5 where * indicates complex conjugate. By varying the element characteristic angle (ECA), the element can be made to
respond to forward or reverse direction in inductive, resistive, or capacitive networks as shown in the Wattmetric char-
acteristic angle response diagram.
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 PWR PKP DEL: This setting defines a definite time delay before the inverse time charac-
teristic is activated. If the curve selection is set as “Definite Time”, the element would operate after this security time
delay. If the curve selection is “Inverse” or one of the FlexCurves, the element uses both the definite and inverse time
timers simultaneously. The definite time timer, specified by this setting, is used and when expires it releases the
inverse time timer for operation (torque control).
• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 CURVE: This setting allows choosing one of three methods to delay operate signal once all
conditions are met to discriminate fault direction.
The “Definite Time” selection allows for a fixed time delay defined by the WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 PWR PKP DEL setting.
The “Inverse” selection allows for inverse time characteristics delay defined by the following formula:
S ref
t = m × ---------- (EQ 5.21)
S op
where m is a multiplier defined by the multiplier setting, Sref is the multiplier setting, and Sop is the operating power at
the time. This timer starts after the definite time timer expires.
The four FlexCurves allow for custom user-programmable time characteristics. When working with FlexCurves, the
element uses the operate to pickup ratio, and the multiplier setting is not applied:
S op
t = FlexCurve ⎛ ----------⎞ (EQ 5.22)
⎝ S ref⎠
Again, the FlexCurve timer starts after the definite time timer expires.

FORWARD FAULT REVERSE FAULT
ECA = 180 to 270° ECA = 0 to 90°
INDUCTIVE NETWORK
Vn Vn
In In
RESISTIVE NETWORK
ECA = 180° ECA = 0°
Vn Vn
In In
In In
CAPACITIIVE NETWORK
5
Vn Vn
ECA = 90 to 180° ECA = 270 to 360°
837804A1.CDR
Figure 5–94: WATTMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC ANGLE RESPONSE

• WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 MULTIPLIER: This setting is applicable if WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 CURVE above is selected
to Inverse and defines the multiplier factor for the inverse time delay.
SETTINGS SETTINGS
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1
SOURCE: PWR PICKUP:
CURRENT: SETTING SETTINGS
OC PICKUP:
Calculated: Measured: WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1
Neutral, In Ground, Ig ECA: OV PICKUP: CURVE:
SETTING
VOLTAGE: S = V*conj (I*exp(-j*ECA)) SOP > PWR PICKUP WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 REF PWR:
Calculated: Measured: 1 PWR PKP DEL:
Neutral, Vn Auxiliary, Vx MULTIPLIER:
VMAG > OV PICKUP
AND
tPKP RUN
0 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
IMAG > OC PICKUP SREF
SETTINGS t = m× WATTMETRIC 1 OP
SOP
WATTMETRIC GND FLT
AND
SETTING
1 FUNCTION:
Enabled = 1
OC PKP DEL:
AND
WATT GND FLT 1 BLK:

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Off = 0
tPKP WATTMETRIC 1 PKP
0
837033A4.CDR
Figure 5–95: WATTMETRIC ZERO-SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL LOGIC

5.6.11 GROUND CURRENT
a) GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT (ANSI 51G)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ GROUND CURRENT Ö GROUND TOC1(2)
GROUND TOC1 GROUND TOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
GROUND TOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
GROUND TOC1 Range: Phasor, RMS
MESSAGE
INPUT: Phasor
GROUND TOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
GROUND TOC1 Range: see the Overcurrent Curve Types table
MESSAGE
CURVE: IEEE Mod Inv
GROUND TOC1 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
TD MULTIPLIER: 1.00
GROUND TOC1 Range: Instantaneous, Timed
MESSAGE
GROUND TOC1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
5 MESSAGE
GROUND TOC1
TARGET: Self-reset
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
GROUND TOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
This element can provide a desired time-delay operating characteristic versus the applied current or be used as a simple
definite time element. The ground current input value is the quantity measured by the ground input CT and is the funda-
mental phasor or RMS magnitude. Two methods of resetting operation are available: “Timed” and “Instantaneous” (refer to
the Inverse time overcurrent curve characteristics section for details). When the element is blocked, the time accumulator
will reset according to the reset characteristic. For example, if the element reset characteristic is set to “Instantaneous” and
the element is blocked, the time accumulator will be cleared immediately.
These elements measure the current that is connected to the ground channel of a CT/VT module. The conversion
range of a standard channel is from 0.02 to 46 times the CT rating.
NOTE
SETTINGS
GROUND TOC1
SETTING INPUT:
GROUND TOC1 GROUND TOC1
FUNCTION: PICKUP:
Disabled = 0 GROUND TOC1
Enabled = 1 CURVE:
GROUND TOC1
TD MULTIPLIER:
GROUND TOC 1 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING
RESET: GROUND TOC1 PKP
GROUND TOC1
AND RUN IG ≥ PICKUP GROUND TOC1 DPO
SOURCE:
GROUND TOC1 OP
IG t
I
SETTING
GROUND TOC1
BLOCK:
827036A3.VSD
Off = 0
Figure 5–96: GROUND TOC1 SCHEME LOGIC

b) GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (ANSI 50G)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ GROUND CURRENT ÖØ GROUND IOC1(2)
GROUND IOC1 GROUND IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
GROUND IOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
GROUND IOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
GROUND IOC1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
GROUND IOC1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
GROUND IOC1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
GROUND IOC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
GROUND IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The ground instantaneous overcurrent element may be used as an instantaneous element with no intentional delay or as a
definite time element. The ground current input is the quantity measured by the ground input CT and is the fundamental
phasor magnitude. 5
These elements measure the current that is connected to the ground channel of a CT/VT module. The conversion
range of a standard channel is from 0.02 to 46 times the CT rating.
NOTE
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING GROUND IOC1 PKP
GROUND IOC1
GROUND IOIC DPO
FUNCTION:
Disabled = 0 SETTINGS GROUND IOC1 OP
Enabled = 1 GROUND IOC1 PICKUP

SETTING DELAY:
GROUND IOC1 GROUND IOC1 RESET
SETTING
PICKUP: DELAY:
GROUND IOC1
AND RUN tPKP
SOURCE:
IG
IG ≥ PICKUP tRST
SETTING
GROUND IOC1
BLOCK:
827037A4.VSD
Off = 0
Figure 5–97: GROUND IOC1 SCHEME LOGIC

5.6.12 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT
a) NEGATIVE SEQUENCE TIME OVERCURRENT (ANSI 51_2)

PATH: SETTINGS Ø GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT Ö NEG SEQ TOC1(2)
NEG SEQ TOC1 NEG SEQ TOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
NEG SEQ TOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
NEG SEQ TOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
NEG SEQ TOC1 Range: see OVERCURRENT CURVE TYPES table
MESSAGE
CURVE: IEEE Mod Inv
NEG SEQ TOC1 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
TD MULTIPLIER: 1.00
NEG SEQ TOC1 Range: Instantaneous, Timed
MESSAGE
NEG SEQ TOC1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
NEG SEQ TOC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
5 MESSAGE
NEG SEQ TOC1
EVENTS: Disabled
Range: Disabled, Enabled
The negative-sequence time overcurrent element may be used to determine and clear unbalance in the system. The input
for calculating negative-sequence current is the fundamental phasor value.
Two methods of resetting operation are available; “Timed” and “Instantaneous” (refer to the Inverse Time Overcurrent Char-
acteristics sub-section for details on curve setup, trip times and reset operation). When the element is blocked, the time
accumulator will reset according to the reset characteristic. For example, if the element reset characteristic is set to “Instan-
taneous” and the element is blocked, the time accumulator will be cleared immediately.
SETTING
NEG SEQ TOC1 INPUT:
NEG SEQ TOC1 PICKUP:

SETTING
NEG SEQ TOC1 CURVE:
NEG SEQ TOC1 FUNCTION:
Disabled=0 NEG SEQ TOC1 TD MULTIPLIER:

Enabled=1
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
NEG SEQ TOC1 RESET:
NEG SEQ TOC1 PKP
SETTING
AND RUN NEG SEQ < PICKUP NEG SEQ TOC1 DPO
NEG SEQ TOC1 BLOCK: NEG SEQ TOC1 OP
Off=0
t
SETTING
NEG SEQ TOC1 SOURCE:
Neg Seq 827057A4.CDR
Figure 5–98: NEGATIVE SEQUENCE TOC1 SCHEME LOGIC

b) NEGATIVE SEQUENCE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (ANSI 50_2)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT ÖØ NEG SEQ OC1(2)
NEG SEQ IOC1 NEG SEQ IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
NEG SEQ IOC1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
NEG SEQ IOC1 Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
NEG SEQ IOC1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
NEG SEQ IOC1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
NEG SEQ IOC1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
NEG SEQ IOC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
NEG SEQ IOC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent element may be used as an instantaneous function with no intentional
delay or as a definite time function. The element responds to the negative-sequence current fundamental frequency phasor
magnitude (calculated from the phase currents) and applies a positive-sequence restraint for better performance: a small 5
portion (12.5%) of the positive-sequence current magnitude is subtracted from the negative-sequence current magnitude
when forming the operating quantity:
I op = I_2 – K ⋅ I_1 where K = 1 ⁄ 8 (EQ 5.23)
The positive-sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious negative-sequence cur-
rents resulting from:
• system unbalances under heavy load conditions
• transformation errors of current transformers (CTs) during three-phase faults
• fault inception and switch-off transients during three-phase faults
pickup). The operating quantity depends on the way the test currents are injected into the relay (single-phase injection:
I op = 0.2917 ⋅ I injected ; three-phase injection, opposite rotation: I op = I injected ).
SETTING
NEG SEQ IOC1 FUNCTION: SETTING
Disabled=0 NEG SEQ IOC1

SETTING PICKUP DELAY:
Enabled=1 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
NEG SEQ IOC1
NEG SEQ IOC1 PICKUP: NEG SEQ IOC1 PKP
RESET DELAY:
SETTING NEG SEQ IOC1 DPO
AND RUN tPKP
tRST NEG SEQ IOC1 OP
NEG SEQ IOC1 BLOCK: I_2 - K I_1 PICKUP
Off=0
SETTING
NEG SEQ IOC1 SOURCE:
I_2 827058A5.CDR
Figure 5–99: NEGATIVE SEQUENCE IOC1 SCHEME LOGIC

c) NEGATIVE SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (ANSI 67_2)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT ÖØ NEG SEQ DIR OC1(2)
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
FUNCTION: Disabled
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: 0.00 to 250.00 ohms in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
OFFSET: 0.00 Ω
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: Neg Sequence, Zero Sequence
MESSAGE
TYPE: Neg Sequence
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 POS- Range: 0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
SEQ RESTRAINT: 0.063
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD Range: 0 to 90° Lag in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ECA: 75° Lag
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD Range: 40 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LIMIT ANGLE: 90°
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD Range: 0.015 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 0.050 pu
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 REV Range: 40 to 90° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
LIMIT ANGLE: 90°
5 NEG SEQ DIR OC1 REV Range: 0.015 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 0.050 pu
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
There are two negative-sequence directional overcurrent protection elements available. The element provides both forward
and reverse fault direction indications through its output operands NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD and NEG SEQ DIR OC1 REV,
respectively. The output operand is asserted if the magnitude of the operating current is above a pickup level (overcurrent
unit) and the fault direction is seen as forward or reverse, respectively (directional unit).
The overcurrent unit of the element essentially responds to the magnitude of a fundamental frequency phasor of either
the negative-sequence or zero-sequence current as per user selection. The zero-sequence current should not be mistaken
with the neutral current (factor 3 difference).
A positive-sequence restraint is applied for better performance: a small user-programmable portion of the positive-
sequence current magnitude is subtracted from the negative or zero-sequence current magnitude, respectively, when form-
ing the element operating quantity.
I op = I_2 – K × I_1 or I op = 3 × I_0 – K × I_1 (EQ 5.24)
The positive-sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious negative-sequence and
zero-sequence currents resulting from:
• System unbalances under heavy load conditions.
• Transformation errors of current transformers (CTs).
• Fault inception and switch-off transients.

The positive-sequence restraint must be considered when testing for pick-up accuracy and response time (multiple of
pickup). The operating quantity depends on the way the test currents are injected into the relay:
• Single-phase injection: Iop = 1/3 × (1 – K) × Iinjected.
• Three-phase pure zero- or negative-sequence injection, respectively: Iop = Iinjected.
• The directional unit uses the negative-sequence current and voltage for fault direction discrimination.
The following table defines the negative-sequence directional overcurrent element.
OVERCURRENT UNIT DIRECTIONAL UNIT
MODE OPERATING CURRENT DIRECTION COMPARED PHASORS
Negative-sequence Iop = |I_2| – K × I_1| Forward –V_2 + Z_offset × I_2 I_2 × 1∠ECA
Reverse –V_2 + Z_offset × I_2 –(I_2 × 1∠ECA)
Zero-sequence Iop = 3 × |I_0| – K × |I_1| Forward –V_2 + Z_offset × I_2 I_2 × 1∠ECA
Reverse –V_2 + Z_offset × I_2 –(I_2 × 1∠ECA)
The negative-sequence voltage must be greater than 0.02 pu to be validated for use as a polarizing signal. If the polarizing
signal is not validated neither forward nor reverse indication is given. The following figure explains the usage of the voltage
polarized directional unit of the element.
The figure below shows the phase angle comparator characteristics for a phase A to ground fault, with settings of:
ECA = 75° (element characteristic angle = centerline of operating characteristic)
FWD LA = 80° (forward limit angle = ± the angular limit with the ECA for operation)
REV LA = 80° (reverse limit angle = ± the angular limit with the ECA for operation)
The element incorporates a current reversal logic: if the reverse direction is indicated for at least 1.25 of a power system
cycle, the prospective forward indication will be delayed by 1.5 of a power system cycle. The element is designed to emu-
late an electromechanical directional device. Larger operating and polarizing signals will result in faster directional discrimi-
5
nation bringing more security to the element operation.
–V_2 line
REV FWD
LA LA VAG (reference)
REV Operating
Region
LA
ECA line
LA ECA
I_2 line
–I_2 line LA
FWD Operating
Region
–ECA line
LA
VCG VBG
REV FWD
LA LA
V_2 line 827806A2.CDR
Figure 5–100: NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC

The forward-looking function is designed to be more secure as compared to the reverse-looking function, and therefore
should be used for the tripping direction. The reverse-looking function is designed to be faster as compared to the forward-
looking function and should be used for the blocking direction. This allows for better protection coordination. The above

bias should be taken into account when using the negative-sequence directional overcurrent element to directionalize other
protection elements. The negative-sequence directional pickup must be greater than the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ DISPLAY
PROPERTIES ÖØ CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL setting value.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 OFFSET: This setting specifies the offset impedance used by this protection. The primary applica-
tion for the offset impedance is to guarantee correct identification of fault direction on series compensated lines (see
the Application of settings chapter for information on how to calculate this setting). In regular applications, the offset
impedance ensures proper operation even if the negative-sequence voltage at the relaying point is very small. If this is
the intent, the offset impedance shall not be larger than the negative-sequence impedance of the protected circuit.
Practically, it shall be several times smaller. The offset impedance shall be entered in secondary ohms. See the Theory
of operation chapter for additional details.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 TYPE: This setting selects the operating mode for the overcurrent unit of the element. The
choices are “Neg Sequence” and “Zero Sequence”. In some applications it is advantageous to use a directional nega-
tive-sequence overcurrent function instead of a directional zero-sequence overcurrent function as inter-circuit mutual
effects are minimized.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 POS-SEQ RESTRAINT: This setting controls the positive-sequence restraint. Set to 0.063 (in
“Zero Sequence” mode) or 0.125 (in “Neg Sequence” mode) for backward compatibility with revisions 3.40 and earlier.
Set to zero to remove the restraint. Set higher if large system unbalances or poor CT performance are expected.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD ECA: This setting select the element characteristic angle (ECA) for the forward direction.
The element characteristic angle in the reverse direction is the angle set for the forward direction shifted by 180°.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD LIMIT ANGLE: This setting defines a symmetrical (in both directions from the ECA) limit
angle for the forward direction.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD PICKUP: This setting defines the pickup level for the overcurrent unit in the forward direc-
tion. Upon NEG SEQ DIR OC1 TYPE selection, this pickup threshold applies to zero- or negative-sequence current. When
5 selecting this setting it must be kept in mind that the design uses a positive-sequence restraint technique.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 REV LIMIT ANGLE: This setting defines a symmetrical (in both directions from the ECA) limit
angle for the reverse direction.
• NEG SEQ DIR OC1 REV PICKUP: This setting defines the pickup level for the overcurrent unit in the reverse direc-
tion. Upon NEG SEQ DIR OC1 TYPE selection, this pickup threshold applies to zero- or negative-sequence current. When
selecting this setting it must be kept in mind that the design uses a positive-sequence restraint technique.
SETTINGS
Forward Pickup
Positive-Sequence Restraint
AND RUN
( |3I_0| – K × |I_1| ) ≥ Pickup

OR
AND RUN
( |I_2| – K × |I_1| ) ≥ Pickup AND

SETTING
Function
Disabled = 0 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Enabled = 1 SETTINGS AND NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD
Forward ECA
SETTING AND Forward Limit Angle
Block Reverse Limit Angle
Off = 0 Offset
TIMER
RUN
1.25 cycles
Forward AND
ACTUAL VALUES 1.5 cycles
V_2
I_2
I_0 Reverse
NOTE: Voltage Polarization

V_2 is negative-sequence voltage
I_2 is negative-sequence current
I_0 is zero-sequence current
SETTINGS
Reverse Pickup
Pos Seq Restraint AND
AND RUN
SETTING
Type ( |I_2| – K × |I_1| ) ≥ Pickup
= Neg Sequence OR FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND RUN
= Zero Sequence NEG SEQ DIR OC1 REV
( |3I_0| – K × |I_1| ) ≥ Pickup
827091A6.CDR
Figure 5–101: NEGATIVE SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OC1 SCHEME LOGIC

5.6.13 BREAKER FAILURE
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ BREAKER FAILURE Ö BREAKER FAILURE 1(2)
BREAKER FAILURE 1 BF1 FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

Disabled
BF1 MODE: Range: 3-Pole, 1-Pole

MESSAGE
3-Pole
BF1 SOURCE: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4

MESSAGE
SRC 1
BF1 USE AMP SUPV: Range: Yes, No
MESSAGE
Yes
BF1 USE SEAL-IN: Range: Yes, No
MESSAGE
Yes
BF1 3-POLE INITIATE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BF1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BF1 PH AMP SUPV Range: 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.050 pu
BF1 N AMP SUPV Range: 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.050 pu 5
BF1 USE TIMER 1: Range: Yes, No
MESSAGE
Yes
BF1 TIMER 1 PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
MESSAGE
Yes
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
MESSAGE
Yes
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
BF1 BKR POS1 φA/3P: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BF1 BKR POS2 φA/3P: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BF1 BREAKER TEST ON: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BF1 PH AMP HISET Range: 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.050 pu
BF1 N AMP HISET Range: 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.050 pu
BF1 PH AMP LOSET Range: 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.050 pu

BF1 N AMP LOSET Range: 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001

MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.050 pu
BF1 LOSET TIME Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
BF1 TRIP DROPOUT Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
BF1 TARGET Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-Reset
BF1 EVENTS Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
BF1 PH A INITIATE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE Valid only for 1-Pole breaker failure schemes.
Off
BF1 PH B INITIATE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
Off
BF1 PH C INITIATE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
Off
BF1 BKR POS1 φB Range: FlexLogic™ operand
Off
BF1 BKR POS1 φC Range: FlexLogic™ operand
Off
5 MESSAGE
BF1 BKR POS2 φB Range: FlexLogic™ operand
Off Valid only for 1-Pole breaker failure schemes.
BF1 BKR POS2 φC Range: FlexLogic™ operand

Off
In general, a breaker failure scheme determines that a breaker signaled to trip has not cleared a fault within a definite time,
so further tripping action must be performed. Tripping from the breaker failure scheme should trip all breakers, both local
and remote, that can supply current to the faulted zone. Usually operation of a breaker failure element will cause clearing of
a larger section of the power system than the initial trip. Because breaker failure can result in tripping a large number of
breakers and this affects system safety and stability, a very high level of security is required.
Two schemes are provided: one for three-pole tripping only (identified by the name “3BF”) and one for three pole plus sin-
gle-pole operation (identified by the name “1BF”). The philosophy used in these schemes is identical. The operation of a
breaker failure element includes three stages: initiation, determination of a breaker failure condition, and output.
INITIATION STAGE:
A FlexLogic™ operand representing the protection trip signal initially sent to the breaker must be selected to initiate the
scheme. The initiating signal should be sealed-in if primary fault detection can reset before the breaker failure timers have
finished timing. The seal-in is supervised by current level, so it is reset when the fault is cleared. If desired, an incomplete
sequence seal-in reset can be implemented by using the initiating operand to also initiate a FlexLogic™ timer, set longer
than any breaker failure timer, whose output operand is selected to block the breaker failure scheme.
For the L90 relay, the protection trip signal initially sent to the breaker is already programmed as a trip output. The
protection trip signal does not include other breaker commands that are not indicative of a fault in the protected
NOTE
zone.
Schemes can be initiated either directly or with current level supervision. It is particularly important in any application to
decide if a current-supervised initiate is to be used. The use of a current-supervised initiate results in the breaker failure ele-
ment not being initiated for a breaker that has very little or no current flowing through it, which may be the case for trans-
former faults. For those situations where it is required to maintain breaker fail coverage for fault levels below the BF1 PH
AMP SUPV PICKUP or the BF1 N AMP SUPV PICKUP setting, a current supervised initiate should not be used. This feature
should be utilized for those situations where coordinating margins may be reduced when high speed reclosing is used.
Thus, if this choice is made, fault levels must always be above the supervision pickup levels for dependable operation of

the breaker fail scheme. This can also occur in breaker-and-a-half or ring bus configurations where the first breaker closes
into a fault; the protection trips and attempts to initiate breaker failure for the second breaker, which is in the process of
closing, but does not yet have current flowing through it.
When the scheme is initiated, it immediately sends a trip signal to the breaker initially signaled to trip (this feature is usually
described as re-trip). This reduces the possibility of widespread tripping that results from a declaration of a failed breaker.
DETERMINATION OF A BREAKER FAILURE CONDITION:
The schemes determine a breaker failure condition via three paths. Each of these paths is equipped with a time delay, after
which a failed breaker is declared and trip signals are sent to all breakers required to clear the zone. The delayed paths are
associated with breaker failure timers 1, 2, and 3, which are intended to have delays increasing with increasing timer num-
bers. These delayed paths are individually enabled to allow for maximum flexibility.
Timer 1 logic (early path) is supervised by a fast-operating breaker auxiliary contact. If the breaker is still closed (as indi-
cated by the auxiliary contact) and fault current is detected after the delay interval, an output is issued. Operation of the
breaker auxiliary switch indicates that the breaker has mechanically operated. The continued presence of current indicates
that the breaker has failed to interrupt the circuit.
Timer 2 logic (main path) is not supervised by a breaker auxiliary contact. If fault current is detected after the delay interval,
an output is issued. This path is intended to detect a breaker that opens mechanically but fails to interrupt fault current; the
logic therefore does not use a breaker auxiliary contact.
The timer 1 and 2 paths provide two levels of current supervision, high-set and low-set, that allow the supervision level to
change from a current which flows before a breaker inserts an opening resistor into the faulted circuit to a lower level after
resistor insertion. The high-set detector is enabled after timeout of timer 1 or 2, along with a timer that will enable the low-
set detector after its delay interval. The delay interval between high-set and low-set is the expected breaker opening time.
Both current detectors provide a fast operating time for currents at small multiples of the pickup value. The overcurrent
detectors are required to operate after the breaker failure delay interval to eliminate the need for very fast resetting overcur-
rent detectors. 5
Timer 3 logic (slow path) is supervised by a breaker auxiliary contact and a control switch contact used to indicate that the
breaker is in or out-of-service, disabling this path when the breaker is out-of-service for maintenance. There is no current
level check in this logic as it is intended to detect low magnitude faults and it is therefore the slowest to operate.
OUTPUT:
The outputs from the schemes are:
• FlexLogic™ operands that report on the operation of portions of the scheme
• FlexLogic™ operand used to re-trip the protected breaker
• FlexLogic™ operands that initiate tripping required to clear the faulted zone. The trip output can be sealed-in for an
adjustable period.
• Target message indicating a failed breaker has been declared
• Illumination of the faceplate Trip LED (and the Phase A, B or C LED, if applicable)
MAIN PATH SEQUENCE:
ACTUAL CURRENT MAGNITUDE

FAILED INTERRUPTION
0
AMP CALCULATED CURRENT MAGNITUDE
CORRECT INTERRUPTION
Rampdown
0
PROTECTION OPERATION BREAKER INTERRUPTING TIME
(ASSUMED 1.5 cycles) (ASSUMED 3 cycles)
MARGIN BACKUP BREAKER OPERATING TIME
(Assumed 2 Cycles) (Assumed 3 Cycles)
BREAKER FAILURE TIMER No. 2 (±1/8 cycle)

INITIATE (1/8 cycle)
BREAKER FAILURE CURRENT DETECTOR PICKUP (1/8 cycle)

BREAKER FAILURE OUTPUT RELAY PICKUP (1/4 cycle)
FAULT cycles
OCCURS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
827083A6.CDR
Figure 5–102: BREAKER FAILURE MAIN PATH SEQUENCE

The current supervision elements reset in less than 0.7 of a power cycle for any multiple of pickup current as shown below.
0.8
Margin
Maximum
Breaker failure reset time (cycles)

Average
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Mulitple of pickup fault current
threshold setting 836769A4.CDR
Figure 5–103: BREAKER FAILURE OVERCURRENT SUPERVISION RESET TIME

SETTINGS:
• BF1 MODE: This setting is used to select the breaker failure operating mode: single or three pole.
• BF1 USE AMP SUPV: If set to "Yes", the element will only be initiated if current flowing through the breaker is above
5 •
the supervision pickup level.
BF1 USE SEAL-IN: If set to "Yes", the element will only be sealed-in if current flowing through the breaker is above the
supervision pickup level.
• BF1 3-POLE INITIATE: This setting selects the FlexLogic™ operand that will initiate three-pole tripping of the breaker.
• BF1 PH AMP SUPV PICKUP: This setting is used to set the phase current initiation and seal-in supervision level.
Generally this setting should detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker. It can be set as low as
necessary (lower than breaker resistor current or lower than load current) – high-set and low-set current supervision
will guarantee correct operation.
• BF1 N AMP SUPV PICKUP: This setting is used to set the neutral current initiate and seal-in supervision level. Gener-
ally this setting should detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker. Neutral current supervision is
used only in the three phase scheme to provide increased sensitivity. This setting is valid only for three-pole tripping
schemes.
• BF1 USE TIMER 1: If set to "Yes", the early path is operational.
• BF1 TIMER 1 PICKUP DELAY: Timer 1 is set to the shortest time required for breaker auxiliary contact Status-1 to
open, from the time the initial trip signal is applied to the breaker trip circuit, plus a safety margin.
• BF1 USE TIMER 2: If set to "Yes", the main path is operational.
• BF1 TIMER 2 PICKUP DELAY: Timer 2 is set to the expected opening time of the breaker, plus a safety margin. This
safety margin was historically intended to allow for measuring and timing errors in the breaker failure scheme equip-
ment. In microprocessor relays this time is not significant. In L90 relays, which use a Fourier transform, the calculated
current magnitude will ramp-down to zero one power frequency cycle after the current is interrupted, and this lag
should be included in the overall margin duration, as it occurs after current interruption. The Breaker failure main path
sequence diagram below shows a margin of two cycles; this interval is considered the minimum appropriate for most
applications.
Note that in bulk oil circuit breakers, the interrupting time for currents less than 25% of the interrupting rating can be
significantly longer than the normal interrupting time.
• BF1 USE TIMER 3: If set to "Yes", the Slow Path is operational.
• BF1 TIMER 3 PICKUP DELAY: Timer 3 is set to the same interval as timer 2, plus an increased safety margin.
Because this path is intended to operate only for low level faults, the delay can be in the order of 300 to 500 ms.

• BF1 BKR POS1 φA/3P: This setting selects the FlexLogic™ operand that represents the protected breaker early-type
auxiliary switch contact (52/a). When using the single-pole breaker failure scheme, this operand represents the pro-
tected breaker early-type auxiliary switch contact on pole A. This is normally a non-multiplied form-A contact. The con-
tact may even be adjusted to have the shortest possible operating time.
• BF1 BKR POS2 φA/3P: This setting selects the FlexLogic™ operand that represents the breaker normal-type auxiliary
switch contact (52/a). When using the single-pole breaker failure scheme, this operand represents the protected
breaker auxiliary switch contact on pole A. This may be a multiplied contact.
• BF1 BREAKER TEST ON: This setting is used to select the FlexLogic™ operand that represents the breaker in-ser-
vice/out-of-service switch set to the out-of-service position.
• BF1 PH AMP HISET PICKUP: This setting sets the phase current output supervision level. Generally this setting
should detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker, before a breaker opening resistor is inserted.
• BF1 N AMP HISET PICKUP: This setting sets the neutral current output supervision level. Generally this setting
should detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker, before a breaker opening resistor is inserted.
Neutral current supervision is used only in the three pole scheme to provide increased sensitivity. This setting is valid
only for three-pole breaker failure schemes.
• BF1 PH AMP LOSET PICKUP: This setting sets the phase current output supervision level. Generally this setting
should detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker, after a breaker opening resistor is inserted
(approximately 90% of the resistor current).
• BF1 N AMP LOSET PICKUP: This setting sets the neutral current output supervision level. Generally this setting
should detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker, after a breaker opening resistor is inserted
(approximately 90% of the resistor current). This setting is valid only for three-pole breaker failure schemes.
• BF1 LOSET TIME DELAY: Sets the pickup delay for current detection after opening resistor insertion.
• BF1 TRIP DROPOUT DELAY: This setting is used to set the period of time for which the trip output is sealed-in. This
timer must be coordinated with the automatic reclosing scheme of the failed breaker, to which the breaker failure ele-
5
ment sends a cancel reclosure signal. Reclosure of a remote breaker can also be prevented by holding a transfer trip
signal on longer than the reclaim time.
• BF1 PH A INITIATE / BF1 PH B INITIATE / BF 1 PH C INITIATE: These settings select the FlexLogic™ operand to ini-
tiate phase A, B, or C single-pole tripping of the breaker and the phase A, B, or C portion of the scheme, accordingly.
This setting is only valid for single-pole breaker failure schemes.
• BF1 BKR POS1 φB / BF1 BKR POS 1 φC: These settings select the FlexLogic™ operand to represents the protected
breaker early-type auxiliary switch contact on poles B or C, accordingly. This contact is normally a non-multiplied Form-
A contact. The contact may even be adjusted to have the shortest possible operating time. This setting is valid only for
single-pole breaker failure schemes.
• BF1 BKR POS2 φB: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand that represents the protected breaker normal-type auxiliary
switch contact on pole B (52/a). This may be a multiplied contact. This setting is valid only for single-pole breaker fail-
ure schemes.
• BF1 BKR POS2 φC: This setting selects the FlexLogic™ operand that represents the protected breaker normal-type
auxiliary switch contact on pole C (52/a). This may be a multiplied contact. For single-pole operation, the scheme has
the same overall general concept except that it provides re-tripping of each single pole of the protected breaker. The
approach shown in the following single pole tripping diagram uses the initiating information to determine which pole is
supposed to trip. The logic is segregated on a per-pole basis. The overcurrent detectors have ganged settings. This
setting is valid only for single-pole breaker failure schemes.
Upon operation of the breaker failure element for a single pole trip command, a three-pole trip command should be
given via output operand BKR FAIL 1 TRIP OP.

In D60, L60, and L90 only

From Trip Output
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
TRIP PHASE C
TRIP PHASE B
TRIP 3-POLE
TRIP PHASE A
SETTING
BF1 FUNCTION:
Enable=1
Disable=0
SETTING AND
BF1 BLOCK :
Off=0
SETTING
BF1 PH A INITIATE:
OR
Off=0
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BKR FAIL 1 RETRIPA

SETTING OR
OR
BF1 3-POLE INITIATE : AND
Off=0 Initiated Ph A
5 SETTING
TO SHEET 2 OF 2
BF1 USE SEAL-IN:
YES=1
NO=0 AND
AND SEAL-IN PATH

SETTING OR
BF1 USE AMP SUPV:
YES=1
NO=0 OR
OR
TO SHEET 2 OF 2
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND (Initiated)
SETTING
OR
BF1 PH B INITIATE : OR BKR FAIL 1 RETRIPB
AND
Off=0 AND
SEAL-IN PATH
Initiated Ph B
TO SHEET 2 OF 2
OR
SETTING OR
BF1 PH C INITIATE : FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR
BKR FAIL 1 RETRIPC
Off=0
AND
SETTING AND
SETTING SEAL-IN PATH
BF1 PH AMP SUPV
BF1 SOURCE : PICKUP : Initiated Ph C
RUN TO SHEET 2 OF 2
IA IA PICKUP
RUN
IB IB PICKUP OR
RUN
IC IC PICKUP
} TO SHEET 2 OF 2
(827070.CDR)
827069A6.CDR
Figure 5–104: SINGLE-POLE BREAKER FAILURE, INITIATE (Sheet 1 of 2)

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR BKR FAIL 1 T1 OP
SETTINGS
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
GE Multilin
Breaker Pos 1 Phase A/3P
Off = 0 OR BKR FAIL 1 T2 OP
Use Timer 1 SETTING
5 SETTINGS
SETTING
No = 0 Timer 1 Pickup Delay AND Phase Current HiSet Pickup
Yes = 1 RUN
OR
AND IA Pickup
0
Initiated phase A
from single-pole breaker SETTING
failure logic sheet 1 SETTING
Timer 2 Pickup Delay LoSet Time Delay SETTING
Phase Current LoSet Pickup
SETTING
AND RUN
Use Timer 2
0 0
Yes = 1 IA Pickup
No = 0
SETTING
SETTINGS
Timer 1 Pickup Delay AND SETTING
Breaker Pos 1 Phase B
Phase Current HiSet Pickup
Off = 0
AND OR RUN
0
Initiated phase B IB Pickup
failure logic sheet 1 SETTING
SETTING Trip Dropout Delay
Timer 2 Pickup Delay
LoSet Time Delay SETTING 0 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Phase Current LoSet Pickup OR BKR FAIL 1 TRIP OP
AND
SETTINGS RUN
0
Breaker Pos 1 Phase B 0
IB Pickup
Off = 0
SETTING
SETTING
AND Phase Current HiSet Pickup
RUN
AND OR IC Pickup
0
Initiated phase C
failure logic sheet 1 SETTING LoSet Time Delay SETTING
Phase Current LoSet Pickup

RUN
AND 0
0 IC Pickup
IA
IB
IC
SETTINGS
Use Timer 3
Yes = 1
Breaker Pos 2 Phase A/3P
Figure 5–105: SINGLE-POLE BREAKER FAILURE, TIMERS (Sheet 2 of 2)

Off = 0 SETTING
Breaker Pos 2 Phase B Timer 3 Pickup Delay
Off = 0 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Breaker Pos 2 Phase C AND BKR FAIL 1 T3 OP
Off = 0 0
Breaker Test On
Off = 0
Initiated
from single-pole breaker failure logic sheet 1 827070A5.CDR
5-193
5
Figure 5–106: THREE-POLE BREAKER FAILURE, INITIATE (Sheet 1 of 2)

Figure 5–107: THREE-POLE BREAKER FAILURE, TIMERS (Sheet 2 of 2)

5.6.14 VOLTAGE ELEMENTS
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ VOLTAGE ELEMENTS
VOLTAGE ELEMENTS PHASE

See page 5–197.
UNDERVOLTAGE1
PHASE
UNDERVOLTAGE2
PHASE
OVERVOLTAGE1
NEUTRAL OV1

NEUTRAL OV2

NEUTRAL OV3

AUXILIARY UV1

AUXILIARY UV2

5 MESSAGE
AUXILIARY OV1

See page 5–201.
AUXILIARY OV2

These protection elements can be used for a variety of applications such as:
• Undervoltage Protection: For voltage sensitive loads, such as induction motors, a drop in voltage increases the
drawn current which may cause dangerous overheating in the motor. The undervoltage protection feature can be used
to either cause a trip or generate an alarm when the voltage drops below a specified voltage setting for a specified time
delay.
• Permissive Functions: The undervoltage feature may be used to block the functioning of external devices by operat-
ing an output relay when the voltage falls below the specified voltage setting. The undervoltage feature may also be
used to block the functioning of other elements through the block feature of those elements.
• Source Transfer Schemes: In the event of an undervoltage, a transfer signal may be generated to transfer a load
from its normal source to a standby or emergency power source.
The undervoltage elements can be programmed to have a definite time delay characteristic. The definite time curve oper-
ates when the voltage drops below the pickup level for a specified period of time. The time delay is adjustable from 0 to
600.00 seconds in steps of 0.01. The undervoltage elements can also be programmed to have an inverse time delay char-
acteristic.
The undervoltage delay setting defines the family of curves shown below.
D
T = ---------------------------------
- (EQ 5.25)
⎛ 1 – ------------------
V ⎞
⎝ V pickup⎠
where: T = operating time

D = undervoltage delay setting (D = 0.00 operates instantaneously)
V = secondary voltage applied to the relay
Vpickup = pickup level

Time (seconds)
% of voltage pickup
842788A1.CDR
Figure 5–108: INVERSE TIME UNDERVOLTAGE CURVES

At 0% of pickup, the operating time equals the UNDERVOLTAGE DELAY setting.
NOTE
b) PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE (ANSI 27P)
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ VOLTAGE ELEMENTS Ö PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE1(3)
PHASE PHASE UV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled 5

UNDERVOLTAGE1 FUNCTION: Disabled
PHASE UV1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
PHASE UV1 MODE: Range: Phase to Ground, Phase to Phase
MESSAGE
Phase to Ground
PHASE UV1 Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
PHASE UV1 Range: Definite Time, Inverse Time
MESSAGE
CURVE: Definite Time
PHASE UV1 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.00 s
PHASE UV1 MINIMUM Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
VOLTAGE: 0.100 pu
PHASE UV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE UV1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
PHASE UV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
This element may be used to give a desired time-delay operating characteristic versus the applied fundamental voltage
(phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase for wye VT connection, or phase-to-phase for delta VT connection) or as a definite
time element. The element resets instantaneously if the applied voltage exceeds the dropout voltage. The delay setting
selects the minimum operating time of the phase undervoltage. The minimum voltage setting selects the operating voltage
below which the element is blocked (a setting of “0” will allow a dead source to be considered a fault condition).

SETTING SETTING
PHASE UV1 PHASE UV1
FUNCTION: PICKUP:
Disabled = 0 PHASE UV1
Enabled = 1 CURVE:
PHASE UV1
SETTING DELAY: FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND
PHASE UV1 AND RUN VAG or VAB < PICKUP PHASE UV1 A PKP
BLOCK: t PHASE UV1 A DPO
Off = 0 PHASE UV1 A OP
V
SETTING
SETTING AND RUN VBG or VBC< PICKUP PHASE UV1 B PKP
}
PHASE UV1
t PHASE UV1 B DPO
PHASE UV1 SOURCE: MINIMUM VOLTAGE:
PHASE UV1 B OP
VAG or VAB < Minimum
Source VT = Delta V
VBG or VBC < Minimum
VAB AND RUN VCG or VCA < PICKUP PHASE UV1 C PKP
VCG or VCA < Minimum
VBC t PHASE UV1 C DPO
VCA PHASE UV1 C OP
Source VT = Wye V
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING OR PHASE UV1 PKP
PHASE UV1 MODE:
Phase to Ground Phase to Phase FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

VAG VAB OR PHASE UV1 OP
VBG VBC
VCG VCA
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND PHASE UV1 DPO
827039AB.CDR
Figure 5–109: PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE1 SCHEME LOGIC
c) PHASE OVERVOLTAGE (ANSI 59P)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ VOLTAGE ELEMENTS ÖØ PHASE OVERVOLTAGE1
5 PHASE PHASE OV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
OVERVOLTAGE1 FUNCTION: Disabled
PHASE OV1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
PHASE OV1 Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 1.000 pu
PHASE OV1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.00 s
PHASE OV1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.00 s
PHASE OV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ Operand
MESSAGE
Off
PHASE OV1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
PHASE OV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The phase overvoltage element may be used as an instantaneous element with no intentional time delay or as a definite
time element. The input voltage is the phase-to-phase voltage, either measured directly from delta-connected VTs or as cal-
culated from phase-to-ground (wye) connected VTs. The specific voltages to be used for each phase are shown below.

SETTINGS
SETTING
PHASE OV1 PICKUP
PHASE OV1 SETTING DELAY:
FUNCTION: FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
PHASE OV1 PHASE OV1 RESET
Disabled = 0 PICKUP: DELAY: PHASE OV1 A PKP
Enabled = 1 PHASE OV1 A DPO
RUN tPKP
VAB ≥ PICKUP PHASE OV1 A OP
tRST
PHASE OV1 B PKP
SETTING
AND RUN tPKP PHASE OV1 B DPO
PHASE OV1 VBC ≥ PICKUP
BLOCK: PHASE OV1 B OP
tRST
RUN PHASE OV1 C PKP
Off = 0
VCA ≥ PICKUP tPKP PHASE OV1 C DPO
PHASE OV1 C OP
tRST
SETTING
PHASE OV1
SOURCE: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Source VT = Delta OR PHASE OV1 OP
VAB
VBC
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
VCA
AND PHASE OV1 DPO
Source VT = Wye
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR PHASE OV1 PKP
827066A7.CDR
Figure 5–110: PHASE OVERVOLTAGE SCHEME LOGIC

If the source VT is wye-connected, then the phase overvoltage pickup condition is V > 3 × Pickup for VAB, VBC,
and VCA.
NOTE
d) NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE (ANSI 59N)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ VOLTAGE ELEMENTS ÖØ NEUTRAL OV1(3)
NEUTRAL OV1 NEUTRAL OV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled 5

FUNCTION: Disabled
NEUTRAL OV1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
NEUTRAL OV1 PICKUP: Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.300 pu
NEUTRAL OV1 CURVE: Range: Definite time, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B,
MESSAGE FlexCurve C
Definite time
NEUTRAL OV1 PICKUP: Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.00 s
NEUTRAL OV1 RESET: Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.00 s
NEUTRAL OV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
NEUTRAL OV1 TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
NEUTRAL OV1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
There are three neutral overvoltage elements available. The neutral overvoltage element can be used to detect asymmetri-
cal system voltage condition due to a ground fault or to the loss of one or two phases of the source. The element responds
to the system neutral voltage (3V_0), calculated from the phase voltages. The nominal secondary voltage of the phase volt-
age channels entered under SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ÖØ VOLTAGE BANK Ö PHASE VT SECONDARY is the
p.u. base used when setting the pickup level.
The neutral overvoltage element can provide a time-delayed operating characteristic versus the applied voltage (initialized
from FlexCurves A, B, or C) or be used as a definite time element. The NEUTRAL OV1 PICKUP DELAY setting applies only if
the NEUTRAL OV1 CURVE setting is “Definite time”. The source assigned to this element must be configured for a phase VT.

VT errors and normal voltage unbalance must be considered when setting this element. This function requires the VTs to
be wye-connected.
Figure 5–111: NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE1 SCHEME LOGIC
e) AUXILIARY UNDERVOLTAGE (ANSI 27X)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ VOLTAGE ELEMENTS ÖØ AUXILIARY UV1(2)
AUXILIARY UV1 AUX UV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
AUX UV1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
5 SOURCE: SRC 1
AUX UV1 PICKUP: Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.700 pu
AUX UV1 CURVE: Range: Definite Time, Inverse Time
MESSAGE
Definite Time
AUX UV1 DELAY: Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
1.00 s
AUX UV1 MINIMUM: Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
VOLTAGE: 0.100 pu
AUX UV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AUX UV1 TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
AUX UV1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The L90 contains one auxiliary undervoltage element for each VT bank. This element is intended for monitoring undervolt-
age conditions of the auxiliary voltage. The AUX UV1 PICKUP selects the voltage level at which the time undervoltage ele-
ment starts timing. The nominal secondary voltage of the auxiliary voltage channel entered under SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM
SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ÖØ VOLTAGE BANK X5 ÖØ AUXILIARY VT X5 SECONDARY is the per-unit base used when setting the
pickup level.
The AUX UV1 DELAY setting selects the minimum operating time of the auxiliary undervoltage element. Both AUX UV1 PICKUP
and AUX UV1 DELAY settings establish the operating curve of the undervoltage element. The auxiliary undervoltage element
can be programmed to use either definite time delay or inverse time delay characteristics. The operating characteristics
and equations for both definite and inverse time delay are as for the phase undervoltage element.

The element resets instantaneously. The minimum voltage setting selects the operating voltage below which the element is
blocked.
SETTING
AUX UV1
FUNCTION: SETTING
Disabled=0
AUX UV1 PICKUP:
Enabled=1
AUX UV1 CURVE:

SETTING
AUX UV1 BLOCK: AUX UV1 DELAY:

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Off=0 AND RUN Vx < Pickup AUX UV1 PKP
AUX UV1 DPO
SETTING
SETTING t AUX UV1 OP
AUX UV1 MINIMUM
AUX UV1 SIGNAL VOLTAGE:
SOURCE:
AUX VOLT Vx Vx < Minimum
V
827849A2.CDR
Figure 5–112: AUXILIARY UNDERVOLTAGE SCHEME LOGIC
f) AUXILIARY OVERVOLTAGE (ANSI 59X)X

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ VOLTAGE ELEMENTS ÖØ AUXILIARY OV1(2)
AUXILIARY OV1 AUX OV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
AUX OV1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
AUX OV1 PICKUP: Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001
5
MESSAGE
0.300 pu
AUX OV1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.00 s
AUX OV1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.00 s
AUX OV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AUX OV1 TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
AUX OV1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The L90 contains one auxiliary overvoltage element for each VT bank. This element is intended for monitoring overvoltage
conditions of the auxiliary voltage. The nominal secondary voltage of the auxiliary voltage channel entered under SYSTEM
SETUP Ö AC INPUTS ØÖ VOLTAGE BANK X5 ØÖ AUXILIARY VT X5 SECONDARY is the per-unit (pu) base used when setting the
pickup level.
A typical application for this element is monitoring the zero-sequence voltage (3V_0) supplied from an open-corner-delta
VT connection.

SETTING
AUX OV1
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
SETTING
Enabled=1
AUX OV1 PICKUP: SETTING
SETTING
AND RUN AUX OV1 PICKUP
DELAY :
AUX OV1 BLOCK:
AUX OV1 RESET
Off=0 DELAY :
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Vx < Pickup tPKP
SETTING tRST AUX OV1 OP
AUX OV1 DPO
AUX OV1 SIGNAL
SOURCE: AUX OV1 PKP
AUXILIARY VOLT (Vx)
827836A2.CDR
Figure 5–113: AUXILIARY OVERVOLTAGE SCHEME LOGIC

5.6.15 SUPERVISING ELEMENTS
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ø GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ SUPERVISING ELEMENTS
SUPERVISING DISTURBANCE
See page 5-203.
ELEMENTS DETECTOR
87L TRIP

b) DISTURBANCE DETECTOR
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ SUPERVISING ELEMENTS Ö DISTURBANCE DETECTOR
DISTURBANCE DD Range: Disabled, Enabled

DETECTOR FUNCTION: Disabled
DD NON-CURRENT SUPV: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
DD CONTROL LOGIC: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
DD LOGIC SEAL-IN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
DD Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
5
The disturbance detector (50DD) element is an 87L-dedicated sensitive current disturbance detector that is used to detect
any disturbance on the protected system. This detector is intended for such functions as trip output supervision and starting
oscillography The disturbance detector also signals the 87L function that a disturbance (possible fault) occurred and to
resize the operating window to remove the pre-fault current. It is essential to have the disturbance detector enabled for
applications where the 87L operating time is critical.
If the disturbance detector is used to supervise the operation of the 87L function, it is recommended that the 87L trip ele-
ment be used. The 50DD SV disturbance detector FlexLogic™ operand must then be assigned to an 87L TRIP SUPV setting.
The disturbance detector function measures the magnitude of the negative-sequence current (I_2), the magnitude of the
zero-sequence current (I_0), the change in negative-sequence current (ΔI_2), the change in zero-sequence current (ΔI_0),
and the change in positive-sequence current (ΔI_1). The disturbance detector element uses net local current, computed as
a sum of all sources configured in the current differential element, to detect system disturbances.
The adaptive level detector operates as follows:
• When the absolute level increases above 0.12 pu for I_0 or I_2, the adaptive level detector output is active and the
next highest threshold level is increased 8 cycles later from 0.12 to 0.24 pu in steps of 0.02 pu. If the level exceeds
0.24 pu, the current adaptive level detector setting remains at 0.24 pu and the output remains active (as well as the
disturbance detector output) when the measured value remains above the current setting.
• When the absolute level is decreasing from in range from 0.24 to 0.12 pu, the lower level is set every 8 cycles without
the adaptive level detector active. Note that the 50DD output remains inactive during this change as long as the delta
change is less than 0.04 pu.
The delta level detectors (ΔI) detectors are designed to pickup for the 0.04 pu change in I_1, I_2, and I_0 currents. The ΔI
value is measured by comparing the present value to the value calculated 4 cycles earlier.
• DD FUNCTION: This setting is used to enable/disable the operation of the disturbance detector.
• DD NON-CURRENT SUPV: This setting is used to select a FlexLogic™ operand which will activate the output of the
disturbance detector upon events (such as frequency or voltage change) not accompanied by a current change.
• DD CONTROL LOGIC: This setting is used to prevent operation of I_0 and I_2 logic of disturbance detector during
conditions such as single breaker pole being open which leads to unbalanced load current in single-pole tripping
schemes. Breaker auxiliary contact can be used for such scheme.

• DD LOGIC SEAL-IN: This setting is used to maintain disturbance detector output for such conditions as balanced
three-phase fault, low level time overcurrent fault, etc. whenever the disturbance detector might reset. Output of the
disturbance detector will be maintained until the chosen FlexLogic™ operand resets.
The user may disable the DD EVENTS setting as the disturbance detector element will respond to any current distur-
bance on the system which may result in filling the events buffer and possible loss of valuable data.
NOTE
SETTING
DD FUNCTION:
Enabled=1
Disabled=0
LOGIC
ACTUAL DELTA LEVEL
COMPUTE SEQ. DETECTOR
CURRENTS RUN
ABS (I_1-I_1')>0.04 pu
I_1
(I_1' is 4 cycles old)
ABS (I_2-I_2')>0.04 pu
I_2 OR
ABS (I_0-I_0')>0.04 pu
I_0
LOGIC
SETTING
ADAPTIVE LEVEL
DD CONTROL DETECTOR
LOGIC:
AND RUN
5 Off=0
I_0 > 0.12 to 0.24 pu
OR
OR
I_2 > 0.12 to 0.24 pu
NOTE:
ADJUSTMENTS ARE
MADE ONCE EVERY
8 CYCLES TO THE
NEXT LEVEL (HIGHER
OR LOWER) IN 0.02 pu
SETTING STEPS USING THE FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
HIGHEST VALUE OF OR 50DD SV
DD LOGIC
I_0 AND I_2.
SEAL-IN:
Off=0
AND
SETTING
DD NON-CURRENT
SUPV:
AND
Off=0
827044A6.CDR
Figure 5–114: DISTURBANCE DETECTOR SCHEME LOGIC

c) 87L TRIP
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ SUPERVISING ELEMENTS ÖØ 87L TRIP
87L TRIP 87L TRIP FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

Disabled
87L TRIP SOURCE: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC 1
87L TRIP MODE: Range: 3-Pole, 1-Pole
MESSAGE
3-Pole
87L TRIP SUPV: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
87L TRIP FORCE 3-Φ: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
87L TRIP SEAL-IN: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
87L TRIP SEAL-IN Range: 0.20 to 0.80 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PICKUP: 0.20 pu
87L TRIP TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
87L TRIP EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
5
The 87L trip element must be used to secure the generation of tripping outputs. It is especially recommended for use in all
single-pole tripping applications. It provides the user with the capability of maintaining the trip signal while the fault current
is still flowing, to choose single-pole or three-pole tripping, to employ the received direct transfer trip (DTT) signals, and to
assign supervising trip elements like the disturbance detector. The logic is used to ensure that the relay will:
• Trip the faulted phase for a single line to ground fault, as detected by the line differential element.
• Trip all three phases for any internal multiphase fault.
• Trip all three phases for a second single line to ground fault during or following a single pole trip cycle.
For maximum security, it is recommended the disturbance detector (plus other elements if required) be assigned to see a
change in system status before a trip output is permitted. This ensures the relay will not issue a trip signal as a result of
incorrect settings, incorrect manipulations with a relay, or inter-relay communications problems (for example, extremely
noisy channels). The open pole detector provides forcing of three-pole tripping for sequential faults and close-onto-fault if
desired. The open pole detector feature must be employed and adequately programmed for proper operation of this fea-
ture. The 87L TRIP 1P OP and 87L TRIP 3P OP operands are provided to initiate single-pole or three-pole autoreclosing.
If a direct transfer trip (DTT) is not required for the 87L trip scheme to operate, it should be disabled at the remote
relay via the GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS ÖØ CURRENT DIFFEREN-
NOTE
TIAL settings menu.
• 87L TRIP FUNCTION: This setting is used to enable or disable the element.
• 87L TRIP SOURCE: This setting is used to assign a source for seal-in function.
• 87L TRIP MODE: This setting is used to select either three-pole or single-pole mode of operation.
• 87L TRIP SUPV: This setting is used to assign a trip supervising element. The 50DD SV FlexLogic™ operand is recom-
mended (the element has to be enabled); otherwise, elements like instantaneous overcurrent, distance, etc. can be
used.
• 87L TRIP FORCE 3-Φ: This setting is used to select an element forcing three-pole tripping if any type fault occurs
when this element is active. Autoreclosure disabled can be utilized, or the autoreclosure counter if, for example, the
second trip is required to be a three-pole signal. Likewise, any operand representing a change in the power system
configuration, can be applied.

• 87L TRIP SEAL-IN: This setting is used to enable/disable seal-in of the trip signal by measurement of the current flow-
ing.
• 87L TRIP SEAL-IN PICKUP: This setting is used to select a pickup setting of the current seal-in function.
SETTING
87L TRIP FUNCTION
= Disabled
= Enabled
SETTING SETTING
87L TRIP SOURCE 87L TRIP SEAL-IN PICKUP
= Ia Ia > PICKUP
= Ib Ib > PICKUP
= Ic Ic > PICKUP
SETTING
87L TRIP SEAL-IN
= Enabled
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR 87L TRIP OP A
87L DIFF OP A
AND
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
87L RECVD DTT A
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR 87L TRIP OP B
87L DIFF OP B
AND
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
87L RECVD DTT B
5 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
87L DIFF OP C
AND
AND
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
87L TRIP OP C
OR FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR 87L TRIP OP
87L RECVD DTT C
OR
SETTING XOR FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

87L TRIP MODE AND 87L TRIP 1P OP
= 1-Pole
= 3-Pole
AND
SETTING AND
87L TRIP SUPV

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= 50DD SV 0
AND OR OR 87L TRIP 3P OP
50
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS OR
AND
OPEN POLE OP ΦA
OPEN POLE OP ΦB
OPEN POLE OP ΦC AND OR
OPEN POLE OP
AND
AND
SETTING OR
87L TRIP FORCE 3-Φ
= Off 831020A5.CDR
Figure 5–115: 87L TRIP SCHEME LOGIC

5 SETTINGS 5.7 CONTROL ELEMENTS
5.7CONTROL ELEMENTS 5.7.1 OVERVIEW
Control elements are generally used for control rather than protection. See the Introduction to Elements section at the
beginning of this chapter for further information.
5.7.2 TRIP BUS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ TRIP BUS ÖØ TRIP BUS 1(6)
TRIP BUS 1 TRIP BUS 1 Range: Enabled, Disabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
TRIP BUS 1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
TRIP BUS 1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
TRIP BUS 1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.00 s
TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
↓
TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 16: Range: FlexLogic™ operand 5

MESSAGE
Off
TRIP BUS 1 Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
LATCHING: Disabled
TRIP BUS 1 RESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
TRIP BUS 1 TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
TRIP BUS 1 Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The trip bus element allows aggregating outputs of protection and control elements without using FlexLogic™ and assign-
ing them a simple and effective manner. Each trip bus can be assigned for either trip or alarm actions. Simple trip condition-
ing such as latch, delay, and seal-in delay are available.
The easiest way to assign element outputs to a trip bus is through the EnerVista UR Setup software A protection summary
is displayed by navigating to a specific protection or control protection element and checking the desired bus box. Once the
desired element is selected for a specific bus, a list of element operate-type operands are displayed and can be assigned
to a trip bus. If more than one operate-type operand is required, it may be assigned directly from the trip bus menu.

5.7 CONTROL ELEMENTS 5 SETTINGS
Figure 5–116: TRIP BUS FIELDS IN THE PROTECTION SUMMARY

The following settings are available.
• TRIP BUS 1 BLOCK: The trip bus output is blocked when the operand assigned to this setting is asserted.
• TRIP BUS 1 PICKUP DELAY: This setting specifies a time delay to produce an output depending on how output is
used.
5 • TRIP BUS 1 RESET DELAY: This setting specifies a time delay to reset an output command. The time delay should be
set long enough to allow the breaker or contactor to perform a required action.
• TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 1 to TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 16: These settings select a FlexLogic™ operand to be assigned as an
input to the trip bus.
• TRIP BUS 1 LATCHING: This setting enables or disables latching of the trip bus output. This is typically used when
lockout is required or user acknowledgement of the relay response is required.
• TRIP BUS 1 RESET: The trip bus output is reset when the operand assigned to this setting is asserted. Note that the
RESET OP operand is pre-wired to the reset gate of the latch, As such, a reset command the front panel interface or via
communications will reset the trip bus output.
SETTINGS
TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 1
SETTINGS
= Off
TRIP BUS 1 PICKUP
TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 2
DELAY
= Off Non-volatile,
TRIP BUS 1 RESET
OR set-dominant
***
DELAY
AND S TPKP FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TRIP BUS 1 INPUT 16 TRIP BUS 1 OP
Latch
= Off TRST
R
SETTINGS
TRIP BUS 1 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FUNCTION
TRIP BUS 1 PKP
= Enabled
TRIP BUS 1 BLOCK AND
= Off
SETTINGS
TRIP BUS 1
LATCHING
= Enabled
TRIP BUS 1 RESET
= Off
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
RESET OP 842023A1.CDR
Figure 5–117: TRIP BUS LOGIC

5.7.3 SETTING GROUPS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS Ö SETTINGS GROUPS
SETTING GROUPS SETTING GROUPS Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
SETTING GROUPS BLK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
GROUP 2 ACTIVATE ON: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓
MESSAGE
Off
GROUP 1 NAME: Range: up to 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
GROUP 2 NAME: Range: up to 16 alphanumeric characters

MESSAGE
↓
Range: up to 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
GROUP 6 NAME:
5
SETTING GROUP Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The setting groups menu controls the activation and deactivation of up to six possible groups of settings in the GROUPED
ELEMENTS settings menu. The faceplate Settings In Use LEDs indicate which active group (with a non-flashing energized
LED) is in service.
The SETTING GROUPS BLK setting prevents the active setting group from changing when the FlexLogic™ parameter is set to
"On". This can be useful in applications where it is undesirable to change the settings under certain conditions, such as the
breaker being open.
The GROUP 2 ACTIVATE ON to GROUP 6 ACTIVATE ON settings select a FlexLogic™ operand which, when set, will make the
particular setting group active for use by any grouped element. A priority scheme ensures that only one group is active at a
given time – the highest-numbered group which is activated by its ACTIVATE ON parameter takes priority over the lower-
numbered groups. There is no activate on setting for group 1 (the default active group), because group 1 automatically
becomes active if no other group is active.
The SETTING GROUP 1 NAME to SETTING GROUP 6 NAME settings allows to user to assign a name to each of the six settings
groups. Once programmed, this name will appear on the second line of the GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6)
menu display.
The relay can be set up via a FlexLogic™ equation to receive requests to activate or de-activate a particular non-default
settings group. The following FlexLogic™ equation (see the figure below) illustrates requests via remote communications
(for example, VIRTUAL INPUT 1 ON) or from a local contact input (for example, CONTACT IP 1 ON) to initiate the use of a par-
ticular settings group, and requests from several overcurrent pickup measuring elements to inhibit the use of the particular
settings group. The assigned VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 operand is used to control the “On” state of a particular settings group.

1 VIRT IP 1 ON (VI1)
OR (2)
2 CONT IP 1 ON (H5A)
3 OR (2)
AND (3) = VIRT OP 1 (VO1)
4 PHASE TOC1 PKP
5 NOT
6 PHASE TOC2 PKP
7 NOT
8 AND (3)
9 = VIRT OP 1 (VO1)
10 END
842789A1.CDR
Figure 5–118: EXAMPLE FLEXLOGIC™ CONTROL OF A SETTINGS GROUP
5.7.4 SELECTOR SWITCH
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ SELECTOR SWITCH Ö SELECTOR SWITCH 1(2)
SELECTOR SWITCH 1 SELECTOR 1 FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

Disabled
SELECTOR 1 FULL Range: 1 to 7 in steps of 1
5 MESSAGE
RANGE: 7
SELECTOR 1 TIME-OUT: Range: 3.0 to 60.0 s in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
5.0 s
SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP Range: Time-out, Acknowledge
MESSAGE
MODE: Time-out
SELECTOR 1 ACK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SELECTOR 1 3BIT A0: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
SELECTOR 1 3BIT Range: Time-out, Acknowledge
MESSAGE
MODE: Time-out
SELECTOR 1 3BIT ACK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SELECTOR 1 POWER-UP Range: Restore, Synchronize, Sync/Restore
MESSAGE
MODE: Restore
SELECTOR 1 TARGETS: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
SELECTOR 1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled

The selector switch element is intended to replace a mechanical selector switch. Typical applications include setting group
control or control of multiple logic sub-circuits in user-programmable logic.
The element provides for two control inputs. The step-up control allows stepping through selector position one step at a
time with each pulse of the control input, such as a user-programmable pushbutton. The three-bit control input allows set-
ting the selector to the position defined by a three-bit word.
The element allows pre-selecting a new position without applying it. The pre-selected position gets applied either after time-
out or upon acknowledgement via separate inputs (user setting). The selector position is stored in non-volatile memory.
Upon power-up, either the previous position is restored or the relay synchronizes to the current three-bit word (user set-
ting). Basic alarm functionality alerts the user under abnormal conditions; for example, the three-bit control input being out
of range.
• SELECTOR 1 FULL RANGE: This setting defines the upper position of the selector. When stepping up through avail-
able positions of the selector, the upper position wraps up to the lower position (position 1). When using a direct three-
bit control word for programming the selector to a desired position, the change would take place only if the control word
is within the range of 1 to the SELECTOR FULL RANGE. If the control word is outside the range, an alarm is established
by setting the SELECTOR ALARM FlexLogic™ operand for 3 seconds.
• SELECTOR 1 TIME-OUT: This setting defines the time-out period for the selector. This value is used by the relay in
the following two ways. When the SELECTOR STEP-UP MODE is “Time-out”, the setting specifies the required period of
inactivity of the control input after which the pre-selected position is automatically applied. When the SELECTOR STEP-
UP MODE is “Acknowledge”, the setting specifies the period of time for the acknowledging input to appear. The timer is
re-started by any activity of the control input. The acknowledging input must come before the SELECTOR 1 TIME-OUT
timer expires; otherwise, the change will not take place and an alarm will be set.
• SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP: This setting specifies a control input for the selector switch. The switch is shifted to a new
position at each rising edge of this signal. The position changes incrementally, wrapping up from the last (SELECTOR 1
FULL RANGE) to the first (position 1). Consecutive pulses of this control operand must not occur faster than every
50 ms. After each rising edge of the assigned operand, the time-out timer is restarted and the SELECTOR SWITCH 1: 5
POS Z CHNG INITIATED target message is displayed, where Z the pre-selected position. The message is displayed for
the time specified by the FLASH MESSAGE TIME setting. The pre-selected position is applied after the selector times out
(“Time-out” mode), or when the acknowledging signal appears before the element times out (“Acknowledge” mode).
When the new position is applied, the relay displays the SELECTOR SWITCH 1: POSITION Z IN USE message. Typically,
a user-programmable pushbutton is configured as the stepping up control input.
• SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP MODE: This setting defines the selector mode of operation. When set to “Time-out”, the
selector will change its position after a pre-defined period of inactivity at the control input. The change is automatic and
does not require any explicit confirmation of the intent to change the selector's position. When set to “Acknowledge”,
the selector will change its position only after the intent is confirmed through a separate acknowledging signal. If the
acknowledging signal does not appear within a pre-defined period of time, the selector does not accept the change
and an alarm is established by setting the SELECTOR STP ALARM output FlexLogic™ operand for 3 seconds.
• SELECTOR 1 ACK: This setting specifies an acknowledging input for the stepping up control input. The pre-selected
position is applied on the rising edge of the assigned operand. This setting is active only under “Acknowledge” mode of
operation. The acknowledging signal must appear within the time defined by the SELECTOR 1 TIME-OUT setting after the
last activity of the control input. A user-programmable pushbutton is typically configured as the acknowledging input.
• SELECTOR 1 3BIT A0, A1, and A2: These settings specify a three-bit control input of the selector. The three-bit con-
trol word pre-selects the position using the following encoding convention:
A2 A1 A0 POSITION
0 0 0 rest
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 2
0 1 1 3
1 0 0 4
1 0 1 5
1 1 0 6
1 1 1 7

The “rest” position (0, 0, 0) does not generate an action and is intended for situations when the device generating the
three-bit control word is having a problem. When SELECTOR 1 3BIT MODE is “Time-out”, the pre-selected position is
applied in SELECTOR 1 TIME-OUT seconds after the last activity of the three-bit input. When SELECTOR 1 3BIT MODE is
“Acknowledge”, the pre-selected position is applied on the rising edge of the SELECTOR 1 3BIT ACK acknowledging
input.
The stepping up control input (SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP) and the three-bit control inputs (SELECTOR 1 3BIT A0 through A2)
lock-out mutually: once the stepping up sequence is initiated, the three-bit control input is inactive; once the three-bit
control sequence is initiated, the stepping up input is inactive.
• SELECTOR 1 3BIT MODE: This setting defines the selector mode of operation. When set to “Time-out”, the selector
changes its position after a pre-defined period of inactivity at the control input. The change is automatic and does not
require explicit confirmation to change the selector position. When set to “Acknowledge”, the selector changes its posi-
tion only after confirmation via a separate acknowledging signal. If the acknowledging signal does not appear within a
pre-defined period of time, the selector rejects the change and an alarm established by invoking the SELECTOR BIT
ALARM FlexLogic™ operand for 3 seconds.
• SELECTOR 1 3BIT ACK: This setting specifies an acknowledging input for the three-bit control input. The pre-
selected position is applied on the rising edge of the assigned FlexLogic™ operand. This setting is active only under
the “Acknowledge” mode of operation. The acknowledging signal must appear within the time defined by the SELEC-
TOR TIME-OUT setting after the last activity of the three-bit control inputs. Note that the stepping up control input and
three-bit control input have independent acknowledging signals (SELECTOR 1 ACK and SELECTOR 1 3BIT ACK, accord-
ingly).
• SELECTOR 1 POWER-UP MODE: This setting specifies the element behavior on power up of the relay.
When set to “Restore”, the last position of the selector (stored in the non-volatile memory) is restored after powering up
the relay. If the position restored from memory is out of range, position 0 (no output operand selected) is applied and
5 an alarm is set (SELECTOR 1 PWR ALARM).

When set to “Synchronize” selector switch acts as follows. For two power cycles, the selector applies position 0 to the
switch and activates SELECTOR 1 PWR ALARM. After two power cycles expire, the selector synchronizes to the position
dictated by the three-bit control input. This operation does not wait for time-out or the acknowledging input. When the
synchronization attempt is unsuccessful (that is, the three-bit input is not available (0,0,0) or out of range) then the
selector switch output is set to position 0 (no output operand selected) and an alarm is established (SELECTOR 1 PWR
ALARM).
The operation of “Synch/Restore” mode is similar to the “Synchronize” mode. The only difference is that after an
unsuccessful synchronization attempt, the switch will attempt to restore the position stored in the relay memory. The
“Synch/Restore” mode is useful for applications where the selector switch is employed to change the setting group in
redundant (two relay) protection schemes.
• SELECTOR 1 EVENTS: If enabled, the following events are logged:
EVENT NAME DESCRIPTION

SELECTOR 1 POS Z Selector 1 changed its position to Z.
SELECTOR 1 STP ALARM The selector position pre-selected via the stepping up control input has not been
confirmed before the time out.
SELECTOR 1 BIT ALARM The selector position pre-selected via the three-bit control input has not been confirmed
before the time out.

The following figures illustrate the operation of the selector switch. In these diagrams, “T” represents a time-out setting.
pre-existing changed to 4 with changed to 1 with changed to 2 with a changed to 7 with

position 2 a pushbutton a 3-bit input pushbutton a 3-bit input
STEP-UP
T T
3BIT A0
3BIT A1
3BIT A2
T T
POS 1
POS 2
POS 3
POS 4
POS 5
POS 6 5
POS 7
BIT 0
BIT 1
BIT 2
STP ALARM
BIT ALARM
ALARM
842737A1.CDR
Figure 5–119: TIME-OUT MODE

pre-existing changed to 4 with changed to 1 with changed to 2 with

position 2 a pushbutton a 3-bit input a pushbutton
STEP-UP
ACK
3BIT A0
3BIT A1
3BIT A2
3BIT ACK
POS 1
POS 2
POS 3
POS 4
POS 5
POS 6
5 POS 7
BIT 0
BIT 1
BIT 2
STP ALARM
BIT ALARM
ALARM
842736A1.CDR
Figure 5–120: ACKNOWLEDGE MODE

APPLICATION EXAMPLE
Consider an application where the selector switch is used to control setting groups 1 through 4 in the relay. The setting
groups are to be controlled from both user-programmable pushbutton 1 and from an external device via contact inputs 1
through 3. The active setting group shall be available as an encoded three-bit word to the external device and SCADA via
output contacts 1 through 3. The pre-selected setting group shall be applied automatically after 5 seconds of inactivity of
the control inputs. When the relay powers up, it should synchronize the setting group to the three-bit control input.
Make the following changes to setting group control in the SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUPS menu:
SETTING GROUPS FUNCTION: “Enabled” GROUP 4 ACTIVATE ON: “SELECTOR 1 POS 4"
SETTING GROUPS BLK: “Off” GROUP 5 ACTIVATE ON: “Off”
GROUP 2 ACTIVATE ON: “SELECTOR 1 POS 2" GROUP 6 ACTIVATE ON: “Off”
GROUP 3 ACTIVATE ON: “SELECTOR 1 POS 3"
Make the following changes to selector switch element in the SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ SELECTOR SWITCH Ö
SELECTOR SWITCH 1 menu to assign control to user programmable pushbutton 1 and contact inputs 1 through 3:

SELECTOR 1 FUNCTION: “Enabled” SELECTOR 1 3BIT A0: “CONT IP 1 ON”

SELECTOR 1 FULL-RANGE: “4” SELECTOR 1 3BIT A1: “CONT IP 2 ON”
SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP MODE: “Time-out” SELECTOR 1 3BIT A2: “CONT IP 3 ON”
SELECTOR 1 TIME-OUT: “5.0 s” SELECTOR 1 3BIT MODE: “Time-out”
SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP: “PUSHBUTTON 1 ON” SELECTOR 1 3BIT ACK: “Off”
SELECTOR 1 ACK: “Off” SELECTOR 1 POWER-UP MODE: “Synchronize”
Now, assign the contact output operation (assume the H6E module) to the selector switch element by making the following
changes in the SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS menu:
OUTPUT H1 OPERATE: “SELECTOR 1 BIT 0"
Finally, assign configure user-programmable pushbutton 1 by making the following changes in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT
SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS Ö USER PUSHBUTTON 1 menu:

PUSHBUTTON 1 DROP-OUT TIME: “0.10 s”
The logic for the selector switch is shown below:
SETTINGS
SELECTOR 1 FULL RANGE:
SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP MODE:
SELECTOR 1 3BIT MODE:
SELECTOR 1 TIME-OUT: ACTUAL VALUE

SETTINGS
SELECTOR 1 POSITION
SELECTOR 1 POWER-UP MODE:
SELECTOR 1 FUNCTION:
Enabled = 1 RUN 5
SELECTOR 1 STEP-UP: FLEXLOGIC™ OPERANDS
Off = 0 step up SELECTOR 1 POS 1
2
SELECTOR 1 ACK: 1 SELECTOR 1 POS 2
3
Off = 0 acknowledge SELECTOR 1 POS 3
SELECTOR 1 3BIT A0: 4
SELECTOR 1 POS 4
three-bit control input
Off = 0 SELECTOR 1 POS 5

ON
SELECTOR 1 3BIT A1: 7 5
SELECTOR 1 POS 6
Off = 0 6
SELECTOR 1 POS 7
SELECTOR 1 3BIT A2:
Off = 0 FLEXLOGIC™ OPERANDS
SELECTOR 1 3BIT ACK:
SELECTOR 1 STP ALARM
Off = 0 3-bit acknowledge
SELECTOR 1 BIT ALARM
3-bit position out
OR
SELECTOR 1 ALARM
SELECTOR 1 PWR ALARM
SELECTOR 1 BIT 0
SELECTOR 1 BIT 1
SELECTOR 1 BIT 2
842012A2.CDR
Figure 5–121: SELECTOR SWITCH LOGIC

5.7.5 TRIP OUTPUT
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ TRIP OUTPUT
TRIP OUTPUT TRIP MODE: Range: Disabled, 3 Pole Only, 3 Pole & 1 Pole
Disabled
TRIP 3-POLE INPUT-1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓
MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓
MESSAGE
Off
5 MESSAGE
TRIP RECLOSE INPUT-1:
Off
Range: FlexLogic™ operand
TRIP RECLOSE INPUT-2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
↓
TRIP RECLOSE INPUT-6: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
TRIP SEAL-IN DELAY: Range: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.000 s
TRIP RESET: Range: Pole Curr OR Custom, CBaux OR Custom,
MESSAGE Custom
CBaux OR Custom
START TMR Z2PH Inp1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
START TMR Z2PH Inp2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
START TMR Z2GR Inp1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
START TMR Z2GR Inp2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR ΦA OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR ΦB OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR ΦC OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off

TRIP FORCE 3-POLE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
TRIP PILOT PRIORITY: Range: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.000 s
REVERSE FAULT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
TRIP DELAY ON EVOLV Range: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
FAULTS: 0.000 s
TRIP EVENTS: Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The trip output element is primarily used to collect trip requests from protection elements and other inputs to generate out-
put operands to initiate trip operations. Three pole trips will only initiate reclosure if programmed to do so, whereas single
pole trips will always automatically initiate reclosure. The TRIP 3-POLE and TRIP 1-POLE output operands can also be used
as inputs to a FlexLogic™ OR gate to operate the faceplate Trip indicator LED.
THREE POLE OPERATION:
In applications where single-pole tripping is not required this element provides a convenient method of collecting inputs to
initiate tripping of circuit breakers, the reclose element and breaker failure elements.
SINGLE POLE OPERATION:
This element must be used in single pole operation applications.
NOTE
5
In these applications this element is used to:
• Determine if a single pole operation should be performed.
• Collect inputs to initiate three pole tripping, the recloser and breaker failure elements.
• Collect inputs to initiate single pole tripping, the recloser and breaker failure elements.
• Assign a higher priority to pilot aided scheme outputs than to exclusively local inputs.
The trip output element works in association with other L90 elements (refer to the Theory of operation chapter for a com-
plete description of single-pole operations) that must be programmed and in-service for successful operation. The neces-
sary elements are: recloser, breaker control, open pole detector, and phase selector. The recloser must also be in the
“Reset” state before a single pole trip can be issued. Outputs from this element are also directly connected as initiate sig-
nals to the breaker failure elements.
The trip output element is used to aggregate inputs from appropriate protection elements (including 87L line differential, dis-
tance, and instantaneous overcurrent functions) to provide single-pole tripping. The line current differential function is hard-
wired through the 87L TRIP function, which has to be enabled and configured properly.
The 87L TRIP function collects inputs from both the 87L line differential and 87L DTT functions. It can be supervised by the
disturbance detector and determines if the fault type is single-line-to-ground or multi-phase. The 87L TRIP function sends a
direct command to the trip output element to execute appropriate tripping action without any consultation with phase selec-
tor.
Other protective functions, such as distance and overcurrent, need to be assigned to appropriate trip output single-pole or
three-pole inputs and will require phase selector fault identification for tripping action. A timer defined by the TRIP PILOT PRI-
ORITY setting can be used to delay the output decision from other local protection elements to give 87L operational priority.
This prevents three-pole operation where a single pole operation is permitted.
To ensure correct operation of the single-pole tripping feature, any non-distance protection used for single pole trip-
ping (such as high-set overcurrent using the instantaneous or directional overcurrent elements) must be blocked by
NOTE the OPEN POLE OP ΦA, OPEN POLE OP ΦB, or OPEN POLE OP ΦC operands. For example, instantaneous overcur-
rent phase A will be blocked by OPEN POLE OP ΦA operand. This blocking condition is pre-wired for distance pro-
tection.
The following settings are available for the trip output element.

• TRIP MODE: This setting is used to select the required mode of operation. If selected to “3 Pole Only” outputs for all
three phases are always set simultaneously. If selected to “3 Pole & 1 Pole” outputs for all three phases are set simul-
taneously unless the phase selector or a pilot aided scheme determines the fault is single-phase-to-ground. If the fault
is identified as being AG, BG or CG only the operands for the faulted phase will be asserted.
• TRIP 3-POLE INPUT-1 to TRIP 3-POLE INPUT-6: These settings are used to select an operand representing a fault
condition that is not desired to initiate a single pole operation (for example, phase undervoltage). Use a FlexLogic OR-
gate if more than six inputs are required.
• TRIP 1-POLE INPUT-1 to TRIP 1-POLE INPUT-6: These settings are used to select an operand representing a fault
condition that is desired to initiate a single pole trip-and-reclose if the fault is single phase to ground (for example, dis-
tance zone 1). Use a FlexLogic™ OR-gate if more than six inputs are required. The inputs do not have to be phase-
specific as the phase selector determines the fault type.
The AR FORCE 3-P TRIP operand is asserted by the autorecloser 1.5 cycles after single-pole reclosing is initiated. This
operand calls for a three-pole trip if any protection element configured under TRIP 1-POLE INPUT remains picked-up. The
open pole detector provides blocking inputs to distance elements, and therefore the latter will reset immediately after
the TRIP 1-POLE operand is asserted. For other protection elements used in single-pole tripping, the user must ensure
they will reset immediately after tripping, otherwise the fact that they are still picked up will be detected as an evolving
fault and the relay will trip three-poles. For example, if high-set phase instantaneous overcurrent is used (TRIP 1-POLE
INPUT X: “PHASE IOC1 OP”), then OPEN POLE OP ΦA shall be used for blocking phase A of the instantaneous overcur-
rent element. In this way, after tripping phase A, the phase a instantaneous overcurrent element is forced to reset.
Phases B and C are still operational and can detect an evolving fault as soon as 8 ms after tripping phase A. Neutral
and negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent elements shall be blocked from the OPEN POLE BLK N operand
unless the pickup setting is high enough to prevent pickup during single-pole reclosing.
• TRIP RECLOSE INPUT-1 to TRIP RECLOSE INPUT-6: These settings select an operand representing a fault condi-
tion that is desired to initiate three pole reclosing (for example, phase distance zone 1). Use a FlexLogic™ OR-gate if
5 more than six inputs are required. These inputs will also include the TRIP 1-POLE INPUT-1 to TRIP 1-POLE INPUT-6 values,
which are intended to initiate three-pole reclosing in situations where single-pole tripping commands are changed to
three-pole tripping commands. This may happen in cases where the phase selector identifies a multi-phase fault or the
AR FORCE 3P TRIP command is present.
• TRIP SEAL-IN DELAY: This setting specifies the minimum time that trip command signals are maintained to provide
sufficient time to open the breaker poles. If a value of “0” is specified, then the output signal is reset once the protection
elements initiating the trip are reset. If a value other than “0” is specified, then the protection elements must reset and
the timer initiated at the first trip command must expire.
• TRIP RESET: This setting selects the option to reset the trip latches. If “Pole Curr OR Custom” is chosen, then the
OPEN POLE CURRENT PKP setting should be programmed accordingly. If “CBaux OR Custom” is chosen, then the break-
ers should be set appropriately. Both the “Current” and “CBaux” options can be complimented by custom conditions
using the BKR ΦA OPEN, BKR ΦB OPEN, and BKR ΦC OPEN settings indicated below. Alternately, a purely custom condi-
tion can be applied to reset trip output latches.
• START TMR Z2PH Inp1 and START TMR Z2PH Inp2: These settings select an operand that will start the phase dis-
tance zone 2 timer to avoid a trip delay if the fault evolves from one type to another type (for example, from a single-
line–to-ground fault to a multi-phase fault) or from one zone of protection to another zone of protection (for example,
from zone 3 to zone 2). For instance, the GND DIST Z2 PKP FlexLogic™ operand or the PH DIST Z3 PKP FlexLogic™
operand could be assigned to either of these settings. Use a FlexLogic OR-gate if more than two inputs are required.
Refer to phase distance logic diagrams for additional information.
• START TMR Z2GR Inp1 and START TMR Z2GR Inp2: These settings select an operand that will start the ground dis-
tance zone 2 timer to avoid a trip delay if the fault evolves from one zone of protection to another zone of protection (for
example, from zone 3 to zone 2). For instance, the GND DIST Z3 PKP FlexLogic™ operand could be assigned to these
settings. Use a FlexLogic OR-gate if more than two inputs are required. Refer to ground distance logic diagrams for
additional information.
• BKR ΦA OPEN, BKR ΦB OPEN, and BKR ΦC OPEN: This settings are used to select an operand to indicates that
phase A, B, or C of the breaker is open, respectively.
• TRIP FORCE 3-POLE: Selects an operand that will force an input selected for single pole operation to produce a three
pole operation. The AR DISABLED FlexLogic™ operand is the recommended value for this setting. Power system con-
figurations or conditions which require such operations may be considered as well.

• TRIP PILOT PRIORITY: This setting is used to set an interval equal to the inter-relay channel communications time,
plus an appropriate margin, during which outputs are not asserted. This delay permits fault identification information
from a remote terminal to be used instead of local data only.
• REVERSE FAULT: This setting should be used to guarantee accuracy of single-pole tripping under evolving external to
internal faults. When a close-in external fault occurs, the relay is biased toward very fast operation on a following inter-
nal fault. This is primarily due to depressed voltages and elevated currents in response to the first, external fault. The
phase selector may exhibit some time lag compared to the main protection elements. This may potentially result in a
spurious three-pole operation on a single-line-to-ground internal fault. Delaying tripping on internal faults that follow
detection of reverse faults solves the problem.
As long as the operand indicated under this setting is asserted the trip action will be delayed by TRIP DELAY ON EVOLV
FAULTS time. Typically this operand should combine reverse zone indications (such as zone 4 pickup) with a half-cycle
pickup delay, and two-cycle dropout delay. This setting should be used only in single-pole tripping applications, when
evolving faults are of importance, and slightly delayed operation on evolving faults could be traded for enhanced accu-
racy of single-pole tripping.
• TRIP DELAY ON EVOLV FAULTS: This setting should be used in conjunction with the REVERSE FAULT setting (see
above). Typically this value should be set around half a power system cycle. This setting should be used only in single-
pole tripping applications, when evolving faults are of importance, and slightly delayed operation on evolving faults
could be traded for enhanced accuracy of single-pole tripping.

SETTINGS
Trip Mode
= 3 Pole Only
OR
= 3 Pole and 1 Pole
Trip Force 3-Pole 3P FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= Off OR TRIP FORCE 3-POLE
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
2 cyc
OPEN POLE OP
0 AND
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AR FORCE 3P TRIP
To trip output
ENABLED logic sheet 2,
SETTING AND 837034A2
Open Pole Mode
= Accelerated
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
LINE PICKUP OP
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
POTT TRIP 3P
DUTT TRIP 3P
PUTT TRIP 3P
D60 only AND
HYBRID POTT TRIP 3P OR
DIR BLOCK TRIP 3P
DCUB TRIP 3P
L90 only 87L TRIP 3P OP
SETTING
Trip 3-Pole Input 1
= Off OR
…
AND
SETTING OR
5 Trip 3-Pole Input 6

= Off AND
SETTING
Trip 1-Pole Input 1 AND
= Off
…
SETTING
AND
SETTING OR TRIP PILOT
Trip 1-Pole Input 6 PRIORITY
AND
= Off
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS 0
PHASE SELECT MULTI-P
OR
PHASE SELECT VOID AND OR PHASE A
PHASE SELECT AG 0
PHASE SELECT BG
PHASE SELECT CG AND OR PHASE B
0 To trip output
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS logic sheet 2,
POTT TRIP A 837034A2
AND OR PHASE C
DUTT TRIP A 0
PUTT TRIP A
D60 only HYBRID POTT TRIP A OR
{
OR Only 1 of 3 can
DIR BLOCK TRIP A 3P
be asserted
DCUB TRIP A
L90 only 87L TRIP OP A
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
POTT TRIP B
DUTT TRIP B
PUTT TRIP B
D60 only HYBRID POTT TRIP B OR
DIR BLOCK TRIP B
DCUB TRIP B
L90 only 87L TRIP OP B
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
POTT TRIP C
DUTT TRIP C
PUTT TRIP C
D60 only HYBRID POTT TRIP C OR
DIR BLOCK TRIP C
DCUB TRIP C
L90 only 87L TRIP OP C 837025AG.CDR
Figure 5–122: TRIP OUTPUT SCHEME LOGIC (Sheet 1 of 2)

SETTING
Trip Delay on Evolving Faults
From trip output logic sheet 1, 837025AG
PHASE A S
OR FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PHASE B 0
Latch TRIP PHASE A
PHASE C
AND R
SETTING
0
SETTING OR S FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Reverse Fault
AND Latch TRIP PHASE B
= Off
R
SETTING
0
OR S FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Latch TRIP PHASE C
From trip output logic AND
R
sheet 1, 837025AG
3P S FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Latch TRIP 3-POLE
OR R OR TRIP OUTPUT OP
AND
SETTING
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Trip Seal-In Delay AND
AND TRIP 1-POLE
XOR
OR
0 AND
TIMER
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING
Trip Reset
AND
20 ms
TRIP AR INIT 3-POLE
5
OPEN POLE I< ΦA
OR
OPEN POLE BKR ΦA OP
Pole Curr OR Custom
SETTING
CBaux OR Custom AND
Bkr Phase A Open OR
= Off
Custom
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
OPEN POLE I< ΦB
OR
OPEN POLE BKR ΦB OP
Pole Curr OR Custom
SETTING
AND
Bkr Phase B Open CBaux OR Custom
OR
= Off
Custom
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
OPEN POLE I< ΦB
OR
OPEN POLE BKR ΦB OP
Pole Curr OR Custom
SETTING
AND
Bkr Phase B Open CBaux OR Custom
OR
= Off
Custom
SETTING
Trip Reclose Input 1
= Off
SETTING OR
Trip Reclose Input 6
= Off
SETTINGS
Start Timer Z2Ph In1
= Off to phase distance zone 2 logic
Start Timer Z2Ph In2 OR FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= Off AND TRIP Z2PH TMR INIT
Start Timer Z2Gr In1
to ground distance zone 2 logic
= Off
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Start Timer Z2Gr In2 OR
AND TRIP Z2GR TMR INIT
= Off
From trip output

logic sheet 1, ENABLED
837025AG 837034A2.CDR
Figure 5–123: TRIP OUTPUT SCHEME LOGIC (Sheet 2 of 2)

5.7.6 SYNCHROCHECK
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ SYNCHROCHECK Ö SYNCHROCHECK 1(2)
SYNCHROCHECK 1 SYNCHK1 FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

Disabled
SYNCHK1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
SYNCHK1 V1 SOURCE: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC 1
SYNCHK1 V2 SOURCE: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC 2
SYNCHK1 MAX VOLT Range: 0 to 400000 V in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DIFF: 10000 V
SYNCHK1 MAX ANGLE Range: 0 to 100° in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DIFF: 30°
SYNCHK1 MAX FREQ Range: 0.00 to 2.00 Hz in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
DIFF: 1.00 Hz
SYNCHK1 MAX FREQ Range: 0.00 to 0.10 Hz in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
HYSTERESIS: 0.06 Hz
SYNCHK1 DEAD SOURCE Range: None, LV1 and DV2, DV1 and LV2, DV1 or DV2,
5 MESSAGE
SELECT: LV1 and DV2 DV1 Xor DV2, DV1 and DV2
SYNCHK1 DEAD V1 Range: 0.00 to 1.25 pu in steps of 0.01

MESSAGE
MAX VOLT: 0.30 pu
SYNCHK1 DEAD V2 Range: 0.00 to 1.25 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
MAX VOLT: 0.30 pu
SYNCHK1 LIVE V1 Range: 0.00 to 1.25 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
MIN VOLT: 0.70 pu
SYNCHK1 LIVE V2 Range: 0.00 to 1.25 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
MIN VOLT: 0.70 pu
SYNCHK1 TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-reset
SYNCHK1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The are two identical synchrocheck elements available, numbered 1 and 2.

The synchronism check function is intended for supervising the paralleling of two parts of a system which are to be joined
by the closure of a circuit breaker. The synchrocheck elements are typically used at locations where the two parts of the
system are interconnected through at least one other point in the system.
Synchrocheck verifies that the voltages (V1 and V2) on the two sides of the supervised circuit breaker are within set limits
of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The time that the two voltages remain within the admissible angle differ-
ence is determined by the setting of the phase angle difference ΔΦ and the frequency difference ΔF (slip frequency). It can
be defined as the time it would take the voltage phasor V1 or V2 to traverse an angle equal to 2 × ΔΦ at a frequency equal
to the frequency difference ΔF. This time can be calculated by:
1
T = -------------------------------
- (EQ 5.26)
360°
------------------ × ΔF
2 × ΔΦ
where: ΔΦ = phase angle difference in degrees; ΔF = frequency difference in Hz.

If one or both sources are de-energized, the synchrocheck programming can allow for closing of the circuit breaker using
undervoltage control to by-pass the synchrocheck measurements (dead source function).
• SYNCHK1 V1 SOURCE: This setting selects the source for voltage V1 (see NOTES below).
• SYNCHK1 V2 SOURCE: This setting selects the source for voltage V2, which must not be the same as used for the
V1 (see NOTES below).
• SYNCHK1 MAX VOLT DIFF: This setting selects the maximum primary voltage difference in volts between the two
sources. A primary voltage magnitude difference between the two input voltages below this value is within the permis-
sible limit for synchronism.
• SYNCHK1 MAX ANGLE DIFF: This setting selects the maximum angular difference in degrees between the two
sources. An angular difference between the two input voltage phasors below this value is within the permissible limit
for synchronism.
• SYNCHK1 MAX FREQ DIFF: This setting selects the maximum frequency difference in ‘Hz’ between the two sources.
A frequency difference between the two input voltage systems below this value is within the permissible limit for syn-
chronism.
• SYNCHK1 MAX FREQ HYSTERESIS: This setting specifies the required hysteresis for the maximum frequency differ-
ence condition. The condition becomes satisfied when the frequency difference becomes lower than SYNCHK1 MAX
FREQ DIFF. Once the Synchrocheck element has operated, the frequency difference must increase above the SYNCHK1
MAX FREQ DIFF + SYNCHK1 MAX FREQ HYSTERESIS sum to drop out (assuming the other two conditions, voltage and
angle, remain satisfied).
• SYNCHK1 DEAD SOURCE SELECT: This setting selects the combination of dead and live sources that will by-pass
synchronism check function and permit the breaker to be closed when one or both of the two voltages (V1 or/and V2)
are below the maximum voltage threshold. A dead or live source is declared by monitoring the voltage level. Six
options are available:
None: Dead Source function is disabled
5
LV1 and DV2: Live V1 and Dead V2
DV1 and LV2: Dead V1 and Live V2
DV1 or DV2: Dead V1 or Dead V2
DV1 Xor DV2: Dead V1 exclusive-or Dead V2 (one source is Dead and the other is Live)
DV1 and DV2: Dead V1 and Dead V2
• SYNCHK1 DEAD V1 MAX VOLT: This setting establishes a maximum voltage magnitude for V1 in 1 ‘pu’. Below this
magnitude, the V1 voltage input used for synchrocheck will be considered “Dead” or de-energized.
• SYNCHK1 DEAD V2 MAX VOLT: This setting establishes a maximum voltage magnitude for V2 in ‘pu’. Below this
magnitude, the V2 voltage input used for synchrocheck will be considered “Dead” or de-energized.
• SYNCHK1 LIVE V1 MIN VOLT: This setting establishes a minimum voltage magnitude for V1 in ‘pu’. Above this mag-
nitude, the V1 voltage input used for synchrocheck will be considered “Live” or energized.
• SYNCHK1 LIVE V2 MIN VOLT: This setting establishes a minimum voltage magnitude for V2 in ‘pu’. Above this mag-
nitude, the V2 voltage input used for synchrocheck will be considered “Live” or energized.
NOTES ON THE SYNCHROCHECK FUNCTION:
1. The selected sources for synchrocheck inputs V1 and V2 (which must not be the same source) may include both a
three-phase and an auxiliary voltage. The relay will automatically select the specific voltages to be used by the synch-
rocheck element in accordance with the following table.
NO. V1 OR V2 V2 OR V1 AUTO-SELECTED AUTO-SELECTED VOLTAGE

(SOURCE Y) (SOURCE Z) COMBINATION
SOURCE Y SOURCE Z
1 Phase VTs and Phase VTs and Phase Phase VAB
Auxiliary VT Auxiliary VT
2 Phase VTs and Phase VT Phase Phase VAB
Auxiliary VT
3 Phase VT Phase VT Phase Phase VAB

NO. V1 OR V2 V2 OR V1 AUTO-SELECTED AUTO-SELECTED VOLTAGE

(SOURCE Y) (SOURCE Z) COMBINATION
SOURCE Y SOURCE Z
4 Phase VT and Auxiliary VT Phase Auxiliary V auxiliary
Auxiliary VT (as set for Source z)
5 Auxiliary VT Auxiliary VT Auxiliary Auxiliary V auxiliary
(as set for selected sources)
The voltages V1 and V2 will be matched automatically so that the corresponding voltages from the two sources will be
used to measure conditions. A phase to phase voltage will be used if available in both sources; if one or both of the
Sources have only an auxiliary voltage, this voltage will be used. For example, if an auxiliary voltage is programmed to
VAG, the synchrocheck element will automatically select VAG from the other source. If the comparison is required on a
specific voltage, the user can externally connect that specific voltage to auxiliary voltage terminals and then use this
"Auxiliary Voltage" to check the synchronism conditions.
If using a single CT/VT module with both phase voltages and an auxiliary voltage, ensure that only the auxiliary voltage
is programmed in one of the sources to be used for synchrocheck.
Exception: Synchronism cannot be checked between Delta connected phase VTs and a Wye con-
nected auxiliary voltage.
NOTE
2. The relay measures frequency and Volts/Hz from an input on a given source with priorities as established by the con-
figuration of input channels to the source. The relay will use the phase channel of a three-phase set of voltages if pro-
grammed as part of that source. The relay will use the auxiliary voltage channel only if that channel is programmed as
part of the Source and a three-phase set is not.

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND SYNC1 V2 ABOVE MIN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND SYNC1 V1 ABOVE MIN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND SYNC1 V1 BELOW MAX
SETTINGS
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Function
AND SYNC1 V2 BELOW MAX
Enabled = 1
Disabled = 0
AND
Block
Off = 0
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND SYNC1 DEAD S OP
AND SYNC1 DEAD S DPO
SETTING
Dead Source Select FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND OR OR SYNC1 CLS OP
None
LV1 and DV2 SYNC1 CLS DPO
DV1 and LV2
AND
DV1 or DV2
DV1 xor DV2
DV1 and DV2
AND
SETTING
Dead V1 Max Volt
V1 ≤ Maximum
XOR
SETTING
Dead V2 Max Volt
OR
V2 ≤ Maximum
SETTING
5
Live V1 Min Volt
AND
V1 ≥ Minimum
SETTING
Live V2 Min Volt
AND
V2 ≥ Minimum
SETTING
CALCULATE Max Volt Diff
SETTING Magnitude V1 Calculate
ΔV ≤ Maximum
V1 Source Angle Φ1 I V1 – V2 I = ΔV
= SRC 1 Frequency F1 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND SYNC1 SYNC OP
SETTING
SYNC1 SYNC DPO
Max Angle Diff
Calculate
ΔΦ ≤ Maximum
I Φ1 – Φ2 I = ΔΦ
SETTINGS SYNCHROCHECK 1
CALCULATE Max Freq Diff
SETTING Magnitude V2 Freq Hysteresis
V2 Source Angle Φ2 Calculate
ΔF ≤ Maximum
= SRC 2 Frequency F2 I F1 – F2 I = ΔF
ACTUAL VALUE
Synchrocheck 1 ΔV
Synchrocheck 1 ΔΦ
Synchrocheck 1 ΔF
827076AB.CDR
Figure 5–124: SYNCHROCHECK SCHEME LOGIC

5.7.7 DIGITAL ELEMENTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ DIGITAL ELEMENTS Ö DIGITAL ELEMENT 1(48)
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
DIG ELEM 1 NAME: Range: 16 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
Dig Element 1
DIG ELEM 1 INPUT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
DIG ELEM 1 PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 999999.999 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
DIG ELEM 1 RESET Range: 0.000 to 999999.999 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
DIG ELEMENT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
PICKUP LED: Enabled
DIG ELEM 1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
5 MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
There are 48 identical digital elements available, numbered 1 to 48. A digital element can monitor any FlexLogic™ operand
and present a target message and/or enable events recording depending on the output operand state. The digital element
settings include a name which will be referenced in any target message, a blocking input from any selected FlexLogic™
operand, and a timer for pickup and reset delays for the output operand.
• DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 INPUT: Selects a FlexLogic™ operand to be monitored by the digital element.
• DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 PICKUP DELAY: Sets the time delay to pickup. If a pickup delay is not required, set to "0".
• DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 RESET DELAY: Sets the time delay to reset. If a reset delay is not required, set to “0”.
• DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 PICKUP LED: This setting enables or disabled the digital element pickup LED. When set to
“Disabled”, the operation of the pickup LED is blocked.
SETTING
DIGITAL ELEMENT 01
FUNCTION:
Disabled = 0 SETTINGS
Enabled = 1 DIGITAL ELEMENT 01
SETTING PICKUP DELAY:
DIGITAL ELEMENT 01 DIGITAL ELEMENT 01 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING
NAME: RESET DELAY:
DIGITAL ELEMENT 01 DIG ELEM 01 DPO
AND RUN tPKP
INPUT: DIG ELEM 01 PKP
Off = 0 DIG ELEM 01 OP
INPUT = 1 tRST
SETTING
DIGITAL ELEMENT 01
BLOCK:
827042A1.VSD
Off = 0
Figure 5–125: DIGITAL ELEMENT SCHEME LOGIC

CIRCUIT MONITORING APPLICATIONS:
Some versions of the digital input modules include an active voltage monitor circuit connected across form-A contacts. The
voltage monitor circuit limits the trickle current through the output circuit (see technical specifications for form-A).

As long as the current through the voltage monitor is above a threshold (see technical specifications for form-A), the “Cont
Op 1 VOn” FlexLogic™ operand will be set (for contact input 1 – corresponding operands exist for each contact output). If
the output circuit has a high resistance or the DC current is interrupted, the trickle current will drop below the threshold and
the “Cont Op 1 VOff” FlexLogic™ operand will be set. Consequently, the state of these operands can be used as indicators
of the integrity of the circuits in which form-A contacts are inserted.
EXAMPLE 1: BREAKER TRIP CIRCUIT INTEGRITY MONITORING
In many applications it is desired to monitor the breaker trip circuit integrity so problems can be detected before a trip oper-
ation is required. The circuit is considered to be healthy when the voltage monitor connected across the trip output contact
detects a low level of current, well below the operating current of the breaker trip coil. If the circuit presents a high resis-
tance, the trickle current will fall below the monitor threshold and an alarm would be declared.
In most breaker control circuits, the trip coil is connected in series with a breaker auxiliary contact which is open when the
breaker is open (see diagram below). To prevent unwanted alarms in this situation, the trip circuit monitoring logic must
include the breaker position.
UR-series device
with form-A contacts
H1a
I
H1b DC–
V DC+
H1c 52a Trip coil
5
I = current monitor
V = voltage monitor 827073A2.CDR
Figure 5–126: TRIP CIRCUIT EXAMPLE 1

Assume the output contact H1 is a trip contact. Using the contact output settings, this output will be given an ID name; for
example, “Cont Op 1". Assume a 52a breaker auxiliary contact is connected to contact input H7a to monitor breaker status.
Using the contact input settings, this input will be given an ID name, for example, “Cont Ip 1", and will be set “On” when the
breaker is closed. The settings to use digital element 1 to monitor the breaker trip circuit are indicated below (EnerVista UR
Setup example shown):
The PICKUP DELAY setting should be greater than the operating time of the breaker to avoid nuisance
alarms.
NOTE

EXAMPLE 2: BREAKER TRIP CIRCUIT INTEGRITY MONITORING

If it is required to monitor the trip circuit continuously, independent of the breaker position (open or closed), a method to
maintain the monitoring current flow through the trip circuit when the breaker is open must be provided (as shown in the fig-
ure below). This can be achieved by connecting a suitable resistor (see figure below) across the auxiliary contact in the trip
circuit. In this case, it is not required to supervise the monitoring circuit with the breaker position – the BLOCK setting is
selected to “Off”. In this case, the settings are as follows (EnerVista UR Setup example shown).
UR-series device
with form-A contacts
5 H1a
Values for resistor “R”
Power supply Resistance Power
I
24 V DC 1000 Ω 2W
H1b DC– 30 V DC 5000 Ω 2W
48 V DC 10000 Ω 2W
V DC+
110 V DC 25000 Ω 5W
H1c 52a Trip coil
125 V DC 25000 Ω 5W
R
250 V DC 50000 Ω 5W
Bypass
I = current monitor resistor
V = voltage monitor 827074A3.CDR
Figure 5–127: TRIP CIRCUIT EXAMPLE 2

The wiring connection for two examples above is applicable to both form-A contacts with voltage monitoring and
solid-state contact with voltage monitoring.
NOTE

5.7.8 DIGITAL COUNTERS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ DIGITAL COUNTERS Ö COUNTER 1(8)
COUNTER 1 COUNTER 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
COUNTER 1 NAME: Range: 12 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
Counter 1
COUNTER 1 UNITS: Range: 6 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
COUNTER 1 PRESET: Range: –2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647

MESSAGE
0
COUNTER 1 COMPARE: Range: –2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647
MESSAGE
0
COUNTER 1 UP: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
COUNTER 1 DOWN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
COUNTER 1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CNT1 SET TO PRESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off 5
COUNTER 1 RESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
COUNT1 FREEZE/RESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
COUNT1 FREEZE/COUNT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
There are 8 identical digital counters, numbered from 1 to 8. A digital counter counts the number of state transitions from
Logic 0 to Logic 1. The counter is used to count operations such as the pickups of an element, the changes of state of an
external contact (e.g. breaker auxiliary switch), or pulses from a watt-hour meter.
• COUNTER 1 UNITS: Assigns a label to identify the unit of measure pertaining to the digital transitions to be counted.
The units label will appear in the corresponding actual values status.
• COUNTER 1 PRESET: Sets the count to a required preset value before counting operations begin, as in the case
where a substitute relay is to be installed in place of an in-service relay, or while the counter is running.
• COUNTER 1 COMPARE: Sets the value to which the accumulated count value is compared. Three FlexLogic™ output
operands are provided to indicate if the present value is ‘more than (HI)’, ‘equal to (EQL)’, or ‘less than (LO)’ the set
value.
• COUNTER 1 UP: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand for incrementing the counter. If an enabled UP input is received
when the accumulated value is at the limit of +2,147,483,647 counts, the counter will rollover to –2,147,483,648.
• COUNTER 1 DOWN: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand for decrementing the counter. If an enabled DOWN input is
received when the accumulated value is at the limit of –2,147,483,648 counts, the counter will rollover to
+2,147,483,647.
• COUNTER 1 BLOCK: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand for blocking the counting operation. All counter operands are
blocked.

• CNT1 SET TO PRESET: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand used to set the count to the preset value. The counter will
be set to the preset value in the following situations:
1. When the counter is enabled and the CNT1 SET TO PRESET operand has the value 1 (when the counter is enabled
and CNT1 SET TO PRESET operand is 0, the counter will be set to 0).
2. When the counter is running and the CNT1 SET TO PRESET operand changes the state from 0 to 1 (CNT1 SET TO
PRESET changing from 1 to 0 while the counter is running has no effect on the count).
3. When a reset or reset/freeze command is sent to the counter and the CNT1 SET TO PRESET operand has the value
1 (when a reset or reset/freeze command is sent to the counter and the CNT1 SET TO PRESET operand has the
value 0, the counter will be set to 0).
• COUNTER 1 RESET: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand for setting the count to either “0” or the preset value depending
on the state of the CNT1 SET TO PRESET operand.
• COUNTER 1 FREEZE/RESET: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand for capturing (freezing) the accumulated count value
into a separate register with the date and time of the operation, and resetting the count to “0”.
• COUNTER 1 FREEZE/COUNT: Selects the FlexLogic™ operand for capturing (freezing) the accumulated count value
into a separate register with the date and time of the operation, and continuing counting. The present accumulated
value and captured frozen value with the associated date/time stamp are available as actual values. If control power is
interrupted, the accumulated and frozen values are saved into non-volatile memory during the power down operation.
SETTING
COUNTER 1 FUNCTION:
Disabled = 0
SETTINGS
Enabled = 1
COUNTER 1 NAME:
5 SETTING
COUNTER 1 UP:
AND COUNTER 1 UNITS:
COUNTER 1 PRESET:
RUN
Off = 0 SETTING
FLEXLOGIC
COUNTER 1 COMPARE: OPERANDS
SETTING
CALCULATE Count more than Comp. COUNTER 1 HI
COUNTER 1 DOWN: VALUE Count equal to Comp. COUNTER 1 EQL
Off = 0 Count less than Comp. COUNTER 1 LO
SETTING
COUNTER 1 BLOCK:
Off = 0 SET TO PRESET VALUE
SETTING SET TO ZERO

ACTUAL VALUE
CNT 1 SET TO PRESET: COUNTER 1 ACCUM:
Off = 0
AND
SETTING AND ACTUAL VALUES

COUNTER 1 RESET:
COUNTER 1 FROZEN:
Off = 0
OR STORE DATE & TIME Date & Time
SETTING
COUNT1 FREEZE/RESET:
Off = 0
OR
827065A1.VSD
SETTING
COUNT1 FREEZE/COUNT:
Off = 0
Figure 5–128: DIGITAL COUNTER SCHEME LOGIC

5.7.9 MONITORING ELEMENTS
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ MONITORING ELEMENTS
MONITORING BREAKER 1
See page 5–232.
ELEMENTS ARCING CURRENT
BREAKER 2
ARCING CURRENT
BREAKER 3
ARCING CURRENT
BREAKER 4
ARCING CURRENT
BREAKER
FLASHOVER 1
BREAKER
FLASHOVER 2
BREAKER
FLASHOVER 3
BREAKER
FLASHOVER 4
MESSAGE
CONTINUOUS MONITOR
See page 5–237. 5

CT FAILURE
DETECTOR
VT FUSE FAILURE 1

VT FUSE FAILURE 2

VT FUSE FAILURE 3

VT FUSE FAILURE 4

OPEN POLE


b) BREAKER ARCING CURRENT

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ MONITORING ELEMENTS Ö BREAKER 1(4) ARCING CURRENT
BREAKER 1 BKR 1 ARC AMP Range: Disabled, Enabled

ARCING CURRENT FUNCTION: Disabled
BKR 1 ARC AMP Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SOURCE: SRC 1
BKR 1 ARC AMP INT-A: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 ARC AMP INT-B: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 ARC AMP INT-C: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 ARC AMP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
BKR 1 ARC AMP LIMIT: Range: 0 to 50000 kA2-cycle in steps of 1
MESSAGE
1000 kA2-cyc
BKR 1 ARC AMP BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 ARC AMP Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
5 BKR 1 ARC AMP Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
There is one breaker arcing current element available per CT bank, with a minimum of two elements. This element calcu-
lates an estimate of the per-phase wear on the breaker contacts by measuring and integrating the current squared passing
through the breaker contacts as an arc. These per-phase values are added to accumulated totals for each phase and com-
pared to a programmed threshold value. When the threshold is exceeded in any phase, the relay can set an output operand
to “1”. The accumulated value for each phase can be displayed as an actual value.
The operation of the scheme is shown in the following logic diagram. The same output operand that is selected to operate
the output relay used to trip the breaker, indicating a tripping sequence has begun, is used to initiate this feature. A time
delay is introduced between initiation and the starting of integration to prevent integration of current flow through the
breaker before the contacts have parted. This interval includes the operating time of the output relay, any other auxiliary
relays and the breaker mechanism. For maximum measurement accuracy, the interval between change-of-state of the
operand (from 0 to 1) and contact separation should be measured for the specific installation. Integration of the measured
current continues for 100 ms, which is expected to include the total arcing period.
The feature is programmed to perform fault duration calculations. Fault duration is defined as a time between operation of
the disturbance detector occurring before initiation of this feature, and reset of an internal low-set overcurrent function. Cor-
rection is implemented to account for a non-zero reset time of the overcurrent function.
Breaker arcing currents and fault duration values are available under the ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ RECORDS ÖØ MAINTENANCE
Ö BREAKER 1(4) menus.
• BKR 1 ARC AMP INT-A(C): Select the same output operands that are configured to operate the output relays used to
trip the breaker. In three-pole tripping applications, the same operand should be configured to initiate arcing current
calculations for poles A, B and C of the breaker. In single-pole tripping applications, per-pole tripping operands should
be configured to initiate the calculations for the poles that are actually tripped.
• BKR 1 ARC AMP DELAY: This setting is used to program the delay interval between the time the tripping sequence is
initiated and the time the breaker contacts are expected to part, starting the integration of the measured current.
• BKR 1 ARC AMP LIMIT: Selects the threshold value above which the output operand is set.

Breaker
Contacts Arc
Initiate Part Extinguished
Total Area =
Breaker
Arcing
Current
(kA·cycle)
Programmable
Start Delay 100 ms
Start Stop
Integration Integration
Figure 5–129: ARCING CURRENT MEASUREMENT
SETTING
BREAKER 1 ARCING
AND
AMP FUNCTION:
SETTING
Disabled=0
Enabled=1 BREAKER 1 ARCING
AMP DELAY: 100 ms
SETTING OR 0 0
BREAKER 1 ARCING
AMP BLOCK:
Off=0
SETTINGS
BREAKER 1 ARCING
AMP INIT-A:
AND
5
Off=0
BREAKER 1 ARCING
AMP INIT-B:
Off=0 OR
BREAKER 1 ARCING
AMP INIT-C:
Off=0
AND RUN
SETTING Integrate
BREAKER 1 ARCING Add to SETTING
AMP SOURCE: AND RUN Accumulator BREAKER 1 ARCING
IA IA 2 -Cycle AMP LIMIT: FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Select
2
IB Integrate IB 2 -Cycle Highest KA * Cycle Limit BKR1 ARC OP
IC IC 2 -Cycle Value BKR1 ARC DPO
AND RUN
COMMAND
CLEAR BREAKER 1 Integrate ACTUAL VALUE

ARCING AMPS: Set All To Zero BKR 1 ARCING AMP A
NO=0 BKR 1 ARCING AMP B
YES=1 BKR 1 ARCING AMP C 827071A3.CDR
BKR 1 OPERATING TIME A
BKR 1 OPERATING TIME B
BKR 1 OPERATING TIME C
BKR 1 OPERATING TIME
Figure 5–130: BREAKER ARCING CURRENT SCHEME LOGIC

c) BREAKER FLASHOVER
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ MONITORING ELEMENTS Ö BREAKER FLASHOVER 1(4)
BREAKER BKR 1 FLSHOVR Range: Disabled, Enabled

FLASHOVER 1 FUNCTION: Disabled
BKR 1 FLSHOVR SIDE 1 Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC: SRC 1
BKR 1 FLSHOVR SIDE 2 Range: None, SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC: None
BKR 1 STATUS CLSD A: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 STATUS CLSD B: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 STATUS CLSD C: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 FLSHOVR V PKP: Range: 0.000 to 1.500 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.850 pu
BKR 1 FLSHOVR DIFF V Range: 0 to 100000 V in steps of 1
MESSAGE
PKP: 1000 V
BKR 1 FLSHOVR AMP Range: 0.000 to 1.500 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PKP: 0.600 pu
5 BKR 1 FLSHOVR PKP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.100 s
BKR 1 FLSHOVR SPV A: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 FLSHOVR SPV B: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 FLSHOVR SPV C: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 FLSHOVR BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 1 FLSHOVR Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
BKR 1 FLSHOVR Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
The detection of the breaker flashover is based on the following condition:

1. Breaker open,
2. Voltage drop measured from either side of the breaker during the flashover period,
3. Voltage difference drop, and
4. Measured flashover current through the breaker.
Furthermore, the scheme is applicable for cases where either one or two sets of three-phase voltages are available across
the breaker.

THREE VT BREAKER FLASHOVER APPLICATION

When only one set of VTs is available across the breaker, the BRK 1 FLSHOVR SIDE 2 SRC setting should be “None”. To detect
an open breaker condition in this application, the scheme checks if the per-phase voltages were recovered (picked up), the
status of the breaker is open (contact input indicating the breaker status is off), and no flashover current is flowing. A con-
tact showing the breaker status must be provided to the relay. The voltage difference will not be considered as a condition
for open breaker in this part of the logic.
Voltages must be present prior to flashover conditions. If the three VTs are placed after the breaker on the
line (or feeder), and the downstream breaker is open, the measured voltage would be zero and the flash-
NOTE over element will not be initiated.
The flashover detection will reset if the current drops back to zero, the breaker closes, or the selected FlexLogic™ operand
for supervision changes to high. Using supervision through the BRK 1 FLSHOVR SPV A, BRK 1 FLSHOVR SPV B, and BRK 1
FLSHOVR SPV C settings is recommended by selecting a trip operand that will not allow the flashover element to pickup prior
to the trip.
The flashover detection can be used for external alarm, re-tripping the breaker, or energizing the lockout relay.
Consider the following configuration:
Bus
CTs Breaker
Line/Feeder
Bus VTs
842746A1.CDR
5
The source 1 (SRC1) phase currents are feeder CTs and phase voltages are bus VTs, and Contact Input 1 is set as Breaker
52a contact. The conditions prior to flashover detection are:
1. 52a status = 0.
2. VAg, VBg, or VCg is greater than the pickup setting.
3. IA, IB, IC = 0; no current flows through the breaker.
4. ΔVA is greater than pickup (not applicable in this scheme).
The conditions at flashover detection are:
1. 52a status = 0.
2. VAg, VBg, or VCg is lower than the pickup setting.
3. IA, IB, or IC is greater than the pickup current flowing through the breaker.
4. ΔVA is greater than pickup (not applicable in this scheme).
SIX VT BREAKER FLASHOVER APPLICATION
The per-phase voltage difference approaches zero when the breaker is closed. The is well below any typical minimum
pickup voltage. Select the level of the BRK 1 FLSHOVR DIFF V PKP setting to be less than the voltage difference measured
across the breaker when the close or open breaker resistors are left in service. Prior to flashover, the voltage difference is
larger than BRK 1 FLSHOVR DIFF V PKP. This applies to either the difference between two live voltages per phase or when the
voltage from one side of the breaker has dropped to zero (line de-energized), at least one per-phase voltage is larger than
the BRK 1 FLSHOVR V PKP setting, and no current flows through the breaker poles. During breaker flashover, the per-phase
voltages from both sides of the breaker drops below the pickup value defined by the BRK 1 FLSHOVR V PKP setting, the volt-
age difference drops below the pickup setting, and flashover current is detected. These flashover conditions initiate Flex-
Logic™ pickup operands and start the BRK 1 FLSHOVR PKP DELAY timer.
This application do not require detection of breaker status via a 52a contact, as it uses a voltage difference larger than the
BRK 1 FLSHOVR DIFF V PKP setting. However, monitoring the breaker contact will ensure scheme stability.

Consider the following configuration:
Bus
CTs Breaker
Line/Feeder
VTs
VTs
842745A1.CDR
The source 1 (SRC1) phase currents are CTs and phase voltages are bus VTs. The source 2 (SRC2) phase voltages are
line VTs. Contact input 1 is set as the breaker 52a contact (optional).
The conditions prior to flashover detection are:
1. ΔVA is greater than pickup
2. VAg, VBg, or VCg is greater than the pickup setting
3. IA, IB, IC = 0; no current flows through the breaker
4. 52a status = 0 (optional)
The conditions at flashover detection are:
1. ΔVA is less than pickup
2. VAg, VBg, or VCg is lower than the pickup setting
5 3.
4.
IA, IB, or IC is greater than the pickup current flowing through the breaker
52a status = 0 (optional)
The element is operational only when phase-to-ground voltages are connected to relay terminals. The
flashover element will not operate if delta voltages are applied.
NOTE
The breaker flashover settings are described below.

• BRK 1 FLSHOVR SIDE 1 SRC: This setting specifies a signal source used to provide three-phase voltages and three-
phase currents from one side of the current breaker. The source selected as a setting and must be configured with
breaker phase voltages and currents, even if only three (3) VTs are available across the breaker.
• BRK 1 FLSHOVR SIDE 2 SRC: This setting specifies a signal source used to provide another set of three phase volt-
ages whenever six (6) VTs are available across the breaker.
• BRK 1 STATUS CLSD A to BRK 1 STATUS CLSD C: These settings specify FlexLogic™ operands to indicate the
open status of the breaker. A separate FlexLogic™ operand can be selected to detect individual breaker pole status
and provide flashover detection. The recommended setting is 52a breaker contact or another operand defining the
breaker poles open status.
• BRK 1 FLSHOVR V PKP: This setting specifies a pickup level for the phase voltages from both sides of the breaker. If
six VTs are available, opening the breaker leads to two possible combinations – live voltages from only one side of the
breaker, or live voltages from both sides of the breaker. Either case will set the scheme ready for flashover detection
upon detection of voltage above the selected value. Set BRK FLSHOVR V PKP to 85 to 90% of the nominal voltage.
• BRK 1 FLSHOVR DIFF V PKP: This setting specifies a pickup level for the phase voltage difference when two VTs per
phase are available across the breaker. The pickup voltage difference should be below the monitored voltage differ-
ence when close or open breaker resistors are left in service. The setting is selected as primary volts difference
between the sources.
• BRK 1 FLSHOVR AMP PKP: This setting specifies the normal load current which can flow through the breaker.
Depending on the flashover protection application, the flashover current can vary from levels of the charging current
when the line is de-energized (all line breakers open), to well above the maximum line (feeder) load (line/feeder con-
nected to load).
• BRK 1 FLSHOVR SPV A to BRK 1 FLSHOVR SPV C: These settings specifiy FlexLogic™ operands (per breaker
pole) that supervise the operation of the element per phase. Supervision can be provided by operation of other protec-

tion elements, breaker failure, and close and trip commands. A six-cycle time delay applies after the selected Flex-
Logic™ operand resets.
• BRK FLSHOVR PKP DELAY: This setting specifies the time delay to operate after a pickup condition is detected.
SETTINGS
BRK 1 FLSHOVR SUPV A:

0
FlexLogic operand: Off=0
6 cycle
BRK 1 FLSHOVR SUPV B: Phase B
logic
FlexLogic operand: Off=0
BRK 1 FLSHOVR SUPV C: Phase C

logic FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
FlexLogic operand: Off=0 BRK 1 FLSHOVR PKP A FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
BRK 1 FLSHOVR PKP B OR BRK 1 FLSHOVR PKP
SETTING
SETTING BRK 1 FLSHOVR PKP C BRK 1 FLSHOVR DPO
BREAKER FLASHOVER
FUNCTION: BRK 1 FLSHOVR V PKP:
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Enable=1
AND RUN BRK 1 FLSHOVR DPO A
Block: OFF=0
VA > PKP BRK 1 FLSHOVR DPO B
0 AND BRK 1 FLSHOVR DPO C
OR SET
5 cycle
dominant
Va > PKP Phase C logic
Phase B logic
RESET
SETTINGS
5 cycle
BRK 1 STATUS CLSD A:
0 OR
SET SETTING
RUN dominant
BRK 1 FLSHOVR PKP
FlexLogic operand: On=1
DELAY:
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
BRK 1 STATUS CLSD B: Phase B tPKP
logic 0 BRK 1 FLSHOVR OP A
RUN
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FlexLogic operand: On=1
Phase B logic BRK 1 FLSHOVR OP B OR BRK 1 FLSHOVR OP
BRK 1 STATUS CLSD C: Phase C RESET
logic OR Phase C logic BRK 1 FLSHOVR OP C
SETTINGS RUN
BRK 1 FLSHOVR SIDE 1 FlexLogic operand: On=1
SRC:
SRC 1, SRC 2, … , SRC 6 SETTING
VA
BRK 1 FLSHOVR AMP PKP:
VB
VC RUN
IA IA > PKP
IB
AND
IC
SETTINGS
SETTING
BRK 1 FLSHOVR SIDE 2
SRC:
SRC 1, SRC 2, … , SRC 6, none
Va
BRK 1 FLSHOVR DIFF V
PKP:
RUN
5
VA = | VA - Va | VA > PKP
Vb
Vc 842018A2.CDR
Figure 5–131: BREAKER FLASHOVER SCHEME LOGIC
d) CONTINUOUS MONITOR
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ MONITORING ELEMENTS ÖØ CONTINUOUS MONITOR
CONTINUOUS MONITOR CONT MONITOR Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
CONT MONITOR I-OP: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE Any Current Element(s) OP
Off
CONT MONITOR I-SUPV: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE To supervise current logic, use 50DD OP
Off
CONT MONITOR V-OP: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE Any Voltage Element(s) OP
Off
CONT MONITOR V-SUPV: Range: FlexLogic™ operand. To supervise voltage logic,
MESSAGE use VT FUSE FAIL OP
Off
CONT MONITOR Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
TARGET: Self-reset
CONT MONITOR Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled

The continuous monitor logic is intended to detect the operation of any tripping element that has operated under normal
load conditions; that is, when the disturbance detector has not operated. Because all tripping is supervised by the distur-
bance detector function, no trip will be issued under these conditions. This could occur when an element is incorrectly set
so that it may misoperate under load. The continuous monitor can detect this state and issue an alarm and/or block the trip-
ping of the relay.
SETTING
CONT MONITOR
FUNCTION:
Disabled = 0
Enabled = 1
AND
SETTING
CONT MONITOR
I_SUPV:
Off = 0 AND
SETTING
CONT MONITOR
I_OP: CONSTANT
Off = 0 CONT
MONITOR
TIMER
OR t pkp
= 1 sec
SETTING
CONT MONITOR t RST = 0
V_SUPV:
Off = 0 AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
5 CONT MONITOR OP
CONT MONITOR PKP
SETTING
CONT MONITOR DPO
CONT MONITOR
V_OP:
AND
Off = 0 827049A3.vsd
Figure 5–132: CONTINUOUS MONITOR SCHEME LOGIC

e) CT FAILURE DETECTOR
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ MONITORING ELEMENTS ÖØ CT FAILURE DETECTOR
CT FAILURE CT FAIL FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

DETECTOR Disabled
CT FAIL BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 1: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC 1
CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 1 Range: 0.00 to 2.00 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP: 0.20 pu
CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 2: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC 2
CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 2 Range: 0.00 to 2.00 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP: 0.20 pu
CT FAIL 3V0 INPUT: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
MESSAGE
SRC 1
CT FAIL 3V0 INPUT Range: 0.00 to 2.00 pu in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PKP: 0.20 pu
CT FAIL PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 1.000 s
CT FAIL TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled 5
MESSAGE
Self-reset
CT FAIL EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The CT failure function is designed to detect problems with system current transformers used to supply current to the relay.
This logic detects the presence of a zero-sequence current at the supervised source of current without a simultaneous
zero-sequence current at another source, zero-sequence voltage, or some protection element condition.
The CT failure logic (see below) is based on the presence of the zero-sequence current in the supervised CT source and
the absence of one of three or all of the three following conditions.
1. Zero-sequence current at different source current (may be different set of CTs or different CT core of the same CT).
2. Zero-sequence voltage at the assigned source.
3. Appropriate protection element or remote signal.
The CT failure settings are described below.
• CT FAIL FUNCTION: This setting enables or disables operation of the CT failure element.
• CT FAIL BLOCK: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand to block operation of the element during some condition
(for example, an open pole in process of the single pole tripping-reclosing) when CT fail should be blocked. Local sig-
nals or remote signals representing operation of some remote current protection elements via communication chan-
nels can also be chosen.
• CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 1: This setting selects the current source for input 1. The most critical protection element should
also be assigned to the same source.
• CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 1 PICKUP: This setting selects the 3I_0 pickup value for input 1 (the main supervised CT source).
• CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 2: This setting selects the current source for input 2. Input 2 should use a different set of CTs or a
different CT core of the same CT. If 3I_0 does not exist at source 2, then a CT failure is declared.
• CT FAIL 3I0 INPUT 2 PICKUP: This setting selects the 3I_0 pickup value for input 2 (different CT input) of the relay.
• CT FAIL 3V0 INPUT: This setting selects the voltage source.

• CT FAIL 3V0 INPUT PICKUP: This setting specifies the pickup value for the 3V_0 source.
• CT FAIL PICKUP DELAY: This setting specifies the pickup delay of the CT failure element.
SETTING
CT FAIL FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
Enabled=1
SETTING
CT FAIL BLOCK:
Off=0 SETTING
SETTING SETTING CT FAIL PICKUP DELAY:

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
CT FAIL 3IO INPUT1: CT FAIL 3IO INPUT1 PKP: AND 0 CT FAIL OP
SRC1 RUN 3IO > PICKUP
CT FAIL PKP
SETTING SETTING
CT FAIL 3IO INPUT2: CT FAIL 3IO INPUT2 PKP:
SRC2 RUN 3IO > PICKUP
SETTING SETTING
OR
CT FAIL 3VO INPUT: CT FAIL 3VO INPUT:
SRC1 RUN 3VO > PICKUP 827048A6.CDR
5 Figure 5–133: CT FAILURE DETECTOR SCHEME LOGIC

f) VT FUSE FAILURE
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ MONITORING ELEMENTS ÖØ VT FUSE FAILURE 1(4)
VT FUSE FAILURE 1 VT FUSE FAILURE 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
Every signal source includes a fuse failure scheme.

The VT fuse failure detector can be used to raise an alarm and/or block elements that may operate incorrectly for a full or
partial loss of AC potential caused by one or more blown fuses. Some elements that might be blocked (via the BLOCK input)
are distance, voltage restrained overcurrent, and directional current.
There are two classes of fuse failure that may occur:
• Class A: loss of one or two phases.
• Class B: loss of all three phases.
Different means of detection are required for each class. An indication of class A failures is a significant level of negative
sequence voltage, whereas an indication of class B failures is when positive sequence current is present and there is an
insignificant amount of positive sequence voltage. These noted indications of fuse failure could also be present when faults
are present on the system, so a means of detecting faults and inhibiting fuse failure declarations during these events is pro-
vided. Once the fuse failure condition is declared, it will be sealed-in until the cause that generated it disappears.
An additional condition is introduced to inhibit a fuse failure declaration when the monitored circuit is de-energized; positive
sequence voltage and current are both below threshold levels.
The function setting enables and disables the fuse failure feature for each source.
AND
5
Reset-dominant
OR SET
FAULT
Latch
AND
RESET
SETTING
Function
Disabled = 0
Enabled = 1
AND
COMPARATORS
SOURCE 1 Run
V_2 V_2 > 0.1 pu
V_1 Run OR OR SET

I_1 V_1 < 0.05 pu FUSE
FAIL
Run AND
I_1 > 0.075 pu
Run AND
TIMER
V_1 < 0.80 pu
2 cycles
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Run AND
I_1 < 0.05 pu Latch SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP
20 cycles
SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL DPO
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SRC1 50DD OP
OPEN POLE OP
The OPEN POLE OP operand is applicable
AND
to the D60, L60, and L90 only.
RESET
OR
Reset-dominant
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL VOL LOSS
827093AM.CDR
Figure 5–134: VT FUSE FAIL SCHEME LOGIC

g) OPEN POLE DETECTOR

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ MONITORING ELEMENTS ÖØ OPEN POLE
OPEN POLE OPEN POLE FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

Disabled
OPEN POLE BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
OPEN POLE VOLTAGE Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
SUPV: Disabled
OPEN POLE CURRENT Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PKP: 0.050 pu
OPEN POLE LINE XC1: Range: 300.0 to 9999.9 ohms in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
9999.9 Ω
OPEN POLE LINE XC0: Range: 300.0 to 9999.9 ohms in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
9999.9 Ω
OPEN POLE REM CURR Range: 0.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
PKP: 0.050 pu
OPEN POLE MODE: Range: Accelerated, Traditional
MESSAGE
Accelerated
OPEN POLE DETECTION: Range: I AND V AND CBaux, I AND V only
MESSAGE
I AND V AND CBaux
5 OPEN POLE TARGET: Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-Reset
OPEN POLE EVENTS: Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The open pole detector is intended to identify an open pole of the line circuit breaker. The scheme monitors the breakers
auxiliary contacts, current in the circuit and optionally voltage on the line. The scheme generates output operands used to
block the phase selector and some specific protection elements, thus preventing maloperation during the dead time of a
single-pole autoreclose cycle or any other open pole conditions.
The scheme declares an open pole at the moment a single-pole trip is issued.
In two-breaker and breaker-and-a-half applications, an open pole condition is declared when one or more of the following
hold:
• Both breakers have an open pole on the same phase.
• The current on the line drops below a threshold.
• The current and voltage on the line drop below a threshold.
The open pole feature uses signals defined by the GROUPED ELEMENTS Ö SETTING GROUP 1(6) ÖØ DISTANCE Ö DISTANCE
SOURCE setting. Voltage supervision can be used only with wye VTs on the line side of the breaker.
The OPEN POLE CURRENT PICKUP setting establishes the current threshold below which an open pole is declared.
The OPEN POLE LINE XC1 setting specifies positive-sequence reactance of the entire line. If shunt reactors are applied, this
value should be a net capacitive reactance of the line and the reactors installed between the line breakers. The value is
entered in secondary ohms. This setting is relevant if open pole condition at the remote end of the line is to be sensed and
utilized by the relay.
The OPEN POLE LINE XC0 setting specifies zero-sequence reactance of the entire line. If shunt reactors are applied, this
value should be a net capacitive reactance of the line and the reactors installed between the line breakers. The value shall
be entered in secondary ohms. This setting is relevant if open pole condition at the remote end of the line is to be sensed
and utilized by the relay (OPEN POLE REM OP FlexLogic™ operand).

The OPEN POLE REM CURR PKP setting specifies pickup level for the remote-end current estimated by the relay as the local
current compensated by the calculated charging current. The latter is calculated based on the local voltages and the capac-
itive reactances of the line. This setting is relevant if open pole condition at the remote end of the line is to be sensed and
utilized by the relay (OPEN POLE REM OP FlexLogic™ operand).
The OPEN POLE MODE setting selects the mode of operation of the open pole function. When the “Accelerated” mode is cho-
sen, an open pole will be declared ½ cycle after trip output operation and before the breaker pole opens. This blocks dis-
tance loops involved in the faulted phase and phase selector, and arms the trip output to produce three-pole trip for the next
fault. If the fault evolves into multi-phase fault before breaker pole opens for the first fault, the remaining in-service distance
loops would initiate a three-pole trip. When the “Traditional” mode is selected, then an open pole is declared only after the
breaker opens and current disappears. If the fault evolves into a multi-phase fault before the circuit breaker pole opens for
the first fault, the phase selector will change the fault type from a single-line-to-ground fault to a multi-phase fault, thereby
initiating a three-pole trip.
The OPEN POLE DETECTION setting selects the signals used to detect an open pole condition. When “I AND V AND CBaux”
value is selected, the breaker 52 contacts and the current with optional voltage signals are used to determine open pole
conditions. For the “I AND V only” selection, only the current with optional voltage signals are used.
For convenience, the position of the breaker poles defined in the breaker control feature and available as FlexLogic™ oper-
and BREAKER 1 ΦA CLSD through BREAKER 1 ΦC CLSD and BREAKER 1 OOS are used by the open pole feature if the “I AND
V AND CBaux” detection value is selected.
For correct operation of the open pole detector, the breaker control, trip output, and single-pole autoreclose features must
be enabled and configured properly. When used in configuration with only one breaker, the BREAKER 2 FUNCTION should be
“Enabled” and the BREAKER 2 OUT OF SV setting should be “On” (refer to the Breaker Control section earlier in this chapter
for additional details).

SETTING
Function
= Enabled
to open pole logic sheet 2
= Disabled
AND ENABLED
Block
= Off
to the trip output scheme
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING OPEN POLE I< ΦA
Current Pickup OPEN POLE I< ΦB
RUN OPEN POLE I< ΦC
IA < Pickup
IB < Pickup AND
SETTING IC < Pickup
OR PHASE A
Voltage Supervision AND
= Enabled AND
= Disabled
AND CALCULATE
SETTING RUN AND
Distance Source Voltage
OR PHASE B
= IA supervision AND
= IB calculations
AND
= IC
= VAG VAG > 0.7 pu
= VBG VBG > 0.7 pu AND
= VCG VCG > 0.7 pu
OR PHASE C
AND
SETTINGS FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS AND
to the trip output scheme
Open Pole Line XC1 BREAKER 1 ФA CLSD
Open Pole Line XC0 OR FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
BREAKER 1 ФB CLSD
OPEN POLE BKR OP ΦA
BREAKER 1 ФC CLSD
Charging current OR OPEN POLE BKR OP ΦB
calculations
OPEN POLE BKR OP ΦC
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
BREAKER 1 OOS OR
BREAKER 1 CLOSED OR
Charging OR
5 current
calculatoins
BREAKER 1 OPEN POLE
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
BREAKER 2 ФA CLSD
OR
BREAKER 2 ФB CLSD
BREAKER 2 ФC CLSD
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
BREAKER 2 OOS OR
BREAKER 2 CLOSED OR
OR
SETTING BREAKER 2 OPEN POLE
Open Pole Detection
= Iand V and CBaux
= I and V only
TIMERS
SETTING 2 cycles
Open Pole Rem Current Pkp 2 cycles
RUN 2 cycles FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
IA remote < Pickup OPEN POLE REM OP ΦA
2 cycles
IB remote < Pickup OPEN POLE REM OP ΦB
2 cycles
IC remote < Pickup OPEN POLE REM OP ΦC
2 cycles
837024AC.CDR
Figure 5–135: OPEN POLE DETECTOR LOGIC (Sheet 1 of 2)

from open pole logic sheet 1

ENABLED
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
from the trip output element XOR OPEN POLE BLK N
TIMER
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0.5 cycles TIMER
TRIP PHASE A FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0 0
AND AND OPEN POLE OP ΦA
1 cycle
from open pole logic sheet 1 OR
PHASE A FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR OPEN POLE BLK AB
from the trip output element
TIMER
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0.5 cycles TIMER
TRIP PHASE B FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0 0
AND AND OPEN POLE OP ΦB
1 cycle
PHASE B FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR OPEN POLE BLK BC
from the trip output element
TIMER
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0.5 cycles TIMER
TRIP PHASE C FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0 0
AND AND OPEN POLE OP ΦC
1 cycle
PHASE C FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR OPEN POLE BLK CA
SETTING
Open Pole Mode FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
= Accelerated OR OPEN POLE OP
= Traditional
837038A1.CDR
Figure 5–136: OPEN POLE DETECTOR LOGIC (Sheet 2 of 2)

5.7.10 PILOT SCHEMES
a) PERMISSIVE OVER-REACHING TRANSFER TRIP (POTT)

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ PILOT SCHEMES ÖØ POTT SCHEME
POTT SCHEME POTT SCHEME Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
POTT PERMISSIVE Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
ECHO: Disabled
POTT RX PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.000 s
TRANS BLOCK PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.020 s
TRANS BLOCK RESET Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.090 s
ECHO DURATION: Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.100 s
ECHO LOCKOUT: Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
0.250 s
LINE END OPEN PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
DELAY: 0.050 s
5 MESSAGE
POTT SEAL-IN
DELAY: 0.400 s
Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001
GND DIR O/C FWD: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

MESSAGE
Off
POTT RX: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
POTT SCHEME TARGET: Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
MESSAGE
Self-Reset
POTT SCHEME EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
This scheme is intended for two-terminal line applications only. It uses an over-reaching zone 2 distance element to essen-
tially compare the direction to a fault at both the ends of the line. Ground directional overcurrent functions available in the
relay can be used in conjunction with the zone 2 distance element to key the scheme and initiate its operation. This pro-
vides increased coverage for high resistance faults.
For proper scheme operation, the zone 2 phase and ground distance elements must be enabled, configured, and set per
the rules of distance relaying. The line pickup element should be enabled, configured and set properly to detect line-end-
open/weak-infeed conditions. If used by this scheme, the selected ground directional overcurrent functions must be
enabled, configured, and set accordingly.
• POTT PERMISSIVE ECHO: If set to "Enabled" this setting will result in sending a permissive echo signal to the remote
end. The permissive signal is echoed back upon receiving a reliable POTT RX signal from the remote end while the
line-end-open condition is identified by the line pickup logic. The permissive echo is programmed as a one-shot logic.
The echo is sent only once and then the echo logic locks out for a settable period of time (ECHO LOCKOUT setting). The
duration of the echo pulse does not depend on the duration or shape of the received POTT RX signal but is settable as
ECHO DURATION.
• POTT RX PICKUP DELAY: This setting enables the relay to cope with spurious receive signals. The delay should be
set longer than the longest spurious TX signal that can occur simultaneously with the zone 2 pickup. The selected
delay will increase the response time of the scheme.

• TRANS BLOCK PICKUP DELAY: This setting defines a transient blocking mechanism embedded in the POTT
scheme for coping with the exposure of a ground directional overcurrent function (if used) to current reversal condi-
tions. The transient blocking mechanism applies to the ground overcurrent path only as the reach settings for the zone
2 distance functions is not expected to be long for two-terminal applications, and the security of the distance functions
is not endangered by the current reversal conditions. Upon receiving the POTT RX signal, the transient blocking mech-
anism allows the RX signal to be passed and aligned with the GND DIR O/C FWD indication only for a period of time
defined as TRANS BLOCK PICKUP DELAY. After that the ground directional overcurrent path will be virtually disabled for a
period of time specified as TRANS BLOCK RESET DELAY.
The TRANS BLOCK PICKUP DELAY should be long enough to give the selected ground directional overcurrent function
time to operate, but not longer than the fastest possible operation time of the protection system that can create current
reversal conditions within the reach of the selected ground directional overcurrent function. This setting should take
into account the POTT RX PICKUP DELAY. The POTT RX signal is shaped for aligning with the ground directional indica-
tion as follows: the original RX signal is delayed by the POTT RX PICKUP DELAY, then terminated at TRANS BLOCK PICKUP
DELAY after the pickup of the original POTT TX signal, and eventually, locked-out for TRANS BLOCK RESET DELAY.
• TRANS BLOCK RESET DELAY: This setting defines a transient blocking mechanism embedded in the POTT scheme
for coping with the exposure of a ground directional overcurrent function (if used) to current reversal conditions (see
also the TRANS BLOCK PICKUP DELAY). This delay should be selected long enough to cope with transient conditions
including not only current reversals but also spurious negative and zero-sequence currents occurring during breaker
operations. The breaker failure time of the surrounding protection systems within the reach of the ground directional
function used by the POTT scheme may be considered to make sure that the ground directional function is not jeopar-
dized during delayed breaker operations.
• ECHO DURATION: This setting defines the guaranteed and exact duration of the echo pulse. The duration does not
depend on the duration and shape of the received POTT RX signal. This setting enables the relay to avoid a permanent
lock-up of the transmit/receive loop.
• ECHO LOCKOUT: This setting defines the lockout period for the echo logic after sending the echo pulse. 5
• LINE END OPEN PICKUP DELAY: This setting defines the pickup setting for validation of the line end open conditions
as detected by the Line Pickup logic through the LINE PICKUP LEO PKP FlexLogic™ operand. The validated line end
open condition is a requirement for the POTT scheme to return a received echo signal (if the echo feature is enabled).
The value of this setting should take into account the principle of operation and settings of the line pickup element.
• POTT SEAL-IN DELAY: The output FlexLogic™ operand (POTT OP) is produced according to the POTT scheme logic.
A seal-in time delay is applied to this operand for coping with noisy communication channels. This setting specifies a
minimum guaranteed duration of the POTT OP pulse.
• GND DIR O/C FWD: This setting selectes the FlexLogic™ operand (if any) of a protection element used in addition to
zone 2 for identifying faults on the protected line, and thus, for keying the communication channel and initiating opera-
tion of the scheme. Good directional integrity is the key requirement for an over-reaching forward-looking protection
element used as GND DIR O/C FWD. Even though any FlexLogic™ operand could be used as GND DIR O/C FWD allowing
the user to combine responses of various protection elements, or to apply extra conditions through FlexLogic™ equa-
tions, this extra signal is primarily meant to be the output operand from either the negative-sequence directional over-
current or neutral directional overcurrent elements. Both of these elements have separate forward and reverse output
operands. The forward indication should be used (NEG SEQ DIR OC1 FWD or NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD). For greater security
and to overcome spurious directional element operation during transients, adding at least 0.5 cycles of pickup delay to
the forward directional element is recommended.
• POTT RX: This setting enables the user to select the FlexLogic™ operand that represents the receive signal (RX) for
the scheme. Typically an input contact interfacing with a signaling system is used. Other choices include remote inputs
and FlexLogic™ equations. The POTT transmit signal (TX) should be appropriately interfaced with the signaling sys-
tem by assigning the output FlexLogic™ operand (POTT TX) to an output contact. The remote output mechanism is
another choice.
The output operand from the scheme (POTT OP) must be configured to interface with other relay functions, output con-
tacts in particular, in order to make the scheme fully operational. Typically, the output operand should be programmed
to initiate a trip, breaker fail, and autoreclose, and drive a user-programmable LED as per user application.

SETTING
POTT SCHEME
FUNCTION:
Disabled = 0
Enabled = 1
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS AND

PH DIST Z2 PKP AND
OR
GND DIST Z2 PKP
SETTINGS
POTT SEAL-IN
DELAY: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING 0 POTT OP
OR t RST
GND DIR O/C FWD: AND
Off = 0
SETTINGS
POTT RX PICKUP
DELAY: AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
t PKP
POTT RX: AND
0
Off = 0
SETTINGS
TRANS BLOCK PICKUP AND
DELAY:
TRANS BLOCK RESET
DELAY:
t PKP
t RST
5
SETTINGS FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
LINE END OPEN PICKUP SETTINGS
DELAY: OR POTT TX
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
t PKP ECHO DURATION:
LINE PICKUP LEO PKP
0
ECHO LOCKOUT:
SETTING AND Echo duration and lockout logic
POTT PERMISSIVE ECHO:
Disabled = 0
Enabled = 1 837014A9.CDR
Figure 5–137: POTT SCHEME LOGIC

5.7.11 AUTORECLOSE
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ CONTROL ELEMENTS ÖØ AUTORECLOSE Ö AUTORECLOSE
AUTORECLOSE AR FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled

Disabled
AR MODE: Range: 1 & 3 Pole, 1 Pole, 3 Pole-A, 3 Pole-B
MESSAGE
1 & 3 Pole
AR MAX NUMBER OF Range: 1, 2, 3, 4
MESSAGE
SHOTS: 2
AR INITIATE MODE: Range: Protection AND CB, Protection Only
MESSAGE
Protection AND CB
AR BLOCK BKR1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR CLOSE TIME BKR 1: Range: 0.00 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
0.10 s
AR BKR MAN CLOSE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR BLK TIME UPON MAN Range: 0.00 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
CLS: 10.00 s
AR 1P INIT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off 5
AR 3P INIT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR 3P TD INIT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR MULTI-P FAULT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR ONE POLE OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
BKR 3 POLE OPEN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR 3-P DEAD TIME 1: Range: 0.00 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
0.50 s
MESSAGE
1.20 s
MESSAGE
2.00 s
MESSAGE
4.00 s
AR EXTEND DEAD T 1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR DEAD TIME 1 Range: 0.00 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
EXTENSION: 0.50 s
AR RESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off

AR RESET TIME: Range: 0 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01

MESSAGE
60.00 s
AR BKR CLOSED: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR PAUSE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR INCOMPLETE SEQ Range: 0 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
TIME: 5.00 s
AR BLOCK BKR2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR CLOSE TIME BKR2: Range: 0.00 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
0.10 s
AR TRANSFER 1 TO 2: Range: Yes, No
MESSAGE
No
AR TRANSFER 2 TO 1: Range: Yes, No
MESSAGE
No
AR BKR1 FAIL OPTION: Range: Continue, Lockout
MESSAGE
Continue
5 MESSAGE
AR BKR2 FAIL OPTION: Range: Continue, Lockout
Continue
AR 1-P DEAD TIME: Range: 0 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
1.00 s
AR BKR SEQUENCE: Range: 1, 2, 1&2, 1–2, 2–1
MESSAGE
1-2
AR TRANSFER TIME: Range: 0 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
4.00 s
AR BUS FLT INIT: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
AR EVENT: Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
The autoreclose scheme is intended for use on transmission lines with circuit breakers operated in both the single pole and
three pole modes, in one or two breaker arrangements. The autoreclose scheme provides four programs with different
operating cycles, depending on the fault type. Each of the four programs can be set to trigger up to four reclosing attempts.
The second, third, and fourth attempts always perform three-pole reclosing and have independent dead time delays.
When used in two breaker applications, the reclosing sequence is selectable. The reclose signal can be sent to one
selected breaker only, to both breakers simultaneously or to both breakers in sequence (one breaker first and then, after a
delay to check that the reclose was successful, to the second breaker). When reclosing in sequence, the first breaker
should reclose with either the single-pole or three-pole dead time according to the fault type and reclose mode; the second
breaker should follow the successful reclosure of the first breaker. When reclosing simultaneously, for the first shot both
breakers should reclose with either the single-pole or three-pole dead time, according to the fault type and the reclose
mode.
The signal used to initiate the autoreclose scheme is the trip output from protection. This signal can be single pole tripping
for single phase faults and three phase tripping for multi-phase faults. The autoreclose scheme has five operating states.

STATE CHARACTERISTICS
Enabled Scheme is permitted to operate
Disabled Scheme is not permitted to operate
Reset Scheme is permitted to operate and shot count is reset to 0
Reclose in progress Scheme has been initiated but the reclose cycle is not finished (successful or not)
Lockout Scheme is not permitted to operate until reset received
AR PROGRAMS:
The autorecloser provides four programs that can cause from one to four reclose attempts (shots). After the first shot, all
subsequent recloses will always be three-pole. If the maximum number of shots selected is “1” (only one reclose attempt)
and the fault is persistent, after the first reclose the scheme will go to lockout upon another Initiate signal.
For the 3-pole reclose programs (modes 3 and 4), an AR FORCE 3-P FlexLogic™ operand is set. This operand can be used
in connection with the tripping logic to cause a three-pole trip for single-phase faults.
Table 5–22: AUTORECLOSE PROGRAMS

MODE AR MODE FIRST SHOT SECOND SHOT THIRD SHOT FOURTH SHOT
SINGLE- MULTI- SINGLE- MULTI- SINGLE- MULTI- SINGLE- MULTI-
PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE
FAULT FAULT FAULT FAULT FAULT FAULT FAULT FAULT
1 1 & 3 POLE 1 POLE 3 POLE 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or
LO LO LO LO LO LO
2 1 POLE 1 POLE LO 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or
LO LO LO LO LO LO
3 3 POLE-A 3 POLE LO 3 POLE or LO 3 POLE or LO 3 POLE or LO 5
LO LO LO
4 3 POLE-B 3 POLE 3 POLE 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or 3 POLE or
LO LO LO LO LO LO
The four autoreclose modes are described below:

1. “1 & 3 Pole”: In this mode, the autorecloser starts the AR 1-P DEAD TIME timer for the first shot if the autoreclose is sin-
gle-phase initiated, the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 1 timer if the autoreclose is three-pole initiated, and the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2
timer if the autoreclose is three-phase time delay initiated. If two or more shots are enabled, the second, third, and
fourth shots are always three-pole and start the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2(4) timers.
2. “1 Pole”: In this mode, the autorecloser starts the AR 1-P DEAD TIME for the first shot if the fault is single phase. If the
fault is three-phase or a three-pole trip on the breaker occurred during the single-pole initiation, the scheme goes to
lockout without reclosing. If two or more shots are enabled, the second, third, and fourth shots are always three-pole
and start the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2(4) timers.
3. “3 Pole-A”: In this mode, the autorecloser is initiated only for single phase faults, although the trip is three pole. The
autorecloser uses the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 1 for the first shot if the fault is single phase. If the fault is multi phase the
scheme will go to Lockout without reclosing. If two or more shots are enabled, the second, third, and fourth shots are
always three-phase and start the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2(4) timers.
4. “3 Pole-B”: In this mode, the autorecloser is initiated for any type of fault and starts the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 1 for the first
shot. If the initiating signal is AR 3P TD INIT the scheme starts AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2 for the first shot. If two or more shots
are enabled, the second, third, and fourth shots are always three-phase and start the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2(4) timers.
BASIC RECLOSING OPERATION:
Reclosing operation is determined primarily by the AR MODE and AR BKR SEQUENCE settings. The reclosing sequences are
started by the initiate inputs. A reclose initiate signal will send the scheme into the reclose-in-progress (RIP) state, asserting
the AR RIP FlexLogic™ operand. The scheme is latched into the RIP state and resets only when an AR CLS BKR 1 (autore-
close breaker 1) or AR CLS BKR 2 (autoreclose breaker 2) operand is generated or the scheme goes to the Lockout state.
The dead time for the initial reclose operation will be determined by either the AR 1-P DEAD TIME, AR 3-P DEAD TIME 1, or AR
3-P DEAD TIME 2 setting, depending on the fault type and the mode selected. After the dead time interval the scheme will
assert the AR CLOSE BKR 1 or AR CLOSE BKR 2 operands, as determined by the sequence selected. These operands are
latched until the breaker closes or the scheme goes to Reset or Lockout.

There are three initiate programs: single pole initiate, three pole initiate and three pole, time delay initiate. Any of these
reclose initiate signals will start the reclose cycle and set the reclose-in-progress (AR RIP) operand. The reclose-in-progress
operand is sealed-in until the Lockout or Reset signal appears.
The three-pole initiate and three-pole time delay initiate signals are latched until the CLOSE BKR1 OR BKR2 or Lockout or
Reset signal appears.
AR PAUSE:
The pause input offers the possibility of freezing the autoreclose cycle until the pause signal disappears. This may be done
when a trip occurs and simultaneously or previously, some conditions are detected such as out-of step or loss of guard fre-
quency, or a remote transfer trip signal is received. The pause signal blocks all three dead timers. When the ‘pause’ signal
disappears the autoreclose cycle is resumed by initiating AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2.
This feature can be also used when a transformer is tapped from the protected line and a reclose is not desirable until the
transformer is removed from the line. In this case, the reclose scheme is ‘paused’ until the transformer is disconnected. The
AR PAUSE input will force a three-pole trip through the 3-P DEADTIME 2 path.
EVOLVING FAULTS:
1.25 cycles after the single pole dead time has been initiated, the AR FORCE 3P TRIP operand is set and it will be reset only
when the scheme is reset or goes to Lockout. This will ensure that when a fault on one phase evolves to include another
phase during the single pole dead time of the auto-recloser the scheme will force a 3 pole trip and reclose.
RECLOSING SCHEME OPERATION FOR ONE BREAKER:
• Permanent Fault: Consider Mode 1, which calls for 1-Pole or 3-Pole Time Delay 1 for the first reclosure and 3-Pole
Time Delay 2 for the second reclosure, and assume a permanent fault on the line. Also assume the scheme is in the
Reset state. For the first single-phase fault the AR 1-P DEAD TIME timer will be started, while for the first multi-phase fault
the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 1 timer will be started. If the AR 3P TD INIT signal is high, the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2 will be started for
5 the first shot.
If AR MAX NO OF SHOTS is set to “1”, upon the first reclose the shot counter is set to 1. Upon reclosing, the fault is again
detected by protection and reclose is initiated. The breaker is tripped three-pole through the AR SHOT COUNT >0 oper-
and that will set the AR FORCE 3P operand. Because the shot counter has reached the maximum number of shots per-
mitted the scheme is sent to the Lockout state.
If AR MAX NO OF SHOTS is set to “2”, upon the first reclose the shot counter is set to 1. Upon reclosing, the fault is again
detected by protection and reclose is initiated. The breaker is tripped three-pole through the AR SHOT COUNT >0 oper-
and that will set the AR FORCE 3P operand. After the second reclose the shot counter is set to 2. Upon reclosing, the
fault is again detected by protection, the breaker is tripped three-pole, and reclose is initiated again. Because the shot
counter has reached the maximum number of shots permitted the scheme is sent to the lockout state.
• Transient Fault: When a reclose output signal is sent to close the breaker the reset timer is started. If the reclosure
sequence is successful (there is no initiating signal and the breaker is closed) the reset timer will time out returning the
scheme to the reset state with the shot counter set to "0" making it ready for a new reclose cycle.
RECLOSING SCHEME OPERATION FOR TWO BREAKERS:
• Permanent Fault: The general method of operation is the same as that outlined for the one breaker applications
except for the following description, which assumes AR BKR SEQUENCE is “1-2” (reclose Breaker 1 before Breaker 2)
The signal output from the dead time timers passes through the breaker selection logic to initiate reclosing of Breaker
1. The Close Breaker 1 signal will initiate the Transfer Timer. After the reclose of the first breaker the fault is again
detected by the protection, the breaker is tripped three pole and the autoreclose scheme is initiated. The Initiate signal
will stop the transfer timer. After the 3-P dead time times out the Close Breaker 1 signal will close first breaker again
and will start the transfer timer. Since the fault is permanent the protection will trip again initiating the autoreclose
scheme that will be sent to Lockout by the SHOT COUNT = MAX signal.
• Transient Fault: When the first reclose output signal is sent to close Breaker 1, the reset timer is started. The close
Breaker 1 signal initiates the transfer timer that times out and sends the close signal to the second breaker. If the reclo-
sure sequence is successful (both breakers closed and there is no initiating signal) the reset timer will time out, return-
ing the scheme to the reset state with the shot counter set to 0. The scheme will be ready for a new reclose cycle.

AR BKR1(2) RECLS FAIL:

If the selected sequence is “1–2” or “2–1” and after the first or second reclose attempt the breaker fails to close, there are
two options. If the AR BKR 1(2) FAIL OPTION is set to “Lockout”, the scheme will go to lockout state. If the AR BKR 1(2) FAIL
OPTION is set to “Continue”, the reclose process will continue with Breaker 2. At the same time the shot counter will be
decreased (since the closing process was not completed).
SCHEME RESET AFTER RECLOSURE:
When a reclose output signal is sent to close either breaker 1 or 2 the reset timer is started. If the reclosure sequence is
successful (there is no initiating signal and the breakers are closed) the reset timer will time out, returning the scheme to
the reset state, with the shot counter set to 0, making it ready for a new reclose cycle.
In two breaker schemes, if one breaker is in the out-of-service state and the other is closed at the end of the reset time, the
scheme will also reset. If at the end of the reset time at least one breaker, which is not in the out-of-service state, is open
the scheme will be sent to Lockout.
The reset timer is stopped if the reclosure sequence is not successful: an initiating signal present or the scheme is in Lock-
out state. The reset timer is also stopped if the breaker is manually closed or the scheme is otherwise reset from lockout.
LOCKOUT:
When a reclose sequence is started by an initiate signal the scheme moves into the reclose-in-progress state and starts the
incomplete sequence timer. The setting of this timer determines the maximum time interval allowed for a single reclose
shot. If a close breaker 1 or 2 signal is not present before this time expires, the scheme goes to “Lockout”.
There are four other conditions that can take the scheme to the Lockout state, as shown below:
• Receipt of ‘Block’ input while in the reclose-in-progress state
• The reclosing program logic: when a 3P Initiate is present and the autoreclose mode is either 1 Pole or 3Pole-A (3 pole
autoreclose for single pole faults only) 5
• Initiation of the scheme when the count is at the maximum allowed
• If at the end of the reset time at least one breaker, which is not in the out-of-service state, is open the scheme will be
sent to Lockout. The scheme will be also sent to Lockout if one breaker fails to reclose and the setting AR BKR FAIL
OPTION is set to “Lockout”.
Once the Lockout state is set it will be latched until one or more of the following occurs:
• The scheme is intentionally reset from Lockout, employing the Reset setting of the Autorecloser;
• The Breaker(s) is(are) manually closed from panel switch, SCADA or other remote control through the AR BRK MAN
CLOSE setting;
• 10 seconds after breaker control detects that breaker(s) were closed.
BREAKER OPEN BEFORE FAULT:
A logic circuit is provided that inhibits the close breaker 1 and close breaker 2 outputs if a reclose initiate (RIP) indicator is
not present within 30 ms of the Breaker Any Phase Open input. This feature is intended to prevent reclosing if one of the
breakers was open in advance of a reclose initiate input to the recloser. This logic circuit resets when the breaker is closed.
TRANSFER RECLOSE WHEN BREAKER IS BLOCKED:
1. When the reclosing sequence 1-2 is selected and Breaker 1 is blocked (AR BKR1 BLK operand is set) the reclose signal
can be transferred direct to the Breaker 2 if AR TRANSFER 1 TO 2 is set to “Yes”. If set to “No”, the scheme will be sent to
Lockout by the incomplete sequence timer.
2. When the reclosing sequence 2-1 is selected and Breaker 2 is blocked (AR BKR2 BLK operand is set) the reclose signal
can be transferred direct to the Breaker 1 if AR TRANSFER 2 TO 1 is set to “Yes”. If set to “No” the scheme will be sent to
Lockout by the incomplete sequence timer.
FORCE 3-POLE TRIPPING:
The reclosing scheme contains logic that is used to signal trip logic that three-pole tripping is required for certain conditions.
This signal is activated by any of the following:
• Autoreclose scheme is paused after it was initiated.
• Autoreclose scheme is in the lockout state.

• Autoreclose mode is programmed for three-pole operation

• The shot counter is not at 0; that is, the scheme is not in the reset state. This ensures a second trip will be three-pole
when reclosing onto a permanent single phase fault.
• 1.25 cycles after the single-pole reclose is initiated by the AR 1P INIT signal.
ZONE 1 EXTENT:
The zone 1 extension philosophy here is to apply an overreaching zone permanently as long as the relay is ready to
reclose, and reduce the reach when reclosing. Another zone 1 extension approach is to operate normally from an under-
reaching zone, and use an overreaching distance zone when reclosing the line with the other line end open. This philoso-
phy could be programmed via the line pickup scheme.
The “Extended Zone 1" is 0 when autoreclose is in lockout or disabled and 1 when autoreclose is in reset.
1. When "Extended Zone 1" is 0, the distance functions shall be set to normal underreach Zone 1 setting.
2. When "Extended Zone 1" is 1, the distance functions may be set to Extended Zone 1 Reach, which is an overreaching
setting.
3. During a reclose cycle, "Extended Zone 1" goes to 0 as soon as the first CLOSE BREAKER signal is issued (AR SHOT
COUNT > 0) and remains 0 until the recloser goes back to reset.
USE OF SETTINGS:
The single-phase autoreclose settings are described below.
• AR MODE: This setting selects the Autoreclose operating mode, which functions in conjunction with signals received
at the initiation inputs as described previously.
• AR MAX NUMBER OF SHOTS: This setting specifies the number of reclosures that can be attempted before reclo-
5 sure goes to lockout when the fault is permanent.
• AR INITIATE MODE: This setting selects the autoreclose initiation mode. When selected as “Protection AND CB”, the
autoreclose element will be initiated by protection operation and will begin incrementing the autoreclose dead time
timer when a circuit breaker is open. Breaker status is determined from breaker auxiliary contacts which should be cor-
rectly configured in breaker settings. In “Protection only” initiation mode, the autoreclose element will be initiated by
protection operation and will begin incrementing the dead time when protection resets, without the need of breaker
auxiliary contacts.
• AR BLOCK BKR1: This input selects an operand that will block the reclose command for breaker 1. This condition can
be for example: breaker low air pressure, reclose in progress on another line (for the central breaker in a breaker and
a half arrangement), or a sum of conditions combined in FlexLogic™.
• AR CLOSE TIME BKR1:This setting represents the closing time for the breaker 1 from the moment the “Close” com-
mand is sent to the moment the contacts are closed.
• AR BKR MAN CLOSE: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand that represents manual close command to a
breaker associated with the autoreclose scheme.
• AR BLK TIME UPON MAN CLS: The autoreclose scheme can be disabled for a programmable time delay after an
associated circuit breaker is manually commanded to close, preventing reclosing onto an existing fault such as
grounds on the line. This delay must be longer than the slowest expected trip from any protection not blocked after
manual closing. If the autoreclose scheme is not initiated after a manual close and this time expires the autoreclose
scheme is set to the reset state.
• AR 1P INIT: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand that is intended to initiate single-pole autoreclosure.
• AR 3P INIT: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand that is intended to initiate three-pole autoreclosure, first timer
(AR 3P DEAD TIME 1) that can be used for a high-speed autoreclosure.
• AR 3P TD INIT: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand intended to initiate three-pole autoreclosure. second timer
(AR 3P DEAD TIME 2) can be used for a time-delay autoreclosure.
• AR MULTI-P FAULT: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand that indicates a multi-phase fault. The operand value
should be zero for single-phase to ground faults.
• BKR ONE POLE OPEN: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand which indicates that the breaker has opened cor-
rectly following a single phase to ground fault and the autoreclose scheme can start timing the single pole dead time
(for 1-2 reclose sequence for example, breaker 1 should trip single pole and breaker 2 should trip 3 pole).

The scheme has a pre-wired input that indicates breaker status.

• BKR 3 POLE OPEN: This setting selects a FlexLogic™ operand which indicates that the breaker has opened three
pole and the autoreclose scheme can start timing the three pole dead time. The scheme has a pre-wired input that indi-
cates breaker status.
• AR 3-P DEAD TIME 1: This is the dead time following the first three pole trip. This intentional delay can be used for a
high-speed three-pole autoreclose. However, it should be set longer than the estimated de-ionizing time following the
three-pole trip.
• AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2: This is the dead time following the second three-pole trip or initiated by the AR 3P TD INIT input.
This intentional delay is typically used for a time delayed three-pole autoreclose (as opposed to high speed three-pole
autoreclose).
• AR 3-P DEAD TIME 3: This setting represents the dead time following the third three-pole trip.
• AR 3-P DEAD TIME 4: This setting represents the dead time following the third three-pole trip.
• AR EXTEND DEAD T 1: This setting selects an operand that will adapt the duration of the dead time for the first shot
to the possibility of non-simultaneous tripping at the two line ends. Typically this is the operand set when the communi-
cation channel is out of service
• AR DEAD TIME 1 EXTENSION: This timer is used to set the length of the dead time 1 extension for possible non-
simultaneous tripping of the two ends of the line.
• AR RESET: This setting selects the operand that forces the autoreclose scheme from any state to reset. Typically this
is a manual reset from lockout, local or remote.
• AR RESET TIME: A reset timer output resets the recloser following a successful reclosure sequence. The setting is
based on the breaker time which is the minimum time required between successive reclose sequences.
• AR BKR CLOSED: This setting selects an operand that indicates that the breakers are closed at the end of the reset
time and the scheme can reset.
5
• AR BLOCK: This setting selects the operand that blocks the autoreclose scheme (it can be a sum of conditions such
as: time delayed tripping, breaker failure, bus differential protection, etc.). If the block signal is present before autore-
close scheme initiation the AR DISABLED FlexLogic™ operand will be set. If the block signal occurs when the scheme
is in the RIP state the scheme will be sent to lockout.
• AR PAUSE: The pause input offers the ability to freeze the autoreclose cycle until the pause signal disappears. This
may be done when a trip occurs and simultaneously or previously, some conditions are detected such as out-of step or
loss of guard frequency, or a remote transfer trip signal is received. When the pause signal disappears the autoreclose
cycle is resumed. This feature can also be used when a transformer is tapped from the protected line and a reclose is
not desirable until the it is disconnected from the line. In this situation, the reclose scheme is paused until the trans-
former is disconnected.
• AR INCOMPLETE SEQ TIME: This timer is used to set the maximum time interval allowed for a single reclose shot. It
is started whenever a reclosure is initiated and is active until the CLOSE BKR1 or CLOSE BKR2 signal is sent. If all con-
ditions allowing a breaker closure are not satisfied when this time expires, the scheme goes to “Lockout”. The mini-
mum permissible setting is established by the AR 3-P DEAD TIME 2 timer setting. Settings beyond this will determine the
wait time for the breaker to open so that the reclose cycle can continue and/or for the AR PAUSE signal to reset and
allow the reclose cycle to continue and/or for the AR BKR1 BLK signal to disappear and allow the AR CLOSE BKR1 signal
to be sent.
• AR BLOCK BKR2: This input selects an operand that will block the reclose command for breaker 2. This condition can
be for example: breaker low air pressure, reclose in progress on another line (for the central breaker in a breaker and
a half arrangement), or a sum of conditions combined in FlexLogic™.
• AR CLOSE TIME BKR2: This setting represents the closing time for the breaker 2 from the moment the ‘Close’ com-
mand is sent to the moment the contacts are closed.
• AR TRANSFER 1 TO 2: This setting establishes how the scheme performs when the breaker closing sequence is 1-2
and breaker 1 is blocked. When set to “Yes” the closing command will be transferred direct to breaker 2 without waiting
the transfer time. When set to “No” the closing command will be blocked by the AR BKR1 BLK signal and the scheme
will be sent to lockout by the incomplete sequence timer.
• AR TRANSFER 2 TO 1: This setting establishes how the scheme performs when the breaker closing sequence is 2-1
and breaker 2 is blocked. When set to “Yes” the closing command will be transferred direct to breaker 1 without waiting

the transfer time. When set to “No”, the closing command will be blocked by the AR BKR2 BLK signal and the scheme
will be sent to lockout by the incomplete sequence timer.
• AR BKR1 FAIL OPTION: This setting establishes how the scheme performs when the breaker closing sequence is 1-
2 and Breaker 1 has failed to close. When set to “Continue” the closing command will be transferred to breaker 2 which
will continue the reclosing cycle until successful (the scheme will reset) or unsuccessful (the scheme will go to Lock-
out). When set to “Lockout” the scheme will go to lockout without attempting to reclose breaker 2.
• AR BKR2 FAIL OPTION: This setting establishes how the scheme performs when the breaker closing sequence is 2-
1 and Breaker 2 has failed to close. When set to “Continue” the closing command will be transferred to breaker 1 which
will continue the reclosing cycle until successful (the scheme will reset) or unsuccessful (the scheme will go to Lock-
out). When set to “Lockout” the scheme will go to lockout without attempting to reclose breaker 1.
• AR 1-P DEAD TIME: Set this intentional delay longer than the estimated de-ionizing time after the first single-pole trip.
• AR BREAKER SEQUENCE: This setting selects the breakers reclose sequence: Select “1” for reclose breaker 1 only,
“2” for reclose breaker 2 only, “1&2” for reclose both breakers simultaneously, “1-2” for reclose breakers sequentially;
Breaker 1 first, and “2-1” for reclose breakers sequentially; Breaker 2 first.
• AR TRANSFER TIME: The transfer time is used only for breaker closing sequence 1-2 or 2-1, when the two breakers
are reclosed sequentially. The transfer timer is initiated by a close signal to the first breaker. The transfer timer trans-
fers the reclose signal from the breaker selected to close first to the second breaker. The time delay setting is based on
the maximum time interval between the autoreclose signal and the protection trip contact closure assuming a perma-
nent fault (unsuccessful reclose). Therefore, the minimum setting is equal to the maximum breaker closing time plus
the maximum line protection operating time plus a suitable margin. This setting will prevent the autoreclose scheme
from transferring the close signal to the second breaker unless a successful reclose of the first breaker occurs.
• AR BUS FLT INIT: This setting is used in breaker-and-a-half applications to allow the autoreclose control function to
perform reclosing with only one breaker previously opened by bus protection. For line faults, both breakers must open
5 for the autoreclose reclosing cycles to take effect.

SETTING
S TIMER
Function
Enabled = 1 Latch EVOLVING FAULT
Block 0
R
Off = 0 1.25 cycles FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AR ENABLED
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND OR AR DISABLED
LINE PICKUP OP
AND AND
AR INITIATE
SETTING
SETTING
Breaker Manual Close S
Blk Time Upon Man Cls FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Off = 0
0 Latch AR RIP
from autoreclose logic sheet 3 OR AND R
BKR MANUAL CLOSE
Lockout FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SETTING OR
AR 1-P RIP
1-P Init AR 3-P/1 RIP
Off = 0
AND
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING
TRIP 1 POLE OR
1-P Dead Time 1 SETTINGS
Extend Dead T1 AND
SETTING
AND Off = 0
3-P Init 0 Dead T1 Extension OR
Off = 0
AND S
OR Latch SETTING OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND 0
OR 3-P Dead Time 1
TRIP AR INIT 3 POLE R
OR AND
SETTING 0
3-P TD Init AND
Off = 0
SETTING
Bkr 1 Pole Open AND SETTING
from autoreclose logic sheet 2 OR
Off = 0 3-P Dead Time 2 OR CLOSE
SHOT COUNT = 1
from autoreclose logic sheet 3 OR
AND
AND 0
BKR ONE POLE OPEN
OR
S OR
SETTING
Bkr 3 Pole Open
Off = 0
AND
AND OR
OR
OR R
Latch SETTING
3-P Dead Time 3 5
from autoreclose logic sheet 3 OR from sheet 2 AND
0
BKR 3 POLE OPEN SHOT COUNT = 2
SETTING
SETTING
OR 3-P Dead Time 4
AR Initiate Mode
= Protection and CB OR S
AND
Latch AND 0
from autoreclose logic sheet 2
OR R
RESET FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
CLOSE BKR1 OR BKR2 OR AR 3P/2 RIP
AND
AR 3P/3 RIP
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND AR 3P/4 RIP
from sheet 2
AR SHOT COUNT > 0
SHOT COUNT = 3
SETTING
Pause from autoreclose logic sheet 2
Off = 0 BKR FAIL TO RECLS
from autoreclose logic sheet 2

AND
SHOT COUNT = MAX
AND
SETTING
Mode
AND SETTING
1 Pole AND
Inc Seq Time FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
3 Pole-A OR
OR
3 Pole-B OR AR LO
AND
0
OR
AND
TIMER
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0
PHASE SELECT MULTI-P AND
5 ms
SETTING OR
Multi P Fault AND
Off = 0 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AR INCOMPLETE SEQ
OR AR FORCE 3P TRIP
RESET
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND AND

AND TIMER FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
OPEN POLE OP
10 s OR AR ZONE 1 EXTENT
OR OR
from autoreclose logic sheet 3 0
BKR CLOSED
SETTING
Reset
Off = 0
PROTECTION & CB
EVOLVING FAULT
AR DISABLED 827089AR.CDR
Figure 5–138: SINGLE-POLE AUTORECLOSE LOGIC (Sheet 1 of 3)

5
5-258
30 ms to autoreclose
BKR1 MNL OPEN
TIMER logic sheet 3
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BREAKER 1 OPEN AND
AND OR 0
SETTING FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Block Bkr1 AR BKR 1 BLK
Off = 0 OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BREAKER 1 OOS
SETTING AND
From sheet 1 Close Time Bkr1 AND SETTING
Close Time Bkr1
PROTECTION & CB 150 ms
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
2 ms
SETTING OPEN POLE OP OR 2 ms
AND
Transfer 1 to 2
No = 0
SETTING AND S
Bkr1 Fail Option AND FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

Continue = 0 Latch AR CLOSE BKR 1
To sheet 3
AND OR R
SETTING LOCKOUT
ACTUAL VALUES
Bkr Sequence
AR SHOT COUNT: 4
=1 OR FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Lockout AR SHOT COUNT: 3
=2 BREAKER 1 CLOSED
AND AR SHOT COUNT: 2
AND
=1&2 OR
AR SHOT COUNT: 1
=1–2
AR SHOT COUNT: 0
=2–1 SETTING
OR Max Number of Shots FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND OR =4 AR SHOT CNT = 4
AND
Increment FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AR RIP shout count =3 AR SHOT CNT = 3
OR AR SHOT CNT > 0
OR =2 AR SHOT CNT = 2
AND Decrement AR SHOT CNT = 1
OR
=1
OR shout count
=0
Reset count = maximum SHOT COUNT = MAX
CLOSE BKR 1 OR 2
from sheet 1 OR SETTING

AND S to autoreclose
AR INITIATE Transfer Time to Lockout
logic sheet 1
OR BKR FAIL TO RECLS
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND Latch
0
AR LO AND OR
OR R
AND
from sheet 1 SETTING
CLOSE Close Time Bkr2 AND
150 ms
AND
Lockout FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
2 ms
SETTING AND OPEN POLE OP OR
Transfer 2 to 1
AND
No = 0
AND
S
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETTING

Latch AR CLOSE BKR 2
Bkr2 Fail Option
Continue = 0 AND LOCKOUT OR R
SETTING
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND FLEXLOGIC OPERAND FLEXLOGIC OPERAND AND
AND Close Time Bkr2
BREAKER 2 OOS FLEXLOGIC OPERAND AR BKR 2 BLK BREAKER 2 CLOSED
OPEN POLE OP AND
SETTING 2 ms
Block Bkr2
from sheet 3
Off = 0 OR
BKR CLOSED OR
30 ms
to autoreclose
TIMER AND RESET
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND logic sheet 1

BREAKER 2 OPEN SETTING
AND
AND 0 Reset Time
OR AND
SETTING OR
AND 0
Bkr Closed FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Off = 0 OR AR RESET
from sheet 1
RESET
to autoreclose
BKR2 MNL OPEN
logic sheet 3
827090AC.CDR
5 SETTINGS
GE Multilin
BKR 1 MNL OPEN

From sheet 2 }
}
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND OR
From BREAKER 1 OOS

Breaker Control
scheme FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BREAKER 2 OOS
OR
}
BKR 2 MNL OPEN
1
2
From sheet 2 1&2
1-2
2-1
OR
}
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BREAKER 1 MNL CLS
BKR MANUAL CLOSE

OR
(To sheet 1)
OR
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BREAKER 2 MNL CLS
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
BREAKER 1 CLOSED
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
BREAKER 2 CLOSED
AND
BKR CLOSED
5
OR (To sheet 1 and 2)
OR
From
Breaker Control
scheme
AND
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
BREAKER 1 OPEN
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
BREAKER 2 OPEN
OR BKR 3 POLE OPEN
(To sheet 1)
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND AND
BUS-FLT INIT
OR AND
OFF = 0
AND
AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
BREAKER 1 ONE P OPEN
OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND
BREAKER 2 ONE P OPEN
OR AND BKR ONE POLE OPEN

OR (To sheet 1)
OR
OR
AND
OR
AND
827833AA.CDR

5
5-260
1ST SHOT 2ND SHOT
F R
A T PROT E
T
U R T TRIP BKR S
L I T PROT RESET E
T P T
PREFAULT
AR 1P INIT
AR RIP
1-P DEAD TIME
AR 1-P RIP
1.25 cycle
AR FORCE 3P TRIP
CLOSE
AR CLOSE BKR1
T CLOSE BKR1 T CLOSE BKR1
AR RESET TIME
RESET TIME
AR SHOT COUNT > 0
BREAKER 1 CLOSED
T TRIP BKR T PROT RESET
T PROT
AR 3P INIT
3-P/2 DEAD TIME

AR 3P/2 RIP
BREAKER 2 CLOSED
Figure 5–141: EXAMPLE RECLOSING SEQUENCE

AR CLOSE BKR2
T CLOSE BKR2
TRANSFER TIME
AR TRANSFER TIME
AR INCOMPLETE SEQ. TIME

842703A4.CDR
5 SETTINGS
GE Multilin
5 SETTINGS 5.8 INPUTS/OUTPUTS
5.8INPUTS/OUTPUTS 5.8.1 CONTACT INPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS Ö CONTACT INPUTS
CONTACT INPUTS

CONTACT INPUT H5a

CONTACT INPUT H5a ID: Range: up to 12 alphanumeric characters

MESSAGE
Cont Ip 1
CONTACT INPUT H5a Range: 0.0 to 16.0 ms in steps of 0.5

MESSAGE
DEBNCE TIME: 2.0 ms
CONTACT INPUT H5a Range: Disabled, Enabled

MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
↓
CONTACT INPUT xxx

CONTACT INPUT
THRESHOLDS
Ips H5a,H5c,H6a,H6c Range: 17, 33, 84, 166 Vdc

MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 33 Vdc
Range: 17, 33, 84, 166 Vdc
5
Ips H7a,H7c,H8a,H8c
MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 33 Vdc
↓
Ips xxx,xxx,xxx,xxx Range: 17, 33, 84, 166 Vdc

MESSAGE
THRESHOLD: 33 Vdc
The contact inputs menu contains configuration settings for each contact input as well as voltage thresholds for each group
of four contact inputs. Upon startup, the relay processor determines (from an assessment of the installed modules) which
contact inputs are available and then display settings for only those inputs.
An alphanumeric ID may be assigned to a contact input for diagnostic, setting, and event recording purposes. The CON-
TACT IP X On” (Logic 1) FlexLogic™ operand corresponds to contact input “X” being closed, while CONTACT IP X Off corre-
sponds to contact input “X” being open. The CONTACT INPUT DEBNCE TIME defines the time required for the contact to
overcome ‘contact bouncing’ conditions. As this time differs for different contact types and manufacturers, set it as a maxi-
mum contact debounce time (per manufacturer specifications) plus some margin to ensure proper operation. If CONTACT
INPUT EVENTS is set to “Enabled”, every change in the contact input state will trigger an event.
A raw status is scanned for all Contact Inputs synchronously at the constant rate of 0.5 ms as shown in the figure below.
The DC input voltage is compared to a user-settable threshold. A new contact input state must be maintained for a user-
settable debounce time in order for the L90 to validate the new contact state. In the figure below, the debounce time is set
at 2.5 ms; thus the 6th sample in a row validates the change of state (mark no. 1 in the diagram). Once validated (de-
bounced), the contact input asserts a corresponding FlexLogic™ operand and logs an event as per user setting.
A time stamp of the first sample in the sequence that validates the new state is used when logging the change of the con-
tact input into the Event Recorder (mark no. 2 in the diagram).
Protection and control elements, as well as FlexLogic™ equations and timers, are executed eight times in a power system
cycle. The protection pass duration is controlled by the frequency tracking mechanism. The FlexLogic™ operand reflecting
the debounced state of the contact is updated at the protection pass following the validation (marks no. 3 and 4 on the fig-
ure below). The update is performed at the beginning of the protection pass so all protection and control functions, as well
as FlexLogic™ equations, are fed with the updated states of the contact inputs.

5.8 INPUTS/OUTPUTS 5 SETTINGS
The FlexLogic™ operand response time to the contact input change is equal to the debounce time setting plus up to one
protection pass (variable and depending on system frequency if frequency tracking enabled). If the change of state occurs
just after a protection pass, the recognition is delayed until the subsequent protection pass; that is, by the entire duration of
the protection pass. If the change occurs just prior to a protection pass, the state is recognized immediately. Statistically a
delay of half the protection pass is expected. Owing to the 0.5 ms scan rate, the time resolution for the input contact is
below 1msec.
For example, 8 protection passes per cycle on a 60 Hz system correspond to a protection pass every 2.1 ms. With a con-
tact debounce time setting of 3.0 ms, the FlexLogic™ operand-assert time limits are: 3.0 + 0.0 = 3.0 ms and 3.0 + 2.1 = 5.1
ms. These time limits depend on how soon the protection pass runs after the debouncing time.
Regardless of the contact debounce time setting, the contact input event is time-stamped with a 1 μs accuracy using the
time of the first scan corresponding to the new state (mark no. 2 below). Therefore, the time stamp reflects a change in the
DC voltage across the contact input terminals that was not accidental as it was subsequently validated using the debounce
timer. Keep in mind that the associated FlexLogic™ operand is asserted/de-asserted later, after validating the change.
The debounce algorithm is symmetrical: the same procedure and debounce time are used to filter the LOW-HIGH (marks
no.1, 2, 3, and 4 in the figure below) and HIGH-LOW (marks no. 5, 6, 7, and 8 below) transitions.
VOLTAGE
INPUT
USER-PROGRAMMABLE THRESHOLD
6
2 1 3 5
Time stamp of the first
TM
Time stamp of the first At this time, the The FlexLogic
5
scan corresponding to the
At this time, the new
scan corresponding to new (HIGH) operand is going to new validated state is
(LOW) contact state is
the new validated state is contact state is be asserted at this logged in the SOE record
validated
logged in the SOE record validated protection pass
7
RAW CONTACT
The FlexLogicTM
operand is going to be
STATE
de-asserted at this
protection pass
DEBOUNCE TIME
(user setting)
4
The FlexLogicTM operand
DEBOUNCE TIME
The FlexLogicTM operand changes reflecting the
SCAN TIME (user setting)
changes reflecting the validated contact state
FLEXLOGICTM
(0.5 msec) validated contact state

OPERAND
PROTECTION PASS
(8 times a cycle controlled by the
frequency tracking mechanism)
842709A1.cdr
Figure 5–142: INPUT CONTACT DEBOUNCING MECHANISM AND TIME-STAMPING SAMPLE TIMING
Contact inputs are isolated in groups of four to allow connection of wet contacts from different voltage sources for each
group. The CONTACT INPUT THRESHOLDS determine the minimum voltage required to detect a closed contact input. This
value should be selected according to the following criteria: 17 for 24 V sources, 33 for 48 V sources, 84 for 110 to 125 V
sources and 166 for 250 V sources.
For example, to use contact input H5a as a status input from the breaker 52b contact to seal-in the trip relay and record it in
the Event Records menu, make the following settings changes:
CONTACT INPUT H5A ID: "Breaker Closed (52b)"
CONTACT INPUT H5A EVENTS: "Enabled"
Note that the 52b contact is closed when the breaker is open and open when the breaker is closed.

5.8.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ VIRTUAL INPUTS Ö VIRTUAL INPUT 1(64)
VIRTUAL INPUT 1 VIRTUAL INPUT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
VIRTUAL INPUT 1 ID: Range: Up to 12 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
Virt Ip 1
VIRTUAL INPUT 1 Range: Self-Reset, Latched
MESSAGE
TYPE: Latched
VIRTUAL INPUT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
There are 64 virtual inputs that can be individually programmed to respond to input signals from the keypad (via the COM-
MANDS menu) and communications protocols. All virtual input operands are defaulted to “Off” (logic 0) unless the appropri-
ate input signal is received.
If the VIRTUAL INPUT x FUNCTION is to “Disabled”, the input will be forced to off (logic 0) regardless of any attempt to alter the
input. If set to “Enabled”, the input operates as shown on the logic diagram and generates output FlexLogic™ operands in
response to received input signals and the applied settings.
There are two types of operation: self-reset and latched. If VIRTUAL INPUT x TYPE is “Self-Reset”, when the input signal tran-
sits from off to on, the output operand will be set to on for only one evaluation of the FlexLogic™ equations and then return
to off. If set to “Latched”, the virtual input sets the state of the output operand to the same state as the most recent received
input.
The self-reset operating mode generates the output operand for a single evaluation of the FlexLogic™ 5
equations. If the operand is to be used anywhere other than internally in a FlexLogic™ equation, it will
NOTE
likely have to be lengthened in time. A FlexLogic™ timer with a delayed reset can perform this function.
SETTING
VIRTUAL INPUT 1
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
Enabled=1 S
AND
Latch
“Virtual Input 1 to ON = 1”
SETTING
“Virtual Input 1 to OFF = 0” R VIRTUAL INPUT 1 ID:
AND
SETTING (Flexlogic Operand)
OR
Virt Ip 1
VIRTUAL INPUT 1
TYPE:
Latched AND
Self - Reset 827080A2.CDR
Figure 5–143: VIRTUAL INPUTS SCHEME LOGIC

5.8.3 CONTACT OUTPUTS
a) DIGITAL OUTPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS Ö CONTACT OUTPUT H1
CONTACT OUTPUT H1 CONTACT OUTPUT H1 ID Range: Up to 12 alphanumeric characters

Cont Op 1
OUTPUT H1 OPERATE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
OUTPUT H1 SEAL-IN: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
CONTACT OUTPUT H1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Enabled
Upon startup of the relay, the main processor will determine from an assessment of the modules installed in the chassis
which contact outputs are available and present the settings for only these outputs.
An ID may be assigned to each contact output. The signal that can OPERATE a contact output may be any FlexLogic™
operand (virtual output, element state, contact input, or virtual input). An additional FlexLogic™ operand may be used to
SEAL-IN the relay. Any change of state of a contact output can be logged as an Event if programmed to do so.
For example, the trip circuit current is monitored by providing a current threshold detector in series with some Form-A con-
tacts (see the trip circuit example in the Digital elements section). The monitor will set a flag (see the specifications for
Form-A). The name of the FlexLogic™ operand set by the monitor, consists of the output relay designation, followed by the
name of the flag; for example, CONT OP 1 ION.
5 In most breaker control circuits, the trip coil is connected in series with a breaker auxiliary contact used to interrupt current
flow after the breaker has tripped, to prevent damage to the less robust initiating contact. This can be done by monitoring
an auxiliary contact on the breaker which opens when the breaker has tripped, but this scheme is subject to incorrect oper-
ation caused by differences in timing between breaker auxiliary contact change-of-state and interruption of current in the
trip circuit. The most dependable protection of the initiating contact is provided by directly measuring current in the tripping
circuit, and using this parameter to control resetting of the initiating relay. This scheme is often called trip seal-in.
This can be realized in the L90 using the CONT OP 1 ION FlexLogic™ operand to seal-in the contact output as follows:
CONTACT OUTPUT H1 ID: “Cont Op 1"
OUTPUT H1 OPERATE: any suitable FlexLogic™ operand
OUTPUT H1 SEAL-IN: “Cont Op 1 IOn”
CONTACT OUTPUT H1 EVENTS: “Enabled”
b) LATCHING OUTPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS Ö CONTACT OUTPUT H1a
CONTACT OUTPUT H1a OUTPUT H1a ID Range: Up to 12 alphanumeric characters

L-Cont Op 1
OUTPUT H1a OPERATE: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
OUTPUT H1a RESET: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
OUTPUT H1a TYPE: Range: Operate-dominant, Reset-dominant
MESSAGE
Operate-dominant
OUTPUT H1a EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled

The L90 latching output contacts are mechanically bi-stable and controlled by two separate (open and close) coils. As such
they retain their position even if the relay is not powered up. The relay recognizes all latching output contact cards and pop-
ulates the setting menu accordingly. On power up, the relay reads positions of the latching contacts from the hardware
before executing any other functions of the relay (such as protection and control features or FlexLogic™).
The latching output modules, either as a part of the relay or as individual modules, are shipped from the factory with all
latching contacts opened. It is highly recommended to double-check the programming and positions of the latching con-
tacts when replacing a module.
Since the relay asserts the output contact and reads back its position, it is possible to incorporate self-monitoring capabili-
ties for the latching outputs. If any latching outputs exhibits a discrepancy, the LATCHING OUTPUT ERROR self-test error is
declared. The error is signaled by the LATCHING OUT ERROR FlexLogic™ operand, event, and target message.
• OUTPUT H1a OPERATE: This setting specifies a FlexLogic™ operand to operate the ‘close coil’ of the contact. The
relay will seal-in this input to safely close the contact. Once the contact is closed and the RESET input is logic 0 (off),
any activity of the OPERATE input, such as subsequent chattering, will not have any effect. With both the OPERATE and
RESET inputs active (logic 1), the response of the latching contact is specified by the OUTPUT H1A TYPE setting.
• OUTPUT H1a RESET: This setting specifies a FlexLogic™ operand to operate the ‘trip coil’ of the contact. The relay
will seal-in this input to safely open the contact. Once the contact is opened and the OPERATE input is logic 0 (off), any
activity of the RESET input, such as subsequent chattering, will not have any effect. With both the OPERATE and RESET
inputs active (logic 1), the response of the latching contact is specified by the OUTPUT H1A TYPE setting.
• OUTPUT H1a TYPE: This setting specifies the contact response under conflicting control inputs; that is, when both the
OPERATE and RESET signals are applied. With both control inputs applied simultaneously, the contact will close if set to
“Operate-dominant” and will open if set to “Reset-dominant”.
Application Example 1:
A latching output contact H1a is to be controlled from two user-programmable pushbuttons (buttons number 1 and 2). The 5
following settings should be applied.
Program the Latching Outputs by making the following changes in the SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ CONTACT OUT-
PUTS Ö CONTACT OUTPUT H1a menu (assuming an H4L module):
OUTPUT H1a OPERATE: “PUSHBUTTON 1 ON”

OUTPUT H1a RESET: “PUSHBUTTON 2 ON”
Program the pushbuttons by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUT-
TONS ÖØ USER PUSHBUTTON 1 and USER PUSHBUTTON 2 menus:
PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION: “Self-reset” PUSHBUTTON 2 FUNCTION: “Self-reset”

PUSHBTN 1 DROP-OUT TIME: “0.00 s” PUSHBTN 2 DROP-OUT TIME: “0.00 s”
A relay, having two latching contacts H1a and H1c, is to be programmed. The H1a contact is to be a Type-a contact, while
the H1c contact is to be a Type-b contact (Type-a means closed after exercising the operate input; Type-b means closed
after exercising the reset input). The relay is to be controlled from virtual outputs: VO1 to operate and VO2 to reset.
PUTS Ö CONTACT OUTPUT H1a and CONTACT OUTPUT H1c menus (assuming an H4L module):
OUTPUT H1a OPERATE: “VO1” OUTPUT H1c OPERATE: “VO2”

OUTPUT H1a RESET: “VO2” OUTPUT H1c RESET: “VO1”
Since the two physical contacts in this example are mechanically separated and have individual control inputs, they will not
operate at exactly the same time. A discrepancy in the range of a fraction of a maximum operating time may occur. There-
fore, a pair of contacts programmed to be a multi-contact relay will not guarantee any specific sequence of operation (such
as make before break). If required, the sequence of operation must be programmed explicitly by delaying some of the con-
trol inputs as shown in the next application example.
A make before break functionality must be added to the preceding example. An overlap of 20 ms is required to implement
this functionality as described below:

Write the following FlexLogic™ equation (EnerVista UR Setup example shown):
Both timers (Timer 1 and Timer 2) should be set to 20 ms pickup and 0 ms dropout.
PUTS Ö CONTACT OUTPUT H1a and CONTACT OUTPUT H1c menus (assuming an H4L module):
OUTPUT H1a OPERATE: “VO1” OUTPUT H1c OPERATE: “VO2”
OUTPUT H1a RESET: “VO4” OUTPUT H1c RESET: “VO3”
A latching contact H1a is to be controlled from a single virtual output VO1. The contact should stay closed as long as VO1
is high, and should stay opened when VO1 is low. Program the relay as follows.
Write the following FlexLogic™ equation (EnerVista UR Setup example shown):
5
PUTS Ö CONTACT OUTPUT H1a menu (assuming an H4L module):
OUTPUT H1a OPERATE: “VO1”
OUTPUT H1a RESET: “VO2”
5.8.4 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ VIRTUAL OUTPUTS Ö VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1(96)
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 ID Range: Up to 12 alphanumeric characters

Virt Op 1
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
There are 96 virtual outputs that may be assigned via FlexLogic™. If not assigned, the output will be forced to ‘OFF’ (Logic
0). An ID may be assigned to each virtual output. Virtual outputs are resolved in each pass through the evaluation of the
FlexLogic™ equations. Any change of state of a virtual output can be logged as an event if programmed to do so.
For example, if Virtual Output 1 is the trip signal from FlexLogic™ and the trip relay is used to signal events, the settings
would be programmed as follows:

VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 ID: "Trip"

VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 EVENTS: "Disabled"
5.8.5 REMOTE DEVICES
a) REMOTE INPUTS/OUTPUTS OVERVIEW

Remote inputs and outputs provide a means of exchanging digital state information between Ethernet-networked devices.
The IEC 61850 GSSE (Generic Substation State Event) and GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) stan-
dards are used.
The IEC 61850 specification requires that communications between devices be implemented on Ethernet.
For UR-series relays, Ethernet communications is provided on all CPU modules except type 9E.
NOTE
The sharing of digital point state information between GSSE/GOOSE equipped relays is essentially an extension to Flex-
Logic™, allowing distributed FlexLogic™ by making operands available to/from devices on a common communications net-
work. In addition to digital point states, GSSE/GOOSE messages identify the originator of the message and provide other
information required by the communication specification. All devices listen to network messages and capture data only from
messages that have originated in selected devices.
IEC 61850 GSSE messages are compatible with UCA GOOSE messages and contain a fixed set of digital points. IEC
61850 GOOSE messages can, in general, contain any configurable data items. When used by the remote input/output fea-
ture, IEC 61850 GOOSE messages contain the same data as GSSE messages.
Both GSSE and GOOSE messages are designed to be short, reliable, and high priority. GOOSE messages have additional
advantages over GSSE messages due to their support of VLAN (virtual LAN) and Ethernet priority tagging functionality.
The GSSE message structure contains space for 128 bit pairs representing digital point state information. The IEC 61850
specification provides 32 “DNA” bit pairs that represent the state of two pre-defined events and 30 user-defined events. All
remaining bit pairs are “UserSt” bit pairs, which are status bits representing user-definable events. The L90 implementation 5
provides 32 of the 96 available UserSt bit pairs.
The IEC 61850 specification includes features that are used to cope with the loss of communication between transmitting
and receiving devices. Each transmitting device will send a GSSE/GOOSE message upon a successful power-up, when
the state of any included point changes, or after a specified interval (the default update time) if a change-of-state has not
occurred. The transmitting device also sends a ‘hold time’ which is set greater than three times the programmed default
time required by the receiving device.
Receiving devices are constantly monitoring the communications network for messages they require, as recognized by the
identification of the originating device carried in the message. Messages received from remote devices include the mes-
sage time allowed to live. The receiving relay sets a timer assigned to the originating device to this time interval, and if it
has not received another message from this device at time-out, the remote device is declared to be non-communicating, so
it will use the programmed default state for all points from that specific remote device. If a message is received from a
remote device before the time allowed to live expires, all points for that device are updated to the states contained in the
message and the hold timer is restarted. The status of a remote device, where “Offline” indicates non-communicating, can
be displayed.
The remote input/output facility provides for 32 remote inputs and 64 remote outputs.
The L90 provides an additional method of sharing digital point state information among different relays: direct messages.
Direct messages are only used between UR-series relays inter-connected via dedicated type 7X communications modules,
usually between substations. The digital state data conveyed by direct messages are direct inputs and direct outputs.
b) DIRECT MESSAGES
Direct messages are only used between UR-series relays containing the type 7X UR communications module. These mes-
sages are transmitted every one-half of the power frequency cycle (10 ms for 50 Hz and 8.33 ms for 60 Hz) This facility is
of particular value for pilot schemes and transfer tripping. Direct messaging is available on both single channel and dual
channel communications modules. The inputs and outputs on communications channel 1 are numbered 1-1 through 1-8,
and the inputs and outputs on communications channel 2 are numbered 2-1 through 2-8.
Settings associated with direct messages are automatically presented in accordance with the number of
channels provided in the communications module in a specific relay.
NOTE

c) LOCAL DEVICES: DEVICE ID FOR TRANSMITTING GSSE MESSAGES

In a L90 relay, the device ID that represents the IEC 61850 GOOSE application ID (GoID) name string sent as part of each
GOOSE message is programmed in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö
GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ FIXED GOOSE ÖØ GOOSE ID setting.
Likewise, the device ID that represents the IEC 61850 GSSE application ID name string sent as part of each GSSE mes-
sage is programmed in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE
CONFIGURATION Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ GSSE ÖØ GSSE ID setting.
In L90 releases previous to 5.0x, these name strings were represented by the RELAY NAME setting.
d) REMOTE DEVICES: DEVICE ID FOR RECEIVING GSSE MESSAGES

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE DEVICES Ö REMOTE DEVICE 1(16)
REMOTE DEVICE 1 REMOTE DEVICE 1 ID: Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters

Remote Device 1
REMOTE DEVICE 1 Range: 0 to 16383 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
ETYPE APPID: 0
REMOTE DEVICE 1 Range: Fixed, GOOSE 1 through GOOSE 8
MESSAGE
DATASET: Fixed
Remote devices are available for setting purposes. A receiving relay must be programmed to capture messages from only
those originating remote devices of interest. This setting is used to select specific remote devices by entering (bottom row)
the exact identification (ID) assigned to those devices.
The REMOTE DEVICE 1 ETYPE APPID setting is only used with GOOSE messages; they are not applicable to GSSE mes-
5 sages. This setting identifies the Ethernet application identification in the GOOSE message. It should match the corre-
sponding settings on the sending device.
The REMOTE DEVICE 1 DATASET setting provides for the choice of the L90 fixed (DNA/UserSt) dataset (that is, containing
DNA and UserSt bit pairs), or one of the configurable datasets.
Note that the dataset for the received data items must be made up of existing items in an existing logical node. For this rea-
son, logical node GGIO3 is instantiated to hold the incoming data items. GGIO3 is not necessary to make use of the
received data. The remote input data item mapping takes care of the mapping of the inputs to remote input FlexLogic™
operands. However, GGIO3 data can be read by IEC 61850 clients.
5.8.6 REMOTE INPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE INPUTS Ö REMOTE INPUT 1(32)
REMOTE INPUT 1 REMOTE INPUT 1 ID: Range: up to 12 alphanumeric characters

Remote Ip 1
REMOTE IN 1 DEVICE: Range: 1 to 16 inclusive
MESSAGE
Remote Device 1
REMOTE IN 1 ITEM: Range: None, DNA-1 to DNA-32, UserSt-1 to UserSt-32,
MESSAGE Config Item 1 to Config Item 64
None
REMOTE IN 1 DEFAULT Range: On, Off, Latest/On, Latest/Off
MESSAGE
STATE: Off
REMOTE IN 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
Remote Inputs that create FlexLogic™ operands at the receiving relay are extracted from GSSE/GOOSE messages origi-
nating in remote devices. Each remote input can be selected from a list consisting of 64 selections: DNA-1 through DNA-32
and UserSt-1 through UserSt-32. The function of DNA inputs is defined in the IEC 61850 specification and is presented in

the IEC 61850 DNA Assignments table in the Remote outputs section. The function of UserSt inputs is defined by the user
selection of the FlexLogic™ operand whose state is represented in the GSSE/GOOSE message. A user must program a
DNA point from the appropriate FlexLogic™ operand.
Remote input 1 must be programmed to replicate the logic state of a specific signal from a specific remote device for local
use. This programming is performed via the three settings shown above.
The REMOTE INPUT 1 ID setting allows the user to assign descriptive text to the remote input. The REMOTE IN 1 DEVICE setting
selects the number (1 to 16) of the remote device which originates the required signal, as previously assigned to the remote
device via the setting REMOTE DEVICE 1(16) ID (see the Remote devices section). The REMOTE IN 1 ITEM setting selects the
specific bits of the GSSE/GOOSE message required.
The REMOTE IN 1 DEFAULT STATE setting selects the logic state for this point if the local relay has just completed startup or
the remote device sending the point is declared to be non-communicating. The following choices are available:
• Setting REMOTE IN 1 DEFAULT STATE to “On” value defaults the input to logic 1.
• Setting REMOTE IN 1 DEFAULT STATE to “Off” value defaults the input to logic 0.
• Setting REMOTE IN 1 DEFAULT STATE to “Latest/On” freezes the input in case of lost communications. If the latest state is
not known, such as after relay power-up but before the first communication exchange, the input will default to logic 1.
When communication resumes, the input becomes fully operational.
• Setting REMOTE IN 1 DEFAULT STATE to “Latest/Off” freezes the input in case of lost communications. If the latest state is
not known, such as after relay power-up but before the first communication exchange, the input will default to logic 0.
When communication resumes, the input becomes fully operational.
For additional information on GSSE/GOOOSE messaging, refer to the Remote devices section in this chap-
ter.
NOTE
5.8.7 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS

5
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE DPS INPUTS Ö REMOTE DPS INPUT 1(5)
REMOTE DPS INPUT 1 REM DPS IN 1 ID: Range: up to 12 alphanumeric characters

RemDPS Ip 1
REM DPS IN 1 DEV: Range: Remote Device 1 to Remote Device 16
MESSAGE
Remote Device 1
REM DPS IN 1 ITEM: Range: None, Dataset Item 1 to Dataset Item 64
MESSAGE
None
REM DPS IN 1 Range: Enabled, Disabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
Remote double-point status inputs are extracted from GOOSE messages originating in the remote device. Each remote
double point status input must be programmed to replicate the logic state of a specific signal from a specific remote device
for local use. This functionality is accomplished with the five remote double-point status input settings.
• REM DPS IN 1 ID: This setting assigns descriptive text to the remote double-point status input.
• REM DPS IN 1 DEV: This setting selects a remote device ID to indicate the origin of a GOOSE message. The range is
selected from the remote device IDs specified in the Remote devices section.
• REM DPS IN 1 ITEM: This setting specifies the required bits of the GOOSE message.
The configurable GOOSE dataset items must be changed to accept a double-point status item from a GOOSE dataset
(changes are made in the SETTINGS ÖØ COMMUNICATION ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL ÖØ GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION ÖØ
RECEPTION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE Ö CONFIGIGURABLE GOOSE 1(8) Ö CONFIG GSE 1 DATASET ITEMS menus). Dataset
items configured to receive any of “GGIO3.ST.IndPos1.stV” to “GGIO3.ST.IndPos5.stV” will accept double-point status
information that will be decoded by the remote double-point status inputs configured to this dataset item.
The remote double point status is recovered from the received IEC 61850 dataset and is available as through the RemDPS
Ip 1 BAD, RemDPS Ip 1 INTERM, RemDPS Ip 1 OFF, and RemDPS Ip 1 ON FlexLogic™ operands. These operands can then be
used in breaker or disconnect control schemes.

5.8.8 REMOTE OUTPUTS
a) DNA BIT PAIRS

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE OUTPUTS DNA BIT PAIRS Ö REMOTE OUPUTS DNA- 1(32) BIT PAIR
REMOTE OUTPUTS DNA- 1 OPERAND: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

DNA- 1 BIT PAIR Off
DNA- 1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
Disabled
Remote outputs (1 to 32) are FlexLogic™ operands inserted into GSSE/GOOSE messages that are transmitted to remote
devices on a LAN. Each digital point in the message must be programmed to carry the state of a specific FlexLogic™ oper-
and. The above operand setting represents a specific DNA function (as shown in the following table) to be transmitted.
Table 5–23: IEC 61850 DNA ASSIGNMENTS

DNA IEC 61850 DEFINITION FLEXLOGIC™ OPERAND
1 Test IEC 61850 TEST MODE
2 ConfRev IEC 61850 CONF REV
b) USERST BIT PAIRS

PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE OUTPUTS UserSt BIT PAIRS Ö REMOTE OUTPUTS UserSt- 1(32) BIT PAIR
REMOTE OUTPUTS UserSt- 1 OPERAND: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

UserSt- 1 BIT PAIR Off
5 MESSAGE
UserSt- 1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled
Disabled
Remote outputs 1 to 32 originate as GSSE/GOOSE messages to be transmitted to remote devices. Each digital point in the
message must be programmed to carry the state of a specific FlexLogic™ operand. The setting above is used to select the
operand which represents a specific UserSt function (as selected by the user) to be transmitted.
The following setting represents the time between sending GSSE/GOOSE messages when there has been no change of
state of any selected digital point. This setting is located in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTO-
COL ÖØ GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION settings menu.
DEFAULT GSSE/GOOSE Range: 1 to 60 s in steps of 1

UPDATE TIME: 60 s
For more information on GSSE/GOOSE messaging, refer to Remote Inputs/Outputs Overview in the
Remote Devices section.
NOTE
5.8.9 DIRECT INPUTS/OUTPUTS
a) DESCRIPTION
The relay provides eight direct inputs conveyed on communications channel 1 (numbered 1-1 through 1-8) and eight direct
inputs conveyed on communications channel 2 (on three-terminal systems only, numbered 2-1 through 2-8). The user must
program the remote relay connected to channels 1 and 2 of the local relay by assigning the desired FlexLogic™ operand to
be sent via the selected communications channel.
This relay allows the user to create distributed protection and control schemes via dedicated communications channels.
Some examples are directional comparison pilot schemes and transfer tripping. It should be noted that failures of communi-
cations channels will affect direct input/output functionality. The 87L function must be enabled to utilize the direct inputs.
Direct input and output FlexLogic™ operands to be used at the local relay are assigned as follows:
• Direct input/output 1-1 through direct input/output 1-8 for communications channel 1.
• Direct input/output 2-1 through direct input/output 2-8 for communications channel 2 (three-terminal systems only).

On the two-terminal, two channel system (redundant channel), direct outputs 1-1 to 1-8 are send over both chan-
nels simultaneously and are received separately as direct inputs 1-1 to 1-8 at channel 1 and direct inputs 2-1 to 2-8
NOTE at channel 2. Therefore, to take advantage of redundancy, the respective operands from channel 1 and 2 can be
ORed with FlexLogic™ or mapped separately.
b) DIRECT INPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ DIRECT Ö DIRECT INPUTS
DIRECT INPUTS DIRECT INPUT 1-1 Range: Off, On

DEFAULT: Off
DIRECT INPUT 1-2 Range: Off, On
MESSAGE
DEFAULT: Off
↓

MESSAGE
DEFAULT: Off
MESSAGE
DEFAULT: Off
MESSAGE
DEFAULT: Off
↓

MESSAGE
DEFAULT: Off
5
The DIRECT INPUT 1-1(8) DEFAULT setting selects the logic state of this particular bit used for this point if the local relay has
just completed startup or the local communications channel is declared to have failed. Setting DIRECT INPUT 1-1(8) DEFAULT
to “On” means that the corresponding local FlexLogic™ operand (DIRECT I/P 1-1(8)) will have logic state “1” on relay startup
or during communications channel failure. When the channel is restored, the operand logic state reflects the actual state of
the corresponding remote direct output.
c) DIRECT OUTPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS Ø INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ DIRECT ÖØ DIRECT OUTPUTS
DIRECT OUTPUTS DIRECT OUTPUT 1-1: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

Off
DIRECT OUTPUT 1-2: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
Off
↓

MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓

MESSAGE
Off
The relay provides eight direct outputs that are conveyed on communications channel 1 (numbered 1-1 through 1-8) and
eight direct outputs that are conveyed on communications channel 2 (numbered 2-1 through 2-8). Each digital point in the
message must be programmed to carry the state of a specific FlexLogic™ operand. The setting above is used to select the
operand which represents a specific function (as selected by the user) to be transmitted.

Direct outputs 2-1 to 2-8 are only functional on three-terminal systems.
NOTE
L90-1 L90-2
ACTUAL VALUES SETTING
CHANNEL 1 STATUS: DIRECT INPUT 1-1
DEFAULT:
(same for 1-2...1-8)
SETTING
DIRECT OUTPUT 1-1:
On FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
(same for 1-2...1-8) Fail
Off DIRECT I/P 1-1
Off (Flexlogic Operand) OK OR
(same for 1-2...1-8)
SETTING ACTUAL VALUES

DIRECT INPUT 1-1 CHANNEL 1 STATUS:
DEFAULT:
(same for 1-2...1-8) L90 communication channel
(87L is Enabled)
SETTING
DIRECT OUTPUT 1-1:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND On (same for 1-2...1-8)
Fail
DIRECT I/P 1-1 Off
OR OK Off (Flexlogic Operand)
(same for 1-2...1-8)
831024A1.CDR
Figure 5–144: DIRECT INPUTS/OUTPUTS LOGIC

5.8.10 RESETTING
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ RESETTING
RESETTING RESET OPERAND: Range: FlexLogic™ operand

Off
Some events can be programmed to latch the faceplate LED event indicators and the target message on the display. Once
set, the latching mechanism will hold all of the latched indicators or messages in the set state after the initiating condition
has cleared until a RESET command is received to return these latches (not including FlexLogic™ latches) to the reset
state. The RESET command can be sent from the faceplate Reset button, a remote device via a communications channel,
or any programmed operand.
When the RESET command is received by the relay, two FlexLogic™ operands are created. These operands, which are
stored as events, reset the latches if the initiating condition has cleared. The three sources of RESET commands each cre-
ate the RESET OP FlexLogic™ operand. Each individual source of a RESET command also creates its individual operand
RESET OP (PUSHBUTTON), RESET OP (COMMS) or RESET OP (OPERAND) to identify the source of the command. The setting
shown above selects the operand that will create the RESET OP (OPERAND) operand.
5.8.11 IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS ÖØ GOOSE ANALOG INPUT 1(16)
GOOSE ANALOG ANALOG 1 DEFAULT: Range: –1000000.000 to 1000000.000 in steps of 0.001

INPUT 1 1000.000
ANALOG 1 DEFAULT Range: Default Value, Last Known
MESSAGE
MODE: Default Value 5
GOOSE ANALOG 1 Range: up to 4 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
UNITS:
GOOSE ANALOG 1 PU: Range: 0.000 to 1000000000.000 in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
1.000
The IEC 61850 GOOSE analog inputs feature allows the transmission of analog values between any two UR-series
devices. The following settings are available for each GOOSE analog input.
• ANALOG 1 DEFAULT: This setting specifies the value of the GOOSE analog input when the sending device is offline
and the ANALOG 1 DEFAULT MODE is set to “Default Value”.This setting is stored as an IEEE 754 / IEC 60559 floating
point number. Because of the large range of this setting, not all possible values can be stored. Some values may be
rounded to the closest possible floating point number.
• ANALOG 1 DEFAULT MODE: When the sending device is offline and this setting is “Last Known”, the value of the
GOOSE analog input remains at the last received value. When the sending device is offline and this setting value is
“Default Value”, then the value of the GOOSE analog input is defined by the ANALOG 1 DEFAULT setting.
• GOOSE ANALOG 1 UNITS: This setting specifies a four-character alphanumeric string that can is used in the actual
values display of the corresponding GOOSE analog input value.
• GOOSE ANALOG 1 PU: This setting specifies the per-unit base factor when using the GOOSE analog input FlexAna-
log™ values in other L90 features, such as FlexElements™. The base factor is applied to the GOOSE analog input
FlexAnalog quantity to normalize it to a per-unit quantity. The base units are described in the following table.

Table 5–24: GOOSE ANALOG INPUT BASE UNITS

ELEMENT BASE UNITS
RTDs BASE = 100°C
SOURCE CURRENT IBASE = maximum nominal primary RMS value of the +IN and –IN inputs
(Positive and Negative Watthours,
Positive and Negative Varhours)
5 SYNCHROCHECK
(Max Delta Volts)
VBASE = maximum primary RMS value of all the sources related to the +IN and –IN inputs
The GOOSE analog input FlexAnalog™ values are available for use in other L90 functions that use FlexAnalog™ values.
5.8.12 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ IEC 61850 GOOSE UINTEGERS ÖØ GOOSE UINTEGER INPUT 1(16)
GOOSE UINTEGER UINTEGER 1 DEFAULT: Range: 0 to 429496295 in steps of 1

INPUT 1 1000
UINTEGER 1 DEFAULT Range: Default Value, Last Known
MESSAGE
MODE: Default Value
The IEC 61850 GOOSE uinteger inputs feature allows the transmission of FlexInteger™ values between any two UR-
series devices. The following settings are available for each GOOSE uinteger input.
• UINTEGER 1 DEFAULT: This setting specifies the value of the GOOSE uinteger input when the sending device is
offline and the UINTEGER 1 DEFAULT MODE is set to “Default Value”.This setting is stored as a 32-bit unsigned integer
number.
• UINTEGER 1 DEFAULT MODE: When the sending device is offline and this setting is “Last Known”, the value of the
GOOSE uinteger input remains at the last received value. When the sending device is offline and this setting value is
“Default Value”, then the value of the GOOSE uinteger input is defined by the UINTEGER 1 DEFAULT setting.
The GOOSE integer input FlexInteger™ values are available for use in other L90 functions that use FlexInteger™ values.

5 SETTINGS 5.9 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
5.9TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 5.9.1 DCMA INPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TRANSDUCER I/O ÖØ DCMA INPUTS Ö DCMA INPUT H1(U8)
DCMA INPUT H1 DCMA INPUT H1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
DCMA INPUT H1 ID: Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
DCMA Ip 1
DCMA INPUT H1 Range: 6 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
UNITS: μA
DCMA INPUT H1 Range: 0 to –1 mA, 0 to +1 mA, –1 to +1 mA, 0 to 5 mA,
MESSAGE 0 to 10mA, 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA
RANGE: 0 to -1 mA
DCMA INPUT H1 MIN Range: –9999.999 to +9999.999 in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
VALUE: 0.000
DCMA INPUT H1 MAX Range: –9999.999 to +9999.999 in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
VALUE: 0.000
Hardware and software is provided to receive signals from external transducers and convert these signals into a digital for-
mat for use as required. The relay will accept inputs in the range of –1 to +20 mA DC, suitable for use with most common
transducer output ranges; all inputs are assumed to be linear over the complete range. Specific hardware details are con-
tained in chapter 3.
Before the dcmA input signal can be used, the value of the signal measured by the relay must be converted to the range
and quantity of the external transducer primary input parameter, such as DC voltage or temperature. The relay simplifies
this process by internally scaling the output from the external transducer and displaying the actual primary parameter.
5
dcmA input channels are arranged in a manner similar to CT and VT channels. The user configures individual channels
with the settings shown here.
The channels are arranged in sub-modules of two channels, numbered from 1 through 8 from top to bottom. On power-up,
the relay will automatically generate configuration settings for every channel, based on the order code, in the same general
manner that is used for CTs and VTs. Each channel is assigned a slot letter followed by the row number, 1 through 8 inclu-
sive, which is used as the channel number. The relay generates an actual value for each available input channel.
Settings are automatically generated for every channel available in the specific relay as shown above for the first channel of
a type 5F transducer module installed in slot H.
The function of the channel may be either “Enabled” or “Disabled”. If “Disabled”, no actual values are created for the chan-
nel. An alphanumeric “ID” is assigned to each channel; this ID will be included in the channel actual value, along with the
programmed units associated with the parameter measured by the transducer, such as volts, °C, megawatts, etc. This ID is
also used to reference the channel as the input parameter to features designed to measure this type of parameter. The
DCMA INPUT H1 RANGE setting specifies the mA DC range of the transducer connected to the input channel.
The DCMA INPUT H1 MIN VALUE and DCMA INPUT H1 MAX VALUE settings are used to program the span of the transducer in
primary units. For example, a temperature transducer might have a span from 0 to 250°C; in this case the DCMA INPUT H1
MIN VALUE value is “0” and the DCMA INPUT H1 MAX VALUE value is “250”. Another example would be a watts transducer with
a span from –20 to +180 MW; in this case the DCMA INPUT H1 MIN VALUE value would be “–20” and the DCMA INPUT H1 MAX
VALUE value “180”. Intermediate values between the min and max values are scaled linearly.

5.9 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 5 SETTINGS
5.9.2 RTD INPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TRANSDUCER I/O ÖØ RTD INPUTS Ö RTD INPUT H1(U8)
RTD INPUT H1 RTD INPUT H1 Range: Disabled, Enabled

FUNCTION: Disabled
RTD INPUT H1 ID: Range: Up to 20 alphanumeric characters
MESSAGE
RTD Ip 1
RTD INPUT H1 TYPE: Range: 100Ω Nickel, 10Ω Copper, 100Ω Platinum,
MESSAGE 120Ω Nickel
100Ω Nickel
Hardware and software is provided to receive signals from external resistance temperature detectors and convert these
signals into a digital format for use as required. These channels are intended to be connected to any of the RTD types in
common use. Specific hardware details are contained in chapter 3.
RTD input channels are arranged in a manner similar to CT and VT channels. The user configures individual channels with
the settings shown here.
The channels are arranged in sub-modules of two channels, numbered from 1 through 8 from top to bottom. On power-up,
the relay will automatically generate configuration settings for every channel, based on the order code, in the same general
manner that is used for CTs and VTs. Each channel is assigned a slot letter followed by the row number, 1 through 8 inclu-
sive, which is used as the channel number. The relay generates an actual value for each available input channel.
Settings are automatically generated for every channel available in the specific relay as shown above for the first channel of
a type 5C transducer module installed in the first available slot.
The function of the channel may be either “Enabled” or “Disabled”. If “Disabled”, there will not be an actual value created for
5 the channel. An alphanumeric ID is assigned to the channel; this ID will be included in the channel actual values. It is also
used to reference the channel as the input parameter to features designed to measure this type of parameter. Selecting the
type of RTD connected to the channel configures the channel.
Actions based on RTD overtemperature, such as trips or alarms, are done in conjunction with the FlexElements™ feature.
In FlexElements™, the operate level is scaled to a base of 100°C. For example, a trip level of 150°C is achieved by setting
the operate level at 1.5 pu. FlexElement™ operands are available to FlexLogic™ for further interlocking or to operate an
output contact directly.
Refer to the following table for reference temperature values for each RTD type.

Table 5–25: RTD TEMPERATURE VS. RESISTANCE

TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE (IN OHMS)
°C °F 100 Ω PT 120 Ω NI 100 Ω NI 10 Ω CU
(DIN 43760)
–50 –58 80.31 86.17 71.81 7.10
–40 –40 84.27 92.76 77.30 7.49
–30 –22 88.22 99.41 82.84 7.88
–20 –4 92.16 106.15 88.45 8.26
–10 14 96.09 113.00 94.17 8.65
0 32 100.00 120.00 100.00 9.04
10 50 103.90 127.17 105.97 9.42
20 68 107.79 134.52 112.10 9.81
30 86 111.67 142.06 118.38 10.19
40 104 115.54 149.79 124.82 10.58
50 122 119.39 157.74 131.45 10.97
60 140 123.24 165.90 138.25 11.35
70 158 127.07 174.25 145.20 11.74
80 176 130.89 182.84 152.37 12.12
90 194 134.70 191.64 159.70 12.51
100 212 138.50 200.64 167.20 12.90
110 230 142.29 209.85 174.87 13.28
120
130
248
266
146.06
149.82
219.29
228.96
182.75
190.80
13.67
14.06
5
140 284 153.58 238.85 199.04 14.44
150 302 157.32 248.95 207.45 14.83
160 320 161.04 259.30 216.08 15.22
170 338 164.76 269.91 224.92 15.61
180 356 168.47 280.77 233.97 16.00
190 374 172.46 291.96 243.30 16.39
200 392 175.84 303.46 252.88 16.78
210 410 179.51 315.31 262.76 17.17
220 428 183.17 327.54 272.94 17.56
230 446 186.82 340.14 283.45 17.95
240 464 190.45 353.14 294.28 18.34
250 482 194.08 366.53 305.44 18.73

5.9.3 DCMA OUTPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TRANSDUCER I/O ÖØ DCMA OUTPUTS Ö DCMA OUTPUT H1(U8)
DCMA OUTPUT H1 DCMA OUTPUT H1 Range: Off, any analog actual value parameter
SOURCE: Off
DCMA OUTPUT H1 Range: –1 to 1 mA, 0 to 1 mA, 4 to 20 mA
MESSAGE
RANGE: –1 to 1 mA
DCMA OUTPUT H1 Range: –90.000 to 90.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
MIN VAL: 0.000 pu
DCMA OUTPUT H1 Range: –90.000 to 90.000 pu in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
MAX VAL: 1.000 pu
Hardware and software is provided to generate dcmA signals that allow interfacing with external equipment. Specific hard-
ware details are contained in chapter 3. The dcmA output channels are arranged in a manner similar to transducer input or
CT and VT channels. The user configures individual channels with the settings shown below.
The channels are arranged in sub-modules of two channels, numbered 1 through 8 from top to bottom. On power-up, the
relay automatically generates configuration settings for every channel, based on the order code, in the same manner used
for CTs and VTs. Each channel is assigned a slot letter followed by the row number, 1 through 8 inclusive, which is used as
the channel number.
Both the output range and a signal driving a given output are user-programmable via the following settings menu (an exam-
ple for channel M5 is shown).
The relay checks the driving signal (x in equations below) for the minimum and maximum limits, and subsequently re-
5 scales so the limits defined as MIN VAL and MAX VAL match the output range of the hardware defined as RANGE. The follow-
ing equation is applied:
⎧ I min if x < MIN VAL

⎪
I out = ⎨ I max if x > MAX VAL (EQ 5.27)
⎪
⎩ k ( x – MIN VAL ) + I min otherwise
where: x is a driving signal specified by the SOURCE setting

Imin and Imax are defined by the RANGE setting
k is a scaling constant calculated as:
I max – I min
k = ------------------------------------------------
- (EQ 5.28)
MAX VAL – MIN VAL
The feature is intentionally inhibited if the MAX VAL and MIN VAL settings are entered incorrectly, e.g. when MAX VAL – MIN
VAL< 0.1 pu. The resulting characteristic is illustrated in the following figure.
Imax
OUTPUT CURRENT
Imin
DRIVING SIGNAL
MIN VAL MAX VAL 842739A1.CDR
Figure 5–145: DCMA OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC

The dcmA output settings are described below.

• DCMA OUTPUT H1 SOURCE: This setting specifies an internal analog value to drive the analog output. Actual values
(FlexAnalog parameters) such as power, current amplitude, voltage amplitude, power factor, etc. can be configured as
sources driving dcmA outputs. Refer to Appendix A for a complete list of FlexAnalog parameters.
• DCMA OUTPUT H1 RANGE: This setting allows selection of the output range. Each dcmA channel may be set inde-
pendently to work with different ranges. The three most commonly used output ranges are available.
• DCMA OUTPUT H1 MIN VAL: This setting allows setting the minimum limit for the signal that drives the output. This
setting is used to control the mapping between an internal analog value and the output current. The setting is entered
in per-unit values. The base units are defined in the same manner as the FlexElement™ base units.
• DCMA OUTPUT H1 MAX VAL: This setting allows setting the maximum limit for the signal that drives the output. This
setting is used to control the mapping between an internal analog value and the output current. The setting is entered
in per-unit values. The base units are defined in the same manner as the FlexElement™ base units.
The DCMA OUTPUT H1 MIN VAL and DCMA OUTPUT H1 MAX VAL settings are ignored for power factor base units (i.e. if
the DCMA OUTPUT H1 SOURCE is set to FlexAnalog value based on power factor measurement).
NOTE
Three application examples are described below.

EXAMPLE: POWER MONITORING
A three phase active power on a 13.8 kV system measured via UR-series relay source 1 is to be monitored by the dcmA H1
output of the range of –1 to 1 mA. The following settings are applied on the relay: CT ratio = 1200:5, VT secondary 115, VT
connection is delta, and VT ratio = 120. The nominal current is 800 A primary and the nominal power factor is 0.90. The
power is to be monitored in both importing and exporting directions and allow for 20% overload compared to the nominal.
The nominal three-phase power is:
5
P = 3 × 13.8 kV × 0.8 kA × 0.9 = 17.21 MW (EQ 5.29)
The three-phase power with 20% overload margin is:

P max = 1.2 × 17.21 MW = 20.65 MW (EQ 5.30)
The base unit for power (refer to the FlexElements section in this chapter for additional details) is:
P BASE = 115 V × 120 × 1.2 kA = 16.56 MW (EQ 5.31)
The minimum and maximum power values to be monitored (in pu) are:
20.65 MW = – 1.247 pu, maximum power = 20.65 MW- = 1.247 pu
minimum power = –------------------------------ -------------------------- (EQ 5.32)
16.56 MW 16.56 MW
The following settings should be entered:
DCMA OUTPUT H1 SOURCE: “SRC 1 P”
DCMA OUTPUT H1 RANGE: “–1 to 1 mA”
DCMA OUTPUT H1 MIN VAL: “–1.247 pu”
DCMA OUTPUT H1 MAX VAL: “1.247 pu”
With the above settings, the output will represent the power with the scale of 1 mA per 20.65 MW. The worst-case error for
this application can be calculated by superimposing the following two sources of error:
• ±0.5% of the full scale for the analog output module, or ± 0.005 × ( 1 – ( – 1 ) ) × 20.65 MW = ± 0.207 MW
• ±1% of reading error for the active power at power factor of 0.9
For example at the reading of 20 MW, the worst-case error is 0.01 × 20 MW + 0.207 MW = 0.407 MW.
EXAMPLE: CURRENT MONITORING
The phase A current (true RMS value) is to be monitored via the H2 current output working with the range from 4 to 20 mA.
The CT ratio is 5000:5 and the maximum load current is 4200 A. The current should be monitored from 0 A upwards, allow-
ing for 50% overload.
The phase current with the 50% overload margin is:

I max = 1.5 × 4.2 kA = 6.3 kA (EQ 5.33)
The base unit for current (refer to the FlexElements section in this chapter for additional details) is:
I BASE = 5 kA (EQ 5.34)
The minimum and maximum power values to be monitored (in pu) are:
minimum current = 0 kA- = 0 pu, maximum current = 6.3 kA- = 1.26 pu

----------- ---------------- (EQ 5.35)
5 kA 5 kA
DCMA OUTPUT H2 SOURCE: “SRC 1 Ia RMS”
DCMA OUTPUT H2 RANGE: “4 to 20 mA”
DCMA OUTPUT H2 MIN VAL: “0.000 pu”
The worst-case error for this application could be calculated by superimposing the following two sources of error:
• ±0.5% of the full scale for the analog output module, or ± 0.005 × ( 20 – 4 ) × 6.3 kA = ± 0.504 kA
• ±0.25% of reading or ±0.1% of rated (whichever is greater) for currents between 0.1 and 2.0 of nominal
For example, at the reading of 4.2 kA, the worst-case error is max(0.0025 × 4.2 kA, 0.001 × 5 kA) + 0.504 kA = 0.515 kA.
EXAMPLE: VOLTAGE MONITORING
A positive-sequence voltage on a 400 kV system measured via source 2 is to be monitored by the dcmA H3 output with a
range of 0 to 1 mA. The VT secondary setting is 66.4 V, the VT ratio setting is 6024, and the VT connection setting is
“Delta”. The voltage should be monitored in the range from 70% to 110% of nominal.
5 The minimum and maximum positive-sequence voltages to be monitored are:
400 kV 400 kV
V min = 0.7 × ------------------- = 161.66 kV, V max = 1.1 × ------------------- = 254.03 kV (EQ 5.36)
3 3
The base unit for voltage (refer to the FlexElements section in this chapter for additional details) is:
V BASE = 0.0664 kV × 6024 = 400 kV (EQ 5.37)
The minimum and maximum voltage values to be monitored (in pu) are:
minimum voltage = 161.66 kV- = 0.404 pu, maximum voltage = 254.03 kV- = 0.635 pu
-------------------------- -------------------------- (EQ 5.38)
400 kV 400 kV
DCMA OUTPUT H3 SOURCE: “SRC 2 V_1 mag”
DCMA OUTPUT H3 RANGE: “0 to 1 mA”
DCMA OUTPUT H3 MIN VAL: “0.404 pu”
The limit settings differ from the expected 0.7 pu and 1.1 pu because the relay calculates the positive-sequence quantities
scaled to the phase-to-ground voltages, even if the VTs are connected in “Delta” (refer to the Metering conventions section
in chapter 6), while at the same time the VT nominal voltage is 1 pu for the settings. Consequently the settings required in
this example differ from naturally expected by the factor of 3 .
The worst-case error for this application could be calculated by superimposing the following two sources of error:
• ±0.5% of the full scale for the analog output module, or ± 0.005 × ( 1 – 0 ) × 254.03 kV = ± 1.27 kV
• ±0.5% of reading
For example, under nominal conditions, the positive-sequence reads 230.94 kV and the worst-case error is
0.005 x 230.94 kV + 1.27 kV = 2.42 kV.

5 SETTINGS 5.10 TESTING
5.10TESTING 5.10.1 TEST MODE
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING Ö TEST MODE
SETTINGS TEST MODE Range: Disabled, Isolated, Forcible

TESTING FUNCTION: Disabled
TEST MODE FORCING: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
On
The L90 provides a test facility to verify the functionality of contact inputs and outputs, some communication channels and
the phasor measurement unit (where applicable), using simulated conditions. The test mode is indicated on the relay face-
plate by a Test Mode LED indicator.
The test mode may be in any of three states: disabled, isolated, or forcible.
In the “Disabled” mode, L90 operation is normal and all test features are disabled.
In the “Isolated” mode, the L90 is prevented from performing certain control actions, including tripping via contact outputs.
All relay contact outputs, including latching outputs, are disabled. Channel tests and phasor measurement unit tests remain
usable on applicable UR-series models.
In the “Forcible” mode, the operand selected by the TEST MODE FORCING setting controls the relay inputs and outputs. If the
test mode is forcible, and the operand assigned to the TEST MODE FORCING setting is “Off”, the L90 inputs and outputs oper-
ate normally. If the test mode is forcible, and the operand assigned to the TEST MODE FORCING setting is “On”, the L90 con-
tact inputs and outputs are forced to the values specified in the following sections. Forcing may be controlled by manually
changing the operand selected by the TEST MODE FORCING setting between on and off, or by selecting a user-programma-
ble pushbutton, contact input, or communication-based input operand. Channel tests and phasor measurement unit tests
remain usable on applicable UR-series models.
5
Communications based inputs and outputs remain fully operational in test mode. If a control action is programmed
using direct inputs and outputs or remote inputs and outputs, then the test procedure must take this into account.
NOTE
When in “Forcible” mode, the operand selected by the TEST MODE FORCING setting dictates further response of the L90 to
testing conditions. To force contact inputs and outputs through relay settings, set TEST MODE FORCING to “On”. To force con-
tact inputs and outputs through a user-programmable condition, such as FlexLogic™ operand (pushbutton, digital input,
communication-based input, or a combination of these), set TEST MODE FORCING to the desired operand. The contact input
or output is forced when the selected operand assumes a logic 1 state.
The L90 remains fully operational in test mode, allowing for various testing procedures. In particular, the protection and
control elements, FlexLogic™, and communication-based inputs and outputs function normally.
The only difference between the normal operation and the test mode is the behavior of the input and output contacts. The
contact inputs can be forced to report as open or closed or remain fully operational, whereas the contact outputs can be
forced to open, close, freeze, or remain fully operational. The response of the digital input and output contacts to the test
mode is programmed individually for each input and output using the force contact inputs and force contact outputs test
functions described in the following sections.
The test mode state is indicated on the relay faceplate by a combination of the Test Mode LED indicator, the In-Service LED
indicator, and by the critical fail relay, as shown in the following table.

5.10 TESTING 5 SETTINGS
Table 5–26: TEST MODE OPERATION

TEST MODE TEST MODE IN-SERVICE TEST MODE CRITICAL INPUT AND OUTPUT BEHAVIOR
FUNCTION FORCING LED LED FAIL
OPERAND RELAY
Disabled No effect Unaffected Off Unaffected Contact outputs and inputs are under normal
operation. Channel tests and PMU tests not
operational (where applicable).
Isolated No effect Off On De- Contact outputs are disabled and contact inputs
energized are operational. Channel tests and PMU tests
are also operational (where applicable).
Forcible On (logic 1) Off Flashing De- Contact inputs and outputs are controlled by the
energized force contact input and force contact output
functions. Channel tests and PMU tests are
Off (logic 0) Off Flashing De- Contact outputs and inputs are under normal
energized operation. Channel tests and PMU tests are also
The TEST MODE FUNCTION setting can only be changed by a direct user command. Following a restart, power up, settings
upload, or firmware upgrade, the test mode will remain at the last programmed value. This allows a L90 that has been
placed in isolated mode to remain isolated during testing and maintenance activities. On restart, the TEST MODE FORCING
setting and the force contact input and force contact output settings all revert to their default states.
5.10.2 FORCE CONTACT INPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING ÖØ FORCE CONTACT INPUTS
5 FORCE CONTACT
INPUTS
FORCE Cont Ip 1
:Disabled
Range: Disabled, Open, Closed
FORCE Cont Ip 2 Range: Disabled, Open, Closed

MESSAGE
:Disabled
↓
FORCE Cont Ip xx Range: Disabled, Open, Closed

MESSAGE
:Disabled
The relay digital inputs (contact inputs) could be pre-programmed to respond to the test mode in the following ways:
• If set to “Disabled”, the input remains fully operational. It is controlled by the voltage across its input terminals and can
be turned on and off by external circuitry. This value should be selected if a given input must be operational during the
test. This includes, for example, an input initiating the test, or being a part of a user pre-programmed test sequence.
• If set to “Open”, the input is forced to report as opened (Logic 0) for the entire duration of the test mode regardless of
the voltage across the input terminals.
• If set to “Closed”, the input is forced to report as closed (Logic 1) for the entire duration of the test mode regardless of
the voltage across the input terminals.
The force contact inputs feature provides a method of performing checks on the function of all contact inputs. Once
enabled, the relay is placed into test mode, allowing this feature to override the normal function of contact inputs. The Test
Mode LED will be on, indicating that the relay is in test mode. The state of each contact input may be programmed as “Dis-
abled”, “Open”, or “Closed”. All contact input operations return to normal when all settings for this feature are disabled.

5.10.3 FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING ÖØ FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS
FORCE CONTACT FORCE Cont Op 1 Range: Disabled, Energized, De-energized, Freeze

OUTPUTS :Disabled
FORCE Cont Op 2 Range: Disabled, Energized, De-energized, Freeze
MESSAGE
:Disabled
↓
FORCE Cont Op xx Range: Disabled, Energized, De-energized, Freeze

MESSAGE
:Disabled
The relay contact outputs can be pre-programmed to respond to the test mode.
If set to “Disabled”, the contact output remains fully operational. If operates when its control operand is logic 1 and will
resets when its control operand is logic 0. If set to “Energized”, the output will close and remain closed for the entire dura-
tion of the test mode, regardless of the status of the operand configured to control the output contact. If set to “De-ener-
gized”, the output will open and remain opened for the entire duration of the test mode regardless of the status of the
operand configured to control the output contact. If set to “Freeze”, the output retains its position from before entering the
test mode, regardless of the status of the operand configured to control the output contact.
These settings are applied two ways. First, external circuits may be tested by energizing or de-energizing contacts. Sec-
ond, by controlling the output contact state, relay logic may be tested and undesirable effects on external circuits avoided.
Example 1: Initiating test mode through user-programmable pushbutton 1
For example, the test mode can be initiated from user-programmable pushbutton 1. The pushbutton will be programmed as
“Latched” (pushbutton pressed to initiate the test, and pressed again to terminate the test). During the test, digital input 1
5
should remain operational, digital inputs 2 and 3 should open, and digital input 4 should close. Also, contact output 1 should
freeze, contact output 2 should open, contact output 3 should close, and contact output 4 should remain fully operational.
The required settings are shown below.
To enable user-programmable pushbutton 1 to initiate the test mode, make the following changes in the SETTINGS ÖØ
TESTING Ö TEST MODE menu: TEST MODE FUNCTION: “Enabled” and TEST MODE INITIATE: “PUSHBUTTON 1 ON”
Make the following changes to configure the contact inputs and outputs. In the SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING ÖØ FORCE CONTACT
INPUTS and FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS menus, set:
FORCE Cont Ip 1: “Disabled”, FORCE Cont Ip 2: “Open”, FORCE Cont Ip 3: “Open”, and FORCE Cont Ip 4: “Closed”
FORCE Cont Op 1: “Freeze”, FORCE Cont Op 2: “De-energized”, FORCE Cont Op 3: “Energized”,
and FORCE Cont Op 4: “Disabled”
Example 2: Initiating a test from user-programmable pushbutton 1 or through remote input 1
In this example, the test can be initiated locally from user-programmable pushbutton 1 or remotely through remote input 1.
Both the pushbutton and the remote input will be programmed as “Latched”. Write the following FlexLogic™ equation:
Set the user-programmable pushbutton as latching by changing SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ USER-PROGRAMMABLE
PUSHBUTTONS Ö USER PUSHBUTTON 1 Ö PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION to “Latched”. To enable either pushbutton 1 or remote
input 1 to initiate the Test mode, make the following changes in the SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING Ö TEST MODE menu:
TEST MODE FUNCTION: “Enabled” and TEST MODE INITIATE: “VO1”

5.10.4 CHANNEL TESTS
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS
CHANNEL TESTS LOCAL LOOPBACK

REMOTE LOOPBACK
MESSAGE

This function performs checking of the communications established by both relays.
LOCAL LOOPBACK LOCAL LOOPBACK Range: Yes, No

FUNCTION: No
LOCAL LOOPBACK Range: 1, 2
MESSAGE
CHANNEL NUMBER: 1
REMOTE LOOPBACK REMOTE LOOPBACK Range: Yes, No

FUNCTION: No
REMOTE LOOPBACK Range: 1, 2
MESSAGE
CHANNEL NUMBER: 1
Refer to the Commissioning chapter for a detailed description of using the channel tests.
5 5.10.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT TEST VALUES
PATH: SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING ÖØ PMU TEST VALUES Ö PMU 1 TEST VALUES
PMU 1 PMU 1 TEST Range: Enabled, Disabled

TEST VALUES FUNCTION: Disabled
PMU 1 VA TEST Range: 0.00 to 700.00 kV in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
MAGNITUDE: 500.00 kV
PMU 1 VA TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 VB TEST Range: 0.00 to 700.00 kV in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PMU 1 VB TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: –120.00°
PMU 1 VC TEST Range: 0.00 to 700.00 kV in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PMU 1 VC TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 120.00°
PMU 1 VX TEST Range: 0.00 to 700.00 kV in steps of 0.01
MESSAGE
PMU 1 VX TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 IA TEST Range: 0.000 to 9.999 kA in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
MAGNITUDE: 1.000 kA
PMU 1 IA TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: –10.00°

PMU 1 IB TEST Range: 0.000 to 9.999 kA in steps of 0.001

MESSAGE
MAGNITUDE: 1.000 kA
PMU 1 IB TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: –130.00°
PMU 1 IC TEST Range: 0.000 to 9.999 kA in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
MAGNITUDE: 1.000 kA
PMU 1 IC TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 110.00°
PMU 1 IG TEST Range: 0.000 to 9.999 kA in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
MAGNITUDE: 0.000 kA
PMU 1 IG TEST Range: –180.00 to 180.00° in steps of 0.05
MESSAGE
ANGLE: 0.00°
PMU 1 TEST Range: 20.000 to 60.000 Hz in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
FREQUENCY: 60.000 Hz
PMU 1 TEST Range: –10.000 to 10.000 Hz/s in steps of 0.001
MESSAGE
df/dt: 0.000 Hz/s
The relay must be in test mode to use the PMU test mode. That is, the TESTING Ö TEST MODE FUNCTION setting must be
“Enabled” and the TESTING ÖØ TEST MODE INITIATE initiating signal must be “On”.
During the PMU test mode, the physical channels (VA, VB, VC, VX, IA, IB, IC, and IG), frequency, and rate of change of fre-
quency are substituted with user values, while the symmetrical components are calculated from the physical channels. The
test values are not explicitly marked in the outgoing data frames. When required, it is recommended to use the user-pro- 5
grammable digital channels to signal the C37.118 client that test values are being sent in place of the real measurements.


6 ACTUAL VALUES 6.1 OVERVIEW
6 ACTUAL VALUES 6.1OVERVIEW 6.1.1 ACTUAL VALUES MAIN MENU
ACTUAL VALUES CONTACT INPUTS

See page 6-3.
STATUS
VIRTUAL INPUTS
See page 6-3.

REMOTE INPUTS
See page 6-3.

REMOTE DPS INPUTS
See page 6-4.

DIRECT INPUTS
See page 6-4.

CONTACT OUTPUTS
See page 6-4.

VIRTUAL OUTPUTS
See page 6-5.

AUTORECLOSE
See page 6-5.

REMOTE DEVICES
See page 6-5.
STATUS
REMOTE DEVICES
See page 6-6.
STATISTICS
CHANNEL TESTS
See page 6-6.

DIGITAL COUNTERS
See page 6-7.
6

SELECTOR SWITCHES
See page 6-7.

FLEX STATES
See page 6-8.

ETHERNET
See page 6-8.

IEC 61850
See page 6-8.
GOOSE UINTEGERS
ETHERNET SWITCH
See page 6-9.

ACTUAL VALUES 87L DIFFERENTIAL

See page 6-13.
METERING CURRENT
SOURCE SRC 1
See page 6-14.

SOURCE SRC 2

SOURCE SRC 3


6.1 OVERVIEW 6 ACTUAL VALUES
SOURCE SRC 4

SYNCHROCHECK
See page 6-19.

TRACKING FREQUENCY
See page 6-19.

FLEXELEMENTS
See page 6-19.

IEC 61850
See page 6-20.
GOOSE ANALOGS
WATTMETRIC
See page 6-20.
GROUND FAULT 1
WATTMETRIC
See page 6-20.
GROUND FAULT 2
PHASOR MEASUREMENT
See page 6-20.
UNIT
TRANSDUCER I/O
See page 6-21.
DCMA INPUTS
TRANSDUCER I/O
See page 6-21.
RTD INPUTS
ACTUAL VALUES FAULT REPORTS

See page 6-22.
RECORDS
EVENT RECORDS
See page 6-22.

6 OSCILLOGRAPHY
See page 6-23.

DATA LOGGER
See page 6-23.

PMU RECORDS
See page 6-23.

MAINTENANCE
See page 6-24.

ACTUAL VALUES MODEL INFORMATION

See page 6-25.
PRODUCT INFO
FIRMWARE REVISIONS
See page 6-25.


6 ACTUAL VALUES 6.2 STATUS
6.2STATUS
For status reporting, ‘On’ represents Logic 1 and ‘Off’ represents Logic 0.
NOTE
6.2.1 CONTACT INPUTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS Ö CONTACT INPUTS
CONTACT INPUTS Cont Ip 1 Range: On, Off

Off
Cont Ip 2 Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓
Cont Ip xx Range: On, Off

MESSAGE
Off
The present status of the contact inputs is shown here. The first line of a message display indicates the ID of the contact
input. For example, ‘Cont Ip 1’ refers to the contact input in terms of the default name-array index. The second line of the
display indicates the logic state of the contact input.
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ VIRTUAL INPUTS
VIRTUAL INPUTS Virt Ip 1 Range: On, Off

Off
Virt Ip 2 Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓
Virt Ip 64 Range: On, Off

6
MESSAGE
Off
The present status of the 64 virtual inputs is shown here. The first line of a message display indicates the ID of the virtual
input. For example, ‘Virt Ip 1’ refers to the virtual input in terms of the default name. The second line of the display indicates
the logic state of the virtual input.
6.2.3 REMOTE INPUTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ REMOTE INPUTS
REMOTE INPUTS REMOTE INPUT 1 Range: On, Off

STATUS: Off
REMOTE INPUT 2 Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
STATUS: Off
↓
REMOTE INPUT 32 Range: On, Off

MESSAGE
STATUS: Off
The present state of the 32 remote inputs is shown here.

The state displayed will be that of the remote point unless the remote device has been established to be “Offline” in which
case the value shown is the programmed default state for the remote input.

6.2 STATUS 6 ACTUAL VALUES
6.2.4 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ REMOTE DPS INPUTS
REMOTE DPS INPUTS REMOTE DPS INPUT 1 Range: On, Off, Intermediate, Bad
STATUS: Bad
REMOTE DPS INPUT 2 Range: On, Off, Intermediate, Bad
MESSAGE
STATUS: Bad
↓
REMOTE DPS INPUT 5 Range: On, Off, Intermediate, Bad

MESSAGE
STATUS: Bad
The present state of the remote double-point status inputs is shown here. The actual values indicate if the remote double-
point status inputs are in the on (close), off (open), intermediate, or bad state.
6.2.5 DIRECT INPUTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ø STATUS ÖØ DIRECT INPUTS
DIRECT INPUTS DIRECT INPUT 1-1: Range: On, Off

Off
DIRECT INPUT 1-2: Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓

MESSAGE
Off
MESSAGE
Off
6 MESSAGE
Off
↓

MESSAGE
Off
The present state of the direct inputs from communications channels 1 and 2 are shown here. The state displayed will be
that of the remote point unless channel 1 or 2 has been declared to have “failed”, in which case the value shown is the pro-
grammed default state defined in the SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ DIRECT Ö DIRECT INPUTS menu.
6.2.6 CONTACT OUTPUTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS
CONTACT OUTPUTS Cont Op 1 Range: On, Off, VOff, VOn, IOn, IOff
Off
Cont Op 2 Range: On, Off, VOff, VOn, IOn, IOff
MESSAGE
Off
↓
Cont Op xx Range: On, Off, VOff, VOn, IOn, IOff

MESSAGE
Off

The present state of the contact outputs is shown here. The first line of a message display indicates the ID of the contact
output. For example, ‘Cont Op 1’ refers to the contact output in terms of the default name-array index. The second line of
the display indicates the logic state of the contact output.
For form-A contact outputs, the state of the voltage and current detectors is displayed as Off, VOff, IOff,
On, IOn, and VOn. For form-C contact outputs, the state is displayed as Off or On.
NOTE
6.2.7 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ VIRTUAL OUTPUTS
VIRTUAL OUTPUTS Virt Op 1 Range: On, Off

Off
Virt Op 2 Range: On, Off
MESSAGE
Off
↓
Virt Op 96 Range: On, Off

MESSAGE
Off
The present state of up to 96 virtual outputs is shown here. The first line of a message display indicates the ID of the virtual
output. For example, ‘Virt Op 1’ refers to the virtual output in terms of the default name-array index. The second line of the
display indicates the logic state of the virtual output, as calculated by the FlexLogic™ equation for that output.
6.2.8 AUTORECLOSE
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ AUTORECLOSE
AUTORECLOSE AUTORECLOSE Range: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

SHOT COUNT: 0
The automatic reclosure shot count is shown here. 6

6.2.9 REMOTE DEVICES
a) STATUS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ REMOTE DEVICES STATUS
REMOTE DEVICES All REMOTE DEVICES Range: Yes, No

STATUS ONLINE: No
REMOTE DEVICE 1 Range: Online, Offline
MESSAGE
STATUS: Offline
MESSAGE
STATUS: Offline
↓

MESSAGE
STATUS: Offline
The present state of up to 16 programmed remote devices is shown here. The ALL REMOTE DEVICES ONLINE message indi-
cates whether or not all programmed remote devices are online. If the corresponding state is "No", then at least one
required remote device is not online.

b) STATISTICS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ REMOTE DEVICES STATISTICS Ö REMOTE DEVICE 1(16)
REMOTE DEVICE 1 REMOTE DEVICE 1

StNum: 0
REMOTE DEVICE 1
MESSAGE
SqNum: 0
Statistical data (two types) for up to 16 programmed remote devices is shown here.
The StNum number is obtained from the indicated remote device and is incremented whenever a change of state of at
least one DNA or UserSt bit occurs. The SqNum number is obtained from the indicated remote device and is incremented
whenever a GSSE message is sent. This number will rollover to zero when a count of 4 294 967 295 is incremented.
6.2.10 CHANNEL TESTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS
CHANNEL TESTS CHANNEL 1 Range: n/a, FAIL, OK

STATUS: n/a
CHANNEL 1 LOST Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1. Reset count to 0 through
MESSAGE the COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS menu.
PACKETS: 0
CHANNEL 1 LOCAL Range: n/a, FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
LOOPBCK STATUS: n/a
CHANNEL 1 REMOTE Range: n/a, FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
LOOPBCK STATUS: n/a
CHANNEL 1
MESSAGE
LOOP DELAY: 0.0 ms
CHANNEL 1 ASYMMETRY: Range: –10 to 10 ms in steps of 0.1
6 MESSAGE
+0.0 ms
CHANNEL 2 Range: n/a, FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
STATUS: n/a
CHANNEL 2 LOST Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1. Reset count to 0 through
MESSAGE the COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS menu.
PACKETS: 0
CHANNEL 2 LOCAL Range: n/a, FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
LOOPBCK STATUS: n/a
CHANNEL 2 REMOTE Range: n/a, FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
LOOPBCK STATUS: n/a
CHANNEL 2
MESSAGE
LOOP DELAY: 0.0 ms
CHANNEL 2 ASYMMETRY: Range: –10 to 10 ms in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
+0.0 ms
VALIDITY OF CHANNEL Range: n/a, FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
CONFIGURATION: n/a
PFLL Range: n/a, FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
STATUS: n/a
The status information for two channels is shown here. A brief description of each actual value is below:

• CHANNEL 1(2) STATUS: This represents the receiver status of each channel. If the value is “OK”, the 87L current dif-
ferential element is enabled and data is being received from the remote terminal; If the value is “FAIL”, the 87L element
is enabled and data is not being received from the remote terminal. If “n/a”, the 87L element is disabled.
• CHANNEL 1(2) LOST PACKETS: Current, timing, and control data is transmitted to the remote terminals in data pack-
ets at a rate of two packets per cycle. The number of lost packets represents data packets lost in transmission; this
count can be reset through the COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS menu.
• CHANNEL 1(2) LOCAL LOOPBACK STATUS: The result of the local loopback test is displayed here.
• CHANNEL 1(2) REMOTE LOOPBACK STATUS: The result of the remote loopback test is displayed here.
• CHANNEL 1(2) LOOP DELAY: Displays the round trip channel delay (including loopback processing time of the
remote relay) computed during a remote loopback test under normal relay operation, in milliseconds (ms).
• CHANNEL 1(2) ASYMMETRY: The result of channel asymmetry calculations derived from GPS signal is being dis-
played here for both channels if CHANNEL ASYMMETRY is “Enabled”. A positive “+” sign indicates the transit delay in the
transmitting direction is less than the delay in the receiving direction; a negative “–” sign indicates the transit delay in
the transmitting direction is more than the delay in the receiving direction. A displayed value of “0.0” indicates that
either asymmetry is not present or can not be estimated due to failure with local/remote GPS clock source.
• VALIDITY OF CHANNEL CONFIGURATION: The current state of the communications channel identification check,
and hence validity, is displayed here. If a remote relay ID number does not match the programmed number at the local
relay, the “FAIL” value is displayed. The “n/a” value appears if the local relay ID is set to a default value of “0” or if the
87L element is disabled. Refer to SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ L90 POWER SYSTEM section for more information
• PFLL STATUS: This value represents the status of the phase and frequency locked loop (PFLL) filter which uses tim-
ing information from local and remote terminals to synchronize the clocks of all terminals. If PFLL STATUS is “OK”, the
clocks of all terminals are synchronized and 87L protection is enabled. If it is “FAIL”, the clocks of all terminals are not
synchronized and 87L protection is disabled. If “n/a”, then PFLL is disabled.
At startup, the clocks of all terminals are not synchronized and the PFLL status displayed is “FAIL”. It takes
up to 8 seconds after startup for the value displayed to change from “FAIL” to “OK”.
NOTE
6.2.11 DIGITAL COUNTERS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ DIGITAL COUNTERS Ö DIGITAL COUNTERS Counter 1(8) 6
DIGITAL COUNTERS Counter 1 ACCUM:
Counter 1 0
Counter 1 FROZEN:
MESSAGE
0
Counter 1 FROZEN:
MESSAGE
YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS
Counter 1 MICROS:
MESSAGE
0
The present status of the eight digital counters is shown here. The status of each counter, with the user-defined counter
name, includes the accumulated and frozen counts (the count units label will also appear). Also included, is the date and
time stamp for the frozen count. The COUNTER 1 MICROS value refers to the microsecond portion of the time stamp.
6.2.12 SELECTOR SWITCHES
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ SELECTOR SWITCHES
SELECTOR SWITCHES SELECTOR SWITCH 1 Range: Current Position / 7

POSITION: 0/7
SELECTOR SWITCH 2 Range: Current Position / 7
MESSAGE
POSITION: 0/7

The display shows both the current position and the full range. The current position only (an integer from 0 through 7) is the
actual value.
6.2.13 FLEX STATES
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ FLEX STATES
FLEX STATES PARAM 1: Off Range: Off, On

Off
PARAM 2: Off Range: Off, On
MESSAGE
Off
↓
PARAM 256: Off Range: Off, On

MESSAGE
Off
There are 256 FlexState bits available. The second line value indicates the state of the given FlexState bit.
6.2.14 ETHERNET
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ ETHERNET
ETHERNET ETHERNET PRI LINK Range: Fail, OK

STATUS: OK
ETHERNET SEC LINK Range: Fail, OK
MESSAGE
STATUS: OK
These values indicate the status of the primary and secondary Ethernet links.
6.2.15 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS
6 PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ STATUS ÖØ IEC 61850 GOOSE UINTEGERS
IEC 61850 UINT INPUT 1

GOOSE UINTEGERS 0
UINT INPUT 2
MESSAGE
0
↓
UINT INPUT 16
MESSAGE
0
The IEC 61850 GGIO5 integer input data points are displayed in this menu. The GGIO5 integer data values are received
via IEC 61850 GOOSE messages sent from other devices.

6.2.16 ETHERNET SWITCH
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ ETHERNET SWITCH
ETHERNET SWITCH SWITCH 1 PORT Range: FAIL, OK

STATUS: OK
SWITCH 2 PORT Range: FAIL, OK
MESSAGE
STATUS: OK
↓
SWITCH 6 PORT Range: FAIL, OK

MESSAGE
STATUS: OK
SWITCH MAC ADDRESS: Range: standard MAC address format
MESSAGE
00A0F40138FA
These actual values appear only if the L90 is ordered with an Ethernet switch module (type 2S or 2T). The status informa-
tion for the Ethernet switch is shown in this menu.
• SWITCH 1 PORT STATUS to SWITCH 6 PORT STATUS: These values represents the receiver status of each port on
the Ethernet switch. If the value is “OK”, then data is being received from the remote terminal; If the value is “FAIL”,
then data is not being received from the remote terminal or the port is not connected.
• SWITCH MAC ADDRESS: This value displays the MAC address assigned to the Ethernet switch module.

6.3 METERING 6 ACTUAL VALUES
6.3METERING 6.3.1 METERING CONVENTIONS
a) UR CONVENTION FOR MEASURING POWER AND ENERGY

The following figure illustrates the conventions established for use in UR-series relays.
PER IEEE CONVENTIONS

Generator
PARAMETERS AS SEEN
G BY THE UR RELAY
Voltage +Q
VCG
WATTS = Positive IC
PF = Lead PF = Lag
VARS = Positive
PF = Lag IA
VAG -P +P
Current
IB IA
PF = Lag PF = Lead
UR RELAY
VBG -Q
M LOAD
- 1
Inductive Resistive S=VI
Generator
VCG
+Q
Voltage
PF = Lead PF = Lag
WATTS = Positive
IA
VARS = Negative IC
PF = Lead VAG -P +P
IA
Current
PF = Lag PF = Lead
IB
UR RELAY
VBG -Q
LOAD S=VI
6 Inductive
Resistive
Resistive
- 2
M LOAD
VCG +Q
Voltage
PF = Lead PF = Lag
IB
IA
WATTS = Negative
VAG
VARS = Negative -P +P
PF = Lag
IA
IC PF = Lag PF = Lead
Current
VBG
-Q
UR RELAY
G S=VI
- 3
Generator
Resistive
LOAD
VCG
+Q
Voltage IB
PF = Lead PF = Lag
WATTS = Negative IA
VARS = Positive VAG -P +P
PF = Lead
IC
IA
Current
PF = Lag PF = Lead
VBG -Q
UR RELAY
G 827239AC.CDR
- 4
S=VI
Generator
Figure 6–1: FLOW DIRECTION OF SIGNED VALUES FOR WATTS AND VARS

6 ACTUAL VALUES 6.3 METERING
b) UR CONVENTION FOR MEASURING PHASE ANGLES

All phasors calculated by UR-series relays and used for protection, control and metering functions are rotating phasors that
maintain the correct phase angle relationships with each other at all times.
For display and oscillography purposes, all phasor angles in a given relay are referred to an AC input channel pre-selected
by the SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ POWER SYSTEM ÖØ FREQUENCY AND PHASE REFERENCE setting. This setting
defines a particular AC signal source to be used as the reference.
The relay will first determine if any “Phase VT” bank is indicated in the source. If it is, voltage channel VA of that bank is
used as the angle reference. Otherwise, the relay determines if any “Aux VT” bank is indicated; if it is, the auxiliary voltage
channel of that bank is used as the angle reference. If neither of the two conditions is satisfied, then two more steps of this
hierarchical procedure to determine the reference signal include “Phase CT” bank and “Ground CT” bank.
If the AC signal pre-selected by the relay upon configuration is not measurable, the phase angles are not referenced. The
phase angles are assigned as positive in the leading direction, and are presented as negative in the lagging direction, to
more closely align with power system metering conventions. This is illustrated below.
-270o
-225o -315o
positive
angle
direction
-180o 0o
UR phase angle
reference
-135o -45o
-90o 827845A1.CDR
6
Figure 6–2: UR PHASE ANGLE MEASUREMENT CONVENTION
c) UR CONVENTION FOR MEASURING SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS

The UR-series of relays calculate voltage symmetrical components for the power system phase A line-to-neutral voltage,
and symmetrical components of the currents for the power system phase A current. Owing to the above definition, phase
angle relations between the symmetrical currents and voltages stay the same irrespective of the connection of instrument
transformers. This is important for setting directional protection elements that use symmetrical voltages.
For display and oscillography purposes the phase angles of symmetrical components are referenced to a common refer-
ence as described in the previous sub-section.
WYE-CONNECTED INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS:
• ABC phase rotation: • ACB phase rotation:
1 1
V_0 = --- ( V AG + V BG + V CG ) V_0 = --- ( V AG + V BG + V CG )
3 3
1 1 2
2
V_1 = --- ( V AG + aV BG + a V CG ) V_1 = --- ( V AG + a V BG + aV CG )
3 3
1 1 2
2
V_2 = --- ( V AG + a V BG + aV CG ) V_2 = --- ( V AG + aV BG + a V CG )
3 3
The above equations apply to currents as well.

DELTA-CONNECTED INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS:

• ABC phase rotation: • ACB phase rotation:
V_0 = N/A V_0 = N/A

1 ∠– 30 ° 1 ∠30° 2
2
V_1 = -------------------- ( V AB + aV BC + a V CA ) V_1 = ----------------- ( V AB + a V BC + aV CA )
3 3 3 3
∠ 1 ∠– 30 ° 2
1 30° 2
V_2 = ----------------- ( V AB + a V BC + aV CA ) V_2 = -------------------- ( V AB + aV BC + a V CA )
3 3 3 3
The zero-sequence voltage is not measurable under the Delta connection of instrument transformers and is defaulted to
zero. The table below shows an example of symmetrical components calculations for the ABC phase rotation.
Table 6–1: SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS CALCULATION EXAMPLE
SYSTEM VOLTAGES, SEC. V * VT RELAY INPUTS, SEC. V SYMM. COMP, SEC. V
CONN.
VAG VBG VCG VAB VBC VCA F5AC F6AC F7AC V0 V1 V2
13.9 76.2 79.7 84.9 138.3 85.4 WYE 13.9 76.2 79.7 19.5 56.5 23.3
∠0° ∠–125° ∠–250° ∠–313° ∠–97° ∠–241° ∠0° ∠–125° ∠–250° ∠–192° ∠–7° ∠–187°
UNKNOWN (only V1 and V2 84.9 138.3 85.4 DELTA 84.9 138.3 85.4 N/A 56.5 23.3
can be determined) ∠0° ∠–144° ∠–288° ∠0° ∠–144° ∠–288° ∠–54° ∠–234°
* The power system voltages are phase-referenced – for simplicity – to VAG and VAB, respectively. This, however, is a
relative matter. It is important to remember that the L90 displays are always referenced as specified under SETTINGS
ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ POWER SYSTEM ÖØ FREQUENCY AND PHASE REFERENCE.
The example above is illustrated in the following figure.
SYSTEM VOLTAGES SYMMETRICAL

COMPONENTS
UR phase angle
6
reference
1
UR phase angle
A
reference
WYE VTs
C
B
0
2
U
re R ph
fe a
re se
nc a
e ng
le
A U
1
re R ph
fe a
re se
nc a
e ng
DELTA VTs le
C
B
2
827844A1.CDR
Figure 6–3: MEASUREMENT CONVENTION FOR SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS

6.3.2 DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö 87L DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
87L DIFFERENTIAL LOCAL IA:

CURRENT 0.000 A 0.0°
LOCAL IB:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
LOCAL IC:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
TERMINAL 1 IA:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
TERMINAL 1 IB:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
TERMINAL 1 IC:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
TERMINAL 2 IA:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
TERMINAL 2 IB:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
TERMINAL 2 IC:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
IA DIFF. CURRENT:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
IA RESTR. CURRENT:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
IB DIFF. CURRENT:
6
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
IB RESTR. CURRENT:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
IC DIFF. CURRENT:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
IC RESTR. CURRENT:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
IG DIFF. CURRENT:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
IG RESTR. CURRENT:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
The metered current values are displayed for all line terminals in fundamental phasor form. All angles are shown with
respect to the reference common for all L90 devices; that is, frequency, source currents, and voltages. The metered pri-
mary differential and restraint currents are displayed for the local relay.
Terminal 1 refers to the communication channel 1 interface to a remote L90 at terminal 1. Terminal 2 refers
to the communication channel 2 interface to a remote L90 at terminal 2.
NOTE

6.3.3 SOURCES
a) MAIN MENU
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ SOURCE SRC1
SOURCE SRC 1 PHASE CURRENT

See page 6–14.
SRC 1
GROUND CURRENT
SRC 1
PHASE VOLTAGE
SRC 1
AUXILIARY VOLTAGE
SRC 1
POWER
SRC 1
ENERGY
SRC 1
DEMAND
SRC 1
FREQUENCY
SRC 1
This menu displays the metered values available for each source.
Metered values presented for each source depend on the phase and auxiliary VTs and phase and ground CTs assignments
for this particular source. For example, if no phase VT is assigned to this source, then any voltage, energy, and power val-
ues will be unavailable.
6 b) PHASE CURRENT METERING

PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 Ö PHASE CURRENT
PHASE CURRENT SRC 1 RMS Ia: 0.000

SRC 1 b: 0.000 c: 0.000 A
SRC 1 RMS Ia:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 RMS Ib:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 RMS Ic:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 RMS In:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 PHASOR Ia:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
SRC 1 PHASOR Ib:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
SRC 1 PHASOR Ic:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
SRC 1 PHASOR In:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°

SRC 1 ZERO SEQ I0:

MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
SRC 1 POS SEQ I1:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
SRC 1 NEG SEQ I2:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
The metered phase current values are displayed in this menu. The "SRC 1" text will be replaced by whatever name was
programmed by the user for the associated source (see SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL SOURCES).
c) GROUND CURRENT METERING

PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 ÖØ GROUND CURRENT
GROUND CURRENT SRC 1 RMS Ig:

SRC 1 0.000 A
SRC 1 PHASOR Ig:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
SRC 1 PHASOR Igd:
MESSAGE
0.000 A 0.0°
The metered ground current values are displayed in this menu. The "SRC 1" text will be replaced by whatever name was
d) PHASE VOLTAGE METERING

PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 Ö PHASE VOLTAGE
PHASE VOLTAGE SRC 1 RMS Vag:

SRC 1 0.00 V
SRC 1 RMS Vbg:
MESSAGE
0.00 V 6
SRC 1 RMS Vcg:
MESSAGE
0.00 V
SRC 1 PHASOR Vag:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
SRC 1 PHASOR Vbg:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
SRC 1 PHASOR Vcg:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
SRC 1 RMS Vab:
MESSAGE
0.00 V
SRC 1 RMS Vbc:
MESSAGE
0.00 V
SRC 1 RMS Vca:
MESSAGE
0.00 V
SRC 1 PHASOR Vab:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
SRC 1 PHASOR Vbc:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°

SRC 1 PHASOR Vca:

MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
SRC 1 ZERO SEQ V0:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
SRC 1 POS SEQ V1:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
SRC 1 NEG SEQ V2:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
The metered phase voltage values are displayed in this menu. The "SRC 1" text will be replaced by whatever name was
e) AUXILIARY VOLTAGE METERING

PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 ÖØ AUXILIARY VOLTAGE
AUXILIARY VOLTAGE SRC 1 RMS Vx:

SRC 1 0.00 V
SRC 1 PHASOR Vx:
MESSAGE
0.000 V 0.0°
The metered auxiliary voltage values are displayed in this menu. The "SRC 1" text will be replaced by whatever name was
f) POWER METERING
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 ÖØ POWER
POWER SRC 1 REAL POWER

SRC 1 3φ: 0.000 W
SRC 1 REAL POWER
6 MESSAGE
φa: 0.000 W
SRC 1 REAL POWER
MESSAGE
φb: 0.000 W
SRC 1 REAL POWER
MESSAGE
φc: 0.000 W
SRC 1 REACTIVE PWR
MESSAGE
3φ: 0.000 var
SRC 1 REACTIVE PWR
MESSAGE
φa: 0.000 var
SRC 1 REACTIVE PWR
MESSAGE
φb: 0.000 var
SRC 1 REACTIVE PWR
MESSAGE
φc: 0.000 var
SRC 1 APPARENT PWR
MESSAGE
3φ: 0.000 VA
SRC 1 APPARENT PWR
MESSAGE
φa: 0.000 VA
SRC 1 APPARENT PWR
MESSAGE
φb: 0.000 VA

SRC 1 APPARENT PWR

MESSAGE
φc: 0.000 VA
SRC 1 POWER FACTOR
MESSAGE
3φ: 1.000
SRC 1 POWER FACTOR
MESSAGE
φa: 1.000
SRC 1 POWER FACTOR
MESSAGE
φb: 1.000
SRC 1 POWER FACTOR
MESSAGE
φc: 1.000
The metered values for real, reactive, and apparent power, as well as power factor, are displayed in this menu. The "SRC
1" text will be replaced by whatever name was programmed by the user for the associated source (see SETTINGS ÖØ SYS-
TEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL SOURCES).
g) ENERGY METERING
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 ÖØ ENERGY
ENERGY SRC 1 POS WATTHOUR:

SRC 1 0.000 Wh
SRC 1 NEG WATTHOUR:
MESSAGE
0.000 Wh
SRC 1 POS VARHOUR:
MESSAGE
0.000 varh
SRC 1 NEG VARHOUR:
MESSAGE
0.000 varh
The metered values for real and reactive energy are displayed in this menu. The "SRC 1" text will be replaced by whatever
name was programmed by the user for the associated source (see SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL SOURCES). 6
Because energy values are accumulated, these values should be recorded and then reset immediately prior to changing
CT or VT characteristics.
h) DEMAND METERING
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 ÖØ DEMAND
DEMAND SRC 1 DMD IA:

SRC 1 0.000 A
SRC 1 DMD IA MAX:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 DMD IA DATE:
MESSAGE
2001/07/31 16:30:07
SRC 1 DMD IB:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 DMD IB MAX:
MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 DMD IB DATE:
MESSAGE
2001/07/31 16:30:07
SRC 1 DMD IC:
MESSAGE
0.000 A

SRC 1 DMD IC MAX:

MESSAGE
0.000 A
SRC 1 DMD IC DATE:
MESSAGE
2001/07/31 16:30:07
SRC 1 DMD W:
MESSAGE
0.000 W
SRC 1 DMD W MAX:
MESSAGE
0.000 W
SRC 1 DMD W DATE:
MESSAGE
2001/07/31 16:30:07
SRC 1 DMD VAR:
MESSAGE
0.000 var
SRC 1 DMD VAR MAX:
MESSAGE
0.000 var
SRC 1 DMD VAR DATE:
MESSAGE
2001/07/31 16:30:07
SRC 1 DMD VA:
MESSAGE
0.000 VA
SRC 1 DMD VA MAX:
MESSAGE
0.000 VA
SRC 1 DMD VA DATE:
MESSAGE
2001/07/31 16:30:07
The metered values for current and power demand are displayed in this menu. The "SRC 1" text will be replaced by what-
ever name was programmed by the user for the associated source (see SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL
SOURCES).
6 The relay measures (absolute values only) the source demand on each phase and average three phase demand for real,
reactive, and apparent power. These parameters can be monitored to reduce supplier demand penalties or for statistical
metering purposes. Demand calculations are based on the measurement type selected in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP
ÖØ DEMAND menu. For each quantity, the relay displays the demand over the most recent demand time interval, the maxi-
mum demand since the last maximum demand reset, and the time and date stamp of this maximum demand value. Maxi-
mum demand quantities can be reset to zero with the CLEAR RECORDS ÖØ CLEAR DEMAND RECORDS command.
i) FREQUENCY METERING
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö SOURCE SRC 1 ÖØ FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY SRC 1 FREQUENCY:

SRC 1 0.00 Hz
The metered frequency values are displayed in this menu. The "SRC 1" text will be replaced by whatever name was pro-
grammed by the user for the associated source (see SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL SOURCES).
SOURCE FREQUENCY is measured via software-implemented zero-crossing detection of an AC signal. The signal is either a
Clarke transformation of three-phase voltages or currents, auxiliary voltage, or ground current as per source configuration
(see the SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ POWER SYSTEM settings). The signal used for frequency estimation is low-pass filtered. The
final frequency measurement is passed through a validation filter that eliminates false readings due to signal distortions and
transients.
If the 87L function is enabled, then dedicated 87L frequency tracking is engaged. In this case, the relay uses the METERING
ÖØ TRACKING FREQUENCY Ö TRACKING FREQUENCY value for all computations, overriding the SOURCE FREQUENCY value.

6.3.4 SYNCHROCHECK
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ SYNCHROCHECK Ö SYNCHROCHECK 1(2)
SYNCHROCHECK 1 SYNCHROCHECK 1 DELTA

VOLT: 0.000 V
SYNCHROCHECK 1 DELTA
MESSAGE
PHASE: 0.0°
SYNCHROCHECK 1 DELTA
MESSAGE
FREQ: 0.00 Hz
The actual values menu for synchrocheck 2 is identical to that of synchrocheck 1. If a synchrocheck function setting is "Dis-
abled", the corresponding actual values menu item will not be displayed.
6.3.5 TRACKING FREQUENCY
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ TRACKING FREQUENCY
TRACKING FREQUENCY TRACKING FREQUENCY:

60.00 Hz
The tracking frequency is displayed here. The frequency is tracked based on configuration of the reference source. The
TRACKING FREQUENCY is based upon positive sequence current phasors from all line terminals and is synchronously
adjusted at all terminals. If currents are below 0.125 pu, then the NOMINAL FREQUENCY is used.
6.3.6 FLEXELEMENTS™
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ FLEXELEMENTS Ö FLEXELEMENT 1(8)
FLEXELEMENT 1 FLEXELEMENT 1
OpSig: 0.000 pu
6
The operating signals for the FlexElements™ are displayed in pu values using the following definitions of the base units.
Table 6–2: FLEXELEMENT™ BASE UNITS (Sheet 1 of 2)

RTDs BASE = 100°C
SOURCE CURRENT IBASE = maximum nominal primary RMS value of the +IN and –IN inputs
(SRC X Positive and Negative
Watthours); (SRC X Positive and
Negative Varhours)

Table 6–2: FLEXELEMENT™ BASE UNITS (Sheet 2 of 2)

SYNCHROCHECK VBASE = maximum primary RMS value of all the sources related to the +IN and –IN inputs
(Max Delta Volts)
6.3.7 IEC 61580 GOOSE ANALOG VALUES
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS
IEC 61850 ANALOG INPUT 1

GOOSE ANALOGS 0.000
ANALOG INPUT 2
MESSAGE
0.000
↓
ANALOG INPUT 16
MESSAGE
0.000
The IEC 61850 GGIO3 analog input data points are displayed in this menu. The GGIO3 analog data values are received
via IEC 61850 GOOSE messages sent from other devices.
6.3.8 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT 1(2)
WATTMETRIC
6 GROUND FAULT 1
WATT GND FLT 1:
0.000 W
This menu displays the wattmetric zero-sequence directional element operating power values.
6.3.9 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT Ö PMU 1(4)
PMU 1 PMU 1 VA: Range: Va or Vab per VT bank connection

0.0000 kV, 0.00°
PMU 1 VB: Range: Va or Vab per VT bank connection
MESSAGE
0.0000 kV, 0.00°
PMU 1 VC: Range: Va or Vab per VT bank connection
MESSAGE
0.0000 kV, 0.00°
PMU 1 VX:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kV, 0.00°
PMU 1 V1:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kV, 0.00°
PMU 1 V2:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kV, 0.00°
PMU 1 V0: Range: Substituted with zero if delta-connected VTs.
MESSAGE
0.0000 kV, 0.00°

PMU 1 IA:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kA, 0.00°
PMU 1 IB:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kA, 0.00°
PMU 1 IC:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kA, 0.00°
PMU 1 IG:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kA, 0.00°
PMU 1 I1:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kA, 0.00°
PMU 1 I2:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kA, 0.00°
PMU 1 I0:
MESSAGE
0.0000 kA, 0.00°
PMU 1 FREQUENCY:
MESSAGE
0.0000 Hz
PMU 1 df/dt:
MESSAGE
0.0000 Hz/s
PMU 1 CONFIG CHANGE Range: 0 to 65535
MESSAGE
COUNTER: 0
The above actual values are displayed without the corresponding time stamp as they become available per the recording
rate setting. Also, the recording post-filtering setting is applied to these values.
6.3.10 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ TRANSDUCER I/O DCMA INPUTS Ö DCMA INPUT xx 6
DCMA INPUT xx DCMA INPUT xx
0.000 mA
Actual values for each dcmA input channel that is enabled are displayed with the top line as the programmed channel ID
and the bottom line as the value followed by the programmed units.
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ TRANSDUCER I/O RTD INPUTS Ö RTD INPUT xx
RTD INPUT xx RTD INPUT xx

-50 °C
Actual values for each RTD input channel that is enabled are displayed with the top line as the programmed channel ID and
the bottom line as the value.

6.4 RECORDS 6 ACTUAL VALUES
6.4RECORDS 6.4.1 FAULT REPORTS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ RECORDS Ö FAULT REPORTS Ö FAULT REPORT 1(15)
NO FAULTS TO REPORT
or
FAULT REPORT 1 FAULT 1 Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4
LINE ID: SRC 1
FAULT 1 DATE: Range: YYYY/MM/DD
MESSAGE
2000/08/11
FAULT 1 TIME: Range: HH:MM:SS.ssssss
MESSAGE
00:00:00.000000
FAULT 1 TYPE: Range: not available if the source VTs are in the “Delta”
MESSAGE configuration
ABG
FAULT 1 LOCATION Range: not available if the source VTs are in the “Delta”
MESSAGE configuration
00.0 km
FAULT 1 FAULTED Range: N/A, Local (two-terminal configuration and local
MESSAGE section for three-terminal), Remote 1, Remote 2
SEGMENT: Local
(three-terminal configuration only)
FAULT 1 RECLOSE Range: where applicable
MESSAGE
SHOT: 0
The latest 15 fault reports can be stored. The most recent fault location calculation (when applicable) is displayed in this
menu, along with the date and time stamp of the event which triggered the calculation. See the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT
SETUP ÖØ FAULT REPORTS menu for assigning the source and trigger for fault calculations. Refer to the COMMANDS ÖØ
CLEAR RECORDS menu for manual clearing of the fault reports and to the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ CLEAR RELAY
RECORDS menu for automated clearing of the fault reports.
6 The faulted segment of the line is indicated when the synchronized voltage and currents method is used. When the faulted
segment can be determined, the FAULT 1 FAULTED SEGMENT value displays “N/A”. For three-terminal lines, the fault location
(distance to the fault) is reported as seen from the terminal adjacent to the fault.
6.4.2 EVENT RECORDS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ RECORDS ÖØ EVENT RECORDS
EVENT RECORDS EVENT: XXXX

RESET OP(PUSHBUTTON)
↓
EVENT: 3 EVENT 3
MESSAGE
POWER ON DATE: 2000/07/14
EVENT: 2 EVENT 3
MESSAGE
POWER OFF TIME: 14:53:00.03405
EVENT: 1
MESSAGE Date and Time Stamps
EVENTS CLEARED
The event records menu shows the contextual data associated with up to the last 1024 events, listed in chronological order
from most recent to oldest. If all 1024 event records have been filled, the oldest record will be removed as a new record is
added. Each event record shows the event identifier/sequence number, cause, and date/time stamp associated with the
event trigger. Refer to the COMMANDS Ø CLEAR RECORDS menu for clearing event records.

6 ACTUAL VALUES 6.4 RECORDS
6.4.3 OSCILLOGRAPHY
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ RECORDS ÖØ OSCILLOGRAPHY
OSCILLOGRAPHY FORCE TRIGGER? Range: No, Yes

No
NUMBER OF TRIGGERS:
MESSAGE
0
AVAILABLE RECORDS:
MESSAGE
0
CYCLES PER RECORD:
MESSAGE
0.0
LAST CLEARED DATE:
MESSAGE
2000/07/14 15:40:16
This menu allows the user to view the number of triggers involved and number of oscillography traces available. The
CYCLES PER RECORD value is calculated to account for the fixed amount of data storage for oscillography. See the Oscillog-
raphy section of chapter 5 for additional details.
A trigger can be forced here at any time by setting “Yes” to the FORCE TRIGGER? command. Refer to the COMMANDS ÖØ
CLEAR RECORDS menu for information on clearing the oscillography records.
6.4.4 DATA LOGGER
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ RECORDS ÖØ DATA LOGGER
DATA LOGGER OLDEST SAMPLE TIME:

2000/01/14 13:45:51
NEWEST SAMPLE TIME:
MESSAGE
2000/01/14 15:21:19
6
The OLDEST SAMPLE TIME represents the time at which the oldest available samples were taken. It will be static until the log
gets full, at which time it will start counting at the defined sampling rate. The NEWEST SAMPLE TIME represents the time the
most recent samples were taken. It counts up at the defined sampling rate. If the data logger channels are defined, then
both values are static.
Refer to the COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS menu for clearing data logger records.
6.4.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT RECORDS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö RECORDS ÖØ PMU RECORDS
PMU NUMBER OF TRIGGERS: Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1

RECORDS 0
PMU 1
MESSAGE See below.
RECORDING
The number of triggers applicable to the phasor measurement unit recorder is indicated by the NUMBER OF TRIGGERS value.
The status of the phasor measurement unit recorder is indicated as follows:

6.4 RECORDS 6 ACTUAL VALUES
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES Ö RECORDS ÖØ PMU RECORDS Ö PMU 1 RECORDING
PMU 1 PMU 1 FORCE TRIGGER: Range: No, Yes

RECORDING Yes
PUM 1 AVAILABLE Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
RECORDS: 0
PUM 1 SECONDS Range: 0 to 6553.5 in steps of 0.1
MESSAGE
PER RECORD: 0.0
PUM 1 LAST CLEARED: Range: date and time in format shown
MESSAGE
2005/07/14 015:40:16
6.4.6 BREAKER MAINTENANCE
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ RECORDS ÖØ MAINTENANCE Ö BREAKER 1(4)
BREAKER 1 BKR 1 ARCING AMP φA:

0.00 kA2-cyc
BKR 1 ARCING AMP φB:
MESSAGE
0.00 kA2-cyc
BKR 1 ARCING AMP φC:
MESSAGE
0.00 kA2-cyc
MESSAGE
φA: 0 ms
MESSAGE
φB: 0 ms
MESSAGE
φC: 0 ms
6 MESSAGE
BKR 1 OPERATING
TIME: 0 ms
There is an identical menu for each of the breakers. The BKR 1 ARCING AMP values are in units of kA2-cycles. Refer to the
COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS menu for clearing breaker arcing current records. The BREAKER OPERATING TIME is
defined as the slowest operating time of breaker poles that were initiated to open.

6 ACTUAL VALUES 6.5 PRODUCT INFORMATION
6.5PRODUCT INFORMATION 6.5.1 MODEL INFORMATION
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ PRODUCT INFO Ö MODEL INFORMATION
MODEL INFORMATION ORDER CODE LINE 1: Range: standard GE multilin order code format;
L90-E00-HCH-F8F-H6A example order code shown
ORDER CODE LINE 2: Range: standard GE multilin order code format

MESSAGE

MESSAGE

MESSAGE
SERIAL NUMBER: Range: standard GE multilin serial number format

MESSAGE
ETHERNET MAC ADDRESS Range: standard Ethernet MAC address format

MESSAGE
000000000000
MANUFACTURING DATE: Range: YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS
MESSAGE
0
PMU FEATURE ACTIVE: Range: Yes, No
MESSAGE
No
CT/ VT ADVANCED DIAG Range: Yes, No
MESSAGE
ACTIVE: No
OPERATING TIME: Range: opearting time in HH:MM:SS
MESSAGE
0:00:00
LAST SETTING CHANGE: Range: YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS
MESSAGE
1970/01/01 23:11:19
6
The order code, serial number, Ethernet MAC address, date and time of manufacture, and operating time are shown here.
6.5.2 FIRMWARE REVISIONS
PATH: ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ PRODUCT INFO ÖØ FIRMWARE REVISIONS
FIRMWARE REVISIONS UR Relay Range: 0.00 to 655.35

REVISION: 5.7x Revision number of the application firmware.
MODIFICATION FILE Range: 0 to 65535 (ID of the MOD FILE)

MESSAGE Value is 0 for each standard firmware release.
NUMBER: 0
BOOT PROGRAM Range: 0.00 to 655.35
MESSAGE Revision number of the boot program firmware.
REVISION: 3.01
FRONT PANEL PROGRAM Range: 0.00 to 655.35
MESSAGE Revision number of faceplate program firmware.
REVISION: 0.08
COMPILE DATE: Range: Any valid date and time.
MESSAGE Date and time when product firmware was built.
2004/09/15 04:55:16
BOOT DATE: Range: Any valid date and time.
MESSAGE Date and time when the boot program was built.
2004/09/15 16:41:32
The shown data is illustrative only. A modification file number of 0 indicates that, currently, no modifications have been
installed.

6.5 PRODUCT INFORMATION 6 ACTUAL VALUES

7 COMMANDS AND TARGETS 7.1 COMMANDS
7 COMMANDS AND TARGETS 7.1COMMANDS 7.1.1 COMMANDS MENU
COMMANDS
Ø
COMMANDS
MESSAGE
VIRTUAL INPUTS
COMMANDS
MESSAGE
CLEAR RECORDS
COMMANDS
MESSAGE
SET DATE AND TIME
COMMANDS
MESSAGE
RELAY MAINTENANCE
COMMANDS
MESSAGE
PMU ONE-SHOT
The commands menu contains relay directives intended for operations personnel. All commands can be protected from
unauthorized access via the command password; see the Security section of chapter 5 for details. The following flash mes-
sage appears after successfully command entry:
COMMAND
EXECUTED
PATH: COMMANDS Ö VIRTUAL INPUTS
COMMANDS Virt Ip 1 Range: Off, On

VIRTUAL INPUTS Off
Virt Ip 2 Range: Off, On
Off
↓
7
Virt Ip 64 Range: Off, On
MESSAGE
Off
The states of up to 64 virtual inputs are changed here. The first line of the display indicates the ID of the virtual input. The
second line indicates the current or selected status of the virtual input. This status will be a state off (logic 0) or on (logic 1).

7.1 COMMANDS 7 COMMANDS AND TARGETS
7.1.3 CLEAR RECORDS
PATH: COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS
COMMANDS CLEAR FAULT REPORTS? Range: No, Yes

CLEAR RECORDS No
CLEAR EVENT RECORDS? Range: No, Yes
No
CLEAR OSCILLOGRAPHY? Range: No, Yes
No
CLEAR DATA LOGGER? Range: No, Yes
No
CLEAR BREAKER 1 Range: No, Yes
ARCING AMPS? No
CLEAR BREAKER 2 Range: No, Yes
ARCING AMPS? No
CLEAR DEMAND Range: No, Yes
RECORDS?: No
CLEAR CHANNEL TEST Range: No, Yes
RECORDS? No
CLEAR ENERGY? Range: No, Yes
No
CLEAR UNAUTHORIZED Range: No, Yes
ACCESS? No
CLEAR PMU 1 RECORDS? Range: No, Yes
No
CLEAR PMU 1 CONFIG Range: No, Yes
CHANGE COUNTER? No
CLEAR ALL RELAY Range: No, Yes
RECORDS? No
7 This menu contains commands for clearing historical data such as the event records. Data is cleared by changing a com-
mand setting to “Yes” and pressing the ENTER key. After clearing data, the command setting automatically reverts to “No”.
7.1.4 SET DATE AND TIME
PATH: COMMANDS ÖØ SET DATE AND TIME
COMMANDS SET DATE AND TIME: (YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS)

SET DATE AND TIME 2000/01/14 13:47:03
The date and time can be entered here via the faceplate keypad only if the IRIG-B or SNTP signal is not in use. The time
setting is based on the 24-hour clock. The complete date, as a minimum, must be entered to allow execution of this com-
mand. The new time will take effect at the moment the ENTER key is clicked.

7.1.5 RELAY MAINTENANCE
PATH: COMMANDS ÖØ RELAY MAINTENANCE
COMMANDS PERFORM LAMPTEST? Range: No, Yes

RELAY MAINTENANCE No
UPDATE ORDER CODE? Range: No, Yes
No
SERVICE COMMAND: Range: 0, 101
0
This menu contains commands for relay maintenance purposes. Commands for the lamp test and order code are activated
by changing a command setting to “Yes” and pressing the ENTER key. The command setting will then automatically revert
to “No”. The service command is activated by entering a numerical code and pressing the ENTER key.
The PERFORM LAMPTEST command turns on all faceplate LEDs and display pixels for a short duration. The UPDATE
ORDER CODE command causes the relay to scan the backplane for the hardware modules and update the order code to
match. If an update occurs, the following message is shown.
UPDATING...
PLEASE WAIT
There is no impact if there have been no changes to the hardware modules. When an update does not occur, the ORDER
CODE NOT UPDATED message will be shown.
The SERVICE COMMAND is used to perform specific L90 service actions. Presently, there is only one service action available.
Code “101” is used to clear factory diagnostic information stored in the non-volatile memory. If a code other than “101” is
entered, the command will be ignored and no actions will be taken. Various self-checking diagnostics are performed in the
background while the L90 is running, and diagnostic information is stored on the non-volatile memory from time to time
based on the self-checking result. Although the diagnostic information is cleared before the L90 is shipped from the factory,
the user may want to clear the diagnostic information for themselves under certain circumstances. For example, it may be
desirable to clear diagnostic information after replacement of hardware. Once the diagnostic information is cleared, all self-
checking variables are reset to their initial state and diagnostics will restart from scratch.
7.1.6 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ONE-SHOT
PATH: COMMANDS ÖØ PMU ONE-SHOT
COMMANDS PMU ONE-SHOT Range: Enabled, Disabled

PMU ONE-SHOT FUNCTION: Disabled 7
PMU ONE-SHOT Range: 0 to nominal frequency – 1 in steps of 1
SEQUENCE NUMBER: 0
PMU ONE-SHOT TIME: Range: 24h time format
2005/06/14 7:58:35
This feature allows pre-scheduling a PMU measurement at a specific point in time. This functionality can be used to test for
accuracy of the PMU, and for manual collection of synchronized measurements through the system, as explained below.
When enabled, the function continuously compares the present time with the pre-set PMU ONE-SHOT TIME. When the two
times match, the function compares the present sequence number of the measured synchrophasors with the pre-set PMU
ONE-SHOT SEQUENCE NUMBER. When the two numbers match, the function freezes the synchrophasor actual values and
the corresponding protocol data items for 30 seconds. This allows manual read-out of the synchrophasor values for the pre-
set time and pre-set sequence number (via the faceplate display, supported communication protocols such as Modbus or
DNP, and the EnerVista UR Setup software).
When freezing the actual values the function also asserts a PMU ONE-SHOT OP FlexLogic™ operand. This operand may be
configured to drive an output contact and trigger an external measuring device such as a digital scope with the intent to ver-
ify the accuracy of the PMU under test.
With reference to the figure below, the PMU one-shot function (when enabled) controls three FlexLogic™ operands:

7.1 COMMANDS 7 COMMANDS AND TARGETS
• The PMU ONE-SHOT EXPIRED operand indicates that the one-shot operation has been executed, and the present time
is at least 30 seconds past the scheduled one-shot time.
• The PMU ONE-SHOT PENDING operand indicates that the one-shot operation is pending; that is, the present time is
before the scheduled one-shot time.
• The PMU ONE-SHOT OP operand indicates the one-shot operation and remains asserted for 30 seconds afterwards.
When the function is disabled, all three operands are de-asserted. The one-shot function applies to all logical PMUs of a
given L90 relay.
Figure 7–1: PMU ONE-SHOT FLEXLOGIC™ OPERANDS

TESTING ACCURACY OF THE PMU:
The one-shot feature can be used to test accuracy of the synchrophasor measurement. GPS-synchronized tests sets per-
form a similar function to PMUs: instead of measuring the phasor from physical signals with respect to the externally pro-
vided time reference, they produce the physical signals with respect to the externally provided time reference, given the
desired phasor values. Therefore the GPS-synchronized test sets cannot be automatically assumed more accurate then
the PMUs under test. This calls for a method to verify both the measuring device (PMU) and the source of signal (test set).
With reference to the figure below, the one-shot feature could be configured to trigger a high-accuracy scope to capture
both the time reference signal (rising edge of the 1 pps signal of the IRIG-B time reference), and the measured waveform.
The high-accuracy high-sampling rate record of the two signals captured by the scope can be processed using digital tools
to verify the magnitude and phase angle with respect to the time reference signal. As both the time reference and the mea-
sured signals are raw inputs to the PMU under test, their independently captured record, processed using third-party soft-
ware, is a good reference point for accuracy calculations. Such a record proves useful when discussing the test results, and
should be retained as a part of the testing documentation.
Note that the PMU under such test does not have to be connected to a real GPS receiver as the accuracy is measured with
7 respect to the timing reference provided to the PMU and not to the absolute UTC time. Therefore a simple IRIG-B genera-
tor could be used instead. Also, the test set does not have to support GPS synchronization. Any stable signal source can

be used. If both the PMU under test and the test set use the timing reference, they should be driven from the same IRIG-B
signal: either the same GPS receiver or IRIG-B generator. Otherwise, the setpoints of the test set and the PMU measure-
ments should not be compared as they are referenced to different time scales.
Figure 7–2: USING THE PMU ONE-SHOT FEATURE TO TEST SYNCHROPHASOR MEASUREMENT ACCURACY
COLLECTING SYNCHRONIZED MEASUREMENTS AD HOC:
The one-shot feature can be used for ad hoc collection of synchronized measurements in the network. Two or more PMU
can be pre-scheduled to freeze their measurements at the same time. When frozen the measurements could be collected
using EnerVista UR Setup or a protocol client.

7.2 TARGETS 7 COMMANDS AND TARGETS
7.2TARGETS 7.2.1 TARGETS MENU
TARGETS
Ø
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1: Displayed only if targets for this element are active.
MESSAGE Example shown.
LATCHED
DIGITAL ELEMENT 48: Displayed only if targets for this element are active.
MESSAGE Example shown.
LATCHED
MESSAGE
↓
↓
The status of any active targets will be displayed in the targets menu. If no targets are active, the display will read NO
ACTIVE TARGETS:
7.2.2 TARGET MESSAGES
When there are no active targets, the first target to become active will cause the display to immediately default to that mes-
sage. If there are active targets and the user is navigating through other messages, and when the default message timer
times out (i.e. the keypad has not been used for a determined period of time), the display will again default back to the tar-
get message.
The range of variables for the target messages is described below. Phase information will be included if applicable. If a tar-
get message status changes, the status with the highest priority will be displayed.
Table 7–1: TARGET MESSAGE PRIORITY STATUS

PRIORITY ACTIVE STATUS DESCRIPTION
1 OP element operated and still picked up
2 PKP element picked up and timed out
3 LATCHED element had operated but has dropped out
If a self test error is detected, a message appears indicating the cause of the error. For example UNIT NOT PROGRAMMED
indicates that the minimal relay settings have not been programmed.
7
7.2.3 RELAY SELF-TESTS
a) DESCRIPTION
The relay performs a number of self-test diagnostic checks to ensure device integrity. The two types of self-tests (major and
minor) are listed in the tables below. When either type of self-test error occurs, the Trouble LED Indicator will turn on and a
target message displayed. All errors record an event in the event recorder. Latched errors can be cleared by pressing the
RESET key, providing the condition is no longer present.
Major self-test errors also result in the following:
• The critical fail relay on the power supply module is de-energized.
• All other output relays are de-energized and are prevented from further operation.
• The faceplate In Service LED indicator is turned off.
• A RELAY OUT OF SERVICE event is recorded.

7 COMMANDS AND TARGETS 7.2 TARGETS
b) MAJOR SELF-TEST ERROR MESSAGES

The major self-test errors are listed and described below.
MODULE FAILURE___:
Contact Factory (xxx)
• Latched target message: Yes.

• Description of problem: Module hardware failure detected.
• How often the test is performed: Module dependent.
• What to do: Contact the factory and supply the failure code noted in the display. The “xxx” text identifies the failed mod-
ule (for example, F8L).
INCOMPATIBLE H/W:
Contact Factory (xxx)
• Description of problem: One or more installed hardware modules is not compatible with the L90 order code.
• How often the test is performed: Module dependent.
• What to do: Contact the factory and supply the failure code noted in the display. The “xxx” text identifies the failed mod-
ule (for example, F8L).
EQUIPMENT MISMATCH:
with 2nd line detail
• Latched target message: No.
• Description of problem: The configuration of modules does not match the order code stored in the L90.
• How often the test is performed: On power up. Afterwards, the backplane is checked for missing cards every five sec-
onds.
• What to do: Check all modules against the order code, ensure they are inserted properly, and cycle control power. If
the problem persists, contact the factory.
FLEXLOGIC ERROR:
with 2nd line detail 7
• Description of problem: A FlexLogic™ equation is incorrect.
• How often the test is performed: The test is event driven, performed whenever FlexLogic™ equations are modified.
• What to do: Finish all equation editing and use self tests to debug any errors.
UNIT NOT PROGRAMMED:

Check Settings
• Description of problem: The PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ INSTALLATION Ö RELAY SETTINGS setting indicates the L90 is not pro-
grammed.
• How often the test is performed: On power up and whenever the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ INSTALLATION Ö RELAY SETTINGS
setting is altered.
• What to do: Program all settings and then set PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ INSTALLATION Ö RELAY SETTINGS to “Programmed”.

c) MINOR SELF-TEST ERROR MESSAGES

Most of the minor self-test errors can be disabled. Refer to the settings in the User-programmable self-tests section in chap-
ter 5 for additional details.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
Replace Battery

• Description of problem: The battery is not functioning.
• How often the test is performed: The battery is monitored every five seconds. The error message is displayed after 60
seconds if the problem persists.
• What to do: Replace the battery located in the power supply module (1H or 1L).
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
Direct I/O Ring Break

• Description of problem: Direct input and output settings are configured for a ring, but the connection is not in a ring.
• How often the test is performed: Every second.
• What to do: Check direct input and output configuration and wiring.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
ENET MODULE OFFLINE

• Description of problem: The L90 has failed to detect the Ethernet switch.
• How often the test is performed: Monitored every five seconds. An error is issued after five consecutive failures.
• What to do: Check the L90 device and switch IP configuration settings. Check for incorrect UR port (port 7) settings on
the Ethernet switch. Check the power to the switch.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
ENET PORT # OFFLINE
7 • Latched target message: No.
• Description of problem: The Ethernet connection has failed for the specified port.
• How often the test is performed: Every five seconds.
• What to do: Check the Ethernet port connection on the switch.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
**Bad IRIG-B Signal**
• Description of problem: A bad IRIG-B input signal has been detected.
• How often the test is performed: Monitored whenever an IRIG-B signal is received.
• What to do: Ensure the following:
– The IRIG-B cable is properly connected.
– Proper cable functionality (that is, check for physical damage or perform a continuity test).
– The IRIG-B receiver is functioning.
– Check the input signal level (it may be less than specification).

7 COMMANDS AND TARGETS 7.2 TARGETS
If none of these apply, then contact the factory.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
Port ## Failure

• Description of problem: An Ethernet connection has failed.
• How often the test is performed: Monitored every five seconds.
• What to do: Check Ethernet connections. Port 1 is the primary port and port 2 is the secondary port.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
SNTP Failure

• Description of problem: The SNTP server is not responding.
• How often the test is performed: Every 10 to 60 seconds.
• What to do: Check SNTP configuration and network connections.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
4L Discrepancy

• Description of problem: A discrepancy has been detected between the actual and desired state of a latching contact
output of an installed type “4L” module.
• How often the test is performed: Upon initiation of a contact output state change.
• What to do: Verify the state of the output contact and contact the factory if the problem persists.
MAINTENANCE ALERT:
GGIO Ind xxx oscill

• Description of problem: A data item in a configurable GOOSE data set is oscillating.
• How often the test is performed: Upon scanning of each configurable GOOSE data set. 7
• What to do: The “xxx” text denotes the data item that has been detected as oscillating. Evaluate all logic pertaining to
this item.
DIRECT I/O FAILURE:

COMM Path Incomplete
• Description of problem: A direct device is configured but not connected.
• How often the test is performed: Every second.
• What to do: Check direct input and output configuration and wiring.
REMOTE DEVICE FAIL:

COMM Path Incomplete
• Description of problem: One or more GOOSE devices are not responding.

• How often the test is performed: Event driven. The test is performed when a device programmed to receive GOOSE
messages stops receiving. This can be from 1 to 60 seconds, depending on GOOSE packets.
• What to do: Check GOOSE setup.
TEMP MONITOR:
OVER TEMPERATURE

• Description of problem: The ambient temperature is greater than the maximum operating temperature (+80°C).
• How often the test is performed: Every hour.
• What to do: Remove the L90 from service and install in a location that meets operating temperature standards.
UNEXPECTED RESTART:
Press “RESET” key

• Description of problem: Abnormal restart from modules being removed or inserted while the L90 is powered-up, when
there is an abnormal DC supply, or as a result of internal relay failure.
• How often the test is performed: Event driven.
• What to do: Contact the factory.

8 SECURITY 8.1 PASSWORD SECURITY
8 SECURITY 8.1PASSWORD SECURITY 8.1.1 OVERVIEW
Two levels of password security are provided via the ACCESS LEVEL setting: command and setting. The factory service level
is not available and intended for factory use only.
The following operations are under command password supervision:
• Operating the breakers via faceplate keypad.
• Changing the state of virtual inputs.
• Clearing the event records.
• Clearing the oscillography records.
• Clearing fault reports.
• Changing the date and time.
• Clearing the breaker arcing current.
• Clearing energy records.
• Clearing the data logger.
• Clearing the user-programmable pushbutton states.
The following operations are under setting password supervision:
• Changing any setting.
• Test mode operation.
The command and setting passwords are defaulted to “0” when the relay is shipped from the factory. When a password is
set to “0”, the password security feature is disabled.
and the through the faceplate RS232 port. Remote access is defined as any access to settings or commands via any rear
communications port. This includes both Ethernet and RS485 connections. Any changes to the local or remote passwords
The PASSWORD ACCESS EVENTS settings allows recording of password access events in the event recorder.
The local setting and command sessions are initiated by the user through the front panel display and are disabled either by
the user or by timeout (via the setting and command level access timeout settings). The remote setting and command ses-
sions are initiated by the user through the EnerVista UR Setup software and are disabled either by the user or by timeout.
The state of the session (local or remote, setting or command) determines the state of the following FlexLogic™ operands.
• ACCESS LOC SETG OFF: Asserted when local setting access is disabled.
• ACCESS LOC SETG ON: Asserted when local setting access is enabled.
8
• ACCESS LOC CMND OFF: Asserted when local command access is disabled.
• ACCESS LOC CMND ON: Asserted when local command access is enabled.
• ACCESS REM SETG OFF: Asserted when remote setting access is disabled.
• ACCESS REM SETG ON: Asserted when remote setting access is enabled.
• ACCESS REM CMND OFF: Asserted when remote command access is disabled.
• ACCESS REM CMND ON: Asserted when remote command access is enabled.
The appropriate events are also logged in the Event Recorder as well. The FlexLogic™ operands and events are updated
every five seconds.

8.1 PASSWORD SECURITY 8 SECURITY
A command or setting write operation is required to update the state of all the remote and local security operands
shown above.
NOTE
8.1.2 PASSWORD SECURITY MENU
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY
SECURITY ACCESS LEVEL: Range: Restricted, Command, Setting,

Restricted Factory Service (for factory use only)
CHANGE LOCAL
PASSWORDS
ACCESS
SUPERVISION
DUAL PERMISSION
SECURITY ACCESS
PASSWORD ACCESS Range: Disabled, Enabled
MESSAGE
EVENTS: Disabled
8.1.3 LOCAL PASSWORDS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ CHANGE LOCAL PASSWORDS
CHANGE LOCAL CHANGE COMMAND Range: No, Yes

CHANGE SETTING Range: No, Yes
MESSAGE
PASSWORD: No
ENCRYPTED COMMAND Range: 0 to 9999999999
ENCRYPTED SETTING Range: 0 to 9999999999
Proper password codes are required to enable each access level. A password consists of 1 to 10 numerical characters.
When a CHANGE COMMAND PASSWORD or CHANGE SETTING PASSWORD setting is programmed to “Yes” via the front panel
interface, the following message sequence is invoked:
1. ENTER NEW PASSWORD: ____________.
2. VERIFY NEW PASSWORD: ____________.
3. NEW PASSWORD HAS BEEN STORED.
To gain write access to a “Restricted” setting, program the ACCESS LEVEL setting in the main security menu to “Setting” and
8 then change the setting, or attempt to change the setting and follow the prompt to enter the programmed password. If the
password is correctly entered, access will be allowed. Accessibility automatically reverts to the “Restricted” level according
to the access level timeout setting values.
If an entered password is lost (or forgotten), consult the factory with the corresponding ENCRYPTED PASSWORD.
If the setting and command passwords are identical, then this one password allows access to both com-
mands and settings.
NOTE

8.1.4 REMOTE PASSWORDS
The remote password settings are only visible from a remote connection via the EnerVista UR Setup software. Select the
Settings > Product Setup > Password Security menu item to open the remote password settings window.
Figure 8–1: REMOTE PASSWORD SETTINGS WINDOW

Proper passwords are required to enable each command or setting level access. A command or setting password consists
of 1 to 10 numerical characters and are initially programmed to “0”. The following procedure describes how the set the com-
mand or setting password.
1. Enter the new password in the Enter New Password field.
2. Re-enter the password in the Confirm New Password field.
3. Click the Change button. This button will not be active until the new password matches the confirmation password.
4. If the original password is not “0”, then enter the original password in the Enter Password field and click the Send
Password to Device button.
5. The new password is accepted and a value is assigned to the ENCRYPTED PASSWORD item.
If a command or setting password is lost (or forgotten), consult the factory with the corresponding Encrypted Password 8
value.
8.1.5 ACCESS SUPERVISION
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ ACCESS SUPERVISION
ACCESS ACCESS LEVEL

SUPERVISION TIMEOUTS
INVALID ATTEMPTS Range: 2 to 5 in steps of 1
MESSAGE
BEFORE LOCKOUT: 3
PASSWORD LOCKOUT Range: 5 to 60 minutes in steps of 1
MESSAGE
DURATION: 5 min

8.1 PASSWORD SECURITY 8 SECURITY
The following access supervision settings are available.

• INVALID ATTEMPTS BEFORE LOCKOUT: This setting specifies the number of times an incorrect password can be
entered within a three-minute time span before lockout occurs. When lockout occurs, the LOCAL ACCESS DENIED and
REMOTE ACCESS DENIED FlexLogic™ operands are set to “On”. These operands are returned to the “Off” state upon
expiration of the lockout.
• PASSWORD LOCKOUT DURATION: This setting specifies the time that the L90 will lockout password access after
the number of invalid password entries specified by the INVALID ATTEMPS BEFORE LOCKOUT setting has occurred.
The L90 provides a means to raise an alarm upon failed password entry. Should password verification fail while accessing
a password-protected level of the relay (either settings or commands), the UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS FlexLogic™ operand is
asserted. The operand can be programmed to raise an alarm via contact outputs or communications. This feature can be
used to protect against both unauthorized and accidental access attempts.
The UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS operand is reset with the COMMANDS ÖØ CLEAR RECORDS ÖØ RESET UNAUTHORIZED
ALARMS command. Therefore, to apply this feature with security, the command level should be password-protected. The
operand does not generate events or targets.
If events or targets are required, the UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS operand can be assigned to a digital element programmed
with event logs or targets enabled.
The access level timeout settings are shown below.
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ ACCESS SUPERVISION Ö ACCESS LEVEL TIMEOUTS
ACCESS LEVEL COMMAND LEVEL ACCESS Range: 5 to 480 minutes in steps of 1

TIMEOUTS TIMEOUT: 5 min
SETTING LEVEL ACCESS Range: 5 to 480 minutes in steps of 1
MESSAGE
TIMEOUT: 30 min
These settings allow the user to specify the length of inactivity required before returning to the restricted access level. Note
that the access level will set as restricted if control power is cycled.
• COMMAND LEVEL ACCESS TIMEOUT: This setting specifies the length of inactivity (no local or remote access)
• SETTING LEVEL ACCESS TIMEOUT: This setting specifies the length of inactivity (no local or remote access)
8.1.6 DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS
PATH: SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö SECURITY ÖØ DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS
DUAL PERMISSION LOCAL SETTING AUTH: Range: selected FlexLogic™ operands (see below)
SECURITY ACCESS On
REMOTE SETTING AUTH: Range: FlexLogic™ operand
MESSAGE
On
8 MESSAGE
ACCESS AUTH Range: 5 to 480 minutes in steps of 1
TIMEOUT: 30 min.
The dual permission security access feature provides a mechanism for customers to prevent unauthorized or unintended
upload of settings to a relay through the local or remote interfaces interface.
The following settings are available through the local (front panel) interface only.
• LOCAL SETTING AUTH: This setting is used for local (front panel or RS232 interface) setting access supervision.
Valid values for the FlexLogic™ operands are either “On” (default) or any physical “Contact Input ~~ On” value.
If this setting is “On“, then local setting access functions as normal; that is, a local setting password is required. If this
setting is any contact input on FlexLogic™ operand, then the operand must be asserted (set as on) prior to providing
the local setting password to gain setting access.

If setting access is not authorized for local operation (front panel or RS232 interface) and the user attempts to obtain
setting access, then the UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS message is displayed on the front panel.
• REMOTE SETTING AUTH: This setting is used for remote (Ethernet or RS485 interfaces) setting access supervision.
required). If this setting is “Off”, then remote setting access is blocked even if the correct remote setting password is
provided. If this setting is any other FlexLogic™ operand, then the operand must be asserted (set as on) prior to pro-
viding the remote setting password to gain setting access.
• ACCESS AUTH TIMEOUT: This setting represents the timeout delay for local setting access. This setting is applicable
when the LOCAL SETTING AUTH setting is programmed to any operand except “On”. The state of the FlexLogic™ oper-
and is continuously monitored for an off-to-on transition. When this occurs, local access is permitted and the timer pro-
grammed with the ACCESS AUTH TIMEOUT setting value is started. When this timer expires, local setting access is
immediately denied. If access is permitted and an off-to-on transition of the FlexLogic™ operand is detected, the time-
out is restarted. The status of this timer is updated every 5 seconds.
The following settings are available through the remote (EnerVista UR Setup) interface only. Select the Settings > Product
Setup > Security menu item to display the security settings window.
The Remote Settings Authorization setting is used for remote (Ethernet or RS485 interfaces) setting access supervision.
required). If this setting is “Off”, then remote setting access is blocked even if the correct remote setting password is pro-
vided. If this setting is any other FlexLogic™ operand, then the operand must be asserted (set as on) prior to providing the
remote setting password to gain setting access.
The Access Authorization Timeout setting represents the timeout delay remote setting access. This setting is applicable
when the Remote Settings Authorization setting is programmed to any operand except “On” or “Off”. The state of the
FlexLogic™ operand is continuously monitored for an off-to-on transition. When this occurs, remote setting access is per-
mitted and the timer programmed with the Access Authorization Timeout setting value is started. When this timer
expires, remote setting access is immediately denied. If access is permitted and an off-to-on transition of the FlexLogic™
operand is detected, the timeout is restarted. The status of this timer is updated every 5 seconds.

8.2 SETTINGS SECURITY 8 SECURITY
8.2SETTINGS SECURITY 8.2.1 SETTINGS TEMPLATES
Setting file templates simplify the configuration and commissioning of multiple relays that protect similar assets. An exam-
ple of this is a substation that has ten similar feeders protected by ten UR-series F60 relays.
In these situations, typically 90% or greater of the settings are identical between all devices. The templates feature allows
engineers to configure and test these common settings, then lock them so they are not available to users. For example,
these locked down settings can be hidden from view for field engineers, allowing them to quickly identify and concentrate
on the specific settings.
The remaining settings (typically 10% or less) can be specified as editable and be made available to field engineers install-
ing the devices. These will be settings such as protection element pickup values and CT and VT ratios.
The settings template mode allows the user to define which settings will be visible in EnerVista UR Setup. Settings tem-
plates can be applied to both settings files (settings file templates) and online devices (online settings templates). The func-
tionality is identical for both purposes.
The settings template feature requires that both the EnerVista UR Setup software and the L90 firmware are at ver-
sions 5.40 or higher.
NOTE
a) ENABLING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

The settings file template feature is disabled by default. The following procedure describes how to enable the settings tem-
plate for UR-series settings files.
1. Select a settings file from the offline window of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Right-click on the selected device or settings file and select the Template Mode > Create Template option.
The settings file template is now enabled and the file tree displayed in light blue. The settings file is now in template editing
mode.
Alternatively, the settings template can also be applied to online settings. The following procedure describes this process.
1. Select an installed device from the online window of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Right-click on the selected device and select the Template Mode > Create Template option.
The software will prompt for a template password. This password is required to use the template feature and must be
at least four characters in length.
8 3. Enter and re-enter the new password, then click OK to continue.
The online settings template is now enabled. The device is now in template editing mode.
b) EDITING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

The settings template editing feature allows the user to specify which settings are available for viewing and modification in
EnerVista UR Setup. By default, all settings except the FlexLogic™ equation editor settings are locked.
2. Select the Template Mode > Edit Template option to place the device in template editing mode.
3. Enter the template password then click OK.
4. Open the relevant settings windows that contain settings to be specified as viewable.

8 SECURITY 8.2 SETTINGS SECURITY
By default, all settings are specified as locked and displayed against a grey background. The icon on the upper right of
the settings window will also indicate that EnerVista UR Setup is in EDIT mode. The following example shows the
phase time overcurrent settings window in edit mode.
Figure 8–2: SETTINGS TEMPLATE VIEW, ALL SETTINGS SPECIFIED AS LOCKED

5. Specify which settings to make viewable by clicking on them.
The setting available to view will be displayed against a yellow background as shown below.
Figure 8–3: SETTINGS TEMPLATE VIEW, TWO SETTINGS SPECIFIED AS EDITABLE

6. Click on Save to save changes to the settings template.
7. Proceed through the settings tree to specify all viewable settings.
c) ADDING PASSWORD PROTECTION TO A TEMPLATE

8
It is highly recommended that templates be saved with password protection to maximize security.
The following procedure describes how to add password protection to a settings file template.
1. Select a settings file from the offline window on the left of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Selecting the Template Mode > Password Protect Template option.

The software will prompt for a template password. This password must be at least four characters in length.

The settings file template is now secured with password protection.
When templates are created for online settings, the password is added during the initial template creation step. It
does not need to be added after the template is created.
NOTE
d) VIEWING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

Once all necessary settings are specified for viewing, users are able to view the settings template on the online device or
settings file. There are two ways to specify the settings view with the settings template feature:
• Display only those settings available for editing.
• Display all settings, with settings not available for editing greyed-out.
Use the following procedure to only display settings available for editing.
2. Apply the template by selecting the Template Mode > View In Template Mode option.
Once the template has been applied, users will only be able to view and edit the settings specified by the template. The
effect of applying the template to the phase time overcurrent settings is shown below.
8
Phase time overcurrent window with template applied via
Phase time overcurrent settings window without template applied.
842858A1.CDR
Figure 8–4: APPLYING TEMPLATES VIA THE VIEW IN TEMPLATE MODE COMMAND

Viewing the settings in template mode also modifies the settings tree, showing only the settings categories that contain
editable settings. The effect of applying the template to a typical settings tree view is shown below.
Typical settings tree view without template applied. Typical settings tree view with template applied via
the Template Mode > View In Template Mode
command.
842860A1.CDR
Figure 8–5: APPLYING TEMPLATES VIA THE VIEW IN TEMPLATE MODE SETTINGS COMMAND
Use the following procedure to display settings available for editing and settings locked by the template.
2. Apply the template by selecting the Template Mode > View All Settings option.
Once the template has been applied, users will only be able to edit the settings specified by the template, but all settings
will be shown. The effect of applying the template to the phase time overcurrent settings is shown below.
Phase time overcurrent settings window without template applied. Phase time overcurrent window with template applied via
the Template Mode > View All Settings command.
8
842859A1.CDR
Figure 8–6: APPLYING TEMPLATES VIA THE VIEW ALL SETTINGS COMMAND
e) REMOVING THE SETTINGS TEMPLATE

It may be necessary at some point to remove a settings template. Once a template is removed, it cannot be reapplied and
it will be necessary to define a new settings template.
1. Select an installed device or settings file from the tree menu on the left of the EnerVista UR Setup main screen.
2. Select the Template Mode > Remove Settings Template option.
3. Enter the template password and click OK to continue.

4. Verify one more time that you wish to remove the template by clicking Yes.
The EnerVista software will remove all template information and all settings will be available.
8.2.2 SECURING AND LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS
The UR allows users to secure parts or all of a FlexLogic™ equation, preventing unauthorized viewing or modification of
critical FlexLogic™ applications. This is accomplished using the settings template feature to lock individual entries within
Secured FlexLogic™ equations will remain secure when files are sent to and retrieved from any UR-series device.
a) LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION ENTRIES

The following procedure describes how to lock individual entries of a FlexLogic™ equation.
1. Right-click the settings file or online device and select the Template Mode > Create Template item to enable the set-
tings template feature.
2. Select the FlexLogic > FlexLogic Equation Editor settings menu item.
By default, all FlexLogic™ entries are specified as viewable and displayed against a yellow background. The icon on
the upper right of the window will also indicate that EnerVista UR Setup is in EDIT mode.
3. Specify which entries to lock by clicking on them.
The locked entries will be displayed against a grey background as shown in the example below.
Figure 8–7: LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ ENTRIES IN EDIT MODE

4. Click on Save to save and apply changes to the settings template.
5. Select the Template Mode > View In Template Mode option to view the template.
6. Apply a password to the template then click OK to secure the FlexLogic™ equation.

Once the template has been applied, users will only be able to view and edit the FlexLogic™ entries not locked by the tem-
plate. The effect of applying the template to the FlexLogic™ entries in the above procedure is shown below.
Typical FlexLogic™ entries without template applied. Typical FlexLogic™ entries locked with template via
842861A1.CDR
Figure 8–8: LOCKING FLEXLOGIC ENTRIES THROUGH SETTING TEMPLATES

The FlexLogic™ entries are also shown as locked in the graphical view (as shown below) and on the front panel display.
8
Figure 8–9: SECURED FLEXLOGIC™ IN GRAPHICAL VIEW
b) LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS TO A SERIAL NUMBER

A settings file and associated FlexLogic™ equations can also be locked to a specific UR serial number. Once the desired
FlexLogic™ entries in a settings file have been secured, use the following procedure to lock the settings file to a specific
serial number.
1. Select the settings file in the offline window.
2. Right-click on the file and select the Edit Settings File Properties item.

The following window is displayed.
Figure 8–10: TYPICAL SETTINGS FILE PROPERTIES WINDOW

3. Enter the serial number of the L90 device to lock to the settings file in the Serial # Lock field.
The settings file and corresponding secure FlexLogic™ equations are now locked to the L90 device specified by the serial
number.
8.2.3 SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY
A traceability feature for settings files allows the user to quickly determine if the settings in a L90 device have been
changed since the time of installation from a settings file. When a settings file is transfered to a L90 device, the date, time,
and serial number of the L90 are sent back to EnerVista UR Setup and added to the settings file on the local PC. This infor-
mation can be compared with the L90 actual values at any later date to determine if security has been compromised.
The traceability information is only included in the settings file if a complete settings file is either transferred to the L90
device or obtained from the L90 device. Any partial settings transfers by way of drag and drop do not add the traceability
information to the settings file.
1 SETTINGS FILE TRANSFERRED

TO UR-SERIES DEVICE
The serial number and last setting change date

are stored in the UR-series device.
The serial number of the UR-series device and the file transfer
date are added to the settings file when settings files
are transferred to the device.
Compare transfer dates in the settings file and the

SERIAL NUMBER AND TRANSFER DATE
2
UR-series device to determine if security
has been compromised. SENT BACK TO ENERVISTA AND
ADDED TO SETTINGS FILE. 842864A1.CDR
Figure 8–11: SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY MECHANISM

With respect to the above diagram, the traceability feature is used as follows.

1. The transfer date of a setting file written to a L90 is logged in the relay and can be viewed via EnerVista UR Setup or
the front panel display. Likewise, the transfer date of a setting file saved to a local PC is logged in EnerVista UR Setup.
2. Comparing the dates stored in the relay and on the settings file at any time in the future will indicate if any changes
have been made to the relay configuration since the settings file was saved.
a) SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY INFORMATION

The serial number and file transfer date are saved in the settings files when they sent to an L90 device.
The L90 serial number and file transfer date are included in the settings file device definition within the EnerVista UR Setup
offline window as shown in the example below.
Traceability data in settings

file device definition
842863A1.CDR
Figure 8–12: DEVICE DEFINITION SHOWING TRACEABILITY DATA

This information is also available in printed settings file reports as shown in the example below.
Traceability data
in settings report
842862A1.CDR
8
Figure 8–13: SETTINGS FILE REPORT SHOWING TRACEABILITY DATA

b) ONLINE DEVICE TRACEABILITY INFORMATION

The L90 serial number and file transfer date are available for an online device through the actual values. Select the Actual
Values > Product Info > Model Information menu item within the EnerVista UR Setup online window as shown in the
example below.
Traceability data in online

device actual values page
842865A1.CDR
Figure 8–14: TRACEABILITY DATA IN ACTUAL VALUES WINDOW

This infomormation if also available from the front panel display through the following actual values:
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ PRODUCT INFO Ö MODEL INFORMATION ÖØ SERIAL NUMBER
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ PRODUCT INFO Ö MODEL INFORMATION ÖØ LAST SETTING CHANGE
c) ADDITIONAL TRACEABILITY RULES

The following additional rules apply for the traceability feature
• If the user changes any settings within the settings file in the offline window, then the traceability information is
removed from the settings file.
• If the user creates a new settings file, then no traceability information is included in the settings file.
• If the user converts an existing settings file to another revision, then any existing traceability information is removed
from the settings file.
• If the user duplicates an existing settings file, then any traceability information is transferred to the duplicate settings
file.

8 SECURITY 8.3 ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
8.3ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 8.3.1 OVERVIEW
The EnerVista security management system is a role-based access control (RBAC) system that allows a security adminis-
trator to easily manage the security privileges of multiple users. This allows for access control of URPlus-series devices by
multiple personnel within a substation and conforms to the principles of RBAC as defined in ANSI INCITS 359-2004. The
EnerVista security management system is disabled by default to allow the administrator direct access to the EnerVista soft-
ware after installation. It is recommended that security be enabled before placing the device in service.
8.3.2 ENABLING THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The EnerVista security management system is disabled by default. This allows access to the device immediately after
installation. When security is disabled, all users are granted administrator access.
1. Select the Security > User Management menu item to open the user management configuration window.
2. Check the Enable Security box in the lower-left corner to enable the security management system.
Security is now enabled for the EnerVista UR Setup software. It will now be necessary to enter a username and password
upon starting the software.
8.3.3 ADDING A NEW USER
The following pre-requisites are required to add new users to the EnerVista security management system.
• The user adding the new user must have administrator rights.
• The EnerVista security management system must be enabled.
8
The following procedure describes how to add new users.
2. Enter a username in the User field. The username must be between 4 and 20 characters in length.

8.3 ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 8 SECURITY
3. Select the user access rights by checking one or more of the fields shown.
The access rights are described in the following table

Table 8–1: ACCESS RIGHTS SUMMARY
FIELD DESCRIPTION
Delete Entry Checking this box will delete the user when exiting the user management configuration window.
Actual Values Checking this box allows the user to read actual values.
Settings Checking this box allows the user to read setting values.
Commands Checking this box allows the user to execute commands.
Event Recorder Checking this box allows the user to use the digital fault recorder.
FlexLogic Checking this box allows the user to read FlexLogic™ values.
Update Info Checking this box allows the user to write to any function to which they have read privileges. When any of
the Settings, Event Recorder, and FlexLogic boxes are checked by themselves, the user is granted read
access. When any of these are checked in conjunction with the Update Info box, they are granted read and
write access. The user will not be granted write access to functions that are not checked, even if the Update
Info field is checked.
Admin When this box is checked, the user will become an EnerVista URPlus Setup administrator, therefore
receiving all of the administrative rights. Exercise caution when granting administrator rights.
4. Click OK to add the new user to the security management system.
8.3.4 MODIFYING USER PRIVILEGES
The following pre-requisites are required to modify user privileges in the EnerVista security management system.
8 • The user modifying the privileges must have administrator rights.
• The EnerVista security management system must be enabled.
The following procedure describes how to modify user privileges.
2. Locate the username in the User field.

8 SECURITY 8.3 ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3. Modify the user access rights by checking or clearing one or more of the fields shown.
The access rights are described in the following table

Table 8–2: ACCESS RIGHTS SUMMARY
FIELD DESCRIPTION
Delete Entry Checking this box will delete the user when exiting the user management configuration window.
Actual Values Checking this box allows the user to read actual values.
Settings Checking this box allows the user to read setting values.
Commands Checking this box allows the user to execute commands.
Event Recorder Checking this box allows the user to use the digital fault recorder.
FlexLogic Checking this box allows the user to read FlexLogic™ values.
Update Info Checking this box allows the user to write to any function to which they have read privileges. When any of
the Settings, Event Recorder, and FlexLogic boxes are checked by themselves, the user is granted read
access. When any of these are checked in conjunction with the Update Info box, they are granted read and
write access. The user will not be granted write access to functions that are not checked, even if the Update
Info field is checked.
Admin When this box is checked, the user will become an EnerVista URPlus Setup administrator, therefore
receiving all of the administrative rights. Exercise caution when granting administrator rights.
4. Click OK to save the changes to user to the security management system.

8.3 ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 8 SECURITY

9 THEORY OF OPERATION 9.1 OVERVIEW
9 THEORY OF OPERATION 9.1OVERVIEW 9.1.1 L90 DESIGN
All differential techniques rely on the fact that under normal conditions, the sum of the currents entering each phase of a
transmission line from all connected terminals is equal to the charging current for that phase. Beyond the fundamental dif-
ferential principle, the three most important technical considerations are; data consolidation, restraint characteristic, and
sampling synchronization. The L90 uses new and unique concepts in these areas.
Data consolidation refers to the extraction of appropriate parameters to be transmitted from raw samples of transmission
line phase currents. By employing data consolidation, a balance is achieved between transient response and bandwidth
requirements. Consolidation is possible along two dimensions: time and phases. Time consolidation consists of combining
a time sequence of samples to reduce the required bandwidth. Phase consolidation consists of combining information from
three phases and neutral. Although phase consolidation is possible, it is generally not employed in digital schemes,
because it is desired to detect which phase is faulted. The L90 relay transmits data for all three phases.
Time consolidation reduces communications bandwidth requirements. Time consolidation also improves security by elimi-
nating the possibility of falsely interpreting a single corrupted data sample as a fault.
The L90 relay system uses a new consolidation technique called “phaselets”. Phaselets are partial sums of the terms
involved in a complete phasor computation. The use of phaselets in the L90 design improves the transient response perfor-
mance without increasing the bandwidth requirements.
Phaselets themselves are not the same as phasors, but they can be combined into phasors over any time window that is
aligned with an integral number of phaselets (see the Phaselet Computation section in this chapter for details). The number
of phaselets that must be transmitted per cycle per phase is the number of samples per cycle divided by the number of
samples per phaselet. The L90 design uses 64 samples per cycle and 32 samples per phaselet, leading to a phaselet com-
munication bandwidth requirement of 2 phaselets per cycle. Two phaselets per cycle fits comfortably within a communica-
tions bandwidth of 64 Kbaud, and can be used to detect faults within a half cycle plus channel delay.
The second major technical consideration is the restraint characteristic, which is the decision boundary between situations
that are declared to be a fault and those that are not. The L90 uses an innovative adaptive decision process based on an
on-line computation of the sources of measurement error. In this adaptive approach, the restraint region is an ellipse with
variable major axis, minor axis, and orientation. Parameters of the ellipse vary with time to make best use of the accuracy
of current measurements.
The third major element of L90 design is sampling synchronization. In order for a differential scheme to work, the data
being compared must be taken at the same time. This creates a challenge when data is taken at remote locations.
The GE approach to clock synchronization relies upon distributed synchronization. Distributed synchronization is accom-
plished by synchronizing the clocks to each other rather than to a master clock. Clocks are phase synchronized to each
other and frequency synchronized to the power system frequency. Each relay compares the phase of its clock to the phase
of the other clocks and compares the frequency of its clock to the power system frequency and makes appropriate adjust-
ments. As long as there are enough channels operating to provide protection, the clocks will be synchronized.
9.1.2 L90 ARCHITECTURE
The L90 system uses a peer to peer architecture in which the relays at every terminal are identical. Each relay computes
differential current and clocks are synchronized to each other in a distributed fashion. The peer to peer architecture is
based on two main concepts that reduce the dependence of the system on the communication channels: replication of pro-
tection and distributed synchronization.
Replication of protection means that each relay is designed to be able to provide protection for the entire system, and does
so whenever it has enough information. Thus a relay provides protection whenever it is able to communicate directly with
all other relays. For a multi-terminal system, the degree of replication is determined by the extent of communication inter-
connection. If there is a channel between every pair of relays, every relay provides protection. If channels are not provided
between every pair of relays, only those relays that are connected to all other relays provide protection. 9
Each L90 relay measures three phase currents 64 times per cycle. Synchronization in sampling is maintained throughout
the system via the distributed synchronization technique.
The next step is the removal of any decaying offset from each phase current measurement. This is done using a digital sim-
ulation of the so-called “mimic circuit” (based on the differential equation of the inductive circuit that generates the offset).
Next, phaselets are computed by each L90 for each phase from the outputs of the mimic calculation, and transmitted to the

9.1 OVERVIEW 9 THEORY OF OPERATION
other relay terminals. Also, the sum of the squares of the raw data samples is computed for each phase, and transmitted
with the phaselets.
At the receiving relay, the received phaselets are combined into phasors. Also, ground current is reconstructed from phase
information. An elliptical restraint region is computed by combining sources of measurement error. In addition to the
restraint region, a separate disturbance detector is used to enhance security.
The possibility of a fault is indicated by the detection of a disturbance as well as the sum of the current phasors falling out-
side of the elliptical restraint region. The statistical distance from the phasor to the restraint region is an indication of the
severity of the fault. To provide speed of response that is commensurate with fault severity, the distance is filtered. For mild
faults, filtering improves measurement precision at the expense of a slight delay, on the order of one cycle. Severe faults
are detected within a single phaselet. Whenever the sum of phasors falls within the elliptical restraint region, the system
assumes there is no fault, and uses whatever information is available for fine adjustment of the clocks.
9.1.3 REMOVAL OF DECAYING OFFSET
The inductive behavior of power system transmission lines gives rise to decaying exponential offsets during transient con-
ditions, which could lead to errors and interfere with the determination of how well measured current fits a sinewave.
The current signals are pre-filtered using an improved digital MIMIC filter. The filter removes effectively the DC compo-
nent(s) guaranteeing transient overshoot below 2% regardless of the initial magnitude and time constant of the dc compo-
nent(s). The filter has significantly better filtering properties for higher frequencies as compared with a classical MIMIC filter.
This was possible without introducing any significant phase delay thanks to the high sampling rate used by the relay. The
output of the MIMIC calculation is the input for the phaselet computation. The MIMIC computation is applied to the data
samples for each phase at each terminal. The equation shown is for one phase at one terminal.
9.1.4 PHASELET COMPUTATION
Phaselets are partial sums in the computation for fitting a sine function to measured samples. Each slave computes phase-
lets for each phase current and transmits phaselet information to the master for conversion into phasors. Phaselets enable
the efficient computation of phasors over sample windows that are not restricted to an integer multiple of a half cycle at the
power system frequency. Determining the fundamental power system frequency component of current data samples by
minimizing the sum of the squares of the errors gives rise to the first frequency component of the Discrete Fourier Trans-
form (DFT). In the case of a data window that is a multiple of a half cycle, the computation is simply sine and cosine
weighted sums of the data samples. In the case of a window that is not a multiple of a half-cycle, there is an additional cor-
rection that results from the sine and cosine functions not being orthogonal over such a window. However, the computation
can be expressed as a two by two matrix multiplication of the sine and cosine weighted sums.
Phaselets and sum of squares are computed for each phase at each terminal as follows. For the real part, we have:
N⁄ 2– 1
2π ( p + 1 ⁄ 2 -)⎞
4
I 1_Re_A ( k ) = ----
N
∑ i 1_f_A ( k – p ) ⋅ cos ⎛ -------------------------------
⎝ N ⎠ (EQ 9.1)
p=0
For the imaginary part, we have:
N⁄ 2– 1
2π ( p + 1 ⁄ 2 )-⎞
I 1_Im_A ( k ) 4-
= – ---
N
∑ i 1_f_A ( k – p ) ⋅ sin ⎛ -------------------------------
⎝ N ⎠
(EQ 9.2)
p=0
where: k is the present phaselet index,

N is the number of samples per cycle, and
9 p is the present sample index
The computation of phaselets and sum of squares is basically a consolidation process. The phaselet sums are converted
into stationary phasors by multiplying by a precomputed matrix. Phaselets and partial sums of squares are computed and
time stamped at each relay and communicated to the remote relay terminals, where they are added and the matrix multipli-
cation is performed. Since the sampling clocks are synchronized, the time stamp is simply a sequence number.

9.1.5 DISTURBANCE DETECTION
A disturbance detection algorithm is used to enhance security and to improve transient response. Conditions to detect a
disturbance include the magnitude of zero-sequence current, the magnitude of negative-sequence current, and changes in
positive, negative, or zero-sequence current. Normally, differential protection is performed using a full-cycle Fourier trans-
form. Continuous use of a full-cycle Fourier means that some pre-fault data is also used for computation – this may lead to
a slowdown in the operation of the differential function. To improve operating time, the window is resized to the half-cycle
Fourier once a disturbance is detected, thus removing pre-fault data.
9.1.6 FAULT DETECTION
Normally, the sum of the current phasors from all terminals is zero for each phase at every terminal. A fault is detected for a
phase when the sum of the current phasors from each terminal for that phase falls outside of a dynamic elliptical restraint
boundary for that phase. The severity of the fault is computed as follows for each phase.
The differential current is calculated as a sum of local and remote currents. The real part is expressed as:
I DIFF_RE_A = I LOC_PHASOR_RE_A + I REM1_PHASOR_RE_A + I REM2_PHASOR_RE_A (EQ 9.3)
The imaginary part is expressed as:

I DIFF_IM_A = I LOC_PHASOR_IM_A + I REM1_PHASOR_IM_A + I REM2_PHASOR_IM_A (EQ 9.4)
The differential current is squared for the severity equation:

2 2 2
( I DIFF_A ) = ( I DIFF_RE_A ) + ( I DIFF_IM_A ) (EQ 9.5)
The restraint current is composed from two distinctive terms: traditional and adaptive. Each relay calculates local portion of
the traditional and restraint current to be used locally and sent to remote peers for use with differential calculations. If more
than one CT are connected to the relay (breaker-and-the half applications), then a maximum of all (up to 4) currents is cho-
sen to be processed for traditional restraint:
The current chosen is expressed as:
2 2 2 2 2 2
( I LOC_TRAD_A ) = max ( ( I 1_MAG_A ) , ( I 2_MAG_A ) , ( I 3_MAG_A ) , ( I 4_MAG_A ) , ( I q_MAG_A ) ) (EQ 9.6)
This current is then processed with the slope (S1 and S2) and breakpoint (BP) settings to form a traditional part of the
restraint term for the local current as follows. For two-terminal systems, we have:
2 2
If ( I LOC_TRAD_A ) < BP
2 2
then ( I LOC_REST_TRAD_A ) = 2 ( S 1 ⋅ I LOC_TRAD_A ) (EQ 9.7)
2 2 2 2
else ( I LOC_REST_TRAD_A ) = 2 ( ( S 2 ⋅ I LOC_TRAD_A ) – ( S 2 ⋅ BP ) ) + 2 ( S 1 ⋅ BP )
For three-terminal systems we have

2 2
If ( I LOC_TRAD_A ) < BP
2 4 2
then ( I LOC_REST_TRAD_A ) = --- ( S 1 ⋅ I LOC_TRAD_A ) (EQ 9.8)
3
2 4 2 2 4 2
else ( I LOC_REST_TRAD_A ) = --- ( ( S 2 ⋅ I LOC_TRAD_A ) – ( S 2 ⋅ BP ) ) + --- ( S 1 ⋅ BP )
3 3
The final restraint current sent to peers and used locally in differential calculations is as follows: 9
2 2
I LOC_RESTRAINT_A = ( I LOC_REST_TRAD_A ) + MULT A ⋅ ( I LOC_ADA_A ) (EQ 9.9)
where: MULTA is a multiplier that increases restraint if CT saturation is detected (see CT Saturation Detection for details);
ILOC_ADA_A is an adaptive restraint term (see Online Estimate Of Measurement Error for details)
The squared restraining current is calculated as a sum of squared local and all remote restraints:

2 2 2 2
( I REST_A ) = ( I LOC_PHASOR_RESTRAINT_A ) + ( I REM1_PHASOR_RESTRAINT_A ) + ( I REM2_PHASOR_RESTRAINT_A ) (EQ 9.10)
The fault severity for each phase is determined by following equation:

2 2 2
S A = ( I DIFF_A ) – ( 2P + ( I REST_A ) ) (EQ 9.11)
where P is the pickup setting.

This equation is based on the adaptive strategy and yields an elliptical restraint characteristic. The elliptical area is the
restraint region. When the adaptive portion of the restraint current is small, the restraint region shrinks. When the adaptive
portion of the restraint current increases, the restraint region grows to reflect the uncertainty of the measurement. The com-
puted severity increases with the probability that the sum of the measured currents indicates a fault. With the exception of
“Restraint”, all quantities are defined in previous sections. “Adaptive Restraint” is a restraint multiplier, analogous to the
slope setting of traditional differential approaches, for adjusting the sensitivity of the relay.
Raising the restraint multiplier corresponds to demanding a greater confidence interval, and has the effect of decreasing
sensitivity while lowering it is equivalent to relaxing the confidence interval and increases sensitivity. Thus, the restraint
multiplier is an application adjustment that is used to achieve the desired balance between sensitivity and security. The
computed severity is zero when the operate phasor is on the elliptical boundary, is negative inside the boundary, and posi-
tive outside the boundary. Outside of the restraint boundary, the computed severity grows as the square of the fault current.
The restraint area grows as the square of the error in the measurements.
9.1.7 GROUND DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT
The line ground differential function allows sensitive ground protection for single-line to-ground faults, allowing the phase
differential element to be set higher (above load) to provide protection for multi-phase faults. The L90 ground differential
function calculates ground differential current from all terminal phase currents. The maximum phase current is used for the
restraint. The L90 is applied in dual-breaker applications to cope with significant through current at remote terminals that
may cause CT errors or saturation.
The line ground differential function uses the same CT matched and time-aligned phasors as the phase-segregated current
differential function. The operate signal is calculated for both real and imaginary parts as follows:
I OP_87G_RE = I LOC_PHASOR_RE_A + I LOC_PHASOR_RE_B + I LOC_PHASOR_RE_C + I REM1_PHASOR_RE_A + I REM1_PHASOR_RE_B
(EQ 9.12)
+ I REM1_PHASOR_RE_C + I REM2_PHASOR_RE_A + I REM2_PHASOR_RE_B + I REM2_PHASOR_RE_C
I OP_87G_IM = I LOC_PHASOR_IM_A + I LOC_PHASOR_IM_B + I LOC_PHASOR_IM_C + I REM1_PHASOR_IM_A + I REM1_PHASOR_IM_B

(EQ 9.13)
+ I REM1_PHASOR_IM_C + I REM2_PHASOR_IM_A + I REM2_PHASOR_IM_B + I REM2_PHASOR_IM_C
The terms for the second remote terminal are omitted in two-terminal applications.
The maximum through current is available locally and re-constructed from the received remote restraint based on the max-
imum remote restraint current shown in the previous section and as indicated below.
For two-terminal applications:
2
2 2 2 ( I REM_RESTRAINT_A )
If ( I REM_REST_A ) < BP , then ( I REM_REST_A ) = ----------------------------------------------------
-
2
2S 1
(EQ 9.14)
2 2
( I REM_RESTRAINT_A ) – 2 ( S 1 × BP )
2 2
else ( I REM_REST_A ) = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- + BP
2
2S 2
9 For three-terminal applications:

2
2 2 2 ( I REM_RESTRAINT_A )
If ( I REM_REST_A ) < BP , then ( I REM_REST_A ) = ----------------------------------------------------
-
4 2
--- × S
3 1
(EQ 9.15)
2 4 2
( I REM_RESTRAINT_A ) – --- ( S 1 × BP )
2 3
else ( I REM_REST_A ) = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + BP
2
4 2
--- × S 2
3
The 87G restraining signal is calculated as follows:
2 2 2 2 2 2
( I RES_87G ) = max ( ( I LOC_REST_A ) , ( I LOC_REST_B ) , ( I LOC_REST_C ) , ( I REM1_REST_A ) , ( I REM1_REST_B ) ,
(EQ 9.16)
2 2 2 2
( I REM1_REST_C ) , ( I REM2_REST_A ) , ( I REM2_REST_B ) , ( I REM2_REST_C ) )
The terms for the second remote terminal are omitted in two-terminal applications.
2
The operate signal for the ground differential function, ( I OP_87G ) , is then calculated as:
2 2 2
( I OP_87G ) = ( I OP_87G_RE ) + ( I OP_87G_IM ) (EQ 9.17)
2
The restraint signal, ( I 87G ) , is calculated as follows for two-terminal applications:
2 2 2
( I 87G ) = 2S 87G × ( I RES_87G ) (EQ 9.18)
2
The restraint signal, ( I 87G ) , is calculated as follows for three-terminal applications:
2 4 2 2
( I 87G ) = --- × S 87G × ( I RES_87G ) (EQ 9.19)
3
where S 87G is the slope setting for the ground differential function.
The ground differential element picks up if the following condition holds.
2 2 2 2 2
( ( I OP_87G ) – ( 2P 87G + ( I 87G ) ) > 0 ) and ( ( I RES_87G ) < ( 3 pu ) ) (EQ 9.20)
where P 87G is the pickup setting for the ground differential function.
In other words, when the squared magnitude of the operating signal is greater than the total restraining squared signal, the
element operates. For additional security, the function is blocked if the restraining signal is high, indicating the 87LG func-
tion is not required to clear high-current faults, allowing for more sensitive settings to be used for the 87LG function.
9.1.8 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION
Synchronization of data sampling clocks is needed in a digital differential protection scheme, because measurements must
be made at the same time. Synchronization errors show up as phase angle and transient errors in phasor measurements at
the terminals. By phase angle errors, we mean that identical currents produce phasors with different phase angles. By tran-
sient errors, we mean that when currents change at the same time, the effect is seen at different times at different measure-
ment points. For best results, samples should be taken simultaneously at all terminals.
In the case of peer to peer architecture, synchronization is accomplished by synchronizing the clocks to each other rather
than to a master clock. Each relay compares the phase of its clock to the phase of the other clocks and compares the fre-
quency of its clock to the power system frequency and makes appropriate adjustments. The frequency and phase tracking
algorithm keeps the measurements at all relays within a plus or minus 25 microsecond error during normal conditions for a
2 or 3 terminal system. For 4 or more terminals the error may be somewhat higher, depending on the quality of the commu-
nications channels. The algorithm is unconditionally stable. In the case of 2 and 3 terminal systems, asymmetric communi- 9
cations channel delay is automatically compensated for. In all cases, an estimate of phase error is computed and used to
automatically adapt the restraint region to compensate. Frequency tracking is provided that will accommodate any fre-
quency shift normally encountered in power systems.

9.1.9 FREQUENCY TRACKING AND PHASE LOCKING
Each relay has a digital clock that determines when to take data samples and which is phase synchronized to all other
clocks in the system and frequency synchronized to the power system frequency. Phase synchronization drives the relative
timing error between clocks to zero, and is needed to control the uncertainty in the phase angle of phasor measurements,
which will be held to under 26 microseconds (0.6 degrees). Frequency synchronization to the power system eliminates a
source of error in phasor measurements that arises when data samples do not exactly span one cycle.
The block diagram for clock control for a two terminal system is shown in Figure 8–4. Each relay makes a local estimate of
the difference between the power system frequency and the clock frequency based on the rotation of phasors. Each relay
also makes a local estimate of the time difference between its clock and the other clocks either by exchanging timing infor-
mation over communications channels or from information that is in the current phasors, depending on whichever one is
more accurate at any given time. A loop filter then uses the frequency and phase angle deviation information to make fine
adjustments to the clock frequency. Frequency tracking starts if the current at one or more terminals is above 0.125 pu of
nominal; otherwise, the nominal frequency is used.
RELAY 1 RELAY 2
f System f
+ Frequency +
_ _
Compute Compute
Frequency Frequency
f – f1 Deviation f1 f2 Deviation f – f2
+ +
+ Phase Frequency Phase Frequency +
Loop Filter Loop Filter
+ +
ϕ1 ϕ2
(ϕ2 – ϕ1)/2 Ping-Pong time stamps Ping-Pong (ϕ2 – ϕ1)/2

Phase Phase
Deviation Deviation
(θ2 – θ1)/2 GPS time stamps GPS (θ2 – θ1)/2

Phase Phase
Deviation Deviation
θ θ
GPS GPS
Clock Clock
831026A1.CDR
Figure 9–1: BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION IN A TWO-TERMINAL SYSTEM

The L90 provides sensitive digital current differential protection by computing differential current from current phasors. To
improve sensitivity, the clocks are controlling current sampling are closely synchronized via the ping-pong algorithm. How-
ever, this algorithm assumes the communication channel delay is identical in each direction. If the delays are not the same,
the error between current phasors is equal to half of the transmit-receive time difference. If the error is high enough, the
relay perceives the “apparent” differential current and misoperates.
For applications where the communication channel is not symmetric (for example, SONET ring), the L90 allows the use of
GPS (Global Positioning System) to compensate for the channel delay asymmetry. This feature requires a GPS receiver to
provide a GPS clock signal to the L90 IRIG-B input. With this option there are two clocks as each terminal: a local sampling
9 clock and a local GPS clock. The sampling clock controls data sampling while the GPS clock provides an accurate, abso-
lute time reference used to measure channel asymmetry. The local sampling clocks are synchronized to each other in
phase and to the power system in frequency. The local GPS clocks are synchronized to GPS time using the externally pro-
vided GPS time signal.
GPS time stamp is included in the transmitted packet along with the sampling clock time stamp. Both sampling clock devia-
tion and channel asymmetry are computed from the four time-stamps. One half of the channel asymmetry is then sub-
tracted from the computed sampling clock deviation. The compensated deviation drives the phase and frequency lock loop

(PFLL) as shown on the diagram above. If GPS time reference is lost, the channel asymmetry compensation is not
enabled, and the relay clock may start to drift and accumulate differential error. In this case, the 87L function has to be
blocked. Refer to Chapter 9: Application of Settings for samples of how to program the relay.
9.1.10 FREQUENCY DETECTION
Estimation of frequency deviation is done locally at each relay based on rotation of positive sequence current, or on rotation
of positive sequence voltage, if it is available. The counter clockwise rotation rate is proportional to the difference between
the desired clock frequency and the actual clock frequency. With the peer to peer architecture, there is redundant frequency
tracking, so it is not necessary that all terminals perform frequency detection.
Normally each relay will detect frequency deviation, but if there is no current flowing nor voltage measurement available at
a particular relay, it will not be able to detect frequency deviation. In that case, the frequency deviation input to the loop filter
is set to zero and frequency tracking is still achieved because of phase locking to the other clocks. If frequency detection is
lost at all terminals because there is no current flowing then the clocks continue to operate at the frequency present at the
time of the loss of frequency detection. Tracking will resume as soon as there is current.
The rotational rate of phasors is equal to the difference between the power system frequency and the ratio of the sampling
frequency divided by the number of samples per cycle. The correction is computed once per power system cycle at each
relay. For conciseness, we use a phasor notation:
I ( n ) = Re ( Phasor n ) + j ⋅ Im ( Phasor n )
I a, k ( n ) = I ( n ) for phase a from the kth terminal at time step n
(EQ 9.21)
I b, k ( n ) = I ( n ) for phase b from the kth terminal at time step n
I c, k ( n ) = I ( n ) for phase c from the kth terminal at time step n
Each terminal computes positive sequence current:

1 j2π ⁄ 3 j2π ⁄ 3
I pos, k ( n ) = --- ( I a, k ( n ) + I b, k ( n ) ⋅ e + I c, k ( n ) ⋅ e ) (EQ 9.22)
3
Each relay computes a quantity derived from the positive sequence current that is indicative of the amount of rotation from
one cycle to the next, by computing the product of the positive sequence current times the complex conjugate of the posi-
tive sequence current from the previous cycle:
Deviation k ( n ) = I pos, k ( n ) × I pos, k ( n – N )∗ (EQ 9.23)
The angle of the deviation phasor for each relay is proportional to the frequency deviation at that terminal. Since the clock
synchronization method maintains frequency synchronism, the frequency deviation is approximately the same for each
relay. The clock deviation frequency is computed from the deviation phasor:
–1
FrequencyDeviation = Δ tan ( Im ( Deviation ) ⁄ Re ( Deviation ) )-
-----f = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (EQ 9.24)
f 2π
Note that a four quadrant arctangent can be computed by taking the imaginary and the real part of the deviation separately
for the two arguments of the four quadrant arctangent. Also note that the input to the loop filter is in radian frequency which
is two pi times the frequency in cycles per second; that is, Δω = 2π ⋅ Δf .
So the radian frequency deviation can be calculated simply as:
–1
Δω = Δf ⋅ tan ( Im ( Deviation ) ⁄ Re ( Deviation ) ) (EQ 9.25)
9.1.11 PHASE DETECTION

9
There are two separate sources of clock phase information; exchange of time stamps over the communications channels
and the current measurements themselves (although voltage measurements can be used to provide frequency information,
they cannot be used for phase detection). Current measurements can generally provide the most accurate information, but
are not always available and may contain large errors during faults or switching transients. Time stamped messages are

the most reliable source of phase information but suffer from a phase offset due to a difference in the channel delays in
each direction between a pair of relays. In some cases, one or both directions may be switched to a different physical path,
leading to gross phase error.
The primary source of phase information are CPU time-tagged messages. If GPS compensation is enabled, GPS time
stamps are used to compensate for asymmetry. In all cases, frequency deviation information is also used when available.
The phase difference between a pair of clocks is computed by an exchange of time stamps. Each relay exchanges time
stamps with all other relays that can be reached.
It is not necessary to exchange stamps with every relay, and the method works even with some of the channels failed. For
each relay that a given relay can exchange time stamps with, the clock deviation is computed each time a complete set of
time stamps arrives. The net deviation is the total deviation divided by the total number of relays involved in the exchange.
For example, in the case of two terminals, each relay computes a single time deviation from time stamps, and divides the
result by two. In the case of three terminals, each relay computes two time deviations and divides the result by three. If a
channel is lost, the single deviation that remains is divided by two.
Four time stamps are needed to compute round trip delay time and phase deviation. Three stamps are included in the mes-
sage in each direction. The fourth time stamp is the time when the message is received. Each time a message is received
the oldest two stamps of the four time stamps are saved to become the first two time stamps of the next outgoing message.
The third time stamp of an outgoing message is the time when the message is transmitted. A fixed time shift is allowed
between the stamp values and the actual events, provided the shift for outgoing message time stamps is the same for all
relays, and the shift incoming message time stamps is also identical.
To reduce bandwidth requirements, time stamps are spread over 3 messages. In the case of systems with 4 messages per
cycle, time stamps are sent out on three of the four messages, so a complete set is sent once per cycle. In the case of sys-
tems with 1 message per cycle, three time stamps are sent out each cycle in a single message. The transmit and receive
time stamps are based on the first message in the sequence.
One of the strengths of this approach is that it is not necessary to explicitly identify or match time stamp messages. Usually,
two of the time stamps in an outgoing message are simply taken from the last incoming message. The third time stamp is
the transmittal time. However, there are two circumstances when these time stamps are not available. One situation is
when the first message is transmitted by a given relay. The second is when the exchange is broken long enough to invali-
date the last received set of time stamps (if the exchange is broken for longer than 66 ms, the time stamps from a given
clock could roll over twice, invalidating time difference computations). In either of these situations, the next outgoing set of
time stamps is a special start-up set containing transmittal time only. When such a message is received, nothing is com-
puted from it, except the message time stamp and the received time stamp are saved for the next outgoing message (it is
neither necessary nor desirable to “reset” the local clock when such a message is received).
Error analysis shows that time stamp requirements are not very stringent because of the smoothing behavior of the phase
locked loop. The time stamp can be basically a sample count with enough bits to cover the worst round trip, including chan-
nel delay and processing delay. An 8 bit time stamp with 1 bit corresponding to 1/64 of a cycle will accommodate a round
trip delay of up to 4 cycles, which should be more than adequate.
The computation of round trip delay and phase offset from four time stamps is as follows:
a = Ti – 2 – Ti – 3
b = Ti – Ti – 1
δi = a + b (EQ 9.26)
θi = a – b-
-----------
2
The Ts are the time stamps, with Ti the newest. Delta is the round trip delay. Theta is the clock offset, and is the correct sign
for the feedback loop. Note that the time stamps are unsigned numbers that wrap around, while a and b can be positive or
9 negative; δi must be positive and θi can be positive or negative. Some care must be taken in the arithmetic to take into
account possible roll over of any of the time stamps. If Ti – 2 is greater than Ti – 1, there was a roll over in the clock respon-
sible for those two time stamps.
To correct for the roll over, subtract 256 from the round trip and subtract 128 from the phase angle. If Ti – 3 is greater than Ti,
add 256 to the round trip and add 128 to the phase angle. Also, if the above equations are computed using integer values
of time stamps, a conversion to phase angle in radians is required by multiplying by π / 32.

Time stamp values are snapshots of the local 256 bit sample counter taken at the time of the transmission or receipt of the
first message in a time stamp sequence. This could be done either in software or hardware, provided the jitter is limited to
less than plus or minus 130 μs. A fixed bias in the time stamp is acceptable, provided it is the same for all terminals.
Relay 1 Relay 2
COMMUNICATION PATH
Send T1i-3 Clocks mismatch
Store T1i-3
Send T2i-3
Store T2i-3
8.3 ms
Capture T2i-2
T2i-2
Capture T1i-2 T1i-2
8.3 ms
Send T1i-2
Send T2 i-2
8.3 ms
Store T1 i-2
Store T2 i-2
8.3 ms
Send T1i-1 T1i-1
T2 i-1 Send T2i-1

8.3 ms
Capture T1 i-1, T2 i
Capture T2 i-1, T1 i T1 i T2 i ( T2 i -3, T1i -2, T1i-1, T2 i )
( T1 i -3, T2 i-2, T2 i -1, T1i ) Calculate δ2, θ2.
Calculate δ1, θ1.
Speed up
Slow down
831729A2.CDR
t1 t2
Figure 9–2: ROUND TRIP DELAY AND CLOCK OFFSET COMPUTATION FROM TIME STAMPS

9.1.12 PHASE LOCKING FILTER
Filters are used in the phase locked loop to assure stability, to reduce phase and frequency noise. This is well known tech-
nology. The primary feedback mechanism shown in the Loop Block Diagram is phase angle information through the well
known proportional plus integral (PI) filter (the Z in the diagram refers to a unit delay, and 1 / (Z – 1) represents a simple
digital first order integrator). This loop is used to provide stability and zero steady state error.
A PI filter has two time parameters that determine dynamic behavior: the gain for the proportional term and the gain for the
integral. Depending on the gains, the transient behavior of the loop can be underdamped, critically damped, or over
damped. For this application, critically damped is a good choice.
This sets a constraint relating the two parameters. A second constraint is derived from the desired time constants of the
loop. By considering the effects of both phase and frequency noise in this application it can be shown that optimum behav-
ior results with a certain proportion between phase and frequency constraints.
A secondary input is formed through the frequency deviation input of the filter. Whenever frequency deviation information is
available, it is used for this input; otherwise, the input is zero. Because frequency is the derivative of phase information, the
appropriate filter for frequency deviation is an integrator, which is combined with the integrator of the PI filter for the phase.
It is very important to combine these two integrators into a single function because it can be shown if two separate integra-
tors are used, they can drift in opposite directions into saturation, because the loop would only drive their sum to zero.
In normal operation, frequency tracking at each terminal matches the tracking at all other terminals, because all terminals
will measure approximately the same frequency deviation. However, if there is not enough current at a terminal to compute
frequency deviation, frequency tracking at that terminal is accomplished indirectly via phase locking to other terminals. A
small phase deviation must be present for the tracking to occur.
Also shown in the loop is the clock itself, because it behaves like an integrator. The clock is implemented in hardware and
software with a crystal oscillator and a counter.
Delta frequency +
KF + 1/(Z–1)
+
+
KI New frequency
+
Delta phi time +
+ +
–
KP
1/(Z–1)
GPS channel
asymmetry
Clock
(sample timer) phi
831028A1.CDR
Figure 9–3: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LOOP FILTER

There are 4 gains in the filter that must be selected once and for all as part of the design of the system. The gains are deter-
mined by the time step of the integrators, and the desired time constants of the system as follows:
T repeat T repeat
2 - , KF = -------------------------
KI = -----------------
- , KP = ---------------- - (EQ 9.27)
9 2
T phase T phase T frequency
where: Trepeat = the time between execution of the filter algorithm

Tphase = time constant for the primary phase locked loop
Tfrequency = time constant for the frequency locked loop

9.1.13 MATCHING PHASELETS
An algorithm is needed to match phaselets, detect lost messages, and detect communications channel failure. Channel fail-
ure is defined by a sequence of lost messages, where the length of the sequence is a design parameter. In any case, the
sequence should be no longer than the maximum sequence number (4 cycles) in order to be able to match up messages
when the channel is assumed to be operating normally.
A channel failure can be detected by a watchdog software timer that times the interval between consecutive incoming mes-
sages. If the interval exceeds a maximum limit, channel failure is declared and the channel recovery process is initiated.
While the channel is assumed to be operating normally, it is still possible for an occasional message to be lost, in which
case fault protection is suspended for the time period that depends on that message, and is resumed on the next occa-
sional message. A lost message is detected simply by looking at the sequence numbers of incoming messages. A lost
message will show up as a gap in the sequence.
Sequence numbers are also used to match messages for the protection computation. Whenever a complete set of current
measurements from all terminals with matching sequence numbers are available, the differential protection function is com-
puted using that set of measurements.
9.1.14 START-UP
Initialization in our peer-to-peer architecture is done independently at each terminal. Relays can be turned on in any order
with the power system either energized or de-energized. Synchronization and protection functions are accomplished auto-
matically whenever enough information is available.
After a relay completes other initialization tasks such as resetting of buffer pointers and determining relay settings, initial
values are computed for any state variables in the loop filters or the protection functions. The relay starts its clock at the
nominal power system frequency. Phaselet information is computed and transmitted.
• Outgoing messages over a given channel are treated in the same way as during the channel recovery process. The
special start-up message is sent each time containing only a single time step value.
• When incoming messages begin arriving over a channel, that channel is placed in service and the loop filters are
started up for that channel.
• Whenever the total clock uncertainty is less than a fixed threshold, the phase locking filter is declared locked and differ-
ential protection is enabled.
9.1.15 HARDWARE AND COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS
The average total channel delay in each direction is not critical, provided the total round trip delay is less than 4 power sys-
tem cycles. The jitter is important, and should be less than ±130 μs in each direction. The effect of a difference in the aver-
age delay between one direction and the other depends on the number of terminals. In the case of a 2 or 3 terminal system,
the difference is not critical, and can even vary with time. In the case of a 4 or more terminal system, variation in the differ-
ence limits the sensitivity of the system.
• The allowable margin of 130 μs jitter includes jitter in servicing the interrupt generated by an incoming message. For
both incoming and outgoing messages, the important parameter is the jitter between when the time stamp is read and
when the message begins to go out or to come in.
• The quality of the crystal driving the clock and software sampling is not critical, because of the compensation provided
by the phase and frequency tracking algorithm, unless it is desired to perform under or over frequency protection.
From the point of view of current differential protection only, the important parameter is the rate of drift of crystal fre-
quency, which should be less than 100 parts per million per minute.
• A 6 Mhz clock with a 16-bit hardware counter is adequate, provided the method is used for achieving the 32-bit resolu- 9
tion that is described in this document.
• An 8-bit time stamp is adequate provided time stamp messages are exchanged once per cycle.
• A 4-bit message sequence number is adequate.

Depending on the 87L settings, channel asymmetry (the difference in the transmitting and receiving paths channel delay)
cannot be higher than 1 to 1.5 ms if channel asymmetry compensation is not used. However, if the relay detects asymmetry
higher than 1.5 ms, the 87L DIFF CH ASYM DET FlexLogic™ operand is set high and the event and target are raised (if they
are enabled in the CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL menu) to provide an indication about potential danger.
9.1.16 ONLINE ESTIMATE OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS
GE's adaptive elliptical restraint characteristic is a good approximation to the cumulative effects of various sources of error
in determining phasors. Sources of error include power system noise, transients, inaccuracy in line charging current com-
putation, current sensor gain, phase and saturation error, clock error, and asynchronous sampling. Errors that can be con-
trolled are driven to zero by the system. For errors that cannot be controlled, all relays compute and sum the error for each
source of error for each phase. The relay computes the error caused by power system noise, CT saturation, harmonics,
and transients. These errors arise because power system currents are not always exactly sinusoidal. The intensity of these
errors varies with time; for example, growing during fault conditions, switching operations, or load variations. The system
treats these errors as a Gaussian distribution in the real and in the imaginary part of each phasor, with a standard deviation
that is estimated from the sum of the squares of the differences between the data samples and the sine function that is
used to fit them. This error has a spectrum of frequencies. Current transformer saturation is included with noise and tran-
sient error. The error for noise, harmonics, transients, and current transformer saturation is computed as follows. First, the
sum of the squares of the errors in the data samples is computed from the sum of squares information for the present
phaselet:
N⁄ 2– 1
∑
2
SumSquares 1_A ( k )
4
= ---- ( i 1_f_A ( k – p ) ) (EQ 9.28)
N p=0
Then fundamental magnitude is computed as follows for the same phaselet:
2 2
I 1_MAG_A = ( I 1_RE_A ) + ( I 1_IM_A ) (EQ 9.29)
Finally, the local adaptive restraint term is computed as follows, for each local current:
2 4 2
( I 1_ADA_A ) = ---- ( SumSquares 1_A ( k ) – ( I 1_MAG_A ) ) (EQ 9.30)
N
Another source of the measurement errors is clock synchronization error, resulting in a clock uncertainty term. The L90
algorithm accounts for two terms of synchronization error corresponding to:
• Raw clock deviation computed from time stamps. There are several effects that cause it to not track exactly. First, the
ping-pong algorithm inherently produces slightly different estimates of clock deviation at each terminal. Second,
because the transmission of time stamps is spread out over several packets, the clock deviation estimate is not up to
date with other information it is combined with. Channel asymmetry also contributes to this term. The clock deviation
computation is indicated in equation 8.15 as θi. If 2 channels are used, clock deviation is computed for both channels
and then average of absolute values is computed. If GPS compensation is used, then GPS clock compensation is sub-
tracted from the clock deviation.
• Startup error. This term is used to estimate the initial startup transient of PFLLs. During startup conditions, a decaying
exponential is computed to simulate envelope of the error during startup
The clock uncertainty is expressed as:
clock_unc = clock_dev + start_up_error (EQ 9.31)
Eventually, the local clock error is computed as:

9 ( clock_unc )
2
2 2
CLOCK A = ---------------------------------- ⋅ ( ( I LOC_RE_A ) + ( I LOC_IM_A ) ) (EQ 9.32)
9
The local squared adaptive restraint is computed from all local current sources (1 to 4) and is obtained as follows:
2 2 2 2 2 2
( I LOC_ADA_A ) = 18 ⋅ ( ( I 1_ADA_A ) + ( I 2_ADA_A ) + ( I 3_ADA_A ) + ( I 4_ADA_A ) + ( I q_ADA_A ) + CLOCK A ) (EQ 9.33)

9.1.17 CT SATURATION DETECTION
Current differential protection is inherently dependent on adequate CT performance at all terminals of the protected line,
especially during external faults. CT saturation, particularly when it happens at only one terminal of the line, introduces a
spurious differential current that may cause the differential protection to misoperate.
The L90 applies a dedicated mechanism to cope with CT saturation and ensure security of protection for external faults.
The relay dynamically increases the weight of the square of errors (the so-called ‘sigma’) portion in the total restraint quan-
tity, but for external faults only. The following logic is applied:
• First, the terminal currents are compared against a threshold of 3 pu to detect overcurrent conditions that may be
caused by a fault and may lead to CT saturation.
• For all the terminal currents that are above the 3 pu level, the relative angle difference is calculated. If all three termi-
nals see significant current, then all three pairs (1, 2), (2, 3), and (1, 3) are considered and the maximum angle differ-
ence is used in further calculations.
• Depending on the angle difference between the terminal currents, the value of sigma used for the adaptive restraint
current is increased by the multiple factor of 1, 5, or 2.5 to 5 as shown below. As seen from the figure, a factor of 1 is
used for internal faults, and a factor of 2.5 to 5 is used for external faults. This allows the relay to be simultaneously
sensitive for internal faults and robust for external faults with a possible CT saturation.
If more than one CT is connected to the relay (breaker-and-the half applications), the CT saturation mechanism is executed
between the maximum local current against the sum of all others, then between the maximum local and remote currents to
select the secure multiplier MULT. A Maximum of two (local and remote) is selected and then applied to adaptive restraint.
arg(I1/I2)=180 degrees
(external fault)
MULT=5
MULT = abs(arg(I1/I2)) x 5/180
MULT=1
MULT=1
arg(I1/I2)= 0 degrees
831744A2.CDR
(internall fault)
Figure 9–4: CT SATURATION ADAPTIVE RESTRAINT MULTIPLIER
9.1.18 CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION
The basic premise for the operation of differential protection schemes in general, and of the L90 line differential element in
particular, is that the sum of the currents entering the protected zone is zero. In the case of a power system transmission
line, this is not entirely true because of the capacitive charging current of the line. For short transmission lines the charging
current is a small factor and can therefore be treated as an unknown error. In this application the L90 can be deployed with-
out voltage sensors and the line charging current is included as a constant term in the total variance, increasing the differ- 9
ential restraint current. For long transmission lines the charging current is a significant factor, and should be computed to
provide increased sensitivity to fault current.
Compensation for charging current requires the voltage at the terminals be supplied to the relays. The algorithm calculates
C × dv ⁄ dt for each phase, which is then subtracted from the measured currents at both ends of the line. This is a simple
approach that provides adequate compensation of the capacitive current at the fundamental power system frequency. Trav-
elling waves on the transmission line are not compensated for, and contribute to restraint by increasing the measurement of
errors in the data set.

The underlying single phase model for compensation for a two and three terminal system are shown below.
Is Ir
Vs Vr
R L
C/2 C/2
831793A1.CDR
Figure 9–5: 2-TERMINAL TRANSMISSION LINE SINGLE PHASE MODEL FOR COMPENSATION
C/3
C/3
C/3
831019A1.CDR
Figure 9–6: 3-TERMINAL TRANSMISSION LINE SINGLE PHASE MODEL FOR COMPENSATION
Apportioning the total capacitance among the terminals is not critical for compensating the fundamental power system fre-
quency charging current as long as the total capacitance is correct. Compensation at other frequencies will be approximate.
If the VTs are connected in wye, the compensation is accurate for both balanced conditions (i.e. all positive, negative and
zero sequence components of the charging current are compensated). If the VTs are connected in delta, the compensation
is accurate for positive and negative sequence components of the charging current. Since the zero sequence voltage is not
available, the L90 cannot compensate for the zero sequence current.
The compensation scheme continues to work with the breakers open, provided the voltages are measured on the line side
of the breakers.
For very long lines, the distributed nature of the line leads to the classical transmission line equations which can be solved
for voltage and current profiles along the line. What is needed for the compensation model is the effective positive and zero
sequence capacitance seen at the line terminals.
Finally, in some applications the effect of shunt reactors needs to be taken into account. With very long lines shunt reactors
may be installed to provide some of the charging current required by the line. This reduces the amount of charging current
flowing into the line. In this application, the setting for the line capacitance should be the residual capacitance remaining
after subtracting the shunt inductive reactance from the total capacitive reactance at the power system frequency.
9.1.19 DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS
The differential element is completely dependent on receiving data from the relay at the remote end of the line, therefore,
upon startup, the differential element is disabled until the time synchronization system has aligned both relays to a common
time base. After synchronization is achieved, the differential is enabled. Should the communications channel delay time
increase, such as caused by path switching in a SONET system or failure of the communications power supply, the relay
will act as outlined in the next section.
9 The L90 incorporates an adaptive differential algorithm based on the traditional percent differential principle. In the tradi-
tional percent differential scheme, the operating parameter is based on the phasor sum of currents in the zone and the
restraint parameter is based on the scalar (or average scalar) sum of the currents in the protected zone - when the operat-
ing parameter divided by the restraint parameter is above the slope setting, the relay will operate. During an external fault,
the operating parameter is relatively small compared to the restraint parameter, whereas for an internal fault, the operating
parameter is relatively large compared to the restraint parameter. Because the traditional scheme is not adaptive, the ele-
ment settings must allow for the maximum amount of error anticipated during an out-of-zone fault, when CT errors may be
high and/or CT saturation may be experienced.

The major difference between the L90 differential scheme and a percent differential scheme is the use of an estimate of
errors in the input currents to increase the restraint parameter during faults, permitting the use of more sensitive settings
than those used in the traditional scheme. The inclusion of the adaptive feature in the scheme produces element character-
istic equations that appear to be different from the traditional scheme, but the differences are minimal during system
steady-state conditions. The element equations are shown in the Operating condition calculations section.
9.1.20 RELAY SYNCHRONIZATION
On startup of the relays, the channel status will be checked first. If channel status is OK, all relays will send a special
“startup” message and the synchronization process will be initiated. It will take about 5 to 7 seconds to declare PFLL status
as OK and to start performing current differential calculations. If one of the relays was powered off during the operation, the
synchronization process will restart from the beginning. Relays tolerate channel delay (resulting sometimes in step change
in communication paths) or interruptions up to four power cycles round trip time (about 66 ms at 60 Hz) without any deteri-
oration in performance. If communications are interrupted for more than four cycles, the following applies:
In two-terminal mode:
1. With second redundant channel, relays will not lose functionality at all if second channel is live.
2. With one channel only, relays have a five second time window. If the channel is restored within this time, it takes about
two to three power cycles of valid PFLL calculations (and if estimated error is still within margin) to declare that PFLL is
OK. If the channel is restored later than 5 seconds, PFLL at both relays will be declared as failed and the re-synchroni-
zation process will be initiated (about 5 to 7 seconds) after channel status becomes OK.
In three-terminal mode:
1. If one of the channels fails, the configuration reverts from master-master to master-slave where the master relay has
both channels live. The master relay PFLL keeps the two slave relays in synchronization, and therefore there is no
time limit for functionality. The PFLL of the slave relays will be suspended (that is, the 87L function will not be per-
formed at these relays but they can still trip via DTT from the master relay) until the channel is restored. If the esti-
mated error is within margin upon channel restoration and after two to three power cycles of valid PFLL calculations,
the PFLL will be declared as OK and the configuration will revert back to master-master.
2. If 2 channels fail, PFLL at all relays will be declared as failed and when the channels are back into service, the re-syn-
chronization process will be initiated (about 5 to 7 seconds) after channel status becomes OK.
Depending on the system configuration (number of terminals and channels), the 87L function operability depends on the
status of channel(s), status of synchronization, and status of channel(s) ID validation. All these states are available as Flex-
Logic™ operands, for viewing in actual values, logged in the event recorder (if events are enabled in 87L menu), and also
trigger targets (if targets are enabled in the 87L function). These FlexLogic™ operands can to be used to trigger alarms,
illuminate LEDs, and be captured in oscillography.
However, the 87L BLOCKED FlexLogic™ operand reflects whether the local current differential function is blocked due to
communications or settings problems. The state of this operand is based on the combination of conditions outlined above.
As such, it is recommended that it be used to enable backup protection if 87L is not available.
The 87L BLOCKED operand is set when the 87L function is enabled and any of the following three conditions apply:
1. At least one channel failed on a two or three-terminal single-channel system, or both channels failed on a two-terminal
two-channel system.
2. PFFL has failed or is suspended,
3. A channel ID failure has been detected on at least one channel in a two-terminal single-channel system or in a three-
terminal system, or a channel ID failure has been detected on both channels in a two-terminal dual-channel system.
All L90 communications alarms can be divided by major and minor alarms.
The major alarms are CHANNEL FAIL, PFLL FAIL, and CHANNEL ID FAIL. The relay is blocked automatically if any of these
9
conditions occur. Therefore, there is no need to assign these operands to a current differential block setting.
The minor alarms are CRC FAIL and LOST PACKET, which are indicators of a poor or noisy communications channel. If the
relay recognizes that a packet is lost or corrupted, the 87L feature is not processed at that protection pass. Instead, it waits
for the next valid packet.

9.2 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS 9 THEORY OF OPERATION
9.2OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS 9.2.1 DESCRIPTION
Characteristics of differential elements can be shown in the complex plane. The operating characteristics of the L90 are
fundamentally dependant on the relative ratios of the local and remote current phasor magnitudes and the angles of I loc /
I rem as shown in the Restraint Characteristics figure.
The main factors affecting the trip-restraint decisions are:
1. Difference in angles (+ real represents pure internal fault when currents are essentially in phase, – real represents
external fault when currents are 180° apart).
2. The magnitude of remote current.
3. The magnitude of the local current.
4. Dynamically estimated errors in calculations.
5. Settings.
The following figure also shows the relay's capability to handle week-infeed conditions by increasing the restraint ellipse
when the remote current is relatively small (1.5 pu). Therefore, uncertainty is greater when compared with higher remote
currents (3 pu). The characteristic shown is also dependant on settings. The second graph shows how the relay's trip-
restraint calculation is made with respect to the variation in angle difference between local and remote currents. The char-
acteristic for 3 terminal mode is similar where both remote currents are combined together.

GE Multilin
Iloc
Irem
Imaginary
Iloc - Irem
9 THEORY OF OPERATION
Boundary point (angle between Iloc and Irem about 130o)

180
Boundary point (angle between Iloc and Irem about 140o)
2
150
RESTRAINT
120
90
1 1
60
Restraint point (angle between Trip point (angle between
Iloc and Irem 180o) Iloc and Irem 0o) 30
Iloc 2
Iloc
0 Irem 0
Irem
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 Real 1 2 3 4
-30
RESTRAINT OPERATE -60

OPERATE
-1
-90
-120
1 -150

-2 RESTRAINT
-180
Figure 9–7: RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTICS

2
Iloc Irem
-3
1 - For Irem =1.5 pu and angle 0-360o with respect to Iloc 831726A1.CDR
o (Angle between Iloc and Irem is

2 - For Irem =3 pu and angle 0-360 with respect to Iloc
ideally 0o for internal fault)
9.2 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS
9-17
9
9.2 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS 9 THEORY OF OPERATION
9.2.2 TRIP DECISION EXAMPLE
Assume the following settings:

• Slope 1: S1 = 10%
• Slope 2: S2 = 10%
• Breakpoint: BP = 5 pu secondary
• Pickup: P = 0.5 pu
Assume the following local and remote currents:
• Local current: Ilocal = 4.0 pu ∠0°
• Remote current: Iremote= 0.8 pu ∠180°
The assumed condition is a radial line with a high resistance fault, with the source at the local end only, and through a resis-
tive load current. The operating current is:
2 2 2
I op = I_L + I_R = 4.0 ∠0° + 0.8 ∠180° = 10.24 (EQ 9.34)
Since the current at both ends is less than the breakpoint value of 5.0, the equation for two-terminal mode is used to calcu-
late restraint as follows.
2 2 2 2 2 2
I Rest = ( 2 ⋅ S 1 ⋅ I_L ) + ( 2 ⋅ S 1 ⋅ I_R ) + 2P + σ
2 2 2 2 2 (EQ 9.35)
= ( 2 ⋅ ( 0.1 ) ⋅ 4 ) + ( 2 ⋅ ( 0.1 ) ⋅ 0.8 ) + 2 ⋅ ( 0.5 ) + 0
= 0.8328
where σ = 0, assuming a pure sine wave.
9.2.3 TRIP DECISION TEST
The trip condition is shown below.

2
I Op 10.24
- > 1 ⇒ ------------------ = 12.3 > 1 ⇒ Trip
----------- (EQ 9.36)
2 0.8328
I Rest
The use of the CURRENT DIFF PICKUP, CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1, CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 2, and CURRENT DIFF BREAK PT
settings are discussed in the Current differential section of chapter 5.
The following figure shows how the L90 settings affect the restraint characteristics. The local and remote currents are 180°
apart, which represents an external fault. The breakpoint between the two slopes indicates the point where the restraint
area is becoming wider to override uncertainties from CT saturation, fault noise, harmonics, etc. Increasing the slope per-
centage increases the width of the restraint area.

9 THEORY OF OPERATION 9.2 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS
Iloc pu
20
OPERATE
16
RESTRAINT
BP=8, P=2, S1=30%, S2=50%
BP=4, P=1, S1=30%, S2=50%

10
BP=4, P=1, S1=20%, S2=40%
OPERATE
0 Irem pu
4 8 12 16 20
0
831725A1.CDR
Figure 9–8: SETTINGS IMPACT ON RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTIC

9.3 SINGLE-POLE TRIPPING 9 THEORY OF OPERATION
9.3SINGLE-POLE TRIPPING 9.3.1 OVERVIEW
a) INTRODUCTION
Single pole operations make use of many features of the relay. At the minimum, the trip output, recloser, breaker control,
open pole detector, and phase selector must be fully programmed and in service; and either protection elements or digital
inputs representing fault detection must be available for successful operation. When single pole trip-and-reclose is required
overall control within the relay is performed by the trip output element. This element includes interfaces with pilot aided
schemes, the line pickup, breaker control, and breaker failure elements.
Single pole operations are based on use of the phase selector to identify the type of the fault, to eliminate incorrect fault
identification that can be made by distance elements in some circumstances and to provide trip initiation from elements that
are not capable of any fault type identification, such as high-set negative-sequence directional overcurrent element. The
scheme is also designed to make use of the advantages provided by communications channels with multiple-bit capacities
for fault identification.
Phase selector
Volts Reset
and output Fault locator
amps
Block specific protection elements
Volts
and
Trip output amps
Protection Setting
elements
Single-pole
Single-pole
trip request
Inputs Setting trip
Open
Pilot-
pole
aided
detector
schemes
Trip
A or B or C
Setting Setting
Inputs Outputs Initiate breaker

Single-pole failure
operation
Communications
channels Breaker Breaker
1 and 2 1 and 2
AG SLG pole state out-of-service
BG faulted
CG phase
Setting Permission
Breaker 1 and 2
Inputs
Setting
Reset Breaker
control
Outputs
Three-pole Three-pole
trip trip
request
Line pickup Setting
CLOSE 1
CLOSE 2
CLOSE 1
CLOSE 2
Multi-phase
Operator
Void Force Three-pole
three-oole operation
Setting operation Setting
AR FORCE 3-P
Initiate
Reclose request Trip
Initiate
AR Initiate 3-Pole Recloser
Multi-phase
837026A5.CDR
Figure 9–9: SINGLE-POLE OPERATION

The trip output element receives requests for single and three pole trips and three pole reclose initiation, which it then pro-
9 cesses to generate outputs that are used to:
• Determine whether a single or three pole operation should be performed.
• Initiate tripping of breaker poles A, B and C, either individually or as a group.
• Initiate breaker failure protection for phases A, B and C, either individually or as a group.
• Notify the open pole detector when a single pole operation is imminent.
• Initiate either single or three pole reclosing.

9 THEORY OF OPERATION 9.3 SINGLE-POLE TRIPPING
• Notify the phase selector when a trip operation is imminent.

When notified that a single pole operation has been initiated open pole detector will:
• Initiate blocking of protection elements that could potentially maloperate when a breaker pole is open.
• Instruct the phase selector to de-assert all outputs, as an open pole invalidates calculations.
It is assumed for this discussion that the relay features that are shown on Single pole operation diagram above have all
been programmed for the application and are in service. The description begins with line breakers open at both the local
and remote ends, and the operation of the scheme is described in chronological order.
Because the line is de-energized the line pickup element is armed. The recloser is presently enabled. An operator requests
that breaker control close the breaker, and it operates output relays to close breaker poles A, B and C. This operator man-
ual close request is also forwarded from breaker control to recloser, which becomes disabled, de-asserting its “Enabled”
output. This output is transferred to trip output, where it converts any input request for a single pole operation into a three-
pole operation. At the recloser, the AR1 BLK TIME @ MAN CLOSE timer is started.
The breaker closes and status monitoring contacts on the breaker poles change state; the new breaker pole states are
reported to breaker control, which in turn transfers these states to the recloser, trip output, breaker failure and open pole
detector. Because a fault is not detected the AR1 BLK TIME @ MAN CLOSE times out and the recloser is enabled, which
asserts the “Enabled” output, informing the trip output element that single pole trip operations are now permitted. When nor-
mal voltage appears on the line the line pickup element is disarmed. As the local line breaker has not tripped the operator
closes the breaker at the remote end of the line, placing the line in service.
Several scenarios are considered below.
b) SLG FAULT
At this moment the request to trip is placed for the trip output. As the fault is recognized as an AG fault, the TRIP PHASE A
operand is asserted by the trip output. This signal is passed to the breaker control scheme and results in tripping pole A of
the breaker.
Simultaneously with the TRIP PHASE A operand, the TRIP 1-POLE operand is asserted. This operand activates the open pole
detector. The latter detector responds to the TRIP PHASE A signal by declaring phase A open by asserting OPEN POLE OP
ΦA (even before it is actually opened). The TRIP PHASE A signal resets only after the breaker actually operates as indicated
by its auxiliary contact. At this moment the open pole detector responds to the breaker position and continues to indicate
phase A opened. This indication results in establishing blocking signals for distance elements (OPEN POLE BLK AB, OPEN
POLE BLK CA operands are asserted). If neutral and negative-sequence overcurrent elements are mapped into the trip out-
put to trigger single-pole tripping, they must be blocked with the OPEN POLE BLK N operand, specifically provided for this
purpose. The OPEN POLE BLK N operand must be assigned through the block setting of the overcurrent element. The two
latter operands block phase distance AB and CA elements, respectively (all zones); the OPEN POLE ΦA OP blocks the
ground distance AG elements (all zones). As a result, the Z1 OP and Z2 PKP operands that were picked-up reset immedi-
ately. The following distance elements remain operational guarding the line against evolving faults: BG, CG and BC.
The TRIP 1-POLE operand initiates automatically a single-pole autoreclose. The autoreclose is started and asserts the AR
RIP operand. This operand keeps blocking the phase selector so that it does not respond to any subsequent events. At the
same time the operand removes zero-sequence directional supervision from ground distance zones 2 and 3 so that they
could respond to a single-line-to-ground fault during open pole conditions.
The AR FORCE 3-P TRIP operand is asserted 1.25 cycles following autoreclose initiation. This operand acts as an enabler
for any existing trip request. In this case none of the protection elements is picked up at this time, therefore no more trips
are initiated.
When the recloser dead time interval is complete it signals the breaker control element to close the breaker. The breaker
control element operates output relays to close the breaker.
When pole A of the breaker closes this new status is reported to the breaker control element, which transfers this data to 9
the breaker failure, autorecloser, open pole detector and trip output elements. The response at breaker failure is dependent
on the programming of that element. The response at the autorecloser is not relevant to this discussion. At the open pole
detector, the blocking signals to protection elements are de-asserted.
If the fault was transient the reset time would expire at the autorecloser and the AR FORCE 3-P TRIP and RIP outputs would
be de-asserted, returning all features to the state described at the beginning of this description.
If the fault was permanent appropriate protection elements would detect it and place a trip request for the trip output ele-
ment. As the AR FORCE 3-P TRIP is still asserted, the request is executed as a three-pole trip.

The response of the system from this point is as described above for the second trip, except the autorecloser will go to lock-
out upon the next initiation (depending on the number of shots programmed).
c) SLG FAULT EVOLVING INTO LLG

When an AG fault occurs the events unfold initially as in the previous example. If the fault evolves quickly, the phase selec-
tor will change its initial assessment from AG to ABG fault and when the trip request is placed either by the zone 1 or the
POTT scheme, a three-pole trip will be initiated. If this is the case, all three TRIP PHASE A, B and C operands will be
asserted. The command is passed to the breaker control element and results in a three-pole trip. At the same time the
recloser is initiated as per settings of the trip output. As the TRIP 3-POLE operand is asserted (not the TRIP 1-POLE operand)
the open pole is not activated. Because the AR RIP in progress is asserted, the phase selector is blocked as well.
If the fault evolves slowly, the sequence is different: The relay trips phase A as in the previous example. The phase selector
resets, the open pole detector is activated and forces the zone 1 and zone 2 AG, AB, CA and negative-sequence overcur-
rent elements to reset. If the zone 1 BG element picks up, or the zone 2 BG element picks up resulting in operation of the
POTT scheme, no trip command will be issued until the AR FORCE 3-P TRIP is asserted. This happens 1.25 cycles after the
first trip. If at this time or any time later a request for trip is placed (due to an evolving fault), a three-pole trip is initiated. The
TRIP 1-POLE operand is de-asserted by the TRIP 3-POLE operand, resetting the open pole detector. Shortly all three-poles
are opened.
When the dead time expires, the recloser signals the breaker control to close the breaker. At this time all the protection ele-
ments are operational, as the open pole detector is not blocking any elements. If the line-side VTs are used, the line pickup
element is armed as well. If there is a fault on the line, these elements will pickup the fault and issue next request for trip.
This request results in three-pole trip as the AR FORCE 3-P TRIP is still asserted.
The response of the system from this point is as described above for the second trip, except the recloser will go to lockout
upon the next initiation (depending on the number of shots programmed).

9 THEORY OF OPERATION 9.3 SINGLE-POLE TRIPPING
9.3.2 PHASE SELECTION
The L90 uses phase relations between current symmetrical components for phase selection. First, the algorithm validates if
there is enough zero-sequence, positive-sequence, and negative-sequence currents for reliable analysis. The comparison
is adaptive; that is, the magnitudes of the three symmetrical components used mutually as restraints confirm if a given com-
ponent is large enough to be used for phase selection. Once the current magnitudes are validated, the algorithm analyzes
phase relations between the negative-sequence and positive-sequence currents and negative-sequence and zero-
sequence currents (when applicable) as illustrated below.
AB, CG,
BG ABG ABG
AG,
I2F AG I2F BCG
BC,
BCG
I1F I0F
CG CA, BG,
CAG CAG 837725A1.CDR
Figure 9–10: PHASE SELECTION PRINCIPLE (ABC PHASE ROTATION)

Due to dual comparisons, the algorithm is very secure. For increased accuracy and to facilitate operation in weak systems,
the pre-fault components are removed from the analyzed currents. The algorithm is very fast and ensures proper phase
selection before any of the correctly set protection elements operates.
Under unusual circumstances such as weak-infeed conditions with the zero-sequence current dominating during any
ground fault, or during cross-country faults, the current-based phase selector may not recognize any of the known fault pat-
tern. If this is the case, voltages are used for phase selection. The voltage algorithm is the same as the current-based algo-
rithm; for example, phase angles between the zero-sequence, negative-sequence, and positive-sequence voltages are
used. The pre-fault values are subtracted prior to any calculations.
The pre-fault quantities are captured and the calculations start when the disturbance detector (50DD) operates. When an
open pole is declared, the phase selector resets all its outputs operands and ignores any subsequent operations of the dis-
turbance detector.
The phase selector runs continuously. When there is no disturbance in the power system, and the disturbance detector
(50DD) from the source assigned as the DISTANCE SOURCE is reset, then the PHASE SELECT VOID FlexLogic™ operand is
set and all other phase selector operands are reset. All current and voltage sequence components are memorized and con-
tinuously updated.
When the disturbance detector (50DD) operates, memory stops being updated and retains two cycles of old current and
voltage values. First, purely fault components of current and voltage are calculated by removing the pre-fault (memory)
quantities from presently calculated values. A series of conditions are checked with respect to magnitudes and phase
angles of current and voltage symmetrical components in order to detect the fault type. Secondly, currents are used to iden-
tify the fault type (AG, BG, CG, AB, BC, CA, ABG, BCG or CAG) according to the Phase selection principle figure above. If
the currents fail to identify the fault type, and voltages are available, then voltages are used. If any of the above types is
determined, then the corresponding FlexLogic™ operand below is asserted.

OPERAND DESCRIPTION
PHASE SELECT AG Asserted when a phase A to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT BG Asserted when a phase B to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT CG Asserted when a phase C to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT AB Asserted when a phase A to B fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT BC Asserted when a phase B to C fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT CA Asserted when a phase C to A fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT ABG Asserted when a phase A to B to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT BCG Asserted when a phase B to C to ground fault is detected.
PHASE SELECT CAG Asserted when a phase C to A to ground fault is detected.
If none of the fault types indicated above is determined, then three-phase fault conditions are checked to detect the pres-
ence of positive-sequence current and the absence of both zero-sequence and negative-sequence current. If these condi-
tions are met, then the PHASE SELECT 3P FlexLogic™ operand is asserted; otherwise, the PHASE SELECT VOID operand is
asserted, indicating that the phase selector failed to identify the fault type.
Finally, the states of the following additional FlexLogic™ operands are determined.
OPERAND DESCRIPTION
PHASE SELECT SLG Asserted if any of PHASE SELECT AG, PHASE SELECT BG, or PHASE SELECT CG
operands is active.
PHASE SELECT MULTI-P Asserted if neither the PHASE SELECT SLG nor PHASE SELECT VOID operands are being
asserted.
The phase selector operands are reset ½ cycle after the OPEN POLE OP FlexLogic™ operand is asserted or 500 ms after
the disturbance detector (50DD) initially operated. In the reset state, all phase selector FlexLogic™ operands are reset until
reset conditions are removed and the phase selector is ready for the next operation.
DELAY
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
0.5 cycles
OPEN POLE OP RESET
0
DELAY
0 DELAY FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
4 cycles 0 PHASE SELECT AG
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND AND START
500 ms PHASE SELECT BG
SRCn 50DD OP
PHASE SELECT CG
PHASE SELECT AB
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PHASE SELECTOR
PHASE SELECT BC
SRCn VT FUSE FAIL OP
PHASE SELECT CA
PHASE SELECT ABG
SETTING
PHASE SELECT BCG
DISTANCE SOURCE: PHASE SELECT CAG
PHASE SELECT 3P
I_0
PHASE SELECT SLG
I_1
PHASE SELECT MULTI-P
I_2
PHASE SELECT VOID
V_0
V_1
V_2
837027A5.CDR
Figure 9–11: PHASE SELECTOR LOGIC

9

9 THEORY OF OPERATION 9.4 FAULT LOCATOR
9.4FAULT LOCATOR 9.4.1 OVERVIEW
The L90 uses two methods to determine fault type and fault location
• A multi-ended fault location algorithm using synchronized currents and voltage measurements from all line terminals.
• A single-ended method based on the measurement from local terminal relay only during channel failures.
9.4.2 MULTI-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR
a) DESCRIPTION
The multi-ended fault location method is based on synchronized voltage and current measurements at all ends of the trans-
mission line. This method makes it possible to compute the fault location without any assumptions or approximations. A
single composite voltage and single composite current signal represent voltage and current measurements at any line ter-
minal. These composite voltage and current signals are non-zero regardless of the fault type. The composite voltage at the
fault can be computed from each end of the line by subtracting the line drop to the fault from the voltage at that end.
The multi-ended algorithm executes separately on each terminal. All terminals compute the same fault location, since they
use the same equations applied to the same set of data. The algorithm is executed for both two-terminal and three-terminal
applications. The three-terminal algorithm executes at each terminal that has information from all three terminals. If there is
a communications failure on one channel, it will affect only one of the three terminals, since there are fault phasors from all
three terminals to compute the fault location. The three-terminal algorithm has two parts: one part that determines which
line segment is faulted, and another part that locates the fault on the faulted segment. Each terminal may report a slightly
different fault resistance. The algorithm achieves greater accuracy by removing the line charging current.
The fault location algorithm does not need to explicitly determine the composite voltage at the fault. Instead, it eliminates
the fault voltage from the equations for fault location by using other information instead.
For the purpose of fault location, the ABC quantities are represented by a single composite signal using the following base
equation.
1
S ( X ) = --- ( 2S ( A ) – bS ( B ) – b∗ S ( C ) ) (EQ 9.37)
3
In the above equation, b is a complex number defined as:
b = 1 + j tan ( α ) (EQ 9.38)
and b* is the conjugate of b, or mathematically:
b∗ = 1 – j tan ( α ) (EQ 9.39)
where α = 45°.
The expanded Clarke transform shown above is selected to yield non-zero operating signals under balanced and unbal-
anced conditions. This allows reducing the amount of exchanged information between devices and avoiding phase selec-
tion. The above defining equation applies to the wye connection of signals under ABC phase rotation. For delta connections
and ACB rotation, there is a small modification in this equation.
The following composite signals in (in per-unit values) are obtained from base equation shown above, taking into account
system phase rotation, CT nominal values, and VT nominal values and connections as set under the phase VT bank of the
first 87L source.
I LOC ( A, B, C ) → I LOC ( X ), I REM1 ( A, B, C ) → I REM1 ( X ), I REM2 ( A, B, C ) → I REM2 ( X )
(EQ 9.40)
V LOC ( A, B, C ) → V LOC ( X )
Composite currents are calculated locally at each terminal locally. Composite voltage is continuously transmitted to remote 9
terminals, where upon receipt it is labeled as VREM1(X) for channel 1 and VREM2(X) for channel 2. The transmitted composite
voltage signal is supervised by a VT fuse fail condition of the first source of 87L function. During VT fuse fail conditions,
transmitted voltage is substituted with zero, signaling to remote peers that multi-ended fault location should be inhibited.
The impedance for fault location calculation (in per-unit values) is calculated as follows.

9.4 FAULT LOCATOR 9 THEORY OF OPERATION
CT sec
Z pu = Z sec × --------------- for wye-connected VTs
VT sec
(EQ 9.41)
CT sec
Z pu = 3 × Z sec × --------------- for delta-connected VTs
VT sec
Consequently, the positive-sequence line secondary impedance entered under in the fault locator menu yields following
signals used for calculation. For two-terminal applications, we have:
Z 1LINE → Z
(EQ 9.42)
L = corresponding line length
For three-terminal applications, we have:
Z 1LINE → Z LOC –T
Z REM1 –TAP → Z REM1 – T
(EQ 9.43)
Z REM2 –TAP → Z REM2 – T
L LOC – T, L REM1 –T, L REM2 –T = corresponding lengths of the three line segments
For two-terminal applications, fault calculations can be executed directly using the signals above. For three-terminal appli-
cations, it is first necessary to define the faulted line segment. This is done by estimating the tap voltage as seen from all
three line terminals.
V T ( LOC ) = V LOC ( X ) – Z LOC – T × I LOC ( X )
V T ( REM1 ) = V REM1 ( X ) – Z REM1 –T × I REM1 ( X ) (EQ 9.44)
V T ( REM2 ) = V REM2 ( X ) – Z REM2 –T × I REM2 ( X )
The fault current is calculated as follows.

I FLT ( X ) = I LOC ( X ) + I REM1 ( X ) + I REM2 ( X ) (EQ 9.45)
The faulted segment can be found by recognizing that the sum of the voltage drops around a loop through the unfaulted
segments is zero. The residual voltage phasors are computed for each loop. The loop with the lowest residual voltage con-
tains the two unfaulted segments. Therefore, the differences between each pair of estimates is calculated as follows.
ΔV LOC –REM1 = V T ( LOC ) – V T ( REM1 )
ΔV LOC –REM2 = V T ( LOC ) – V T ( REM2 ) (EQ 9.46)
ΔV REM1 –REM2 = V T ( REM1 ) – V T ( REM2 )
The faulted segment is selected as follows.

If ΔV LOC – REM1 = min ( ΔV LOC –REM1, ΔV LOC –REM2, ΔV REM1 –REM2 )
and ΔV LOC – REM1 < max ( 0.025 × ( V T ( LOC ) + V T ( REM1 ) ), 0.01 pu ) (EQ 9.47)
then the fault is between the tap and remote terminal 2

Where:
L = L REM2 –T
Z = Z REM2 – T
1
9 V TAP ( X ) = --- ( V T ( LOC ) + V T ( REM1 ) )
2
(EQ 9.48)
I TAP ( X ) = I LOC ( X ) + I REM1 ( X )

V 1 ( X ) = V REM2 ( X )
A similar set of equations is applied to determine whether the fault is between the tap and the local terminal or between the
tap and remote terminal 1.
Next, having all the data prepared, the following universal equation is used to calculate the fault location.

⎛V 1 ( X ) – V TAP ( X )
---------------------------------------- + I TAP ( X )⎞
⎜ Z ⎟
D pu = Re ⎜ -⎟
----------------------------------------------------------------
⎜ I FLT ( X ) ⎟ (EQ 9.49)
⎝ ⎠
D units = D pu × L
For two-terminal applications, the following equalities hold for the above equation.
V 1 ( X ) = V LOC ( X )
V TAP ( X ) = V REM1 ( X )
(EQ 9.50)
I TAP ( X ) = I REM1 ( X )
I FLT ( X ) = I LOC ( X ) + I REM1 ( X )
For two-terminal applications, the distance is reported from the local relay. In three-terminal applications, the distance is
reported from the terminal of a given line segment.
Phase rotation must be the same at all line terminals for correct operation of the multi-ended fault locator.
NOTE
b) EXAMPLE
Consider a three-terminal, 500 kV application with no charging current compensation or zero-sequence removal. The
phase rotation is ABC and the following CT and VT data is known.
Table 9–1: CT AND VT APPLICATION DATA FOR MULTI-ENDED EXAMPLE

VALUE RELAY 1 RELAY 2 RELAY 3
CT primary 1200 A 1000 A 1600 A
CT secondary 5A 1A 5A
VT connection wye delta wye
VT secondary 57.73 V 83.33 V 57.73 V
VT ratio 5000:1 6000:1 5000:1
The tap settings are shown below.
Table 9–2: TAP SETTINGS MULTI-ENDED EXAMPLE

CT tap 1 for remote terminal 1 1000 / 1200 = 0.8333 1200 / 1000 = 1.200 1200 / 1600 = 0.750
CT tap 1 for remote terminal 2 1600 / 1200 = 1.3333 1600 / 1000 = 1.600 1000 / 1600 = 0.625
The primary positive-sequence impedances and length for the line are shown below.
Table 9–3: LINE LENGTH AND POSITIVE-SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE FOR MULTI-ENDED EXAMPLE
VALUE RELAY 1 TO TAP RELAY 2 TO TAP RELAY 3 TO TAP
Impedance 21.29 Ω ∠80.5° 36.50 Ω ∠80.5° 16.73 Ω ∠80.5°
Length 70 km 120 km 55 km
The three relays are connected as shown below.

9

channel 1 channel 1
Relay 1 Relay 2
70 km 120 km
channel 2 channel 2
55 km
Relay 3
channel 1 channel 2 831811A1.CDR
Figure 9–12: RELAY CONNECTIONS FOR MULTI-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR EXAMPLE

The following settings are entered into the relays. These values are calculated in secondary ohms as shown in the following
tables.
Table 9–4: LINE IMPEDANCE SETTINGS (ALL ANGLES ARE 80.5°)

Local to tap 1.0219 sec. ohms (relay 1 to tap 6.0833 sec. ohms (relay 2 to tap 1.0707 sec. ohms (relay 3 to tap
in relay 1 secondary ohms) in relay 2 secondary ohms) in relay 3 secondary ohms)
Remote 1 to tap 1.7520 sec. ohms (relay 2 to tap 3.5483 sec. ohms (relay 1 to tap 1.3626 sec. ohms (relay 1 to tap
Remote 2 to tap 0.8030 sec. ohms (relay 3 to tap 2.7883 sec. ohms (relay 3 to tap 2.3360 sec. ohms (relay 2 to tap
Assume the following signals are measured by the relays when the fault locator was triggered.
Table 9–5: RELAY MEASUREMENTS (PHYSICAL INPUTS)

F1 10.64 A ∠–87.5° 8.592 A ∠–88.5° 9.652 A ∠–43°
F2 1.652 A ∠88.9° 1.273 A ∠78.6° 5.201 A ∠–99°
F3 1.66 A ∠–31.2° 1.614 A ∠–43° 6.269 A ∠139.3°
F5 52.71 V ∠0.8° 76.943 V ∠24.579° 49.6 V ∠10.1°
F6 58.21 V ∠–121.4° 86.321 V ∠–98.052° 57.1 V ∠–115.6°
F7 58.93 V ∠121.9° 78.795 V ∠137.27° 59.12 V ∠130.8°
These measurement are shown below in per-unit values of the CT and VT nominal of the 87L source.
Table 9–6: RELAY MEASUREMENTS (PER-UNIT VALUES)

IA 2.128 pu ∠–87.5° 8.592 pu ∠–88.5° 1.9304 pu ∠–43°
IB 0.3304 pu ∠88.9° 1.273 pu ∠78.6° 1.0402 pu ∠–99°
IC 0.332 pu ∠–31.2° 1.614 pu ∠–43° 1.2538 pu ∠139.3°
VA (VAB) 0.91304 pu ∠0.8° 0.92335 pu ∠24.579° 0.85917 pu ∠10.1°
VB (VBC) 1.0083 pu ∠–121.4° 1.0359 pu ∠–98.052° 0.98909 pu ∠–115.6°
VC (VCA) 1.0208 pu ∠121.9° 0.94557 pu ∠137.27° 1.0241 pu ∠130.8°
When subjected to the expanded Clarke transform in the previous sub-section, the local currents yield the following values
9 (in relay per-unit values):
• Relay 1: 1.3839 pu ∠–84.504°
• Relay 2: 5.4844 pu ∠–85.236°
• Relay 3: 1.2775 pu ∠–56.917°
When subjected to the expanded Clarke transform in the previous sub-section, the local voltages yield the following values
(in per-unit values of the nominal primary phase-to-ground voltage):

• Relay 1: 0.38781 pu ∠0.26811°

• Relay 2: 0.30072 pu ∠–12.468°
• Relay 3: 0.37827 pu ∠8.9388°
Since they have a common per-unit base, the composite voltages are used at all locations. The currents are ratio matched
using the tap settings.
For example, the composite current at relay 1 is 1.3839 pu of its local CT; that is, 1.3839 × 1200 A = 1.6607 kA. When cal-
culated at relay 2 from the data sent from relay 1 to relay 2, this value is 1.6607 kA / 1000 A = 1.6607 pu of the relay 2 CT.
This is due to the procedure of applying tap settings to the received phase currents before calculating the composite signal.
As a result, the three relays work with the following signals.
Table 9–7: COMPOSITE SIGNALS AT ALL THREE RELAYS

VLOC(X) 0.38781 pu ∠0.26811° 0.30072 pu ∠–12.468° 0.37827 pu ∠8.9388°
VREM1(X) 0.30072 pu ∠–12.468° 0.38781 pu ∠0.26811° 0.38781 pu ∠0.26811°
VREM2(X) 0.37827 pu ∠8.9388° 0.37827 pu ∠8.9388° 0.30072 pu ∠–12.468°
ILOC(X) 1.3839 pu ∠–84.504° 5.4844 pu ∠–85.236° 1.2775 pu ∠–56.917°
IREM1(X) 4.5704 pu ∠–85.236° 1.6607 pu ∠–84.504° 1.0379 pu ∠–84.504°
IREM2(X) 1.7033 pu ∠–56.917° 2.0439 pu ∠–56.917° 3.4278 pu ∠–85.236°
The line impedances entered in secondary ohms are recalculated as follows (refer to the previous sub-section for equa-
tions).
Table 9–8: PER-UNIT LINE IMPEDANCE

Local to tap 0.088509 pu ∠80.5° 0.12644 pu ∠80.5° 0.092735 pu ∠80.5°
Remote 1 to tap 0.15174 pu ∠80.5° 0.073754 pu ∠80.5° 0.11801 pu ∠80.5°
Remote 2 to tap 0.069551 pu ∠80.5° 0.057957 pu ∠80.5° 0.20232 pu ∠80.5°
Using the data in the previous two tables, the tap voltages are calculated as follows (refer to the previous sub-section for
equations).
Table 9–9: CALCULATED TAP VOLTAGES USING TERMINAL DATA

VT(LOC) 0.26581 pu ∠2.2352° 0.39755 pu ∠–178.9° 0.26535 pu ∠2.4583°
VT(REM1) 0.39758 pu ∠–178.9° 0.26582 pu ∠2.2351° 0.26581 pu ∠2.2352°
VT(REM2) 0.26535 pu ∠2.4583° 0.26535 pu ∠2.4587° 0.39758 pu ∠–178.9°
From the above table, it is already visible that:

• Looking from relay 1 there is no fault between the tap and the local terminal and between the tap and remote 2 termi-
nal. Therefore, the fault must be between the remote 1 terminal = relay 2 and the tap.
• Looking from relay 2 there is no fault between the tap and the remote 1 terminal, and between the tap and remote 2
terminal. Therefore, the fault must be between the local terminal = relay 2 and the tap.
9
• Looking from relay 3 there is no fault between the tap and the remote 1 terminal, and between the tap and the local ter-
minal. Therefore, the fault must be between the remote 2 terminal = relay 2 and the tap.
Note that the correct value of the tap voltage is equal for all three relays. This is expected since the per-unit base for the
composite voltages is equal for all three relays.
The three relays calculate the differences as follows (refer to the previous sub-section for equations).

Table 9–10: TAP VOLTAGE DIFFERENCES USING TERMINAL DATA

LOC-REM1 0.66337 pu 0.66334 pu 0.0011344 pu
LOC-REM2 0.0011344 pu 0.66286 pu 0.66289 pu
REM1-REM2 0.66289 pu 0.001137 pu 0.66337 pu
Applying the results of the table above to the equations in the previous sub-section, the algorithm arrives at the following:
• Relay 1 determines remote 1 to tap.
• Relay 2 determines local to tap.
• Relay 3 determines remote 2 to tap.
As a result, the relays use the following data for further calculations.
Table 9–11: INPUT DATA FOR MAIN FAULT LOCATION

Fault segment 2 1 3
L 120 km 120 km 120 km
Z 0.1517 pu ∠80.5° 0.1264 pu ∠80.5° 0.2023 pu ∠80.5°
VTAP 0.26558 pu ∠2.3467° 0.26559 pu ∠2.3468° 0.26558 pu ∠2.3467°
V1 0.30072 pu ∠–12.468° 0.30072 pu ∠–12.468° 0.30072 pu ∠–12.468°
ITAP 2.9991 pu ∠–69.256° 3.599 pu ∠–69.256° 2.2494 pu ∠–69.256°
IFLT 7.4992 pu ∠–78.915° 8.999 pu ∠–78.915° 5.6244 pu ∠–78.915°
The data above are effectively identical. The difference in current magnitudes results from different per-unit bases at the
three relays (1200 A, 1000 A, and 1600 A). The difference in impedances results from different CT and VT ratios at the
three relays.
The tap voltage is the actual voltage at the tap (0.26558 × 500 kV / 3 = 76.67 kV). The V1 voltage is the voltage at relay 2
(0.30072 pu = 86.81 kV).
The tap current is the total feed from the tap towards the fault and is 2.9991 × 1200 A = 3.599 pu × 1000 A =
2.2494 pu × 1600 A = 3.599 kA. The fault current is 7.4992 pu × 1200 A = 8.999 pu × 1000 A = 5.6244 pu × 1600 A =
8.999 kA.
The data above results in the following fault locations.
• Relay 1 fault location = 0.4173 pu or 0.4173 × 120 km = 50.0704 km from its remote terminal 1 (relay 2)
• Relay 2 fault location = 0.4172 pu or 0.4172 × 120 km = 50.07 km from local terminal (relay 2)
• Relay 3 fault location = 0.4173 pu or 0.4173 × 120 km = 50.0704 km from its remote terminal 2 (relay 2)
The actual fault location in this example was 50.00km from relay 2 as shown below.
channel 1 AG channel 1
Relay 1 50 km Relay 2
70 km 120 km
channel 2 channel 2
9
55 km
Relay 3
channel 1 channel 2 831812A1.CDR
Figure 9–13: ACTUAL FAULT LOCATION

9.4.3 SINGLE-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR
When the multi-ended fault locator cannot be executed due to communication channel problems or invalid signals from
remote terminals, then the single-ended method is used to report fault location.
Fault type determination is required for calculation of fault location – the algorithm uses the angle between the negative and
positive sequence components of the relay currents. To improve accuracy and speed of operation, the fault components of
the currents are used; that is, the pre-fault phasors are subtracted from the measured current phasors. In addition to the
angle relationships, certain extra checks are performed on magnitudes of the negative and zero-sequence currents.
The single-ended fault location method assumes that the fault components of the currents supplied from the local (A) and
remote (B) systems are in phase. The figure below shows an equivalent system for fault location.
distance to fault
Remote
Local bus bus
ZA IA mZ (1-m)Z IB ZB
EA VF RF EB
VA VB
842780A1.CDR
Figure 9–14: EQUIVALENT SYSTEM FOR FAULT LOCATION

The following equations hold true for this equivalent system.
VA = m ⋅ Z ⋅ IA + RF ⋅ ( IA + IB ) (EQ 9.51)
where: m = sought pu distance to fault, Z = positive sequence impedance of the line.

The currents from the local and remote systems can be parted between their fault (F) and pre-fault load (pre) components:
I A = I AF + I Apre (EQ 9.52)
and neglecting shunt parameters of the line:

I B = I BF – I Apre (EQ 9.53)
Inserting the IA and IB equations into the VA equation and solving for the fault resistance yields:
VA – m ⋅ Z ⋅ IA
R F = ----------------------------------- (EQ 9.54)
I BF⎞
I AF ⋅ ⎛ 1 + ------- -
⎝ I ⎠ AF
Assuming the fault components of the currents, IAF and IBF are in phase, and observing that the fault resistance, as imped-
ance, does not have any imaginary part gives:
VA – m ⋅ Z ⋅ IA
Im ⎛ -----------------------------------⎞ = 0 (EQ 9.55)
⎝ I AF ⎠
where: Im() represents the imaginary part of a complex number. Solving the above equation for the unknown m creates the
following fault location algorithm:
Im ( V A ⋅ I AF∗ ) 9
m = ---------------------------------------
- (EQ 9.56)
Im ( Z ⋅ I A ⋅ I AF∗ )
where * denotes the complex conjugate and I AF = I A – I Apre .

Depending on the fault type, appropriate voltage and current signals are selected from the phase quantities before applying
the two equations above (the superscripts denote phases, the subscripts denote stations).
For AG faults:
A A
VA = VA , I A = I A + K 0 ⋅ I 0A (EQ 9.57)
For BG faults:
B B
VA = VA , I A = I A + K 0 ⋅ I 0A (EQ 9.58)
For CG faults:
C BC
VA = VA , I A = I A + K 0 ⋅ I 0A (EQ 9.59)
For AB and ABG faults:

A B A B
VA = VA – VA , IA = IA – IA (EQ 9.60)
For BC and BCG faults:

B C B C
VA = VA – VA , IA = IA – IA (EQ 9.61)
For CA and CAG faults:

C A C A
VA = VA – VA , IA = IA – IA (EQ 9.62)
where K0 is the zero sequence compensation factor (for the first six equations above)
For ABC faults, all three AB, BC, and CA loops are analyzed and the final result is selected based upon consistency of the
results
The element calculates the distance to the fault (with m in miles or kilometers) and the phases involved in the fault.
The relay allows locating faults from delta-connected VTs. If the FAULT REPORT 1 VT SUBSTITUTION setting is set to “None”,
and the VTs are connected in wye, the fault location is performed based on the actual phase to ground voltages. If the VTs
are connected in delta, fault location is suspended.
If the FAULT REPORT 1 VT SUBSTITUTION setting value is “V0” and the VTs are connected in a wye configuration, the fault
location is performed based on the actual phase to ground voltages. If the VTs are connected in a delta configuration, fault
location is performed based on the delta voltages and externally supplied neutral voltage:
1
V A = --- ( V N + V AB – V CA )
3
1
V B = --- ( V N + V BC – V AB ) (EQ 9.63)
3
1
V B = --- ( V N + V CA – V BC )
3
If the FAULT REPORT 1 VT SUBSTITUTION setting value is “I0” and the VTs are connected in a wye configuration, the fault loca-
tion is performed based on the actual phase to ground voltages. If the VTs are connected in a delta configuration, fault loca-
tion is performed based on the delta voltages and zero-sequence voltage approximated based on the zero-sequence
current:
1
V A = --- ( V AB – V CA ) – Z SYS0 I 0
9 3
1
V B = --- ( V BC – V AB ) – Z SYS0 I 0 (EQ 9.64)
3
1
V B = --- ( V CA – V BC ) – Z SYS0 I 0
3
where ZSYS0 is the equivalent zero-sequence impedance behind the relay as entered under the fault report setting menu.

SETTINGS
FAULT REPORT 1 Z1
MAG:
FAULT REPORT 1 Z1
ANGLE:
FAULT REPORT 1 Z0
MAG:
FAULT REPORT 1 Z0
ANGLE:
FAULT REPORT 1
LENGTH UNITS:
FAULT REPORT 1
LENGTH:
SETTING FAULT REPORT 1 VT

SUBSTITUTION:
FAULT REPORT
TRIG: FAULT REP 1
SYSTEM Z0 MAG:
Off=0
FAULT REP 1
SYSTEM Z0 ANGLE:
SETTINGS
AND RUN
FAULT REPORT
SOURCE: ACTUAL VALUES
0 FAULT REPORT #
SRC X 50DD OP
3 SEC
IA DATE
IB TIME
IC FAULT TYPE
FAULT
3I_0 LOCATOR 1 FAULT LOCATION
VA or VAB FAULT# RECLOSE SHOT
VB or VBC
VC or VCA
Vn or V_0
SHOT # FROM
AUTO RECLOSURE 827094A5.CDR
Figure 9–15: FAULT LOCATOR SCHEME

Since the fault locator algorithm is based on the single-end measurement method, in three-terminal config-
uration the estimation of fault location may not be correct at all three terminals especially if fault occurs
NOTE
behind the line's tap respective to the given relay.


10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.1 CT REQUIREMENTS
10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.1CT REQUIREMENTS 10.1.1 INTRODUCTION
In general, proper CT selection is required to provide both adequate fault sensitivity and prevention of operation on high-
current external faults that could result from CT saturation. The use of high-quality CTs (such as class X) improves relay
stability during transients and CT saturation and can increase relay sensitivity. A current differential scheme is highly
dependent on adequate signals from the source CTs. Ideally, CTs selected for line current differential protection should be
based on the criteria described below. If the available CTs do not meet the described criteria, the L90 will still provide good
security for CT saturation for external faults. The L90 adaptive restraint characteristics, based on estimates of measure-
ment errors and CT saturation detection, allow the relay to be secure on external faults while maintaining excellent perfor-
mance for severe internal faults. Where CT characteristics do not meet criteria or where CTs at both ends may have
different characteristics, the differential settings should be adjusted as per section 9.2.1.
The capability of the CTs, and the connected burden, should be checked as follows:
1. The CTs should be class TPX or TPY (class TPZ should only be used after discussion with both the manufacturer of
the CT and GE Multilin) or IEC class 5P20 or better.
2. The CT primary current rating should be somewhat higher than the maximum continuous current, but not extremely
high relative to maximum load because the differential element minimum sensitivity setting is approximately 0.2 × CT
rating (the L90 relay allows for different CT ratings at each of the terminals).
3. The VA rating of the CTs should be above the Secondary Burden × CT Rated Secondary Current. The maximum sec-
ondary burden for acceptable performance is:
CT Rated VA
R b + R r < ------------------------------------------------------------2- (EQ 10.1)
( CT Secondary I rated )
where: Rb = total (two-way) wiring resistance plus any other load

Rr = relay burden at rated secondary current
4. The CT kneepoint voltage (per the Vk curves from the manufacturer) should be higher than the maximum secondary
voltage during a fault. This can be estimated by:
V k > I fp × ⎛ ---
X- + 1⎞ × ( R + R + R ) for phase-phase faults
⎝R ⎠ CT L r
(EQ 10.2)
V k > I fg × ⎛ ---
X ⎞
⎝ R- + 1⎠ × ( R CT + 2R L + R r ) for phase-ground faults
where: Ifp = maximum secondary phase-phase fault current

Ifg = maximum secondary phase-ground fault current
X / R = primary system reactance / resistance ratio
RCT = CT secondary winding resistance
RL = AC secondary wiring resistance (one-way)
10.1.2 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 1
This example illustrates how to check the performance of a class C400 ANSI/IEEE CT, ratios 2000/1800/1600/1500 : 5 A
connected at 1500:5. The burden and kneepoints are verified in this example.
Given the following values:
• maximum Ifp = 14 000 A
• maximum Ifg = 12 000 A
• impedance angle of source and line = 78°
• CT secondary leads are 75 m of AWG 10.
The following procedure verifies the burden. ANSI/IEEE class C400 requires that the CT can deliver 1 to 20 times the rated
secondary current to a standard B-4 burden (4 ohms or lower) without exceeding a maximum ratio error of 10%.
1. The maximum allowed burden at the 1500/5 tap is ( 1500 ⁄ 2000 ) × 4 = 3 Ω . 10
2. The RCT, Rr, and RL values are calculated as:

10.1 CT REQUIREMENTS 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
R CT = 0.75 Ω
0.2 VA
R r = ------------------ = 0.008 Ω
( 5 A )2 (EQ 10.3)
3.75 Ω
R L = 2 × 75 m × -------------------- = 2 × 0.26 Ω = 0.528 Ω
1000 m
3. This gives a total burden of:
Total Burden = R CT + R r + R L = 0.75 Ω + 0.008 Ω + 0.52 Ω = 1.28 Ω . (EQ 10.4)
4. This is less than the allowed 3 Ω, which is OK.

The following procedure verifies the kneepoint voltage.
1. The maximum voltage available from the CT = ( 1500 ⁄ 2000 ) × 400 = 300 V .
2. The system X/R ratio = tan 78° = 4.71 .
3. The CT voltage for maximum phase fault is:
14000 A
V = ----------------------------------- × ( 4.71 + 1 ) × ( 0.75 + 0.26 + 0.008 Ω ) = 271.26 V (< 300 V, which is OK) (EQ 10.5)
ratio of 300:1
4. The CT voltage for maximum ground fault is:
12000 A
ratio of 300:1
5. The CT will provide acceptable performance in this application.
10.1.3 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 2
To check the performance of an IEC CT of class 5P20, 15 VA, ratio 1500:5 A, assume the following values:
• maximum Ifp = 14 000 A
• maximum Ifg = 12 000 A
• impedance angle of source and line = 78°
• CT secondary leads are 75 m of AWG 10.
The IEC rating requires the CT deliver up to 20 times the rated secondary current without exceeding a maximum ratio error
of 5%, to a burden of:
15 VA = 0.6 Ω at the 5 A rated current
Burden = ---------------- (EQ 10.7)
( 5 A)2
The total Burden = Rr + Rl = 0.008 + 0.52 = 0.528 Ω, which is less than the allowed 0.6 Ω, which is OK.
The following procedure verifies the kneepoint voltage.
1. The maximum voltage available from the CT = ( 1500 ⁄ 2000 ) × 400 = 300 V .
2. The system X/R ratio = tan 78° = 4.71 .
3. The CT voltage for maximum phase fault is:
14000 A
ratio of 300:1
4. The CT voltage for maximum ground fault is:
12000 A
ratio of 300:1
10 5. The CT will provide acceptable performance in this application.

10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL (87L) SETTINGS
10.2CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL (87L) SETTINGS 10.2.1 INTRODUCTION
Software is available from the GE Multilin website that is helpful in selecting settings for the specific appli-
cation. Checking the performance of selected element settings with respect to known power system fault
NOTE
parameters makes it relatively simple to choose the optimum settings for the application.
This software program is also very useful for establishing test parameters. It is strongly recommended this
program be downloaded.
The differential characteristic is defined by four settings: CURRENT DIFF PICKUP, CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1, CURRENT DIFF
RESTRAINT 2, and CURRENT DIFF BREAK PT (breakpoint). As is typical for current-based differential elements, the settings
are a trade-off between operation on internal faults against restraint during external faults.
10.2.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PICKUP
This setting established the sensitivity of the element to high impedance faults, and it is therefore desirable to choose a low
level, but this can cause a maloperation for an external fault causing CT saturation. The selection of this setting is influ-
enced by the decision to use charging current compensation. If charging current compensation is Enabled, pickup should
be set to a minimum of 150% of the steady-state line charging current, to a lower limit of 10% of CT rating. If charging cur-
rent compensation is Disabled, pickup should be set to a minimum of 250% of the steady-state line charging current to a
lower limit of 10% of CT rating.
If the CT at one terminal can saturate while the CTs at other terminals do not, this setting should be increased by approxi-
mately 20 to 50% (depending on how heavily saturated the one CT is while the other CTs are not saturated) of CT rating to
prevent operation on a close-in external fault.
10.2.3 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1
This setting controls the element characteristic when current is below the breakpoint, where CT errors and saturation
effects are not expected to be significant. The setting is used to provide sensitivity to high impedance internal faults, or
when system configuration limits the fault current to low values. A setting of 10 to 20% is appropriate in most cases, but this
should be raised to 30% if the CTs can perform quite differently during faults.
10.2.4 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 2
This setting controls the element characteristic when current is above the breakpoint, where CT errors and saturation
effects are expected to be significant. The setting is used to provide security against high current external faults. A setting
of 30 to 40% is appropriate in most cases, but this should be raised to 70% if the CTs can perform quite differently during
faults.
Assigning the CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1(2) settings to the same value reverts dual slope bias characteristics into
single slope bias characteristics.
NOTE
10.2.5 CURRENT DIFF BREAK POINT
This setting controls the threshold where the relay changes from using the restraint 1 to the restraint 2 characteristics. Two
approaches can be considered.
1. Program the setting to 150 to 200% of the maximum emergency load current on the line, on the assumption that a
maintained current above this level is a fault.
2. Program the setting below the current level where CT saturation and spurious transient differential currents can be
expected.
The first approach gives comparatively more security and less sensitivity; the second approach provides less security for
more sensitivity.
10

10.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL (87L) SETTINGS 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
10.2.6 CT TAP
If the CT ratios at the line terminals are different, the CURRENT DIFF CT TAP 1(2) setting must be used to correct the ratios to
a common base. In this case, a user should modify the CURRENT DIFF BREAK PT and CURRENT DIFF PICKUP settings
because the local current phasor is used as a reference to determine which differential equation is used, based on the
value of local and remote currents. If the setting is not modified, the responses of individual relays, especially during an
external fault, can be asymmetrical, as one relay can be below the breakpoint and the other above the breakpoint. There
are two methods to overcome this potential problem:
1. Set CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1 and CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 2 to the same value (e.g. 40% or 50%). This converts the
relay characteristics from dual slope into single slope and the breakpoint becomes immaterial. Next, adjust differential
pickup at all terminals according to CT ratios, referencing the desired pickup to the line primary current (see below).
2. Set the breakpoints in each relay individually in accordance with the local CT ratio and the CT TAP setting. Next, adjust
the differential pickup setting according to the terminal CT ratios. The slope value must be identical at all terminals.
Consider a two-terminal configuration with the following CT ratios for relays 1 and 2.
CT ratio ( relay 1 ) = 1000 ⁄ 5
(EQ 10.10)
CT ratio ( relay 2 ) = 2000 ⁄ 5
Consequently, we have the following CT tap value for relays 1 and 2.

CT tap ( relay 1 ) = 2.0
(EQ 10.11)
CT tap ( relay 2 ) = 0.5
To achieve maximum differential sensitivity, the minimum pickup is set as 0.2 pu at the terminal with the higher CT primary
current; in this case 2000:5 for relay 2. The other terminal pickup is adjusted accordingly. The pickup values are set as fol-
lows:
Pickup ( relay 1 ) = 0.4
(EQ 10.12)
Choosing relay 1 as a reference with a breakpoint of 5.0, the break point at relay 2 is chosen as follows:
CT ratio ( relay 1 )
Breakpoint ( relay 2 ) = Breakpoint ( relay 1 ) × ----------------------------------------
(EQ 10.13)
1000 ⁄ 5
= 5.0 × -------------------- = 2.5
2000 ⁄ 5
Use the following equality the verify the calculated breakpoint:
Breakpoint ( relay 1 ) × CT ratio ( relay 1 ) = Breakpoint ( relay 2 ) × CT ratio ( relay 2 ) (EQ 10.14)
Therefore, we have a breakpoint of 5.0 for relay 1 and 2.5 for relay 2.
Now, consider a three-terminal configuration with the following CT ratios for relays 1, 2, and 3.
CT ratio ( relay 1 ) = 1000 ⁄ 5
CT ratio ( relay 2 ) = 2000 ⁄ 5 (EQ 10.15)
CT ratio ( relay 3 ) = 500 ⁄ 5
Consequently, we have the following CT tap value for relays 1, 2, and 3.

CTtap1 ( relay 1 ) = 2.00 CT tap2 ( relay 1 ) = 0.50
CT tap1 ( relay 2 ) = 0.50 CT tap2 ( relay 2 ) = 0.25 (EQ 10.16)
CT tap1 ( relay 3 ) = 2.00 CT tap2 ( relay 3 ) = 4.00
In this case, the relay channels communicate as follows:

10 • For relay 1, channel 1 communicates to relay 2 and channel 2 communicates to relay 3
• For relay 2, channel 1 communicates to relay 1 and channel 2 communicates to relay 3

• For relay 3, channel 1 communicates to relay 1 and channel 2 communicates to relay 2

Consequently, to achieve the maximum sensitivity of 0.2 pu at the terminal with a CT ratio of 2000/5 (400 amps line primary
differential current), the following pickup values are chosen:
Pickup ( relay 2 ) = 0.2 (EQ 10.17)
Choosing relay as a reference with a breakpoint value of 5.0 pu, breakpoints for relays 2 and 3 are calculated as follows:
(EQ 10.18)
1000 ⁄ 5
= 5.0 × -------------------- = 2.5
2000 ⁄ 5
(EQ 10.19)
1000 ⁄ 5
= 5.0 × -------------------- = 10.0
500 ⁄ 5
To verify the calculated values, we have:
Breakpoint ( relay 1 ) × CT ratio ( relay 1 ) = 5.0 × 1000 ⁄ 5 = 1000
Breakpoint ( relay 2 ) × CT ratio ( relay 2 ) = 2.5 × 2000 ⁄ 5 = 1000 (EQ 10.20)
Breakpoint ( relay 3 ) × CT ratio ( relay 3 ) = 10.0 × 5000 ⁄ 5 = 1000
This satisfies the equality condition indicated earlier.

During on-load tests, the differential current at all terminals should be the same and generally equal to the charging current
if the tap and CT ratio settings are chosen correctly.
10

10.2.7 BREAKER-AND-A-HALF
Assume a breaker-and-the-half configuration shown in the figure below. This section provides guidance on configuring the
L90 relay for this application. The L90 is equipped with two CT/VT modules: F8F and L8F.
1. CTs and VTs are connected to L90 CT/VT modules as follows:
– CT1 circuitry is connected to the F1 to F3 terminals of the F8F module (three-phase CT inputs, CT bank “F”).
– CT2 circuitry is connected to the F1 to F3 terminals of the L8F module (three-phase CT inputs, CT bank “L”).
– VT1 circuitry is connected to the F8 terminals of the F8F module (single-phase VT for synchrocheck 1, VT bank “F”).
– VT2 circuitry is connected to the F8 terminals of the L8F module (single-phase VT for synchrocheck 2, VT bank “L”).
– VT3 circuitry is connected to the F5 to F7 terminals of the F8F modules (three-phase VT for distance, metering, syn-
chrocheck, charging current compensation, etc.; VT bank “F”).
Figure 10–1: BREAKER-AND-A-HALF APPLICATION

2. The CTs and VTs are configured according to the following ratios and connections (EnerVista UR Setup example
shown):
10

3. The sources are configured as follows:

Source 1: – First current source for current differential,
– voltage source for charging current compensation,
– current source for breaker failure 1
Source 2: – Second current source for current differential,
– current source for breaker failure 2, and
– voltage source for synchrocheck 2.
Source 3: – Current source for distance, backup overcurrent,
– voltage source for distance,
– voltage source for synchrocheck 1 and 2.
Source 4: – Voltage source for synchrocheck 1.
The EnerVista UR Setup configuration is shown below:
4. Sources are assigned accordingly in the specific element menus. For current differential, set CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL
SOURCE 1 to “SRC 1” and CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 2 to “SRC 2”.
For distance and backup overcurrent, make the following settings changes (EnerVista UR Setup example shown):
10

For breaker failure 1 and 2, make the following settings changes (EnerVista UR Setup example shown):
For synchrocheck 1 and 2, make the following settings changes (EnerVista UR Setup example shown):
10

10.2.8 DISTRIBUTED BUS PROTECTION
In some cases, buses of the same substation are located quite far from each other or even separated by the line. In these
cases, it is challenging to apply conventional bus protection because of the CT cable length. In other cases, there are no
CTs available on the line side of the line to be protected. Taking full advantage of L90 capability to support up to 4 directly-
connected CTs, the relay can be applied to protect both line and buses as shown below. Proper CT/VT modules must be
ordered for such applications. The varying CT ratios at the breakers can be compensated locally by using the sources
mechanism and with the CT TAP settings between remote relays. If more than 4 but less than 8 CTs are to be connected to
the L90 at one bus, the 3-terminal system can be applied, provided the user does not exceed a total of 12 CTs.
831787A1.CDR
Figure 10–2: DISTRIBUTED BUS PROTECTION
10

10.3 CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION USING GPS 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
10.3CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION USING GPS 10.3.1 DESCRIPTION
As indicated in the Settings chapter, the L90 provides three basic methods of applying channel asymmetry compensation
using GPS. Channel asymmetry can also be monitored with actual values and an indication signalled (FlexLogic™ oper-
ands 87L DIFF 1(2) MAX ASYM asserted) if channel asymmetry exceeds preset values. Depending on the implemented
relaying philosophy, the relay can be programmed to perform the following on the loss of the GPS signal:
1. Enable GPS compensation on the loss of the GPS signal at any terminal and continue to operate the 87L element
(using the memorized value of the last asymmetry) until a change in the channel round-trip delay is detected.
2. Enable GPS compensation on the loss of the GPS signal at any terminal and block the 87L element after a specified
time.
3. Continuously operate the 87L element but only enable GPS compensation when valid GPS signals are available. This
provides less sensitive protection on the loss of the GPS signal at any terminal and runs with higher pickup and
restraint settings.
10.3.2 COMPENSATION METHOD 1
Enable GPS compensation on the loss of the GPS signal at any terminal and continue to operate the 87L element until a
change in the channel round-trip delay is detected.
If GPS is enabled at all terminals and the GPS signal is present, the L90 compensates for the channel asymmetry. On the
loss of the GPS signal, the L90 stores the last measured value of the channel asymmetry per channel and compensates for
the asymmetry until the GPS clock is available. However, if the channel was switched to another physical path during GPS
loss conditions, the 87L element must be blocked, since the channel asymmetry cannot be measured and system is no lon-
ger accurately synchronized. The value of the step change in the channel is preset in L90 POWER SYSTEM settings menu
and signaled by the 87L DIFF 1(2) TIME CHNG FlexLogic™ operand. To implement this method, follow the steps below:
1. Enable Channel Asymmetry compensation by setting it to ON. Assign the GPS receiver failsafe alarm contact with the
setting Block GPS Time Ref.
2. Create FlexLogic™ similar to that shown below to block the 87L element on GPS loss if step change in the channel
delay occurs during GPS loss conditions or on a startup before the GPS signal is valid. For three-terminal systems, the
87L DIFF 1 TIME CHNG operand must be ORed with the 87L DIFF 2 TIME CHNG FlexLogic™ operand. The Block
87L (VO1) output is reset if the GPS signal is restored and the 87L element is ready to operate.
10

10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.3 CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION USING GPS
1 87L DIFF GPS FAIL

AND(2)
2 87L DIFF BLOCKED
3 AND(2) OR(2)
4 87L DIFF GPS FAIL
AND(2)
5 87L DIFF 1 TIME CHNG
6 AND(2) Set
LATCH = BLOCK 87L (VO1)
7 TIMER 1 Reset
8 OR(2)
9 87L DIFF BLOCKED
10 NOT AND(2)
11 87L DIFF GPS FAIL
12 NOT
13 AND(2)
14 TIMER 2
15 LATCH
16 = BLOCK 87L (VO1)

831777A1.CDR
3. Assign virtual output BLOCK 87L (VO1) to the 87L Current Differential Block setting. It can be used to enable backup
protection, raise an alarm, and perform other functions as per the given protection philosophy.
Enable GPS compensation on the loss of the GPS signal at any terminal and block the 87L element after a specified time.
This is a simple and conservative way of using the GPS feature. Follow steps 1 and 3 in compensation method 1. The Flex-
Logic™ is simple: 87L DIFF GPS FAIL-Timer-Virtual Output Block 87L (VO1). It is recommended that the timer be set no
higher than 10 seconds.
Continuously operate the 87L element but enable GPS compensation only when valid GPS signals are available. This pro-
vides less sensitive protection on GPS signal loss at any terminal and runs with higher pickup and restraint settings.
This approach can be used carefully if maximum channel asymmetry is known and doesn't exceed certain values (2.0 to
2.5 ms). The 87L DIFF MAX ASYM operand can be used to monitor and signal maximum channel asymmetry. Essentially,
the L90 switches to another setting group with higher pickup and restraint settings, sacrificing sensitivity to keep the 87L
function operational.
1. Create FlexLogic™ similar to that shown below to switch the 87L element to Settings Group 2 (with most sensitive set-
tings) if the L90 has a valid GPS time reference. If a GPS or 87L communications failure occurs, the L90 will switch
back to Settings Group 1 with less sensitive settings.
10

10.3 CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION USING GPS 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
17 87L DIFF 1 MAX ASYM
18 NOT AND(2)
Set
20 NOT LATCH = GPS ON-GR.2 (VO2)
21 AND(2)
Reset
22 87L DIFF 1 MAX ASYM

OR(2)
24 OR(2)
25 TIMER 3
26 LATCH
27 = GPS ON-GR.2 (VO2)

831778A1.CDR
2. Set the 87L element with different differential settings for Settings Groups 1 and 2 as shown below
3. Enable GPS compensation when the GPS signal is valid and switch to Settings Group 2 (with more sensitive settings)
as shown below.
10

10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.4 DISTANCE BACKUP/SUPERVISION
10.4DISTANCE BACKUP/SUPERVISION 10.4.1 DESCRIPTION
Many high voltage lines have transformers tapped to the line serving as an economic approach to the supply of customer
load. A typical configuration is shown in the figure below.
Terminal 1 Terminal 2
831021A1.CDR
Figure 10–3: TYPICAL HV LINE CONFIGURATION

Two distinctly different approaches are available, Distance Backup and Distance Supervision, depending on which con-
cerns are dominant. In either case, the distance function can provide a definite time backup feature to give a timed clear-
ance for a failure of the L90 communications. Additionally, a POTT (Permissive Over-reaching Transfer Trip) scheme can
be selected and activated after detection of an L90 communications failure, if an alternate lower bandwidth communications
channel is available.
If Distance Backup is employed, dependability concerns usually relate to a failure of the communications. The distance
elements can then effectively provide a means of fault identification and clearance. However, for a line with tapped trans-
formers, a number of other issues need to be considered to ensure stability for the L90.
Any differential scheme has a potential problem when a LV fault occurs at the tapped transformer location, and the current
at the tap is not measured. Because the transformer size can become quite large, the required increase in the differential
setting to avoid operation for the LV bus fault can result in a loss of sensitivity.
If the tapped transformer is a source of zero sequence infeed, then the L90 zero-sequence current removal has to enabled
as described in the next section.
The zero sequence infeed creates an apparent impedance setting issue for the backup ground distance and the zero
sequence compensation term is also not accurate, so that the positive sequence reach setting must be increased to com-
pensate. The phase distance reach setting may also have to be increased to cope with a transfer across the two transform-
ers, but this is dependent on the termination and configuration of the parallel line.
Three terminal line applications generally will result in larger reach settings for the distance backup and require a calcula-
tion of the apparent impedance for a remote fault. This should be carried out for each of the three terminals, as the calcu-
lated apparent impedance will be different at each terminal.
Distance Supervision essentially offers a solution for the LV fault condition, but the differential setting must still be
increased to avoid operation for an external L-g or L-L-g fault external ground fault. In addition, the distance element reach
setting must still see all faults within the protected line and be less than the impedance for a LV bus fault
The effective SIR (source impedance ratio) for the LV fault generally is not high, so that CVT transients do not contribute to
measuring errors.
If the distance supervision can be set to avoid operation for a transformer LV fault, then generally the filtering associated
with the distance measuring algorithm will ensure no operation under magnetizing inrush conditions. The distance element
can be safely set up to 2.5 × Vnom / Ipeak, where Vnom is the system nominal voltage and Ipeak is the peak value of the mag-
netizing inrush current.
For those applications where the tapped station is close to one terminal, then it may be difficult to set the distance supervi-
sion to reach the end of the line, and at the same time avoid operation for a LV fault. For this system configuration, a 3-ter-
minal L90 should be utilized; the third terminal is then fed from CT on the high side of the tapped transformer.
10

10.4 DISTANCE BACKUP/SUPERVISION 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
10.4.2 PHASE DISTANCE
a) PHASE CURRENT SUPERVISION AND THE FUSE FAILURE ELEMENT

The phase-to-phase (delta) current is used to supervise the phase distance elements, primarily to ensure that in a de-ener-
gized state the distance elements will not be picked up due to noise or induced voltages, on the line.
However, this supervision feature may also be employed to prevent operation under fuse failure conditions. This obviously
requires that the setting must be above maximum load current and less than the minimum fault conditions for which opera-
tion is expected. This potential problem may be avoided by the use of a separate fuse fail function, which means that the
phase current supervision can be set much lower, typically two times the capacitance charging current of the line.
The usage of the fuse fail function is also important during double-contingency events such as an external fault during fuse
fail conditions. The current supervision alone would not prevent maloperation in such circumstances.
It must be kept in mind that the fuse failure element provided on the L90 needs some time to detect fuse fail conditions.
This may create a race between the instantaneous zone 1 and the fuse failure element. Therefore, for maximum security, it
is recommended to both set the current supervision above the maximum load current and use the fuse failure function. The
current supervision prevents maloperation immediately after the fuse fail condition giving some time for the fuse failure ele-
ment to take over and block the distance elements permanently. This is of a secondary importance for time-delayed zones
2 and up as the fuse failure element has some extra time for guaranteed operation. The current supervision may be set
below the maximum load current for the time delayed zones.
Blocking distance elements during fuse fail conditions may not be acceptable in some applications and/or under some pro-
tection philosophies. Applied solutions may vary from not using the fuse failure element for blocking at all; through using it
and modifying – through FlexLogic™ and multiple setting groups mechanisms – other protection functions or other relays to
provide some protection after detecting fuse fail conditions and blocking the distance elements; to using it and accepting
the fact that the distance protection will not respond to subsequent internal faults until the problem is addressed.
To be fully operational, the Fuse Failure element must be enabled, and its output FlexLogic™ operand must be indi-
cated as the blocking signal for the selected protection elements.
NOTE
For convenience, the current supervision threshold incorporates the 3 factor.
b) PHASE DISTANCE ZONE 1

As typically used for direct tripping, the zone 1 reach must be chosen so that it does not extend beyond the far end(s) of the
protected line. Zone 1 provides nominally instantaneous protection for any phase fault within a pre-determined distance
from the relay location. To ensure that no overreach occurs, typically requires a setting of 80 to 90% of the line length,
which covers CT and VT errors, relay inaccuracy and transient overreach as well as uncertainty in the line impedance for
each phase, although transposition may minimize this latter concern.
The total relay inaccuracy including both steady state and transient overreach even when supplied from CVTs under the
source impedance ratios of up to 30, is below 5%.
c) PHASE DISTANCE ZONE 2

Zone 2 is an overreaching element, which essentially covers the final 10 to 20% whole of the line length with a time delay.
The additional function for the zone 2 is as a timed backup for faults on the remote bus. Typically the reach is set to 125%
of the positive-sequence impedance of the line, to ensure operation, with an adequate margin, for a fault at 100% of the line
length. The necessary time delay must ensure that coordination is achieved with the clearance of a close-in fault on the
next line section, including the breaker operating time.
The zone 2 time delay is typically set from 0.2 to 0.6 seconds, although this may have to be reviewed more carefully if a
short line terminates on the remote bus, since the two zone 2 elements may overlap and therefore not coordinate in a sat-
isfactory manner.
d) PHASE DISTANCE ZONE 3

If a remote backup philosophy is followed, then the reach of this element must be set to account for any infeed at the
remote bus, plus the impedance of the longest line which terminates on this remote bus. The time delay must coordinate
with other time-delayed protections on any remote line. Circuit loading limitations created by a long zone reach may be
overcome by using lens or quadrilateral characteristics and/or a load encroachment supervising characteristic. Consider-
10

10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.4 DISTANCE BACKUP/SUPERVISION
ation should also be given to a situation where the load impedance may enter into the relay characteristic for a time longer
than the chosen time delay, which could occur transiently during a system power swing. For this reason the power swing
blocking function should be used.
10.4.3 GROUND DISTANCE
a) NEUTRAL CURRENT SUPERVISION

The current supervision for the ground distance elements responds to an internally calculated neutral current (3 × I_0). The
setting for this element should be based on twice the zero-sequence line capacitance current or the maximum zero-
sequence unbalance under maximum load conditions. This element should not be used to prevent an output when the load
impedance is inside the distance characteristic on a steady state basis.
b) GROUND DISTANCE ZONE 1

The zone 1 reach must be set so that nominally instantaneous operation does not extend beyond the end of the protected
line. However this may be somewhat more complicated than for the phase elements, because of zero sequence mutual
induction with an adjacent parallel line, possibly carried on the same tower, which can be out of service and grounded at
multiple points. A fault beyond 100% of the protected line may cause overreach unless the reach is reduced significantly,
sometimes as low as 65% of the line length. If the line being protected does not have a significant interaction with an adja-
cent circuit, then the typical 80% setting may be used. If there is significant mutual coupling between the parallel lines, then
the mutual compensation feature of the ground distance elements can be used instead of a drastic reduction in the reach.
However, even in this case, there is more uncertainty as compared with the phase distance elements because the zero-
sequence impedance of the line and thus the zero-sequence-compensating factors may vary significantly due to weather
and other conditions.
c) GROUND DISTANCE ZONE 2

To ensure that the zone 2 can see 100% of the line, inter-circuit mutual effects must be considered, as they can contribute
to a significant under-reach. Typically this may occur on double circuit lines, when both lines may carry the same current.
An analytical study should be carried out to determine the appropriate reach setting.
The main purpose of this element is to operate for faults beyond the reach of the local zone 1 element, and therefore a time
delay must be used similar to the phase fault case.
d) GROUND DISTANCE ZONE 3

This remote back up function must have a reach which is set to account for any infeed at the remote bus, plus the imped-
ance of the longest line which terminates on this remote bus. Similar to the phase fault case, a zone 3 element must be
time coordinated with timed clearances on the next section.
10

10.5 POTT SIGNALING SCHEME 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
10.5POTT SIGNALING SCHEME 10.5.1 DESCRIPTION
This scheme is intended for two-terminal line applications only.

This scheme uses an over-reaching Zone 2 distance element to essentially compare the direction to a fault at both the ends
of the line.
Ground directional overcurrent functions available in the relay can be used in conjunction with the Zone 2 distance element
to key the scheme and initiate its operation. This provides increased coverage for high-resistance faults.
Good directional integrity is the key requirement for an over-reaching forward-looking protection element used to supple-
ment Zone 2. Even though any FlexLogic™ operand could be used for this purpose allowing the user to combine
responses of various protection elements, or to apply extra conditions through FlexLogic™ equations, this extra signal is
primarily meant to be the output operand from the Neutral Directional IOC. Both of these elements have separate forward
(FWD) and reverse (REV) output operands. The forward indication should be used (NEUTRAL DIR OC1 FWD).
An important consideration is when one of the line terminals is open. It is then necessary to identify this condition and
arrange for a continuous sending of the permissive signal or use a slower but more secure echo feature to send a signal to
the other terminal, which is producing the fault infeed. With any echo scheme however, a means must be provided to avoid
a permanent lock up of the transmit/receive loop. The echo co-ordination (ECHO DURATION) and lock-out (ECHO LOCK-
OUT) timers perform this function by ensuring that the permissive signal is echoed once for a guaranteed duration of time
before going to a lockout for a settable period of time.
It should be recognized that in ring bus or breaker and a half situations, it may be the line disconnect or a combination of
the disconnect and/or the breaker(s) status that is the indication that the terminal is open.
The POTT RX PICKUP DELAY timer is included in the permissive receive path to ride through spurious receive outputs that
may be produced during external faults, when power line carrier is utilized as the communications medium.
No current reversal logic is included for the overreaching phase and ground distance elements, because long reaches are
not usually required for two terminal lines. A situation can occur however, where the ground distance element will have an
extended reach. This situation is encountered when it is desired to account for the zero sequence inter-circuit mutual cou-
pling. This is not a problem for the ground distance elements in the L90 which do have a current reversal logic built into
their design as part of the technique used to improve ground fault directionality.
Unlike the distance protection elements the ground directional overcurrent functions do not have their reach well defined,
therefore the current reversal logic is incorporated for the extra signal supplementing Zone 2 in the scheme. The transient
blocking approach for this POTT scheme is to recognize that a permissive signal has been received and then allow a setta-
ble time TRANS BLOCK PICKUP DELAY for the local forward looking directional element to pick up.
The scheme generates an output operand (POTT TX) that is used to transmit the signal to the remote end. Choices of com-
munications channel include Remote Inputs/Outputs and telecommunications interfaces. When used with telecommunica-
tions facilities the output operand should be assigned to operate an output contact connected to key the transmitter at the
interface. Power Line Carrier (PLC) channels are not recommended for this scheme since the PLC signal can be inter-
rupted by a fault.
For proper operation of the scheme the Zone 2 phase and ground distance elements must be enabled, configured and set
per rules of distance relaying. The Line Pickup element should be enabled, configured and set properly to detect line-end-
open/weak-infeed conditions.
If used by this scheme, the selected ground directional overcurrent function(s) must be enabled, configured and set accord-
ingly The output operand from the scheme (POTT OP) must be configured to interface with other relay functions, output
contacts in particular, in order to make the scheme fully operational. Typically, the output operand should be programmed to
initiate a trip, breaker fail, and auto-reclose, and drive a user-programmable LED as per user application.
10

10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.6 SERIES COMPENSATED LINES
10.6SERIES COMPENSATED LINES 10.6.1 DISTANCE SETTINGS ON SERIES COMPENSATED LINES
Traditionally, the reach setting of an underreaching distance function shall be set based on the net inductive impedance
between the potential source of the relay and the far-end busbar, or location for which the zone must not overreach. Faults
behind series capacitors on the protected and adjacent lines need to be considered for this purpose. For further illustration
a sample system shown in the figure below is considered.
voltage
SENDING RECEIVING
protection reactance
BUS BUS
level
0.5 pu 0.6 pu 0.5 pu 0.7 pu
-2 Ω -4 Ω -3 Ω -5 Ω
INFINITE
INFINITE
3Ω 10 Ω 7Ω
BUS
BUS
F2 A B B A F1
Protected Line
Figure 10–4: SAMPLE SERIES COMPENSATED SYSTEM
Assuming 20% security margin, the underreaching zone shall be set as follows.
At the Sending Bus, one must consider an external fault at F1 as the 5 Ω capacitor would contribute to the overreaching
effect. Any fault behind F1 is less severe as extra inductive line impedance increases the apparent impedance:
Reach Setting: 0.8 x (10 – 3 – 5) = 1.6 Ω if the line-side (B) VTs are used
Reach Setting: 0.8 x (10 – 4 – 3 – 5) = –1.6 Ω if the bus-side (A) VTs are used
The negative value means that an underreaching zone cannot be used as the circuit between the potential source of the
relay and an external fault for which the relay must not pick-up, is overcompensated, i.e. capacitive.
At the Receiving Bus, one must consider a fault at F2:
Reach Setting: 0.8 x (10 – 4 – 2) = 3.2 Ω if the line-side (B) VTs are used
Reach Setting: 0.8 x (10 – 4 – 3 – 2) = 0.8 Ω if the bus-side (A) VTs are used
Practically, however, to cope with the effect of sub-synchronous oscillations, one may need to reduce the reach even more.
As the characteristics of sub-synchronous oscillations are in complex relations with fault and system parameters, no solid
setting recommendations are given with respect to extra security margin for sub-synchronous oscillations. It is strongly rec-
ommended to use a power system simulator to verify the reach settings or to use an adaptive L90 feature for dynamic
reach control.
If the adaptive reach control feature is used, the PHS DIST Z1 VOLT LEVEL setting shall be set accordingly.
This setting is a sum of the overvoltage protection levels for all the series capacitors located between the relay potential
source and the far-end busbar, or location for which the zone must not overreach. The setting is entered in pu of the phase
VT nominal voltage (RMS, not peak value).
If a minimum fault current level (phase current) is causing a voltage drop across a given capacitor that prompts its air gap to
flash over or its MOV to carry practically all the current, then the series capacitor shall be excluded from the calculations
(the capacitor is immediately by-passed by its overvoltage protection system and does not cause any overreach problems).
If a minimum fault current does not guarantee an immediate capacitor by-pass, then the capacitor must be included in the
calculation: its overvoltage protection level, either air gap flash-over voltage or MOV knee-point voltage, shall be used
(RMS, not peak value).
Assuming none of the series capacitors in the sample system is guaranteed to get by-passed, the following calculations
apply:
For the Sending Bus: 0.5 + 0.7 = 1.2 pu if the line-side (B) VTs are used
0.6 + 0.5 + 0.7 = 1.8 pu if the bus-side (A) VTs are used
For the Receiving Bus: 0.6 + 0.5 = 1.1 pu if the line-side (B) VTs are used
0.6 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 1.6 pu if the bus-side (A) VTs are used 10

10.6 SERIES COMPENSATED LINES 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
10.6.2 GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT
Ground directional overcurrent function (negative-sequence or neutral) uses an offset impedance to guarantee correct fault
direction discrimination. The following setting rules apply.
1. If the net impedance between the potential source and the local equivalent system is inductive, then there is no need
for an offset. Otherwise, the offset impedance shall be at least the net capacitive reactance.
2. The offset cannot be higher than the net inductive reactance between the potential source and the remote equivalent
system. For simplicity and extra security, the far-end busbar may be used rather than the remote equivalent system.
As the ground directional functions are meant to provide maximum fault resistance coverage, it is justified to assume that
the fault current is very low and none of the series capacitors is guaranteed to get by-passed. Consider settings of the neg-
ative-sequence directional overcurrent protection element for the Sample Series Compensated System.
For the Sending Bus relay, bus-side VTs:
• Net inductive reactance from the relay into the local system = –2 + 3 = 1 Ω > 0; there is no need for offset.
• Net inductive reactance from relay through far-end busbar = –4 + 10 – 3 = 3 Ω; the offset cannot be higher than 3 Ω.
• It is recommended to use 1.5 Ω offset impedance.
For the Sending Bus relay, line-side VTs:
• Net inductive reactance from relay into local system = –2 + 3 – 4 = –3 Ω < 0; an offset impedance ≥3 Ω must be used.
• Net inductive reactance from relay through far-end busbar = 10 – 3 = 7 Ω; the offset cannot be higher than 7 Ω.
• It is recommended to use 5 Ω offset impedance.
For the Receiving Bus relay, bus-side VTs:
• Net inductive reactance from relay into local system = –5 + 7 = 2 Ω > 0; there is no need for offset.
• Net inductive reactance from relay through far-end busbar = –3 + 10 – 4 = 3 Ω; the offset cannot be higher than 3 Ω.
For the Receiving Bus relay, line-side VTs:
• Net inductive reactance from relay into local system = –3 – 5 + 7 = –1 Ω < 0; an offset impedance ≥1 Ω must be used.
• Net inductive reactance from relay through far-end busbar = 10 – 4 = 6 Ω; the offset cannot be higher than 6 Ω.
10

10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.7 LINES WITH TAPPED TRANSFORMERS
10.7LINES WITH TAPPED TRANSFORMERS 10.7.1 DESCRIPTION
The L90 protection system could be applied to lines with tapped transformer(s) even if the latter has its windings connected
in a grounded wye on the line side and the transformer(s) currents are not measured by the L90 protection system. The fol-
lowing approach is recommended.
If the setting SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ L90 POWER SYSTEM ÖØ ZERO-SEQ CURRENT REMOVAL is “Enabled”, all relays at the line ter-
minals are calculating zero-sequence for both local and remote currents and are removing this current from the phase cur-
rents. This ensures the differential current is immune to the zero-sequence current outfeed caused by the in-zone
transformer with a primary wye-connected winding solidly grounded neutral.
At all terminals the following is being performed:
I_L_0 = (I_L_A + I_L_B + I_L_C) / 3) : local zero-sequence current
I_R_0 = (I_R_A + I_R_B + I_R_C) / 3 : remote zero-sequence current
Now, the I_PHASE – I_0 values (for Local and Remote) are being used instead of pure phase currents for differential and
restraint current calculations. See the Theory of Operation chapter for additional details.
For example, the operating current in phase A is determined as:
I2op_A = |(I_L_A – I_L_0) + (I_R_A – I_R_0) |2 : squared operating current, phase A
where: I_L_A = “local” current phase A
I_R_A = “remote” current phase A
I_L_0 = local zero-sequence current
I_R_0 = remote zero-sequence current
I2op_A = operating (differential) squared current phase A
The restraint current is calculated in a similar way.
When the ZERO-SEQ CURRENT REMOVAL feature is enabled, the modified (I_0 removed) differential current in all
three phases is shown in the ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö 87L DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT menu. Local and remote
NOTE currents values are not changed.
10.7.2 TRANSFORMER LOAD CURRENTS
As the tapped line may be energized from one terminal only, or there may be a low current flowing through the line, the
slope setting of the differential characteristic would not guarantee stability of the relay on transformer load currents. Conse-
quently, a pickup setting must be risen accordingly in order to prevent maloperation. The L90 forms its restraint current in a
unique way as explained in Chapter 8. Unlike traditional approaches, the effects of slope and pickup settings are combined:
the higher the slope, the lower the pickup setting required for the same restraining effect.
Assuming the line energized from one terminal and the current is below the lower break-point of the characteristic one
should consider the following stability conditions in order to select the pickup (P) and slope (S1) settings (ILOAD is a maxi-
mum total load current of the tapped transformer(s)).
• Two-terminal applications: • Three-terminal applications:
2 2 2 2
I op = I LOAD I op = I LOAD
2 2 2 2 2 4 22 2
I REST = 2S 1 I LOAD + 2P I REST = --- S 1 I LOAD + 2P
3
2 2 2 2
Stability condition: 2S 1 I LOAD + 2P > I LOAD 4 22 2 2
Stability condition: --- S 1 I LOAD + 2P > I LOAD
3
The above calculations should take into account the requirement for the pickup setting resulting from line charging currents.
Certainly, a security factor must be applied to the above stability conditions. Alternatively, distance supervision can be con-
sidered to prevent maloperation due to transformer load currents.
10

10.7 LINES WITH TAPPED TRANSFORMERS 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
10.7.3 LV-SIDE FAULTS
Distance supervision should be used to prevent maloperation of the L90 protection system during faults on the LV side of
the transformer(s). As explained earlier, the distance elements should be set to overreach all line terminals, and at the
same time safely underreach the LV busbars of all the tapped transformers. This may present some challenges, particularly
for long lines and large transformer tapped close to the substations. If the L90 system retrofits distance relays, there is a
good chance that one can set the distance elements to satisfy the imposed. If more than one transformer is tapped, partic-
ularly on parallel lines, and the LV sides are interconnected, detailed short circuit studies may be needed to determine the
distance settings.
10.7.4 EXTERNAL GROUND FAULTS
External ground faults behind the line terminals will be seen by the overreaching distance elements. At the same time, the
tapped transformer(s), if connected in a grounded wye, will feed the zero-sequence current. This current is going to be
seen at one L90 terminal only, will cause a spurious differential signal, and consequently, may cause maloperation.
The L90 ensures stability in such a case by removing the zero-sequence current from the phase cur-rents prior to calculat-
ing the operating and restraining signals (SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ L90 POWER SYSTEM ÖØ ZERO-SEQ CURRENT
REMOVAL = “Enabled”). Removing the zero-sequence component from the phase currents may cause the L90 to overtrip
healthy phases on internal ground fault. This is not a limitation, as the single-pole tripping is not recommended for lines with
tapped transformers.
10

10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS 10.8 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENTS
10.8INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENTS 10.8.1 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENT ERROR DURING L90 SYNCHRONIZATION
As explained in the Theory of Operation chapter, two or three L90 relays are synchronized to each other and to system fre-
quency to provide digital differential protection and accurate measurements for other protection and control functions.
When an L90 system is starting up, the relays adjust their frequency aggressively to bring all relays into synchronization
with the system quickly. The tracking frequency can differ from nominal (or system frequency) by a few Hertz, especially
during the first second of synchronization. The 87L function is blocked during synchronization; therefore, the difference
between system frequency and relay sampling frequency does not affect 87L function. However, instantaneous elements
have additional error caused by the sensitivity of Fourier phasor estimation to the difference between signal frequency and
tracking frequency.
To secure instantaneous element operation, it is recommended either to use FlexLogic™ as shown below to block the
instantaneous elements during synchronization, or to use a different setting group with more conservative pickup for this
brief interval.
Figure 10–5: FLEXLOGIC™ TO BLOCK INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENT DURING 87L STARTUP

The elements must be treated selectively. If, for example, the phase undervoltage setting includes margin sufficient to
accommodate the maximum additional error on startup, blocking or delay are not needed for phase undervoltage. Similarly,
if the phase instantaneous overcurrent setting has sufficient margin, blocking is not needed. Note that significant zero-
sequence and negative-sequence current or voltage error will not appear during L90 startup, therefore all elements using
these quantities are safe.
The table below indicates the maximum error and recommended block durations for different elements.
ELEMENT MAXIMUM ERROR ON STARTUP, RECOMMENDED BLOCK

(OPERATE SIGNAL VS. SETTING) DURATION
Phase undervoltage 18% 0.7 seconds
Phase instantaneous overcurrent 9% 0.5 seconds
Ground distance zone 1 7% Not needed
Phase distance zone 1 4% Not needed
10

10.8 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENTS 10 APPLICATION OF SETTINGS
10

11 COMMISSIONING 11.1 TESTING
11 COMMISSIONING 11.1TESTING 11.1.1 CHANNEL TESTING
The communications system transmits and receives data between two or three terminals for the 87L function. The system
11
is designed to work with multiple channel options including direct and multiplexed optical fiber, G.703, and RS422. The
speed is 64 Kbaud in a transparent synchronous mode with automatic synchronous character detection and CRC insertion.
The Local Loopback Channel Test verifies the L90 communication modules are working properly. The Remote Loopback
Channel Test verifies the communication link between the relays meets requirements (BER less than 10–4). All tests are
verified by using the internal channel monitoring and the monitoring in the Channel Tests. All of the tests presented in this
section must be either OK or PASSED.
1. Verify that a type “W” module is placed in slot ‘W’ in both relays (e.g. W7J).
2. Interconnect the two relays using the proper media (e.g. single mode fiber cable) observing correct connection of
receiving (Rx) and transmitting (Tx) communications paths and turn power on to both relays.
3. Verify that the Order Code in both relays is correct.
4. Cycle power off/on in both relays.
5. Verify and record that both relays indicate In Service on the front display.
6. Make the following setting change in both relays: GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ GROUP 1 ÖØ CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL ELE-
MENTS Ö CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL Ö CURRENT DIFF FUNCTION: “Enabled”.
7. Verify and record that both relays have established communications with the following status checks:
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ CHANNEL 1 STATUS: “OK”
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ CHANNEL 2 STATUS: “OK” (If used)
8. Make the following setting change in both relays: TESTING Ö TEST MODE: “Enabled”.
9. Make the following setting change in both relays:
TESTING ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ LOCAL LOOPBACK TEST ÖØ LOCAL LOOPBACK CHANNEL NUMBER: "1"
10. Initiate the Local Loopback Channel Tests by making the following setting change:
TESTING ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ LOCAL LOOPBACK TEST ÖØ LOCAL LOOPBACK FUNCTION: "Yes"
Expected result: In a few seconds “Yes” should change to “Local Loopback Test PASSED” and then to “No”, signify-
ing the test was successfully completed and the communication modules operated properly.
11. If Channel 2 is used, make the following setting change and repeat Step 10 for Channel 2 as performed for channel 1:
TESTING ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ LOCAL LOOPBACK TEST ÖØ LOCAL LOOPBACK CHANNEL NUMBER: "2"
12. Verify and record that the Local Loopback Test was performed properly with the following status check:
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ CHANNEL 1(2) LOCAL LOOPBACK STATUS: "OK"
13. Make the following setting change in one of the relays:
TESTING ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ REMOTE LOOPBACK TEST ÖØ REMOTE LOOPBACK CHANNEL NUMBER: "1"
14. Initiate the Remote Loopback Channel Tests by making the following setting change:
TESTING ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ REMOTE LOOPBACK Ö REMOTE LOOPBACK FUNCTION: "Yes"
Expected result: The “Running Remote Loopback Test” message appears; within 60 to 100 sec. the “Remote Loop-
back Test PASSED” message appears for a few seconds and then changes to “No”, signifying the
test successfully completed and communications with the relay were successfully established. The
“Remote Loopback Test FAILED” message indicates that either the communication link quality does
not meet requirements (BER less than 10–4) or the channel is not established – check the communi-
cations link connections.
15. If Channel 2 is used, make the following setting change and repeat Step 14 for Channel 2 as performed for Channel 1:
TESTING ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ REMOTE LOOPBACK TEST ÖØ REMOTE LOOPBACK CHANNEL NUMBER: "2"
16. Verify and record the Remote Loopback Test was performed properly with the following status check:
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ CHANNEL 1(2) REMOTE LOOPBACK STATUS: "OK"

11.1 TESTING 11 COMMISSIONING
17. Verify and record that Remote Loopback Test fails during communications failures as follows: start test as per Steps 13
to 14 and in 2 to 5 seconds disconnect the fiber Rx cable on the corresponding channel.
11 Expected result: The "Running Remote Loopback Test" message appears. When the channel is momentarily cut off,
the "Remote Loopback Test FAILED" message is displayed. The status check should read as fol-
lows: ACTUAL VALUES Ø STATUS Ø CHANNEL TESTS Ö CHANNEL 1(2) LOCAL LOOPBACK STATUS: "Fail"
18. Re-connect the fiber Rx cable. Repeat Steps 13 to 14 and verify that Remote Loopback Test performs properly again.
19. Verify and record that Remote Loopback Test fails if communications are not connected properly by disconnecting the
fiber Rx cable and repeating Steps 13 to 14.
Expected result: The ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ CHANNEL 1(2) REMOTE LOOPBACK TEST:
"Fail" message should be constantly on the display.
20. Repeat Steps 13 to 14 and verify that Remote Loopback Test is correct.
21. Make the following setting change in both relays: TESTING Ö TEST MODE: "Disabled"
During channel tests, verify in the ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS Ö CHANNEL 1(2) LOST PACK-
ETS display that the values are very low – even 0. If values are comparatively high, settings of communica-
NOTE
tions equipment (if applicable) should be checked.
11.1.2 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TESTS
The 87L clock synchronization is based upon a peer-to-peer architecture in which all relays are Masters. The relays are
synchronized in a distributed fashion. The clocks are phase synchronized to each other and frequency synchronized to the
power system frequency. The performance requirement for the clock synchronization is a maximum error of ±130 μs.
All tests are verified by using PFLL status displays. All PFLL status displays must be either OK or Fail.
1. Ensure that Steps 1 through 7 inclusive of the previous section are completed.
2. Verify and record that both relays have established communications with the following checks after 60 to 120 seconds:
ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ CHANNEL 1(2) STATUS: “OK”
ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ REMOTE LOOPBACK STATUS: “n/a”
ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ PFLL STATUS: “OK”
3. Disconnect the fiber Channel 1(2) Tx cable for less than 66 ms (not possible with direct fiber module).
Expected result: ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ CHANNEL 1(2) STATUS: “OK”
If fault conditions are applied to the relay during these tests, it trips with a specified 87L operation time.
4. Disconnect the fiber Channel 1(2) Tx cable for more than 66 ms but less than 5 seconds.
If fault conditions are applied to the relay (after the channel is brought back) during these tests, it trips with a specified
87L operation time plus 50 to 80 ms required for establishing PFLL after such interruption.
5. Disconnect the fiber Channel 1(2) Tx cable for more than 5 seconds.
ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS ÖØ PFLL STATUS: “Fail”
6. Reconnect the fiber Channel 1(2) Tx cable and in 6 to 8 seconds confirm that the relays have re-established communi-
cations again with the following status checks:
ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS Ö CHANNEL 1(2) STATUS: “OK”

11 COMMISSIONING 11.1 TESTING
7. Apply a current of 0.5 pu at a frequency 1 to 3% higher or lower than nominal only to local relay phase A to verify that
frequency tracking will not affect PFLL when only one relay has a current input and both relays track frequency. Wait
200 seconds and verify the following: 11
ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS Ö PFLL STATUS: “OK”
ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING ÖØ TRACKING FREQUENCY Ö TRACKING FREQUENCY: actual frequency at both relays
For 3-terminal configuration, the above-indicated tests should be carried out accordingly.
NOTE
11.1.3 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL
The 87L element has adaptive restraint and dual slope characteristics. The pickup slope settings and the breakpoint set-
tings determine the element characteristics. The relay displays both local and remote current magnitudes and angles and
the differential current which helps with start-up activities. When a differential condition is detected, the output operands
from the element will be asserted along with energization of faceplate event indicators.
1. Ensure that relay will not issue any undesired signals to other equipment.
2. Ensure that relays are connected to the proper communication media, communications tests have been performed
and the CHANNEL and PFLL STATUS displays indicate OK.
3. Minimum pickup test with local current only:
• Ensure that all 87L setting are properly entered into the relay and connect a test set to the relay to inject current
into Phase A.
• Slowly increase the current until the relay operates and note the pickup value. The theoretical value of operating
current below the breakpoint is given by the following formula, where P is the pickup setting and S1 is the Slope 1
setting (in decimal format):
2
P
I op = 2 × ------------------2- (EQ 11.1)
1 – 2S 1
• Repeat the above test for different slope and pickup settings, if desired.
• Repeat the above tests for Phases B and C.
4. Minimum pickup test with local current and simulated remote current (pure internal fault simulation):
• Disconnect the local relay from the communications channel.
• Loop back the transmit signal to the receive input on the back of the relay.
• Wait until the CHANNEL and PFLL status displays indicate OK.
• Slowly increase the current until the relay operates and note the pickup value. The theoretical value of operating
current below breakpoint is given by the following formula:
2
2P
I op = -------------------------------------------------------------------------
- (EQ 11.2)
2 2 2
( 1 + TAP ) – 2S 1 ( 1 + TAP )
where TAP represents the CT Tap setting for the corresponding channel.
• Repeat the above test for different slope and pickup settings, if desired.
• During the tests, observe the current phasor at ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö 87L DIFF CURRENT Ö LOCAL IA.
This phasor should also be seen at ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö 87L DIFF CURRENT ÖØ TERMINAL 1(2) IA along
with a phasor of twice the magnitude at ACTUAL VALUES ÖØ METERING Ö 87L DIFF CURRENT ÖØ IA DIFF.
• Repeat the above tests for Phases B and C.
• Restore the communication circuits to normal.
Download the UR Test software from the GE Multilin website (http://www.GEindustrial.com/multilin) or contact GE
Multilin for information about the UR current differential test program which allows the user to simulate different
NOTE
operating conditions for verifying correct responses of the relays during commissioning activities.

11.1 TESTING 11 COMMISSIONING
11.1.4 LOCAL-REMOTE RELAY TESTS
11 a) DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP (DTT) TESTS

The direct transfer trip is a function by which one relay sends a signal to a remote relay to cause a trip of remote equipment.
The local relay trip outputs will close upon receiving a direct transfer trip from the remote relay. The test procedure is as fol-
lows:
1. Ensure that relay will not issue any undesired signals to other equipment and all previous tests have been completed
successfully.
2. Cycle power off/on in both relays.
3. Verify and record that both relays indicate In Service on the faceplate display.
4. Make the following setting change in the SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS Ö CUR-
RENT DIFFERENTIAL menu of both relays:
CURRENT DIFF FUNCTION: “Enabled”
5. Verify and record that both relays have established communications by performing the following status check thorough
the ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CHANNEL TESTS menu:
CHANNEL 1(2) STATUS: “OK”
6. At the remote relay, make the following changes in the SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELE-
MENTS ÖØ CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL menu:
CURRENT DIFF DTT: “Enabled”
7. At the Local relay, make the following changes in the SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUT N1 menu:
CONTACT OUTPUT N1 OPERATE: “87L DIFF RECVD DTT A”
CONTACT OUTPUT N2 OPERATE: “87L DIFF RECVD DTT B”
CONTACT OUTPUT N3 OPERATE: “87L DIFF RECVD DTT C”
8. At the Local relay, verify that ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS ÖØ Cont Op N1 is in the “Off” state.
9. Apply current to phase A of the remote relay and increase until 87L operates.
10. At the Local relay, observe ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS ÖØ Cont Op N1 is now in the “On” state.
11. Repeat steps 8 through 10 for phases A and B and observe Contact Outputs N2 and N3, respectively.
12. Repeat steps 8 through 11 with the Remote and Local relays inter-changed.
13. Make the following setting change in the SETTINGS ÖØ GROUPED ELEMENTS ÖØ LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS Ö CUR-
RENT DIFFERENTIAL menu of both relays:
CURRENT DIFF FUNCTION: “Disabled”
14. At the Remote relay, set SETTINGS ÖØ INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUT N1 ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUT N1 OPERATE to
the CURRENT DIFF KEY DTT operand.
15. At the Local relay, observe under the ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS menu that CONTACT OUTPUT
N1, N2 and N3 are “Off”.
16. At the Remote relay, set SETTINGS ÖØ TESTING ÖØ FORCE CONTACT INPUTS Ö FORCE Cont Ip N1 to “Closed”.
17. At the Local relay, observe under ACTUAL VALUES Ö STATUS ÖØ CONTACT OUTPUTS that CONTACT OUTPUT N1, N2 and
N3 are now “On”.
18. At both the Local and Remote relays, return all settings to normal.
b) FINAL TESTS
As proper operation of the relay is fundamentally dependent on the correct installation and wiring of the CTs, it must be con-
firmed that correct data is brought into the relays by an on-load test in which simultaneous measurements of current and
voltage phasors are made at all line terminals. These phasors and differential currents can be monitored at the ACTUAL VAL-
UES ÖØ METERING Ö 87L DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT menu where all current magnitudes and angles can be observed and con-
clusions of proper relay interconnections can be made.

APPENDIX A A.1 PARAMETER LISTS
AppendicesAPPENDIX A FlexAnalog and FlexInteger ParametersA.1Parameter Lists A.1.1 FLEXANALOG ITEMS
A
Table A–1: FLEXANALOG DATA ITEMS (Sheet 1 of 11)
ADDRESS FLEXANALOG NAME UNITS DESCRIPTION
5688 Channel 1 Asymmetry --- Channel 1 asymmetry
5690 Channel 2 Asymmetry --- Channel 2 asymmetry
6144 SRC 1 Ia RMS Amps Source 1 phase A current RMS
6146 SRC 1 Ib RMS Amps Source 1 phase B current RMS
6148 SRC 1 Ic RMS Amps Source 1 phase C current RMS
6150 SRC 1 In RMS Amps Source 1 neutral current RMS
6152 SRC 1 Ia Mag Amps Source 1 phase A current magnitude
6154 SRC 1 Ia Angle Degrees Source 1 phase A current angle
6155 SRC 1 Ib Mag Amps Source 1 phase B current magnitude
6157 SRC 1 Ib Angle Degrees Source 1 phase B current angle
6158 SRC 1 Ic Mag Amps Source 1 phase C current magnitude
6160 SRC 1 Ic Angle Degrees Source 1 phase C current angle
6161 SRC 1 In Mag Amps Source 1 neutral current magnitude
6163 SRC 1 In Angle Degrees Source 1 neutral current angle
6164 SRC 1 Ig RMS Amps Source 1 ground current RMS
6166 SRC 1 Ig Mag Degrees Source 1 ground current magnitude
6168 SRC 1 Ig Angle Amps Source 1 ground current angle
6169 SRC 1 I_0 Mag Degrees Source 1 zero-sequence current magnitude
6171 SRC 1 I_0 Angle Amps Source 1 zero-sequence current angle
6172 SRC 1 I_1 Mag Degrees Source 1 positive-sequence current magnitude
6174 SRC 1 I_1 Angle Amps Source 1 positive-sequence current angle
6175 SRC 1 I_2 Mag Degrees Source 1 negative-sequence current magnitude
6177 SRC 1 I_2 Angle Amps Source 1 negative-sequence current angle
6178 SRC 1 Igd Mag Degrees Source 1 differential ground current magnitude
6180 SRC 1 Igd Angle Amps Source 1 differential ground current angle
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System A-1

A.1 PARAMETER LISTS APPENDIX A
A ADDRESS
6241
FLEXANALOG NAME
SRC 2 I_2 Angle
UNITS
Amps
DESCRIPTION
Source 2 negative-sequence current angle
A-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin


ADDRESS FLEXANALOG NAME UNITS DESCRIPTION A
6656 SRC 1 Vag RMS Volts Source 1 phase AG voltage RMS
6658 SRC 1 Vbg RMS Volts Source 1 phase BG voltage RMS
6660 SRC 1 Vcg RMS Volts Source 1 phase CG voltage RMS
6662 SRC 1 Vag Mag Volts Source 1 phase AG voltage magnitude
6664 SRC 1 Vag Angle Degrees Source 1 phase AG voltage angle
6665 SRC 1 Vbg Mag Volts Source 1 phase BG voltage magnitude
6667 SRC 1 Vbg Angle Degrees Source 1 phase BG voltage angle
6668 SRC 1 Vcg Mag Volts Source 1 phase CG voltage magnitude
6670 SRC 1 Vcg Angle Degrees Source 1 phase CG voltage angle
6671 SRC 1 Vab RMS Volts Source 1 phase AB voltage RMS
6673 SRC 1 Vbc RMS Volts Source 1 phase BC voltage RMS
6675 SRC 1 Vca RMS Volts Source 1 phase CA voltage RMS
6677 SRC 1 Vab Mag Volts Source 1 phase AB voltage magnitude
6679 SRC 1 Vab Angle Degrees Source 1 phase AB voltage angle
6680 SRC 1 Vbc Mag Volts Source 1 phase BC voltage magnitude
6682 SRC 1 Vbc Angle Degrees Source 1 phase BC voltage angle
6683 SRC 1 Vca Mag Volts Source 1 phase CA voltage magnitude
6685 SRC 1 Vca Angle Degrees Source 1 phase CA voltage angle
6686 SRC 1 Vx RMS Volts Source 1 auxiliary voltage RMS
6688 SRC 1 Vx Mag Volts Source 1 auxiliary voltage magnitude
6690 SRC 1 Vx Angle Degrees Source 1 auxiliary voltage angle
6691 SRC 1 V_0 Mag Volts Source 1 zero-sequence voltage magnitude
6693 SRC 1 V_0 Angle Degrees Source 1 zero-sequence voltage angle
6694 SRC 1 V_1 Mag Volts Source 1 positive-sequence voltage magnitude
6696 SRC 1 V_1 Angle Degrees Source 1 positive-sequence voltage angle
6697 SRC 1 V_2 Mag Volts Source 1 negative-sequence voltage magnitude
6699 SRC 1 V_2 Angle Degrees Source 1 negative-sequence voltage angle

A ADDRESS
6750
FLEXANALOG NAME
SRC 2 Vx RMS
UNITS
Volts
DESCRIPTION
Source 2 auxiliary voltage RMS


7168 SRC 1 P Watts Source 1 three-phase real power
7170 SRC 1 Pa Watts Source 1 phase A real power
7172 SRC 1 Pb Watts Source 1 phase B real power
7174 SRC 1 Pc Watts Source 1 phase C real power
7176 SRC 1 Q Vars Source 1 three-phase reactive power
7178 SRC 1 Qa Vars Source 1 phase A reactive power
7180 SRC 1 Qb Vars Source 1 phase B reactive power
7182 SRC 1 Qc Vars Source 1 phase C reactive power
7184 SRC 1 S VA Source 1 three-phase apparent power
7186 SRC 1 Sa VA Source 1 phase A apparent power
7188 SRC 1 Sb VA Source 1 phase B apparent power
7190 SRC 1 Sc VA Source 1 phase C apparent power
7192 SRC 1 PF --- Source 1 three-phase power factor
7193 SRC 1 Phase A PF --- Source 1 phase A power factor
7194 SRC 1 Phase B PF --- Source 1 phase B power factor
7195 SRC 1 Phase C PF --- Source 1 phase C power factor

A ADDRESS
7227
FLEXANALOG NAME
SRC 2 Phase C PF
UNITS
---
DESCRIPTION
Source 2 phase C power factor
7552 SRC 1 Frequency Hz Source 1 frequency
7680 SRC 1 Demand Ia Amps Source 1 phase A current demand
7682 SRC 1 Demand Ib Amps Source 1 phase B current demand
7684 SRC 1 Demand Ic Amps Source 1 phase C current demand
7686 SRC 1 Demand Watt Watts Source 1 real power demand
7688 SRC 1 Demand var Vars Source 1 reactive power demand
7690 SRC 1 Demand Va VA Source 1 apparent power demand


9024 Prefault Ia Mag [0] Amps Fault 1 pre-fault phase A current magnitude
9026 Prefault Ia Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 pre-fault phase A current angle
9027 Prefault Ib Mag [0] Amps Fault 1 pre-fault phase B current magnitude
9029 Prefault Ib Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 pre-fault phase B current angle
9030 Prefault Ic Mag [0] Amps Fault 1 pre-fault phase C current magnitude
9032 Prefault Ic Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 pre-fault phase C current angle
9033 Prefault Va Mag [0] Volts Fault 1 pre-fault phase A voltage magnitude
9035 Prefault Va Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 pre-fault phase A voltage angle
9036 Prefault Vb Mag [0] Volts Fault 1 pre-fault phase B voltage magnitude
9038 Prefault Vb Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 pre-fault phase B voltage angle
9039 Prefault Vc Mag [0] Volts Fault 1 pre-fault phase C voltage magnitude
9041 Prefault Vc Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 pre-fault phase C voltage angle
9042 Postfault Ia Mag [0] Amps Fault 1 post-fault phase A current magnitude
9044 Postfault Ia Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 post-fault phase A current angle
9045 Postfault Ib Mag [0] Amps Fault 1 post-fault phase B current magnitude
9047 Postfault Ib Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 post-fault phase B current angle
9048 Postfault Ic Mag [0] Amps Fault 1 post-fault phase C current magnitude
9050 Postfault Ic Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 post-fault phase C current angle
9051 Postfault Va Mag [0] Volts Fault 1 post-fault phase A voltage magnitude
9053 Postfault Va Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 post-fault phase A voltage angle
9054 Postfault Vb Mag [0] Volts Fault 1 post-fault phase B voltage magnitude
9056 Postfault Vb Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 post-fault phase B voltage angle
9057 Postfault Vc Mag [0] Volts Fault 1 post-fault phase C voltage magnitude
9059 Postfault Vc Ang [0] Degrees Fault 1 post-fault phase C voltage angle
9060 Fault Type [0] --- Fault 1 type
9061 Fault Location [0] --- Fault 1 location
9216 Synchchk 1 Delta V Volts Synchrocheck 1 delta voltage
9218 Synchchk 1 Delta F Hz Synchrocheck 1 delta frequency
9219 Synchchk 1 Delta Phs Degrees Synchrocheck 1 delta phase
9220 Synchchk 2 Delta V Volts Synchrocheck 2 delta voltage
9222 Synchchk 2 Delta F Hz Synchrocheck 2 delta frequency
9223 Synchchk 2 Delta Phs Degrees Synchrocheck 2 delta phase
9344 Local IA Mag Amps Local terminal phase A current magnitude

A ADDRESS
9346
FLEXANALOG NAME
Local IB Mag
UNITS
Amps
DESCRIPTION
Local terminal phase B current magnitude
9348 Local IC Mag Amps Local terminal phase C current magnitude
9350 Terminal 1 IA Mag Amps Remote terminal 1 phase A current magnitude
9352 Terminal 1 IB Mag Amps Remote terminal 1 phase B current magnitude
9354 Terminal 1 IC Mag Amps Remote terminal 1 phase C current magnitude
9356 Terminal 2 IA Mag Amps Remote terminal 2 phase A current magnitude
9358 Terminal 2 IB Mag Amps Remote terminal 2 phase B current magnitude
9360 Terminal 2 IC Mag Amps Remote terminal 2 phase C current magnitude
9362 Diff Curr IA Mag Amps Differential current phase A magnitude
9364 Diff Curr IB Mag Amps Differential current phase B magnitude
9366 Diff Curr IC Mag Amps Differential current phase C magnitude
9368 Local IA Angle Degrees Local terminal current phase A angle
9369 Local IB Angle Degrees Local terminal current phase B angle
9370 Local IC Angle Degrees Local terminal current phase C angle
9371 Terminal 1 IA Angle Degrees Remote terminal 1 current phase A angle
9372 Terminal 1 IB Angle Degrees Remote terminal 1 current phase B angle
9373 Terminal 1 IC Angle Degrees Remote terminal 1 current phase C angle
9374 Terminal 2 IA Angle Degrees Remote terminal 2 current phase A angle
9375 Terminal 2 IB Angle Degrees Remote terminal 2 current phase B angle
9376 Terminal 2 IC Angle Degrees Remote terminal 2 current phase C angle
9377 Diff Curr IA Angle Degrees Differential current phase A angle
9378 Diff Curr IB Angle Degrees Differential current phase B angle
9379 Diff Curr IC Angle Degrees Differential current phase C angle
9380 Op Square Curr IA Amps Phase A operating square current
9382 Op Square Curr IB Amps Phase B operating square current
9384 Op Square Curr IC Amps Phase C operating square current
9386 Rest Square Curr IA Amps Phase A restraint square current
9388 Rest Square Curr IB Amps Phase B restraint square current
9390 Rest Square Curr IC Amps Phase C restraint square current
9536 PMU 1 Va Mag Volts Phasor measurement unit 1 phase A voltage magnitude
9538 PMU 1 Va Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 phase A voltage angle
9539 PMU 1 Vb Mag Volts Phasor measurement unit 1 phase B voltage magnitude
9541 PMU 1 Vb Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 phase B voltage angle
9542 PMU 1 Vc Mag Volts Phasor measurement unit 1 phase C voltage magnitude
9544 PMU 1 Vc Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 phase C voltage angle
9545 PMU 1 Vx Mag Volts Phasor measurement unit 1 auxiliary voltage magnitude
9547 PMU 1 Vx Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 auxiliary voltage angle
9548 PMU 1 V1 Mag Volts Phasor measurement unit 1 positive-sequence voltage magnitude
9550 PMU 1 V1 Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 positive-sequence voltage angle
9551 PMU 1 V2 Mag Volts Phasor measurement unit 1 negative-sequence voltage magnitude
9553 PMU 1 V2 Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 negative-sequence voltage angle
9554 PMU 1 V0 Mag Volts Phasor measurement unit 1 zero-sequence voltage magnitude
9556 PMU 1 V0 Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 zero-sequence voltage angle
9557 PMU 1 Ia Mag Amps Phasor measurement unit 1 phase A current magnitude
9559 PMU 1 Ia Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 phase A current angle
9560 PMU 1 Ib Mag Amps Phasor measurement unit 1 phase B current magnitude
9562 PMU 1 Ib Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 phase B current angle


9563 PMU 1 Ic Mag Amps Phasor measurement unit 1 phase C current magnitude
9565 PMU 1 Ic Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 phase C current angle
9566 PMU 1 Ig Mag Amps Phasor measurement unit 1 ground current magnitude
9568 PMU 1 Ig Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 ground current angle
9569 PMU 1 I1 Mag Amps Phasor measurement unit 1 positive-sequence current magnitude
9571 PMU 1 I1 Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 positive-sequence current angle
9572 PMU 1 I2 Mag Amps Phasor measurement unit 1 negative-sequence current magnitude
9574 PMU 1 I2 Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 negative-sequence current angle
9575 PMU 1 I0 Mag Amps Phasor measurement unit 1 zero-sequence current magnitude
9577 PMU 1 I0 Angle Degrees Phasor measurement unit 1 zero-sequence current angle
9578 PMU 1 Freq Hz Phasor measurement unit 1 frequency
9580 PMU 1 df dt Hz/s Phasor measurement unit 1 rate of change of frequency
9581 PMU 1 Conf Ch --- Phasor measurement unit 1 configuration change counter
13504 DCMA Inputs 1 Value mA dcmA input 1 actual value
13552 RTD Inputs 1 Value --- RTD input 1 actual value

A ADDRESS
13562
FLEXANALOG NAME
RTD Inputs 11 Value
UNITS
---
DESCRIPTION
RTD input 11 actual value
24459 Active Setting Group --- Current setting group
32768 Tracking Frequency Hz Tracking frequency
39425 FlexElement 1 Value --- FlexElement™ 1 actual value


45584 GOOSE Analog In 1 --- IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 1
61449 PMU Num Triggers --- Phasor measurement unit recording number of triggers
A.1.2 FLEXINTEGER ITEMS
Table A–2: FLEXINTEGER DATA ITEMS

ADDRESS FLEXINTEGER NAME UNITS DESCRIPTION
9736 PMU 1 SOC seconds PMU 1 SOC timestamps
9738 PMU 1 FRACSEC seconds PMU 1 FRACSEC timestamps
9740 PMU 1 STAT --- PMU 1 STAT flags
9968 GOOSE UInt Input 1 --- IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger input 1


APPENDIX B B.1 MODBUS RTU PROTOCOL
APPENDIX B MODBUS COMMUNICATIONSB.1MODBUS RTU PROTOCOL B.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The UR-series relays support a number of communications protocols to allow connection to equipment such as personal
computers, RTUs, SCADA masters, and programmable logic controllers. The Modicon Modbus RTU protocol is the most
basic protocol supported by the UR. Modbus is available via RS232 or RS485 serial links or via ethernet (using the Mod-
bus/TCP specification). The following description is intended primarily for users who wish to develop their own master com-
munication drivers and applies to the serial Modbus RTU protocol. Note that:
• The UR always acts as a slave device, meaning that it never initiates communications; it only listens and responds to B
requests issued by a master computer.
• For Modbus®, a subset of the Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) protocol format is supported that allows extensive monitor-
ing, programming, and control functions using read and write register commands.
B.1.2 PHYSICAL LAYER
The Modbus® RTU protocol is hardware-independent so that the physical layer can be any of a variety of standard hard-
ware configurations including RS232 and RS485. The relay includes a faceplate (front panel) RS232 port and two rear ter-
minal communications ports that may be configured as RS485, fiber optic, 10Base-T, or 10Base-F. Data flow is half-duplex
in all configurations. See chapter 3 for details on communications wiring.
Each data byte is transmitted in an asynchronous format consisting of 1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and possibly 1 parity
bit. This produces a 10 or 11 bit data frame. This can be important for transmission through modems at high bit rates (11 bit
data frames are not supported by many modems at baud rates greater than 300).
The baud rate and parity are independently programmable for each communications port. Baud rates of 300, 1200, 2400,
4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800, 33600, 38400, 57600, or 115200 bps are available. Even, odd, and no parity are avail-
able. Refer to the Communications section of chapter 5 for further details.
The master device in any system must know the address of the slave device with which it is to communicate. The relay will
not act on a request from a master if the address in the request does not match the relay’s slave address (unless the
address is the broadcast address – see below).
A single setting selects the slave address used for all ports, with the exception that for the faceplate port, the relay will
accept any address when the Modbus® RTU protocol is used.
B.1.3 DATA LINK LAYER
Communications takes place in packets which are groups of asynchronously framed byte data. The master transmits a
packet to the slave and the slave responds with a packet. The end of a packet is marked by dead-time on the communica-
tions line. The following describes general format for both transmit and receive packets. For exact details on packet format-
ting, refer to subsequent sections describing each function code.
Table B–1: MODBUS PACKET FORMAT

DESCRIPTION SIZE
SLAVE ADDRESS 1 byte
FUNCTION CODE 1 byte
DATA N bytes
CRC 2 bytes
DEAD TIME 3.5 bytes transmission time
• SLAVE ADDRESS: This is the address of the slave device that is intended to receive the packet sent by the master
and to perform the desired action. Each slave device on a communications bus must have a unique address to prevent
bus contention. All of the relay’s ports have the same address which is programmable from 1 to 254; see chapter 5 for
details. Only the addressed slave will respond to a packet that starts with its address. Note that the faceplate port is an
exception to this rule; it will act on a message containing any slave address.
A master transmit packet with slave address 0 indicates a broadcast command. All slaves on the communication link
take action based on the packet, but none respond to the master. Broadcast mode is only recognized when associated
with function code 05h. For any other function code, a packet with broadcast mode slave address 0 will be ignored.
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System B-1

B.1 MODBUS RTU PROTOCOL APPENDIX B
• FUNCTION CODE: This is one of the supported functions codes of the unit which tells the slave what action to per-
form. See the Supported Function Codes section for complete details. An exception response from the slave is indi-
cated by setting the high order bit of the function code in the response packet. See the Exception Responses section
for further details.
• DATA: This will be a variable number of bytes depending on the function code. This may include actual values, set-
tings, or addresses sent by the master to the slave or by the slave to the master.
• CRC: This is a two byte error checking code. The RTU version of Modbus® includes a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check
B (CRC-16) with every packet which is an industry standard method used for error detection. If a Modbus slave device
receives a packet in which an error is indicated by the CRC, the slave device will not act upon or respond to the packet
thus preventing any erroneous operations. See the CRC-16 Algorithm section for details on calculating the CRC.
• DEAD TIME: A packet is terminated when no data is received for a period of 3.5 byte transmission times (about 15 ms
at 2400 bps, 2 ms at 19200 bps, and 300 µs at 115200 bps). Consequently, the transmitting device must not allow gaps
between bytes longer than this interval. Once the dead time has expired without a new byte transmission, all slaves
start listening for a new packet from the master except for the addressed slave.
B.1.4 CRC-16 ALGORITHM
The CRC-16 algorithm essentially treats the entire data stream (data bits only; start, stop and parity ignored) as one contin-
uous binary number. This number is first shifted left 16 bits and then divided by a characteristic polynomial
(11000000000000101B). The 16-bit remainder of the division is appended to the end of the packet, MSByte first. The
resulting packet including CRC, when divided by the same polynomial at the receiver will give a zero remainder if no trans-
mission errors have occurred. This algorithm requires the characteristic polynomial to be reverse bit ordered. The most sig-
nificant bit of the characteristic polynomial is dropped, since it does not affect the value of the remainder.
A C programming language implementation of the CRC algorithm will be provided upon request.
Table B–2: CRC-16 ALGORITHM

SYMBOLS: --> data transfer
A 16 bit working register
Alow low order byte of A
Ahigh high order byte of A
CRC 16 bit CRC-16 result
i,j loop counters
(+) logical EXCLUSIVE-OR operator
N total number of data bytes
Di i-th data byte (i = 0 to N-1)
G 16 bit characteristic polynomial = 1010000000000001 (binary) with MSbit dropped and bit order reversed
shr (x) right shift operator (th LSbit of x is shifted into a carry flag, a '0' is shifted into the MSbit of x, all other bits
are shifted right one location)
ALGORITHM: 1. FFFF (hex) --> A

2. 0 --> i
3. 0 --> j
4. Di (+) Alow --> Alow
5. j + 1 --> j
6. shr (A)
7. Is there a carry? No: go to 8; Yes: G (+) A --> A and continue.
8. Is j = 8? No: go to 5; Yes: continue
9. i + 1 --> i
10. Is i = N? No: go to 3; Yes: continue
11. A --> CRC
B-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

APPENDIX B B.2 MODBUS FUNCTION CODES
B.2MODBUS FUNCTION CODES B.2.1 SUPPORTED FUNCTION CODES
Modbus® officially defines function codes from 1 to 127 though only a small subset is generally needed. The relay supports
some of these functions, as summarized in the following table. Subsequent sections describe each function code in detail.
FUNCTION CODE MODBUS DEFINITION GE MULTILIN DEFINITION

HEX DEC
03 3 Read holding registers Read actual values or settings
B
04 4 Read holding registers Read actual values or settings
05 5 Force single coil Execute operation
06 6 Preset single register Store single setting
10 16 Preset multiple registers Store multiple settings
B.2.2 READ ACTUAL VALUES OR SETTINGS (FUNCTION CODE 03/04H)
This function code allows the master to read one or more consecutive data registers (actual values or settings) from a relay.
Data registers are always 16-bit (two-byte) values transmitted with high order byte first. The maximum number of registers
that can be read in a single packet is 125. See the Modbus memory map table for exact details on the data registers.
Since some PLC implementations of Modbus only support one of function codes 03h and 04h. The L90 interpretation
allows either function code to be used for reading one or more consecutive data registers. The data starting address will
determine the type of data being read. Function codes 03h and 04h are therefore identical.
The following table shows the format of the master and slave packets. The example shows a master device requesting
three register values starting at address 4050h from slave device 11h (17 decimal); the slave device responds with the val-
ues 40, 300, and 0 from registers 4050h, 4051h, and 4052h, respectively.
Table B–3: MASTER AND SLAVE DEVICE PACKET TRANSMISSION EXAMPLE

MASTER TRANSMISSION SLAVE RESPONSE
PACKET FORMAT EXAMPLE (HEX) PACKET FORMAT EXAMPLE (HEX)
SLAVE ADDRESS 11 SLAVE ADDRESS 11
FUNCTION CODE 04 FUNCTION CODE 04
DATA STARTING ADDRESS - high 40 BYTE COUNT 06
DATA STARTING ADDRESS - low 50 DATA #1 - high 00
NUMBER OF REGISTERS - high 00 DATA #1 - low 28
NUMBER OF REGISTERS - low 03 DATA #2 - high 01
CRC - low A7 DATA #2 - low 2C
CRC - high 4A DATA #3 - high 00
DATA #3 - low 00
CRC - low 0D
CRC - high 60

B.2 MODBUS FUNCTION CODES APPENDIX B
B.2.3 EXECUTE OPERATION (FUNCTION CODE 05H)
This function code allows the master to perform various operations in the relay. Available operations are shown in the Sum-
mary of operation codes table below.
The following table shows the format of the master and slave packets. The example shows a master device requesting the
slave device 11h (17 decimal) to perform a reset. The high and low code value bytes always have the values “FF” and “00”
respectively and are a remnant of the original Modbus definition of this function code.
B
OPERATION CODE - high 00 OPERATION CODE - high 00
OPERATION CODE - low 01 OPERATION CODE - low 01
CODE VALUE - high FF CODE VALUE - high FF
CODE VALUE - low 00 CODE VALUE - low 00
CRC - low DF CRC - low DF
CRC - high 6A CRC - high 6A
Table B–5: SUMMARY OF OPERATION CODES FOR FUNCTION 05H

OPERATION DEFINITION DESCRIPTION
CODE (HEX)
0000 NO OPERATION Does not do anything.
0001 RESET Performs the same function as the faceplate RESET key.
0005 CLEAR EVENT RECORDS Performs the same function as the faceplate CLEAR EVENT RECORDS menu
command.
0006 CLEAR OSCILLOGRAPHY Clears all oscillography records.
1000 to 103F VIRTUAL IN 1 to 64 ON/OFF Sets the states of Virtual Inputs 1 to 64 either “ON” or “OFF”.
B.2.4 STORE SINGLE SETTING (FUNCTION CODE 06H)
This function code allows the master to modify the contents of a single setting register in an relay. Setting registers are
always 16 bit (two byte) values transmitted high order byte first. The following table shows the format of the master and
slave packets. The example shows a master device storing the value 200 at memory map address 4051h to slave device
11h (17 dec).

DATA STARTING ADDRESS - high 40 DATA STARTING ADDRESS - high 40
DATA STARTING ADDRESS - low 51 DATA STARTING ADDRESS - low 51
DATA - high 00 DATA - high 00
DATA - low C8 DATA - low C8
CRC - low CE CRC - low CE
CRC - high DD CRC - high DD

APPENDIX B B.2 MODBUS FUNCTION CODES
B.2.5 STORE MULTIPLE SETTINGS (FUNCTION CODE 10H)
This function code allows the master to modify the contents of a one or more consecutive setting registers in a relay. Setting
registers are 16-bit (two byte) values transmitted high order byte first. The maximum number of setting registers that can be
stored in a single packet is 60. The following table shows the format of the master and slave packets. The example shows
a master device storing the value 200 at memory map address 4051h, and the value 1 at memory map address 4052h to
slave device 11h (17 decimal).
B
PACKET FORMAT EXAMPLE (HEX) PACKET FORMAT EXMAPLE (HEX)
DATA STARTING ADDRESS - hi 40 DATA STARTING ADDRESS - hi 40
DATA STARTING ADDRESS - lo 51 DATA STARTING ADDRESS - lo 51
NUMBER OF SETTINGS - hi 00 NUMBER OF SETTINGS - hi 00
NUMBER OF SETTINGS - lo 02 NUMBER OF SETTINGS - lo 02
BYTE COUNT 04 CRC - lo 07
DATA #1 - high order byte 00 CRC - hi 64
DATA #1 - low order byte C8
DATA #2 - high order byte 00
DATA #2 - low order byte 01
CRC - low order byte 12
CRC - high order byte 62
B.2.6 EXCEPTION RESPONSES
Programming or operation errors usually happen because of illegal data in a packet. These errors result in an exception
response from the slave. The slave detecting one of these errors sends a response packet to the master with the high order
bit of the function code set to 1.
The following table shows the format of the master and slave packets. The example shows a master device sending the
unsupported function code 39h to slave device 11.

FUNCTION CODE 39 FUNCTION CODE B9
CRC - low order byte CD ERROR CODE 01
CRC - high order byte F2 CRC - low order byte 93
CRC - high order byte 95

B.3 FILE TRANSFERS APPENDIX B
B.3FILE TRANSFERS B.3.1 OBTAINING RELAY FILES VIA MODBUS
a) DESCRIPTION
The UR relay has a generic file transfer facility, meaning that you use the same method to obtain all of the different types of
files from the unit. The Modbus registers that implement file transfer are found in the "Modbus File Transfer (Read/Write)"
and "Modbus File Transfer (Read Only)" modules, starting at address 3100 in the Modbus Memory Map. To read a file from
the UR relay, use the following steps:
B 1. Write the filename to the "Name of file to read" register using a write multiple registers command. If the name is shorter
than 80 characters, you may write only enough registers to include all the text of the filename. Filenames are not case
sensitive.
2. Repeatedly read all the registers in "Modbus File Transfer (Read Only)" using a read multiple registers command. It is
not necessary to read the entire data block, since the UR relay will remember which was the last register you read. The
"position" register is initially zero and thereafter indicates how many bytes (2 times the number of registers) you have
read so far. The "size of..." register indicates the number of bytes of data remaining to read, to a maximum of 244.
3. Keep reading until the "size of..." register is smaller than the number of bytes you are transferring. This condition indi-
cates end of file. Discard any bytes you have read beyond the indicated block size.
4. If you need to re-try a block, read only the "size of.." and "block of data", without reading the position. The file pointer is
only incremented when you read the position register, so the same data block will be returned as was read in the pre-
vious operation. On the next read, check to see if the position is where you expect it to be, and discard the previous
block if it is not (this condition would indicate that the UR relay did not process your original read request).
The UR relay retains connection-specific file transfer information, so files may be read simultaneously on multiple Modbus
connections.
b) OTHER PROTOCOLS
All the files available via Modbus may also be retrieved using the standard file transfer mechanisms in other protocols (for
example, TFTP or MMS).
c) COMTRADE, OSCILLOGRAPHY, AND DATA LOGGER FILES

Oscillography and data logger files are formatted using the COMTRADE file format per IEEE PC37.111 Draft 7c (02 Sep-
tember 1997). The files may be obtained in either text or binary COMTRADE format.
d) READING OSCILLOGRAPHY FILES

Familiarity with the oscillography feature is required to understand the following description. Refer to the Oscillography sec-
tion in Chapter 5 for additional details.
The Oscillography Number of Triggers register is incremented by one every time a new oscillography file is triggered (cap-
tured) and cleared to zero when oscillography data is cleared. When a new trigger occurs, the associated oscillography file
is assigned a file identifier number equal to the incremented value of this register; the newest file number is equal to the
Oscillography_Number_of_Triggers register. This register can be used to determine if any new data has been captured by
periodically reading it to see if the value has changed; if the number has increased then new data is available.
The Oscillography Number of Records register specifies the maximum number of files (and the number of cycles of data
per file) that can be stored in memory of the relay. The Oscillography Available Records register specifies the actual num-
ber of files that are stored and still available to be read out of the relay.
Writing “Yes” (i.e. the value 1) to the Oscillography Clear Data register clears oscillography data files, clears both the Oscil-
lography Number of Triggers and Oscillography Available Records registers to zero, and sets the Oscillography Last
Cleared Date to the present date and time.
To read binary COMTRADE oscillography files, read the following filenames:
OSCnnnn.CFG and OSCnnn.DAT
Replace “nnn” with the desired oscillography trigger number. For ASCII format, use the following file names
OSCAnnnn.CFG and OSCAnnn.DAT

APPENDIX B B.3 FILE TRANSFERS
e) READING DATA LOGGER FILES

Familiarity with the data logger feature is required to understand this description. Refer to the Data Logger section of Chap-
ter 5 for details. To read the entire data logger in binary COMTRADE format, read the following files.
datalog.cfg and datalog.dat
To read the entire data logger in ASCII COMTRADE format, read the following files.
dataloga.cfg and dataloga.dat
To limit the range of records to be returned in the COMTRADE files, append the following to the filename before writing it:
B
• To read from a specific time to the end of the log: <space> startTime
• To read a specific range of records: <space> startTime <space> endTime
• Replace <startTime> and <endTime> with Julian dates (seconds since Jan. 1 1970) as numeric text.
f) READING EVENT RECORDER FILES

To read the entire event recorder contents in ASCII format (the only available format), use the following filename:
EVT.TXT
To read from a specific record to the end of the log, use the following filename:
EVTnnn.TXT (replace nnn with the desired starting record number)
To read from a specific record to another specific record, use the following filename:
EVT.TXT xxxxx yyyyy (replace xxxxx with the starting record number and yyyyy with the ending record number)
g) READING FAULT REPORT FILES

Fault report data has been available via the L90 file retrieval mechanism since UR firmware version 2.00. The file name is
faultReport#####.htm. The ##### refers to the fault report record number. The fault report number is a counter that
indicates how many fault reports have ever occurred. The counter rolls over at a value of 65535. Only the last ten fault
reports are available for retrieval; a request for a non-existent fault report file will yield a null file. The current value fault
report counter is available in “Number of Fault Reports” Modbus register at location 0x3020.
For example, if 14 fault reports have occurred then the files faultReport5.htm, faultReport6.htm, up to
faultReport14.htm are available to be read. The expected use of this feature has an external master periodically poll-
ing the “Number of Fault Reports' register. If the value changes, then the master reads all the new files.
The contents of the file is in standard HTML notation and can be viewed via any commercial browser.
B.3.2 MODBUS PASSWORD OPERATION

and the faceplate RS232 connection. Remote access is defined as any access to settings or commands via any rear com-
munications port. This includes both Ethernet and RS485 connections. Any changes to the local or remote passwords
The command password is set up at memory location 4000. Storing a value of “0” removes command password protection.
When reading the password setting, the encrypted value (zero if no password is set) is returned. Command security is
required to change the command password. Similarly, the setting password is set up at memory location 4002. These are
the same settings and encrypted values found in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP Ö PASSWORD SECURITY menu via the
keypad. Enabling password security for the faceplate display will also enable it for Modbus, and vice-versa.
To gain command level security access, the command password must be entered at memory location 4008. To gain setting
level security access, the setting password must be entered at memory location 400A. The entered setting password must
match the current setting password setting, or must be zero, to change settings or download firmware.

B.3 FILE TRANSFERS APPENDIX B
Command and setting passwords each have a 30 minute timer. Each timer starts when you enter the particular password,
and is re-started whenever you use it. For example, writing a setting re-starts the setting password timer and writing a com-
mand register or forcing a coil re-starts the command password timer. The value read at memory location 4010 can be used
to confirm whether a command password is enabled or disabled (a value of 0 represents disabled). The value read at mem-
ory location 4011 can be used to confirm whether a setting password is enabled or disabled.
Command or setting password security access is restricted to the particular port or particular TCP/IP connection on which
the entry was made. Passwords must be entered when accessing the relay through other ports or connections, and the
B passwords must be re-entered after disconnecting and re-connecting on TCP/IP.

APPENDIX B B.4 MEMORY MAPPING
B.4MEMORY MAPPING B.4.1 MODBUS MEMORY MAP
Table B–9: MODBUS MEMORY MAP (Sheet 1 of 57)

ADDR REGISTER NAME RANGE UNITS STEP FORMAT DEFAULT
Product Information (Read Only)
0000 UR Product Type 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
0002 Product Version 0 to 655.35 --- 0.01 F001 1 B
Product Information (Read Only -- Written by Factory)
0010 Serial Number --- --- --- F203 “0”
0020 Manufacturing Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
0022 Modification Number 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
0040 Order Code --- --- --- F204 “Order Code x”
0090 Ethernet MAC Address --- --- --- F072 0
0093 Reserved (13 items) --- --- --- F001 0
00A0 CPU Module Serial Number --- --- --- F203 (none)
00B0 CPU Supplier Serial Number --- --- --- F203 (none)
00C0 Ethernet Sub Module Serial Number (8 items) --- --- --- F203 (none)
Self Test Targets (Read Only)
0200 Self Test States (2 items) 0 to 4294967295 0 1 F143 0
Front Panel (Read Only)
0204 LED Column n State, n = 1 to 10 (10 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F501 0
0220 Display Message --- --- --- F204 (none)
0248 Last Key Pressed 0 to 47 --- 1 F530 0 (None)
Keypress Emulation (Read/Write)
0280 Simulated keypress -- write zero before each keystroke 0 to 42 --- 1 F190 0 (No key -- use
between real keys)
Virtual Input Commands (Read/Write Command) (64 modules)
0400 Virtual Input 1 State 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
040A Virtual Input 11 State 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
040B Virtual Input 12 State 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
040C Virtual Input 13 State 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
040D Virtual Input 14 State 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
040E Virtual Input 15 State 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
040F Virtual Input 16 State 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)

B.4 MEMORY MAPPING APPENDIX B

B 0421
0422
Virtual Input 34 State
Virtual Input 35 State
0 to 1
0 to 1
---
---
1
1
F108
F108
0 (Off)
0 (Off)
Digital Counter States (Read Only Non-Volatile) (8 modules)
0800 Digital Counter 1 Value -2147483647 to --- 1 F004 0
2147483647
0802 Digital Counter 1 Frozen -2147483647 to --- 1 F004 0
2147483647
0804 Digital Counter 1 Frozen Time Stamp 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
0806 Digital Counter 1 Frozen Time Stamp us 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
0808 ...Repeated for Digital Counter 2
FlexStates (Read Only)
0900 FlexState Bits (16 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Element States (Read Only)
1000 Element Operate States (64 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F502 0


User Displays Actuals (Read Only)
1080 Formatted user-definable displays (16 items) --- --- --- F200 (none)
Modbus User Map Actuals (Read Only)
1200 User Map Values (256 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Element Targets (Read Only)
14C0 Target Sequence 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0 B
14C1 Number of Targets 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Element Targets (Read/Write)
14C2 Target to Read 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Element Targets (Read Only)
14C3 Target Message --- --- --- F200 “.”
Digital Input/Output States (Read Only)
1500 Contact Input States (6 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1508 Virtual Input States (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1510 Contact Output States (4 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1518 Contact Output Current States (4 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1520 Contact Output Voltage States (4 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1528 Virtual Output States (6 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1530 Contact Output Detectors (4 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
Remote Input/Output States (Read Only)
1540 Remote Device States 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1542 Remote Input States (4 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
1550 Remote Devices Online 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
1551 Remote Double-Point Status Input 1 State 0 to 3 --- 1 F605 3 (Bad)
Direct Input/Output States (Read Only)
15A0 Direct Input 1-1 State (8 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
15A8 Direct Input 1-2 State (8 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
15B0 Direct Input 1 State 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
15B1 Direct Input 2 State 0 to 65535 --- 1 F500 0
Ethernet Fibre Channel Status (Read/Write)
1610 Ethernet primary fibre channel status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 0 (Fail)
1611 Ethernet secondary fibre channel status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 0 (Fail)
Data Logger Actuals (Read Only)
1618 Data logger channel count 0 to 16 channel 1 F001 0
1619 Time of oldest available samples 0 to 4294967295 seconds 1 F050 0
161B Time of newest available samples 0 to 4294967295 seconds 1 F050 0
161D Data logger duration 0 to 999.9 days 0.1 F001 0
Channel Status (Read Only)
1620 Channel 1 Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 1 (OK)
1621 Channel 1 Number of Lost Packets 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
1622 Channel 1 Local Loopback Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 2 (n/a)
1623 Channel 1 Remote Loopback Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 2 (n/a)
1626 Channel 1 Loop Delay 0 to 200 ms 0.1 F001 0
1627 Channel 2 Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 2 (n/a)
1628 Channel 2 Number of Lost Packets 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
1629 Channel 2 Local Loopback Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 2 (n/a)
162A Channel 2 Remote Loopback Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 2 (n/a)
162B Network Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 1 (OK)
162E Channel 2 Loop Delay 0 to 200 ms 0.1 F001 0
162F Channel PFLL Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 1 (OK)


Channel Status Commands (Read/Write Command)
1630 L90 Channel Status Clear 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Channel Status Actuals (Read/Write Command)
1638 Channel 1 Asymmetry -65.535 to 65.535 ms 0.001 F004 0
1638 Channel 2 Asymmetry -99.999 to 99.999 ms 0.001 F004 0
B Source Current (Read Only) (6 modules)

1800 Source 1 Phase A Current RMS 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1802 Source 1 Phase B Current RMS 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1804 Source 1 Phase C Current RMS 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1806 Source 1 Neutral Current RMS 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1808 Source 1 Phase A Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
180A Source 1 Phase A Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
180B Source 1 Phase B Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
180D Source 1 Phase B Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
180E Source 1 Phase C Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1810 Source 1 Phase C Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1811 Source 1 Neutral Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1813 Source 1 Neutral Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1814 Source 1 Ground Current RMS 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1816 Source 1 Ground Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1818 Source 1 Ground Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1819 Source 1 Zero Sequence Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
181B Source 1 Zero Sequence Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
181C Source 1 Positive Sequence Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
181E Source 1 Positive Sequence Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
181F Source 1 Negative Sequence Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1821 Source 1 Negative Sequence Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1822 Source 1 Differential Ground Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1824 Source 1 Differential Ground Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1825 Reserved (27 items) --- --- --- F001 0
1840 ...Repeated for Source 2
18C0 ...Repeated for Source 4
Source Voltage (Read Only) (6 modules)
1A00 Source 1 Phase AG Voltage RMS V F060 0
1A02 Source 1 Phase BG Voltage RMS V F060 0
1A04 Source 1 Phase CG Voltage RMS V F060 0
1A06 Source 1 Phase AG Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A08 Source 1 Phase AG Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A09 Source 1 Phase BG Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A0B Source 1 Phase BG Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A0C Source 1 Phase CG Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A0E Source 1 Phase CG Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A0F Source 1 Phase AB or AC Voltage RMS 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A11 Source 1 Phase BC or BA Voltage RMS 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A13 Source 1 Phase CA or CB Voltage RMS 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A15 Source 1 Phase AB or AC Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A17 Source 1 Phase AB or AC Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A18 Source 1 Phase BC or BA Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A1A Source 1 Phase BC or BA Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A1B Source 1 Phase CA or CB Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A1D Source 1 Phase CA or CB Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0


1A1E Source 1 Auxiliary Voltage RMS V F060 0
1A20 Source 1 Auxiliary Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A22 Source 1 Auxiliary Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A23 Source 1 Zero Sequence Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A25 Source 1 Zero Sequence Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A26 Source 1 Positive Sequence Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0 B
1A28 Source 1 Positive Sequence Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A29 Source 1 Negative Sequence Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
1A2B Source 1 Negative Sequence Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
1A2C Reserved (20 items) --- --- --- F001 0
1A40 ...Repeated for Source 2
1AC0 ...Repeated for Source 4
1B00 ...Repeated for Source 5
1B40 ...Repeated for Source 6
Source Power (Read Only) (6 modules)
1C00 Source 1 Three Phase Real Power -1000000000000 to W 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C02 Source 1 Phase A Real Power -1000000000000 to W 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C04 Source 1 Phase B Real Power -1000000000000 to W 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C06 Source 1 Phase C Real Power -1000000000000 to W 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C08 Source 1 Three Phase Reactive Power -1000000000000 to var 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C0A Source 1 Phase A Reactive Power -1000000000000 to var 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C0C Source 1 Phase B Reactive Power -1000000000000 to var 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C0E Source 1 Phase C Reactive Power -1000000000000 to var 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C10 Source 1 Three Phase Apparent Power -1000000000000 to VA 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C12 Source 1 Phase A Apparent Power -1000000000000 to VA 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C14 Source 1 Phase B Apparent Power -1000000000000 to VA 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C16 Source 1 Phase C Apparent Power -1000000000000 to VA 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
1C18 Source 1 Three Phase Power Factor -0.999 to 1 --- 0.001 F013 0
1C19 Source 1 Phase A Power Factor -0.999 to 1 --- 0.001 F013 0
1C1A Source 1 Phase B Power Factor -0.999 to 1 --- 0.001 F013 0
1C1B Source 1 Phase C Power Factor -0.999 to 1 --- 0.001 F013 0
1C1C Reserved (4 items) --- --- --- F001 0
1CA0 ...Repeated for Source 6
Source Energy (Read Only Non-Volatile) (6 modules)
1D00 Source 1 Positive Watthour 0 to 1000000000000 Wh 0.001 F060 0
1D02 Source 1 Negative Watthour 0 to 1000000000000 Wh 0.001 F060 0
1D04 Source 1 Positive Varhour 0 to 1000000000000 varh 0.001 F060 0
1D06 Source 1 Negative Varhour 0 to 1000000000000 varh 0.001 F060 0
1D08 Reserved (8 items) --- --- --- F001 0
1D10 ...Repeated for Source 2


Energy Commands (Read/Write Command)
1D60 Energy Clear Command 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
B Source Frequency (Read Only) (6 modules)

1D80 Frequency for Source 1 --- Hz --- F003 0
1D8A Frequency for Source 6 --- Hz --- F003 0
Source Demand (Read Only) (6 modules)
1E00 Source 1 Demand Ia 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1E02 Source 1 Demand Ib 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1E04 Source 1 Demand Ic 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1E06 Source 1 Demand Watt 0 to 999999.999 W 0.001 F060 0
1E08 Source 1 Demand Var 0 to 999999.999 var 0.001 F060 0
1E0A Source 1 Demand Va 0 to 999999.999 VA 0.001 F060 0
1E0C Reserved (4 items) --- --- --- F001 0
1E10 ...Repeated for Source 2
Source Demand Peaks (Read Only Non-Volatile) (6 modules)
1E80 Source 1 Demand Ia Maximum 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1E82 Source 1 Demand Ia Maximum Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
1E84 Source 1 Demand Ib Maximum 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1E86 Source 1 Demand Ib Maximum Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
1E88 Source 1 Demand Ic Maximum 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
1E8A Source 1 Demand Ic Maximum Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
1E8C Source 1 Demand Watt Maximum 0 to 999999.999 W 0.001 F060 0
1E8E Source 1 Demand Watt Maximum Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
1E90 Source 1 Demand Var 0 to 999999.999 var 0.001 F060 0
1E92 Source 1 Demand Var Maximum Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
1E94 Source 1 Demand Va Maximum 0 to 999999.999 VA 0.001 F060 0
1E96 Source 1 Demand Va Maximum Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
1E98 Reserved (8 items) --- --- --- F001 0
1EA0 ...Repeated for Source 2
1EC0 ...Repeated for Source 3
1EE0 ...Repeated for Source 4
1F00 ...Repeated for Source 5
1F20 ...Repeated for Source 6
Breaker flashover (read/write setting) (2 modules)
21A6 Breaker flashover 1 function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
21A7 Breaker flashover 1 side 1 source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
21A8 Breaker flashover 1 side 2 source 0 to 6 --- 1 F211 0 (None)
21A9 Breaker flashover 1 status closed A 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
21AA Breaker flashover 1 status closed B 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
21AB Breaker flashover 1 status closed C 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
21AC Breaker flashover 1 voltage pickup level 0 to 1.5 pu 0.001 F001 850
21AD Breaker flashover 1 voltage difference pickup level 0 to 100000 V 1 F060 1000
21AF Breaker flashover 1 current pickup level 0 to 1.5 pu 0.001 F001 600


21B0 Breaker flashover 1 pickup delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 100
21B1 Breaker flashover 1 supervision phase A 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
21B2 Breaker flashover 1 supervision phase B 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
21B3 Breaker flashover 1 supervision phase C 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
21B4 Breaker flashover 1 block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
21B5 Breaker flashover 1 events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled) B
21B6 Breaker flashover 1 target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-Reset)
21B7 Reserved (4 items) --- --- --- F001 0
21BB ...Repeated for breaker flashover 2 0 to 99999999 kA2-cyc 1 F060 0
Breaker Arcing Current Actuals (Read Only Non-Volatile) (2 modules)
21E0 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Phase A 0 to 99999999 kA2-cyc 1 F060 0
21E2 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Phase B 0 to 99999999 kA2-cyc 1 F060 0
21E4 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Phase C 0 to 99999999 kA2-cyc 1 F060 0
21E6 Breaker 1 Operating Time Phase A 0 to 65535 ms 1 F001 0
21E7 Breaker 1 Operating Time Phase B 0 to 65535 ms 1 F001 0
21E8 Breaker 1 Operating Time Phase C 0 to 65535 ms 1 F001 0
21E9 Breaker 1 Operating Time 0 to 65535 ms 1 F001 0
21EA ...Repeated for Breaker Arcing Current 2
Breaker Arcing Current Commands (Read/Write Command) (2 modules)
2224 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Clear Command 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
2225 Breaker 2 Arcing Current Clear Command 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Passwords Unauthorized Access (Read/Write Command)
2230 Reset Unauthorized Access 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Fault Location (Read Only) (5 modules)
2340 Fault 1 Prefault Phase A Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2342 Fault 1 Prefault Phase A Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2343 Fault 1 Prefault Phase B Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2345 Fault 1 Prefault Phase B Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2346 Fault 1 Prefault Phase C Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2348 Fault 1 Prefault Phase C Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2349 Fault 1 Prefault Phase A Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
234B Fault 1 Prefault Phase A Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
234C Fault 1 Prefault Phase B Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
234E Fault 1 Prefault Phase B Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
234F Fault 1 Prefault Phase C Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
2351 Fault 1 Prefault Phase C Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2352 Fault 1 Phase A Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2354 Fault 1 Phase A Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2355 Fault 1 Phase B Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2357 Fault 1 Phase B Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2358 Fault 1 Phase C Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
235A Fault 1 Phase C Current Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
235B Fault 1 Phase A Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
235D Fault 1 Phase A Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
235E Fault 1 Phase B Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
2360 Fault 1 Phase B Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2361 Fault 1 Phase C Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
2363 Fault 1 Phase C Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2364 Fault 1 Type 0 to 11 --- 1 F148 0 (NA)
2365 Fault 1 Location based on Line length units (km or miles) -3276.7 to 3276.7 --- 0.1 F002 0
2366 ...Repeated for Fault 2
238C ...Repeated for Fault 3
23B2 ...Repeated for Fault 4
23D8 ...Repeated for Fault 5


Synchrocheck Actuals (Read Only) (2 modules)
2400 Synchrocheck 1 Delta Voltage -1000000000000 to V 1 F060 0
1000000000000
2402 Synchrocheck 1 Delta Frequency 0 to 655.35 Hz 0.01 F001 0
2403 Synchrocheck 1 Delta Phase 0 to 179.9 degrees 0.1 F001 0
B 2404 ...Repeated for Synchrocheck 2

Autoreclose Status (Read Only) (6 modules)
2410 Autoreclose 1 Count 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Current Differential (Read Only)
2480 Local IA Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2482 Local IB Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2484 Local IC Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2486 Terminal 1 IA Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2488 Terminal 1 IB Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
248A Terminal 1 IC Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
248C Terminal 2 IA Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
248E Terminal 2 IB Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2490 Terminal 2 IC Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2492 Differential Current IA Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2494 Differential Current IB Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2496 Differential Current IC Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2498 Local IA Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
2499 Local IB Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
249A Local IC Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
249B Terminal 1 IA Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
249C Terminal 1 IB Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
249D Terminal 1 IC Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
249E Terminal 2 IA Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
249F Terminal 2 IB Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
24A0 Terminal 2 IC Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
24A1 Differential Current IA Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
24A2 Differential Current IB Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
24A3 Differential Current IC Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
24A4 Op Square Current IA 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24A6 Op Square Current IB 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24A8 Op Square Current IC 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24AA Restraint Square Current IA 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24AC Restraint Square Current IB 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24AE Restraint Square Current IC 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24B0 Restraint Current IA 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24B2 Restraint Current IB 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24B4 Restraint Current IC 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24B6 Differential Current IG Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24B8 Differential Current IG Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
24B9 Restraint Current IG 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24BB Local IG Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24BD Local IG Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
24BE Terminal 1 IG Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24C0 Terminal 1 IG Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0


24C1 Terminal 2 IG Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
24C3 Terminal 2 IG Angle -359.9 to 0 degrees 0.1 F002 0
Phasor Measurement Unit actual values (Read Only) (4 modules)
2540 PMU 1 Phase A Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
2542 PMU Unit 1 Phase A Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2543 PMU 1 Phase B Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0 B
2545 PMU 1 Phase B Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2546 PMU 1 Phase C Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
2548 PMU 1 Phase C Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2549 PMU 1 Auxiliary Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
254B PMU 1 Auxiliary Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
254C PMU 1 Positive Sequence Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
254E PMU 1 Positive Sequence Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
254F PMU 1 Negative Sequence Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
2551 PMU 1 Negative Sequence Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2552 PMU 1 Zero Sequence Voltage Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 V 0.001 F060 0
2554 PMU 1 Zero Sequence Voltage Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2555 PMU 1 Phase A Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2557 PMU 1 Phase A Current Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2558 PMU 1 Phase B Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
255A PMU 1 Phase B Current Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
255B PMU 1 Phase C Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
255D PMU 1 Phase C Current Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
255E PMU 1 Ground Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2560 PMU 1 Ground Current Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2561 PMU 1 Positive Sequence Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2563 PMU 1 Positive Sequence Current Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2564 PMU 1 Negative Sequence Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2566 PMU 1 Negative Sequence Current Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
2567 PMU 1 Zero Sequence Current Magnitude 0 to 999999.999 A 0.001 F060 0
2569 PMU 1 Zero Sequence Current Angle -359.9 to 0 ° 0.1 F002 0
256A PMU 1 Frequency 2 to 90 Hz 0.001 F003 0
256C PMU 1 df/dt -327.67 to 327.67 Hz/s 0.01 F002 0
256D PMU 1 Configuration Change Counter 0 to 655.35 0.01 F001 0
256E Reserved (4 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
Phasor measurement unit integer values (read only actual value registers)
2608 PMU 1 SOC timestamp 0 to 4294967295 seconds 1 F003 0
260A PMU 1 FRAMESEC timestamp 0 to 4294967295 seconds 1 F003 0
260C PMU 1 STAT flags 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
Remote double-point status inputs (read/write setting registers)
2620 Remote double-point status input 1 device 1 to 32 --- 1 F001 1
2621 Remote double-point status input 1 item 0 to 128 --- 1 F156 0 (None)
2622 Remote double-point status input 1 name 1 to 64 --- 1 F205 "Rem Ip 1"
2628 Remote double-point status input 1 events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
2629 ... Repeated for double-point status input 2
263B ... Repeated for double-point status input 4
IEC 61850 GGIO5 configuration (read/write setting registers)
26B0 IEC 61850 GGIO5 uinteger input 1 operand --- --- --- F612 0


B 26BA
26BB
IEC 61850 GGIO5 uinteger input 11 operand
IEC 61850 GGIO5 uinteger input 12 operand
---
---
---
---
---
---
F612
F612
0
0
26BC IEC 61850 GGIO5 uinteger input 13 operand --- --- --- F612 0
26BD IEC 61850 GGIO5 uinteger input 14 operand --- --- --- F612 0
26BE IEC 61850 GGIO5 uinteger input 15 operand --- --- --- F612 0
26BF IEC 61850 GGIO5 uinteger input 16 operand --- --- --- F612 0
IEC 61850 received integers (read only actual values)
26F0 IEC 61850 received uinteger 1 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
26FA IEC 61850 received uinteger 6 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
26FC IEC 61850 received uinteger 7 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
26FE IEC 61850 received uinteger 8 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
2700 IEC 61850 received uinteger 9 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
270A IEC 61850 received uinteger 14 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
270C IEC 61850 received uinteger 15 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
270E IEC 61850 received uinteger 16 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
Expanded FlexStates (Read Only)
2B00 FlexStates, one per register (256 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
Expanded Digital Input/Output states (Read Only)
2D00 Contact Input States, one per register (96 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
2D80 Contact Output States, one per register (64 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
2E00 Virtual Output States, one per register (96 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
Expanded Remote Input/Output Status (Read Only)
2F00 Remote Device States, one per register (16 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F155 0 (Offline)
2F80 Remote Input States, one per register (64 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
Oscillography Values (Read Only)
3000 Oscillography Number of Triggers 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
3001 Oscillography Available Records 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
3002 Oscillography Last Cleared Date 0 to 400000000 --- 1 F050 0
3004 Oscillography Number Of Cycles Per Record 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Oscillography Commands (Read/Write Command)
3005 Oscillography Force Trigger 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
3011 Oscillography Clear Data 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Fault Report Indexing (Read Only Non-Volatile)
3020 Number of Fault Reports 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Fault Report Actuals (Read Only Non-Volatile) (15 modules)
3030 Fault Report 1 Time 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
303A Fault Report 6 Time 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0


303C Fault Report 7 Time 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
303E Fault Report 8 Time 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
3046 Fault Report 12 Time 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0 B
304A Fault Report 14 Time 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
304C Fault Report 15 Time 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
Modbus file transfer (read/write)
3100 Name of file to read --- --- --- F204 (none)
Modbus file transfer values (read only)
3200 Character position of current block within file 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
3202 Size of currently-available data block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
3203 Block of data from requested file (122 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Event recorder actual values (read only)
3400 Events Since Last Clear 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
3402 Number of Available Events 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
3404 Event Recorder Last Cleared Date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
Event recorder commands (read/write)
3406 Event Recorder Clear Command 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
DCMA Input Values (Read Only) (24 modules)
34C0 DCMA Inputs 1 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34CA DCMA Inputs 6 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34CC DCMA Inputs 7 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34CE DCMA Inputs 8 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34D0 DCMA Inputs 9 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34DA DCMA Inputs 14 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34DC DCMA Inputs 15 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34DE DCMA Inputs 16 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34E0 DCMA Inputs 17 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34EA DCMA Inputs 22 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34EC DCMA Inputs 23 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
34EE DCMA Inputs 24 Value -9999999 to 9999999 --- 1 F004 0
RTD Input Values (Read Only) (48 modules)
34F0 RTD Input 1 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0


34FA RTD Input 11 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
34FB RTD Input 12 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
B 34FC
34FD
RTD Input 13 Value
RTD Input 14 Value
-32768 to 32767
-32768 to 32767
°C
°C
1
1
F002
F002
0
0
34FE RTD Input 15 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
34FF RTD Input 16 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
3500 RTD Input 17 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
350A RTD Input 27 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
350B RTD Input 28 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
350C RTD Input 29 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
350D RTD Input 30 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
350E RTD Input 31 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
350F RTD Input 32 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
351A RTD Input 43 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
351B RTD Input 44 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
351C RTD Input 45 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
351D RTD Input 46 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
351E RTD Input 47 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
351F RTD Input 48 Value -32768 to 32767 °C 1 F002 0
Passwords (Read/Write Command)
4000 Command Password Setting 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
Passwords (Read/Write Setting)
4002 Setting Password Setting 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
Passwords (Read/Write)
4008 Command Password Entry 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
400A Setting Password Entry 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
Passwords (read only actual values)
4010 Command password status 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4011 Setting password status 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Passwords (read/write settings)
4012 Control password access timeout 5 to 480 minutes 1 F001 5
4013 Setting password access timeout 5 to 480 minutes 1 F001 30


4014 Invalid password attempts 2 to 5 --- 1 F001 3
4015 Password lockout duration 5 to 60 minutes 1 F001 5
4016 Password access events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4017 Local setting authorization 1 to 65535 --- 1 F300 1
4018 Remote setting authorization 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 1
4019 Access authorization timeout 5 to 480 minutes 1 F001 30 B
User Display Invoke (Read/Write Setting)
4040 Invoke and Scroll Through User Display Menu Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
LED Test (Read/Write Setting)
4048 LED Test Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4049 LED Test Control 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Preferences (Read/Write Setting)
404F Language 0 to 3 --- 1 F531 0 (English)
4050 Flash Message Time 0.5 to 10 s 0.1 F001 10
4051 Default Message Timeout 10 to 900 s 1 F001 300
4052 Default Message Intensity 0 to 3 --- 1 F101 0 (25%)
4053 Screen Saver Feature 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4054 Screen Saver Wait Time 1 to 65535 min 1 F001 30
4055 Current Cutoff Level 0.002 to 0.02 pu 0.001 F001 20
4056 Voltage Cutoff Level 0.1 to 1 V 0.1 F001 10
Communications (Read/Write Setting)
407E COM1 minimum response time 0 to 1000 ms 10 F001 0
407F COM2 minimum response time 0 to 1000 ms 10 F001 0
4080 Modbus Slave Address 1 to 254 --- 1 F001 254
4083 RS485 Com1 Baud Rate 0 to 11 --- 1 F112 8 (115200)
4084 RS485 Com1 Parity 0 to 2 --- 1 F113 0 (None)
4085 RS485 Com2 Baud Rate 0 to 11 --- 1 F112 8 (115200)
4086 RS485 Com2 Parity 0 to 2 --- 1 F113 0 (None)
4087 IP Address 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 56554706
4089 IP Subnet Mask 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 4294966272
408B Gateway IP Address 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 56554497
408D Network Address NSAP --- --- --- F074 0
409A DNP Channel 1 Port 0 to 4 --- 1 F177 0 (None)
409B DNP Channel 2 Port 0 to 4 --- 1 F177 0 (None)
409C DNP Address 0 to 65519 --- 1 F001 1
409D Reserved 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
409E DNP Client Addresses (2 items) 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
40A3 TCP Port Number for the Modbus protocol 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 502
40A4 TCP/UDP Port Number for the DNP Protocol 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 20000
40A5 TCP Port Number for the HTTP (Web Server) Protocol 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 80
40A6 Main UDP Port Number for the TFTP Protocol 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 69
40A7 Data Transfer UDP Port Numbers for the TFTP Protocol 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
(zero means “automatic”) (2 items)
40A9 DNP Unsolicited Responses Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
40AA DNP Unsolicited Responses Timeout 0 to 60 s 1 F001 5
40AB DNP unsolicited responses maximum retries 1 to 255 --- 1 F001 10
40AC DNP unsolicited responses destination address 0 to 65519 --- 1 F001 1
40AD Ethernet operation mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F192 0 (Half-Duplex)
40AE DNP current scale factor 0 to 8 --- 1 F194 2 (1)
40AF DNP voltage scale factor 0 to 8 --- 1 F194 2 (1)
40B0 DNP power scale factor 0 to 8 --- 1 F194 2 (1)
40B1 DNP energy scale factor 0 to 8 --- 1 F194 2 (1)
40B2 DNP power scale factor 0 to 8 --- 1 F194 2 (1)
40B3 DNP other scale factor 0 to 8 --- 1 F194 2 (1)


40B4 DNP current default deadband 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40B6 DNP voltage default deadband 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40B8 DNP power default deadband 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40BA DNP energy default deadband 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40BE DNP other default deadband 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
B 40C0
40C1
DNP IIN time synchronization bit period
DNP message fragment size
1 to 10080
30 to 2048
min
---
1
1
F001
F001
1440
240
40C2 DNP client address 3 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
40C8 DNP number of paired binary output control points 0 to 32 --- 1 F001 0
40C9 DNP TCP connection timeout 10 to 65535 --- 1 F001 120
40CA Reserved (22 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
40E0 TCP port number for the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 2404
40E1 IEC 60870-5-104 protocol function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
40E2 IEC 60870-5-104 protocol common address of ASDU 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
40E3 IEC 60870-5-104 protocol cyclic data transmit period 1 to 65535 s 1 F001 60
40E4 IEC 60870-5-104 current default threshold 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40E6 IEC 60870-5-104 voltage default threshold 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40E8 IEC 60870-5-104 power default threshold 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40EA IEC 60870-5-104 energy default threshold 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40EC IEC 60870-5-104 power default threshold 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40EE IEC 60870-5-104 other default threshold 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 30000
40F0 IEC 60870-5-104 client address (5 items) 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
4104 IEC 60870-5-104 redundancy port 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
4005 Reserved (59 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
4140 DNP object 1 default variation 1 to 2 --- 1 F001 2
4142 DNP object 20 default variation 0 to 3 --- 1 F523 0 (1)
Ethernet switch (Read/Write Setting)
4148 Ethernet switch IP address 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 3232235778
414A Ethernet switch Modbus IP port number 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 502
414B Ethernet switch Port 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
414C Ethernet switch Port 2 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
414D Ethernet switch Port 3 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
414E Ethernet switch Port 4 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
414F Ethernet switch Port 5 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4150 Ethernet switch Port 6 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Ethernet switch (Read Only Actual Values)
4151 Ethernet switch MAC address --- --- 1 F072 0
4154 Ethernet switch Port 1 Status 0 to 2 --- 1 F134 0 (Fail)
415A Switch Firmware Version 0.00 to 99.99 --- 0.01 F001 0
Simple Network Time Protocol (Read/Write Setting)
4168 Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)


4169 Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) server IP address 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
416B Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) UDP port number 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 123
Data Logger Commands (Read/Write Command)
4170 Data Logger Clear 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Data Logger (Read/Write Setting)
4181 Data Logger Channel Settings (16 items) --- --- --- F600 0 B
4191 Data Logger Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F260 0 (continuous)
4192 Data Logger Trigger 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4193 Data Logger Rate 15 to 3600000 ms 1 F003 60000
Clock (Read/Write Command)
41A0 Real Time Clock Set Time 0 to 235959 --- 1 F050 0
Clock (Read/Write Setting)
41A2 SR Date Format 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F051 0
41A4 SR Time Format 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F052 0
41A6 IRIG-B Signal Type 0 to 2 --- 1 F114 0 (None)
41A7 Clock Events Enable / Disable 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
41A8 Time Zone Offset from UTC –24 to 24 hours 0.5 F002 0
41A9 Daylight Savings Time (DST) Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
41AA Daylight Savings Time (DST) Start Month 0 to 11 --- 1 F237 0 (January)
41AB Daylight Savings Time (DST) Start Day 0 to 6 --- 1 F238 0 (Sunday)
41AC Daylight Savings Time (DST) Start Day Instance 0 to 4 --- 1 F239 0 (First)
41AD Daylight Savings Time (DST) Start Hour 0 to 23 --- 1 F001 2
41AE Daylight Savings Time (DST) Stop Month 0 to 11 --- 1 F237 0 (January)
41AF Daylight Savings Time (DST) Stop Day 0 to 6 --- 1 F238 0 (Sunday)
41B0 Daylight Savings Time (DST) Stop Day Instance 0 to 4 --- 1 F239 0 (First)
41B1 Daylight Savings Time (DST) Stop Hour 0 to 23 --- 1 F001 2
Fault Report Commands (Read/Write Command)
41B2 Fault Reports Clear Data Command 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Oscillography (Read/Write Setting)
41C0 Oscillography Number of Records 1 to 64 --- 1 F001 5
41C1 Oscillography Trigger Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F118 0 (Auto. Overwrite)
41C2 Oscillography Trigger Position 0 to 100 % 1 F001 50
41C3 Oscillography Trigger Source 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
41C4 Oscillography AC Input Waveforms 0 to 4 --- 1 F183 2 (16 samples/cycle)
41D0 Oscillography Analog Channel n (16 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
4200 Oscillography Digital Channel n (63 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Trip and Alarm LEDs (Read/Write Setting)
4260 Trip LED Input FlexLogic Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4261 Alarm LED Input FlexLogic Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
User Programmable LEDs (Read/Write Setting) (48 modules)
4280 FlexLogic™ Operand to Activate LED 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4281 User LED type (latched or self-resetting) 0 to 1 --- 1 F127 1 (Self-Reset)
4282 ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 2
428A ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 6
428C ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 7
428E ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 8


429A ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 14
429C ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 15
429E ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 16
42A0 ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 17
B 42A4
42A6
...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 19
...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 20
42AA ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 22
42AC ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 23
42AE ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 24
42B0 ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 25
42BA ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 30
42BC ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 31
42BE ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 32
42C0 ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 33
42CA ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 38
42CC ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 39
42CE ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 40
42D0 ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 41
42DA ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 46
42DC ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 47
42DE ...Repeated for User-Programmable LED 48
Installation (Read/Write Setting)
43E0 Relay Programmed State 0 to 1 --- 1 F133 0 (Not Programmed)
43E1 Relay Name --- --- --- F202 “Relay-1”
User Programmable Self Tests (Read/Write Setting)
4441 User Programmable Detect Ring Break Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
4442 User Programmable Direct Device Off Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
4443 User Programmable Remote Device Off Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
4444 User Programmable Primary Ethernet Fail Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4445 User Programmable Secondary Ethernet Fail Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4446 User Programmable Battery Fail Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
4447 User Programmable SNTP Fail Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
4448 User Programmable IRIG-B Fail Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
4449 User Programmable Ethernet Switch Fail Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
CT Settings (Read/Write Setting) (6 modules)
4480 Phase CT 1 Primary 1 to 65000 A 1 F001 1
4481 Phase CT 1 Secondary 0 to 1 --- 1 F123 0 (1 A)
4482 Ground CT 1 Primary 1 to 65000 A 1 F001 1
4483 Ground CT 1 Secondary 0 to 1 --- 1 F123 0 (1 A)
4484 ...Repeated for CT Bank 2


448C ...Repeated for CT Bank 4
VT Settings (Read/Write Setting) (3 modules)
4500 Phase VT 1 Connection 0 to 1 --- 1 F100 0 (Wye) B
4501 Phase VT 1 Secondary 50 to 240 V 0.1 F001 664
4502 Phase VT 1 Ratio 1 to 24000 :1 1 F060 1
4504 Auxiliary VT 1 Connection 0 to 6 --- 1 F166 1 (Vag)
4505 Auxiliary VT 1 Secondary 50 to 240 V 0.1 F001 664
4506 Auxiliary VT 1 Ratio 1 to 24000 :1 1 F060 1
4508 ...Repeated for VT Bank 2
4510 ...Repeated for VT Bank 3
Source Settings (Read/Write Setting) (6 modules)
4580 Source 1 Name --- --- --- F206 “SRC 1"
4583 Source 1 Phase CT 0 to 63 --- 1 F400 0
4584 Source 1 Ground CT 0 to 63 --- 1 F400 0
4585 Source 1 Phase VT 0 to 63 --- 1 F400 0
4586 Source 1 Auxiliary VT 0 to 63 --- 1 F400 0
458E ...Repeated for Source 3
459C ...Repeated for Source 5
Power System (Read/Write Setting)
4600 Nominal Frequency 25 to 60 Hz 1 F001 60
4601 Phase Rotation 0 to 1 --- 1 F106 0 (ABC)
4602 Frequency And Phase Reference 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
4603 Frequency Tracking Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
87L Power System (Read/Write Setting)
4610 Number of Terminals 2 to 3 --- 1 F001 2
4611 Number of Channels 1 to 2 --- 1 F001 1
4612 Charging Current Compensation 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4613 Positive Sequence Reactance 0.1 to 65.535 kohms 0.001 F001 100
4614 Zero Sequence Reactance 0.1 to 65.535 kohms 0.001 F001 100
4615 Zero Sequence Current Removal 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4616 Local Relay ID 0 to 255 --- 1 F001 0
4617 Terminal 1 ID 0 to 255 --- 1 F001 0
4618 Terminal 2 ID 0 to 255 --- 1 F001 0
4619 Channel Asymmetry Compensation 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
461A Block GPS Time Reference 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
461B Maximum Channel Asymmetry 0 to 10 ms 0.1 F001 15
461C Round Trip Time 0 to 10 ms 0.1 F001 15
Breaker control (read/write settings)
4700 Breaker 1 function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4701 Breaker 1 name --- --- --- F206 “Bkr 1"
4704 Breaker 1 mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F157 0 (3-Pole)
4705 Breaker 1 open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4706 Breaker 1 close 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4707 Breaker 1 phase A / three-pole closed 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4708 Breaker 1 phase B closed 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4709 Breaker 1 phase C closed 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
470A Breaker 1 external alarm 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
470B Breaker 1 alarm delay 0 to 1000000 s 0.001 F003 0


470D Breaker 1 pushbutton control 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
470E Breaker 1 manual close recall time 0 to 1000000 s 0.001 F003 0
4710 Breaker 1 out of service 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4711 Breaker 1 block open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4712 Breaker 1 block close 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
B 4713
4714
Breaker 1 phase A / three-pole opened
Breaker 1 phase B opened
0 to 65535
0 to 65535
---
---
1
1
F300
F300
0
0
4715 Breaker 1 phase C opened 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4716 Breaker 1 operate time 0 to 2 s 0.001 F001 70
4717 Breaker 1 events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4718 Reserved --- --- --- --- ---
4719 ...Repeated for breaker 2
4732 ...Repeated for breaker 3
474B ...Repeated for breaker 4
Synchrocheck (Read/Write Setting) (2 modules)
47A0 Synchrocheck 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
47A1 Synchrocheck 1 V1 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
47A2 Synchrocheck 1 V2 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 1 (SRC 2)
47A3 Synchrocheck 1 Maximum Voltage Difference 0 to 400000 V 1 F060 10000
47A5 Synchrocheck 1 Maximum Angle Difference 0 to 100 degrees 1 F001 30
47A6 Synchrocheck 1 Maximum Frequency Difference 0 to 2 Hz 0.01 F001 100
47A7 Synchrocheck 1 Dead Source Select 0 to 5 --- 1 F176 1 (LV1 and DV2)
47A8 Synchrocheck 1 Dead V1 Maximum Voltage 0 to 1.25 pu 0.01 F001 30
47A9 Synchrocheck 1 Dead V2 Maximum Voltage 0 to 1.25 pu 0.01 F001 30
47AA Synchrocheck 1 Live V1 Minimum Voltage 0 to 1.25 pu 0.01 F001 70
47AB Synchrocheck 1 Live V2 Minimum Voltage 0 to 1.25 pu 0.01 F001 70
47AC Synchrocheck 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
47AD Synchrocheck 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
47AE Synchrocheck 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
47AF Synchrocheck 1 Frequency Hysteresis 0 to 0.1 Hz 0.01 F001 6
47B0 ...Repeated for Synchrocheck 2
Demand (Read/Write Setting)
47D0 Demand Current Method 0 to 2 --- 1 F139 0 (Thrm. Exponential)
47D1 Demand Power Method 0 to 2 --- 1 F139 0 (Thrm. Exponential)
47D2 Demand Interval 0 to 5 --- 1 F132 2 (15 MIN)
47D3 Demand Input 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Demand (Read/Write Command)
47D4 Demand Clear Record 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Flexcurves A and B (Read/Write Settings)
4800 FlexCurve A (120 items) 0 to 65535 ms 1 F011 0
48F0 FlexCurve B (120 items) 0 to 65535 ms 1 F011 0
Modbus User Map (Read/Write Setting)
4A00 Modbus Address Settings for User Map (256 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
User Displays Settings (Read/Write Setting) (16 modules)
4C00 User-Definable Display 1 Top Line Text --- --- --- F202 ““
4C0A User-Definable Display 1 Bottom Line Text --- --- --- F202 ““
4C14 Modbus Addresses of Display 1 Items (5 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
4C19 Reserved (7 items) --- --- --- F001 0
4C20 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 2
4CA0 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 6
4CC0 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 7


4CE0 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 8
4D00 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 9
4D80 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 13 B
4DA0 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 14
4DC0 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 15
4DE0 ...Repeated for User-Definable Display 16
User Programmable Pushbuttons (Read/Write Setting) (12 modules)
4E00 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Function 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 2 (Disabled)
4E01 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Top Line --- --- --- F202 (none)
4E0B User Programmable Pushbutton 1 On Text --- --- --- F202 (none)
4E15 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Off Text --- --- --- F202 (none)
4E1F User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Drop-Out Time 0 to 60 s 0.05 F001 0
4E20 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
4E21 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4E22 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 LED Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4E23 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Autoreset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.05 F001 0
4E24 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Autoreset Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
4E25 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Local Lock 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4E26 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Message Priority 0 to 2 --- 1 F220 0 (Disabled)
4E27 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Remote Lock 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4E28 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4E29 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Set 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
4E2A ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 2
4E54 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 3
4E7E ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 4
4EA8 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 5
4ED2 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 6
4EFC ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 7
4F26 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 8
4F50 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 9
4F7A ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 10
4FA4 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 11
4FCE ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 12
Flexlogic (Read/Write Setting)
5000 FlexLogic™ Entry (512 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 16384
RTD Inputs (Read/Write Setting) (48 modules)
5400 RTD Input 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5401 RTD Input 1 ID --- --- --- F205 “RTD Ip 1“
5407 RTD Input 1 Type 0 to 3 --- 1 F174 0 (100 ohm Platinum)
5413 ...Repeated for RTD Input 2
544C ...Repeated for RTD Input 5
545F ...Repeated for RTD Input 6
54AB ...Repeated for RTD Input 10
54BE ...Repeated for RTD Input 11
54D1 ...Repeated for RTD Input 12
54E4 ...Repeated for RTD Input 13


54F7 ...Repeated for RTD Input 14
550A ...Repeated for RTD Input 15
551D ...Repeated for RTD Input 16
B 5556
5569
...Repeated for RTD Input 19
...Repeated for RTD Input 20
557C ...Repeated for RTD Input 21
558F ...Repeated for RTD Input 22
55A2 ...Repeated for RTD Input 23
55B5 ...Repeated for RTD Input 24
55C8 ...Repeated for RTD Input 25
55DB ...Repeated for RTD Input 26
55EE ...Repeated for RTD Input 27
56AC ...Repeated for RTD Input 37
56BF ...Repeated for RTD Input 38
56D2 ...Repeated for RTD Input 39
56E5 ...Repeated for RTD Input 40
56F8 ...Repeated for RTD Input 41
570B ...Repeated for RTD Input 42
571E ...Repeated for RTD Input 43
Flexlogic Timers (Read/Write Setting) (32 modules)
5800 FlexLogic™ Timer 1 Type 0 to 2 --- 1 F129 0 (millisecond)
5801 FlexLogic™ Timer 1 Pickup Delay 0 to 60000 --- 1 F001 0
5802 FlexLogic™ Timer 1 Dropout Delay 0 to 60000 --- 1 F001 0
5808 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 2


58A0 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 21 B
58A8 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 22
58B0 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 23
58B8 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 24
58C0 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 25
58C8 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 26
58D0 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 27
58D8 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 28
58E0 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 29
58E8 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 30
58F0 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 31
58F8 ...Repeated for FlexLogic™ Timer 32
Phase Time Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (6 modules)
5900 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5901 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
5902 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Input 0 to 1 --- 1 F122 0 (Phasor)
5903 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
5904 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Curve 0 to 16 --- 1 F103 0 (IEEE Mod Inv)
5905 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Multiplier 0 to 600 --- 0.01 F001 100
5906 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Reset 0 to 1 --- 1 F104 0 (Instantaneous)
5907 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Voltage Restraint 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5908 Phase TOC 1 Block For Each Phase (3 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
590B Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
590C Phase Time Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
590D Reserved (3 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
5910 ...Repeated for Phase Time Overcurrent 2
Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (12 modules)
5A00 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5A01 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
5A02 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
5A03 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
5A04 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
5A05 Phase IOC1 Block For Phase A 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5A06 Phase IOC1 Block For Phase B 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5A07 Phase IOC1 Block For Phase C 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5A08 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
5A09 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5A0A Reserved (6 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
5A10 ...Repeated for Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 2


5AA0 ...Repeated for Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 11
5AB0 ...Repeated for Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 12
Neutral Time Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (6 modules)
B 5B00
5B01
Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Function
Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Signal Source
0 to 1
0 to 5
---
---
1
1
F102
F167
0 (Disabled)
0 (SRC 1)
5B02 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Input 0 to 1 --- 1 F122 0 (Phasor)
5B03 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
5B04 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Curve 0 to 16 --- 1 F103 0 (IEEE Mod Inv)
5B05 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Multiplier 0 to 600 --- 0.01 F001 100
5B06 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Reset 0 to 1 --- 1 F104 0 (Instantaneous)
5B07 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5B08 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
5B09 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5B0A Reserved (6 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
5B10 ...Repeated for Neutral Time Overcurrent 2
Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (12 modules)
5C00 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5C01 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
5C02 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
5C03 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
5C04 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
5C05 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5C06 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
5C07 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5C08 Reserved (8 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
5C10 ...Repeated for Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 2
5CA0 ...Repeated for Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 11
5CB0 ...Repeated for Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 12
Ground Time Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (6 modules)
5D00 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5D01 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
5D02 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Input 0 to 1 --- 1 F122 0 (Phasor)
5D03 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
5D04 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Curve 0 to 16 --- 1 F103 0 (IEEE Mod Inv)
5D05 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Multiplier 0 to 600 --- 0.01 F001 100
5D06 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Reset 0 to 1 --- 1 F104 0 (Instantaneous)
5D07 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5D08 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
5D09 Ground Time Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5D0A Reserved (6 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0


5D10 ...Repeated for Ground Time Overcurrent 2
Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (12 modules) B
5E00 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
5E01 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5E02 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
5E03 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
5E04 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
5E05 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5E06 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
5E07 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5E08 Reserved (8 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
5E10 ...Repeated for Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 2
5EA0 ...Repeated for Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 11
5EB0 ...Repeated for Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 12
L90 Trip Logic (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
5EE0 87L Trip Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5EE1 87L Trip Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
5EE2 87L Trip Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F157 0 (3-Pole)
5EE3 87L Trip Supervision 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5EE4 87L Trip Force 3 Phase 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5EE5 87L Trip Seal In 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5EE6 87L Trip Seal In Pickup 0.2 to 0.8 pu 0.01 F001 20
5EE7 87L Trip Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
5EE8 87L Trip Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Stub Bus (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
5F10 Stub Bus Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5F11 Stub Bus Disconnect 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5F12 Stub Bus Trigger --- --- 1 F300 0
5F13 Stub Bus Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
5F14 Stub Bus Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
50DD Disturbance Detection (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
5F20 50DD Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5F21 50DD Non Current Supervision 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5F22 50DD Control Logic 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5F23 50DD Logic Seal In 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5F24 50DD Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Setting Groups (Read/Write Setting)
5F80 Setting Group for Modbus Comms (0 means group 1) 0 to 5 --- 1 F001 0
5F81 Setting Groups Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5F82 FlexLogic to Activate Groups 2 through 6 (5 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
5F89 Setting Group Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
5F8A Setting Group Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)


Setting Groups (Read Only)
5F8B Current Setting Group 0 to 5 --- 1 F001 0
Setting Group Names (Read/Write Setting)
5F8C Setting Group 1 Name --- --- --- F203 (none)
5F94 Setting Group 2 Name --- --- --- F203 (none)
B 5F9C
5FA4
Setting Group 3 Name
Setting Group 4 Name
---
---
---
---
---
---
F203
F203
(none)
(none)
5FAC Setting Group 5 Name --- --- --- F203 (none)
5FB4 Setting Group 6 Name --- --- --- F203 (none)
Current Differential 87L (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
6000 87L Current Differential Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6001 87L Current Differential Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6002 87L Current Differential Signal Source 1 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
6003 87L Minimum Phase Current Sensitivity 0.1 to 4 pu 0.01 F001 20
6004 87L Current Differential Tap Setting 0.2 to 5 --- 0.01 F001 100
6005 87L Current Differential Phase Percent Restraint 1 1 to 50 % 1 F001 30
6006 87L Current Differential Phase Percent Restraint 2 1 to 70 % 1 F001 50
6007 87L Current Differential Phase Dual Slope Breakpoint 0 to 20 pu 0.1 F001 10
6008 87L Current Differential Ground Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6009 87L Current Differential Ground Pickup 0.05 to 1 pu 0.01 F001 10
600A 87L Current Differential Ground Restraint 1 to 50 % 1 F001 25
600B 87L Current Differential Ground Delay 0 to 5 seconds 0.01 F001 10
600C 87L Current Differential Key DTT 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
600D 87L Current Differential External Key DTT 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
600E 87L Current Differential Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
600F 87L Current Differential Event 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6010 87L Current Differential Tap 2 Setting 0.2 to 5 --- 0.01 F001 100
6011 87L Current Differential Signal Source 2 0 to 6 --- 1 F211 0 (None)
Wattmetric ground fault settings (read/write grouped, 2 modules)
6050 Wattmetric ground fault 1 function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6051 Wattmetric ground fault 1 source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
6052 Wattmetric ground fault 1 voltage 0 to 1 --- 1 F234 0 (Calculated VN)
6053 Wattmetric ground fault 1 overvoltage pickup 0.02 to 3.00 pu 0.01 F001 20
6054 Wattmetric ground fault 1 current 0 to 1 --- 1 F235 (Calculated IN)
6055 Wattmetric ground fault 1 overcurrent pickup 0.002 to 30.000 pu 0.001 F001 60
6056 Wattmetric ground fault 1 overcurrent pickup delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 20
6057 Wattmetric ground fault 1 power pickup 0.001 to 1.2 pu 0.001 F001 100
6058 Wattmetric ground fault 1 ECA 0 to 360 ° Lag 1 F001 0
6059 Wattmetric ground fault 1 power pickup delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 20
605A Wattmetric ground fault 1 curve 0 to 5 --- 1 F236 0 (Definite Time)
605B Wattmetric ground fault 1 multiplier 0.01 to 2 s 0.01 F001 100
605C Wattmetric ground fault 1 block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
605D Wattmetric ground fault 1 target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
605E Wattmetric ground fault 1 events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
605F Wattmetric ground fault 1 reference power 0.001 to 1.2 pu 0.001 F001 500
6060 Reserved --- --- --- --- ---
6061 ...Repeated for wattmetric ground fault 2
Wattmetric ground fault actual values (read only)
6072 Wattmetric ground fault 1 operating power 0.000 to 1000000.000 W 0.001 F060 0
6074 Wattmetric ground fault 2 operating power 0.000 to 1000000.000 W 0.001 F060 0
CT Failure Detector (Read/Write Setting)
6124 CT Fail Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)


6125 CT Fail Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6126 CT Fail Current Source 1 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
6127 CT Fail Current Pickup 1 0 to 2 pu 0.1 F001 2
6128 CT Fail Current Source 2 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 1 (SRC 2)
6129 CT Fail Current Pickup 2 0 to 2 pu 0.1 F001 2
612A CT Fail Voltage Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1) B
612B CT Fail Voltage Pickup 0 to 2 pu 0.01 F001 20
612C CT Fail Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 1000
612D CT Fail Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
612E CT Fail Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Continuous Monitor (Read/Write Setting)
6130 Continuous Monitor Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6131 Continuous Monitor I OP 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6132 Continuous Monitor I Supervision 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6133 Continuous Monitor V OP 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6134 Continuous Monitor V Supervision 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6135 Continuous Monitor Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
6136 Continuous Monitor Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (2 modules)
6300 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6301 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
6302 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
6303 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Curve 0 to 16 --- 1 F103 0 (IEEE Mod Inv)
6304 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Multiplier 0 to 600 --- 0.01 F001 100
6305 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Reset 0 to 1 --- 1 F104 0 (Instantaneous)
6306 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6307 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
6308 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6310 ...Repeated for Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 2
Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (2 modules)
6400 Negative Sequence Instantaneous OC 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6401 Negative Sequence Instantaneous OC 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
6402 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
6403 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
6404 Negative Sequence Instantaneous OC 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
6405 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6406 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
6407 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6410 ...Repeated for Negative Sequence Instantaneous OC 2
Power Swing Detect (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
65C0 Power Swing Detect Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
65C1 Power Swing Detect Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
65C2 Power Swing Detect Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F513 0 (Two Step)
65C3 Power Swing Detect Supervision 0.05 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 600
65C4 Power Swing Detect Forward Reach 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 5000
65C5 Power Swing Detect Forward RCA 40 to 90 degrees 1 F001 75
65C6 Power Swing Detect Reverse Reach 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 5000
65C7 Power Swing Detect Reverse RCA 40 to 90 degrees 1 F001 75
65C8 Power Swing Detect Outer Limit Angle 40 to 140 degrees 1 F001 120
65C9 Power Swing Detect Middle Limit Angle 40 to 140 degrees 1 F001 90
65CA Power Swing Detect Inner Limit Angle 40 to 140 degrees 1 F001 60
65CB Power Swing Detect Delay 1 Pickup 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 30


65CC Power Swing Detect Delay 1 Reset 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 50
65CD Power Swing Detect Delay 2 Pickup 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 17
65CE Power Swing Detect Delay 3 Pickup 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 9
65CF Power Swing Detect Delay 4 Pickup 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 17
65D0 Power Swing Detect Seal In Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 400
B 65D1
65D2
Power Swing Detect Trip Mode
Power Swing Detect Block
0 to 1
0 to 65535
---
---
1
1
F514
F300
0 (Delayed)
0
65D3 Power Swing Detect Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
65D4 Power Swing Detect Event 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
65D5 Power Swing Detect Shape 0 to 1 --- 1 F085 0 (Mho Shape)
65D6 Power Swing Detect Quad Forward Middle 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 6000
65D7 Power Swing Detect Quad Forward Outer 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 7000
65D8 Power Swing Detect Quad Reverse Middle 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 6000
65D9 Power Swing Detect Quad Reverse Outer 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 7000
65DA Power Swing Detect Outer Right Blinder 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 10000
65DB Power Swing Detect Outer Left Blinder 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 10000
65DC Power Swing Detect Middle Right Blinder 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 10000
65DD Power Swing Detect Middle Left Blinder 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 10000
65DE Power Swing Detect Inner Right Blinder 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 10000
65DF Power Swing Detect Inner Left Blinder 0.1 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 10000
Load Encroachment (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
6700 Load Encroachment Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6701 Load Encroachment Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
6702 Load Encroachment Minimum Voltage 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 250
6703 Load Encroachment Reach 0.02 to 250 ohms 0.01 F001 100
6704 Load Encroachment Angle 5 to 50 degrees 1 F001 30
6705 Load Encroachment Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
6706 Load Encroachment Reset Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
6707 Load Encroachment Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6708 Load Encroachment Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
6709 Load Encroachment Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
670A Reserved (6 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Trip Output (Read/Write Setting)
67E0 Trip Mode 0 to 2 --- 1 F195 0 (Disabled)
67E1 Trip 3-Pole Input1 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67EA Trip 1-Pole Input4 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67EB Trip 1-Pole Input5 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67EC Trip 1-Pole Input6 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67ED Trip Reclose Input1 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67EE Trip Reclose Input2 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67EF Trip Reclose Input3 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67F0 Trip Reclose Input4 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67F3 Trip Force 3-Pole 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67F4 Trip Pilot Priority 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0


67F5 Breaker Phase A Open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67F6 Breaker Phase B Open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67F7 Breaker Phase C Open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67F8 Trip Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
67F9 Reverse Fault Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67FA Trip Delay On Evolving Faults 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0 B
67FB Trip Seal-In Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
67FC Trip Reset 0 to 2 --- 1 F609 0 (Pole Curr OR
Custom)
67FD Start Timer Zone 2 Phase Input 1 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67FE Start Timer Zone 2 Phase Input 2 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
67FF Start Timer Zone 2 Ground Input 1 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6800 Start Timer Zone 2 Ground Input 2 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Open Pole Detect (Read/Write Setting)
6820 Open Pole Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6821 Open Pole Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6822 Open Pole Voltage Supervision 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6823 Open Pole Current Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 50
6824 Open Pole Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
6825 Open Pole Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6826 Open Pole Line XC0 300 to 9999.9 ohms 0.1 F003 99999
6828 Open Pole Line XC1 300 to 9999.9 ohms 0.1 F003 99999
682A Open Pole Remote Current Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 50
682B Open Pole Detection 0 to 1 --- 1 F608 0 (I AND V AND
CBaux)
682C Open Pole Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F607 0 (Accelerated)
682D Reserved (5 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
Autoreclose 1P 3P (Read/Write Setting)
6890 Autoreclose Mode 0 to 3 --- 1 F080 0 (1 & 3 Pole)
6891 Autoreclose Maximum Number of Shots 1 to 4 --- 1 F001 2
6892 Autoreclose Block Breaker 1 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6893 Autoreclose Close Time Breaker 1 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 10
6894 Autoreclose Breaker Manual Close 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6895 Autoreclose Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
6896 Autoreclose Block Time Manual Close 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 1000
6897 Autoreclose 1P Initiate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6898 Autoreclose 3P Initiate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
6899 Autoreclose 3P TD Initiate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
689A Autoreclose Multi-Phase Fault 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
689B Autoreclose Breaker 1 Pole Open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
689C Autoreclose Breaker 3 Pole Open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
689D Autoreclose 3-Pole Dead Time 1 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 50
689E Autoreclose 3-Pole Dead Time 2 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 120
689F Autoreclose Extend Dead T1 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
68A0 Autoreclose Dead T1 Extension 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 50
68A1 Autoreclose Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
68A2 Autoreclose Reset Time 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 6000
68A3 Autoreclose Breaker Closed 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
68A4 Autoreclose Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
68A5 Autoreclose Pause 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
68A6 Autoreclose Incomplete Sequence Time 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 500
68A7 Autoreclose Block Breaker 2 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
68A8 Autoreclose Close Time Breaker 2 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 10
68A9 Autoreclose Transfer 1 to 2 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)


68AA Autoreclose Transfer 2 to 1 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
68AB Autoreclose Breaker 1 Fail Option 0 to 1 --- 1 F081 0 (Continue)
68AC Autoreclose Breaker 2 Fail Option 0 to 1 --- 1 F081 0 (Continue)
68AD Autoreclose 1P Dead Time 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 100
68AE Autoreclose Breaker Sequence 0 to 4 --- 1 F082 3 (1 - 2)
B 68AF
68B0
Autoreclose Transfer Time
Autoreclose Event
0 to 655.35
0 to 1
s
---
0.01
1
F001
F102
400
0 (Disabled)
68B1 Autoreclose 3P Dead Time 3 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 200
68B2 Autoreclose 3P Dead Time 4 0 to 655.35 s 0.01 F001 400
68B3 Autoreclose Bus Fault Initiate 0 to 65535 s 0.01 F300 0
68B4 Autoreclose Initiate Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F610 0 (Protection AND CB)
68B5 Reserved (11 items) --- --- --- F001 0
Phase Undervoltage (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (2 modules)
7000 Phase Undervoltage 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7001 Phase Undervoltage 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7002 Phase Undervoltage 1 Pickup 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 1000
7003 Phase Undervoltage 1 Curve 0 to 1 --- 1 F111 0 (Definite Time)
7004 Phase Undervoltage 1 Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7005 Phase Undervoltage 1 Minimum Voltage 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 100
7006 Phase Undervoltage 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7007 Phase Undervoltage 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7008 Phase Undervoltage 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7009 Phase Undervoltage 1 Measurement Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F186 0 (Phase to Ground)
700A Reserved (6 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
7013 ...Repeated for Phase Undervoltage 2
Phase Overvoltage (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
7040 Phase Overvoltage 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7041 Phase Overvoltage 1 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7042 Phase Overvoltage 1 Pickup 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 1000
7043 Phase Overvoltage 1 Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7044 Phase Overvoltage 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7045 Phase Overvoltage 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7046 Phase Overvoltage 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7047 Phase Overvoltage 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Distance (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
7060 Distance Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7061 Memory Duration 5 to 25 cycles 1 F001 10
7062 Force Self-Polarization 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7062 Force Memory Polarization 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Phase Distance (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (5 modules)
7070 Phase Distance Zone 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7071 Phase Distance Zone 1 Current Supervision 0.05 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 200
7072 Phase Distance Zone 1 Reach 0.02 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 200
7073 Phase Distance Zone 1 Direction 0 to 2 --- 1 F154 0 (Forward)
7074 Phase Distance Zone 1 Comparator Limit 30 to 90 degrees 1 F001 90
7075 Phase Distance Zone 1 Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
7076 Phase Distance Zone 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7077 Phase Distance Zone 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7078 Phase Distance Zone 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7079 Phase Distance Zone 1 Shape 0 to 1 --- 1 F120 0 (Mho)
707A Phase Distance Zone 1 RCA 30 to 90 degrees 1 F001 85
707B Phase Distance Zone 1 DIR RCA 30 to 90 degrees 1 F001 85
707C Phase Distance Zone 1 DIR Comp Limit 30 to 90 degrees 1 F001 90


707D Phase Distance Zone 1 Quad Right Blinder 0.02 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 1000
707E Phase Distance Zone 1 Quad Right Blinder RCA 60 to 90 degrees 1 F001 85
707F Phase Distance Zone 1 Quad Left Blinder 0.02 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 1000
7080 Phase Distance Zone 1 Quad Left Blinder RCA 60 to 90 degrees 1 F001 85
7081 Phase Distance Zone 1 Volt Limit 0 to 5 pu 0.001 F001 0
7082 Phase Distance Zone 1 Transformer Voltage Connection 0 to 12 --- 1 F153 0 (None) B
7083 Phase Distance Zone 1 Transformer Current Connection 0 to 12 --- 1 F153 0 (None)
7084 Phase Distance Zone 1 Rev Reach 0.02 to 500 ohms 0.01 F001 200
7085 Phase Distance Zone 1 Rev Reach RCA 30 to 90 degrees 1 F001 85
7086 Reserved (10 items) --- --- --- F001 0
7090 ...Repeated for Phase Distance Zone 2
70B0 ...Repeated for Phase Distance Zone 3
Line Pickup (Read/Write Grouped Setting)
71F0 Line Pickup Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
71F1 Line Pickup Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
71F2 Line Pickup Phase IOC Pickup 0 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1000
71F3 Line Pickup UV Pickup 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 700
71F4 Line End Open Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 150
71F5 Line End Open Reset Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 90
71F6 Line Pickup OV Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 40
71F7 Autoreclose Coordination Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 45
71F8 Autoreclose Coordination Reset Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 5
71F9 Autoreclose Coordination Bypass 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
71FA Line Pickup Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
71FB Line Pickup Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
71FC Line Pickup Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
71FD Terminal Open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
71FE Autoreclose Accelerate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Phase Directional Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (2 modules)
7260 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7261 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7262 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7263 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 ECA 0 to 359 --- 1 F001 30
7264 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 Pol V Threshold 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 700
7265 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 Block Overcurrent 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
7266 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7267 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7270 ...Repeated for Phase Directional Overcurrent 2
Neutral Directional Overcurrent (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (2 modules)
7280 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7281 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7282 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Polarizing 0 to 2 --- 1 F230 0 (Voltage)
7283 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Forward ECA -90 to 90 ° Lag 1 F002 75
7284 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Forward Limit Angle 40 to 90 degrees 1 F001 90
7285 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Forward Pickup 0.002 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 50
7286 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Reverse Limit Angle 40 to 90 degrees 1 F001 90
7287 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Reverse Pickup 0.002 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 50
7288 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7289 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
728A Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
728B Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Polarizing Voltage 0 to 1 --- 1 F231 0 (Calculated V0)
728C Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Op Current 0 to 1 --- 1 F196 0 (Calculated 3I0)
728D Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Offset 0 to 250 ohms 0.01 F001 0


728E Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 Pos Seq Restraint 0 to 0.5 --- 0.001 F001 63
728F Reserved 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
7290 ...Repeated for Neutral Directional Overcurrent 2
Negative-sequence directional overcurrent (read/write grouped settings) (2 modules)
72A0 Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
B 72A1
72A2
Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Source
Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Type
0 to 5
0 to 1
---
---
1
1
F167
F179
0 (SRC 1)
0 (Neg Sequence)
72A3 Neg Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Forward ECA 0 to 90 ° Lag 1 F002 75
72A4 Neg Seq Directional Overcurrent 1 Forward Limit Angle 40 to 90 degrees 1 F001 90
72A5 Neg Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Forward Pickup 0.015 to 30 pu 0.05 F001 5
72A6 Neg Seq Directional Overcurrent 1 Reverse Limit Angle 40 to 90 degrees 1 F001 90
72A7 Neg Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Reverse Pickup 0.015 to 30 pu 0.05 F001 5
72A8 Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
72A9 Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
72AA Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
72AB Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 Offset 0 to 250 ohms 0.01 F001 0
72AC Neg Seq Directional Overcurrent 1 Pos Seq Restraint 0 to 0.5 --- 0.001 F001 63
72AD Reserved (3 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
72B0 ...Repeated for Neg Seq Directional Overcurrent 2
Breaker Arcing Current Settings (Read/Write Setting)
72C0 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
72C1 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
72C2 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Initiate A 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
72C3 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Initiate B 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
72C4 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Initiate C 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
72C5 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
72C6 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Limit 0 to 50000 kA2-cyc 1 F001 1000
72C7 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
72C8 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
72C9 Breaker 1 Arcing Current Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
72CA ...Repeated for Breaker 2 Arcing Current
72D4 ...Repeated for Breaker 3 Arcing Current
72DE ...Repeated for Breaker 4 Arcing Current
dcmA Inputs (Read/Write Setting) (24 modules)
7300 dcmA Inputs 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7301 dcmA Inputs 1 ID --- --- --- F205 “DCMA I 1"
7307 Reserved 1 (4 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
730B dcmA Inputs 1 Units --- --- --- F206 “mA”
730E dcmA Inputs 1 Range 0 to 6 --- 1 F173 6 (4 to 20 mA)
730F dcmA Inputs 1 Minimum Value -9999.999 to 9999.999 --- 0.001 F004 4000
7311 dcmA Inputs 1 Maximum Value -9999.999 to 9999.999 --- 0.001 F004 20000
7318 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 2
73A8 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 8
73C0 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 9
73D8 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 10
73F0 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 11


74B0 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 19 B
74C8 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 20
74E0 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 21
74F8 ...Repeated for dcmA Inputs 22
Disconnect switches (read/write settings)
7540 Disconnect switch 1 function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7541 Disconnect switch 1 name --- --- --- F206 “SW 1"
7544 Disconnect switch 1 mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F157 0 (3-Pole)
7545 Disconnect switch 1 open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7546 Disconnect switch 1 block open 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7547 Disconnect switch 1 close 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7548 Disconnect switch 1 block close 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7549 Disconnect switch 1 phase A / three-pole closed 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
754A Disconnect switch 1 phase A / three-pole opened 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
754B Disconnect switch 1 phase B closed 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
754C Disconnect switch 1 phase B opened 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
754D Disconnect switch 1 phase C closed 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
754E Disconnect switch 1 phase C opened 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
754F Disconnect switch 1 operate time 0 to 2 s 0.001 F001 70
7550 Disconnect switch 1 alarm delay 0 to 1000000 s 0.001 F003 0
7552 Disconnect switch 1 events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7553 Reserved (2 items) --- --- --- --- ---
7555 ...Repeated for disconnect switch 2
756A ...Repeated for disconnect switch 3
757F ...Repeated for disconnect switch 4
75A9 ...Repeated for disconnect switch 6
75BE ...Repeated for disconnect switch 7
75D3 ...Repeated for disconnect switch 8
75E8 ...Repeated for disconnect switch 9
75FD ...Repeated for disconnect switch 10
763C ...Repeated for disconnect switch 13
767B ...Repeated for disconnect switch 16
User Programmable Pushbuttons (Read/Write Setting) (16 modules)
7B60 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Function 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 2 (Disabled)
7B61 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Top Line --- --- --- F202 (none)
7B6B User Programmable Pushbutton 1 On Text --- --- --- F202 (none)
7B75 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Off Text --- --- --- F202 (none)
7B7F User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Drop-Out Time 0 to 60 s 0.05 F001 0
7B80 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7B81 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7B82 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 LED Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7B83 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Autoreset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.05 F001 0


7B84 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Autoreset Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7B85 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Local Lock 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7B86 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Message Priority 0 to 2 --- 1 F220 0 (Disabled)
7B87 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Remote Lock 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7B88 User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
B 7B89
7B8A
User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Set
User Programmable Pushbutton 1 Hold
0 to 65535
0 to 10
---
s
1
0.1
F300
F001
0
1
7B8B ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 2
7BB6 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 3
7BE1 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 4
7C0C ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 5
7C37 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 6
7C62 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 7
7C8D ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 8
7CB8 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 9
7CE3 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 10
7D0E ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 11
7D39 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 12
7D64 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 13
7D8F ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 14
7DBA ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 15
7DE5 ...Repeated for User Programmable Pushbutton 16
Neutral Overvoltage (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (3 modules)
7F00 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7F01 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7F02 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Pickup 0 to 3.00 pu 0.001 F001 300
7F03 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Pickup Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7F04 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7F05 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7F06 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7F07 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7F08 Neutral Overvoltage 1 Curves 0 to 3 --- 1 F116 0 (Definite Time)
7F09 Reserved (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
7F10 ...Repeated for Neutral Overvoltage 2
7F20 ...Repeated for Neutral Overvoltage 3
Auxiliary Overvoltage (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (3 modules)
7F30 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7F31 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7F32 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Pickup 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 300
7F33 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Pickup Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7F34 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7F35 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7F36 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7F37 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7F40 ...Repeated for Auxiliary Overvoltage 2
7F50 ...Repeated for Auxiliary Overvoltage 3
Auxiliary Undervoltage (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (3 modules)
7F60 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7F61 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Signal Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
7F62 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Pickup 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 700
7F63 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
7F64 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Curve 0 to 1 --- 1 F111 0 (Definite Time)
7F65 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Minimum Voltage 0 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 100


7F66 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
7F67 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
7F68 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
7F70 ...Repeated for Auxiliary Undervoltage 2
7F80 ...Repeated for Auxiliary Undervoltage 3 B
Frequency (Read Only)
8000 Tracking Frequency --- Hz --- F001 0
Breaker Failure (Read/Write Grouped Setting) (2 modules)
8600 Breaker Failure 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
8601 Breaker Failure 1 Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F157 0 (3-Pole)
8602 Breaker Failure 1 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
8603 Breaker Failure 1 Amp Supervision 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 1 (Yes)
8604 Breaker Failure 1 Use Seal-In 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 1 (Yes)
8605 Breaker Failure 1 Three Pole Initiate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8606 Breaker Failure 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8607 Breaker Failure 1 Phase Amp Supv Pickup 0.001 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1050
8608 Breaker Failure 1 Neutral Amp Supv Pickup 0.001 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1050
8609 Breaker Failure 1 Use Timer 1 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 1 (Yes)
860A Breaker Failure 1 Timer 1 Pickup 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
860B Breaker Failure 1 Use Timer 2 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 1 (Yes)
860C Breaker Failure 1 Timer 2 Pickup 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
860D Breaker Failure 1 Use Timer 3 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 1 (Yes)
860E Breaker Failure 1 Timer 3 Pickup 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
860F Breaker Failure 1 Breaker Status 1 Phase A/3P 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8610 Breaker Failure 1 Breaker Status 2 Phase A/3P 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8611 Breaker Failure 1 Breaker Test On 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8612 Breaker Failure 1 Phase Amp Hiset Pickup 0.001 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1050
8613 Breaker Failure 1 Neutral Amp Hiset Pickup 0.001 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1050
8614 Breaker Failure 1 Phase Amp Loset Pickup 0.001 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1050
8615 Breaker Failure 1 Neutral Amp Loset Pickup 0.001 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1050
8616 Breaker Failure 1 Loset Time 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
8617 Breaker Failure 1 Trip Dropout Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
8618 Breaker Failure 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
8619 Breaker Failure 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
861A Breaker Failure 1 Phase A Initiate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
861B Breaker Failure 1 Phase B Initiate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
861C Breaker Failure 1 Phase C Initiate 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
861D Breaker Failure 1 Breaker Status 1 Phase B 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
861E Breaker Failure 1 Breaker Status 1 Phase C 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
861F Breaker Failure 1 Breaker Status 2 Phase B 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8620 Breaker Failure 1 Breaker Status 2 Phase C 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8621 ...Repeated for Breaker Failure 2
86A5 ...Repeated for Breaker Failure 6
FlexState Settings (Read/Write Setting)
8800 FlexState Parameters (256 items) --- --- --- F300 0
Digital Elements (Read/Write Setting) (48 modules)
8A00 Digital Element 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
8A01 Digital Element 1 Name --- --- --- F203 “Dig Element 1“
8A09 Digital Element 1 Input 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8A0A Digital Element 1 Pickup Delay 0 to 999999.999 s 0.001 F003 0


8A0C Digital Element 1 Reset Delay 0 to 999999.999 s 0.001 F003 0
8A0E Digital Element 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8A0F Digital Element 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
8A10 Digital Element 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
8A11 Digital Element 1 Pickup LED 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
B 8A12
8A14
Reserved (2 items)
...Repeated for Digital Element 2
--- --- --- F001 0
8A28 ...Repeated for Digital Element 3

8A3C ...Repeated for Digital Element 4
8A8C ...Repeated for Digital Element 8
8AA0 ...Repeated for Digital Element 9
8AB4 ...Repeated for Digital Element 10
8AC8 ...Repeated for Digital Element 11
8ADC ...Repeated for Digital Element 12
8AF0 ...Repeated for Digital Element 13
8B04 ...Repeated for Digital Element 14
8B2C ...Repeated for Digital Element 16
8B7C ...Repeated for Digital Element 20
8BA4 ...Repeated for Digital Element 22
8BB8 ...Repeated for Digital Element 23
8BCC ...Repeated for Digital Element 24
8BE0 ...Repeated for Digital Element 25
8BF4 ...Repeated for Digital Element 26
8C08 ...Repeated for Digital Element 27
8C1C ...Repeated for Digital Element 28
8C6C ...Repeated for Digital Element 32
8CA8 ...Repeated for Digital Element 35
8CBC ...Repeated for Digital Element 36
8CD0 ...Repeated for Digital Element 37
8CE4 ...Repeated for Digital Element 38
8CF8 ...Repeated for Digital Element 39
8D0C ...Repeated for Digital Element 40
8D20 ...Repeated for Digital Element 41
8D5C ...Repeated for Digital Element 44
8DAC ...Repeated for Digital Element 48


Trip Bus (Read/Write Setting)
8E00 Trip Bus 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
8E01 Trip Bus 1 Block --- --- --- F300 0
8E02 Trip Bus 1 Pickup Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
8E03 Trip Bus 1 Reset Delay 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 0
8E04 Trip Bus 1 Input 1 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0 B
8E05 Trip Bus 1 Input 2 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E0A Trip Bus 1 Input 7 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E0B Trip Bus 1 Input 8 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E0C Trip Bus 1 Input 9 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E0D Trip Bus 1 Input 10 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E0E Trip Bus 1 Input 11 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E0F Trip Bus 1 Input 12 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E14 Trip Bus 1 Latching 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
8E15 Trip Bus 1 Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
8E16 Trip Bus 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
8E16 Trip Bus 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
8E18 Reserved (8 items) --- --- --- F001 0
8E20 ...Repeated for Trip Bus 2
8EA0 ...Repeated for Trip Bus 6
FlexElement (Read/Write Setting) (16 modules)
9000 FlexElement™ 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
9001 FlexElement™ 1 Name --- --- --- F206 “FxE 1”
9004 FlexElement™ 1 InputP 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
9005 FlexElement™ 1 InputM 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
9006 FlexElement™ 1 Compare 0 to 1 --- 1 F516 0 (LEVEL)
9007 FlexElement™ 1 Input 0 to 1 --- 1 F515 0 (SIGNED)
9008 FlexElement™ 1 Direction 0 to 1 --- 1 F517 0 (OVER)
9009 FlexElement™ 1 Hysteresis 0.1 to 50 % 0.1 F001 30
900A FlexElement™ 1 Pickup -90 to 90 pu 0.001 F004 1000
900C FlexElement™ 1 DeltaT Units 0 to 2 --- 1 F518 0 (Milliseconds)
900D FlexElement™ 1 DeltaT 20 to 86400 --- 1 F003 20
900F FlexElement™ 1 Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
9010 FlexElement™ 1 Reset Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
9011 FlexElement™ 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
9012 FlexElement™ 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
9013 FlexElement™ 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
9014 ...Repeated for FlexElement™ 2
903C ...Repeated for FlexElement™ 4


90A0 ...Repeated for FlexElement™ 9
90B4 ...Repeated for FlexElement™ 10
90C8 ...Repeated for FlexElement™ 11
90DC ...Repeated for FlexElement™ 12
B 90F0
9104
...Repeated for FlexElement™ 13
...Repeated for FlexElement™ 14
Fault Report Settings (Read/Write Setting) (up to 5 modules)
9200 Fault Report 1 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
9201 Fault Report 1 Trigger 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
9202 Fault Report 1 Z1 Magnitude 0.01 to 250 ohms 0.01 F001 300
9203 Fault Report 1 Z1 Angle 25 to 90 degrees 1 F001 75
9204 Fault Report 1 Z0 Magnitude 0.01 to 650 ohms 0.01 F001 900
9205 Fault Report 1 Z0 Angle 25 to 90 degrees 1 F001 75
9206 Fault Report 1 Line Length Units 0 to 1 --- 1 F147 0 (km)
9207 Fault Report 1 Line Length 0 to 2000 0.1 F001 1000
9208 Fault Report 1 VT Substitution 0 to 2 --- 1 F270 0 (None)
9208 Fault Report 1 System Z0 Magnitude 0.01 to 650.00 ohms 0.01 F001 900
9208 Fault Report 1 System Z0 Angle 25 to 90 degrees 1 F001 75
920B ...Repeated for Fault Report 2
9216 ...Repeated for Fault Report 3
9221 ...Repeated for Fault Report 4
922C ...Repeated for Fault Report 5
dcmA Outputs (Read/Write Setting) (24 modules)
9300 dcmA Output 1 Source 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
9301 dcmA Output 1 Range 0 to 2 --- 1 F522 0 (–1 to 1 mA)
9302 dcmA Output 1 Minimum –90 to 90 pu 0.001 F004 0
9304 dcmA Output 1 Maximum –90 to 90 pu 0.001 F004 1000
9306 ...Repeated for dcmA Output 2
930C ...Repeated for dcmA Output 3
931E ...Repeated for dcmA Output 6
932A ...Repeated for dcmA Output 8


IEC 61850 received integers (read/write setting registers)
9910 IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 1 default value 0 to 429496295 --- 1 F003 1000
9912 IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger input 1 mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F491 0 (Default Value)
9913 ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 2
9919 ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 4 B
991C ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 5
991F ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 6
992B ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 10
992E ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 11
993A ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 15
993D ...Repeated for IEC61850 GOOSE UInteger 16
FlexElement Actuals (Read Only) (16 modules)
9A01 FlexElement™ 1 Actual -2147483.647 to 2147483.647 --- 0.001 F004 0
9A0B FlexElement™ 6 Actual -2147483.647 to 2147483.647 --- 0.001 F004 0
9A0D FlexElement™ 7 Actual -2147483.647 to 2147483.647 --- 0.001 F004 0
9A0F FlexElement™ 8 Actual -2147483.647 to 2147483.647 --- 0.001 F004 0
VT Fuse Failure (Read/Write Setting) (6 modules)
A040 VT Fuse Failure Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A041 ...Repeated for module number 2
Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT) settings (read/write)
A070 POTT Scheme Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A071 POTT Permissive Echo 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A072 POTT Rx Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 0
A073 POTT Transient Block Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 20
A074 POTT Transient Block Reset Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 90
A075 POTT Echo Duration 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 100
A076 POTT Line End Open Pickup Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 50
A077 POTT Seal In Delay 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 400
A078 POTT Ground Direction OC Forward 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A079 POTT Rx 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A07A POTT Echo Lockout 0 to 65.535 s 0.001 F001 250
A07B POTT Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
A07C POTT Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Selector switch actual values (read only)
A210 Selector switch 1 position 1 to 7 --- 1 F001 0
A211 Selector switch 2 position 1 to 7 --- 1 F001 1
Selector switch settings (read/write, 2 modules)
A280 Selector 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A281 Selector 1 Range 1 to 7 --- 1 F001 7


A282 Selector 1 Timeout 3 to 60 s 0.1 F001 50
A283 Selector 1 Step Up 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A284 Selector 1 Step Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F083 0 (Time-out)
A285 Selector 1 Acknowledge 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A286 Selector 1 Bit0 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
B A287
A288
Selector 1 Bit1
Selector 1 Bit2
0 to 65535
0 to 65535
---
---
1
1
F300
F300
0
0
A289 Selector 1 Bit Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F083 0 (Time-out)
A28A Selector 1 Bit Acknowledge 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A28B Selector 1 Power Up Mode 0 to 2 --- 1 F084 0 (Restore)
A28C Selector 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
A28D Selector 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A28E Reserved (10 items) --- --- 1 F001 0
A298 ...Repeated for Selector 2
DNP/IEC Points (Read/Write Setting)
A300 DNP/IEC 60870-5-104 Binary Input Points (256 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A400 DNP/IEC 60870-5-104 Analog Input Points (256 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Flexcurves C and D (Read/Write Setting)
A600 FlexCurve C (120 items) 0 to 65535 ms 1 F011 0
A680 FlexCurve D (120 items) 0 to 65535 ms 1 F011 0
Non Volatile Latches (Read/Write Setting) (16 modules)
A700 Non-Volatile Latch 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A701 Non-Volatile Latch 1 Type 0 to 1 --- 1 F519 0 (Reset Dominant)
A702 Non-Volatile Latch 1 Set 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A703 Non-Volatile Latch 1 Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A704 Non-Volatile Latch 1 Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
A705 Non-Volatile Latch 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A706 Reserved (4 items) --- --- --- F001 0
A70A ...Repeated for Non-Volatile Latch 2
A714 ...Repeated for Non-Volatile Latch 3
A71E ...Repeated for Non-Volatile Latch 4
A73C ...Repeated for Non-Volatile Latch 7
A75A ...Repeated for Non-Volatile Latch 10
A76E ...Repeated for Non-Volatile Latch 12
A78C ...Repeated for Non-Volatile Latch 15
Digital Counter (Read/Write Setting) (8 modules)
A800 Digital Counter 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
A801 Digital Counter 1 Name --- --- --- F205 “Counter 1"
A807 Digital Counter 1 Units --- --- --- F206 (none)
A80A Digital Counter 1 Block 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A80B Digital Counter 1 Up 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A80C Digital Counter 1 Down 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A80D Digital Counter 1 Preset –2147483647 to --- 1 F004 0
2147483647
A80F Digital Counter 1 Compare –2147483647 to --- 1 F004 0
2147483647
A811 Digital Counter 1 Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0


A812 Digital Counter 1 Freeze/Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A813 Digital Counter 1 Freeze/Count 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A814 Digital Counter 1 Set To Preset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
A815 Reserved (11 items) --- --- --- F001 0
A820 ...Repeated for Digital Counter 2
A840 ...Repeated for Digital Counter 3 B
A8A0 ...Repeated for Digital Counter 6
A8C0 ...Repeated for Digital Counter 7
A8E0 ...Repeated for Digital Counter 8
IEC 61850 received analog settings (read/write)
AA00 IEC 61850 GOOSE analog 1 default value –1000000 to 1000000 --- 0.001 F060 1000
AA02 IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 1 mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F491 0 (Default Value)
AA03 IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 1 units --- --- --- F207 (none)
AA05 IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 1 per-unit base 0 to 999999999.999 --- 0.001 F060 1
AA07 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 2
AA0E ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 3
AA1C ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 5
AA2A ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 7
AA3F ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 10
AA4D ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 12
AA5B ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GOOSE analog input 14
IEC 61850 XCBR configuration (read/write settings)
AB24 Operand for IEC 61850 XCBR1.ST.Loc status 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
AB25 Command to clear XCBR1 OpCnt (operation counter) 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
AB2A Operand for IEC 61850 XCBR4.ST.Loc status 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
AB2B Command to clear XCBR4 OpCnt (operation counter) 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
AB2C Operand for IEC 61850 XCBR5.ST.Loc status 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
AB2D Command to clear XCBR5 OpCnt (operation counter) 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
AB2E Operand for IEC 61850 XCBR6.ST.Loc status 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
AB2F Command to clear XCBR6 OpCnt (operation counter) 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
IEC 61850 LN name prefixes (read/write settings)
AB30 IEC 61850 logical node LPHD1 name prefix 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AB33 IEC 61850 logical node PIOCx name prefix (72 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AC0B IEC 61850 logical node PTOCx name prefix (24 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AC53 IEC 61850 logical node PTUVx name prefix (13 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AC7A IEC 61850 logical node PTOVx name prefix (10 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AC98 IEC 61850 logical node PDISx name prefix (10 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
ACB6 IEC 61850 logical node RBRFx name prefix (24 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
ACFE IEC 61850 logical node RPSBx name prefix 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AD01 IEC 61850 logical node RRECx name prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)


AD13 IEC 61850 logical node MMXUx name prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AD25 IEC 61850 logical node GGIOx name prefix (5 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AD34 IEC 61850 logical node RFLOx name prefix (5 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AD43 IEC 61850 logical node XCBRx name prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AD55 IEC 61850 logical node PTRCx name prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
B AD67
AD73
IEC 61850 logical node PDIFx name prefix (6 items)
IEC 61850 logical node MMXNx name prefix (6 items)
0 to 65534
0 to 65534
---
---
1
1
F206
F206
(none)
(none)
ADE2 IEC 61850 logical node CSWIx name prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
AE3C IEC 61850 logical node XSWIx name prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (none)
IEC 61850 XSWI configuration (read/write settings)
AECF Operand for IEC 61850 XSWI1.ST.Loc status 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
AED0 Command to clear XSWI1 OpCnt (operation counter) 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
AED1 Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI2
AEDB Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI7
AEDD Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI8
AEDF Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI9
AEE1 Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI10
AEEB Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI15
AEED Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI16
AEEF Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI17
AEF1 Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI18
AEFB Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI23
AEFD Repeated for IEC 61850 XSWI24
IEC 61850 GGIO4 general analog configuration settings (read/write)
AF00 Number of analog points in GGIO4 4 to 32 --- 4 F001 4
IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input points configuration settings (read/write)
AF10 IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 1 value --- --- --- F600 0
AF11 IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 1 deadband 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 100000
AF13 IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 1 minimum –1000000000000 to --- 0.001 F060 0
1000000000000
AF15 IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 1 maximum –1000000000000 to --- 0.001 F060 1000000
1000000000000
AF17 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 2
AF1E ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 3
AF2C ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 5
AF3A ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 7
AF4F ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 10
AF5D ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 12


AF6B ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 14
AF87 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 18 B
AF8E ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 19
AF9C ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 21
AFA3 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 22
AFAA ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 23
AFB1 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 24
AFB8 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 25
AFBF ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 26
AFC6 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 27
AFCD ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 28
AFD4 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 29
AFDB ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 30
AFE2 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 31
AFE9 ...Repeated for IEC 61850 GGIO4 analog input 32
IEC 61850 Logical Node Name Prefixes (Read/Write Setting)
AB30 IEC 61850 Logical Node LPHD1 Name Prefix 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AB33 IEC 61850 Logical Node PIOCx Name Prefix (72 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AC0B IEC 61850 Logical Node PTOCx Name Prefix (24 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AC53 IEC 61850 Logical Node PTUVx Name Prefix (12 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AC77 IEC 61850 Logical Node PTOVx Name Prefix (8 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AC8F IEC 61850 Logical Node PDISx Name Prefix (10 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
ACAD IEC 61850 Logical Node RRBFx Name Prefix (24 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
ACF5 IEC 61850 Logical Node RPSBx Name Prefix 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
ACF8 IEC 61850 Logical Node RRECx Name Prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AD0A IEC 61850 Logical Node MMXUx Name Prefix (6 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AD1C IEC 61850 Logical Node GGIOx Name Prefix (4 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AD28 IEC 61850 Logical Node RFLOx Name Prefix (5 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AD37 IEC 61850 Logical Node XCBRx Name Prefix (2 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AD3D IEC 61850 Logical Node PTRCx Name Prefix (2 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AD43 IEC 61850 Logical Node PDIFx Name Prefix (4 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
AD4F IEC 61850 Logical Node MMXNx Name Prefix (37 items) 0 to 65534 --- 1 F206 (None)
IEC 61850 GOOSE/GSSE Configuration (Read/Write Setting)
B01C Default GOOSE/GSSE Update Time 1 to 60 s 1 F001 60
B01D IEC 61850 GSSE Function (GsEna) 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
B013 IEC 61850 GSSE ID --- --- --- F209 “GSSEOut”
B03F IEC 61850 GOOSE Function (GoEna) 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
B040 IEC 61850 GSSE Destination MAC Address --- --- --- F072 0
B043 IEC 61850 Standard GOOSE ID --- --- --- F209 “GOOSEOut”
B064 IEC 61850 Standard GOOSE Destination MAC Address --- --- --- F072 0
B067 IEC 61850 GOOSE VLAN Transmit Priority 0 to 7 --- 1 F001 4
B068 IEC 61850 GOOSE VLAN ID 0 to 4095 --- 1 F001 0
B069 IEC 61850 GOOSE ETYPE APPID 0 to 16383 --- 1 F001 0
B06A Reserved (2 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
IEC 61850 Server Configuration (Read/Write Settings/Commands)
B06C TCP Port Number for the IEC 61850 / MMS Protocol 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 102
B06D IEC 61850 Logical Device Name --- --- --- F213 “IECName”
B07D IEC 61850 Logical Device Instance --- --- --- F213 “LDInst”
B08D IEC 61850 LPHD Location --- --- --- F204 “Location”


B0B5 Include non-IEC 61850 Data 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
B06B IEC 61850 Server Data Scanning Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
B0B7 Reserved (15 items)
IEC 61850 MMXU Deadbands (Read/Write Setting) (6 modules)
B0C0 IEC 61850 MMXU TotW Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B B0C2
B0C4
IEC 61850 MMXU TotVAr Deadband 1
IEC 61850 MMXU TotVA Deadband 1
0.001 to 100
0.001 to 100
%
%
0.001
0.001
F003
F003
10000
10000
B0C6 IEC 61850 MMXU TotPF Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0C8 IEC 61850 MMXU Hz Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0CA IEC 61850 MMXU PPV.phsAB Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0CC IEC 61850 MMXU PPV.phsBC Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0CE IEC 61850 MMXU PPV.phsCA Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0D0 IEC 61850 MMXU PhV.phsADeadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0D2 IEC 61850 MMXU PhV.phsB Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0D4 IEC 61850 MMXU PhV.phsC Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0D6 IEC 61850 MMXU A.phsA Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0D8 IEC 61850 MMXU A.phsB Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0DA IEC 61850 MMXU A.phsC Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0DC IEC 61850 MMXU A.neut Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0DE IEC 61850 MMXU W.phsA Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0E0 IEC 61850 MMXU W.phsB Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0E2 IEC 61850 MMXU W.phsC Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0E4 IEC 61850 MMXU VAr.phsA Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0E6 IEC 61850 MMXU VAr.phsB Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0E8 IEC 61850 MMXU VAr.phsC Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0EA IEC 61850 MMXU VA.phsA Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0EC IEC 61850 MMXU VA.phsB Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0EE IEC 61850 MMXU VA.phsC Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0F0 IEC 61850 MMXU PF.phsA Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0F2 IEC 61850 MMXU PF.phsB Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0F4 IEC 61850 MMXU PF.phsC Deadband 1 0.001 to 100 % 0.001 F003 10000
B0F6 ...Repeated for Deadband 2
B12C ...Repeated for Deadband 3
B162 ...Repeated for Deadband 4
B198 ...Repeated for Deadband 5
B1CE ...Repeated for Deadband 6
IEC 61850 Report Settings (Read/Write Setting) (14 modules)
B280 IEC 61850 Report Control 1 RptID --- --- --- F209
B2A1 IEC 61850 Report Control 1 OptFlds 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
B2A2 IEC 61850 Report Control 1 BufTm 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
B2A4 IEC 61850 Report Control 1 TrgOps 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
B2A5 IEC 61850 Report Control 1 IntgPd 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
B2A7 ...Repeated for Report 2
B2CE ...Repeated for Report 3
B2F5 ...Repeated for Report 4
B31C ...Repeated for Report 5
B343 ...Repeated for Report 6
B36A ...Repeated for Report 7
B3B8 ...Repeated for Report 9
B3DF ...Repeated for Report 10
B42D ...Repeated for Report 12


B47B ...Repeated for Report 14
B4A2 ...Repeated for Report 15
B4C9 ...Repeated for Report 16
IEC 61850 GGIO1 Configuration Settings (Read/Write Setting)
B500 Number of Status Indications in GGIO1 8 to 128 --- 8 F001 8
B501 IEC 61850 GGIO1 Indication operands (128 items) --- --- 1 F300 0 B
IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE Transmission (Read/Write Setting) (8 modules)
B5A0 IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (None)
B5A1 IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE ID --- --- --- F209 “GOOSEOut_x_”
B5C2 Configurable GOOSE Destination MAC Address --- --- --- F072 0
B5C5 IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE VLAN Transmit Priority 0 to 7 --- 1 F001 4
B5C6 IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE VLAN ID 0 to 4095 --- 1 F001 0
B5C7 IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE ETYPE APPID 0 to 16383 --- 1 F001 0
B5C8 IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE ConfRev 1 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 1
B5CA IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE Retransmission Curve 0 to 3 --- 1 F611 3 (Relaxed)
B5CB Configurable GOOSE Dataset Items for Transmission 0 to 542 --- 1 F232 0 (None)
(64 items)
B60B ...Repeated for Module 2
B676 ...Repeated for Module 3
B6E1 ...Repeated for Module 4
B74C ...Repeated for Module 5
B7B7 ...Repeated for Module 6
B88D ...Repeated for Module 8
IEC 61850 Configurable GOOSE Reception (Read/Write Setting) (8 modules)
B900 Configurable GOOSE Dataset Items for Transmission 0 to 128 --- 1 F233 0 (None)
B9C0 ...Repeated for Module 4
BA00 ...Repeated for Module 5
BAC0 ...Repeated for Module 8
Contact Inputs (Read/Write Setting) (96 modules)
BB00 Contact Input 1 Name --- --- --- F205 “Cont Ip 1“
BB06 Contact Input 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
BB07 Contact Input 1 Debounce Time 0 to 16 ms 0.5 F001 20
BB08 ...Repeated for Contact Input 2


BBA0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 21
BBA8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 22
BBB0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 23
B BBB8
BBC0
...Repeated for Contact Input 24
...Repeated for Contact Input 25
BBC8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 26
BBD0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 27
BBD8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 28
BBE0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 29
BBE8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 30
BBF0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 31
BBF8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 32
BC00 ...Repeated for Contact Input 33
BCA0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 53
BCA8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 54
BCB0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 55
BCB8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 56
BCC0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 57
BCC8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 58
BCD0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 59
BCD8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 60
BCE0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 61
BCE8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 62
BCF0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 63
BCF8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 64
BD00 ...Repeated for Contact Input 65


BD68 ...Repeated for Contact Input 78 B
BDA0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 85
BDA8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 86
BDB0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 87
BDB8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 88
BDC0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 89
BDC8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 90
BDD0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 91
BDD8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 92
BDE0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 93
BDE8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 94
BDF0 ...Repeated for Contact Input 95
BDF8 ...Repeated for Contact Input 96
Contact Input Thresholds (Read/Write Setting)
BE00 Contact Input n Threshold, n = 1 to 24 (24 items) 0 to 3 --- 1 F128 1 (33 Vdc)
Virtual Inputs (Read/Write Setting) (64 modules)
BE30 Virtual Input 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
BE31 Virtual Input 1 Name --- --- --- F205 “Virt Ip 1“
BE37 Virtual Input 1 Programmed Type 0 to 1 --- 1 F127 0 (Latched)
BE38 Virtual Input 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
BE39 Reserved (3 items) --- --- --- F001 0
BE3C ...Repeated for Virtual Input 2
BE48 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 3
BEA8 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 11
BEB4 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 12
BEC0 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 13
BECC ...Repeated for Virtual Input 14
BED8 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 15
BEE4 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 16
BEF0 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 17
BEFC ...Repeated for Virtual Input 18
BF08 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 19
BF2C ...Repeated for Virtual Input 22


BF5C ...Repeated for Virtual Input 26
B BF80
BF8C
...Repeated for Virtual Input 29
...Repeated for Virtual Input 30
BFA4 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 32
BFB0 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 33
BFBC ...Repeated for Virtual Input 34
BFC8 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 35
BFD4 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 36
BFE0 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 37
BFEC ...Repeated for Virtual Input 38
BFF8 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 39
C004 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 40
C01C ...Repeated for Virtual Input 42
C0A0 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 53
C0AC ...Repeated for Virtual Input 54
C0B8 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 55
C0C4 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 56
C0D0 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 57
C0DC ...Repeated for Virtual Input 58
C0E8 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 59
C0F4 ...Repeated for Virtual Input 60
Virtual Outputs (Read/Write Setting) (96 modules)
C130 Virtual Output 1 Name --- --- --- F205 “Virt Op 1 “
C136 Virtual Output 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
C137 Reserved --- --- --- F001 0
C138 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 2


C1A0 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 15
C1A8 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 16 B
C1B0 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 17
C1C0 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 19
C1D0 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 21
C1E0 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 23
C1F0 ...Repeated for Virtual Output 25


B C358
C360
...Repeated for Virtual Output 70
...Repeated for Virtual Output 71
Mandatory (Read/Write Setting)
C430 Test Mode Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F245 0 (Disabled)
C431 Force VFD and LED 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
C432 Test Mode Forcing 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 1
Clear commands (read/write)
C433 Clear All Relay Records Command 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Synchrophasor actual values (read only)
C435 Synchrophasors active 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Contact Outputs (Read/Write Setting) (64 modules)
C440 Contact Output 1 Name --- --- --- F205 “Cont Op 1"
C446 Contact Output 1 Operation 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C447 Contact Output 1 Seal In 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C448 Latching Output 1 Reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C449 Contact Output 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
C44A Latching Output 1 Type 0 to 1 --- 1 F090 0 (Operate-dominant)
C44B Reserved --- --- --- F001 0
C44C ...Repeated for Contact Output 2
C458 ...Repeated for Contact Output 3


C4A0 ...Repeated for Contact Output 9
C4AC ...Repeated for Contact Output 10
C4B8 ...Repeated for Contact Output 11
C4C4 ...Repeated for Contact Output 12
C4D0 ...Repeated for Contact Output 13 B
C4DC ...Repeated for Contact Output 14
C4E8 ...Repeated for Contact Output 15
C4F4 ...Repeated for Contact Output 16
C5CC ...Repeated for Contact Output 34
C5D8 ...Repeated for Contact Output 35
C5FC ...Repeated for Contact Output 38
C6BC ...Repeated for Contact Output 54
C6D4 ...Repeated for Contact Output 56
C6EC ...Repeated for Contact Output 58


Reset (Read/Write Setting)
C750 FlexLogic™ operand which initiates a reset 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
B Control Pushbuttons (Read/Write Setting) (7 modules)

C760 Control Pushbutton 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
C761 Control Pushbutton 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
C762 ...Repeated for Control Pushbutton 2
C76A ...Repeated for Control Pushbutton 6
C76C ...Repeated for Control Pushbutton 7
Clear Records (Read/Write Setting)
C770 Clear Fault Reports operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C772 Clear Event Records operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C773 Clear Oscillography operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C774 Clear Data Logger operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C775 Clear Breaker 1 Arcing Current operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C77B Clear Demand operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C77C Clear Channel Status operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C77D Clear Energy operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C77F Clear Unauthorized Access operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C782 Reserved (13 items) --- --- --- F001 0
Force Contact Inputs/Outputs (Read/Write Settings)
C7A0 Force Contact Input x State (96 items) 0 to 2 --- 1 F144 0 (Disabled)
C800 Force Contact Output x State (64 items) 0 to 3 --- 1 F131 0 (Disabled)
Channel Tests (Read/Write)
C840 Local Loopback Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
C841 Local Loopback Channel 1 to 2 --- 1 F001 1
C842 Remote Loopback Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
C843 Remote Loopback Channel 1 to 2 --- 1 F001 1
C844 Remote Diagnostics Transmit 0 to 2 --- 1 F223 0 (NO TEST)
Direct Input/Output Settings (Read/Write Setting)
C850 Direct Input Default States (8 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
C858 Direct Input Default States (8 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
C860 Direct Output x 1 Operand (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
C868 Direct Output x 2 Operand (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Remote Devices (Read/Write Setting) (16 modules)
CB00 Remote Device 1 GSSE/GOOSE Application ID --- --- --- F209 “Remote Device 1“
CB21 Remote Device 1 GOOSE Ethernet APPID 0 to 16383 --- 1 F001 0
CB22 Remote Device 1 GOOSE Dataset 0 to 8 --- 1 F184 0 (Fixed)
CB23 Remote Device 1 in PMU Scheme 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
CB24 ...Repeated for Device 2
CB6C ...Repeated for Device 4
CBB4 ...Repeated for Device 6
CBD8 ...Repeated for Device 7
CBFC ...Repeated for Device 8


CC20 ...Repeated for Device 9
CC8C ...Repeated for Device 12
CCB0 ...Repeated for Device 13
CCD4 ...Repeated for Device 14 B
CCF8 ...Repeated for Device 15
CD1C ...Repeated for Device 16
Remote Inputs (Read/Write Setting) (64 modules)
CFA0 Remote Input 1 Device 1 to 16 --- 1 F001 1
CFA1 Remote Input 1 Item 0 to 64 --- 1 F156 0 (None)
CFA2 Remote Input 1 Default State 0 to 3 --- 1 F086 0 (Off)
CFA3 Remote Input 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
CFA4 Remote Input 1 Name 1 to 64 --- 1 F205 “Rem Ip 1”
CFAA ...Repeated for Remote Input 2
CFB4 ...Repeated for Remote Input 3
CFBE ...Repeated for Remote Input 4
CFC8 ...Repeated for Remote Input 5
CFD2 ...Repeated for Remote Input 6
CFDC ...Repeated for Remote Input 7
CFE6 ...Repeated for Remote Input 8
CFF0 ...Repeated for Remote Input 9
CFFA ...Repeated for Remote Input 10
D004 ...Repeated for Remote Input 11
D00E ...Repeated for Remote Input 12
D02C ...Repeated for Remote Input 15
D04A ...Repeated for Remote Input 18
D05E ...Repeated for Remote Input 20
D07C ...Repeated for Remote Input 23
D09A ...Repeated for Remote Input 26
D0A4 ...Repeated for Remote Input 27
D0AE ...Repeated for Remote Input 28
D0B8 ...Repeated for Remote Input 29
D0C2 ...Repeated for Remote Input 30
D0CC ...Repeated for Remote Input 31
D0D6 ...Repeated for Remote Input 32
Remote Output DNA Pairs (Read/Write Setting) (32 modules)
D220 Remote Output DNA 1 Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
D221 Remote Output DNA 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
D222 Reserved (2 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
D224 ...Repeated for Remote Output 2
D22C ...Repeated for Remote Output 4


B D24C
D250
...Repeated for Remote Output 12
...Repeated for Remote Output 13
Remote Output UserSt Pairs (Read/Write Setting) (32 modules)
D2A0 Remote Output UserSt 1 Operand 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
D2A1 Remote Output UserSt 1 Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
D2A2 Reserved (2 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F001 0
D2A4 ...Repeated for Remote Output 2
D2A8 ...Repeated for Remote Output 3
D2AC ...Repeated for Remote Output 4
D2B0 ...Repeated for Remote Output 5
D2BC ...Repeated for Remote Output 8
D2C0 ...Repeated for Remote Output 9
D2CC ...Repeated for Remote Output 12
D2D0 ...Repeated for Remote Output 13
D2DC ...Repeated for Remote Output 16
D2E0 ...Repeated for Remote Output 17
D2EC ...Repeated for Remote Output 20
D2F0 ...Repeated for Remote Output 21
D2FC ...Repeated for Remote Output 24


D318 ...Repeated for Remote Output 31 B
IEC 61850 GGIO2 Control Configuration (Read/Write Setting) (64 modules)
D320 IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO1.ctlModel Value 0 to 2 --- 1 F001 2
D32A IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO11.ctlModel Value 0 to 2 --- 1 F001 2
D32B IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO12.ctlModel Value 0 to 2 --- 1 F001 2
D32C IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO13.ctlModel Value 0 to 2 --- 1 F001 2
D32D IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO14.ctlModel Value 0 to 2 --- 1 F001 2
D32E IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO15.ctlModel Value 0 to 2 --- 1 F001 2
D32F IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO16.ctlModel Value 0 to 2 --- 1 F001 2


B D353
D354
IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO52.ctlModel Value
IEC 61850 GGIO2.CF.SPCSO53.ctlModel Value
0 to 2
0 to 2
---
---
1
1
F001
F001
2
2
Remote Device Status (Read Only) (16 modules)
D380 Remote Device 1 StNum 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
D382 Remote Device 1 SqNum 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F003 0
D384 ...Repeated for Remote Device 2
D38C ...Repeated for Remote Device 4
D39C ...Repeated for Remote Device 8
D3A0 ...Repeated for Remote Device 9
D3AC ...Repeated for Remote Device 12
D3B0 ...Repeated for Remote Device 13
D3BC ...Repeated for Remote Device 16
D3C0 ...Repeated for Remote Device 17
D3CC ...Repeated for Remote Device 20
D3D0 ...Repeated for Remote Device 21
D3DC ...Repeated for Remote Device 24
D3E0 ...Repeated for Remote Device 25
D3EC ...Repeated for Remote Device 28
D3F0 ...Repeated for Remote Device 29
D3FC ...Repeated for Remote Device 32
Phasor Measurement Unit Communication (Read/Write Setting)
D400 PMU 1 Communication Port 1 Type 0 to 3 --- 1 F545 0 (Network)


D403 PMU 1 Port 1 PHS-x (14 items) 0 to 14 --- 1 F543 1 (Va)
D411 PMU 1 Port 2 PHS-x (14 items) 0 to 14 --- 1 F543 1 (Va)
D41F PMU 1 Port 3 PHS-x (14 items) 0 to 14 --- 1 F543 1 (Va)
D42D PMU 1 Communication Port 1 PHS-x Name (14 items) --- --- --- F203 “GE-UR-PMU-PHS 1”
D49D PMU 1 Port 2 PHS-x Name (14 items) --- --- --- F203 “GE-UR-PMU-PHS 1” B
D50D PMU 1 Port 3 PHS-x Name (14 items) --- --- --- F203 “GE-UR-PMU-PHS 1”
D57D PMU 1 Port 1 A-CH-x (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
D585 PMU 1 Port 2 A-CH-x (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
D58D PMU 1 Port 3 A-CH-x (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
D595 PMU 1 Port 1 A-CH-x Name (8 items) --- --- --- F203 “AnalogChannel 1”
D5D5 PMU 1 Port 2 A-CH-x Name (8 items) --- --- --- F203 “AnalogChannel 1”
D615 PMU 1 Port 3 A-CH-x Name (8 items) --- --- --- F203 “AnalogChannel 1”
D655 PMU 1 Port 1 D-CH-x (16 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
D685 PMU 1 Port 1 D-CH-x Name (16 items) --- --- --- F203 “Dig Channel 1”
D705 PMU 1 Port 1 D-CH-x Normal State (16 items) 0 to 1 --- 1 F108 0 (Off)
Phasor Measurement Unit Recording Command (Read/Write Command)
E4D4 PMU 1 Recording Clear Command 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
E4D5 PMU 1 Recording Force Trigger 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Phasor Measurement Unit Recording (Read/Write Setting)
E4DC PMU 1 Recording Rate 0 to 10 --- 1 F544 3 (10/sec.)
E4DD Reserved --- --- 1 F001 0
E4DE PMU 1 No Of Timed Records 1 to 128 --- 1 F001 3
E4DF PMU 1 Trigger Mode 0 to 1 --- 1 F542 0 (Auto Overwrite)
E4E0 PMU 1 Timed Trigger Position 1 to 50 % 1 F001 10
E4E1 Reserved --- --- 1 F001 0
E4E2 PMU 1 Record PHS-1 (14 items) 0 to 14 --- 1 F543 1 (Va)
E4F0 PMU 1 Record PHS-x Name (14 items) --- --- --- F203 GE-UR-PMU-PHS 1
E560 PMU 1 Record A-CH-x (8 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F600 0
E568 PMU 1 Record A-CH-x Name (8 items) --- --- --- F203 AnalogChannel 1
E5A8 PMU 1 Record D-CH-x (16 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
E5B8 PMU 1 Record D-CH-x Name (16 items) --- --- --- F203 Dig Channel 1
Phasor Measurement Unit Network Reporting Configuration (Read/Write Setting)
EA4C PMU Network Reporting Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EA4D PMU Network Reporting ID Code 1 to 65534 --- 1 F001 1
EA4E PMU Network Reporting Rate 0 to 11 --- 1 F544 3 (10/sec.)
EA4F PMU Network Reporting Style 0 to 1 --- 1 F546 0 (Polar)
EA50 PMU Network Reporting Format 0 to 1 --- 1 F547 0 (Integer)
EA51 PMU Network PDC Control 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EA52 PMU TCP port number 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 4712
EA53 PMU UDP port number 1 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 4713
EA54 PMU UDP port number 2 1 to 65535 --- 1 F001 4714
Phasor Measurement Unit Basic Configuration (Read/Write Setting)
EA58 PMU 1 Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EA59 PMU 1 IDcode 1 to 65534 --- 1 F001 1
EA5A PMU 1 STN --- --- --- F203 “GE-UR-PMU”
EA62 PMU 1 Source 0 to 5 --- 1 F167 0 (SRC 1)
EA63 PMU 1 Post-Filter 0 to 3 --- 1 F540 1 (Symm-3-point)


Phasor Measurement Unit Calibration (Read/Write Setting)
EA88 PMU 1 Va Calibration Angle -5 to 5 ° 0.05 F002 0
EA89 PMU 1 Vb Calibration Angle -5 to 5 ° 0.05 F002 0
EA8A PMU 1 Vc Calibration Angle -5 to 5 ° 0.05 F002 0
EA8B PMU 1 Vx Calibration Angle -5 to 5 ° 0.05 F002 0
B EA8C
EA8D
PMU 1 Ia Calibration Angle
PMU 1 Ib Calibration Angle
-5 to 5
-5 to 5
°
°
0.05
0.05
F002
F002
0
0
EA8E PMU 1 Ic Calibration Angle -5 to 5 ° 0.05 F002 0
EA8F PMU 1 Ig Calibration Angle -5 to 5 ° 0.05 F002 0
EA90 PMU 1 Sequence Voltage Shift Angle -180 to 180 ° 30 F002 0
EA91 PMU 1 Sequence Current Shift Angle -180 to 180 ° 30 F002 0
Phasor Measurement Unit Triggering (Read/Write Setting)
EAB0 PMU 1 User Trigger 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
Phasor Measurement Unit Current Trigger (Read/Write Setting)
EAB4 PMU 1 Current Trigger Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EAB5 PMU 1 Current Trigger Pickup 0.1 to 30 pu 0.001 F001 1800
EAB6 PMU 1 Current Trigger Pickup Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 10
EAB7 PMU 1 Current Trigger Dropout Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
EAB8 PMU 1 Current Trigger Block (3 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
EABB PMU 1 Current Trigger Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
EABC PMU 1 Current Trigger Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Phasor Measurement Unit df/dt Trigger (Read/Write Setting)
EAD8 PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EAD9 PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Raise 0.1 to 15 Hz/s 0.01 F001 25
EADA PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Fall 0.1 to 15 Hz/s 0.01 F001 25
EADB PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Pickup Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 10
EADC PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Dropout Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
EADD PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Block (3 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
EAE0 PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
EAE1 PMU 1 df/dt Trigger Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Phasor Measurement Unit Frequency Trigger (Read/Write Setting)
EB00 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EB01 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger Low Frequency 20 to 70 Hz 0.01 F001 4900
EB02 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger High Frequency 20 to 70 Hz 0.01 F001 6100
EB03 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger Pickup Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 10
EB04 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger Dropout Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
EB05 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger Block (3 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
EB08 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
EB09 PMU 1 Frequency Trigger Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Phasor Measurement Unit Power Trigger (Read/Write Setting)
EB28 PMU 1 Power Trigger Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EB29 PMU 1 Power Trigger Active 0.25 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 1250
EB2A PMU 1 Power Trigger Reactive 0.25 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 1250
EB2B PMU 1 Power Trigger Apparent 0.25 to 3 pu 0.001 F001 1250
EB2C PMU 1 Power Trigger Pickup Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 10
EB2D PMU 1 Power Trigger Dropout Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
EB2E PMU 1 Power Trigger Block (3 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
EB31 PMU 1 Power Trigger Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
EB32 PMU 1 Power Trigger Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Phasor Measurement Unit Voltage Trigger (Read/Write Setting)
EB54 PMU 1 Voltage Trigger Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EB55 PMU 1 Voltage Trigger Low Voltage 0.25 to 1.25 pu 0.001 F001 800
EB56 PMU 1 Voltage Trigger High Voltage 0.75 to 1.75 pu 0.001 F001 1200
EB57 PMU 1 Voltage Trigger Pickup Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 10


EB58 PMU 1 Voltage Trigger Dropout Time 0 to 600 s 0.01 F001 100
EB59 PMU 1 Voltage Trigger Block (3 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F300 0
EB5C PMU 1 Voltage Trigger Target 0 to 2 --- 1 F109 0 (Self-reset)
EB5D PMU 1 Voltage Trigger Events 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
Phasor Measurement Unit One-shot Command (Read/Write Setting)
EB82 PMU One-shot Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled) B
EB83 PMU One-shot Sequence Number 0 to 59 --- 1 F001 1
EB84 PMU One-shot Time 0 to 235959 --- 1 F050 0
Phasor Measurement Unit Test Values (Read/Write Setting)
EB86 PMU 1 Test Function 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 0 (Disabled)
EB87 PMU 1 Phase A Voltage Test Magnitude 0 to 700 kV 0.01 F003 50000
EB89 PMU 1 Phase A Voltage Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 0
EB8A PMU 1 Phase B Voltage Test Magnitude 0 to 700 kV 0.01 F003 50000
EB8C PMU 1 Phase B Voltage Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 -120
EB8D PMU 1 Phase C Voltage Test Magnitude 0 to 700 kV 0.01 F003 50000
EB8F PMU 1 Phase C Voltage Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 120
EB90 PMU 1 Auxiliary Voltage Test Magnitude 0 to 700 kV 0.01 F003 50000
EB92 PMU 1 Auxiliary Voltage Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 0
EB93 PMU 1 Phase A Current Test Magnitude 0 to 9.999 kA 0.001 F004 1000
EB95 PMU 1 Phase A Current Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 -10
EB96 PMU 1 Phase B Current Test Magnitude 0 to 9.999 kA 0.001 F004 1000
EB98 PMU 1 Phase B Current Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 -130
EB99 PMU 1 Phase C Current Test Magnitude 0 to 9.999 kA 0.001 F003 1000
EB9B PMU 1 Phase C Current Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 110
EB9C PMU 1 Ground Current Test Magnitude 0 to 9.999 kA 0.001 F004 0
EB9E PMU 1 Ground Current Test Angle -180 to 180 ° 0.05 F002 0
EB9F PMU 1 Test Frequency 20 to 70 Hz 0.001 F003 60000
EBA1 PMU 1 Test df/dt -10 to 10 Hz/s 0.001 F002 0
Phasor Measurement Unit Recorder Configuration Counter Command (Read/Write Command)
EBF6 PMU 1 Recorder Clear Configuration Counter 0 to 1 --- 1 F126 0 (No)
Phasor Measurement Unit Recording Values (Read Only)
EBFA PMU 1 Available Records 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
EBFB PMU 1 Second Per Record 0 to 6553.5 --- 0.1 F001 0
EBFD PMU 1 Last Cleared Date 0 to 400000000 --- 1 F050 0
Setting file template values (read only)
ED00 FlexLogic™ displays active 0 to 1 --- 1 F102 1 (Enabled)
ED01 Reserved (6 items) --- --- --- --- ---
ED07 Last settings change date 0 to 4294967295 --- 1 F050 0
ED09 Template bitmask (750 items) 0 to 65535 --- 1 F001 0
Phasor Measurement Unit Records (Read Only)
EFFF PMU Recording Number of Triggers 0 to 65535 samples 1 F001 0

B.4.2 DATA FORMATS
F001 F040
UR_UINT16 UNSIGNED 16 BIT INTEGER UR_UINT48 48-BIT UNSIGNED INTEGER
B F002
UR_SINT16 SIGNED 16 BIT INTEGER
F050
UR_UINT32 TIME and DATE (UNSIGNED 32 BIT INTEGER)
Gives the current time in seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 January
1, 1970.
F003
UR_UINT32 UNSIGNED 32 BIT INTEGER (2 registers)
High order word is stored in the first register. F051
Low order word is stored in the second register. UR_UINT32 DATE in SR format (alternate format for F050)
First 16 bits are Month/Day (MM/DD/xxxx). Month: 1=January,
2=February,...,12=December; Day: 1 to 31 in steps of 1
F004
Last 16 bits are Year (xx/xx/YYYY): 1970 to 2106 in steps of 1
UR_SINT32 SIGNED 32 BIT INTEGER (2 registers)
High order word is stored in the first register/
Low order word is stored in the second register. F052
UR_UINT32 TIME in SR format (alternate format for F050)
First 16 bits are Hours/Minutes (HH:MM:xx.xxx).
F005
Hours: 0=12am, 1=1am,...,12=12pm,...23=11pm;
UR_UINT8 UNSIGNED 8 BIT INTEGER
Minutes: 0 to 59 in steps of 1
Last 16 bits are Seconds (xx:xx:.SS.SSS): 0=00.000s,
F006 1=00.001,...,59999=59.999s)
UR_SINT8 SIGNED 8 BIT INTEGER
F060
F011 FLOATING_POINT IEEE FLOATING POINT (32 bits)
UR_UINT16 FLEXCURVE DATA (120 points)
A FlexCurve is an array of 120 consecutive data points (x, y) which
F070
are interpolated to generate a smooth curve. The y-axis is the user
HEX2 2 BYTES - 4 ASCII DIGITS
defined trip or operation time setting; the x-axis is the pickup ratio
and is pre-defined. Refer to format F119 for a listing of the pickup
ratios; the enumeration value for the pickup ratio indicates the off-
F071
set into the FlexCurve base address where the corresponding time HEX4 4 BYTES - 8 ASCII DIGITS
value is stored.
F072
F012
DISPLAY_SCALE DISPLAY SCALING
(unsigned 16-bit integer)
MSB indicates the SI units as a power of ten. LSB indicates the F073
number of decimal points to display. HEX8 8 BYTES - 16 ASCII DIGITS
Example: Current values are stored as 32 bit numbers with three
decimal places and base units in Amps. If the retrieved value is
F074
12345.678 A and the display scale equals 0x0302 then the dis-
played value on the unit is 12.35 kA.
F081
F013
ENUMERATION: AUTORECLOSE 1P/3P BKR FAIL OPTION
POWER_FACTOR (SIGNED 16 BIT INTEGER)
0 = Continue, 1 = Lockout
Positive values indicate lagging power factor; negative values
indicate leading.

F082 F103
ENUMERATION: AUTORECLOSE SINGLE-PHASE / ENUMERATION: CURVE SHAPES
THREE-PHASE BREAKER SEQUENCE
bitmask curve shape bitmask curve shape
0 = 1, 1 = 2, 2 = 1 & 2, 3 = 1 – 2, 4 = 2 – 1
0 IEEE Mod Inv 9 IAC Inverse
1 IEEE Very Inv 10 IAC Short Inv
F083 2 IEEE Ext Inv 11 I2t
ENUMERATION: SELECTOR MODES 3 IEC Curve A 12 Definite Time B
0 = Time-Out, 1 = Acknowledge 4 IEC Curve B 13 FlexCurve™ A
5 IEC Curve C 14 FlexCurve™ B
6 IEC Short Inv 15 FlexCurve™ C
F084
7 IAC Ext Inv 16 FlexCurve™ D
ENUMERATION: SELECTOR POWER UP
8 IAC Very Inv
0 = Restore, 1 = Synchronize, 2 = Sync/Restore
F104
F085 ENUMERATION: RESET TYPE
ENUMERATION: POWER SWING SHAPE
0 = Instantaneous, 1 = Timed, 2 = Linear
0 = Mho Shape, 1 = Quad Shape
F105
F086 ENUMERATION: LOGIC INPUT
ENUMERATION: DIGITAL INPUT DEFAULT STATE
0 = Disabled, 1 = Input 1, 2 = Input 2
0 = Off, 1 = On, 2= Latest/Off, 3 = Latest/On
F106
F090 ENUMERATION: PHASE ROTATION
ENUMERATION: LATCHING OUTPUT TYPE
0 = ABC, 1 = ACB
0 = Operate-dominant, 1 = Reset-dominant
F108
F100 ENUMERATION: OFF/ON
ENUMERATION: VT CONNECTION TYPE
0 = Off, 1 = On
0 = Wye; 1 = Delta
F109
F101 ENUMERATION: CONTACT OUTPUT OPERATION
ENUMERATION: MESSAGE DISPLAY INTENSITY
0 = Self-reset, 1 = Latched, 2 = Disabled
0 = 25%, 1 = 50%, 2 = 75%, 3 = 100%
F110
F102 ENUMERATION: CONTACT OUTPUT LED CONTROL
ENUMERATION: DISABLED/ENABLED
0 = Trip, 1 = Alarm, 2 = None
0 = Disabled; 1 = Enabled
F111
ENUMERATION: UNDERVOLTAGE CURVE SHAPES
0 = Definite Time, 1 = Inverse Time

F112 F119
ENUMERATION: RS485 BAUD RATES ENUMERATION: FLEXCURVE™ PICKUP RATIOS
bitmask value bitmask value bitmask value mask value mask value mask value mask value
0 300 4 9600 8 115200 0 0.00 30 0.88 60 2.90 90 5.90
1 1200 5 19200 9 14400 1 0.05 31 0.90 61 3.00 91 6.00
2 2400 6 38400 10 28800 2 0.10 32 0.91 62 3.10 92 6.50
B 3 4800 7 57600 11 33600 3 0.15 33 0.92 63 3.20 93 7.00
4 0.20 34 0.93 64 3.30 94 7.50
5 0.25 35 0.94 65 3.40 95 8.00
F113
6 0.30 36 0.95 66 3.50 96 8.50
ENUMERATION: PARITY
7 0.35 37 0.96 67 3.60 97 9.00
0 = None, 1 = Odd, 2 = Even
8 0.40 38 0.97 68 3.70 98 9.50
9 0.45 39 0.98 69 3.80 99 10.00
F114 10 0.48 40 1.03 70 3.90 100 10.50
ENUMERATION: IRIG-B SIGNAL TYPE 11 0.50 41 1.05 71 4.00 101 11.00
0 = None, 1 = DC Shift, 2 = Amplitude Modulated 12 0.52 42 1.10 72 4.10 102 11.50

13 0.54 43 1.20 73 4.20 103 12.00
14 0.56 44 1.30 74 4.30 104 12.50
F115 15 0.58 45 1.40 75 4.40 105 13.00
ENUMERATION: BREAKER STATUS
16 0.60 46 1.50 76 4.50 106 13.50
0 = Auxiliary A, 1 = Auxiliary B 17 0.62 47 1.60 77 4.60 107 14.00
18 0.64 48 1.70 78 4.70 108 14.50
19 0.66 49 1.80 79 4.80 109 15.00
F116
ENUMERATION: NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE CURVES 20 0.68 50 1.90 80 4.90 110 15.50
21 0.70 51 2.00 81 5.00 111 16.00
0 = Definite Time, 1 = FlexCurve™ A, 2 = FlexCurve™ B,
3 = FlexCurve™ C 22 0.72 52 2.10 82 5.10 112 16.50
23 0.74 53 2.20 83 5.20 113 17.00
24 0.76 54 2.30 84 5.30 114 17.50
F117 25 0.78 55 2.40 85 5.40 115 18.00
ENUMERATION: NUMBER OF OSCILLOGRAPHY RECORDS
26 0.80 56 2.50 86 5.50 116 18.50
0 = 1×72 cycles, 1 = 3×36 cycles, 2 = 7×18 cycles, 3 = 15×9 cycles 27 0.82 57 2.60 87 5.60 117 19.00
28 0.84 58 2.70 88 5.70 118 19.50
29 0.86 59 2.80 89 5.80 119 20.00
F118
ENUMERATION: OSCILLOGRAPHY MODE
0 = Automatic Overwrite, 1 = Protected F120
ENUMERATION: DISTANCE SHAPE
0 = Mho, 1 = Quad
F122
ENUMERATION: ELEMENT INPUT SIGNAL TYPE
0 = Phasor, 1 = RMS
F123
ENUMERATION: CT SECONDARY
0 = 1 A, 1 = 5 A

bitmask element
F124
71 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 8
ENUMERATION: LIST OF ELEMENTS
72 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 9
bitmask element 73 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 10
0 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 74 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 11
1 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 2 75 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 12
2 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 3 80 Ground Time Overcurrent 1
3 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 4 81 Ground Time Overcurrent 2 B

8 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 9 96 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent 1
9 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 10 97 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent 2
10 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 11 101 Opposite Phase Rotation
11 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent 12 112 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 1
16 Phase Time Overcurrent 1 113 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent 2
17 Phase Time Overcurrent 2 120 Negative Sequence Overvoltage
18 Phase Time Overcurrent 3 121 Wattmetric Zero-Sequence Directional 1
19 Phase Time Overcurrent 4 122 Wattmetric Zero-Sequence Directional 2
20 Phase Time Overcurrent 5 140 Auxiliary Undervoltage 1
21 Phase Time Overcurrent 6 144 Phase Undervoltage 1
24 Phase Directional Overcurrent 1 145 Phase Undervoltage 2
25 Phase Directional Overcurrent 2 148 Auxiliary Overvoltage 1
32 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 152 Phase Overvoltage 1
33 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 2 154 Compensated Overvoltage 1
34 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 3 156 Neutral Overvoltage 1
35 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 4 161 Phase Distance Zone 2
36 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 5 168 Line Pickup
37 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 6 172 Ground Distance Zone 1
38 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 7 173 Ground Distance Zone 2
39 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 8 180 Load Encroachment
40 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 9 185 PUTT Pilot Scheme
41 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 10 190 Power Swing Detect
42 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 11 224 SRC1 VT Fuse Failure
43 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent 12 225 SRC2 VT Fuse Failure
48 Neutral Time Overcurrent 1 226 SRC3 VT Fuse Failure
52 Neutral Time Overcurrent 5 232 SRC1 50DD (Disturbance Detection)
53 Neutral Time Overcurrent 6 233 SRC2 50DD (Disturbance Detection)
56 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 1 234 SRC3 50DD (Disturbance Detection)
57 Neutral Directional Overcurrent 2 235 SRC4 50DD (Disturbance Detection)
60 Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 1 240 87L Current Differential
61 Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent 2 244 50DD Disturbance Detector
64 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 1 245 Continuous Monitor
65 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 2 246 CT Failure
66 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 3 254 87L Trip (Current Differential Trip)
67 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 4 255 Stub Bus
68 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 5 280 Breaker Failure 1

283 Breaker Failure 4

bitmask element bitmask element

288 Breaker Arcing Current 1 548 Digital Counter 5
292 Breaker Arcing Current 5 692 Digital Element 1
293 Breaker Arcing Current 6 693 Digital Element 2
B 294 Breaker 1 Flashover 694 Digital Element 3
295 Breaker 2 Flashover 695 Digital Element 4
311 Phasor measurement unit one-shot 696 Digital Element 5
312 Synchrocheck 1 697 Digital Element 6
313 Synchrocheck 2 698 Digital Element 7
336 Setting Group 699 Digital Element 8
337 Reset 700 Digital Element 9
360 Trip Output 701 Digital Element 10
362 Phase Selector 702 Digital Element 11
363 Open Pole Detector 703 Digital Element 12
388 Selector 1 704 Digital Element 13
389 Selector 2 705 Digital Element 14
390 Control pushbutton 1 706 Digital Element 15
400 FlexElement™ 1 713 Digital Element 22
420 Non-volatile Latch 1 721 Digital Element 30
544 Digital Counter 1 737 Digital Element 46
547 Digital Counter 4 740 Phasor Measurement Unit 1 Frequency

bitmask element bitmask element

746 Phasor Measurement Unit 1 Voltage 890 RTD Input 42
752 Phasor Measurement Unit 1 Current 891 RTD Input 43
758 Phasor Measurement Unit 1 Power 892 RTD Input 44
764 PMU 1 Rate of Change of Frequency 893 RTD Input 45
770 Phasor Measurement Unit 1 894 RTD Input 46
842 Trip Bus 1 895 RTD Input 47
843 Trip Bus 2 896 RTD Input 48 B
844 Trip Bus 3 900 User-Programmable Pushbutton 1
849 RTD Input 1 904 User-Programmable Pushbutton 5
861 RTD Input 13 920 Disconnect switch 1
877 RTD Input 29 968 Breaker 1
881 RTD Input 33
882 RTD Input 34
F125
883 RTD Input 35
ENUMERATION: ACCESS LEVEL
884 RTD Input 36
0 = Restricted; 1 = Command, 2 = Setting, 3 = Factory Service
885 RTD Input 37
886 RTD Input 38
887 RTD Input 39 F126
888 RTD Input 40 ENUMERATION: NO/YES CHOICE
889 RTD Input 41 0 = No, 1 = Yes

F127 F138
ENUMERATION: LATCHED OR SELF-RESETTING ENUMERATION: OSCILLOGRAPHY FILE TYPE
0 = Latched, 1 = Self-Reset 0 = Data File, 1 = Configuration File, 2 = Header File
F128 F139
ENUMERATION: CONTACT INPUT THRESHOLD ENUMERATION: DEMAND CALCULATIONS
B 0 = 17 V DC, 1 = 33 V DC, 2 = 84 V DC, 3 = 166 V DC 0 = Thermal Exponential, 1 = Block Interval, 2 = Rolling Demand
F129 F140
ENUMERATION: FLEXLOGIC TIMER TYPE ENUMERATION: CURRENT, SENS CURRENT, VOLTAGE,
DISABLED
0 = millisecond, 1 = second, 2 = minute
0 = Disabled, 1 = Current 46 A, 2 = Voltage 280 V,
3 = Current 4.6 A, 4 = Current 2 A, 5 = Notched 4.6 A,
F130 6 = Notched 2 A
ENUMERATION: SIMULATION MODE
0 = Off. 1 = Pre-Fault, 2 = Fault, 3 = Post-Fault
F141
ENUMERATION: SELF TEST ERRORS
F131
Bitmask Error
ENUMERATION: FORCED CONTACT OUTPUT STATE
0 Any Self Tests
0 = Disabled, 1 = Energized, 2 = De-energized, 3 = Freeze 1 IRIG-B Failure
2 Port 1 Offline
F132 3 Port 2 Offline

ENUMERATION: DEMAND INTERVAL 4 Port 3 Offline
5 Port 4 Offline
0 = 5 min, 1 = 10 min, 2 = 15 min, 3 = 20 min, 4 = 30 min,
5 = 60 min 6 Port 5 Offline
7 Port 6 Offline
8 RRTD Communcations Failure
F133
9 Voltage Monitor
ENUMERATION: PROGRAM STATE
10 FlexLogic Error Token
0 = Not Programmed, 1 = Programmed 11 Equipment Mismatch
12 Process Bus Failure
F134 13 Unit Not Programmed

ENUMERATION: PASS/FAIL 14 System Exception
15 Latching Output Discrepancy
0 = Fail, 1 = OK, 2 = n/a
16 Ethernet Switch Fail
17 Maintenance Alert 01
F135 18 SNTP Failure
ENUMERATION: GAIN CALIBRATION
19 ---
0 = 0x1, 1 = 1x16 20 Primary Ethernet Fail
21 Secondary Ethernet Fail
22 Temperature Monitor
F136
ENUMERATION: NUMBER OF OSCILLOGRAPHY RECORDS 23 Process Bus Trouble
24 Brick Trouble
0 = 31 x 8 cycles, 1 = 15 x 16 cycles, 2 = 7 x 32 cycles
25 Field RTD Trouble
3 = 3 x 64 cycles, 4 = 1 x 128 cycles
26 Field TDR Trouble
27 Remote Device Offline
F137 28 Direct Device Offline
ENUMERATION: USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTON
29 Direct Input/Output Ring Break
FUNCTION
30 Any Minor Error
0 = Disabled, 1 = Self-Reset, 2 = Latched 31 Any Major Error
32 Unit Not Calibrated

Bitmask Error
F146
33 ---
ENUMERATION: MISCELLANEOUS EVENT CAUSES
34 ---
35 --- bitmask definition
36 Watchdog Error 0 Events Cleared
37 Low On Memory 1 Oscillography Triggered
38 --- 2 Date/time Changed
43 Module Failure 01 3 Default Settings Loaded B
44 Module Failure 02 4 Test Mode Forcing On
45 Module Failure 03 5 Test Mode Forcing Off
46 Module Failure 04 6 Power On
47 Module Failure 05 7 Power Off
48 Module Failure 06 8 Relay In Service
49 Module Failure 07 9 Relay Out Of Service
50 Module Failure 08 10 Watchdog Reset
51 Module Failure 09 11 Oscillography Clear
52 Incompatible Hardware 12 Reboot Command
53 Module Failure 10 13 Led Test Initiated
54 Module Failure 11 14 Flash Programming
55 Module Failure 12 15 Fault Report Trigger
16 User Programmable Fault Report Trigger
17 ---
F142
ENUMERATION: EVENT RECORDER ACCESS FILE TYPE 18 Reload CT/VT module Settings
19 ---
0 = All Record Data, 1 = Headers Only, 2 = Numeric Event Cause
20 Ethernet Port 1 Offline
F143 22 Ethernet Port 3 Offline
UR_UINT32: 32 BIT ERROR CODE (F141 specifies bit number) 23 Ethernet Port 4 Offline
A bit value of 0 = no error, 1 = error 24 Ethernet Port 5 Offline
26 Test Mode Isolated
F144
27 Test Mode Forcible
ENUMERATION: FORCED CONTACT INPUT STATE
28 Test Mode Disabled
0 = Disabled, 1 = Open, 2 = Closed
29 Temperature Warning On
30 Temperature Warning Off
F145 31 Unauthorized Access
ENUMERATION: ALPHABET LETTER 32 System Integrity Recovery
33 System Integrity Recovery 06
bitmask type bitmask type bitmask type bitmask type
34 System Integrity Recovery 07
0 null 7 G 14 N 21 U
1 A 8 H 15 O 22 V
2 B 9 I 16 P 23 W F147
3 C 10 J 17 Q 24 X ENUMERATION: LINE LENGTH UNITS
4 D 11 K 18 R 25 Y 0 = km, 1 = miles
5 E 12 L 19 S 26 Z
6 F 13 M 20 T

F148 F155
ENUMERATION: FAULT TYPE ENUMERATION: REMOTE DEVICE STATE
bitmask fault type bitmask fault type 0 = Offline, 1 = Online
0 NA 6 AC
1 AG 7 ABG
F156
2 BG 8 BCG
ENUMERATION: REMOTE INPUT BIT PAIRS
B 3
4
CG
AB
9
10
ACG
ABC bitmask value bitmask value
5 BC 11 ABCG 0 NONE 35 UserSt-3
1 DNA-1 36 UserSt-4
2 DNA-2 37 UserSt-5
F151
3 DNA-3 38 UserSt-6
ENUMERATION: RTD SELECTION
4 DNA-4 39 UserSt-7
bitmask RTD# bitmask RTD# bitmask RTD# 5 DNA-5 40 UserSt-8
0 NONE 17 RTD 17 33 RTD 33 6 DNA-6 41 UserSt-9
1 RTD 1 18 RTD 18 34 RTD 34 7 DNA-7 42 UserSt-10
16 RTD 16 22 DNA-22 57 UserSt-25
23 DNA-23 58 UserSt-26
F152
ENUMERATION: SETTING GROUP 25 DNA-25 60 UserSt-28
0 = Active Group, 1 = Group 1, 2 = Group 2, 3 = Group 3
4 = Group 4, 5 = Group 5, 6 = Group 6
F153 30 DNA-30 65 Dataset Item 1
ENUMERATION: DISTANCE TRANSFORMER CONNECTION
31 DNA-31 66 Dataset Item 2
bitmask type bitmask type bitmask type 32 DNA-32 67 Dataset Item 3
0 None 5 Dy9 10 Yd7 33 UserSt-1 ↓ ↓
1 Dy1 6 Dy11 11 Yd9 34 UserSt-2 128 Dataset Item 64
2 Dy3 7 Yd1 12 Yd11
3 Dy5 8 Yd3
F157
4 Dy7 9 Yd5
ENUMERATION: BREAKER MODE
0 = 3-Pole, 1 = 1-Pole
F154
ENUMERATION: DISTANCE DIRECTION
F158
0 = Forward, 1 = Reverse, 2 = Non-Directional
ENUMERATION: SCHEME CALIBRATION TEST
0 = Normal, 1 = Symmetry 1, 2 = Symmetry 2, 3 = Delay 1
4 = Delay 2

F159 F174
ENUMERATION: BREAKER AUX CONTACT KEYING ENUMERATION: TRANSDUCER RTD INPUT TYPE
0 = 52a, 1 = 52b, 2 = None 0 = 100 Ohm Platinum, 1 = 120 Ohm Nickel,
2 = 100 Ohm Nickel, 3 = 10 Ohm Copper
F166
ENUMERATION: AUXILIARY VT CONNECTION TYPE F175
0 = Vn, 1 = Vag, 2 = Vbg, 3 = Vcg, 4 = Vab, 5 = Vbc, 6 = Vca
ENUMERATION: PHASE LETTERS B
0 = A, 1 = B, 2 = C
F167
ENUMERATION: SIGNAL SOURCE F176
ENUMERATION: SYNCHROCHECK DEAD SOURCE SELECT
0 = SRC 1, 1 = SRC 2, 2 = SRC 3, 3 = SRC 4,
4 = SRC 5, 5 = SRC 6
bitmask synchrocheck dead source
0 None
F168 1 LV1 and DV2
ENUMERATION: INRUSH INHIBIT FUNCTION 2 DV1 and LV2
0 = Disabled, 1 = Adapt. 2nd, 2 = Trad. 2nd 3 DV1 or DV2
4 DV1 Xor DV2
5 DV1 and DV2
F170
ENUMERATION: LOW/HIGH OFFSET and GAIN
TRANSDUCER INPUT/OUTPUT SELECTION F177
0 = LOW, 1 = HIGH ENUMERATION: COMMUNICATION PORT
0 = None, 1 = COM1-RS485, 2 = COM2-RS485,
3 = Front Panel-RS232, 4 = Network - TCP, 5 = Network - UDP
F171
ENUMERATION: TRANSDUCER CHANNEL INPUT TYPE
0 = dcmA IN, 1 = Ohms IN, 2 = RTD IN, 3 = dcmA OUT, F178
4 = RRTD IN ENUMERATION: DATA LOGGER RATES
0 = 1 sec, 1 = 1 min, 2 = 5 min, 3 = 10 min, 4 = 15 min,
5 = 20 min, 6 = 30 min, 7 = 60 min, 8 = 15 ms, 9 = 30 ms,
F172 10 = 100 ms, 11 = 500 ms
ENUMERATION: SLOT LETTERS
bitmask slot bitmask slot bitmask slot bitmask slot

F179
0 F 4 K 8 P 12 U ENUMERATION: NEGATIVE SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL
1 G 5 L 9 R 13 V OVERCURRENT TYPE
2 H 6 M 10 S 14 W 0 = Neg Sequence, 1 = Zero Sequence
3 J 7 N 11 T 15 X
F180
F173 ENUMERATION: PHASE/GROUND
ENUMERATION: DCMA INPUT/OUTPUT RANGE
0 = PHASE, 1 = GROUND
bitmask dcmA input/output range
0 0 to –1 mA
F181
1 0 to 1 mA ENUMERATION: ODD/EVEN/NONE
2 –1 to 1 mA
0 = ODD, 1 = EVEN, 2 = NONE
3 0 to 5 mA
4 0 to 10 mA
5 0 to 20 mA
6 4 to 20 mA

bitmsk keypress bitmsk keypress

F183
15 Message Up 43 User-programmable key 13
ENUMERATION: AC INPUT WAVEFORMS
16 Message Down 44 User-programmable key 14
bitmask definition 17 Message Left 45 User-programmable key 15
0 Off 18 Message Right 46 User-programmable key 16
1 8 samples/cycle 19 Menu 47 User 4 (control pushbutton)
2 16 samples/cycle 20 Help 48 User 5 (control pushbutton)

B 3 32 samples/cycle 21 Escape 49 User 6 (control pushbutton)
4 64 samples/cycle 22 --- 50 User 7 (control pushbutton)
F184 F192
ENUMERATION: REMOTE DEVICE GOOSE DATASET ENUMERATION: ETHERNET OPERATION MODE
0 = Half-Duplex, 1 = Full-Duplex
value GOOSE dataset
0 Off
1 GooseIn 1 F194
ENUMERATION: DNP SCALE
2 GooseIn 2
3 GooseIn 3 0 = 0.01, 1 = 0.1, 2 = 1, 3 = 10, 4 = 100, 5 = 1000, 6 = 10000,
4 GooseIn 4 7 = 100000, 8 = 0.001
5 GooseIn 5
6 GooseIn 6 F195
7 GooseIn 7 ENUMERATION: SINGLE POLE TRIP MODE
8 GooseIn 8
0 = Disabled, 1 = 3 Pole Only, 2 = 3 Pole & 1 Pole
F185 F196
ENUMERATION: PHASE A,B,C, GROUND SELECTOR ENUMERATION: NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT
0 = A, 1 = B, 2 = C, 3 = G OPERATING CURRENT
0 = Calculated 3I0, 1 = Measured IG
F186
ENUMERATION: MEASUREMENT MODE F199
0 = Phase to Ground, 1 = Phase to Phase ENUMERATION: DISABLED/ENABLED/CUSTOM
0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled, 2 = Custom
F190
ENUMERATION: SIMULATED KEYPRESS F200
TEXT40: 40-CHARACTER ASCII TEXT
bitmsk keypress bitmsk keypress
0 --- 23 Reset 20 registers, 16 Bits: 1st Char MSB, 2nd Char. LSB
use between real keys
24 User 1
1 1 25 User 2 F201
2 2 26 User 3 TEXT8: 8-CHARACTER ASCII PASSCODE
3 3 27 User-programmable key 1
4 registers, 16 Bits: 1st Char MSB, 2nd Char. LSB
6 6 30 User-programmable key 4 F202
8 8 32 User-programmable key 6 10 registers, 16 Bits: 1st Char MSB, 2nd Char. LSB
F203
11 Decimal Point 35 User-programmable key 9 TEXT16: 16-CHARACTER ASCII TEXT
12 Plus/Minus 36 User-programmable key 10
13 Value Up 37 User-programmable key 11
14 Value Down 38 User-programmable key 12 F204

F205 F231
TEXT12: 12-CHARACTER ASCII TEXT ENUMERATION: POLARIZING VOLTAGE
0 = Calculated V0, 1 = Measured VX
F206
F232
ENUMERATION: CONFIGURABLE GOOSE DATASET ITEMS
F207
FOR TRANSMISSION B
value GOOSE dataset item
0 None
F208 1 GGIO1.ST.Ind1.q
TEXT2: 2-CHARACTER ASCII TEXT 2 GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal
3 GGIO1.ST.Ind2.q
4 GGIO1.ST.Ind2.stVal
F211
ENUMERATION: SOURCE SELECTION ↓ ↓
255 GGIO1.ST.Ind128.q
0 = None, 1 = SRC 1, 2 = SRC 2, 3 = SRC 3, 4 = SRC 4,
256 GGIO1.ST.Ind128.stVal
5 = SRC 5, 6 = SRC 6
257 MMXU1.MX.TotW.mag.f
258 MMXU1.MX.TotVAr.mag.f
F213 259 MMXU1.MX.TotVA.mag.f
260 MMXU1.MX.TotPF.mag.f
261 MMXU1.MX.Hz.mag.f
F220 262 MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.mag.f
ENUMERATION: PUSHBUTTON MESSAGE PRIORITY 263 MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.ang.f
264 MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.mag.f
value priority
265 MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.ang.f
0 Disabled
266 MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.mag.f
1 Normal
267 MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.ang.f
2 High Priority
268 MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag.f
269 MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.ang.f
F222 270 MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.mag.f

ENUMERATION: TEST ENUMERATION 271 MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.ang.f
272 MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.mag.f
0 = Test Enumeration 0, 1 = Test Enumeration 1
273 MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.ang.f
274 MMXU1.MX.A.phsA.cVal.mag.f
F223 275 MMXU1.MX.A.phsA.cVal.ang.f
ENUMERATION: DIAGNOSTIC TEST
276 MMXU1.MX.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f
0 = No Test, 1 = Run Test, 2 = End Test 277 MMXU1.MX.A.phsB.cVal.ang.f
278 MMXU1.MX.A.phsC.cVal.mag.f
279 MMXU1.MX.A.phsC.cVal.ang.f
F226
ENUMERATION: REMOTE INPUT/OUTPUT TRANSFER 280 MMXU1.MX.A.neut.cVal.mag.f
METHOD 281 MMXU1.MX.A.neut.cVal.ang.f
282 MMXU1.MX.W.phsA.cVal.mag.f
0 = None, 1 = GSSE, 2 = GOOSE
283 MMXU1.MX.W.phsB.cVal.mag.f
284 MMXU1.MX.W.phsC.cVal.mag.f
F227 285 MMXU1.MX.VAr.phsA.cVal.mag.f
ENUMERATION: RELAY SERVICE STATUS
286 MMXU1.MX.VAr.phsB.cVal.mag.f
0 = Unknown, 1 = Relay In Service, 2 = Relay Out Of Service 287 MMXU1.MX.VAr.phsC.cVal.mag.f
288 MMXU1.MX.VA.phsA.cVal.mag.f
289 MMXU1.MX.VA.phsB.cVal.mag.f
F230
ENUMERATION: DIRECTIONAL POLARIZING 290 MMXU1.MX.VA.phsC.cVal.mag.f
291 MMXU1.MX.PF.phsA.cVal.mag.f
0 = Voltage, 1 = Current, 2 = Dual
292 MMXU1.MX.PF.phsB.cVal.mag.f

value GOOSE dataset item value GOOSE dataset item

293 MMXU1.MX.PF.phsC.cVal.mag.f 346 MMXU3.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.mag.f
294 MMXU2.MX.TotW.mag.f 347 MMXU3.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.ang.f
295 MMXU2.MX.TotVAr.mag.f 348 MMXU3.MX.A.phsA.cVal.mag.f
296 MMXU2.MX.TotVA.mag.f 349 MMXU3.MX.A.phsA.cVal.ang.f
297 MMXU2.MX.TotPF.mag.f 350 MMXU3.MX.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f
298 MMXU2.MX.Hz.mag.f 351 MMXU3.MX.A.phsB.cVal.ang.f
B 299 MMXU2.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.mag.f 352 MMXU3.MX.A.phsC.cVal.mag.f
300 MMXU2.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.ang.f 353 MMXU3.MX.A.phsC.cVal.ang.f
301 MMXU2.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.mag.f 354 MMXU3.MX.A.neut.cVal.mag.f
302 MMXU2.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.ang.f 355 MMXU3.MX.A.neut.cVal.ang.f
303 MMXU2.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.mag.f 356 MMXU3.MX.W.phsA.cVal.mag.f
304 MMXU2.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.ang.f 357 MMXU3.MX.W.phsB.cVal.mag.f
305 MMXU2.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag.f 358 MMXU3.MX.W.phsC.cVal.mag.f
306 MMXU2.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.ang.f 359 MMXU3.MX.VAr.phsA.cVal.mag.f
307 MMXU2.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.mag.f 360 MMXU3.MX.VAr.phsB.cVal.mag.f
308 MMXU2.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.ang.f 361 MMXU3.MX.VAr.phsC.cVal.mag.f
309 MMXU2.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.mag.f 362 MMXU3.MX.VA.phsA.cVal.mag.f
310 MMXU2.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.ang.f 363 MMXU3.MX.VA.phsB.cVal.mag.f
311 MMXU2.MX.A.phsA.cVal.mag.f 364 MMXU3.MX.VA.phsC.cVal.mag.f
312 MMXU2.MX.A.phsA.cVal.ang.f 365 MMXU3.MX.PF.phsA.cVal.mag.f
313 MMXU2.MX.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f 366 MMXU3.MX.PF.phsB.cVal.mag.f
314 MMXU2.MX.A.phsB.cVal.ang.f 367 MMXU3.MX.PF.phsC.cVal.mag.f
315 MMXU2.MX.A.phsC.cVal.mag.f 368 MMXU4.MX.TotW.mag.f
316 MMXU2.MX.A.phsC.cVal.ang.f 369 MMXU4.MX.TotVAr.mag.f
317 MMXU2.MX.A.neut.cVal.mag.f 370 MMXU4.MX.TotVA.mag.f
318 MMXU2.MX.A.neut.cVal.ang.f 371 MMXU4.MX.TotPF.mag.f
319 MMXU2.MX.W.phsA.cVal.mag.f 372 MMXU4.MX.Hz.mag.f
320 MMXU2.MX.W.phsB.cVal.mag.f 373 MMXU4.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.mag.f
321 MMXU2.MX.W.phsC.cVal.mag.f 374 MMXU4.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.ang.f
322 MMXU2.MX.VAr.phsA.cVal.mag.f 375 MMXU4.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.mag.f
323 MMXU2.MX.VAr.phsB.cVal.mag.f 376 MMXU4.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.ang.f
324 MMXU2.MX.VAr.phsC.cVal.mag.f 377 MMXU4.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.mag.f
325 MMXU2.MX.VA.phsA.cVal.mag.f 378 MMXU4.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.ang.f
326 MMXU2.MX.VA.phsB.cVal.mag.f 379 MMXU4.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag.f
327 MMXU2.MX.VA.phsC.cVal.mag.f 380 MMXU4.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.ang.f
328 MMXU2.MX.PF.phsA.cVal.mag.f 381 MMXU4.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.mag.f
329 MMXU2.MX.PF.phsB.cVal.mag.f 382 MMXU4.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.ang.f
331 MMXU3.MX.TotW.mag.f 384 MMXU4.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.ang.f
336 MMXU3.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.mag.f 389 MMXU4.MX.A.phsC.cVal.mag.f


399 MMXU4.MX.VA.phsA.cVal.mag.f 452 MMXU6.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.ang.f
400 MMXU4.MX.VA.phsB.cVal.mag.f 453 MMXU6.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag.f
401 MMXU4.MX.VA.phsC.cVal.mag.f 454 MMXU6.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.ang.f
402 MMXU4.MX.PF.phsA.cVal.mag.f 455 MMXU6.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.mag.f
403 MMXU4.MX.PF.phsB.cVal.mag.f 456 MMXU6.MX.PhV.phsB.cVal.ang.f
405 MMXU5.MX.TotW.mag.f 458 MMXU6.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.ang.f B
410 MMXU5.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.mag.f 463 MMXU6.MX.A.phsC.cVal.mag.f
420 MMXU5.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.mag.f 473 MMXU6.MX.VA.phsA.cVal.mag.f
421 MMXU5.MX.PhV.phsC.cVal.ang.f 474 MMXU6.MX.VA.phsB.cVal.mag.f
422 MMXU5.MX.A.phsA.cVal.mag.f 475 MMXU6.MX.VA.phsC.cVal.mag.f
423 MMXU5.MX.A.phsA.cVal.ang.f 476 MMXU6.MX.PF.phsA.cVal.mag.f
424 MMXU5.MX.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f 477 MMXU6.MX.PF.phsB.cVal.mag.f
425 MMXU5.MX.A.phsB.cVal.ang.f 478 MMXU6.MX.PF.phsC.cVal.mag.f
426 MMXU5.MX.A.phsC.cVal.mag.f 479 GGIO4.MX.AnIn1.mag.f
427 MMXU5.MX.A.phsC.cVal.ang.f 480 GGIO4.MX.AnIn2.mag.f
428 MMXU5.MX.A.neut.cVal.mag.f 481 GGIO4.MX.AnIn3.mag.f
429 MMXU5.MX.A.neut.cVal.ang.f 482 GGIO4.MX.AnIn4.mag.f
430 MMXU5.MX.W.phsA.cVal.mag.f 483 GGIO4.MX.AnIn5.mag.f
431 MMXU5.MX.W.phsB.cVal.mag.f 484 GGIO4.MX.AnIn6.mag.f
432 MMXU5.MX.W.phsC.cVal.mag.f 485 GGIO4.MX.AnIn7.mag.f
433 MMXU5.MX.VAr.phsA.cVal.mag.f 486 GGIO4.MX.AnIn8.mag.f
434 MMXU5.MX.VAr.phsB.cVal.mag.f 487 GGIO4.MX.AnIn9.mag.f
435 MMXU5.MX.VAr.phsC.cVal.mag.f 488 GGIO4.MX.AnIn10.mag.f
436 MMXU5.MX.VA.phsA.cVal.mag.f 489 GGIO4.MX.AnIn11.mag.f
437 MMXU5.MX.VA.phsB.cVal.mag.f 490 GGIO4.MX.AnIn12.mag.f
438 MMXU5.MX.VA.phsC.cVal.mag.f 491 GGIO4.MX.AnIn13.mag.f
439 MMXU5.MX.PF.phsA.cVal.mag.f 492 GGIO4.MX.AnIn14.mag.f
440 MMXU5.MX.PF.phsB.cVal.mag.f 493 GGIO4.MX.AnIn15.mag.f
441 MMXU5.MX.PF.phsC.cVal.mag.f 494 GGIO4.MX.AnIn16.mag.f
442 MMXU6.MX.TotW.mag.f 495 GGIO4.MX.AnIn17.mag.f
443 MMXU6.MX.TotVAr.mag.f 496 GGIO4.MX.AnIn18.mag.f
444 MMXU6.MX.TotVA.mag.f 497 GGIO4.MX.AnIn19.mag.f
445 MMXU6.MX.TotPF.mag.f 498 GGIO4.MX.AnIn20.mag.f
446 MMXU6.MX.Hz.mag.f 499 GGIO4.MX.AnIn21.mag.f
447 MMXU6.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.mag.f 500 GGIO4.MX.AnIn22.mag.f
448 MMXU6.MX.PPV.phsAB.cVal.ang.f 501 GGIO4.MX.AnIn23.mag.f
449 MMXU6.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.mag.f 502 GGIO4.MX.AnIn24.mag.f
450 MMXU6.MX.PPV.phsBC.cVal.ang.f 503 GGIO4.MX.AnIn25.mag.f
451 MMXU6.MX.PPV.phsCA.cVal.mag.f 504 GGIO4.MX.AnIn26.mag.f


505 GGIO4.MX.AnIn27.mag.f 130 GGIO3.MX.AnIn2.mag.f
B 511 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn1.q 136 GGIO3.MX.AnIn8.mag.f
512 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn1.stVal 137 GGIO3.MX.AnIn9.mag.f
513 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn2.q 138 GGIO3.MX.AnIn10.mag.f
536 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn13.stVal 161 GGIO3.ST.IndPos1.stVal
537 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn14.q 162 GGIO3.ST.IndPos2.stVal
539 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn15.q 164 GGIO3.ST.IndPos4.stVal
541 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn16.q 166 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn1.q
542 GGIO5.ST.UIntIn16.stVal 167 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn1.stVal
168 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn2.q
169 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn2.stVal
F233
ENUMERATION: CONFIGURABLE GOOSE DATASET ITEMS
FOR RECEPTION 171 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn3.stVal
value GOOSE dataset item 173 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn4.stVal
0 None 174 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn5.q
1 GGIO3.ST.Ind1.q 175 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn5.stVal
2 GGIO3.ST.Ind1.stVal 176 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn6.q
3 GGIO3.ST.Ind2.q 177 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn6.stVal
4 GGIO3.ST.Ind2.stVal 178 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn7.q
↓ ↓ 179 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn7.stVal
127 GGIO1.ST.Ind64q 180 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn8.q
128 GGIO1.ST.Ind64.stVal 181 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn8.stVal
129 GGIO3.MX.AnIn1.mag.f 182 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn9.q

value GOOSE dataset item value day

183 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn9.stVal 1 Monday
184 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn10.q 2 Tuesday
185 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn10.stVal 3 Wednesday
186 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn11.q 4 Thursday
187 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn11.stVal 5 Friday
188 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn12.q 6 Saturday
189 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn12.stVal B
F239
ENUMERATION: REAL TIME CLOCK DAYLIGHT SAVINGS
192 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn14.q TIME START DAY INSTANCE
194 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn15.q value instance
195 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn15.stVal 0 First
196 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn16.q 1 Second
197 GGIO3.ST.UIntIn16.stVal 2 Third

3 Fourth
4 Last
F234
ENUMERATION: WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT VOLTAGE
F254
value voltage ENUMERATION: TEST MODE FUNCTION
0 Calculated VN
1 Measured VX Value Function
0 Disabled
1 Isolated
F235
2 Forcible
ENUMERATION: WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT CURRENT
value current
F260
0 Calculated IN ENUMERATION: DATA LOGGER MODE
1 Measured IG
0 = Continuous, 1 = Trigger
F237
F270
ENUMERATION: REAL TIME CLOCK MONTH
ENUMERATION: FAULT REPORT VT SUBSTITUTION
value month
Value Description
0 January
0 None
1 February
1 I_0
2 March
2 V_0
3 April
4 May
5 June F300
6 July UR_UINT16: FLEXLOGIC™ BASE TYPE (6-bit type)
7 August The FlexLogic™ BASE type is 6 bits and is combined with a 9 bit
8 September descriptor and 1 bit for protection element to form a 16 bit value.
9 October The combined bits are of the form: PTTTTTTDDDDDDDDD,
where P bit if set, indicates that the FlexLogic™ type is associated
10 November
with a protection element state and T represents bits for the BASE
11 December type, and D represents bits for the descriptor.
The values in square brackets indicate the base type with P prefix
F238 [PTTTTTT] and the values in round brackets indicate the descrip-
tor range.
ENUMERATION: REAL TIME CLOCK DAY
[0] Off(0) – this is boolean FALSE value
value day [0] On (1) – this is boolean TRUE value
0 Sunday [2] CONTACT INPUTS (1 to 96)
[3] CONTACT INPUTS OFF (1 to 96)

[4] VIRTUAL INPUTS (1 to 64)

[6] VIRTUAL OUTPUTS (1 to 96) F502
[10] CONTACT OUTPUTS VOLTAGE DETECTED (1 to 64) BITFIELD: ELEMENT OPERATE STATES
[11] CONTACT OUTPUTS VOLTAGE OFF DETECTED (1 to 64)
Each bit contains the operate state for an element. See the F124
[12] CONTACT OUTPUTS CURRENT DETECTED (1 to 64)
format code for a list of element IDs. The operate bit for element ID
[13] CONTACT OUTPUTS CURRENT OFF DETECTED (1 to 64)
X is bit [X mod 16] in register [X/16].
[14] REMOTE INPUTS (1 to 32)
[28] INSERT (via keypad only)
B [32] END
[34] NOT (1 INPUT)
F504
BITFIELD: 3-PHASE ELEMENT STATE
[36] 2 INPUT XOR (0)
[38] LATCH SET/RESET (2 inputs) bitmask element state
[40] OR (2 to 16 inputs) 0 Pickup
[42] AND (2 to 16 inputs) 1 Operate
[44] NOR (2 to 16 inputs)
2 Pickup Phase A
[46] NAND (2 to 16 inputs)
[48] TIMER (1 to 32) 3 Pickup Phase B
[50] ASSIGN VIRTUAL OUTPUT (1 to 96) 4 Pickup Phase C
[52] SELF-TEST ERROR (see F141 for range) 5 Operate Phase A
[56] ACTIVE SETTING GROUP (1 to 6) 6 Operate Phase B
[62] MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS (see F146 for range)
7 Operate Phase C
[64 to 127] ELEMENT STATES
F400 F505
UR_UINT16: CT/VT BANK SELECTION BITFIELD: CONTACT OUTPUT STATE
bitmask bank selection 0 = Contact State, 1 = Voltage Detected, 2 = Current Detected

0 Card 1 Contact 1 to 4
F506|
2 Card 2 Contact 1 to 4 BITFIELD: SINGLE-PHASE ELEMENT STATE
0 = Pickup, 1 = Operate
F507
BITFIELD: COUNTER ELEMENT STATE
F491
0 = Count Greater Than, 1 = Count Equal To, 2 = Count Less Than
ENUMERATION: ANALOG INPUT MODE
0 = Default Value, 1 = Last Known
F508
BITFIELD: DISTANCE ELEMENT STATE
F500 bitmask distance element state
UR_UINT16: PACKED BITFIELD 0 Pickup
First register indicates input/output state with bits 0 (MSB) to 15 1 Operate

(LSB) corresponding to input/output state 1 to 16. The second reg- 2 Pickup AB
ister indicates input/output state with bits 0 to 15 corresponding to 3 Pickup BC
input/output state 17 to 32 (if required) The third register indicates 4 Pickup CA
input/output state with bits 0 to 15 corresponding to input/output
5 Operate AB
state 33 to 48 (if required). The fourth register indicates input/out-
put state with bits 0 to 15 corresponding to input/output state 49 to 6 Operate BC
64 (if required). 7 Operate CA
The number of registers required is determined by the specific 8 Timed

data item. A bit value of 0 = Off and 1 = On. 9 Operate IAB
10 Operate IBC
11 Operate ICA
F501
UR_UINT16: LED STATUS
Low byte of register indicates LED status with bit 0 representing F509
the top LED and bit 7 the bottom LED. A bit value of 1 indicates BITFIELD: SIMPLE ELEMENT STATE
the LED is on, 0 indicates the LED is off.
0 = Operate

F510 F518
BITFIELD: 87L ELEMENT STATE ENUMERATION: FLEXELEMENT™ UNITS
0 = Milliseconds, 1 = Seconds, 2 = Minutes
bitmask 87L Element State
0 Operate A
1 Operate B F519
2 Operate C ENUMERATION: NON-VOLATILE LATCH
3 Received DTT 0 = Reset-Dominant, 1 = Set-Dominant B
4 Operate
5 Key DTT
6 PFLL FAIL F521
ENUMERATION: GROUND DISTANCE POLARIZING CURRENT
7 PFLL OK
8 Channel 1 FAIL 0 = Zero-Sequence; 1 = Negative-Sequence
9 Channel 2 FAIL
10 Channel 1 Lost Packet
F522
11 Channel 2 Lost Packet ENUMERATION: TRANSDUCER DCMA OUTPUT RANGE
12 Channel 1 CRC Fail
0 = –1 to 1 mA; 1 = 0 to 1 mA; 2 = 4 to 20 mA
13 Channel 2 CRC Fail
F523
F511 ENUMERATION: DNP OBJECTS 20, 22, AND 23 DEFAULT
BITFIELD: 3-PHASE SIMPLE ELEMENT STATE VARIATION
0 = Operate, 1 = Operate A, 2 = Operate B, 3 = Operate C
bitmask default variation
0 1
F513 1 2
ENUMERATION: POWER SWING MODE 2 5
0 = Two Step, 1 = Three Step 3 6
F514 F524
ENUMERATION: POWER SWING TRIP MODE ENUMERATION: DNP OBJECT 21 DEFAULT VARIATION
0 = Delayed, 1 = Early bitmask Default Variation

0 1
F515 1 2
ENUMERATION ELEMENT INPUT MODE 2 9
3 10
0 = Signed, 1 = Absolute
F516 F525
ENUMERATION: DNP OBJECT 32 DEFAULT VARIATION
ENUMERATION ELEMENT COMPARE MODE
0 = Level, 1 = Delta bitmask default variation
0 1
1 2
F517
2 3
ENUMERATION: ELEMENT DIRECTION OPERATION
3 4
0 = Over, 1 = Under
4 5
5 7

F530 F544
ENUMERATION: FRONT PANEL INTERFACE KEYPRESS ENUMERATION: PMU RECORDING/REPORTING RATE
value keypress value keypress value keypress
value rate value rate
0 None 15 3 33 User PB 3
0 1/second 6 15/second
1 Menu 16 Enter 34 User PB 4
1 2/second 7 20second
2 Message Up 17 Message 35 User PB 5
2 4/second 8 25/second
B 3 7 ~
18
Down
0 ~
36 User PB 6 3 5/second 9 30/second
4 8 19 Decimal 37 User PB 7 4 10/second 10 50/second
5 9 20 +/– 38 User PB 8 5 12/second 11 60/second
6 Help 21 Value Up 39 User PB 9

7 Message Left 22 Value Down 40 User PB 10
F545
8 4 23 Reset 41 User PB 11 ENUMERATION: PMU COM PORT TYPE
9 5 24 User 1 42 User PB 12
0 = Network, 1 = RS485, 2 = Dir Comm Ch1, 3 = Dir Comm Ch2,
10 6 25 User 2 44 User 4 4 = GOOSE, 5 = None
11 Escape 26 User 3 45 User 5
12 Message 31 User PB 1 46 User 6
Right F546
13 1 32 User PB 2 47 User 7 ENUMERATION: PMU REPORTING STYLE
14 2 0 = Polar, 1 = Rectangular
F531 F547
ENUMERATION: LANGUAGE ENUMERATION: PMU REPORTING FORMAT
0 = English, 1 = French, 2 = Chinese, 3 = Russian 0 = Integer, 1 = Floating
F540 F600
ENUMERATION: PMU POST-FILTER UR_UINT16: FLEXANALOG PARAMETER
0 = None, 1 = Symm-3-Point, 2 = Symm-5-Point, Corresponds to the Modbus address of the value used when this
3 = Symm-7-Point parameter is selected. Only certain values may be used as Flex-
Analogs (basically all metering quantities used in protection).
F542
ENUMERATION: PMU TRIGGERING MODE F605
ENUMERATION: REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUT
0 = Automatic Overwrite, 1 = Protected
STATUS
Enumeration Remote DPS input status

F543
ENUMERATION: PMU PHASORS 0 Intermediate
1 Off
value phasor value phasor 2 On
0 Off 8 Ig 3 Bad
1 Va 9 V_1
2 Vb 10 V_2
F606
3 Vc 11 V_0
ENUMERATION: REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUT
4 Vx 12 I_1
5 Ia 13 I_2 Enumeration Remote double-point status input
6 Ib 14 I_0 0 None
7 Ic 1 Remote input 1
2 Remote input 2
3 Remote input 3
↓ ↓
64 Remote input 64

F607 F610
ENUMERATION: OPEN POLE DETECTOR MODE ENUMERATION: SINGLE-POLE AUTORECLOSE INITIATION
MODE
Enumeration Open Pole Mode
0 Accelerated Enumeration Initiation Mode
1 Traditional 0 Protection AND CB

1 Protection Only
F608
B
ENUMERATION: OPEN POLE DETECTION FUNCTION F611
ENUMERATION: GOOSE RETRANSMISSION SCHEME
Enumeration Open Pole Detection
0 I AND V AND CBaux Enumeration Configurable GOOSE retransmission scheme
1 I AND V only 0 Heartbeat

1 Aggressive
2 Medium
F609
3 Relaxed
ENUMERATION: TRIP OUTPUT TRIP RESET FUNCTION
Enumeration Trip Reset

F612
0 Pole Curr OR Custom UR_UINT16: FLEXINTEGER PARAMETER
1 CBaux OR Custom
This 16-bit value corresponds to the Modbus address of the
2 Custom
selected FlexInteger paramter. Only certain values may be used
as FlexIntegers.


APPENDIX C C.1 OVERVIEW
APPENDIX C IEC 61850 COMMUNICATIONSC.1OVERVIEW C.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of electric utilities and vendors of electronic equipment to produce standardized com-
munications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, sub-
station design and configuration, testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:
• IEC 61850-1: Introduction and overview
• IEC 61850-2: Glossary
• IEC 61850-3: General requirements
• IEC 61850-4: System and project management
• IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
• IEC 61850-6: Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations related to IEDs
• IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Principles and models
C
• IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract communication service
interface (ACSI)
• IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment – Common data classes
• IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment – Compatible logical node classes
and data classes
• IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1 and ISO 9506-2)
and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
• IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over serial unidirectional multi-
drop point to point link
• IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3
• IEC 61850-10: Conformance testing
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended that all those involved with
any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
C.1.2 COMMUNICATION PROFILES
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper (application) layer for transfer
of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for several of years and provides a set of services suitable for the
transfer of data within a substation LAN environment. Actual MMS protocol services are mapped to IEC 61850 abstract ser-
vices in IEC 61850-8-1.
The L90 relay supports IEC 61850 server services over both TCP/IP and TP4/CLNP (OSI) communication protocol stacks.
The TP4/CLNP profile requires the L90 to have a network address or Network Service Access Point (NSAP) to establish a
communication link. The TCP/IP profile requires the L90 to have an IP address to establish communications. These
addresses are located in the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ NETWORK menu. Note that the L90
supports IEC 61850 over the TP4/CLNP or TCP/IP stacks, and also operation over both stacks simultaneously. It is possi-
ble to have up to five simultaneous connections (in addition to DNP and Modbus/TCP (non-IEC 61850) connections).
• Client/server: This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and com-
munication activity is controlled by the client. IEC 61850 clients are often substation computers running HMI programs
or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such as protection relays, meters, RTUs, trans-
former tap changers, or bay controllers.
• Peer-to-peer: This is a non-connection-oriented, high speed type of communication usually between substation equip-
ment such as protection relays. GSSE and GOOSE are methods of peer-to-peer communication.
• Substation configuration language (SCL): A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe
the configuration of substation equipment. Each configured device has an IEC Capability Description (ICD) file. The
substation single line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The entire substation con-
figuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the combination of the individ-
ual ICD files and the SSD file.
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System C-1

C.2 SERVER DATA ORGANIZATION APPENDIX C
C.2SERVER DATA ORGANIZATION C.2.1 OVERVIEW
IEC 61850 defines an object-oriented approach to data and services. An IEC 61850 physical device can contain one or
more logical device(s). Each logical device can contain many logical nodes. Each logical node can contain many data
objects. Each data object is composed of data attributes and data attribute components. Services are available at each
level for performing various functions, such as reading, writing, control commands, and reporting.
Each L90 IED represents one IEC 61850 physical device. The physical device contains one logical device, and the logical
device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD1 contains information about the L90 IED physical device. The
logical node LLN0 contains information about the L90 IED logical device.
C.2.2 GGIO1: DIGITAL STATUS VALUES
C The GGIO1 logical node is available in the L90 to provide access to as many 128 digital status points and associated time-
stamps and quality flags. The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO1 provides digital status
points for access by clients.
It is intended that clients use GGIO1 in order to access digital status values from the L90. Configuration settings are pro-
vided to allow the selection of the number of digital status indications available in GGIO1 (8 to 128), and to allow the choice
of the L90 FlexLogic™ operands that drive the status of the GGIO1 status indications. Clients can utilize the IEC 61850
buffered and unbuffered reporting features available from GGIO1 in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI
display screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability reduces the
chances of missing data state changes. Unbuffered reporting should generally be used for local status display.
C.2.3 GGIO2: DIGITAL CONTROL VALUES
The GGIO2 logical node is available to provide access to the L90 virtual inputs. Virtual inputs are single-point control
(binary) values that can be written by clients. They are generally used as control inputs. GGIO2 provides access to the vir-
tual inputs through the IEC 61850 standard control model (ctlModel) services:
• Status only.
• Direct control with normal security.
• SBO control with normal security.
Configuration settings are available to select the control model for each point. Each virtual input used through GGIO2
should have its VIRTUAL INPUT 1(64) FUNCTION setting programmed as “Enabled” and its corresponding GGIO2 CF SPSCO1(64)
CTLMODEL setting programmed to the appropriate control configuration.
C.2.4 GGIO3: DIGITAL STATUS AND ANALOG VALUES FROM RECEIVED GOOSE DATA
The GGIO3 logical node is available to provide access for clients to values received via configurable GOOSE messages.
The values of the digital status indications and analog values in GGIO3 originate in GOOSE messages sent from other
devices.
C.2.5 GGIO4: GENERIC ANALOG MEASURED VALUES
The GGIO4 logical node provides access to as many as 32 analog value points, as well as associated timestamps and
quality flags. The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO4 provides analog values for access
by clients.
It is intended that clients use GGIO4 to access generic analog values from the L90. Configuration settings allow the selec-
tion of the number of analog values available in GGIO4 (4 to 32) and the choice of the FlexAnalog™ values that determine
the value of the GGIO4 analog inputs. Clients can utilize polling or the IEC 61850 unbuffered reporting feature available
from GGIO4 in order to obtain the analog values provided by GGIO4.
C-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

APPENDIX C C.2 SERVER DATA ORGANIZATION
C.2.6 MMXU: ANALOG MEASURED VALUES
A limited number of measured analog values are available through the MMXU logical nodes.
Each MMXU logical node provides data from a L90 current and voltage source. There is one MMXU available for each con-
figurable source (programmed in the SETTINGS ÖØ SYSTEM SETUP ÖØ SIGNAL SOURCES menu). MMXU1 provides data
from L90 source 1, and MMXU2 provides data from L90 source 2.
MMXU data is provided in two forms: instantaneous and deadband. The instantaneous values are updated every time a
read operation is performed by a client. The deadband values are calculated as described in IEC 61850 parts 7-1 and 7-3.
The selection of appropriate deadband settings for the L90 is described in chapter 5 of this manual.
IEC 61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting capability is available in all MMXU logical nodes. MMXUx logical nodes pro-
vide the following data for each source:
• MMXU1.MX.TotW: three-phase real power
• MMXU1.MX.TotVAr: three-phase reactive power
C
• MMXU1.MX.TotVA: three-phase apparent power
• MMXU1.MX.TotPF: three-phase power factor
• MMXU1.MX.Hz: frequency
• MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsAB: phase AB voltage magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsBC: phase BC voltage magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.PPV.phsCA: Phase CA voltage magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsA: phase AG voltage magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsB: phase BG voltage magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsC: phase CG voltage magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.A.phsA: phase A current magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.A.phsB: phase B current magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.A.phsC: phase C current magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.A.neut: ground current magnitude and angle
• MMXU1.MX.W.phsA: phase A real power
• MMXU1.MX.W.phsB: phase B real power
• MMXU1.MX.W.phsC: phase C real power
• MMXU1.MX.VAr.phsA: phase A reactive power
• MMXU1.MX.VAr.phsB: phase B reactive power
• MMXU1.MX.VAr.phsC: phase C reactive power
• MMXU1.MX.VA.phsA: phase A apparent power
• MMXU1.MX.VA.phsB: phase B apparent power
• MMXU1.MX.VA.phsC: phase C apparent power
• MMXU1.MX.PF.phsA: phase A power factor
• MMXU1.MX.PF.phsB: phase B power factor
• MMXU1.MX.PF.phsC: phase C power factor
C.2.7 PROTECTION AND OTHER LOGICAL NODES
The following list describes the protection elements for all UR-series relays. The L90 relay will contain a subset of protec-
tion elements from this list.
• PDIF: bus differential, transformer instantaneous differential, transformer percent differential

C.2 SERVER DATA ORGANIZATION APPENDIX C
• PDIS: phase distance, ground distance

• PIOC: phase instantaneous overcurrent, neutral instantaneous overcurrent, ground instantaneous overcurrent, nega-
tive-sequence instantaneous overcurrent.
• PTOC: phase time overcurrent, neutral time overcurrent, ground time overcurrent, negative-sequence time overcur-
rent, neutral directional overcurrent, negative-sequence directional overcurrent
• PTUV: phase undervoltage, auxiliary undervoltage, third harmonic neutral undervoltage
• PTOV: phase overvoltage, neutral overvoltage, auxiliary overvoltage, negative sequence overvoltage
• RBRF: breaker failure
• RREC: autoreclosure
• RPSB: power swing detection
C • RFLO: fault locator

• XCBR: breaker control
• XSWI: circuit switch
• CSWI: switch controller
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags. For example, the start flag for PIOC1 is
PIOC1.ST.Str.general. The operate flag for PIOC1 is PIOC1.ST.Op.general. For the L90 protection elements, these flags
take their values from the pickup and operate FlexLogic™ operands for the corresponding element.
Some protection elements listed above contain directional start values. For example, the directional start value for PDIS1 is
PDIS1.ST.Str.dirGeneral. This value is built from the directional FlexLogic™ operands for the element.
The RFLO logical node contains the measurement of the distance to fault calculation in kilometers. This value originates in
the fault locator function.
The XCBR logical node is directly associated with the breaker control feature.
• XCBR1.ST.Loc: This is the state of the XCBR1 local/remote switch. A setting is provided to assign a FlexLogic™ oper-
and to determine the state. When local mode is true, IEC 61850 client commands will be rejected.
• XCBR1.ST.Opcnt: This is an operation counter as defined in IEC 61850. Command settings are provided to allow the
counter to be cleared.
• XCBR1.ST.Pos: This is the position of the breaker. The breaker control FlexLogic™ operands are used to determine
this state. If the breaker control logic indicates that the breaker, or any single pole of the breaker, is closed, then the
breaker position state is “on”. If the breaker control logic indicates that the breaker is open, then the breaker position
state is “off”.
• XCBR1.ST.BlkOpn: This is the state of the block open command logic. When true, breaker open commands from IEC
61850 clients will be rejected.
• XCBR1.ST.BlkCls: This is the state of the block close command logic. When true, breaker close commands from IEC
61850 clients will be rejected.
• XCBR1.CO.Pos: This is where IEC 61850 clients can issue open or close commands to the breaker. SBO control with
normal security is the only supported IEC 61850 control model.
• XCBR1.CO.BlkOpn: This is where IEC 61850 clients can issue block open commands to the breaker. Direct control
with normal security is the only supported IEC 61850 control model.
• XCBR1.CO.BlkCls: This is where IEC 61850 clients can issue block close commands to the breaker. Direct control
with normal security is the only supported IEC 61850 control model.

APPENDIX C C.3 SERVER FEATURES AND CONFIGURATION
C.3SERVER FEATURES AND CONFIGURATION C.3.1 BUFFERED/UNBUFFERED REPORTING
IEC 61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting is provided in the GGIO1 logical nodes (for binary status values) and MMXU1
to MMXU6 (for analog measured values). Report settings can be configured using the EnerVista UR Setup software, sub-
station configurator software, or via an IEC 61850 client. The following items can be configured:
• TrgOps: Trigger options. The following bits are supported by the L90:
– Bit 1: data-change
– Bit 4: integrity
– Bit 5: general interrogation
• OptFlds: Option Fields. The following bits are supported by the L90:
– Bit 1: sequence-number
– Bit 2: report-time-stamp
C
– Bit 3: reason-for-inclusion
– Bit 4: data-set-name
– Bit 5: data-reference
– Bit 6: buffer-overflow (for buffered reports only)
– Bit 7: entryID (for buffered reports only)
– Bit 8: conf-revision
– Bit 9: segmentation
• IntgPd: Integrity period.
• BufTm: Buffer time.
C.3.2 FILE TRANSFER
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record, or other files from a L90 relay.
C.3.3 TIMESTAMPS AND SCANNING
The timestamp values associated with all IEC 61850 data items represent the time of the last change of either the value or
quality flags of the data item. To accomplish this functionality, all IEC 61850 data items must be regularly scanned for data
changes, and the timestamp updated when a change is detected, regardless of the connection status of any IEC 61850 cli-
ents. For applications where there is no IEC 61850 client in use, the IEC 61850 SERVER SCANNING setting can be pro-
grammed as “Disabled”. If a client is in use, this setting should be programmed as “Enabled” to ensure the proper
generation of IEC 61850 timestamps.
C.3.4 LOGICAL DEVICE NAME
The logical device name is used to identify the IEC 61850 logical device that exists within the L90. This name is composed
of two parts: the IED name setting and the logical device instance. The complete logical device name is the combination of
the two character strings programmed in the IEDNAME and LD INST settings. The default values for these strings are “IED-
Name” and “LDInst”. These values should be changed to reflect a logical naming convention for all IEC 61850 logical
devices in the system.
C.3.5 LOCATION
The LPHD1 logical node contains a data attribute called location (LPHD1.DC.PhyNam.location). This is a character string
meant to describe the physical location of the L90. This attribute is programmed through the LOCATION setting and its
default value is “Location”. This value should be changed to describe the actual physical location of the L90.

C.3 SERVER FEATURES AND CONFIGURATION APPENDIX C
C.3.6 LOGICAL NODE NAME PREFIXES
IEC 61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters. The name is composed of:
• a five or six-character name prefix.
• a four-character standard name (for example, MMXU, GGIO, PIOC, etc.).
• a one or two-character instantiation index.
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPIOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable. Details regarding the
logical node naming rules are given in IEC 61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is recommended that a consistent naming convention
be used for an entire substation project.
C.3.7 CONNECTION TIMING
C A built-in TCP/IP connection timeout of two minutes is employed by the L90 to detect ‘dead’ connections. If there is no data
traffic on a TCP connection for greater than two minutes, the connection will be aborted by the L90. This frees up the con-
nection to be used by other clients. Therefore, when using IEC 61850 reporting, clients should configure report control
block items such that an integrity report will be issued at least every 2 minutes (120000 ms). This ensures that the L90 will
not abort the connection. If other MMS data is being polled on the same connection at least once every 2 minutes, this tim-
eout will not apply.
C.3.8 NON-IEC 61850 DATA
The L90 relay makes available a number of non-IEC 61850 data items. These data items can be accessed through the
“UR” MMS domain. IEC 61850 data can be accessed through the standard IEC 61850 logical device. To access the non-
IEC data items, the INCLUDE NON-IEC DATA setting must be “Enabled”.
C.3.9 COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE UTILITIES
The exact structure and values of the supported IEC 61850 logical nodes can be seen by connecting to a L90 relay with an
MMS browser, such as the “MMS Object Explorer and AXS4-MMS” DDE/OPC server from Sisco Inc.

APPENDIX C C.4 GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT SERVICES: GSSE AND GOOSE
C.4GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT SERVICES: GSSE AND GOOSE C.4.1 OVERVIEW
IEC 61850 specifies two types of peer-to-peer data transfer services: Generic Substation State Events (GSSE) and Generic
Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE). GSSE services are compatible with UCA 2.0 GOOSE. IEC 61850 GOOSE
services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support, Ethernet priority tagging, and Ethertype Application ID configuration. The sup-
port for VLANs and priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be given
a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific VLANs. Because of the additional
features of GOOSE services versus GSSE services, it is recommended that GOOSE be used wherever backwards com-
patibility with GSSE (or UCA 2.0 GOOSE) is not required.
Devices that transmit GSSE and/or GOOSE messages also function as servers. Each GSSE publisher contains a “GSSE
control block” to configure and control the transmission. Each GOOSE publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to con-
figure and control the transmission. The transmission is also controlled via device settings. These settings can be seen in
the ICD and/or SCD files, or in the device configuration software or files.
IEC 61850 recommends a default priority value of 4 for GOOSE. Ethernet traffic that does not contain a priority tag has a
C
default priority of 1. More details are specified in IEC 61850 part 8-1.
IEC 61850 recommends that the Ethertype Application ID number be configured according to the GOOSE source. In the
L90, the transmitted GOOSE Application ID number must match the configured receive Application ID number in the
receiver. A common number may be used for all GOOSE transmitters in a system. More details are specified in IEC 61850
part 8-1.
C.4.2 GSSE CONFIGURATION
IEC 61850 Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE) communication is compatible with UCA GOOSE communication.
GSSE messages contain a number of double point status data items. These items are transmitted in two pre-defined data
structures named DNA and UserSt. Each DNA and UserSt item is referred to as a ‘bit pair’. GSSE messages are transmit-
ted in response to state changes in any of the data points contained in the message. GSSE messages always contain the
same number of DNA and UserSt bit pairs. Depending the on the configuration, only some of these bit pairs may have val-
ues that are of interest to receiving devices.
The GSSE FUNCTION, GSSE ID, and GSSE DESTINATION MAC ADDRESS settings are used to configure GSSE transmission.
GSSE FUNCTION is set to “Enabled” to enable the transmission. If a valid multicast Ethernet MAC address is entered for the
GSSE DESTINATION MAC ADDRESS setting, this address will be used as the destination MAC address for GSSE messages. If
a valid multicast Ethernet MAC address is not entered (for example, 00 00 00 00 00 00), the L90 will use the source Ether-
net MAC address as the destination, with the multicast bit set.
C.4.3 FIXED GOOSE
The L90 supports two types of IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) communication: fixed
GOOSE and configurable GOOSE. All GOOSE messages contain IEC 61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this dataset
that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The dataset transferred using the L90 fixed GOOSE is the same data
that is transferred using the GSSE feature; that is, the DNA and UserSt bit pairs. The FlexLogic™ operands that determine
the state of the DNA and UserSt bit pairs are configurable via settings, but the fixed GOOSE dataset always contains the
same DNA/UserSt data structure. Upgrading from GSSE to GOOSE services is simply a matter of enabling fixed GOOSE
and disabling GSSE. The remote inputs and outputs are configured in the same manner for both GSSE and fixed GOOSE.
It is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between UR-
series IEDs. Configurable GOOSE may be used for implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between UR-series
IEDs and devices from other manufacturers.
C.4.4 CONFIGURABLE GOOSE
The configurable GOOSE feature allows for the configuration of the datasets to be transmitted or received from the L90.
The L90 supports the configuration of eight (8) transmission and reception datasets, allowing for the optimization of data
transfer between devices.

C.4 GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT SERVICES: GSSE AND GOOSE APPENDIX C
Items programmed for dataset 1 and 2 will have changes in their status transmitted as soon as the change is detected.
Dataset 1 should be used for high-speed transmission of data that is required for applications such as transfer tripping,
blocking, and breaker fail initiate. At least one digital status value needs to be configured in dataset 1 to enable transmis-
sion of all data configured for dataset 1. Configuring analog data only to dataset 1 will not activate transmission.
Items programmed for datasets 3 through 8 will have changes in their status transmitted at a maximum rate of every
100 ms. Datasets 3 through 8 will regularly analyze each data item configured within them every 100 ms to identify if any
changes have been made. If any changes in the data items are detected, these changes will be transmitted through a
GOOSE message. If there are no changes detected during this 100 ms period, no GOOSE message will be sent.
For all datasets 1 through 8, the integrity GOOSE message will still continue to be sent at the pre-configured rate even if no
changes in the data items are detected.
The GOOSE functionality was enhanced to prevent the relay from flooding a communications network with GOOSE mes-
sages due to an oscillation being created that is triggering a message.
C The L90 has the ability of detecting if a data item in one of the GOOSE datasets is erroneously oscillating. This can be
caused by events such as errors in logic programming, inputs improperly being asserted and de-asserted, or failed station
components. If erroneously oscillation is detected, the L90 will stop sending GOOSE messages from the dataset for a min-
imum period of one second. Should the oscillation persist after the one second time-out period, the L90 will continue to
block transmission of the dataset. The L90 will assert the MAINTENANCE ALERT: GGIO Ind XXX oscill self-test error mes-
sage on the front panel display, where XXX denotes the data item detected as oscillating.
The configurable GOOSE feature is recommended for applications that require GOOSE data transfer between UR-series
IEDs and devices from other manufacturers. Fixed GOOSE is recommended for applications that require GOOSE data
transfer between UR-series IEDs.
IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be correct to achieve the
successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the transmission and reception devices are an exact
match in terms of data structure, and that the GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly. Manual configuration is
possible, but third-party substation configuration software may be used to automate the process. The EnerVista UR Setup-
software can produce IEC 61850 ICD files and import IEC 61850 SCD files produced by a substation configurator (refer to
the IEC 61850 IED configuration section later in this appendix).
The following example illustrates the configuration required to transfer IEC 61850 data items between two devices. The
general steps required for transmission configuration are:
1. Configure the transmission dataset.
The general steps required for reception configuration are:
1. Configure the reception dataset.
This example shows how to configure the transmission and reception of three IEC 61850 data items: a single point status
value, its associated quality flags, and a floating point analog value.
The following procedure illustrates the transmission configuration.
1. Configure the transmission dataset by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION ÖØ
IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE Ö CONFIGURABLE
GOOSE 1 ÖØ CONFIG GSE 1 DATASET ITEMS settings menu:
The transmission dataset now contains a set of quality flags and a single point status Boolean value. The reception
dataset on the receiving device must exactly match this structure.
2. Configure the GOOSE service settings by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION
ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION Ö TRANSMISSION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE Ö CONFIGU-
RABLE GOOSE 1 settings menu:

APPENDIX C C.4 GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT SERVICES: GSSE AND GOOSE
– Set CONFIG GSE 1 FUNCTION to “Enabled”.

– Set CONFIG GSE 1 ID to an appropriate descriptive string (the default value is “GOOSEOut_1”).
– Set CONFIG GSE 1 DST MAC to a multicast address (for example, 01 00 00 12 34 56).
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 VLAN PRIORITY; the default value of “4” is OK for this example.
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 VLAN ID value; the default value is “0”, but some switches may require this value to be “1”.
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 ETYPE APPID value. This setting represents the Ethertype application ID and must match the
configuration on the receiver (the default value is “0”).
– Set the CONFIG GSE 1 CONFREV value. This value changes automatically as described in IEC 61850 part 7-2. For
this example it can be left at its default value.
3. Configure the data by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION ÖØ IEC 61850 PROTO-
COL Ö GGIO1 STATUS CONFIGURATION settings menu:
– Set GGIO1 INDICATION 1 to a FlexLogic™ operand used to provide the status of GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal (for example,
C
a contact input, virtual input, a protection element status, etc.).
The L90 must be rebooted (control power removed and re-applied) before these settings take effect.
The following procedure illustrates the reception configuration.
1. Configure the reception dataset by making the following changes in the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATION ÖØ IEC
61850 PROTOCOL Ö GSSE/GOOSE CONFIGURATION ÖØ RECEPTION ÖØ CONFIGURABLE GOOSE Ö CONFIGURABLE GOOSE
1 ÖØ CONFIG GSE 1 DATASET ITEMS settings menu:
The reception dataset now contains a set of quality flags, a single point status Boolean value, and a floating point ana-
log value. This matches the transmission dataset configuration above.
2. Configure the GOOSE service settings by making the following changes in the INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE DEVICES
ÖØ REMOTE DEVICE 1 settings menu:
– Set REMOTE DEVICE 1 ID to match the GOOSE ID string for the transmitting device. Enter “GOOSEOut_1”.
– Set REMOTE DEVICE 1 ETYPE APPID to match the Ethertype application ID from the transmitting device. This is “0” in
the example above.
– Set the REMOTE DEVICE 1 DATASET value. This value represents the dataset number in use. Since we are using
configurable GOOSE 1 in this example, program this value as “GOOSEIn 1”.
3. Configure the data by making the following changes in the INPUTS/OUTPUTS ÖØ REMOTE INPUTS ÖØ REMOTE INPUT 1
settings menu:
– Set REMOTE IN 1 DEVICE to “GOOSEOut_1”.
– Set REMOTE IN 1 ITEM to “Dataset Item 2”. This assigns the value of the GGIO3.ST.Ind1.stVal single point status
item to remote input 1.
Remote input 1 can now be used in FlexLogic™ equations or other settings. The L90 must be rebooted (control power
removed and re-applied) before these settings take effect.
The value of remote input 1 (Boolean on or off) in the receiving device will be determined by the GGIO1.ST.Ind1.stVal value
in the sending device. The above settings will be automatically populated by the EnerVista UR Setup software when a com-
plete SCD file is created by third party substation configurator software.
C.4.5 ETHERNET MAC ADDRESS FOR GSSE/GOOSE
Ethernet capable devices each contain a unique identifying address called a Media Access Control (MAC) address. This
address cannot be changed and is unique for each Ethernet device produced worldwide. The address is six bytes in length
and is usually represented as six hexadecimal values (for example, 00 A0 F4 01 02 03). It is used in all Ethernet frames as
the ‘source’ address of the frame. Each Ethernet frame also contains a destination address. The destination address can
be different for each Ethernet frame depending on the intended destination of the frame.

C.4 GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT SERVICES: GSSE AND GOOSE APPENDIX C
A special type of destination address called a multicast address is used when the Ethernet frame can be received by more
than one device. An Ethernet MAC address is multicast when the least significant bit of the first byte is set (for example, 01
00 00 00 00 00 is a multicast address).
GSSE and GOOSE messages must have multicast destination MAC addresses.
By default, the L90 is configured to use an automated multicast MAC scheme. If the L90 destination MAC address setting
is not a valid multicast address (that is, the least significant bit of the first byte is not set), the address used as the destina-
tion MAC will be the same as the local MAC address, but with the multicast bit set. Thus, if the local MAC address is 00 A0
F4 01 02 03, then the destination MAC address will be 01 A0 F4 01 02 03.
C.4.6 GSSE ID AND GOOSE ID SETTINGS
GSSE messages contain an identifier string used by receiving devices to identify the sender of the message, defined in IEC
C 61850 part 8-1 as GsID. This is a programmable 65-character string. This string should be chosen to provide a descriptive
name of the originator of the GSSE message.
GOOSE messages contain an identifier string used by receiving devices to identify the sender of the message, defined in
IEC 61850 part 8-1 as GoID. This programmable 65-character string should be a descriptive name of the originator of the
GOOSE message. GOOSE messages also contain two additional character strings used for identification of the message:
DatSet - the name of the associated dataset, and GoCBRef - the reference (name) of the associated GOOSE control block.
These strings are automatically populated and interpreted by the L90; no settings are required.

APPENDIX C C.5 IEC 61850 IMPLEMENTATION VIA ENERVISTA UR SETUP
C.5IEC 61850 IMPLEMENTATION VIA ENERVISTA UR SETUP C.5.1 OVERVIEW
The L90 can be configured for IEC 61850 via the EnerVista UR Setup software as follows.
1. An ICD file is generated for the L90 by the EnerVista UR Setup software that describe the capabilities of the IED.
2. The ICD file is then imported into a system configurator along with other ICD files for other IEDs (from GE or other ven-
dors) for system configuration.
3. The result is saved to a SCD file, which is then imported back to EnerVista UR Setup to create one or more settings
file(s). The settings file(s) can then be used to update the relay(s) with the new configuration information.
The configuration process is illustrated below.
Creating ICD (GE Multilin)
IEC 61850 related Process of Process of Process of

C
configuration for the creating ICD creating ICD creating ICD
IED (UR-series) IED (GSSE/GOOSE, (vendor 2) (vendor 3) (vendor N)
OR server, logical node
prefixes, MMXU
Setting files EnerVista deadbands, GGIO2
(.URS) UR Setup control, etc.)
ICD file 2 ICD file 3 ICD file N

ICD file 1
Import
System
specification data SSD file
System specification tool
System configurator
System Configuration
(network, cross-
communications, IED setting
modification, etc.)
SCD file
Updating IED with new configuration (GE Multilin)
EnerVista UR Setup
Vendor specific tool Vendor specific tool Vendor specific tool

for updating new for updating new for updating new
configuration to IED configuration to IED configuration to IED
URS 1 URS 2 URS X (vendor 2) (vendor 3) (vendor N)
Write settings Write settings file

file to device to other devices
Vendor relay 2 Vendor relay 3 Vendor relay N

UR relay 1 UR relay 2 UR relay X
Ethernet
842790A1.CDR
Figure 0–1: IED CONFIGURATION PROCESS

The following acronyms and abbreviations are used in the procedures describing the IED configuration process for IEC
61850:
• BDA: Basic Data Attribute, that is not structured
• DAI: Instantiated Data Attribute
• DO: Data Object type or instance, depending on the context

C.5 IEC 61850 IMPLEMENTATION VIA ENERVISTA UR SETUP APPENDIX C
• DOI: Instantiated Data Object

• IED: Intelligent Electronic Device
• LDInst: Instantiated Logical Device
• LNInst: Instantiated Logical Node
• SCL: Substation Configuration Description Language. The configuration language is an application of the Extensible
Markup Language (XML) version 1.0.
• SDI: Instantiated Sub DATA; middle name part of a structured DATA name
• UR: GE Multilin Universal Relay series
• URI: Universal Resource Identifier
• URS: UR-series relay setting file
C • XML: Extensible Markup Language
The following SCL variants are also used:
• ICD: IED Capability Description
• CID: Configured IED Description
• SSD: System Specification Description
• SCD: Substation Configuration Description
The following IEC related tools are referenced in the procedures that describe the IED configuration process for IEC 61850:
• System configurator or Substation configurator: This is an IED independent system level tool that can import or
export configuration files defined by IEC 61850-6. It can import configuration files (ICD) from several IEDs for system
level engineering and is used to add system information shared by different IEDs. The system configuration generates
a substation related configuration file (SCD) which is fed back to the IED configurator (for example, EnerVista UR
Setup) for system related IED configuration. The system configurator should also be able to read a system specifica-
tion file (SSD) to use as base for starting system engineering, or to compare it with an engineered system for the same
substation.
• IED configurator: This is a vendor specific tool that can directly or indirectly generate an ICD file from the IED (for
example, from a settings file). It can also import a system SCL file (SCD) to set communication configuration parame-
ters (that is, required addresses, reception GOOSE datasets, IDs of incoming GOOSE datasets, etc.) for the IED. The
IED configurator functionality is implemented in the GE Multilin EnerVista UR Setup software.
C.5.2 CONFIGURING IEC 61850 SETTINGS
Before creating an ICD file, the user can customize the IEC 61850 related settings for the IED. For example, the IED name
and logical device instance can be specified to uniquely identify the IED within the substation, or transmission GOOSE
datasets created so that the system configurator can configure the cross-communication links to send GOOSE messages
from the IED. Once the IEC 61850 settings are configured, the ICD creation process will recognize the changes and gener-
ate an ICD file that contains the updated settings.
Some of the IED settings will be modified during they system configuration process. For example, a new IP address may be
assigned, line items in a Transmission GOOSE dataset may be added or deleted, or prefixes of some logical nodes may be
changed. While all new configurations will be mapped to the L90 settings file when importing an SCD file, all unchanged
settings will preserve the same values in the new settings file.
These settings can be configured either directly through the relay panel or through the EnerVista UR Setup software (pre-
ferred method). The full list of IEC 61850 related settings for are as follows:
• Network configuration: IP address, IP subnet mask, and default gateway IP address (access through the Settings >
Product Setup > Communications > Network menu tree in EnerVista UR Setup).
• Server configuration: IED name and logical device instance (access through the Settings > Product Setup > Com-
munications > IEC 61850 > Server Configuration menu tree in EnerVista UR Setup).
• Logical node prefixes, which includes prefixes for all logical nodes except LLN0 (access through the Settings > Prod-
uct Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > Logical Node Prefixes menu tree in EnerVista UR Setup).

• MMXU deadbands, which includes deadbands for all available MMXUs. The number of MMXUs is related to the num-
ber of CT/VT modules in the relay. There are two MMXUs for each CT/VT module. For example, if a relay contains two
CT/VT modules, there will be four MMXUs available (access through the Settings > Product Setup > Communica-
tions > IEC 61850 > MMXU Deadbands menu tree in EnerVista UR Setup).
• GGIO1 status configuration, which includes the number of status points in GGIO1 as well as the potential internal map-
pings for each GGIO1 indication. However only the number of status points will be used in the ICD creation process
(access through the Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > GGIO1 Status Configuration
menu tree in EnerVista UR Setup).
• GGIO2 control configuration, which includes ctlModels for all SPCSOs within GGIO2 (access through the Settings >
Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > GGIO2 Control Configuration menu tree in EnerVista UR
Setup).
• Configurable transmission GOOSE, which includes eight configurable datasets that can be used for GOOSE transmis-
sion. The GOOSE ID can be specified for each dataset (it must be unique within the IED as well as across the whole
substation), as well as the destination MAC address, VLAN priority, VLAN ID, ETYPE APPID, and the dataset items.
C
The selection of the dataset item is restricted by firmware version; for version 5.7x, only GGIO1.ST.Indx.stVal and
GGIO1.ST.Indx.q are valid selection (where x is between 1 to N, and N is determined by number of GGIO1 status
points). Although configurable transmission GOOSE can also be created and altered by some third-party system con-
figurators, we recommend configuring transmission GOOSE for GE Multilin IEDs before creating the ICD, and strictly
within EnerVista UR Setup software or the front panel display (access through the Settings > Product Setup > Com-
munications > IEC 61850 > GSSE/GOOSE Configuration > Transmission > Tx Configurable GOOSE menu tree
in EnerVista UR Setup).
• Configurable reception GOOSE, which includes eight configurable datasets that can be used for GOOSE reception.
However, unlike datasets for transmission, datasets for reception only contains dataset items, and they are usually cre-
ated automatically by process of importing the SCD file (access through the Settings > Product Setup > Communi-
cations > IEC 61850 > GSSE/GOOSE Configuration > Reception > Rx Configurable GOOSE menu tree in
EnerVista UR Setup).
• Remote devices configuration, which includes remote device ID (GOOSE ID or GoID of the incoming transmission
GOOSE dataset), ETYPE APPID (of the GSE communication block for the incoming transmission GOOSE), and
DATASET (which is the name of the associated reception GOOSE dataset). These settings are usually done automat-
ically by process of importing SCD file (access through the Settings > Inputs/Outputs > Remote Devices menu tree
in EnerVista UR Setup).
• Remote inputs configuration, which includes device (remote device ID) and item (which dataset item in the associated
reception GOOSE dataset to map) values. Only the items with cross-communication link created in SCD file should be
mapped. These configurations are usually done automatically by process of importing SCD file (access through the
Settings > Inputs/Outputs > Remote Inputs menu tree in EnerVista UR Setup).
C.5.3 ABOUT ICD FILES
The SCL language is based on XML, and its syntax definition is described as a W3C XML Schema. ICD is one type of SCL
file (which also includes SSD, CID and SCD files). The ICD file describes the capabilities of an IED and consists of four
major sections:
• Header
• Communication
• IEDs
• DataTypeTemplates

The root file structure of an ICD file is illustrated below.
SCL
Header (id, version, revision, toolID, nameStructure)
Communication
IED (name, type, manufacture, configVersion)
DataTypeTemplates
842795A1.CDR
Figure 0–2: ICD FILE STRUCTURE, SCL (ROOT) NODE

The Header node identifies the ICD file and its version, and specifies options for the mapping of names to signals
C The Communication node describes the direct communication connection possibilities between logical nodes by means of
logical buses (sub-networks) and IED access ports. The communication section is structured as follows.
Communication
SubNetwork (name)
ConnectedAP (iedName, apName)
Address
P (type)
Text
Other P elements
GSE (IdInst, cbName)
Address
P (type)
Text
Other GSE elements Other P elements

842796A1.CDR
Figure 0–3: ICD FILE STRUCTURE, COMMUNICATIONS NODE

The SubNetwork node contains all access points which can (logically) communicate with the sub-network protocol and
without the intervening router. The ConnectedAP node describes the IED access point connected to this sub-network. The
Address node contains the address parameters of the access point. The GSE node provides the address element for stat-
ing the control block related address parameters, where IdInst is the instance identification of the logical device within the
IED on which the control block is located, and cbName is the name of the control block.
The IED node describes the (pre-)configuration of an IED: its access points, the logical devices, and logical nodes instanti-
ated on it. Furthermore, it defines the capabilities of an IED in terms of communication services offered and, together with
its LNType, instantiated data (DO) and its default or configuration values. There should be only one IED section in an ICD
since it only describes one IED.

IED (name, type, manufacture, configVersion)
Services
DynAssoication GetDataSetValue ReadWrite ConfLogControl (max)
GetDirectory SetDataSetValue TimerActivatedControl GSEDir
GetDateObjectDefinition DataSetDirectory ConfReportControl (max) GOOSE (max)
DataObjectDirectory ConfDataSet (max, maxAttributes) GetCBValues GSSE (max)
AccessPoint (name)
Server
Authentication (none) C
LDevice (inst)
LN0 (InType, InClass, inst)
DataSet (name)
FCDA (fc, doName, daName, IdInst, prefix, InClass, InInst)
Other FCDA elements
Other DataSet elements
ReportControl (name, datSet, intgPd, rptID, confRev, buffered)
TrgOps (dchg) OptFields (seqNum) RptEnabled
Other ReportControl elements
DOI (name)
SDI (name) DAI (name)

Val Text
Other DOI elements SDI (name)

DAI (name)
GSEControl (name, datSet, type, confRev, appID) Val Text
Other GSEControl elements
LN (InType, InClass, prefix, inst)
DataSet (name)
FCDA (IdInst, prefix, InClass, InInst, doName, fc)
Other FCDA elements
Other DataSet elements
ReportControl (name, datSet, intgPd, rptID, confRev, buffered)
TrgOps (dchg) OptFields (seqNum) RptEnabled
Other ReportControl elements
DOI (name)
SDI (name) DAI (name)

Val Text
Other DOI elements SDI (name)

DAI (name)
Val Text
Other LN elements
Other LDevice elements

842797A1.CDR
Figure 0–4: ICD FILE STRUCTURE, IED NODE

The DataTypeTemplates node defines instantiable logical node types. A logical node type is an instantiable template of the
data of a logical node. A LnodeType is referenced each time that this instantiable type is needed with an IED. A logical
node type template is built from DATA (DO) elements, which again have a DO type, which is derived from the DATA classes
(CDC). DOs consist of attributes (DA) or of elements of already defined DO types (SDO). The attribute (DA) has a func-
tional constraint, and can either have a basic type, be an enumeration, or a structure of a DAType. The DAType is built from
BDA elements, defining the structure elements, which again can be BDA elements of have a base type such as DA.
DataTypeTemplates
LNodeType (id, InClass)
DO (name, type)
Other DO elements
C Other LNodeType elements
DOType (id, cdc)
SDO (name, type) DA (name, fc, bType, type) Val Text
Other SDO elements Other DA elements
Other DOType elements
DAType (id)
BDA (name, bType, type)
Other BDA elements
Other DAType elements
EnumType (id)
EnumVal (ord) Text
Other EnumVal elements
Other EnumType elements

842798A1.CDR
Figure 0–5: ICD FILE STRUCTURE, DATATYPETEMPLATES NODE

C.5.4 CREATING AN ICD FILE WITH ENERVISTA UR SETUP
An ICD file can be created directly from a connected L90 IED or from an offline L90 settings file with the EnerVista UR
Setup software using the following procedure:
1. Right-click the connected UR-series relay or settings file and select Create ICD File.
2. The EnerVista UR Setup will prompt to save the file. Select the file path and enter the name for the ICD file, then click
OK to generate the file.
The time to create an ICD file from the offline L90 settings file is typically much quicker than create an ICD file directly from
the relay.
C.5.5 ABOUT SCD FILES
System configuration is performed in the system configurator. While many vendors (including GE Multilin) are working their
own system configuration tools, there are some system configurators available in the market (for example, Siemens DIGSI
version 4.6 or above and ASE Visual SCL Beta 0.12).
Although the configuration tools vary from one vendor to another, the procedure is pretty much the same. First, a substation
project must be created, either as an empty template or with some system information by importing a system specification
file (SSD). Then, IEDs are added to the substation. Since each IED is represented by its associated ICD, the ICD files are
imported into the substation project, and the system configurator validates the ICD files during the importing process. If the
ICD files are successfully imported into the substation project, it may be necessary to perform some additional minor steps
to attach the IEDs to the substation (see the system configurator manual for details).
Once all IEDs are inserted into the substation, further configuration is possible, such as:
• assigning network addresses to individual IEDs
• customizing the prefixes of logical nodes
• creating cross-communication links (configuring GOOSE messages to send from one IED to others)
When system configurations are complete, the results are saved to an SCD file, which contains not only the configuration
for each IED in the substation, but also the system configuration for the entire substation. Finally, the SCD file is passed
back to the IED configurator (vendor specific tool) to update the new configuration into the IED.
The SCD file consists of at least five major sections:

• Header
• Substation
• Communication
• IED section (one or more)
• DataTypeTemplates
The root file structure of an SCD file is illustrated below.
SCL
Header (id, version, revision, toolID, nameStructure)
C Substation
Communication
IED Section (IED 1)
IED Section (IED 2)
Other IED Sections
DataTypeTemplates
842791A1.CDR
Figure 0–6: SCD FILE STRUCTURE, SCL (ROOT) NODE

Like ICD files, the Header node identifies the SCD file and its version, and specifies options for the mapping of names to
signals.
The Substation node describes the substation parameters:
Substation
PowerSystemResource
EquipmentContainer Power Transformer
GeneralEquipment
EquipmentContainer
VoltageLevel Bay
Voltage
PowerSystemResource
Function SubFunction
GeneralEquipment
842792A1.CDR
Figure 0–7: SCD FILE STRUCTURE, SUBSTATION NODE

The Communication node describes the direct communication connection possibilities between logical nodes by means of
logical buses (sub-networks) and IED access ports. The communication section is structured as follows.
Communication
SubNetwork (name)
ConnectedAP (IED 1)
Address
P (type)
Text
Other P elements
GSE (IdInst, cbName) C

Address
P (type)
Other GSE elements Text
Other P elements
ConnectedAP (IED 2)
Address
P (type)
Text
Other P elements
GSE (IdInst, cbName)
Address
P (type)
Text
Other P elements
Other GSE elements
Other ConnectedAP elements

842793A1.CDR
Figure 0–8: SCD FILE STRUCTURE, COMMUNICATIONS NODE

The SubNetwork node contains all access points which can (logically) communicate with the sub-network protocol and
without the intervening router. The ConnectedAP node describes the IED access point connected to this sub-network. The
Address node contains the address parameters of the access point. The GSE node provides the address element for stat-
ing the control block related address parameters, where IdInst is the instance identification of the logical device within the
IED on which the control block is located, and cbName is the name of the control block.

The IED Section node describes the configuration of an IED.
IED Section (IED 1)
AccessPoint (name)
Server
Authentication (none)
LDevice (inst)
LN0 (InType, InClass, inst)
DataSet elements
C ReportControl elements
DOI elements
Inputs
ExtRef (iedName, ldInst, prefix, lnClass, lnInst, doName, daName, intAddr)
Other ExtRef elements
GSEControl elements
842794A1.CDR
Figure 0–9: SCD FILE STRUCTURE, IED NODE
C.5.6 IMPORTING AN SCD FILE WITH ENERVISTA UR SETUP
The following procedure describes how to update the L90 with the new configuration from an SCD file with the EnerVista
UR Setup software.
1. Right-click anywhere in the files panel and select the Import Contents From SCD File item.
2. Select the saved SCD file and click Open.

3. The software will open the SCD file and then prompt the user to save a UR-series settings file. Select a location and
name for the URS (UR-series relay settings) file.
If there is more than one GE Multilin IED defined in the SCD file, the software prompt the user to save a UR-series set-
tings file for each IED.
4. After the URS file is created, modify any settings (if required).
5. To update the relay with the new settings, right-click on the settings file in the settings tree and select the Write Set-
tings File to Device item.
6. The software will prompt for the target device. Select the target device from the list provided and click Send. The new
settings will be updated to the selected device.

C.6 ACSI CONFORMANCE APPENDIX C
C.6ACSI CONFORMANCE C.6.1 ACSI BASIC CONFORMANCE STATEMENT
SERVICES SERVER/ UR-FAMILY

PUBLISHER
CLIENT-SERVER ROLES
B11 Server side (of Two-party Application-Association) c1 Yes
B12 Client side (of Two-party Application-Association) ---
SCSMS SUPPORTED
B21 SCSM: IEC 61850-8-1 used Yes
B22 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-1 used
B23 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-2 used
C B24 SCSM: other

GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT MODEL (GSE)
B31 Publisher side O Yes
B32 Subscriber side --- Yes
TRANSMISSION OF SAMPLED VALUE MODEL (SVC)
B41 Publisher side O
B42 Subscriber side ---
c1: shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
NOTE M: Mandatory
C.6.2 ACSI MODELS CONFORMANCE STATEMENT

PUBLISHER
IF SERVER SIDE (B11) SUPPORTED
M1 Logical device c2 Yes
M2 Logical node c3 Yes
M3 Data c4 Yes
M4 Data set c5 Yes
M5 Substitution O
M6 Setting group control O
REPORTING
M7 Buffered report control O Yes
M7-1 sequence-number
M7-2 report-time-stamp
M7-3 reason-for-inclusion
M7-4 data-set-name
M7-5 data-reference
M7-6 buffer-overflow
M7-7 entryID
M7-8 BufTm
M7-9 IntgPd
M7-10 GI
M8 Unbuffered report control O Yes
M8-1 sequence-number
M8-2 report-time-stamp
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion

APPENDIX C C.6 ACSI CONFORMANCE

PUBLISHER
M8-4 data-set-name
M8-5 data-reference
M8-6 BufTm
M8-7 IntgPd
M8-8 GI
Logging O
M9 Log control O
M9-1 IntgPd
M10 Log O
M11 Control M Yes
IF GSE (B31/32) IS SUPPORTED C
GOOSE O Yes
M12-1 entryID
M12-2 DataReflnc
M13 GSSE O Yes
IF SVC (B41/B42) IS SUPPORTED
M14 Multicast SVC O
M15 Unicast SVC O
M16 Time M Yes
M17 File transfer O Yes
c2: shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
c3: shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
NOTE c4: shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has been declared
c5: shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
C.6.3 ACSI SERVICES CONFORMANCE STATEMENT
In the table below, the acronym AA refers to Application Associations (TP: Two Party / MC: Multicast). The c6 to c10 entries
are defined in the notes following the table.
SERVICES AA: TP/MC SERVER/ UR FAMILY

PUBLISHER
SERVER (CLAUSE 6)
S1 ServerDirectory TP M Yes
APPLICATION ASSOCIATION (CLAUSE 7)
S2 Associate M Yes
S3 Abort M Yes
S4 Release M Yes
LOGICAL DEVICE (CLAUSE 8)
S5 LogicalDeviceDirectory TP M Yes
LOGICAL NODE (CLAUSE 9)
S6 LogicalNodeDirectory TP M Yes
S7 GetAllDataValues TP M Yes
DATA (CLAUSE 10)
S8 GetDataValues TP M Yes
S9 SetDataValues TP O Yes
S10 GetDataDirectory TP M Yes
S11 GetDataDefinition TP M Yes

C.6 ACSI CONFORMANCE APPENDIX C

PUBLISHER
DATA SET (CLAUSE 11)
S12 GetDataSetValues TP M Yes
S13 SetDataSetValues TP O
S14 CreateDataSet TP O
S15 DeleteDataSet TP O
S16 GetDataSetDirectory TP O Yes
SUBSTITUTION (CLAUSE 12)
S17 SetDataValues TP M
SETTING GROUP CONTROL (CLAUSE 13)
S18 SelectActiveSG TP O
C S19 SelectEditSG TP O
S20 SetSGValues TP O
S21 ConfirmEditSGValues TP O
S22 GetSGValues TP O
S23 GetSGCBValues TP O
REPORTING (CLAUSE 14)
BUFFERED REPORT CONTROL BLOCK (BRCB)
S24 Report TP c6 Yes
S24-1 data-change (dchg) Yes
S24-2 qchg-change (qchg)
S24-3 data-update (dupd)
S25 GetBRCBValues TP c6 Yes
S26 SetBRCBValues TP c6 Yes
UNBUFFERED REPORT CONTROL BLOCK (URCB)
S27 Report TP c6 Yes
S27-1 data-change (dchg) Yes
S27-2 qchg-change (qchg)
S27-3 data-update (dupd)
S28 GetURCBValues TP c6 Yes
S29 SetURCBValues TP c6 Yes
LOGGING (CLAUSE 14)
LOG CONTROL BLOCK
S30 GetLCBValues TP M
S31 SetLCBValues TP M
LOG
S32 QueryLogByTime TP M
S33 QueryLogByEntry TP M
S34 GetLogStatusValues TP M
GENERIC SUBSTATION EVENT MODEL (GSE) (CLAUSE 14.3.5.3.4)
GOOSE-CONTROL-BLOCK
S35 SendGOOSEMessage MC c8 Yes
S36 GetReference TP c9
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber TP c9
S38 GetGoCBValues TP O Yes
S39 SetGoCBValues TP O Yes
GSSE-CONTROL-BLOCK
S40 SendGSSEMessage MC c8 Yes
S41 GetReference TP c9

APPENDIX C C.6 ACSI CONFORMANCE

PUBLISHER
S42 GetGSSEElementNumber TP c9
S43 GetGsCBValues TP O Yes
S44 SetGsCBValues TP O Yes
TRANSMISSION OF SAMPLE VALUE MODEL (SVC) (CLAUSE 16)
MULTICAST SVC
S45 SendMSVMessage MC c10
S46 GetMSVCBValues TP O
S47 SetMSVCBValues TP O
UNICAST SVC
S48 SendUSVMessage MC c10
S49 GetUSVCBValues TP O C
S50 SetUSVCBValues TP O
CONTROL (CLAUSE 16.4.8)
S51 Select O Yes
S52 SelectWithValue TP O
S53 Cancel TP O Yes
S54 Operate TP M Yes
S55 Command-Termination TP O
S56 TimeActivated-Operate TP O
FILE TRANSFER (CLAUSE 20)
S57 GetFile TP M Yes
S58 SetFile TP O
S59 DeleteFile TP O
S60 GetFileAttributeValues TP M Yes
TIME (CLAUSE 5.5)
T1 Time resolution of internal clock 20
(nearest negative power of 2 in
seconds)
T2 Time accuracy of internal clock
T3 supported TimeStamp resolution 20
(nearest value of 2–n in seconds,
accoridng to 5.5.3.7.3.3)
c6: shall declare support for at least one (BRCB or URCB)

c7: shall declare support for at least one (QueryLogByTime or QueryLogAfter)
NOTE c8: shall declare support for at least one (SendGOOSEMessage or SendGSSEMessage)
c9: shall declare support if TP association is available
c10: shall declare support for at least one (SendMSVMessage or SendUSVMessage)

C.7 LOGICAL NODES APPENDIX C
C.7LOGICAL NODES C.7.1 LOGICAL NODES TABLE
The UR-series of relays supports IEC 61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table. Note that the actual instantia-
tion of each logical node is determined by the product order code. For example. the logical node “PDIS” (distance protec-
tion) is available only in the D60 Line Distance Relay.
Table C–1: IEC 61850 LOGICAL NODES (Sheet 1 of 3)

NODES UR-FAMILY
L: SYSTEM LOGICAL NODES
LPHD: Physical device information Yes
LLN0: Logical node zero Yes
P: LOGICAL NODES FOR PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
C PDIF: Differential Yes
PDIR: Direction comparison ---
PDIS: Distance Yes
PDOP: Directional overpower ---
PDUP: Directional underpower ---
PFRC: Rate of change of frequency ---
PHAR: Harmonic restraint ---
PHIZ: Ground detector ---
PIOC: Instantaneous overcurrent Yes
PMRI Motor restart inhibition ---
PMSS: Motor starting time supervision ---
POPF: Over power factor ---
PPAM: Phase angle measuring ---
PSCH: Protection scheme ---
PSDE: Sensitive directional earth fault ---
PTEF: Transient earth fault ---
PTOC: Time overcurrent Yes
PTOF: Overfrequency ---
PTOV: Overvoltage Yes
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning Yes
PTTR: Thermal overload Yes
PTUC: Undercurrent ---
PTUV: Undervoltage Yes
PUPF: Underpower factor ---
PTUF: Underfrequency ---
PVOC: Voltage controlled time overcurrent ---
PVPH: Volts per Hz ---
PZSU: Zero speed or underspeed ---
R: LOGICAL NODES FOR PROTECTION RELATED FUNCTIONS
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function ---
RADR: Disturbance recorder channel analogue ---
RBDR: Disturbance recorder channel binary ---
RDRS: Disturbance record handling ---
RBRF: Breaker failure Yes
RDIR: Directional element ---
RFLO: Fault locator Yes
RPSB: Power swing detection/blocking Yes
RREC: Autoreclosing Yes

APPENDIX C C.7 LOGICAL NODES

NODES UR-FAMILY
RSYN: Synchronism-check or synchronizing ---
C: LOGICAL NODES FOR CONTROL
CALH: Alarm handling ---
CCGR: Cooling group control ---
CILO: Interlocking ---
CPOW: Point-on-wave switching ---
CSWI: Switch controller Yes
G: LOGICAL NODES FOR GENERIC REFERENCES
GAPC: Generic automatic process control ---
GGIO: Generic process I/O
GSAL: Generic security application
Yes
---
C
I: LOGICAL NODES FOR INTERFACING AND ARCHIVING
IARC: Archiving ---
IHMI: Human machine interface ---
ITCI: Telecontrol interface ---
ITMI: Telemonitoring interface ---
A: LOGICAL NODES FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL
ANCR: Neutral current regulator ---
ARCO: Reactive power control ---
ATCC: Automatic tap changer controller ---
AVCO: Voltage control ---
M: LOGICAL NODES FOR METERING AND MEASUREMENT
MDIF: Differential measurements ---
MHAI: Harmonics or interharmonics ---
MHAN: Non phase related harmonics or interharmonic ---
MMTR: Metering ---
MMXN: Non phase related measurement Yes
MMXU: Measurement Yes
MSQI: Sequence and imbalance ---
MSTA: Metering statistics ---
S: LOGICAL NODES FOR SENSORS AND MONITORING
SARC: Monitoring and diagnostics for arcs ---
SIMG: Insulation medium supervision (gas) ---
SIML: Insulation medium supervision (liquid) ---
SPDC: Monitoring and diagnostics for partial discharges ---
X: LOGICAL NODES FOR SWITCHGEAR
XCBR: Circuit breaker Yes
XSWI: Circuit switch Yes
T: LOGICAL NODES FOR INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
TCTR: Current transformer ---
TVTR: Voltage transformer ---
Y: LOGICAL NODES FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
YEFN: Earth fault neutralizer (Peterson coil) ---
YLTC: Tap changer ---
YPSH: Power shunt ---
YPTR: Power transformer ---

C.7 LOGICAL NODES APPENDIX C

NODES UR-FAMILY
Z: LOGICAL NODES FOR FURTHER POWER SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
ZAXN: Auxiliary network ---
ZBAT: Battery ---
ZBSH: Bushing ---
ZCAB: Power cable ---
ZCAP: Capacitor bank ---
ZCON: Converter ---
ZGEN: Generator ---
ZGIL: Gas insulated line ---
C ZLIN: Power overhead line

ZMOT: Motor
---
---
ZREA: Reactor ---
ZRRC: Rotating reactive component ---
ZSAR: Surge arrestor ---
ZTCF: Thyristor controlled frequency converter ---
ZTRC: Thyristor controlled reactive component ---

APPENDIX D D.1 IEC 60870-5-104
APPENDIX D IEC 60870-5-104 COMMUNICATIONSD.1IEC 60870-5-104 D.1.1 INTEROPERABILITY DOCUMENT
This document is adapted from the IEC 60870-5-104 standard. For ths section the boxes indicate the following: 4 – used in
standard direction; – not used; – cannot be selected in IEC 60870-5-104 standard.
1. SYSTEM OR DEVICE:
System Definition
Controlling Station Definition (Master)
4 Controlled Station Definition (Slave)
2. NETWORK CONFIGURATION:
Point-to-Point Multipoint
Multiple Point-to-Point Multipoint Star
3. PHYSICAL LAYER
Transmission Speed (control direction):
Unbalanced Interchange Unbalanced Interchange Balanced Interchange Circuit
Circuit V.24/V.28 Standard: Circuit V.24/V.28 Recommended X.24/X.27:
if >1200 bits/s: D
100 bits/sec. 2400 bits/sec. 2400 bits/sec.
600 bits/sec. 19200 bits/sec.
56000 bits/sec.
64000 bits/sec.
Transmission Speed (monitor direction):
Unbalanced Interchange Unbalanced Interchange Balanced Interchange Circuit
Circuit V.24/V.28 Standard: Circuit V.24/V.28 Recommended X.24/X.27:
if >1200 bits/s:
56000 bits/sec.
64000 bits/sec.
4. LINK LAYER
Link Transmission Procedure: Address Field of the Link:
Balanced Transmision Not Present (Balanced Transmission Only)
Unbalanced Transmission One Octet
Two Octets
Structured
Unstructured
Frame Length (maximum length, number of octets): Not selectable in companion IEC 60870-5-104 standard
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System D-1

D.1 IEC 60870-5-104 APPENDIX D
When using an unbalanced link layer, the following ADSU types are returned in class 2 messages (low priority) with the
indicated causes of transmission:
The standard assignment of ADSUs to class 2 messages is used as follows:
A special assignment of ADSUs to class 2 messages is used as follows:
5. APPLICATION LAYER
Transmission Mode for Application Data:
Mode 1 (least significant octet first), as defined in Clause 4.10 of IEC 60870-5-4, is used exclusively in this companion
stanadard.
Common Address of ADSU:
One Octet
4 Two Octets
Information Object Address:
One Octet 4 Structured
D Two Octets 4 Unstructured

4 Three Octets
Cause of Transmission:
One Octet
4 Two Octets (with originator address). Originator address is set to zero if not used.
Maximum Length of APDU: 253 (the maximum length may be reduced by the system.
Selection of standard ASDUs:
For the following lists, the boxes indicate the following: 4 – used in standard direction; – not used; – cannot be
selected in IEC 60870-5-104 standard.
Process information in monitor direction
4 <1> := Single-point information M_SP_NA_1
<2> := Single-point information with time tag M_SP_TA_1
<3> := Double-point information M_DP_NA_1
<4> := Double-point information with time tag M_DP_TA_1
<5> := Step position information M_ST_NA_1
<6> := Step position information with time tag M_ST_TA_1
<7> := Bitstring of 32 bits M_BO_NA_1
<8> := Bitstring of 32 bits with time tag M_BO_TA_1
<9> := Measured value, normalized value M_ME_NA_1
<10> := Measured value, normalized value with time tag M_NE_TA_1
<11> := Measured value, scaled value M_ME_NB_1
<12> := Measured value, scaled value with time tag M_NE_TB_1
4 <13> := Measured value, short floating point value M_ME_NC_1
<14> := Measured value, short floating point value with time tag M_NE_TC_1
4 <15> := Integrated totals M_IT_NA_1
<16> := Integrated totals with time tag M_IT_TA_1
<17> := Event of protection equipment with time tag M_EP_TA_1
<18> := Packed start events of protection equipment with time tag M_EP_TB_1
<19> := Packed output circuit information of protection equipment with time tag M_EP_TC_1
<20> := Packed single-point information with status change detection M_SP_NA_1
D-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

<21> := Measured value, normalized value without quantity descriptor M_ME_ND_1
4 <30> := Single-point information with time tag CP56Time2a M_SP_TB_1

<31> := Double-point information wiht time tag CP56Time2a M_DP_TB_1
<32> := Step position information with time tag CP56Time2a M_ST_TB_1
<33> := Bitstring of 32 bits with time tag CP56Time2a M_BO_TB_1
<34> := Measured value, normalized value with time tag CP56Time2a M_ME_TD_1
<35> := Measured value, scaled value with time tag CP56Time2a M_ME_TE_1
<36> := Measured value, short floating point value with time tag CP56Time2a M_ME_TF_1
4 <37> := Integrated totals with time tag CP56Time2a M_IT_TB_1
<38> := Event of protection equipment with time tag CP56Time2a M_EP_TD_1
<39> := Packed start events of protection equipment with time tag CP56Time2a M_EP_TE_1
<40> := Packed output circuit information of protection equipment with time tag CP56Time2a M_EP_TF_1
Either the ASDUs of the set <2>, <4>, <6>, <8>, <10>, <12>, <14>, <16>, <17>, <18>, and <19> or of the set
<30> to <40> are used.
Process information in control direction
4 <45> := Single command C_SC_NA_1
D
<46> := Double command C_DC_NA_1
<47> := Regulating step command C_RC_NA_1
<48> := Set point command, normalized value C_SE_NA_1
<49> := Set point command, scaled value C_SE_NB_1
<50> := Set point command, short floating point value C_SE_NC_1
<51> := Bitstring of 32 bits C_BO_NA_1
4 <58> := Single command with time tag CP56Time2a C_SC_TA_1

<59> := Double command with time tag CP56Time2a C_DC_TA_1
<60> := Regulating step command with time tag CP56Time2a C_RC_TA_1
<61> := Set point command, normalized value with time tag CP56Time2a C_SE_TA_1
<62> := Set point command, scaled value with time tag CP56Time2a C_SE_TB_1
<63> := Set point command, short floating point value with time tag CP56Time2a C_SE_TC_1
<64> := Bitstring of 32 bits with time tag CP56Time2a C_BO_TA_1
Either the ASDUs of the set <45> to <51> or of the set <58> to <64> are used.
System information in monitor direction
4 <70> := End of initialization M_EI_NA_1
System information in control direction

4 <100> := Interrogation command C_IC_NA_1
4 <101> := Counter interrogation command C_CI_NA_1
4 <102> := Read command C_RD_NA_1
4 <103> := Clock synchronization command (see Clause 7.6 in standard) C_CS_NA_1
<104> := Test command C_TS_NA_1
4 <105> := Reset process command C_RP_NA_1
<106> := Delay acquisition command C_CD_NA_1
4 <107> := Test command with time tag CP56Time2a C_TS_TA_1

Parameter in control direction

<110> := Parameter of measured value, normalized value PE_ME_NA_1
<111> := Parameter of measured value, scaled value PE_ME_NB_1
4 <112> := Parameter of measured value, short floating point value PE_ME_NC_1
<113> := Parameter activation PE_AC_NA_1
File transfer
<120> := File Ready F_FR_NA_1
<121> := Section Ready F_SR_NA_1
<122> := Call directory, select file, call file, call section F_SC_NA_1
<123> := Last section, last segment F_LS_NA_1
<124> := Ack file, ack section F_AF_NA_1
<125> := Segment F_SG_NA_1
<126> := Directory (blank or X, available only in monitor [standard] direction) C_CD_NA_1
Type identifier and cause of transmission assignments

D (station-specific parameters)
In the following table:
•Shaded boxes are not required.
•Black boxes are not permitted in this companion standard.
•Blank boxes indicate functions or ASDU not used.
•‘X’ if only used in the standard direction
TYPE IDENTIFICATION CAUSE OF TRANSMISSION
REQUEST BY GROUP <N> COUNTER REQ
UNKNOWN INFORMATION OBJECT ADDR

UNKNOWN COMMON ADDRESS OF ADSU
INTERROGATED BY GROUP <NUMBER>
RETURN INFO CAUSED BY LOCAL CMD
UNKNOWN CAUSE OF TRANSMISSION

UNKNOWN TYPE IDENTIFICATION
DEACTIVATION CONFIRMATION
ACTIVATION CONFIRMATION
ACTIVATION TERMINATION
REQUEST OR REQUESTED
BACKGROUND SCAN
PERIODIC, CYCLIC
FILE TRANSFER
SPONTANEOUS
DEACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
INITIALIZED
20 37
NO. MNEMONIC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 to to 44 45 46 47
36 41
<1> M_SP_NA_1 X X X X X
<2> M_SP_TA_1
<3> M_DP_NA_1
<4> M_DP_TA_1
<5> M_ST_NA_1
<6> M_ST_TA_1
<7> M_BO_NA_1
<8> M_BO_TA_1
<9> M_ME_NA_1



BACKGROUND SCAN
PERIODIC, CYCLIC
FILE TRANSFER
SPONTANEOUS
DEACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
INITIALIZED
20 37
NO. MNEMONIC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 to to 44 45 46 47
36 41
<10> M_ME_TA_1 D
<11> M_ME_NB_1
<12> M_ME_TB_1
<13> M_ME_NC_1 X X X X
<14> M_ME_TC_1
<15> M_IT_NA_1 X X
<16> M_IT_TA_1
<17> M_EP_TA_1
<18> M_EP_TB_1
<19> M_EP_TC_1
<20> M_PS_NA_1
<21> M_ME_ND_1
<30> M_SP_TB_1 X X X
<31> M_DP_TB_1
<32> M_ST_TB_1
<33> M_BO_TB_1
<34> M_ME_TD_1
<35> M_ME_TE_1
<36> M_ME_TF_1
<37> M_IT_TB_1 X X
<38> M_EP_TD_1
<39> M_EP_TE_1
<40> M_EP_TF_1
<45> C_SC_NA_1 X X X X X
<46> C_DC_NA_1
<47> C_RC_NA_1
<48> C_SE_NA_1
<49> C_SE_NB_1
<50> C_SE_NC_1
<51> C_BO_NA_1
<58> C_SC_TA_1 X X X X X
<59> C_DC_TA_1
<60> C_RC_TA_1



BACKGROUND SCAN
PERIODIC, CYCLIC
FILE TRANSFER
SPONTANEOUS
DEACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
INITIALIZED
20 37
NO. MNEMONIC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 to to 44 45 46 47
36 41
D <61>
<62>
C_SE_TA_1
C_SE_TB_1
<63> C_SE_TC_1
<64> C_BO_TA_1
<70> M_EI_NA_1*) X
<100> C_IC_NA_1 X X X X X
<101> C_CI_NA_1 X X X
<102> C_RD_NA_1 X
<103> C_CS_NA_1 X X X
<104> C_TS_NA_1
<105> C_RP_NA_1 X X
<106> C_CD_NA_1
<107> C_TS_TA_1
<110> P_ME_NA_1
<111> P_ME_NB_1
<112> P_ME_NC_1 X X X
<113> P_AC_NA_1
<120> F_FR_NA_1
<121> F_SR_NA_1
<122> F_SC_NA_1
<123> F_LS_NA_1
<124> F_AF_NA_1
<125> F_SG_NA_1
<126> F_DR_TA_1*)
6. BASIC APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

Station Initialization:
4 Remote initialization
Cyclic Data Transmission:
4 Cyclic data transmission
Read Procedure:
4 Read procedure

Spontaneous Transmission:
4 Spontaneous transmission
Double transmission of information objects with cause of transmission spontaneous:
The following type identifications may be transmitted in succession caused by a single status change of an information
object. The particular information object addresses for which double transmission is enabled are defined in a project-
specific list.
Single point information: M_SP_NA_1, M_SP_TA_1, M_SP_TB_1, and M_PS_NA_1
Double point information: M_DP_NA_1, M_DP_TA_1, and M_DP_TB_1
Step position information: M_ST_NA_1, M_ST_TA_1, and M_ST_TB_1
Bitstring of 32 bits: M_BO_NA_1, M_BO_TA_1, and M_BO_TB_1 (if defined for a specific project)
Measured value, normalized value: M_ME_NA_1, M_ME_TA_1, M_ME_ND_1, and M_ME_TD_1
Measured value, scaled value: M_ME_NB_1, M_ME_TB_1, and M_ME_TE_1
Measured value, short floating point number: M_ME_NC_1, M_ME_TC_1, and M_ME_TF_1
Station interrogation:
4 Global D
4 Group 1 4 Group 5 4 Group 9 4 Group 13
Clock synchronization:
4 Clock synchronization (optional, see Clause 7.6)
Command transmission:
4 Direct command transmission
Direct setpoint command transmission
4 Select and execute command
Select and execute setpoint command
4 C_SE ACTTERM used
4 No additional definition
4 Short pulse duration (duration determined by a system parameter in the outstation)
4 Long pulse duration (duration determined by a system parameter in the outstation)
4 Persistent output
4 Supervision of maximum delay in command direction of commands and setpoint commands

Maximum allowable delay of commands and setpoint commands: 10 s
Transmission of integrated totals:
4 Mode A: Local freeze with spontaneous transmission
4 Mode B: Local freeze with counter interrogation
4 Mode C: Freeze and transmit by counter-interrogation commands
4 Mode D: Freeze by counter-interrogation command, frozen values reported simultaneously
4 Counter read
4 Counter freeze without reset

4 Counter freeze with reset

4 Counter reset
4 General request counter

4 Request counter group 1
Parameter loading:
4 Threshold value
Smoothing factor
Low limit for transmission of measured values
High limit for transmission of measured values
Parameter activation:
D Activation/deactivation of persistent cyclic or periodic transmission of the addressed object
Test procedure:
Test procedure
File transfer:
File transfer in monitor direction:
Transparent file
Transmission of disturbance data of protection equipment
Transmission of sequences of events
Transmission of sequences of recorded analog values
File transfer in control direction:
Transparent file
Background scan:
Background scan
Acquisition of transmission delay:
Acquisition of transmission delay
Definition of time outs:

PARAMETER DEFAULT REMARKS SELECTED
VALUE VALUE
t0 30 s Timeout of connection establishment 120 s
t1 15 s Timeout of send or test APDUs 15 s
t2 10 s Timeout for acknowlegements in case of no data messages t2 < t1 10 s
t3 20 s Timeout for sending test frames in case of a long idle state 20 s
Maximum range of values for all time outs: 1 to 255 s, accuracy 1 s

Maximum number of outstanding I-format APDUs k and latest acknowledge APDUs (w):
PARAMETER DEFAULT REMARKS SELECTED
VALUE VALUE
k 12 APDUs Maximum difference receive sequence number to send state variable 12 APDUs
w 8 APDUs Latest acknowledge after receiving w I-format APDUs 8 APDUs

Maximum range of values k: 1 to 32767 (215 – 1) APDUs, accuracy 1 APDU

Maximum range of values w: 1 to 32767 APDUs, accuracy 1 APDU
Recommendation: w should not exceed two-thirds of k.
Portnumber:
PARAMETER VALUE REMARKS
Portnumber 2404 In all cases
RFC 2200 suite:

RFC 2200 is an official Internet Standard which describes the state of standardization of protocols used in the Internet
as determined by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). It offers a broad spectrum of actual standards used in the Inter-
net. The suitable selection of documents from RFC 2200 defined in this standard for given projects has to be chosen
by the user of this standard.
4 Ethernet 802.3
Serial X.21 interface
Other selection(s) from RFC 2200 (list below if selected)
D.1.2 POINT LIST

D
The IEC 60870-5-104 data points are configured through the SETTINGS Ö PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP /
menu. Refer to the Communications section of Chapter 5 for additional details.
IEC104 POINT LISTS


APPENDIX E E.1 DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT
APPENDIX E DNP COMMUNICATIONSE.1DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT E.1.1 DNP V3.00 DEVICE PROFILE
The following table provides a ‘Device Profile Document’ in the standard format defined in the DNP 3.0 Subset Definitions
Document.
Table E–1: DNP V3.00 DEVICE PROFILE (Sheet 1 of 3)
(Also see the IMPLEMENTATION TABLE in the following section)
Vendor Name: General Electric Multilin
Device Name: UR Series Relay
Highest DNP Level Supported: Device Function:

For Requests: Level 2 Master
For Responses: Level 2 4 Slave
Notable objects, functions, and/or qualifiers supported in addition to the Highest DNP Levels Supported (the complete
list is described in the attached table):
Binary Inputs (Object 1)
Binary Input Changes (Object 2)
Binary Outputs (Object 10)
Control Relay Output Block (Object 12)
Binary Counters (Object 20)
E
Frozen Counters (Object 21)
Counter Change Event (Object 22)
Frozen Counter Event (Object 23)
Analog Inputs (Object 30)
Analog Input Changes (Object 32)
Analog Deadbands (Object 34)
Time and Date (Object 50)
File Transfer (Object 70)
Internal Indications (Object 80)
Maximum Data Link Frame Size (octets): Maximum Application Fragment Size (octets):
Transmitted: 292 Transmitted: configurable up to 2048
Received: 292 Received: 2048
Maximum Data Link Re-tries: Maximum Application Layer Re-tries:

4 None 4 None
Fixed at 3 Configurable
Configurable
Requires Data Link Layer Confirmation:

4 Never
Always
Sometimes
Configurable
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System E-1

E.1 DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT APPENDIX E
Requires Application Layer Confirmation:

Never
Always
4 When reporting Event Data
4 When sending multi-fragment responses
Sometimes
Configurable
Timeouts while waiting for:

Data Link Confirm: 4 None Fixed at ____ Variable Configurable
Complete Appl. Fragment: 4 None Fixed at ____ Variable Configurable
Application Confirm: None 4 Fixed at 10 s Variable Configurable
Complete Appl. Response: 4 None Fixed at ____ Variable Configurable
Others:
Transmission Delay: No intentional delay
Need Time Interval: Configurable (default = 24 hrs.)
Select/Operate Arm Timeout: 10 s
Binary input change scanning period: 8 times per power system cycle
Analog input change scanning period: 500 ms
E Counter change scanning period:

Frozen counter event scanning period:
500 ms
500 ms
Unsolicited response notification delay: 100 ms
Unsolicited response retry delay configurable 0 to 60 sec.
Sends/Executes Control Operations:

WRITE Binary Outputs 4 Never Always Sometimes Configurable
SELECT/OPERATE Never 4 Always Sometimes Configurable
DIRECT OPERATE Never 4 Always Sometimes Configurable
DIRECT OPERATE – NO ACK Never 4 Always Sometimes Configurable
Count > 1 4 Never Always Sometimes Configurable

Pulse On Never Always 4 Sometimes Configurable
Pulse Off Never Always 4 Sometimes Configurable
Latch On Never Always 4 Sometimes Configurable
Latch Off Never Always 4 Sometimes Configurable
Queue 4 Never Always Sometimes Configurable

Clear Queue 4 Never Always Sometimes Configurable
Explanation of ‘Sometimes’: Object 12 points are mapped to UR Virtual Inputs. The persistence of Virtual Inputs is
determined by the VIRTUAL INPUT X TYPE settings. Both “Pulse On” and “Latch On” operations perform the same func-
tion in the UR; that is, the appropriate Virtual Input is put into the “On” state. If the Virtual Input is set to “Self-Reset”,
it will reset after one pass of FlexLogic™. The On/Off times and Count value are ignored. “Pulse Off” and “Latch Off”
operations put the appropriate Virtual Input into the “Off” state. “Trip” and “Close” operations both put the appropriate
Virtual Input into the “On” state.
E-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

Reports Binary Input Change Events when no Reports time-tagged Binary Input Change Events when no
specific variation requested: specific variation requested:
Never Never
4 Only time-tagged 4 Binary Input Change With Time
Only non-time-tagged Binary Input Change With Relative Time
Configurable Configurable (attach explanation)
Sends Unsolicited Responses: Sends Static Data in Unsolicited Responses:

Never 4 Never
4 Configurable When Device Restarts
Only certain objects When Status Flags Change
Sometimes (attach explanation)
4 ENABLE/DISABLE unsolicited Function No other options are permitted.
codes supported
Default Counter Object/Variation: Counters Roll Over at:

No Counters Reported No Counters Reported
Configurable (attach explanation) Configurable (attach explanation)
4 Default Object: 20 4 16 Bits (Counter 8)
Default Variation: 1 4 32 Bits (Counters 0 to 7, 9)
4 Point-by-point list attached Other Value: _____
4 Point-by-point list attached E
Sends Multi-Fragment Responses:
4 Yes
No

E.1.2 IMPLEMENTATION TABLE
The following table identifies the variations, function codes, and qualifiers supported by the L90 in both request messages
and in response messages. For static (non-change-event) objects, requests sent with qualifiers 00, 01, 06, 07, or 08, will be
responded with qualifiers 00 or 01. Static object requests sent with qualifiers 17 or 28 will be responded with qualifiers 17 or
28. For change-event objects, qualifiers 17 or 28 are always responded.
Table E–2: IMPLEMENTATION TABLE (Sheet 1 of 4)

OBJECT REQUEST RESPONSE
OBJECT VARIATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION QUALIFIER FUNCTION QUALIFIER
NO. NO. CODES (DEC) CODES (HEX) CODES (DEC) CODES (HEX)
1 0 Binary Input (Variation 0 is used to request 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop)
default variation) 22 (assign class) 06 (no range, or all)
07, 08 (limited quantity)
17, 28 (index)
1 Binary Input 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
22 (assign class) 06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
07, 08 (limited quantity) (see Note 2)
17, 28 (index)
2 Binary Input with Status 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
2 0 Binary Input Change (Variation 0 is used to 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
request default variation) 07, 08 (limited quantity)
1 Binary Input Change without Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
07, 08 (limited quantity) 130 (unsol. resp.)
E 2 Binary Input Change with Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
129 (response
130 (unsol. resp.)
17, 28 (index)
3 Binary Input Change with Relative Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
10 0 Binary Output Status (Variation 0 is used to 1 (read) 00, 01(start-stop)
request default variation) 06 (no range, or all)
17, 28 (index)
2 Binary Output Status 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
17, 28 (index)
12 1 Control Relay Output Block 3 (select) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) echo of request
4 (operate) 07, 08 (limited quantity)
5 (direct op) 17, 28 (index)
6 (dir. op, noack)
20 0 Binary Counter 1 (read) 00, 01(start-stop)
(Variation 0 is used to request default 7 (freeze) 06(no range, or all)
variation) 8 (freeze noack) 07, 08(limited quantity)
9 (freeze clear) 17, 28(index)
10 (frz. cl. noack)
22 (assign class)
1 32-Bit Binary Counter 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
7 (freeze) 06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
8 (freeze noack) 07, 08 (limited quantity) (see Note 2)
9 (freeze clear) 17, 28 (index)
10 (frz. cl. noack)
22 (assign class)
Note 1: A default variation refers to the variation responded when variation 0 is requested and/or in class 0, 1, 2, or 3 scans. The default varia-
tions for object types 1, 2, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, and 32 are selected via relay settings. Refer to the Communications section in Chapter 5
for details. This optimizes the class 0 poll data size.
Note 2: For static (non-change-event) objects, qualifiers 17 or 28 are only responded when a request is sent with qualifiers 17 or 28, respec-
tively. Otherwise, static object requests sent with qualifiers 00, 01, 06, 07, or 08, will be responded with qualifiers 00 or 01 (for change-
event objects, qualifiers 17 or 28 are always responded.)
Note 3: Cold restarts are implemented the same as warm restarts – the L90 is not restarted, but the DNP process is restarted.


20 2 16-Bit Binary Counter 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
cont’d 7 (freeze) 06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
10 (frz. cl. noack)
22 (assign class)
5 32-Bit Binary Counter without Flag 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
10 (frz. cl. noack)
22 (assign class)
6 16-Bit Binary Counter without Flag 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
10 (frz. cl. noack)
22 (assign class)
21 0 Frozen Counter 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop)
(Variation 0 is used to request default 22 (assign class) 06 (no range, or all)
variation) 07, 08 (limited quantity)
17, 28 (index)
1 32-Bit Frozen Counter 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index) E
2 16-Bit Frozen Counter 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
9 32-Bit Frozen Counter without Flag 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
10 16-Bit Frozen Counter without Flag 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
22 0 Counter Change Event (Variation 0 is used 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
to request default variation) 07, 08 (limited quantity)
1 32-Bit Counter Change Event 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
2 16-Bit Counter Change Event 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
5 32-Bit Counter Change Event with Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
6 16-Bit Counter Change Event with Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
23 0 Frozen Counter Event (Variation 0 is used 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
1 32-Bit Frozen Counter Event 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
2 16-Bit Frozen Counter Event 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)


23 5 32-Bit Frozen Counter Event with Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
cont’d 07, 08 (limited quantity) 130 (unsol. resp.)
6 16-Bit Frozen Counter Event with Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
30 0 Analog Input (Variation 0 is used to request 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop)
default variation) 22 (assign class) 06 (no range, or all)
17, 28 (index)
1 32-Bit Analog Input 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
2 16-Bit Analog Input 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
3 32-Bit Analog Input without Flag 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
4 16-Bit Analog Input without Flag 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
E 5 short floating point 1 (read)

22 (assign class)
00, 01 (start-stop)
06(no range, or all)
129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
07, 08(limited quantity) (see Note 2)
17, 28(index)
32 0 Analog Change Event (Variation 0 is used 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
1 32-Bit Analog Change Event without Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
2 16-Bit Analog Change Event without Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
3 32-Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
4 16-Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
5 short floating point Analog Change Event 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
without Time 07, 08 (limited quantity) 130 (unsol. resp.)
7 short floating point Analog Change Event 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all) 129 (response) 17, 28 (index)
with Time 07, 08 (limited quantity) 130 (unsol. resp.)
34 0 Analog Input Reporting Deadband 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop)
(Variation 0 is used to request default 06 (no range, or all)
variation) 07, 08 (limited quantity)
17, 28 (index)
1 16-bit Analog Input Reporting Deadband 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
(default – see Note 1) 06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
17, 28 (index)
2 (write) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)


34 2 32-bit Analog Input Reporting Deadband 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
cont’d 06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
17, 28 (index)
2 (write) 00, 01 (start-stop)
17, 28 (index)
3 Short floating point Analog Input Reporting 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
Deadband 06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
17, 28 (index)
50 1 Time and Date 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
(default – see Note 1) 2 (write) 06 (no range, or all) 17, 28 (index)
07 (limited qty=1) (see Note 2)
08 (limited quantity)
17, 28 (index)
52 2 Time Delay Fine 129 (response) 07 (limited quantity)
(quantity = 1)
60 0 Class 0, 1, 2, and 3 Data 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
20 (enable unsol)
21 (disable unsol)
22 (assign class)
1 Class 0 Data 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
22 (assign class)
2
3
Class 1 Data
Class 2 Data
1 (read)
20 (enable unsol)
06 (no range, or all)
07, 08 (limited quantity) E
4 Class 3 Data 21 (disable unsol)
22 (assign class)
70 0 File event - any variation 1 (read) 06 (no range, or all)
22 (assign class) 06 (no range, or all)
2 File authentication 29 (authenticate) 5b (free format) 129 (response) 5b (free format)
3 File command 25 (open) 5b (free format)
27 (delete)
4 File command status 26 (close) 5b (free format) 129 (response) 5b (free format)
30 (abort) 130 (unsol. resp.)
5 File transfer 1 (read) 5b (free format) 129 (response) 5b (free format)
2 (write) 130 (unsol. resp.)
6 File transfer status 129 (response) 5b (free format)
130 (unsol. resp.)
7 File descriptor 28 (get file info.) 5b (free format) 129 (response) 5b (free format)
130 (unsol. resp.)
80 1 Internal Indications 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 (response) 00, 01 (start-stop)
(index =7)
2 (write) 00 (start-stop)
(see Note 3) (index =7)
--- No Object (function code only) 13 (cold restart)
see Note 3
--- No Object (function code only) 14 (warm restart)
--- No Object (function code only) 23 (delay meas.)

E.2 DNP POINT LISTS APPENDIX E
E.2DNP POINT LISTS E.2.1 BINARY INPUT POINTS
The DNP binary input data points are configured through the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP / IEC104 POINT
LISTS Ö BINARY INPUT / MSP POINTS menu. Refer to the Communications section of Chapter 5 for additional details. When a
freeze function is performed on a binary counter point, the frozen value is available in the corresponding frozen counter
point.
BINARY INPUT POINTS

Static (Steady-State) Object Number: 1
Change Event Object Number: 2
Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read), 22 (assign class)
Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 2 (Binary Input with status), Configurable
Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 2 (Binary Input Change with Time), Configurable
Change Event Scan Rate: 8 times per power system cycle
Change Event Buffer Size: 500
Default Class for All Points: 1

APPENDIX E E.2 DNP POINT LISTS
E.2.2 BINARY AND CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT
Supported Control Relay Output Block fields: Pulse On, Pulse Off, Latch On, Latch Off, Paired Trip, Paired Close.
BINARY OUTPUT STATUS POINTS

Object Number: 10
Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read)
Default Variation reported when Variation 0 requested: 2 (Binary Output Status)
CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT BLOCKS
Object Number: 12
Request Function Codes supported: 3 (select), 4 (operate), 5 (direct operate), 6 (direct operate, noack)
Table E–3: BINARY/CONTROL OUTPUTS Table E–3: BINARY/CONTROL OUTPUTS

POINT NAME/DESCRIPTION POINT NAME/DESCRIPTION
0 Virtual Input 1 32 Virtual Input 33
E

E.2.3 COUNTERS
The following table lists both Binary Counters (Object 20) and Frozen Counters (Object 21). When a freeze function is per-
formed on a Binary Counter point, the frozen value is available in the corresponding Frozen Counter point.
BINARY COUNTERS
Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read), 7 (freeze), 8 (freeze noack), 9 (freeze and clear),
10 (freeze and clear, noack), 22 (assign class)
Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Binary Counter with Flag)
Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Counter Change Event without time)
Default Class for all points: 3
FROZEN COUNTERS
Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read)
Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Frozen Counter with Flag)
E Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Frozen Counter Event without time)
Default Class for all points: 3
Table E–4: BINARY AND FROZEN COUNTERS

POINT NAME/DESCRIPTION
INDEX
0 Digital Counter 1
1 Digital Counter 2
2 Digital Counter 3
3 Digital Counter 4
4 Digital Counter 5
5 Digital Counter 6
6 Digital Counter 7
7 Digital Counter 8
8 Oscillography Trigger Count
9 Events Since Last Clear
A counter freeze command has no meaning for counters 8 and 9. L90 Digital Counter values are represented as 32-bit inte-
gers. The DNP 3.0 protocol defines counters to be unsigned integers. Care should be taken when interpreting negative
counter values.

APPENDIX E E.2 DNP POINT LISTS
E.2.4 ANALOG INPUTS
The DNP analog input data points are configured through the PRODUCT SETUP ÖØ COMMUNICATIONS ÖØ DNP / IEC104 POINT
LISTS Ö ANALOG INPUT / MME POINTS menu. Refer to the Communications section of Chapter 5 for additional details.
It is important to note that 16-bit and 32-bit variations of analog inputs are transmitted through DNP as signed numbers.
Even for analog input points that are not valid as negative values, the maximum positive representation is 32767 for 16-bit
values and 2147483647 for 32-bit values. This is a DNP requirement.
The deadbands for all Analog Input points are in the same units as the Analog Input quantity. For example, an Analog Input
quantity measured in volts has a corresponding deadband in units of volts. This is in conformance with DNP Technical Bul-
letin 9809-001: Analog Input Reporting Deadband. Relay settings are available to set default deadband values according to
data type. Deadbands for individual Analog Input Points can be set using DNP Object 34.

Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read), 2 (write, deadbands only), 22 (assign class)
Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Analog Input)
Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (Analog Change Event without Time)
Change Event Scan Rate: defaults to 500 ms
Default Class for all Points: 2
E


APPENDIX F F.1 CHANGE NOTES
APPENDIX F MISCELLANEOUSF.1CHANGE NOTES F.1.1 REVISION HISTORY
Table F–1: REVISION HISTORY (Sheet 1 of 2)

MANUAL P/N L90 REVISION RELEASE DATE ECO
1601-0081-A1 1.0x 04 November 1998 N/A
1601-0081-A2 1.0x 09 December 1998 URL-039
1601-0081-A3 1.5x 25 June 1999 URL-051
1601-0081-A4 1.5x 10 August 1999 URL-055
1601-0081-A5 1.5x 02 September 1999 URL-057
1601-0081-A6 2.0x 17 December 1999 URL-063
1601-0081-A7 2.0x 26 January 2000 URL-064
1601-0081-A7-2 2.0x 07 April 2000 URL-068
1601-0081-A8 2.2x 12 May 2000 URL-067
1601-0081-A9 2.2x 14 June 2000 URL-070
1601-0081-A9-2 2.2x 21 June 2000 URL-071
1601-0081-A9-2a 2.2x 28 June 2000 URL-071a
1601-0081-B1 2.4x 08 September 2000 URL-075
1601-0081-B2 2.4x 03 November 2000 URL-077
1601-0081-B3 2.6x 08 March 2001 URL-079
1601-0081-B4 2.8x 24 September 2001 URL-088
1601-0081-B5 2.9x 03 December 2001 URL-090
1601-0081-B6 2.6x 27 February 2004 URX-120
1601-0081-C1 3.0x 02 July 2002 URL-092
1601-0081-C2 3.1x 30 August 2002 URL-098
1601-0081-C3 3.0x 18 November 2002 URL-101
1601-0081-C4 3.1x 18 November 2002 URL-102
1601-0081-C5 3.0x 11 February 2003 URL-105 F
1601-0081-C6 3.1x 11 February 2003 URL-106
1601-0081-D1 3.2x 11 February 2003 URL-108
1601-0081-D2 3.2x 02 June 2003 URX-084
1601-0081-E1 3.3x 01 May 2003 URX-080
1601-0081-E2 3.3x 29 May 2003 URX-083
1601-0081-F1 3.4x 10 December 2003 URX-111
1601-0081-F2 3.4x 09 February 2004 URX-115
1601-0081-G1 4.0x 23 March 2004 URX-123
1601-0081-G2 4.0x 17 May 2004 URX-136
1601-0081-H1 4.2x 30 June 2004 URX-145
1601-0081-H2 4.2x 16 July 2004 URX-151
1601-0081-J1 4.4x 15 September 2004 URX-156
1601-0081-K1 4.6x 15 February 2005 URX-176
1601-0081-L1 4.8x 05 August 2005 URX-202
1601-0081-M1 4.9x 15 December 2005 URX-208
1601-0081-M2 4.9x 27 February 2006 URX-214
1601-0081-N1 5.0x 31 March 2006 URX-217
1601-0081-N2 5.0x 26 May 2006 URX-220
1601-0081-P1 5.2x 23 October 2006 URX-230
1601-0081-P2 5.2x 24 January 2007 URX-232
1601-0081-R1 5.4x 26 June 2007 URX-242
1601-0081-R2 5.4x 31 August 2007 URX-246
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System F-1

F.1 CHANGE NOTES APPENDIX F
Table F–1: REVISION HISTORY (Sheet 2 of 2)

MANUAL P/N L90 REVISION RELEASE DATE ECO
1601-0081-R3 5.4x 17 October 2007 URX-251
1601-0081-S1 5.5x 7 December 2007 URX-253
1601-0081-S2 5.5x 22 February 2008 URX-258
1601-0081-S3 5.5x 12 March 2008 URX-260
1601-0081-T1 5.6x 27 June 2008 08-0390
1601-0081-U1 5.7x 29 May 2009 09-0938
1601-0081-U2 5.7x 30 September 2009 09-1165
F.1.2 CHANGES TO THE L90 MANUAL
Table F–2: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION U2

PAGE PAGE CHANGE DESCRIPTION
(U1) (U2)
Title Title Update Manual part number to 1601-0081-U2
1-1 1-1 Update Updated INSPECTION CHECKLIST section
2-1 2-1 Update Updated OVERVIEW section

2-7 2-7 Update Updated ORDER CODES WITH PROCESS BUS MODULES section
2-21 2-21 Update Updated USER-PROGRAMMABLE ELEMENTS specifications section
2-27 2-27 Update Updated ENVIRONMENTAL specifications section
2-28 2-28 Update Updated TYPE TESTS specifications section
2-28 2-29 Update Updated APPROVALS specifications section
--- 3-35 Add Added TWO-CHANNEL TWO-CLOCK RS422 INTERFACE section
4-14 4-14 Update Updated LED INDICATORS section

F 5-21 5-21 Update Updated IEC 61850 PROTOCOL section
5-73 5-73 Update Updated DISCONNECT SWITCHES section
5-139 5-139 Update Updated GROUND DISTANCE section
5-172 5-172 Update Updated NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT section
5-182 5-182 Update Updated NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT section
5-241 5-241 Update Updated VT FUSE FAILURE section
5-245 5-246 Update Updated PERMISSIVE OVER-REACHING TRANSFER TRIP (POTT) section
9-15 9-15 Update Updated RELAY SYNCHRONIZATION section
C-7 C-7 Update Updated CONFIGURABLE GOOSE section
Table F–3: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION U1 (Sheet 1 of 2)

(T1) (U1)
Title Title Update Manual part number to 1601-0081-U1
2-17 2-17 Update Updated PROTECTION ELEMENTS section for changes to line current differential specifications
2-22 2-22 Update Updated MONITORING specifications section
2-23 2-23 Update Updated INPUTS specifications section
2-27 2-27 Update Updated ENVIRONMENTAL specifications section
2-27 2-28 Update Updated TYPE TESTS specifications section
3-2 3-2 Update Updated VERTICAL UNITS sub-section
F-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

Table F–3: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION U1 (Sheet 2 of 2)

(T1) (U1)
3-13 3-14 Update Updated CONTACT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS section
4-1 4-1 Update Updated USING SETTINGS FILES section
5-8 5-8 Update Updated SECURITY section

5-21 5-21 Update Updated IEC 61850 PROTOCOL sub-section
5-37 5-38 Update Updated OSCILLOGRAPHY section
5-68 5-69 Update Updated BREAKERS section
5-72 5-73 Update Updated DISCONNECT SWITCHES section
--- 5-88 Add Added USER TRIGGERING sub-section
5-100 5-101 Update Updated FLEXLOGIC™ OPERANDS table
5-121 5-122 Update Updated CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL section
5-129 5-130 Update Updated PHASE DISTANCE sub-section
5-137 5-139 Update Updated GROUND DISTANCE sub-section
5-163 5-165 Update Updated PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT section
5-169 5-172 Update Updated NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT section
5-179 5-182 Update Updated NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT section
5-195 5-198 Update Updated PHASE OVERVOLTAGE section
5-213 5-216 Update Updated TRIP OUTPUT section
5-218 5-222 Update Updated SYNCHROCHECK section
5-222 5-226 Update Updated DIGITAL ELEMENTS section
5-230 5-234 Update Updated BREAKER FLASHOVER section
5-237 5-241 Update Updated VT FUSE FAILURE section
5-238 5-242 Update Updated OPEN POLE DETECTOR section
5-243 5-248 Update Updated AUTORECLOSE section
5-258 5-263 Update Updated CONTACT OUTPUTS section F
--- 5-272 Add Added IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS section
--- 5-273 Add Added IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS section
--- 6-8 Add Added IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS section

6-12 6-13 Update Updated DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT section
6-22 6-23 Update Updated PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT RECORDS section
7-2 7-3 Update Updated RELAY MAINTENANCE section

7-7 7-8 Update Updated MINOR SELF-TEST ERRORS section
--- 8-1 Add Added SECURITY chapter
--- 9-4 Add Added GROUND DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT section

8-22 9-23 Update Updated PHASE SELECTION section
--- A-11 Add Added FLEXINTEGER ITEMS section
B-9 B-9 Update Updated MODBUS MEMORY MAP section

B-64 B-66 Update Updated DATA FORMATS section
Table F–4: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION T1 (Sheet 1 of 2)

(S3) (T1)
Title Title Update Manual part number to 1601-0081-T1
2-4 2-4 Update Updated ORDERING section

F.1 CHANGE NOTES APPENDIX F
Table F–4: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION T1 (Sheet 2 of 2)

(S3) (T1)
--- 3-13 Add Added PROCESS BUS MODULES section
--- 5-11 Add Added DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS section

5-20 5-21 Update Updated IEC 61850 PROTOCOL section
--- 5-57 Add Added REMOTE RESOURCES section
5-96 5-100 Update Updated FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS table
--- 5-263 Add Added REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS section
5-269 5-274 Update Updated TEST MODE section
--- 6-4 Add Added REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS section
B-9 B-9 Update Updated MODBUS MEMORY MAP section
Table F–5: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION S3

(S2) (S3)
Title Title Update Manual part number to 1601-0081-S3
2-22 2-22 Update Updated COMMUNICATIONS specifications section

2-23 2-23 Update Updated INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS specifications section
3-7 3-7 Update Updated REAR TERMINAL LAYOUT section

--- 3-45 Add Added ETHERNET SWITCH SELF-TEST ERRORS section
5-198 5-198 Update Update 87L TRIP sub-section
7-6 7-7 Update Updated MINOR SELF-TEST ERROR MESSAGES section
F B-9 B-9 Update Update MODBUS MEMORY MAP section
Table F–6: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION S2

(S1) (S2)
3-39 3-39 Update Updated MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH OVERVIEW section

3-39 3-39 Update Updated MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE HARDWARE section
--- 3-42 Add Added UPLOADING L90 SWITCH MODULE FIRMWARE sub-section
--- 3-42 Add Added SELECTING THE PROPER SWITCH FIRMWARE VERSION sub-section
Table F–7: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION S1 (Sheet 1 of 2)

(R3) (S1)
2-4 2-4 Update Updated ORDERING section

2-6 2-6 Update Updated REPLACEMENT MODULES section
2-21 2-21 Update Updated OUTPUTS specifications section
2-22 2-22 Update Updated COMMUNICATIONS specifications section
3-34 3-35 Update Updated IEEE C37.94 INTERFACE section

--- 3-39 Add Added MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULES section

Table F–7: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION S1 (Sheet 2 of 2)

(R3) (S1)
5-8 5-8 Update Updated PASSWORD SECURITY section (now titled SECURITY)
--- 5-31 Add Added ETHERNET SWITCH sub-section
5-44 5-45 Update Updated USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS section
5-62 5-64 Update Updated BREAKERS section
--- 5-68 Add Added DISCONNECT SWITCHES section
5-90 5-96 Update Updated FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS table
--- 6-8 Add Added ETHERNET SWITCH section

--- 6-22 Add Added PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT RECORDS section
B-9 B-9 Update Update MODBUS MEMORY MAP section for revision 5.5x
Table F–8: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION R3

(R2) (R3)
Title Title Update Manual part number to 1601-0081-R3
--- 4-4 Add Added EXTENDED ENERVISTA UR SETUP FEATURES section
6-24 6-24 Update Updated MODEL INFORMATION section
Table F–9: MAJOR UPDATES FOR L90 MANUAL REVISION R2

(R1) (R2)
Title Title Update Manual part number to 1601-0081-R2
2-18 2-18 Update Updated MONITORING specifications section

F
5-33 5-33 Update Updated FAULT REPORTS section
6-21 6-21 Update Updated FAULT REPORTS section
--- 8-23 Add Added MULTI-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR section

F.2 ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX F
F.2ABBREVIATIONS F.2.1 STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS
A..................... Ampere FREQ ............. Frequency

AC .................. Alternating Current FSK................ Frequency-Shift Keying
A/D ................. Analog to Digital FTP ................ File Transfer Protocol
AE .................. Accidental Energization, Application Entity FxE ................ FlexElement™
AMP ............... Ampere FWD............... Forward
ANG ............... Angle
ANSI............... American National Standards Institute G .................... Generator
AR .................. Automatic Reclosure GE.................. General Electric
ASDU ............. Application-layer Service Data Unit GND............... Ground
ASYM ............. Asymmetry GNTR............. Generator
AUTO ............. Automatic GOOSE.......... General Object Oriented Substation Event
AUX................ Auxiliary GPS ............... Global Positioning System
AVG ................ Average
HARM ............ Harmonic / Harmonics
BER................ Bit Error Rate HCT ............... High Current Time
BF................... Breaker Fail HGF ............... High-Impedance Ground Fault (CT)
BFI.................. Breaker Failure Initiate HIZ ................. High-Impedance and Arcing Ground
BKR................ Breaker HMI ................ Human-Machine Interface
BLK ................ Block HTTP ............. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
BLKG.............. Blocking HYB ............... Hybrid
BPNT.............. Breakpoint of a characteristic
BRKR ............. Breaker I...................... Instantaneous
I_0.................. Zero Sequence current
CAP................ Capacitor I_1.................. Positive Sequence current
CC .................. Coupling Capacitor I_2.................. Negative Sequence current
CCVT ............. Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformer IA ................... Phase A current
CFG................ Configure / Configurable IAB ................. Phase A minus B current
.CFG............... Filename extension for oscillography files IB ................... Phase B current
CHK................ Check IBC................. Phase B minus C current
CHNL ............. Channel IC ................... Phase C current
CLS ................ Close ICA................. Phase C minus A current
CLSD.............. Closed ID ................... Identification
CMND ............ Command IED................. Intelligent Electronic Device
CMPRSN........ Comparison IEC................. International Electrotechnical Commission
CO.................. Contact Output IEEE............... Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
COM............... Communication IG ................... Ground (not residual) current
COMM............ Communications Igd.................. Differential Ground current
COMP ............ Compensated, Comparison IN ................... CT Residual Current (3Io) or Input
CONN............. Connection INC SEQ ........ Incomplete Sequence
CONT ............. Continuous, Contact INIT ................ Initiate
CO-ORD......... Coordination INST............... Instantaneous
F CPU................ Central Processing Unit
CRC ............... Cyclic Redundancy Code
INV................. Inverse
I/O .................. Input/Output
CRT, CRNT .... Current IOC ................ Instantaneous Overcurrent
CSA................ Canadian Standards Association IOV................. Instantaneous Overvoltage
CT .................. Current Transformer IRIG ............... Inter-Range Instrumentation Group
CVT ................ Capacitive Voltage Transformer ISO................. International Standards Organization
IUV................. Instantaneous Undervoltage
D/A ................. Digital to Analog
DC (dc)........... Direct Current K0 .................. Zero Sequence Current Compensation
DD .................. Disturbance Detector kA................... kiloAmpere
DFLT .............. Default kV................... kiloVolt
DGNST........... Diagnostics
DI.................... Digital Input LED................ Light Emitting Diode
DIFF ............... Differential LEO................ Line End Open
DIR ................. Directional LFT BLD ........ Left Blinder
DISCREP ....... Discrepancy LOOP............. Loopback
DIST ............... Distance LPU................ Line Pickup
DMD ............... Demand LRA................ Locked-Rotor Current
DNP................ Distributed Network Protocol LTC ................ Load Tap-Changer
DPO ............... Dropout
DSP................ Digital Signal Processor M.................... Machine
dt .................... Rate of Change mA ................. MilliAmpere
DTT ................ Direct Transfer Trip MAG............... Magnitude
DUTT.............. Direct Under-reaching Transfer Trip MAN............... Manual / Manually
MAX ............... Maximum
ENCRMNT ..... Encroachment MIC ................ Model Implementation Conformance
EPRI............... Electric Power Research Institute MIN ................ Minimum, Minutes
.EVT ............... Filename extension for event recorder files MMI................ Man Machine Interface
EXT ................ Extension, External MMS .............. Manufacturing Message Specification
MRT ............... Minimum Response Time
F ..................... Field MSG............... Message
FAIL................ Failure MTA................ Maximum Torque Angle
FD .................. Fault Detector MTR ............... Motor
FDH................ Fault Detector high-set MVA ............... MegaVolt-Ampere (total 3-phase)
FDL ................ Fault Detector low-set MVA_A ........... MegaVolt-Ampere (phase A)
FLA................. Full Load Current MVA_B ........... MegaVolt-Ampere (phase B)
FO .................. Fiber Optic MVA_C........... MegaVolt-Ampere (phase C)

APPENDIX F F.2 ABBREVIATIONS
MVAR ............. MegaVar (total 3-phase) SAT .................CT Saturation

MVAR_A......... MegaVar (phase A) SBO ................Select Before Operate
MVAR_B......... MegaVar (phase B) SCADA ...........Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
MVAR_C ........ MegaVar (phase C) SEC ................Secondary
MVARH .......... MegaVar-Hour SEL .................Select / Selector / Selection
MW................. MegaWatt (total 3-phase) SENS ..............Sensitive
MW_A ............ MegaWatt (phase A) SEQ ................Sequence
MW_B ............ MegaWatt (phase B) SIR..................Source Impedance Ratio
MW_C ............ MegaWatt (phase C) SNTP ..............Simple Network Time Protocol
MWH .............. MegaWatt-Hour SRC ................Source
SSB.................Single Side Band
N..................... Neutral SSEL...............Session Selector
N/A, n/a .......... Not Applicable STATS.............Statistics
NEG ............... Negative SUPN..............Supervision
NMPLT ........... Nameplate SUPV ..............Supervise / Supervision
NOM............... Nominal SV ...................Supervision, Service
NSAP ............. Network Service Access Protocol SYNC..............Synchrocheck
NTR................ Neutral SYNCHCHK....Synchrocheck
O .................... Over T......................Time, transformer
OC, O/C ......... Overcurrent TC ...................Thermal Capacity
O/P, Op........... Output TCP.................Transmission Control Protocol
OP .................. Operate TCU ................Thermal Capacity Used
OPER ............. Operate TD MULT ........Time Dial Multiplier
OPERATG...... Operating TEMP..............Temperature
O/S ................. Operating System TFTP...............Trivial File Transfer Protocol
OSI ................. Open Systems Interconnect THD ................Total Harmonic Distortion
OSB................ Out-of-Step Blocking TMR ................Timer
OUT................ Output TOC ................Time Overcurrent
OV .................. Overvoltage TOV ................Time Overvoltage
OVERFREQ ... Overfrequency TRANS............Transient
OVLD ............. Overload TRANSF .........Transfer
TSEL...............Transport Selector
P..................... Phase TUC ................Time Undercurrent
PC .................. Phase Comparison, Personal Computer TUV.................Time Undervoltage
PCNT ............. Percent TX (Tx)............Transmit, Transmitter
PF................... Power Factor (total 3-phase)
PF_A .............. Power Factor (phase A) U .....................Under
PF_B .............. Power Factor (phase B) UC...................Undercurrent
PF_C .............. Power Factor (phase C) UCA ................Utility Communications Architecture
PFLL............... Phase and Frequency Lock Loop UDP ................User Datagram Protocol
PHS................ Phase UL ...................Underwriters Laboratories
PICS............... Protocol Implementation & Conformance UNBAL............Unbalance
Statement UR...................Universal Relay
PKP ................ Pickup
PLC ................ Power Line Carrier
URC ................Universal Recloser Control
.URS ...............Filename extension for settings files
F
POS................ Positive UV...................Undervoltage
POTT.............. Permissive Over-reaching Transfer Trip
PRESS ........... Pressure V/Hz ................Volts per Hertz
PRI ................. Primary V_0 .................Zero Sequence voltage
PROT ............. Protection V_1 .................Positive Sequence voltage
PSEL .............. Presentation Selector V_2 .................Negative Sequence voltage
pu ................... Per Unit VA ...................Phase A voltage
PUIB............... Pickup Current Block VAB.................Phase A to B voltage
PUIT ............... Pickup Current Trip VAG ................Phase A to Ground voltage
PUSHBTN ...... Pushbutton VARH ..............Var-hour voltage
PUTT.............. Permissive Under-reaching Transfer Trip VB ...................Phase B voltage
PWM .............. Pulse Width Modulated VBA.................Phase B to A voltage
PWR............... Power VBG ................Phase B to Ground voltage
VC...................Phase C voltage
QUAD............. Quadrilateral VCA ................Phase C to A voltage
VCG ................Phase C to Ground voltage
R..................... Rate, Reverse VF ...................Variable Frequency
RCA................ Reach Characteristic Angle VIBR ...............Vibration
REF ................ Reference VT ...................Voltage Transformer
REM ............... Remote VTFF...............Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure
REV................ Reverse VTLOS ............Voltage Transformer Loss Of Signal
RI.................... Reclose Initiate
RIP ................. Reclose In Progress WDG ...............Winding
RGT BLD........ Right Blinder WH..................Watt-hour
ROD ............... Remote Open Detector w/ opt ..............With Option
RST ................ Reset WRT................With Respect To
RSTR ............. Restrained
RTD................ Resistance Temperature Detector X .....................Reactance
RTU................ Remote Terminal Unit XDUCER.........Transducer
RX (Rx) .......... Receive, Receiver XFMR..............Transformer
s ..................... second Z......................Impedance, Zone

S..................... Sensitive

F.3 WARRANTY APPENDIX F
F.3WARRANTY F.3.1 GE MULTILIN WARRANTY
GE MULTILIN RELAY WARRANTY

General Electric Multilin Inc. (GE Multilin) warrants each relay it manufactures to be free from
defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of 24 months from
date of shipment from factory.
In the event of a failure covered by warranty, GE Multilin will undertake to repair or replace the relay
providing the warrantor determined that it is defective and it is returned with all transportation
charges prepaid to an authorized service centre or the factory. Repairs or replacement under war-
ranty will be made without charge.
Warranty shall not apply to any relay which has been subject to misuse, negligence, accident,
incorrect installation or use not in accordance with instructions nor any unit that has been altered
outside a GE Multilin authorized factory outlet.
F GE Multilin is not liable for special, indirect or consequential damages or for loss of profit or for
expenses sustained as a result of a relay malfunction, incorrect application or adjustment.
For complete text of Warranty (including limitations and disclaimers), refer to GE Multilin Standard
Conditions of Sale.

INDEX
Index
settings ....................................................................... 5-200

Numerics specifications ................................................................. 2-19
AUXILIARY VOLTAGE CHANNEL ..................................... 3-13
10BASE-F AUXILIARY VOLTAGE METERING ................................... 6-16
communications options ................................................. 3-23
description .................................................................... 3-26
interface ........................................................................ 3-35
redundant option ........................................................... 3-23 B
settings ......................................................................... 5-16 BANKS ............................................................ 5-6, 5-59, 5-60
2 TERMINAL MODE ......................................................... 2-12 BATTERY FAILURE ........................................................... 7-8
3 TERMINAL MODE ......................................................... 2-12 BINARY INPUT POINTS .................................................... E-8
87L BINARY OUTPUT POINTS ................................................. E-9
see index entry for CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL BLOCK DIAGRAM ..................................................... 1-3, 2-15
87L DIFFERENTIAL BLOCK SETTING ............................................................... 5-5
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-32 BREAKER ARCING CURRENT
87L TRIP actual values ................................................................. 6-24
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-101 clearing .................................................................. 5-14, 7-2
settings ............................................................. 5-205, 5-206 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-102
logic ............................................................................ 5-233
measurement ............................................................... 5-233
A Modbus registers ................................................. B-15, B-38
settings ....................................................................... 5-232
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................... F-6 specifications ................................................................. 2-20
AC CURRENT INPUTS ................................... 2-23, 3-12, 5-59 BREAKER CONTROL
AC VOLTAGE INPUTS .............................................2-23, 3-13 control of 2 breakers ...................................................... 4-24
ACTIVATING THE RELAY ........................................1-17, 4-27 description ..................................................................... 4-23
ACTIVE SETTING GROUP ............................................. 5-121 dual breaker logic ................................................. 5-71, 5-72
ACTUAL VALUES FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-102
description .................................................................... 2-14 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-25
main menu ...................................................................... 6-1 settings ......................................................................... 5-69
maintenance ................................................................. 6-24 BREAKER FAILURE
metering ........................................................................ 6-10 description ................................................................... 5-188
product information ........................................................ 6-25 determination ............................................................... 5-189
records ......................................................................... 6-22 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-102
status .............................................................................. 6-3 logic ............................................ 5-192, 5-193, 5-194, 5-195
ALARM LEDs ................................................................... 5-45 main path sequence ..................................................... 5-189
ALARMS .......................................................................... 2-15 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-41
ANSI DEVICES .................................................................. 2-1 settings ............................................................ 5-187, 5-190
APPARENT POWER ................................................2-22, 6-16 specifications ................................................................. 2-20
APPLICATION EXAMPLES BREAKER FLASHOVER
breaker trip circuit integrity .......................................... 5-228 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-102
contact inputs .............................................................. 5-262 logic ............................................................................ 5-237
HV line configuration ................................................... 10-13 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-14
LV fault ....................................................................... 10-13 settings ....................................................................... 5-234
APPROVALS ................................................................... 2-29 specifications ................................................................. 2-20
ARCHITECTURE ............................................................. 5-99 BREAKER-AND-A-HALF SCHEME ...................................... 5-5
ARCING CURRENT ....................................................... 5-232 BRIGHTNESS .................................................................. 5-12
AUTORECLOSE
actual values ................................................................... 6-5
description .................................................................. 5-250
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-101 C
logic ....................................................... 5-257, 5-258, 5-259 C37.94 COMMUNICATIONS ........................... 3-36, 3-38, 3-40
Modbus registers .................................................. B-16, B-35 C37.94SM COMMUNICATIONS ........................................ 3-39
sequence .................................................................... 5-260 CE APPROVALS .............................................................. 2-29
settings ............................. 5-249, 5-252, 5-253, 5-255, 5-256 CHANGES TO L90 MANUAL ...............................................F-2
specifications ................................................................ 2-20 CHANGES TO MANUAL ............................................. F-4, F-5
AUXILIARY OVERVOLTAGE CHANNEL ASYMMETRY
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-101 settings ......................................................................... 5-66
logic ............................................................................ 5-202 CHANNEL COMMUNICATION .......................................... 3-28
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-40 CHANNEL MONITOR ....................................................... 2-12
settings ....................................................................... 5-201 CHANNEL STATUS
specifications ................................................................ 2-20 Modbus registers ................................................. B-11, B-12
AUXILIARY UNDERVOLTAGE CHANNEL TESTS
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-102 actual values ................................................................... 6-6
logic ............................................................................ 5-201 commands .............................................................. 5-14, 7-2
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-40
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System i

INDEX
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-58 specifications .................................................................2-25

procedures .................................................................... 11-1 CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS
settings ....................................................................... 5-284 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-101
CHANNELS Modbus registers ........................................................... B-58
banks ................................................................... 5-59, 5-60 settings ..........................................................................5-47
number of ...................................................................... 5-64 specifications .................................................................2-21
CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION ................ 5-64, 9-13 COUNTERS
CIRCUIT MONITORING APPLICATIONS ......................... 5-226 actual values ................................................................... 6-7
CLEANING ....................................................................... 2-29 settings ........................................................................ 5-229
CLEAR RECORDS .................................................... 5-14, 7-2 CRC-16 ALGORITHM ........................................................ B-2
CLEAR RELAY RECORDS CRITICAL FAILURE RELAY ..................................... 2-24, 3-11
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-58 CSA APPROVAL ..............................................................2-29
settings ......................................................................... 5-14 CT BANKS
CLOCK settings ..........................................................................5-59
setting date and time ....................................................... 7-2 CT FAILURE
settings ......................................................................... 5-35 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-102
synchronization tests ..................................................... 11-2 logic ............................................................................ 5-240
COMMANDS MENU ........................................................... 7-1 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-32
COMMUNICATIONS settings ........................................................................ 5-239
10BASE-F ....................................................3-23, 3-26, 5-16 CT INPUTS ...................................................... 3-13, 5-6, 5-59
channel ................................................................ 2-12, 3-28 CT REQUIREMENTS ........................................................10-1
connecting to the UR .............................................. 1-8, 1-15 CT WIRING ......................................................................3-13
CRC-16 error checking .................................................... B-2 CURRENT BANK ..............................................................5-59
direct transfer trip .......................................................... 2-13 CURRENT DEMAND .........................................................5-42
dnp ........................................................................ 5-17, E-1 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL
G.703 ............................................................................ 3-31 applications ...................................................................10-3
half duplex ...................................................................... B-1 description .....................................................................2-14
HTTP ............................................................................ 5-32 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-101
IEC 60870-5-104 protocol .............................................. 5-32 logic ............................................................................ 5-124
IEC 61850 ................................................................... 5-267 metering ........................................................................6-13
inter-relay communications .................................... 2-11, 2-27 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-16
loopback test ...................................................... 2-13, 5-284 settings ........................................................................ 5-122
Modbus .................................................. 5-16, 5-34, B-1, B-3 specifications .................................................................2-18
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-21 testing ...........................................................................11-3
network ......................................................................... 5-16 trip ............................................................................... 5-205
overview ............................................................... 1-16, 2-11 CURRENT METERING
path diagram ................................................................. 2-12 actual values ..................................................................6-14
RS232 ........................................................................... 3-23 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-12
RS485 ..........................................................3-23, 3-25, 5-15 specifications .................................................................2-22
settings ...................................... 5-16, 5-17, 5-22, 5-32, 5-34 CURVES
specifications........................................................ 2-26, 2-27 definite time ...................................................... 5-162, 5-196
UCA/MMS ................................................................... 5-269 FlexCurves™ ...................................................... 5-76, 5-162
web server..................................................................... 5-32 I2T ............................................................................... 5-162
COMTRADE ............................................................... B-6, B-7 IAC .............................................................................. 5-161
CONDUCTED RFI ............................................................ 2-28 IEC .............................................................................. 5-160
CONTACT INFORMATION .................................................. 1-1 IEEE ............................................................................ 5-159
CONTACT INPUTS inverse time undervoltage ............................................. 5-196
actual values ................................................................... 6-3 types ........................................................................... 5-158
dry connections ............................................................. 3-20
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-107
Modbus registers ............................... B-11, B-18, B-51, B-53
settings ....................................................................... 5-261 D
specifications ................................................................. 2-23
DATA FORMATS, MODBUS ............................................. B-66
thresholds ................................................................... 5-261
DATA LOGGER
wet connections ............................................................. 3-20
clearing ...................................................................5-14, 7-2
CONTACT OUTPUTS
Modbus ........................................................................... B-7
actual values ................................................................... 6-4
Modbus registers .................................................. B-11, B-23
settings ..........................................................................5-40
Modbus registers .........................................B-11, B-18, B-56
specifications .................................................................2-22
settings ....................................................................... 5-264
via COMTRADE .............................................................. B-6
CONTINUOUS MONITOR
DATE ................................................................................ 7-2
DCMA INPUTS .................................................................6-21
logic ............................................................................ 5-238
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-33
settings ........................................................................ 5-275
settings ....................................................................... 5-237
specifications .................................................................2-23
CONTROL ELEMENTS ................................................... 5-207
DCMA OUTPUTS
CONTROL POWER
description .....................................................................3-22
description..................................................................... 3-12
ii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

INDEX
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-44 ground ................................................................ 2-17, 5-139

settings ....................................................................... 5-278 mho characteristic ............................................. 5-132, 5-134
specifications ................................................................ 2-25 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-36
DD phase ................................................................. 2-17, 5-130
see entry for DISTURBANCE DETECTOR quad characteristic .................................. 5-133, 5-134, 5-141
DEFINITE TIME CURVE ....................................... 5-162, 5-196 settings ....................................................................... 5-129
DEMAND DISTURBANCE DETECTOR
Modbus registers .................................................. B-14, B-26 FlexLogic™ operands ........................................ 5-101, 5-106
DEMAND METERING internal .......................................................................... 5-62
actual values ................................................................. 6-17 logic ............................................................................ 5-204
settings ......................................................................... 5-42 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-31
specifications ................................................................ 2-23 settings ....................................................................... 5-203
DEMAND RECORDS theory ..............................................................................9-3
clearing .................................................................. 5-14, 7-2 DNA-1 BIT PAIR ............................................................. 5-270
DESIGN ............................................................................ 1-3 DNP COMMUNICATIONS
DEVICE ID .................................................................... 5-268 binary counters ............................................................. E-10
DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT .......................................... E-1 binary input points .......................................................... E-8
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH ................................................ 3-11 binary output points ........................................................ E-9
DIFFERENTIAL control relay output blocks ............................................... E-9
applications ................................................................... 10-3 device profile document .................................................. E-1
current ....................................................... 2-14, 2-18, 5-122 frozen counters ............................................................. E-10
current metering ............................................................ 6-13 implementation table ....................................................... E-4
element characteristics .................................................. 9-14 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-21
line elements ............................................................... 5-122 settings ......................................................................... 5-17
stub bus ...................................................................... 5-125 DTT ........................................................................ 2-13, 11-4
theory ............................................................................. 9-1 DUPLEX, HALF ................................................................. B-1
trip .............................................................................. 5-205
DIGITAL COUNTERS
actual values ................................................................... 6-7
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-102 E
logic ............................................................................ 5-230
EGD PROTOCOL
actual values ................................................................. 6-24
settings ....................................................................... 5-229
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE ........................................ 2-28
DIGITAL ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS ........................................................................ 5-4
application example ..................................................... 5-227
ENERGY METERING
actual values ................................................................. 6-17
logic ............................................................................ 5-226
Modbus registers ................................................. B-13, B-14
specifications ................................................................. 2-22
settings ....................................................................... 5-226
ENERGY METERING, CLEARING .............................. 5-14, 7-2
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
ENERVISTA UR SETUP
see entry for CONTACT OUTPUTS
creating a site list ............................................................ 4-1
DIMENSIONS ............................................................. 3-1, 3-2
event recorder ................................................................. 4-2
DIRECT INPUTS
firmware upgrades ........................................................... 4-2
actual values ................................................................... 6-4
installation ....................................................................... 1-5
description .................................................................. 5-270
introduction ..................................................................... 4-1
oscillography ................................................................... 4-2
logic ............................................................................ 5-272
overview .......................................................................... 4-1
requirements ................................................................... 1-5
settings ....................................................................... 5-271
EQUATIONS
DIRECT INPUTS/OUTPUTS
definite time curve ............................................ 5-162, 5-196
error messages ............................................................... 7-8
FlexCurve™ ................................................................. 5-162
DIRECT MESSAGES ..................................................... 5-267
I²t curves ..................................................................... 5-162
DIRECT OUTPUTS
IAC curves ................................................................... 5-161
description .................................................................. 5-270
IEC curves ................................................................... 5-160
logic ............................................................................ 5-272
IEEE curves ................................................................. 5-159
settings ....................................................................... 5-271
EQUIPMENT MISMATCH ERROR ....................................... 7-7
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP ........................................2-13, 11-4
ETHERNET
DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT
actual values ................................................................... 6-8
see PHASE, GROUND, and NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL entries
configuration .................................................................... 1-8
DIRECTIONAL POLARIZATION ...................................... 5-168
error messages ................................................................ 7-9
DISCONNECT SWITCH
Modbus registers .......................................................... B-11
quick connect ................................................................ 1-10
logic .............................................................................. 5-75
settings ......................................................................... 5-16
ETHERNET SWITCH
settings ......................................................................... 5-73
actual values ................................................................... 6-9
DISPLAY ........................................................ 1-16, 4-23, 5-12
configuration .................................................................. 3-42
DISTANCE
hardware ....................................................................... 3-41
application example ..................................................... 10-13
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System iii

INDEX
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-22 specifications .................................................................2-21

overview ........................................................................ 3-41 FLEXLOGIC
saving setting files ......................................................... 3-43 locking to a serial number ........................................4-9, 8-11
settings ......................................................................... 5-34 FLEXLOGIC™
uploading setting files .................................................... 3-43 editing with EnerVista UR Setup ...................................... 4-2
EVENT CAUSE INDICATORS .................................. 4-15, 4-16 equation editor ............................................................. 5-115
EVENT RECORDER error messages ............................................................... 7-7
actual values ................................................................. 6-22 evaluation .................................................................... 5-110
clearing .................................................................. 5-14, 7-2 example .............................................................. 5-99, 5-111
description..................................................................... 2-14 example equation ......................................................... 5-209
Modbus .......................................................................... B-7 gate characteristics ...................................................... 5-109
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-19 locking equation entries ...........................................4-8, 8-10
specifications ................................................................. 2-22 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-27
via EnerVista software ..................................................... 4-2 operands .......................................................... 5-100, 5-101
EVENTS SETTING ............................................................. 5-5 operators ..................................................................... 5-110
EXCEPTION RESPONSES ................................................ B-5 rules ............................................................................ 5-110
security ...................................................................4-8, 8-10
specifications .................................................................2-21
timers .......................................................................... 5-115
F worksheet .................................................................... 5-112
FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION EDITOR ................................. 5-115
F485 ................................................................................ 1-16
FLEXLOGIC™ TIMERS
FACEPLATE ............................................................... 3-1, 3-2
FACEPLATE PANELS ............................................. 4-13, 4-23
settings ........................................................................ 5-116
FAST FORM-C RELAY ..................................................... 2-24
FORCE CONTACT INPUTS ............................................. 5-282
FAST TRANSIENT TESTING ............................................ 2-28
FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS ......................................... 5-283
FAULT DETECTION ........................................................... 9-3
FORCE TRIGGER ............................................................6-23
FAULT LOCATOR
FORM-A RELAY
logic .............................................................................. 9-33
high impedance circuits ..................................................3-15
outputs ........................................................ 3-14, 3-15, 3-20
operation ....................................................................... 9-31
specifications .................................................................2-24
specifications ................................................................. 2-22
FORM-C RELAY
FAULT REPORT
outputs ................................................................. 3-14, 3-20
actual values ................................................................. 6-22
specifications .................................................................2-24
clearing .................................................................. 5-14, 7-2
FREQUENCY
Modbus .......................................................................... B-7
detection ......................................................................... 9-7
Modbus registers ..................................................B-18, B-23
tracking ........................................................................... 9-6
settings ......................................................................... 5-37
FREQUENCY METERING
FAULT REPORTS
actual values ..................................................................6-18
FAULT TYPE ................................................................... 9-31
settings ..........................................................................5-61
FAX NUMBERS .................................................................. 1-1
specifications .................................................................2-23
FEATURES ................................................................. 2-1, 2-3
FREQUENCY TRACKING ........................................ 5-61, 6-19
Fiber ................................................................................ 3-29
FREQUENCY, NOMINAL ..................................................5-60
FIBER-LASER TRANSMITTERS ....................................... 3-29
FUNCTION SETTING ......................................................... 5-4
FIRMWARE REVISION ..................................................... 6-25
FUNCTIONALITY ............................................................... 2-2
FIRMWARE UPGRADES .................................................... 4-2
FUSE ...............................................................................2-24
FLASH MESSAGES ......................................................... 5-12
FUSE FAILURE
FLEX STATE PARAMETERS
see VT FUSE FAILURE
actual values ................................................................... 6-8
settings ......................................................................... 5-54
specifications ................................................................. 2-21 G
FLEXCURVES™
equation ...................................................................... 5-162 G.703 .................................................... 3-30, 3-31, 3-32, 3-36
Modbus registers ..................................................B-26, B-46 GE TYPE IAC CURVES .................................................. 5-161
settings ......................................................................... 5-76 GROUND CURRENT METERING ......................................6-15
specifications ................................................................. 2-21 GROUND DIRECTIONAL SUPERVISION ......................... 5-146
table .............................................................................. 5-76 GROUND DISTANCE
FLEXELEMENTS™ FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
actual values ................................................................. 6-19 op scheme ...................................................................5-144
direction ...................................................................... 5-118 scheme logic ..................................................... 5-145, 5-146
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-103 settings ........................................................................ 5-139
hysteresis .................................................................... 5-118 specifications .................................................................2-17
Modbus registers ..................................................B-43, B-45 GROUND IOC
pickup ......................................................................... 5-118 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
scheme logic ............................................................... 5-117 logic ............................................................................ 5-181
settings .................................................. 5-116, 5-117, 5-119 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-31
iv L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

INDEX
settings ....................................................................... 5-181 INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT

GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT see PHASE, GROUND, and NEUTRAL IOC entries
see entry for GROUND TOC INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE ................................. 1-2
GROUND TOC INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS ......................... 2-11, 2-27
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-103 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1-2
logic ............................................................................ 5-180 INVERSE TIME UNDERVOLTAGE .................................. 5-197
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-30 IOC
settings ....................................................................... 5-180 see PHASE, GROUND, and NEUTRAL IOC entries
specifications ................................................................ 2-18 IP ADDRESS .................................................................... 5-16
GROUPED ELEMENTS .................................................. 5-121 IRIG-B
GSSE ................................................ 5-268, 5-269, 5-270, 6-6 connection ..................................................................... 3-26
error messages ................................................................ 7-8
settings ......................................................................... 5-35
specifications ........................................................ 2-23, 2-25
H ISO-9000 REGISTRATION ................................................ 2-29
HALF-DUPLEX .................................................................. B-1
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS ......................................... 9-11
HTTP PROTOCOL ........................................................... 5-32 K
HV LINE CONFIGURATION ............................................ 10-13
KEYPAD ................................................................. 1-17, 4-23
I
L
I2T CURVES .................................................................. 5-162
IAC CURVES ................................................................. 5-161 L90 POWER SYSTEM
IEC 60870-5-104 PROTOCOL Modbus registers .......................................................... B-25
interoperability document .................................................D-1 L90 TRIP
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-22 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-31
points list ........................................................................D-9 LAMPTEST ........................................................................ 7-3
settings ......................................................................... 5-32 LANGUAGE ..................................................................... 5-12
IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS LASER MODULE .............................................................. 3-29
settings ....................................................................... 5-273 LATCHING OUTPUTS
IEC 61850 GOOSE UINTEGERS application example .......................................... 5-265, 5-266
settings ....................................................................... 5-274 error messages ................................................................ 7-9
IEC 61850 PROTOCOL settings ....................................................................... 5-264
device ID ..................................................................... 5-268 specifications ................................................................. 2-24
DNA2 assignments ...................................................... 5-270 LED INDICATORS ......................... 4-14, 4-15, 4-16, 4-22, 5-45
error messages ............................................................... 7-9 LED TEST
Modbus registers .............. B-47, B-48, B-49, B-50, B-51, B-61 FlexLogic™ operand .................................................... 5-108
remote device settings ................................................. 5-267 settings ......................................................................... 5-43
remote inputs .............................................................. 5-268 specifications ................................................................. 2-21
settings ......................................................................... 5-21 LINE
UserSt-1 bit pair .......................................................... 5-270 pickup ......................................................................... 5-127
IEC CURVES ................................................................. 5-160 LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS ................................... 5-122
IED .................................................................................... 1-2 LINE PICKUP
IED SETUP ........................................................................ 1-5 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
IEEE C37.94 COMMUNICATIONS ................... 3-36, 3-38, 3-40 logic ............................................................................ 5-128
IEEE CURVES ............................................................... 5-159 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-37
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS ................................................... 1-4 settings ....................................................................... 5-127
IN SERVICE INDICATOR .......................................... 1-17, 7-6 specifications ................................................................. 2-17
INCOMPATIBLE HARDWARE ERROR ................................ 7-7 LINK POWER BUDGET .................................................... 2-27
INPUTS LOAD ENCROACHMENT
AC current .............................................................2-23, 5-59 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
AC voltage ............................................................2-23, 5-60 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-34
contact inputs ........................................... 2-23, 5-261, 5-282 settings ............................................................ 5-156, 5-157
dcmA inputs ..........................................................2-23, 3-22 specifications ................................................................. 2-20
direct inputs ................................................................ 5-271 LOCAL LOOPBACK ........................................................ 5-284
IRIG-B ..................................................................2-23, 3-26 LOGIC GATES ............................................................... 5-110
remote inputs .................................2-23, 5-267, 5-268, 5-269 LOOP FILTER BLOCK DIAGRAM ...................................... 9-10
RTD inputs ............................................................2-23, 3-22 LOOPBACK ........................................................... 2-13, 5-284
virtual ......................................................................... 5-263 LOST PASSWORD ...................................... 5-9, 5-10, 8-2, 8-3
INSPECTION CHECKLIST ................................................. 1-1 LV FAULT ...................................................................... 10-13
INSTALLATION
communications ............................................................ 3-24
CT inputs ..............................................................3-12, 3-13
RS485 ........................................................................... 3-25 M
settings ......................................................................... 5-57
MAINTENANCE COMMANDS ............................................. 7-3
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System v

INDEX
MANUFACTURING DATE ................................................. 6-25 settings ............................................................. 5-184, 5-186

MATCHING PHASELETS .................................................. 9-11 specifications .................................................................2-19
MEMORY MAP DATA FORMATS ......................................B-66 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE IOC
MEMORY VOLTAGE LOGIC ........................................... 5-130 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
MENU HEIRARCHY ................................................ 1-17, 4-25 logic ............................................................................ 5-183
MENU NAVIGATION .......................................1-17, 4-24, 4-25 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-33
METERING settings ........................................................................ 5-183
conventions .......................................................... 6-10, 6-11 specifications .................................................................2-18
current .......................................................................... 2-22 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE TOC
demand ......................................................................... 2-23 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
description..................................................................... 2-14 logic ............................................................................ 5-182
frequency ...................................................................... 2-23 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-33
power ............................................................................ 2-22 settings ........................................................................ 5-182
voltage .......................................................................... 2-22 specifications .................................................................2-18
METERING CONVENTIONS ............................................. 6-11 NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OC
MHO DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC .............................. 5-132 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-37
MODBUS NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT
data logger .............................................................. B-6, B-7 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-104
event recorder ................................................................ B-7 logic ............................................................................ 5-176
exception responses ....................................................... B-5 polarization .................................................................. 5-174
execute operation ........................................................... B-4 settings ........................................................................ 5-172
fault report ...................................................................... B-7 specifications .................................................................2-19
flex state parameters ..................................................... 5-55 NEUTRAL INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT
function code 03/04h ....................................................... B-3 see entry for NEUTRAL IOC
function code 05h ........................................................... B-4 NEUTRAL IOC
function code 06h ........................................................... B-4 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
function code 10h ........................................................... B-5 logic ............................................................................ 5-171
introduction .................................................................... B-1 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-30
memory map data formats ..............................................B-66 settings ........................................................................ 5-171
obtaining files ................................................................. B-6 specifications .................................................................2-18
oscillography .................................................................. B-6 NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE
passwords ...................................................................... B-7 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-104
read/write settings/actual values ...................................... B-3 logic ............................................................................ 5-200
settings ................................................................ 5-16, 5-34 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-40
store multiple settings ..................................................... B-5 settings ........................................................................ 5-199
store single setting ......................................................... B-4 specifications .................................................................2-19
supported function codes ................................................ B-3 NEUTRAL TIME OVERCURRENT
user map ..................................................... 5-34, B-11, B-26 see entry for NEUTRAL TOC
MODEL INFORMATION .................................................... 6-25 NEUTRAL TOC
MODIFICATION FILE NUMBER ........................................ 6-25 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-104
MODULE FAILURE ERROR ................................................ 7-7 logic ............................................................................ 5-170
MODULES Modbus registers ........................................................... B-30
communications ............................................................. 3-24 settings ........................................................................ 5-170
CT ................................................................................. 3-13 specifications .................................................................2-18
CT/VT .................................................................... 3-12, 5-6 NON-VOLATILE LATCHES
direct inputs/outputs ...................................................... 3-29 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-103
insertion ................................................................... 3-6, 3-7 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-46
order codes ..................................................................... 2-8 settings ........................................................................ 5-120
power supply ................................................................. 3-11 specifications .................................................................2-21
transducer I/O ............................................................... 3-22 NSAP ADDRESS ..............................................................5-16
VT ................................................................................. 3-13
withdrawal ................................................................ 3-6, 3-7
MONITORING ELEMENTS ............................................. 5-231
MOTOR O
settings .............................................................5-158, 5-169
ONE SHOTS ...................................................................5-110
MOUNTING ................................................................. 3-1, 3-2
OPEN POLE DETECTOR
FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-104
logic ................................................................. 5-244, 5-245
N Modbus registers ........................................................... B-35
settings ........................................................................ 5-242
NAMEPLATE ...................................................................... 1-1 specifications .................................................................2-20
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OC OPERATING CONDITION CALCULATIONS .......................9-16
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-38 OPERATING TEMPERATURE ...........................................2-27
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT OPERATING TIMES .........................................................2-17
characteristics ............................................................. 5-185 ORDER CODES ............................ 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 6-25, 7-3
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-103 ORDER CODES, UPDATING ............................................. 7-3
logic ............................................................................ 5-186 ORDERING ............................................ 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8
vi L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

INDEX
OSCILLATORY TRANSIENT TESTING ............................. 2-28 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-37

OSCILLOGRAPHY PHASE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT
actual values ................................................................. 6-23 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-104
clearing .................................................................. 5-14, 7-2 logic ............................................................................ 5-169
description .................................................................... 2-14 phase A polarization .................................................... 5-167
Modbus ........................................................................... B-6 settings ............................................................ 5-167, 5-168
Modbus registers .................................................. B-18, B-23 specifications ................................................................. 2-19
settings ......................................................................... 5-38 PHASE DISTANCE
specifications ................................................................ 2-22 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-104
via COMTRADE ............................................................... B-6 logic ............................................................................ 5-138
via EnerVista software ..................................................... 4-2 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-36
OSI NETWORK ADDRESS ............................................... 5-16 op scheme ................................................................... 5-137
OST ...................................................................... 2-20, 5-149 settings ....................................................................... 5-130
OUT-OF-STEP TRIPPING ...................................... 2-20, 5-149 specifications ................................................................. 2-17
OUTPUTS PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT
contact outputs ............................................................ 5-264 see entry for PHASE IOC
control power ................................................................ 2-25 PHASE IOC
critical failure relay ........................................................ 2-24 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-104
direct outputs .............................................................. 5-271 logic ............................................................................ 5-166
Fast Form-C relay ......................................................... 2-24 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-29
Form-A relay ....................................... 2-24, 3-14, 3-15, 3-20 specifications ................................................................. 2-18
Form-C relay ................................................ 2-24, 3-14, 3-20 PHASE LOCKING ...................................................... 9-6, 9-10
IRIG-B .......................................................................... 2-25 PHASE MEASUREMENT UNIT
latching outputs ................................................... 2-24, 5-264 see entry for SYNCHROPHASOR
remote outputs ............................................................ 5-270 PHASE OVERVOLTAGE
virtual outputs ............................................................. 5-266 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-105
OVERCURRENT CURVE TYPES .................................... 5-158 logic ............................................................................ 5-199
OVERCURRENT CURVES Modbus registers .......................................................... B-36
definite time ................................................................ 5-162 settings ....................................................................... 5-198
FlexCurves™ .............................................................. 5-162 specifications ................................................................. 2-19
I2T .............................................................................. 5-162 PHASE ROTATION .......................................................... 5-61
IAC ............................................................................. 5-161 PHASE SELECT
IEC ............................................................................. 5-160 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-105
IEEE ........................................................................... 5-159 PHASE TIME OVERCURRENT
OVERVIEW ....................................................................... 2-3 see entry for PHASE TOC
OVERVOLTAGE PHASE TOC
auxiliary .............................................................. 2-20, 5-201 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-105
neutral ................................................................ 2-19, 5-199 logic ............................................................................ 5-164
phase .................................................................. 2-19, 5-198 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-29
settings ....................................................................... 5-163
specifications ................................................................. 2-18
PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE
P FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-105
logic ............................................................................ 5-198
PANEL CUTOUT ......................................................... 3-1, 3-2
PARITY ........................................................................... 5-15
settings ....................................................................... 5-197
PASSWORD SECURITY .............................. 5-9, 5-10, 8-2, 8-3
specifications ................................................................. 2-19
FlexLogic operands ..................................................... 5-108
PHASELETS ............................................................... 9-1, 9-2
PASSWORDS
PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT
changing ....................................................................... 4-28
actual values ................................................................. 6-23
for settings templates ............................................... 4-5, 8-7
PHASORS ................................................................... 9-1, 9-2
lost password ................................... 4-28, 5-9, 5-10, 8-2, 8-3
PHONE NUMBERS ............................................................. 1-1
Modbus ........................................................................... B-7
PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING ............................................ 2-11
PILOT SCHEMES
overview ....................................................................... 1-18
POTT .......................................................................... 5-246
security .................................................................... 5-8, 8-1
specifications ................................................................. 2-20
settings .................................................................... 5-8, 8-1
PMU
PC SOFTWARE
see entry for ENERVISTA UR SETUP
see entry for SYNCHROPHASOR
POTT
PERMISSIVE FUNCTIONS ............................................. 5-196
application of settings .................................................. 10-16
PERMISSIVE OVERREACH TRANSFER TRIP
see entry for POTT
logic ............................................................................ 5-248
PER-UNIT QUANTITY ........................................................ 5-4
PFLL STATUS ................................................................... 6-7
settings ............................................................ 5-246, 5-247
PHASE ANGLE METERING .............................................. 6-11
POWER METERING
PHASE CURRENT METERING ......................................... 6-14
PHASE DETECTION .......................................................... 9-7
specifications ................................................................. 2-22
PHASE DIRECTIONAL OC
values ........................................................................... 6-16
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System vii

INDEX
POWER SUPPLY FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-107

description..................................................................... 3-11 Modbus registers ......................................... B-11, B-18, B-59
low range ...................................................................... 2-24 settings ........................................................................ 5-268
specifications ................................................................. 2-24 specifications .................................................................2-23
POWER SWING BLOCKING .................................. 2-20, 5-149 REMOTE LOOPBACK ..................................................... 5-284
POWER SWING DETECT REMOTE OUTPUTS
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-106 DNA-1 bit pair .............................................................. 5-270
logic ..................................................................5-154, 5-155 Modbus registers .................................................. B-59, B-60
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-33 UserSt-1 bit pair ........................................................... 5-270
settings .............................................................5-147, 5-151 REPLACEMENT MODULES ................................ 2-8, 2-9, 2-10
specifications ................................................................. 2-20 REQUIREMENTS, HARDWARE ........................................9-11
POWER SYSTEM RESETTING ........................................................ 5-108, 5-273
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-25 RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTICS .....................................9-17
settings for L90 .............................................................. 5-64 REVISION HISTORY ......................................................... F-1
PREFERENCES RF IMMUNITY ..................................................................2-28
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-21 RFI, CONDUCTED ............................................................2-28
PROCESS BUS RMS CURRENT ................................................................2-22
overview ........................................................................ 3-14 RMS VOLTAGE ................................................................2-22
PRODUCT INFORMATION ........................................ 6-25, B-9 ROLLING DEMAND ..........................................................5-43
PRODUCT SETUP ...................................................... 5-8, 8-2 RS232
PRODUCTION TESTS ...................................................... 2-28 configuration ................................................................... 1-9
PROTECTION ELEMENTS ................................................. 5-4 specifications .................................................................2-26
PROTECTION FEATURES ................................................. 2-1 wiring .............................................................................3-23
PU QUANTITY ................................................................... 5-4 RS422
PUSHBUTTONS, USER-PROGRAMMABLE configuration ..................................................................3-33
see USER-PROGRAMMBLE PUSHBUTTONS timing ............................................................................3-34
two-channel application ..................................................3-34
with fiber interface ..........................................................3-35
RS485
Q communications .............................................................3-23
configuration ................................................................... 1-7
QUAD DISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC ....... 5-133, 5-134, 5-141
description .....................................................................3-25
specifications .................................................................2-26
RTD INPUTS
R actual values ..................................................................6-21
REACTIVE POWER ................................................. 2-22, 6-16 settings ........................................................................ 5-276
REAL POWER ......................................................... 2-22, 6-16 specifications .................................................................2-23
REAL TIME CLOCK
settings ......................................................................... 5-35
REAR TERMINAL ASSIGNMENTS ...................................... 3-8 S
RECLOSER CURVES ............................................ 5-79, 5-162
SALES OFFICE ................................................................. 1-1
RECLOSING
SCAN OPERATION ........................................................... 1-4
description................................................................... 5-250
SELECTOR SWITCH
logic ....................................................... 5-257, 5-258, 5-259
actual values ................................................................... 6-7
sequence .................................................................... 5-260
application example ...................................................... 5-214
settings ............................. 5-249, 5-252, 5-253, 5-255, 5-256
REDUNDANT 10BASE-F .................................................. 3-23
logic ............................................................................ 5-215
RELAY ACTIVATION ........................................................ 4-27
RELAY ARCHITECTURE .................................................. 5-99
settings ........................................................................ 5-210
RELAY MAINTENANCE ...................................................... 7-3
specifications .................................................................2-21
RELAY NAME .................................................................. 5-57
timing ............................................................... 5-213, 5-214
RELAY NOT PROGRAMMED ............................................ 1-17
SELF-TESTS
RELAY SYNCHRONIZATION ............................................ 9-15
description ..............................................................2-15, 7-6
REMOTE DEVICES
error messages ............................................................... 7-8
actual values ................................................................... 6-5
device ID ..................................................................... 5-268
Modbus registers ............................................................. B-9
error messages ................................................................ 7-9
SERIAL NUMBER .............................................................6-25
SERIAL PORTS
Modbus registers ............................... B-11, B-18, B-58, B-62
settings ....................................................................... 5-267
settings ..........................................................................5-15
statistics .......................................................................... 6-6
SETTING GROUPS ................ 5-106, 5-121, 5-209, B-31, B-32
REMOTE DPS INPUTS
SETTINGS TEMPLATES
actual values ................................................................... 6-4
description ............................................................... 4-4, 8-6
settings ....................................................................... 5-269
editing ..................................................................... 4-4, 8-6
REMOTE INPUTS
enabling ................................................................... 4-4, 8-6
actual values ................................................................... 6-3
viii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

INDEX

password protection ................................................. 4-5, 8-7 T
removing .................................................................. 4-7, 8-9
viewing .................................................................... 4-6, 8-8 TARGET MESSAGES ......................................................... 7-6
SETTINGS, CHANGING ................................................... 4-26 TARGET SETTING ............................................................. 5-5
SIGNAL SOURCES TARGETS MENU ............................................................... 7-6
metering ........................................................................ 6-14 TCP PORT NUMBER ........................................................ 5-32
settings ......................................................................... 5-62 TEMPERATURE MONITOR ................................... 5-109, 7-10
SIGNAL TYPES ................................................................. 1-3 TERMINALS .............................................................. 3-8, 5-64
SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM .................................................... 2-2 TESTING
SITE LIST, CREATING ....................................................... 4-1 channel tests ............................................................... 5-284
SNTP PROTOCOL clock synchronization ..................................................... 11-2
error messages ............................................................... 7-9 final tests ....................................................................... 11-4
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-22 force contact inputs ...................................................... 5-282
settings ......................................................................... 5-33 force contact outputs .................................................... 5-283
SOFTWARE lamp test ......................................................................... 7-3
installation ...................................................................... 1-5 local-remote relay tests .................................................. 11-4
see entry for ENERVISTA UR SETUP self-test error messages ...................................................7-6
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE ............................................ 1-4 synchrophasors ........................................................... 5-284
SOFTWARE MODULES ................................................... 2-16 THEORY OF OPERATION .................................................. 9-1
SOFTWARE, PC THERMAL DEMAND CHARACTERISTIC ........................... 5-42
see entry for EnerVista UR Setup TIME .................................................................................. 7-2
SOURCE FREQUENCY .................................................... 6-18 TIME OVERCURRENT
SOURCE TRANSFER SCHEMES ................................... 5-196 see PHASE, NEUTRAL, and GROUND TOC entries
SOURCES TIMERS ......................................................................... 5-115
example use of .............................................................. 5-63 TOC
metering ........................................................................ 6-14 ground ......................................................................... 5-180
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-25 neutral ......................................................................... 5-170
settings .................................................................5-61, 5-62 phase .......................................................................... 5-163
ST TYPE CONNECTORS ................................................. 3-26 specifications ................................................................. 2-18
STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS ............................................ F-6 TRACEABILITY
START-UP ....................................................................... 9-11 data ..................................................... 4-11, 4-12, 8-13, 8-14
STATUS INDICATORS .............................................4-14, 4-16 overview ............................................................... 4-10, 8-12
STORAGE TEMPERATURE ............................................. 2-27 rules ..................................................................... 4-12, 8-14
STUB BUS TRACKING FREQUENCY ........................................ 6-19, B-41
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-106 TRANSDUCER I/O
logic ............................................................................ 5-126 actual values ................................................................. 6-21
Modbus registers ........................................................... B-31 settings ............................................................ 5-275, 5-276
settings ....................................................................... 5-125 specifications ................................................................. 2-23
SUPERVISING ELEMENTS ............................................ 5-203 wiring ............................................................................ 3-22
SURGE IMMUNITY .......................................................... 2-28 TRIP BUS
SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS METERING ..................... 6-11 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-107
SYNCHROCHECK Modbus registers .......................................................... B-43
actual values .................................................. 6-8, 6-19, 6-20 settings ....................................................................... 5-207
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-107 TRIP DECISION EXAMPLE ............................................... 9-18
logic ............................................................................ 5-225 TRIP LEDs ....................................................................... 5-45
Modbus registers .................................................. B-16, B-26 TRIP OUTPUT
settings ............................................................. 5-222, 5-223 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-107
specifications ................................................................ 2-20 logic ............................................................................ 5-220
SYNCHRONIZATION RELAY ............................................ 9-15 Modbus registers .......................................................... B-34
SYNCHROPHASORS settings ....................................................................... 5-216
actual values ................................................................. 6-20 specifications ................................................................. 2-20
clearing PMU records ...................................................... 7-2 TROUBLE INDICATOR .............................................. 1-17, 7-6
commands ...................................................................... 7-3 TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM ............................................ 3-10
FlexLogic™ operands ........................................ 5-104, 5-105
network connection ........................................................ 5-98
phase measurement unit triggering ................................ 5-88
phasor measurement configuration ................................. 5-84 U
phasor measurement unit ............................................... 5-83
UL APPROVAL ................................................................. 2-29
phasor measurement unit calibration .............................. 5-85
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS
phasor measurement unit communications ..................... 5-86
commands ..................................................................... 5-14
phasor measurement unit recording ............................... 5-95
resetting .......................................................................... 7-2
test values .................................................................. 5-284
UNDERVOLTAGE
SYSTEM FREQUENCY .................................................... 5-60
auxiliary ......................................................................... 2-19
SYSTEM SETUP .............................................................. 5-59
phase ................................................................. 2-19, 5-197
UNDERVOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS .......................... 5-196
UNEXPECTED RESTART ERROR .................................... 7-10
GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System ix

INDEX
UNIT NOT PROGRAMMED ........................................ 5-57, 7-7 FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-108
UNPACKING THE RELAY ................................................... 1-1 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-54
UPDATING ORDER CODE ................................................. 7-3 settings ........................................................................ 5-266
URPC VOLTAGE BANKS ............................................................5-60
see entry for ENERVISTA UR SETUP VOLTAGE DEVIATIONS ...................................................2-28
USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS VOLTAGE ELEMENTS .................................................... 5-196
example ........................................................................ 5-57 VOLTAGE METERING
invoking and scrolling .................................................... 5-55 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-12
Modbus registers ..................................................B-21, B-26 specifications .................................................................2-22
settings ................................................................ 5-55, 5-57 values ............................................................................6-15
specifications ................................................................. 2-21 VOLTAGE RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTIC ..................... 5-163
USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDs VT FUSE FAILURE
custom labeling ............................................................. 4-22 logic ............................................................................ 5-241
defaults ......................................................................... 4-16 Modbus registers ........................................................... B-45
description............................................................ 4-15, 4-16 settings ........................................................................ 5-241
Modbus registers ...........................................................B-23 VT INPUTS ....................................................... 3-13, 5-6, 5-60
settings ......................................................................... 5-45 VT WIRING ......................................................................3-13
specifications ................................................................. 2-21 VTFF
USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS FlexLogic™ operands ................................................... 5-106
FlexLogic™ operands .................................................. 5-109 see VT FUSE FAILURE
settings ......................................................................... 5-49
specifications ................................................................. 2-21
USER-PROGRAMMABLE SELF TESTS W
WARRANTY ...................................................................... F-8
settings ......................................................................... 5-46
WATT-HOURS ......................................................... 2-22, 6-17
USERST-1 BIT PAIR ...................................................... 5-270
WATTMETRIC ZERO-SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL
actual values ..................................................................6-20
V Modbus registers ........................................................... B-32
settings ........................................................................ 5-177
VAR-HOURS ........................................................... 2-22, 6-17 specifications .................................................................2-19
VIBRATION TESTING ...................................................... 2-28 WEB SERVER PROTOCOL ...............................................5-32
VIRTUAL INPUTS WEBSITE .......................................................................... 1-1
actual values ................................................................... 6-3 WIRING DIAGRAM ...........................................................3-10
commands ....................................................................... 7-1
logic ............................................................................ 5-263
Modbus registers ................................................... B-9, B-53 Z
settings ....................................................................... 5-263
ZERO SEQUENCE CORE BALANCE .................................3-13
VIRTUAL OUTPUTS
ZERO-SEQUENCE CURRENT REMOVAL .........................5-66
actual values ................................................................... 6-5
x L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

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Title Page

L90 Line Current Differential

Manual P/N: 1601-0081-U2 (GEK-113527A)

215 Anderson Avenue, Markham, Ontario

MODULE OLD NEW DESCRIPTION

1. GETTING STARTED 1.1 IMPORTANT PROCEDURES

2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System v

3. HARDWARE 3.1 DESCRIPTION

4. HUMAN INTERFACES 4.1 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE

5. SETTINGS 5.1 OVERVIEW

vi L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

5.2 PRODUCT SETUP

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System vii

6. ACTUAL VALUES 6.1 OVERVIEW

viii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

6.5 PRODUCT INFORMATION

7. COMMANDS AND 7.1 COMMANDS

8. SECURITY 8.1 PASSWORD SECURITY

9. THEORY OF OPERATION 9.1 OVERVIEW

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System ix

9.2.3 TRIP DECISION TEST .....................................................................................9-18

10. APPLICATION OF 10.1 CT REQUIREMENTS

11. COMMISSIONING 11.1 TESTING

A. FLEXANALOG AND A.1 PARAMETER LISTS

x L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

B. MODBUS B.1 MODBUS RTU PROTOCOL

C. IEC 61850 C.1 OVERVIEW

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System xi

C.7 LOGICAL NODES

D. IEC 60870-5-104 D.1 IEC 60870-5-104

E. DNP COMMUNICATIONS E.1 DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT

F. MISCELLANEOUS F.1 CHANGE NOTES

xii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

1 GETTING STARTED 1.1IMPORTANT PROCEDURES

L90 Line Differential Relay

Figure 1–1: REAR NAMEPLATE (EXAMPLE)

GE MULTILIN CONTACT INFORMATION AND CALL CENTER FOR PRODUCT SUPPORT:

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System 1-1

1.2UR OVERVIEW 1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE UR

1-2 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

1.2.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

Input Elements CPU Module Output Elements

Figure 1–2: UR CONCEPT BLOCK DIAGRAM

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System 1-3

Figure 1–3: UR-SERIES SCAN OPERATION

1.2.3 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

1.2.4 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

1-4 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

1.3ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE 1.3.1 PC REQUIREMENTS

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System 1-5

1.3.3 CONFIGURING THE L90 FOR SOFTWARE ACCESS

1-6 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

b) CONFIGURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

Figure 1–4: CONFIGURING SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System 1-7

c) CONFIGURING ETHERNET COMMUNICATIONS

Figure 1–5: CONFIGURING ETHERNET COMMUNICATIONS

1-8 L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

SETTINGS PASSWORD ACCESS LEVEL: