TECON'I: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE In stial Blectronies Society Modeling and Simulation of a Distribution STATCOM using Simulink’s Power System Blockset Pierre Giroux! * Laboratoire Simulation de réseaux Instat de recherche d'Hyro-Québec (IREQ) Varennes, QC, Canada sirowx pierre(@ireg ca, spill gilbert@ireg ca “Absract- This paper presents sty on the modeling ofa SLA ‘COM State Synchronous Compensator) uted fr reactive power ‘compensation ona dsteibuton network. The power ecu of the D-STATCOM and the distIbution network are modsled by spe ‘if blocks from the Power System Blockset while the contra s+ tem is modeled by Simulink blocks. Stale and. dynamic performance of «43 Mvar D-STATCOM on a 25KV network is evaluated. An “average modeling” approach f propoted to sim- pity the PWM inverter operation and to accclerate the simulation for contra! parameters adjusting purpose. Simulation perfor~ ‘mance obtained with both modeling approaches are presented and compared LINTRODUCTION Flectivity supplies are nowadays concerned about the quality ofthe power delivered to castomers. With the develop- iments of power electronics, several solutions have been pro- posed to compensate for the Alsctutions observed on the istibution networks in order to ensue highest possible power ‘quality forthe eustomers (2), These "Power Quality Devices” (PQ Devices) ste power electronic converters connected in parallel oi series with the Tines and the operation is contolied by a digital controller (1), ©, DB, 4) The interection between the PQ device and the network is preferably seaied by simulation, The medsling of these complex systems that contain both power circuits and contol systems ean be done on different betes, depending on te tradeoff that we are ready to accept and on the degree of | accuracy of what we Want to study (switehing in power con- ‘ester or contoller tuning). The modeling abstraction degree in these systems ean be thus adapted to the study requirements 1m tis pape, two approaches to model a disuibution STAT- COM (Statie Synchronous Compensator) are considered and ccvaluated, that is “device modeling” and “average modeling” Both modeling epproaches take advantage of Simulink aed Power System Blockset to implement in the same disgram the power circuit and contol system The models are described and the simulation zegults are presented. They will be then compared (0-7803-7108-9/01/S10 00 (C)2001 IEEE Gitbert Sybille! Hoang Le-Huy? ? Dept. of Electrical and Computer Enginessing Université Laval Québec, QC, Caneda eh @gel aval ca Il DESCRIPTION OF THE D-STAICOM OPERATION In distribution networks, te STATCOM (Static Synchro- ‘novs Compensator) isa shunt devies that regultes the system voltage by absorbing or generating reactive power Fig. | shows a simplified diagram of a STATCOM con nected to a typical distibution network represented by an equivalent network “eon 3 aio ead The STATCOM consists mainly of a PWM inveiter con- nected tothe network through a tansormer The de lnk vos age is provided by capacitor C which Is charged With power taken fom the network. The conto system ensures the regula tion ofthe bus voltage andthe de ink voltage ‘The D-STATCOM fusion sto regulate the bus volege by bsoibng or generating reactive power to the network, ike a thyristor sais compensator This reactive power tanser is done through tho leakage reactance ofthe coupling tansformer by using «secondary voltage in phase wih the primary volage (network side). This vouge is provided by 2 volagesource PWM inverter The D-STATCOM operation is usted by the phasor diagrams shown in Fig. 2 When the secondary volt age (Vp) is lower than th bus veltge (Vp), the D-STATCOM, act ike a inductance absorbing reactive power from the bus ‘When the secondary voltage (Vp) is higher than the bus vot age (Va), the D-STATCOM acts ike 4 capscitor generating reaetive power tthe bus. In steady sate, due to inverter losses te bus voltage always leads the inverter voltage by & small angle osupoly a small active power 990TECONO1: The 27th Annual Conference ofthe TBEE Industial Electronics Society oy a ‘ “@ ow fs oslo — 75 o ig 2D.SIATCOM opin (9) Inu peat, () Capac opwtion The STATCOM has several advantages as compared to "eonventionat” State Var Compensator (SVC) using thyristors. tis faster, can produce reactive power at low voltage, doesnot require thyistor-controlled reactors (TCR) or thyristor switched capacitors (TSC), and does not produce low order harmonice II. MODELING THE D-STATCOM USING THE SIMULINK'S POWER SYSTEM BLOCKSET {As seen above, a D-STATCOM isa power electronic system with a complex contol system. Modeling the D-STATCOM. including the power network and its controller in Simlini cnviroaraentrequzes “electric blocks" fom the Power Systm Blockset [5] and contro! blacks ftom Simulink library. We con- Ser here a +3Mvar D-STATCOM connected toa 25-KY dist bation network Figure 3 hows a Simulink diagram which teresents the D- 'STATCOM and the dstbution network. The feeding network is represented by a Thevenin equive- Jent (bus B1) followed by a2I-km feeder whieh is modeled by 4 pisequivalent cireuit connected to bus B2 At his bus, a 3 MW foad ig connected A 28-KV/600V transformer and & 1 (MW variable load are connected to bus B2 by a2-km feeder The D-STATCOM extpat is coupled in parallel with the net work through a steps 25/25-RV APY transformer The prin mary of this transformer is fed by a voltage-source PWM inverter consisting of two IGBT bridges. A filter bank is used atthe inverter output o absorb harmonics A. 10000 iF capa tor is use as de voltage source forthe inverter ‘A PWM pulse generator with a eater fequency of 1.68 KHz is used to contol both IGBT bridges The modulation Scheme used is of sinusoidal type ‘The controller dsgram is shown in Fig, 4 It consiats of ev- eral subsystems: a phase-locked loop (PLL), two measurement systems, a eurcent regulation loop, a voltage regulation loop, and ade link voltage regulator ‘The PLE is synchronized tothe fandamental of the trans- former primary voltage to provide the synchronous reference (sinet end cost) required by the abo-gd transformation. The ‘measurement blocks "Vmes™ and “Tmes" compute the daxis and q-axs components ofthe voliages and curen's ‘The inner current regulation loop consists of two propor. tional-itegal(P1) contrllers tat control the exis and axis uments The controllers outputs are the voltage direct-axis and Sf Fig 3 Simul zum pesmi the STATCOM end te dibasen mater (0-7803-7108.9/01/$10 00 (€)2001 TEEE 991IBCONOI: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industral Electronies Society Fig 4DSTATCOM con stem ‘quadrature-axis components (Vq snd V,) that the PWM inverter has to generate. The Vq and V. vollages are conver into phase vollges Vj, Va, V, which are used to synthesize the PWM voltages The network bus voliage is regulatod by a PY controller ‘whieh produces the Ig reference for current controller The Tg reference comes from the de link voltage regulator which ‘maintain the DC link voltage constant IV SIMULATING TRE D-STATCOM OPERATION The Simulink diggram described above has been used to simulate the operation of the D-STATCOM under different ‘condiions to illustrat its static and dynamic performance The simulation was done using a discrete step time (1, ~ 58 i), Figs 5 tnd 6 show the waveforms obtained duting a com- plex test in which the dynamic response of D-STATCOM to step changes in source voltages i observed The PSB Prog Source block is used to modulate the intemal voltage ofthe 25-4V souree At tating, the source vottage is such thatthe D-STATCOM is inactive. 1 does not absorb nor provide rezetve power to te network Att 0.125 s, the source vollge is inressed by 6% ‘The D-STATCOM compensates for this voltage ineease by absorbing reactive pow: from the network (Q = +27 Mva:) Att 026, the source voltage is decreased by 6% from the value corresponding to Q = 0. Then the D-STATCOM must senerate reactive power to maintain a1 pu voltage (Q changes from +2.7 Mar 10-28 Mat) (0-7803-7108-9/01/S10 00 (C)2001 IEEE ig $ Waves iusaiog the D_STALCOM yumi performance [Note that when the D-STATCOM changes from inductive to capacitive operation, the inverter modulation index m is ineveased fiom 048 to 087 which corresponds to a propor- tional increase in inverter voltage Reversing ofreetive power flow is very fast (about one eycle) as shown in Fig 6TECONO1: The 27th Annual Conference ofthe IEEE Industrial Electronies Society Tig 6Wloge ard cure waves dig he ange fom adie ‘wesc opeaonart=028 \V_AVERAGE MODELING 10 ACCELERATE ‘THE SIMULATION, The above simulation ses a detailed model of the inverter that includes the switching of th inverter power sw sent the PWM waveforms (Ty 58s). The simula ‘hus falsty long. If we are not interested to ropresent the chop- ping of the PWM waveforms, we can use Instead 2 voltage source having the same average Yalue computed upoa a chop ping period (1/1680 in this ease). By using this “average ‘model", we ean simulate the system operation with lerger stop ine esting in a simalaton te reduction The “average model” can be built based an the energy con servation priseiple As shown in Figure 7, the instantaneous power must be the same on the DC side and the AC side of the Jnverer (assuming an ideal invert) Vaclac * Vela* Vain Vole o The DC curent in the DC-tink eapacito can be then com- puted from the measured AC instantaneous power and the DC- link voltage Vi a8: Vac Tae @ ae A] @. HS On jat [3] ate ete Fg 7 Average modsing eign (@) bead oat PHA, () Ferg mel Fig 8 shows the Simulink implementation ofthe invertr’s average model. On the AC side, the invener is modeled «8 three controlled voltage sources which are determined by tee voltages Viz fiom the consol system, On the DC side it is modeled by the DC link model. In this mode, s eapacivr (ep- resented by an integrator) is charged by a DC current source Fig 8 Sl iran ofthe FWM inser everge ode 0-7803-7108-9/01/810.00 (€)2001 IEEE 993,TECON(I: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society With value computed as shown in 2) A Switck block s used to avoid a division by 2eo at stating when the capacitor has no charge ‘The same dynamic test with the detiled model bas been apnlice to the D-STATCOM average model using a time step size 8 times lager than forthe detailed model. The simulation fume i thus reduced approximately by 8 Fig 9 shows a comparison between waveforms obtained with average and detailed models forthe case where the system changes from inductive 10 capacitive operation at t= 028. The ‘waveforms shown are the D-STATCOM phase A voltage sad cument, and the q-axis eurent Jy The waveforms are quite Sdentical for both models except forthe inverter output voltage ‘waveforms In the detailed model, we ean observe the chop- ing of the de voltage stile inthe average model, only the average valuo is shown, We ean also nate that the dynamics of the curcenis is preserved by the average model Fig 9 Companion boon pects of Sed nd average models Tora sep chang nthe nether volase (0-7803-7108-9/01/$10.00 (C}2001 IEEE. 904 VI CONCLUSION ‘A detailed model of a D-STATCOM bas been devcloped for sein Simulink environment with the Power Sytem Blocks ‘Models of both power cicuit and contol system have been implemented in the same Simulink diagram allowing smooth simulation Two modeling approaches (device and average rodeling) have been presented and applied to the case of & S3Mvir D-STATCOM connected to @ 25-KV distribution net- work The obtained simulation results have demonstrated the validity of the developed models. Average modeling allows a faster simulation which is well sited to controller tuning pur poses VIL REFERENCES [1] KX. Sen, “STATCOM: Theory, Modeing, Application,” In IBEE PES 1999 Winter Mesting Proceeding’, pp 11T7- 18 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), eed by ‘YE. Song and AT. Johns, The Intnation of Blectial Engineers, London, UK, 1999, K ¥.Pail eta, “Application of STATCOM for Damping ‘Torsional Oscillations in Series Compenssted AC Sys- tems IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol 13, No. 3,Sept 1998, pp 237-243, CD Schauder, H. Mehta, “Vector Analysis and Control of Advanced Static VAR Compensators," IEE Proceadings Vol. 140, No 4 July 1993, pp 299206, Power System Blockset For Use with Simulink, User's Guide, The MathWorks Ine , 2000 2 a @ fay