WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DESIGN OF STEEL ROOF TRUSS

PLATE NO. 1

SUBMITTED BY :
AL BASHIR SAUTI
BSCE - 5

SUBMITTED TO :
ENGR. MOHAMMAD NUR MUHAMMAD
INSTRUCTOR
Design the roof truss shown in the figure. The building is located in Zamboanga City.
Weight of roof materials including fasteners = 200 N / m 2 of roof surface,
Ceiling = 500 N / m 2 of celing area. Steel materials are A36. Fy = 36 ksi & Fu = 58 ksi

4.00

10 @ 2.0 m o.c. = 20 m

Trusses

4.0 m

9.0 m
4 @ 6.0 m = 18.0 m

20.0 m

Solution:
Compute for the Wind Load:
From NSCP 2010 - Chapter 2 Minimum Design Loads
207.5.10 Velocity Pressure

q = 0.0000473 K z K d K zt V 2 I w

K d - Wind Directionality factor

K z - Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient factor
K zt - Topographic factor
V - Basic Wind Speed
I w - Importance factor

207.5.12.4.1 Low - rise Buildings and Building with h <_ 18m

p = q [ ( GC p ) - ( GC pf ) ]
p - Design Wind Pressure acting at a surface
GC p - External Pressure Coefficient
GC pf - Internal Pressure Coefficient
Solve Velocity Pressure at mean roof height:

q = 0.0000473 K z K d K zt V 2 I w

K d - 0.85 from Table 207 - 2 Buildings MWFRS

K zt - 1.00 from 207.5.7.2 and 207.5.7.1
V - 150 kph from Table 207 - 1 Zone 3
I w - 1.00 from Table 207 - 3 Standard Occupancy

K z - 1.02 from Table 207 - 4 by linear interpolation

4
h Kz = tan -1
10
9 0.98
11.0 m o
11 y 9.0 m = 21.8
12 1.04

y - 0.98 1.04 - 0.98

=
11 - 9 12 - 9
y = 1.02

2
q = 0.0000473 ( 1.02 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 1.0 ) ( 150 ) ( 1.0 )
q = 0.923 kPa

Solve Design Wind Pressure:

From NSCP 2010 - Chapter 2 Minimum Design Loads
207.5.12.4.1 Low - rise Buildings and Building with h <_ 18m

p = q [ ( GC pf ) - ( GC pi ) ]
p - Design Wind Pressure acting at a surface
GC pf - External Pressure Coefficient
GC pi - Internal Pressure Coefficient

Figure 207 - 5 Internal Pressure Coefficients, GC pi

Enclosure Classification GC pi
Open Buildings 0.00
Partially Enclosed Bldg. +_ 0.55
Enclosed Buildings +_ 0.18

WALLS AND ROOFS

Structure is Enclosed Building therefore GC pi = +_ 0.18

pi
Figure 207 - 10 External Pressure Coefficients, GC pf

Roof Angle 1E 2E 3E 4E
o _ _ _
20 0.80 1.07 0.69 0.64
o
= 21.8 1E 2E 3E 4E
o _ 0.53 _ 0.42
30 0.69 0.27

WALLS AND ROOFS

Compute GC pf for surface 2E and 3E: 3E

2E - ( - 1.07 ) 0.27 - ( - 1.07 ) 4E

=
21.8 - 20 30 - 20 1E
2E

2E = - 0.83

3E - ( - 0.69 ) - 0.53 - ( - 0.69 ) Wind acting from Left to Right

=
21.8 - 20 30 - 20
3E = - 0.66

Solving for wind pressures acting on surface 2E and 3E:

p2E = 0.923 [ - 0.83 - ( 0.18 ) ] p 3E = 0.923 [ - 0.66 - ( 0.18 ) ]

p2E = - 0.93 kPa p 3E = - 0.78 kPa

kPa 0.78
0.93 k Pa

2E 3E

Solving for wind pressures acting on each top chord joints:

z y 4 z= 2.0 2 + 0.8 2
y =
2.0 10
2.0 y = 0.80 m z = 2.154 m

For wind pressure acting at left side joints:

0.93 ( 6.0 ) ( 2.154 ) = 12.02 kN X 1 kips = 2.70 kips
4.448 kN
For wind pressure acting at right side joints:
0.78 ( 6.0 ) ( 2.154 ) = 10.08 kN X 1 kips = 2.27 kips
4.448 kN
For wind load acting at support and topmost joint: ( refer to fig. on next page )
2.70 = 1.35 kips left support 2.27 = 1.135 kips right support
2 2
The Figure shows Wind Load acting at each joint as shown.

1
1.35 .135 2
2.70 .27
2.27
2.7 0
0 2.27
2.7 2.27
2.70 1.13
1.35 5

Compute for the Dead Load:

Roofing materials 200 N / m 2

Purlins spaced @ 1.0 m o.c.

( from left to center of truss )

Design of Purlins:
Spacing of purlins = 1.0 m z 2
4 z= 10 2 + 4
no. of purlins = 10.77
+ 1 10 z = 10.77 m
1.0
no. of purlins = 11 purlins at each side

Compute maximum moment on the purlin caused by weight of roofing:

200 ( 1 ) = 200 N / m
2
200 N / m
wx wy
( weight break down
to components )
m
1.0
m
1.0

w y = 200 sin 21.8 = 74 N / m or 0.07 kN / m

w x = 200 cos 21.8 = 186 N / m or 0.19 kN / m

Maximum moment perpendicular to the top base of purlin due to dead load

Unsupported length is equal to the truss spacing. L = 6.0 m

w x = 0.19 kN / m 2
Mx = w L
8
M x = 0 . 19 ( 6 ) 2
6.0 m 8
M x = 0.86 kN - m
 Maximum moment tangential to the top base of purlin due to dead load

Unsupported length is 3.0 m due to sag rods connected @ 3.0 m o.c.

2
w y = 0.07 kN / m My = w L
8
M y = 0 . 07 ( 3 ) 2
3.0 m
8
M y = 0.08 kN - m

Compute maximum moment on the purlin caused by wind load:

0.93 kN / m 2 0.93 ( 1 ) = 0.93kN / m

ww

m
1.0
m 1.0

( only perpendicular load is present, no tangential load )

Unsupported length is equal to the truss spacing. L = 6.0 m

ww = 0.93 kN / m 2
Mw = w L
8
2
M w = - 0 . 93 ( 6 )
8
6.0 m
M w = - 4.19 kN - m

Compute Maximum Moment on the purlin caused by wind and dead load:

Maximum Moment perpendicular to the upper base of purlin

M ux = 1.2 M x + 1.6 M w
= 1.2 ( 0.86 ) + 1.6 ( - 4.19 )
M ux = - 5.67 kN - m X 1 kip 3.28 ft = - 4.18 k - ft
X
4.448 kN 1.0 m
Maximum Moment tangential to the upper base of purlin
M uy = 1.4 M y
= 1.4 ( 0.08 )
M uy = 0.112 kN - m X 1 kip 3.28 ft = 0.08 k - ft
X
4.448 kN 1.0 m
Try MC 10 X 8.4

From AISC Steel Construction Manual 13th ed.

unbraced length = 3.0 m X 3.28 ft = 9.84 ft

1.0 m

Mnx = 4.75 k - ft > Mux = 4.18 k - ft OK!

3
Mny = 0.9 Fy S y ; S y = 0.268 in , F y = 36 ksi

= 0.9 ( 36 ) ( 0.268 )
Mny = 0.72 k - ft

M ux Muy
+ <_ 1.0
M nx Mny

4.18 0.08 <_ 1.0

+
4.75 0.72

0.991 <_ 1.0 OK! Adopt MC 10 X 8.4 as Purlins

Compute Weight of purlin:

w p = 8.4 lb / ft length = 6.0 m X 3.28 ft = 19.68 ft

1.0 m
w p = 8.4 ( 19.68 )
w p = 165.31 lbs or 0.165 kips
Compute Dead Load acting at each Top Chord joint:

4m
2.15 Weight to be considered:

Weight of purlins per joint

Weight of roofing per joint

2.0 m

w r = 0.2 kN / m 2
w r = 0.2 ( 2.154 ) ( 6 )
w r = 2.58 kN X 1 kip = 0.58 kips
4.448 kN

w total = 2wp + wr
= 2 ( 0.165 ) + 0.58
w total = 0.91 kips ( for Top Chord joints )

Compute Dead Load acting at each Bottom Chord joint:

Weight to be considered:

Weight of ceiling per joint

2.0 m

w c = 0.5 kN / m 2
w c = 0.5 ( 2.0 ) ( 6 )
w c = 6.0 kN 1 kip = 1.35 kips ( for Bottom Chord joints )
X
4.448 kN

Compute Dead Load acting at each joints L 0 and L 10 :

Weight to be considered:
7 m
1.07
Weight of purlins per joint
Weight of roofing per joint
Weight of ceiling per joint

1.0 m

Compute Weight of roofing:

w r = 0.2 kN / m 2
w r = 0.2 ( 1.077) ( 6 )
w r = 1.29 kN X 1 kip = 0.29 kips
4.448 kN
 Compute Weight of ceiling:
w c = 0.5 kN / m 2
w c = 0.5 ( 1.0) ( 6 )
w c = 3.0 kN X 1 kip = 0.67 kips
4.448 kN

w total = 2wp + wr + w c
= 2 ( 0.165 ) + 0.29 + 0.67
w total = 1.29 kips ( for joints L 0 and L 10 )

Dead Loads acting at each joint as shown:

0.91
0.91 0.91
0.91 0.91
0.91 0.91
0.91 0.91
1.29 1.29

1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35

For analysis of the stresses at each member, assume supports as:

1. Hinge - Roller supports ( Conservative Approach )
2. Hinge - Hinge supports ( Economical Approach )
In actual practice, hinge - hinge support is used for the truss. Both hinge supports
will decrease the stresses acting on the Bottom Chord members of the truss, hence,
decreasing the size of the Bottom Chord members.
Hinge - Roller supports, on the other hand, will give a greater value of stresses acting
on the Bottom Chord members, hence, having a bigger size of Bottom Chord members
making the design a more conservative way.
U5
U4 U6
U3 U7
U2 U8
U1 U9
L0 L 10
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9

Assume Hinge - Roller supports, stresses due to dead load and wind load are tabulated:
Tabulated results are all in kips:

DL = Dead Load BC = Bottom Chord

WL = Wind Load TC = Top Chord
WM = Web Members
DL + WL = Dead Load plus Wind Load
MAX. = Maximum Stress due to Wind or Dead load
COMB. = Combination of Loads 1.2 DL + 1.6 WL
DESIGN STRESS = Combination of Loads 1.2 DL + 1.6 WL or 1.4 DL
( whichever will give the maximum stress value )
Design of Bottom Chord Members:

Maximum stress on all Bottom Chord is 35.60 kips in Tension

Therefore design all Bottom Chord as Tension Members.
try 2L 2 X 2 X 1/8
From AISC Manual - Table 1 - 15 Double angle Properties

Area = 0.982 in
For A 36 steel:
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

Check for yielding on gross section:

Pn = 0.9 Fy A g

Pn = 0.9 ( 36 ) ( 0.982 )

Pn = 31.81 kips < Pu = 35.60 kips not okay! try another.

try 2L 2 X 2 X 3/16
From AISC Manual - Table 1 - 15 Double angle Properties
2
Area = 1.440 in
For A 36 steel:
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

Check for yielding on gross section:

Pn = 0.9 F y A g

Pn = 0.9 ( 36 ) ( 1.44 )

Pn = 46.65 kips > Pu = 35.60 kips Okay!

Check for fracture on net section:

Assume welded, therefore A g = A e

Pn = 0.75 Fu A e

Pn = 0.75 ( 58 ) ( 1.44 )

Pn = 62.64 kips > Pu = 35.60 kips Okay!

3
Adopt 2L 2 X 2 X 16
as Bottom Chord Members.
Design of Top Chord Members:

Maximum stress on all Top Chord is 38.34 kips in Compression

Therefore design all Top Chord as Compression Members.
1 1
try 2L 2 2 X 2 2 X 3/16
From AISC Manual - Table 1 - 15 Double angle Properties
2
Area = 1.640 in
rx = 0.771 in

For A 36 steel:
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

Compute Slenderness ratio:

K = 1.0
L = 2.154 m X 3.28 ft 12 in = 84.78 in
X
1.0 m 1.0 ft

KL ( 1 ) ( 84.78 ) E 29000
= 4.71 = 4.71
rx 0.771 Fy 36

KL E
rx
= 109.96
< 4.71
Fy
= 133.68

Fy
Fe
therefore use F cr = ( 0.658 ) Fy

Compute Elastic critical buckling stress:

2 2
E ( 29000 )
Fe = 2
=
2

( )
KL
rx
( 109.96 )

Fe = 23.67 ksi

Compute Flexural buckling stress:

Fy
Fe
F cr = ( 0.658 ) Fy
36
23.67
F cr = ( 0.658 ) ( 36 )

F cr = 19.05 ksi

Compute Design Strength:

Pn = 0.9 Fcr A g

Pn = 0.9 ( 19.05 ) ( 1.640 )

Pn = 28.11 kips < Pu = 38.34 kips not okay! try another.

Design of Top Chord Members:

Maximum stress on all Top Chord is 38.34 kips in Compression

Therefore design all Top Chord as Compression Members.
1 1
try 2L 2 2 X 2 2 X 1/4
From AISC Manual - Table 1 - 15 Double angle Properties
2
Area = 2.370 in
rx = 0.764 in

Compute Slenderness ratio:

K = 1.0
L = 2.154 m X 3.28 ft 12 in = 84.78 in
X
1.0 m 1.0 ft

KL ( 1 ) ( 84.78 ) E 29000
= 4.71 = 4.71
rx 0.764 Fy 36

KL E
rx
= 110.97
< 4.71
Fy
= 133.68

Fy
Fe
therefore use F cr = ( 0.658 ) Fy

Compute Elastic critical buckling stress:

2 2
E ( 29000 )
Fe = 2
=
( 110.97 ) 2
( )
KL
rx

Fe = 23.24 ksi

Compute Flexural buckling stress:

Fy
Fe
F cr = ( 0.658 ) Fy
36
23.24
F cr = ( 0.658 ) ( 36 )

F cr = 18.82 ksi
Compute Design Strength:

Pn = 0.9 Fcr A g

Pn = 0.9 ( 18.82 ) ( 2.37 )

Pn = 40.14 kips < Pu = 38.34 kips Okay!

1 1 1
Adopt 2L 2 2
X2 2
X 4
as Top Chord Members.
Design of Web Members:

Maximum stress on all Web Members is 14.55 kips in Tension

Therefore design all Bottom Chord as Tension Members.
try 2L 2 X 2 X 1/8
From AISC Manual - Table 1 - 15 Double angle Properties
2
Area = 0.982 in
For A 36 steel:
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

Check for yielding on gross section:

Pn = 0.9 F y A g

Pn = 0.9 ( 36 ) ( 0.982 )

Pn = 31.81 kips > Pu = 14.55 kips Okay!

Check for fracture on net section:

Assume welded, therefore A g = A e

Pn = 0.75 Fu A e

Pn = 0.75 ( 58 ) ( 0.982 )

Pn = 42.71 kips > Pu = 14.55 kips Okay!

1
Adopt 2L 2 X 2 X 8 as Web Members.
 Joint Details shown are not scaled:

1 1 1
2L 2 X 2 X TOP CHORD
2 2 4

FULLY WELDED

1
2L 2 X 2 X WEB MEMBER
8

1
2L 2 X 2 X WEB MEMBER
8

3
FULLY WELDED 2L 2 X 2 X BOTTOM CHORD
16