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Tonisitas

The document discusses several methods for determining the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) needed to make an isotonic solution, including: 1. The dissociation factor method, which uses the dissociation factor of compounds to calculate the concentration of NaCl required for isotonicity. 2. The equivalence method, which uses the molecular weight and dissociation factor of compounds to determine how many grams of NaCl are equivalent to grams of another compound. 3. The cryoscopic (freezing point depression) method, which measures changes in freezing point to determine concentrations. 4. The White-Vincent method, which uses agar to determine the correct volume of water needed to achieve isotonicity. Various

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Muhammad Azmi Aziz
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286 views31 pages

Tonisitas

The document discusses several methods for determining the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) needed to make an isotonic solution, including: 1. The dissociation factor method, which uses the dissociation factor of compounds to calculate the concentration of NaCl required for isotonicity. 2. The equivalence method, which uses the molecular weight and dissociation factor of compounds to determine how many grams of NaCl are equivalent to grams of another compound. 3. The cryoscopic (freezing point depression) method, which measures changes in freezing point to determine concentrations. 4. The White-Vincent method, which uses agar to determine the correct volume of water needed to achieve isotonicity. Various

Uploaded by

Muhammad Azmi Aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FTS STERIL

SEDIAAN STERIL
ISOTONISITAS
Verda Farida, M.Biotech., Apt
“
0,9% NaCl
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

Di mana:
f = faktor disosiasi
M = BM
Xa = konsentrasi Faktor disosiasi (fa)
Ø  Non elektrolit 1
Ø  Terdisosiasi 2 ion 1.8
Ø  Terdisosiasi 3 ion 2.6
Ø  Terdisosiasi 4 ion 3.4
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

NaCl à Na+ + Cl-

NaCl 0.9% = 1.8 * 9 g/L = 0.28 mol/L


58.44 g/mol

hipotonis ⟻ 0.28 ⟼ hipertonis


FAKTOR DISOSIASI

R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

i = 1.8
BM = 340
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

Tonisitas Cocain HCl =

1.8 * 6.67 g/L = 0.035 mol/L


340 g/mol
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

◎ Isotonis 0.28
◎ Cocain HCl 0.035
0.245

◎ Xh = 58.5 (0.245) = 7.96 g/L


1.8
◎ 0.24 g/30mL
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


NaCl 0.24
S. Isoton sol. 30 mL
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

R/
Oxytetracyline HCl 0.5%
Tetracaine HCl 2% sol. 15 ml
NaCl qs
Air ad 30 ml
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

R/
Oxytetracyline HCl 0.15 g
Tetracaine HCl 0.3 g
NaCl qs
Air ad 30 ml

Oxytetracyline HCl (i = 1.8 ; BM = 497)


Tetracaine HCl (I = 1.8 ; BM = 301)
FAKTOR DISOSIASI
Oxytetracyclin HCl = 1.8 x 5 g/L = 0.02
497

Tetracain HCl = 1.8 x 10 g/L = 0.06


301
_______________________ +
0.08

Xh = 58.5 x (0.28 – 0.08) = 6.5 g/L


1.8 = 0.195 g/30 mL
FAKTOR DISOSIASI

Jumlah NaCl yang dibutuhkan:

Xh = Mh x [0.28 – ((fa x Xa ) + (fb x Xb) + ….)]


fh Ma Mb
METODE EKIVALENSI

◎ E = BM NaCl x i ZE
i NaCl BM ZE
METODE EKIVALENSI

R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

i = 1.8
BM = 340
METODE EKIVALENSI

R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

i = 1.8
BM = 340

E = 58.5 x 1.8 = 0.17


1.8 340
1 gram Cocain HCl ~ 0.17 gram NaCl
METODE EKIVALENSI
1 gram Cocaine HCl ~ 0.17 gram NaCl
0.2 gram Cocain HCl ~ 0.032 gram NaCl

Isotonis = 0.9% NaCl ~ 0.9 gr dalam 100 mL air


NaCl di dalam 30 mL = 0.27 gram

NaCl yang dibutuhkan = 0.27 – 0.032


= 0.24 gram/30 mL
METODE EKIVALENSI

R/
Oxytetracyline HCl 0.5%
Tetracaine HCl 2% sol. 15 ml
NaCl qs
Air ad 30 ml

Oxytetracyline HCl (i = 1.8 ; BM = 497)


Tetracaine HCl (I = 1.8 ; BM = 301)
METODE EKIVALENSI
E OT = 58.5 x 1.8 = 0.118
1.8 497
ET = 58.5 x 1.8 = 0.194
1.8 301

1 gram OT ~ 0.118 gram NaCl = 0.15 gram OT ~ 0.018 gram


1 gram T ~ 0.194 gram NaCl = 0.3 gram T ~ 0.057 gram
----------------- +
0.075 gram
NaCl 0.9% dalam 30 mL = 0.27 gram
0.075 gram -
0.195 gram NaCl/30 mL
METODE PENURUNAN
TITIK BEKU (CRYOSCOPIC
METHOD)

Water
◎  Freezing point : 0OC

Blood plasma
◎  Freezing point : -0.52OC
◎  Freezing point depression :
-(-0.52) = 0.52OC
METODE PENURUNAN
TITIK BEKU (CRYOSCOPIC METHOD)

ΔTf1% NaCl = 0.58


METODE PENURUNAN
TITIK BEKU (CRYOSCOPIC METHOD)

R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

ΔTf1% Cocain Cl = 0.09


VOLUME ISOTONIS: White-Vincent Method

Untuk menetukan volume air.


VOLUME ISOTONIS: White-Vincent Method

R/ Procaine HCl 1%
NaCl q.s.
Aquades ad 60 mL

E procaine HCl = 0.21


AGEN PENGISOTONIS

NaCl Asam Borat Dekstrosa

1 gram asam borat = x

0.52 g Berat NaCl yang dibutuhkan


HIPERTONIS?

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