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    Tonisitas

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    Muhammad Azmi Aziz
    The document discusses several methods for determining the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) needed to make an isotonic solution, including: 1. The dissociation factor method, which uses the dissociation factor of compounds to calculate the concentration of NaCl required for isotonicity. 2. The equivalence method, which uses the molecular weight and dissociation factor of compounds to determine how many grams of NaCl are equivalent to grams of another compound. 3. The cryoscopic (freezing point depression) method, which measures changes in freezing point to determine concentrations. 4. The White-Vincent method, which uses agar to determine the correct volume of water needed to achieve isotonicity. Various

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Tonisitas

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Azmi Aziz
    209 views31 pages
    The document discusses several methods for determining the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) needed to make an isotonic solution, including: 1. The dissociation factor method, which uses the dissociation factor of compounds to calculate the concentration of NaCl required for isotonicity. 2. The equivalence method, which uses the molecular weight and dissociation factor of compounds to determine how many grams of NaCl are equivalent to grams of another compound. 3. The cryoscopic (freezing point depression) method, which measures changes in freezing point to determine concentrations. 4. The White-Vincent method, which uses agar to determine the correct volume of water needed to achieve isotonicity. Various

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    tonisitas

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    The document discusses several methods for determining the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) needed to make an isotonic solution, including: 1. The dissociation factor method, which uses the dissociation factor of compounds to calculate the concentration of NaCl required for isotonicity. 2. The equivalence method, which uses the molecular weight and dissociation factor of compounds to determine how many grams of NaCl are equivalent to grams of another compound. 3. The cryoscopic (freezing point depression) method, which measures changes in freezing point to determine concentrations. 4. The White-Vincent method, which uses agar to determine the correct volume of water needed to achieve isotonicity. Various

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    209 views31 pages

    Tonisitas

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Azmi Aziz
    The document discusses several methods for determining the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) needed to make an isotonic solution, including: 1. The dissociation factor method, which uses the dissociation factor of compounds to calculate the concentration of NaCl required for isotonicity. 2. The equivalence method, which uses the molecular weight and dissociation factor of compounds to determine how many grams of NaCl are equivalent to grams of another compound. 3. The cryoscopic (freezing point depression) method, which measures changes in freezing point to determine concentrations. 4. The White-Vincent method, which uses agar to determine the correct volume of water needed to achieve isotonicity. Various

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 31

    FTS STERIL

    SEDIAAN STERIL
    ISOTONISITAS
    Verda Farida, M.Biotech., Apt
    “
    0,9% NaCl
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    Di mana:
    f = faktor disosiasi
    M = BM
    Xa = konsentrasi Faktor disosiasi (fa)
    Ø  Non elektrolit 1
    Ø  Terdisosiasi 2 ion 1.8
    Ø  Terdisosiasi 3 ion 2.6
    Ø  Terdisosiasi 4 ion 3.4
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    NaCl à Na+ + Cl-

    NaCl 0.9% = 1.8 * 9 g/L = 0.28 mol/L


    58.44 g/mol

    hipotonis ⟻ 0.28 ⟼ hipertonis


    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


    S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

    i = 1.8
    BM = 340
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    Tonisitas Cocain HCl =

    1.8 * 6.67 g/L = 0.035 mol/L


    340 g/mol
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    ◎ Isotonis 0.28
    ◎ Cocain HCl 0.035
    0.245

    ◎ Xh = 58.5 (0.245) = 7.96 g/L


    1.8
    ◎ 0.24 g/30mL
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


    NaCl 0.24
    S. Isoton sol. 30 mL
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    R/
    Oxytetracyline HCl 0.5%
    Tetracaine HCl 2% sol. 15 ml
    NaCl qs
    Air ad 30 ml
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    R/
    Oxytetracyline HCl 0.15 g
    Tetracaine HCl 0.3 g
    NaCl qs
    Air ad 30 ml

    Oxytetracyline HCl (i = 1.8 ; BM = 497)


    Tetracaine HCl (I = 1.8 ; BM = 301)
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI
    Oxytetracyclin HCl = 1.8 x 5 g/L = 0.02
    497

    Tetracain HCl = 1.8 x 10 g/L = 0.06


    301
    _______________________ +
    0.08

    Xh = 58.5 x (0.28 – 0.08) = 6.5 g/L


    1.8 = 0.195 g/30 mL
    FAKTOR DISOSIASI

    Jumlah NaCl yang dibutuhkan:

    Xh = Mh x [0.28 – ((fa x Xa ) + (fb x Xb) + ….)]


    fh Ma Mb
    METODE EKIVALENSI

    ◎ E = BM NaCl x i ZE
    i NaCl BM ZE
    METODE EKIVALENSI

    R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


    S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

    i = 1.8
    BM = 340
    METODE EKIVALENSI

    R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


    S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

    i = 1.8
    BM = 340

    E = 58.5 x 1.8 = 0.17


    1.8 340
    1 gram Cocain HCl ~ 0.17 gram NaCl
    METODE EKIVALENSI
    1 gram Cocaine HCl ~ 0.17 gram NaCl
    0.2 gram Cocain HCl ~ 0.032 gram NaCl

    Isotonis = 0.9% NaCl ~ 0.9 gr dalam 100 mL air


    NaCl di dalam 30 mL = 0.27 gram

    NaCl yang dibutuhkan = 0.27 – 0.032


    = 0.24 gram/30 mL
    METODE EKIVALENSI

    R/
    Oxytetracyline HCl 0.5%
    Tetracaine HCl 2% sol. 15 ml
    NaCl qs
    Air ad 30 ml

    Oxytetracyline HCl (i = 1.8 ; BM = 497)


    Tetracaine HCl (I = 1.8 ; BM = 301)
    METODE EKIVALENSI
    E OT = 58.5 x 1.8 = 0.118
    1.8 497
    ET = 58.5 x 1.8 = 0.194
    1.8 301

    1 gram OT ~ 0.118 gram NaCl = 0.15 gram OT ~ 0.018 gram


    1 gram T ~ 0.194 gram NaCl = 0.3 gram T ~ 0.057 gram
    ----------------- +
    0.075 gram
    NaCl 0.9% dalam 30 mL = 0.27 gram
    0.075 gram -
    0.195 gram NaCl/30 mL
    METODE PENURUNAN
    TITIK BEKU (CRYOSCOPIC
    METHOD)

    Water
    ◎  Freezing point : 0OC

    Blood plasma
    ◎  Freezing point : -0.52OC
    ◎  Freezing point depression :
    -(-0.52) = 0.52OC
    METODE PENURUNAN
    TITIK BEKU (CRYOSCOPIC METHOD)

    ΔTf1% NaCl = 0.58


    METODE PENURUNAN
    TITIK BEKU (CRYOSCOPIC METHOD)

    R/ Cocain HCl 0.2


    S. Isoton sol. 30 mL

    ΔTf1% Cocain Cl = 0.09


    VOLUME ISOTONIS: White-Vincent Method

    Untuk menetukan volume air.


    VOLUME ISOTONIS: White-Vincent Method

    R/ Procaine HCl 1%
    NaCl q.s.
    Aquades ad 60 mL

    E procaine HCl = 0.21


    AGEN PENGISOTONIS

    NaCl Asam Borat Dekstrosa

    1 gram asam borat = x

    0.52 g Berat NaCl yang dibutuhkan


    HIPERTONIS?

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