IMPORTANT NOTICE

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2016 CALIFORNIA
EXISTING BUILDING CODE
CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS
TITLE 24, PART 10
Based on the 2015 International Existing Building Code®

California Building Standards Commission

Effective January 1, 2017

For Errata and Supplement effective

dates see the History Note Appendix
 2016 California Existing Building Code
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 10

First Printing: July 2016

ISBN: 978-1-60983-655-9

Published by

International Code Council

500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor
Washington, D.C. 20001
1-888-422-7233

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

 PREFACE

This document is Part 10 of thirteen parts of the official triennial compilation and publication of the adoptions, amendments and
repeal of administrative regulations to California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Stan-
dards Code. This part is known as the California Existing Building Code.
The California Building Standards Code is published in its entirety every three years by order of the California legislature, with
supplements published in intervening years. The California legislature delegated authority to various state agencies, boards,
commissions and departments to create building regulations to implement the State’s statutes. These building regulations, or
standards, have the same force of law, and take effect 180 days after their publication unless otherwise stipulated. The California
Building Standards Code applies to occupancies in the State of California as annotated.
A city, county, or city and county may establish more restrictive building standards reasonably necessary because of local
climatic, geological or topographical conditions. Findings of the local condition(s) and the adopted local building standard(s)
must be filed with the California Building Standards Commission to become effective and may not be effective sooner than the
effective date of this edition of the California Building Standards Code. Local building standards that were adopted and
applicable to previous editions of the California Building Standards Code do not apply to this edition without appropriate
adoption and the required filing.
Should you find publication (e.g., typographical) errors or inconsistencies in this code or wish to offer comments toward
improving its format, please address your comments to:

California Building Standards Commission

2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130
Sacramento, CA 95833–2936
Phone: (916) 263–0916
Email: [email protected]
Web page: www.bsc.ca.gov

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The 2016 California Building Standards Code (Code) was developed through the outstanding collaborative efforts of the
Department of Housing and Community Development, Division of State Architect, Office of the State Fire Marshal, Office of
Statewide Health Planning and Development, California Energy Commission, California Department of Public Health, Califor-
nia State Lands Commission, Board of State and Community Corrections, and the California Building Standards Commission
(Commission).
This collaborative effort included the assistance of the Commission’s Code Advisory Committees and many other volunteers
who worked tirelessly to assist the Commission in the production of this Code.

Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr.

Members of the California Building Standards Commission
Secretary Marybel Batjer – Chair
Steven Winkel – Vice-Chair
Raj Patel D. Malcolm Carson
Elley Klausbruckner Cheryl Roberts
Larry Booth Erick Mikiten
James Barthman Kent Sasaki
Peter Santillan
Jim McGowan – Executive Director
Michael L. Nearman – Deputy Executive Director

For questions on California state agency amendments, please refer to the contact list on page iv.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE iii

 CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS, TITLE 24
California Agency Information Contact List

Board of State and Community Corrections Department of Housing and Community Development
www.bscc.ca.gov ....................................................... (916) 445-5073 www.hcd.ca.gov .........................................................(916) 445-9471
Local Adult Jail Standards Residential—Hotels, Motels, Apartments,
Local Juvenile Facility Standards Single-Family Dwellings; and
Permanent Structures in Mobilehome &
California Building Standards Commission Special Occupancy Parks
www.bsc.ca.gov......................................................... (916) 263-0916 (916) 445-3338
Factory-Built Housing, Manufactured Housing &
California Energy Commission Commercial Modular
www.energy.ca.gov ........................ Energy Hotline (800) 772-3300
Mobilehome—Permits & Inspections
Building Efficiency Standards Northern Region–(916) 255-2501
Appliance Efficiency Standards Southern Region–(951) 782-4420
Compliance Manual/Forms
(916) 445-9471
Employee Housing Standards
California State Lands Commission
www.slc.ca.gov.......................................................... (562) 499-6312
Department of Public Health
Marine Oil Terminals
www.dph.ca.gov.........................................................(916) 449-5661
California State Library Organized Camps Standards
www.library.ca.gov ................................................... (916) 653-5217 Public Swimming Pools Standards

Department of Consumer Affairs: Division of the State Architect

Acupuncture Board www.dgs.ca.gov/dsa...................................................(916) 445-8100
www.acupuncture.ca.gov .......................................... (916) 515-5200
Access Compliance
Office Standards
Fire and Life Safety
Board of Pharmacy
www.pharmacy.ca.gov .............................................. (916) 574-7900 Structural Safety
Pharmacy Standards Public Schools Standards
Essential Services Building Standards
Bureau of Barbering and Cosmetology
Community College Standards
www.barbercosmo.ca.gov ......................................... (800) 952-5210
Barber and Beauty Shop, State Historical Building Safety Board
and College Standards Alternative Building Standards
Bureau of Electronic and Appliance Repair,
Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development
www.bearhfti.ca.gov ................................................. (916) 999-2041
www.oshpd.ca.gov .....................................................(916) 440-8356
Insulation Testing Standards
Hospital Standards
Structural Pest Control Board Skilled Nursing Facility Standards &
www.pestboard.ca.gov .............................................. (800) 737-8188 Clinic Standards
Structural Standards
Permits (916) 654-3362
Veterinary Medical Board
www.vmb.ca.gov ....................................................... (916) 515-5220 Office of the State Fire Marshal
Veterinary Hospital Standards
osfm.fire.ca.gov..........................................................(916) 445-8200
Department of Food and Agriculture Code Development and Analysis
www.cdfa.ca.gov Fire Safety Standards

Meat & Poultry Packing Plant Standards

Rendering & Collection Standards ........................... (916) 900-5004
Dairy Standards ........................................................ (916) 900-5008

iv 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 How to Distinguish Between Model Code Language
and
California Amendments
To distinguish between model code language and the incorporated California amendments, including exclusive California stan-
dards, California amendments will appear in italics.
[BSC] This is an example of a state agency acronym used to identify an adoption or amendment by the agency. The acronyms
will appear at California Amendments and in the Matrix Adoption Tables. Sections 1.2 through 1.14 in Chapter 1, Division 1 of
this code, explain the used acronyms, the application of state agency adoptions to building occupancies or building features, the
enforcement agency as designated by state law (may be the state adopting agency or local building or fire official), the authority
in state law for the state agency to make the adoption, and the specific state law being implemented by the agency’s adoption.
The following acronyms are used in Title 24 to identify the state adopting agency making an adoption.

Legend of Acronyms of Adopting State Agencies

BSC California Building Standards Commission (see Section 1.2.1)
BSC-CG California Building Standards Commission-CALGreen (see Section 1.2.2)
BSCC Board of State and Community Corrections (see Section 1.3)
SFM Office of the State Fire Marshal (see Section 1.11)
HCD 1 Department of Housing and Community Development (see Section 1.8.2.1.1)
HCD 2 Department of Housing and Community Development (see Section 1.8.2.1.3)
HCD 1/AC Department of Housing and Community Development (see Section 1.8.2.1.2)
DSA-AC Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance (see Section 1.9.1)
DSA-SS Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety (see Section 1.9.2)
DSA-SS/CC Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety/Community Colleges
(see Section 1.9.2.2)
OSHPD 1 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.1)
OSHPD 2 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.2)
OSHPD 3 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.3)
OSHPD 4 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.4)
DPH Department of Public Health (see Section 1.7)
AGR Department of Food and Agriculture (see Section 1.6)
CEC California Energy Commission (see Section 100 in Part 2, the California Energy Code)
CA Department of Consumer Affairs (see Section 1.6):
Board of Barbering and Cosmetology
Board of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine
Board of Pharmacy
Acupuncture Board
Bureau of Home Furnishings
Structural Pest Control Board
SL State Library (see Section 1.12)
SLC State Lands Commission (see Section 1.14)
DWR Department of Water Resources (see Section 1.12 of Chapter 1 of the California
Plumbing Code in Part 2 of Title 24)
The state agencies are available to answer questions about their adoptions. Contact information is provided on page iv of this
code.
To learn more about the use of this code refer to pages vi and vii. Training materials on the application and use of this code are
available at the website of the California Building Standards Commission www.bsc.ca.gov.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE v

 California Matrix Adoption Tables

Format of the California Matrix Adoption Tables

The matrix adoption tables, examples of which follow, are non-regulatory aids intended to show the user which state agencies
have adopted and/or amended given sections of the model code. An agency's statutory authority for certain occupancies or build-
ing applications determines which chapter or section may be adopted, repealed, amended or added. See Chapter 1, Division I,
Sections 1.2 through 1.14 for agency authority, building applications and enforcement responsibilities.
The side headings identify the scope of state agencies’ adoption as follows:

Adopt the entire IEBC chapter without state amendments.

If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row; this means that particular state agency has adopted the
entire model code chapter without any state amendments.
Example:
CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting agency BSC-
BSC CG SFM 1 2 1-AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC

Adopt entire chapter X

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)
Adopt only those
sections that are S A M P L E
listed below
Chapter/Section

Adopt the entire IEBC chapter as amended, state-amended sections are listed below:
If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the
entire model code chapter; with state amendments.
Each state-amended section that the agency has added to that particular chapter is listed. There will be an “X” in the column,
by that particular section, under the agency’s acronym, as well as an “X” by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:
CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting agency BSC-
BSC CG SFM 1 2 1-AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter
as amended
X
(amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those
sections that are S A M P L E
listed below
Chapter 1
202 X

vi 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the
requirements of the 2012 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow ( ¬) are provided in
the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in a
list of items or a table has been deleted.
A single asterisk [*] placed in the margin indicates that text or a table has been relocated within
the code. A double asterisk [**] placed in the margin indicates that the text or table immediately
following it has been relocated there from elsewhere in the code. The following table indicates such
relocations in the 2015 edition of the International Existing Building Code.

2015 LOCATION 2012 LOCATION

R302.13 R501.3
R403.1.3.4 R403.1.4.2
R404.1.1 R404.1.3
R502.2.2 R502.1.2
Tables R602.7(1) and (2) Tables R502.5(1) and (2)
P2902.3.7 P2905.4.1

Symbols in the margin indicate the status of code changes as follows:

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE vii

Maintenance
The International Existing Building Code is kept up to date through the review of proposed changes
submitted by code enforcing officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other
interested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code development
process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.

The contents of this work are subject to change through both the code development cycles and
the governmental body that enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the code
development process, contact the Codes and Standards Development Department of the Interna-
tional Code Council.

While the development procedure of the International Existing Building Code ensures the highest
degree of care, the ICC, its members and those participating in the development of this code do not
accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions because the ICC
does not have the power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this
code. Only the governmental body that enacts the code into law has such authority.

Code Development Committee Responsibilities

(Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers)
In each code development cycle, proposed changes to this code are considered at the Committee
Action Hearings by the International Existing Building Code Development Committee. Proposed
changes to a code section having a number beginning with a letter in brackets are considered by a
different code development committee. For example, proposed changes to code sections that are
preceded by the designation [F] (e.g., [F] 1404.2) are considered by the International Fire Code
Development Committee at the Committee Action Hearings.

The content of sections in this code that begin with a letter designation is maintained by another
code development committee in accordance with the following:

[A] = Administrative Code Development Committee;

[BE] = IBC – Means of Egress Code Development Committee;

[BG] = IBC – General Code Development Committee;

[BS] = IBC – Structural Code Development Committee;

[EC] = International Energy Conservation Code Development Committee;

[F] = International Fire Code Development Committee;

[FG] = International Fuel Gas Code Development Committee;

[M] = International Mechanical Code Development Committee; and

[P] = International Plumbing Code Development Committee.

For the development of the 2018 edition of the I-Codes, there will be three groups of code devel-
opment committees and they will meet in separate years. Note that these are tentative groupings.

viii 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 For the development of the 2018 edition of the I-Codes, there will be three groups of code devel-
opment committees and they will meet in separate years. Note that these are tentative groups.

Group A Codes Group B Codes Group C Codes

(Heard in 2015, Code Change Proposals (Heard in 2016, Code Change Proposals (Heard in 2017, Code Change Proposals
Deadline: January 12, 2015) Deadline: January 11, 2016) Deadline: January 11, 2017)
International Building Code
– Fire Safety (Chapters 7, 8, 9, 14, 26) Administrative Provisions (Chapter 1 all
– Means of Egress codes except the IRC and IECC, adminis- International Green Construction Code
(Chapters 10, 11, Appendix E) trative updates to currently referenced
– General (Chapters 2-6, 12, 27-33, standards, and designated definitions)
Appendices A, B, C, D, K)
International Building Code
– Structural
International Fuel Gas Code (Chapters 15-25, Appendices F, G,
H, I, J, L, M)
International Existing Building Code International Energy Conservation Code
International Mechanical Code International Fire Code
International Residential Code
– IRC-Building (Chapters 1, 3-10,
International Plumbing Code
Appendices E, F, H, J, K, L, M,
O, R, S, T, U)
International Private Sewage International Wildland-Urban Interface
Disposal Code Code
International Property Maintenance
Code
International Residential Code
– IRC-Mechanical (Chapters 12-24)
– IRC-Plumbing
(Chapters 25-33, Appendices G, I, N, P)
International Swimming Pool and Spa
Code
International Zoning Code

Note: Proposed changes to the ICC Performance Code will be heard by the code development committee noted in brackets [ ]
in the text of the code.
Code change proposals submitted to Chapters 1 and 3 through 10, Appendices E, F, H, J, K, L, M,
O, R, S, T, U and Definitions designated [RB] of the International Residential Code are heard by the
IRC—Building Committee during the Group B (2016) cycle code development hearing. Proposed
changes to all other chapters are heard by the IRC Plumbing and Mechanical Committee during the
Group A (2015) code development cycle.

It is very important that anyone submitting code change proposals understand which code devel-
opment committee is responsible for the section of the code that is the subject of the code change
proposal. For further information on the code development committee responsibilities, please visit
the ICC web site at www.iccsafe.org/scoping.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE ix

x 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION. . . . 3 110 Certificate of Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

DIVISION I – CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION 111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section 112 Board of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 113 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.2 Building Standards Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 114 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3 Board of State and Community Corrections . . . . . 7 115 Unsafe Buildings and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.4 Department of Consumer Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 116 Emergency Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.5 California Energy Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 117 Demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.6 Department of Food and Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7 California Department of Public Health. . . . . . . . . 7 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.8 Department of Housing and Community Section
Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.8.2 Authority and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 202 General Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.8.3 Local Enforcing Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.8.4 Permits, Fees, Applications and Inspections . . . . . 9 CHAPTER 3 PROVISIONS FOR ALL
COMPLIANCE METHODS . . . . . . . . 37
1.8.5 Right of Entry for Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section
1.8.6 Local Modification by Ordinance
or Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 301 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.8.7 Alternate Materials, Designs, 302 General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Tests and Methods of Construction . . . . . . . . . 10 303−312
1.8.8 Appeals Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.8.9 Unsafe Buildings or Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 313 Existing Group R-1 and
Group R-2 Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.8.10 Other Building Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
314 Existing High-Rise Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.9 Division of the State Architect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
315 Existing Group I Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.10 Office of Statewide Health Planning
and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 316 Existing Group L Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 317 Earthquake Evaluation and Design for
Retrofit of Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
1.12 State Librarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
318 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1.13 Department of Water Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
319 Seismic Criteria Selection
1.14 California State Lands Commission. . . . . . . . . . . 17
for Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
320 Method A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
DIVISION II – SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
321 Method B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Section
322 Peer Review Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
323 Additional Requirements for Public
102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Schools and Community Colleges . . . . . . . . . . 53
103 Department of Building Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
104 Duties and Powers of Code Official. . . . . . . . . . . 19 CHAPTER 4 PRESCRIPTIVE
105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 COMPLIANCE METHOD . . . . . . . . . 57
106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Section
107 Temporary Structures and Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
108 Fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 402 Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
109 Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 403 Alterations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

404 Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 CHAPTER 16 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . . 95

405 Fire Escapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
406 Glass Replacement and APPENDIX CHAPTER A1
Replacement Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 SEISMIC STRENGTHENING
PROVISIONS FOR
407 Change of Occupancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
UNREINFORCED MASONRY
408 Historic Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 BEARING WALL BUILDINGS . . . . 101
409 Moved Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Section
410 Accessibility for Existing Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . 64 A100 Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
A101 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
CHAPTER 5 CLASSIFICATION OF WORK . . . . . 67
A102 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
A103 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
CHAPTER 6 REPAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
A104 Symbols and Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
CHAPTER 7 ALTERATIONS—LEVEL 1 . . . . . . . . 71 A105 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
A106 Materials Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
CHAPTER 8 ALTERATIONS—LEVEL 2 . . . . . . . . 73 A107 Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
A108 Design Strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
CHAPTER 9 ALTERATIONS—LEVEL 3 . . . . . . . . 75 A109 Analysis and Design Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
A110 General Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
CHAPTER 10 CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY . . . . . . . 77
A111 Special Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
A112 Analysis and Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
CHAPTER 11 ADDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
A113 Detailed System Design Requirements . . . . . . . 110
CHAPTER 12 HISTORIC BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . 81 A114 Walls of Unburned Clay,
Adobe or Stone Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
CHAPTER 13 RELOCATED OR MOVED REFERENCED STANDARDS
BUILDINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Uniform Building Code Standard 21-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Uniform Building Code Standard 21-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
CHAPTER 14 PERFORMANCE Uniform Building Code Standard 21-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
COMPLIANCE METHODS . . . . . . . . 85
Uniform Building Code Standard 21-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Uniform Building Code Standard 21-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
CHAPTER 15 CONSTRUCTION
SAFEGUARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
CHAPTER A3 PRESCRIPTIVE PROVISIONS
Section
FOR SEISMIC STRENGTHENING
1501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 OF CRIPPLE WALLS AND SILL
1502 Protection of Adjoining Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 PLATE ANCHORAGE OF LIGHT,
1503 Temporary Use of Streets, Alleys WOOD-FRAME RESIDENTIAL
and Public Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
1504 Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Section
1505 Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 A301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
1506 Standpipe Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 A302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
1507 Automatic Sprinkler System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 A303 Structural Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
1508 Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 A304 Strengthening Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
1509 Water Supply for Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

xii 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER A4 EARTHQUAKE RISK

REDUCTION IN WOOD-FRAME
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
WITH SOFT, WEAK OR
OPEN FRONT WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Section
A401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
A402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
A403 Analysis and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
A404 Prescriptive Measures for Weak Story . . . . . . . . 147
A405 Materials of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
A406 Information Required to be on the Plans . . . . . . 148
A407 Quality Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

CHAPTER A6 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . 149

HISTORY NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE xiii

xiv 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 1 – SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
X X X X X X X
are listed below
Chapter / Section
Division I – California
Administration
1.1 X X X X X X X
1.2 X
1.3
1.4
1.5 (Reserved)
1.6
1.7
1.8 X X X
1.9.1 X
1.9.1.1 X
1.9.2 X X
1.9.2.1 X
1.9.2.2 X
1.11 X
Division II – Scope and
Administration
105.2 Building: 1-6 X X
105.2.1 – 105.2.2 X
105.3 – 105.3.1 X
105.4 X
105.6 – 105.7 X
106.1 X X
106.1-106.3 X
106.2.1 X X
106.2.4 X X
106.2.5 X X
106.4 X
106.5 X
107.1-107.4 X
109.1-109.3 X
109.3 X X
109.3.1 X X
109.3.2 X X
109.3.3 X X
109.3.4-109.3.6 X X X
109.3.7-109.3.9 X X X
109.4-109.6 X
110 X
111 X
113.1-113.2 X
114 X
115 X
The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 1

2 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER 1

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

DIVISION I
CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

SECTION 1.1 1. State-owned buildings, including buildings con-

GENERAL structed by the Trustees of the California State
1.1.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Califor- University, and to the extent permitted by Cali-
nia Existing Building Code, may be cited as such and will be fornia laws, buildings designed and constructed
referred to herein as “this code.” The California Existing by the Regents of the University of California,
Building Code is Part 10 of thirteen parts of the official com- and regulated by the Building Standards Com-
pilation and publication of the adoption, amendment and mission. See Section 1.2 for additional scope pro-
repeal of building regulations to the California Code of Reg- visions.
ulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building 2. Section 1.3 is reserved for the Board of State
Standards Code. This part incorporates by adoption the 2015 Community Corrections.
International Existing Building Code of the International 3. Section 1.4 is reserved for the Department of
Code Council with necessary California amendments. Consumer Affairs.
1.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the 4. Section 1.5 is reserved for the California Energy
minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety Commission.
and general welfare through structural strength, means of
egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, 5. Section 1.6 is reserved for the Department of
sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation and energy con- Food and Agriculture.
servation; safety to life and property from fire and other haz- 6. Section 1.7 is reserved for the Department of
ards attributed to the built environment; and to provide safety Public Health.
to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency
7. Hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments,
operations.
dwellings, dormitories, condominiums, shelters
1.1.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the for homeless persons, congregate residences,
construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replace- employee housing, factory-built housing and
ment, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, main- other types of dwellings containing sleeping
tenance, removal and demolition of every building or accommodations with or without common toilets
structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to or cooking facilities. See Section 1.8.2.1.1 for
such buildings or structures throughout the State of Califor- additional scope provisions.
nia.
8. Accommodations for persons with disabilities in
1.1.3.1 Nonstate-regulated buildings, structures and buildings containing newly constructed covered
applications. Except as modified by local ordinance pur- multifamily dwellings, new common use spaces
suant to Section 1.1.8, the following standards in the Cali- serving existing covered multifamily dwellings,
fornia Code of Regulations, Title 24, Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, additions to existing buildings where the addition
6, 9, 10 and 11 shall apply to all occupancies and applica- alone meets the definition of Covered Multifamily
tions not regulated by a state agency. Dwelling, and new common-use areas serving
1.1.3.2 State-regulated buildings, structures and applica- new covered multifamily dwellings, which are
tions. The model code, state amendments to the model regulated by the Department of Housing and
code, and/or state amendments where there are no rele- Community Development. See Section 1.8.2.1.2
vant model code provisions shall apply to the following for additional scope provisions.
buildings, structures, and applications regulated by state 9. Permanent buildings and permanent accessory
agencies as specified in Sections 1.2 through 1.14, except buildings or structures constructed within
where modified by local ordinance pursuant to Section mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks
1.1.8. When adopted by a state agency, the provisions of regulated by the Department of Housing and
this code shall be enforced by the appropriate enforcing Community Development. See Section 1.8.2.1.3
agency, but only to the extent of authority granted to such for additional scope provisions.
agency by the state legislature.
10. Accommodations for persons with disabilities
Note: See “How to Distinguish Between Model Code regulated by the Division of the State Architect.
Language and California Amendments” in the front of See Section 1.9.1 for additional scope provisions.
the code.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 3

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

11. Public elementary and secondary schools, com- 14.5. Public school automatic fire detection,
munity college buildings and state-owned or alarm and sprinkler systems
state-leased essential service buildings regulated 14.6. Wildland-urban interface fire areas
by the Division of the State Architect. See Section
1.9.2 for additional scope provisions. 15. Section 1.12 is reserved for the State Librarian.
12. Qualified historical buildings and structures and 16. Section 1.13 is reserved for the Department of
their associated sites regulated by the State His- Water Resources.
torical Building Safety Board with the Division of 17. For applications listed in Section 1.9.1 regulated
the State Architect. by the Division of the State Architect-Access
13. General acute care hospitals, acute psychiatric Compliance, outdoor environments and uses
hospitals, skilled nursing and/or intermediate shall be classified according to accessibility uses
care facilities, clinics licensed by the Department described in Chapter 11B contained in the Cali-
of Public Health and correctional treatment cen- fornia Building Code.
ters regulated by the Office of Statewide Health 18. Section 1.14 is reserved for the California State
Planning and Development. See Section 1.10 for Lands Commission.
additional scope provisions. 1.1.4 Appendices. Provisions contained in the appendices of
14. Applications regulated by the Office of the State this code shall not apply unless specifically adopted by a
Fire Marshal include, but are not limited to, the state agency or adopted by a local enforcing agency in com-
following in accordance with Section 1.11: pliance with Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq. for
14.1. Buildings or structures used or intended Building Standards Law, Health and Safety Code Section
for use as an: 17950 for State Housing Law and Health and Safety Code
Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection Districts. See Section
1. Asylum, jail, prison 1.1.8 of this code.
2. Mental hospital, hospital, home for the 1.1.5 Referenced codes. The codes, standards and publica-
elderly, children's nursery, children's tions adopted and set forth in this code, including other
home or institution, school or any sim- codes, standards and publications referred to therein are, by
ilar occupancy of any capacity title and date of publication, hereby adopted as standard ref-
3. Theater, dancehall, skating rink, audi- erence documents of this code. When this code does not spe-
torium, assembly hall, meeting hall, cifically cover any subject related to building design and
nightclub, fair building or similar construction, recognized architectural or engineering prac-
place of assemblage where 50 or more tices shall be employed. The National Fire Codes, standards,
persons may gather together in a and the Fire Protection Handbook of the National Fire Pro-
building, room or structure for the tection Association are permitted to be used as authoritative
purpose of amusement, entertainment, guides in determining recognized fire prevention engineering
instruction, deliberation, worship, practices.
drinking or dining, awaiting transpor- 1.1.6 Nonbuilding standards, orders and regulations.
tation, or education Requirements contained in the California Existing Building
4. Small family day-care homes, large Code, or in any other referenced standard, code or document,
family day-care homes, residential which are not building standards as defined in Health and
facilities and residential facilities for Safety Code Section 18909, shall not be construed as part of
the elderly, residential care facilities the provisions of this code. For nonbuilding standards,
5. State institutions or other state-owned orders and regulations, see other titles of the California Code
or state-occupied buildings of Regulations.
6. High rise structures 1.1.7 Order of precedence and use.
7. Motion picture production studios 1.1.7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences
between these building standards and the standard refer-
8. Organized camps ence documents, the text of these building standards shall
9. Residential structures govern.
14.2. Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures 1.1.7.2 Specific provisions. Where a specific provision
used in connection with any occupancy varies from a general provision, the specific provision
shall apply.
14.3. Fire alarm devices, equipment and sys-
tems in connection with any occupancy 1.1.7.3 Conflicts. When the requirements of this code con-
flict with the requirements of any other part of the Califor-
14.4. Hazardous materials, flammable and
nia Building Standards Code, Title 24 the most restrictive
combustible liquids
requirements shall prevail.

4 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.1.7.3.1 Detached one- and two-family dwellings. Applicable provisions of Public Resources Code Sec-
Detached one- and two-family dwellings, efficiency tion 25402.1(h)(2) and applicable provisions of Section
dwelling units, lodging houses, live/work units, town- 10-106, Chapter 10 of the California Administrative
houses not more than three stories above grade plane in Code, Part 1 apply to locally adopted energy standards
height with a separate means of egress, and their acces- amending the California Energy Code, Part 6.
sory structures, may be designed and constructed in 1.1.9 Effective date of this code. Only those standards
accordance with the California Residential Code or the approved by the California Building Standards Commission
California Building Code, but not both, unless the pro- that are effective at the time an application for building per-
posed structure(s) or element(s) exceed the design limita- mit is submitted shall apply to the plans and specifications
tions established in the California Residential Code, and for, and to the construction performed under, that permit. For
the code user is specifically directed by the California the effective dates of the provisions contained in this code,
Residential Code to use the California Building Code. see the History Note page of this code.
1.1.8 City, county, or city and county amendments, addi- 1.1.10 Availability of codes. At least one complete copy each
tions or deletions. The provisions of this code do not limit the of Titles 8, 19, 20, 24 and 25 with all revisions shall be main-
authority of city, county, or city and county governments to tained in the office of the building official responsible for the
establish more restrictive and reasonably necessary differ- administration and enforcement of this code. Each state
ences to the provisions contained in this code pursuant to department concerned and each city, county, or city and
complying with Section 1.1.8.1. The effective date of amend- county shall have an up-to-date copy of the code available for
ments, additions or deletions to this code by a city, county, or public inspection. See Health and Safety Code Section
city and county filed pursuant to Section 1.1.8.1 shall be the 18942(e)(1) and (2).
date filed. However, in no case shall the amendments, addi-
tions or deletions to this code be effective any sooner than the 1.1.11 Format. This part fundamentally adopts the Interna-
effective date of this code. tional Existing Building Code by reference on a chapter-by-
chapter basis. When a specific chapter of the International
Local modifications shall comply with Health and Safety
Existing Building Code is not printed in the code and is marked
Code Section 18941.5 for Building Standards Law, Health
“Reserved”, such chapter of the International Existing Build-
and Safety Code Section 17958 for State Housing Law or
ing Code is not adopted as a portion of this code. When a spe-
Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection
cific chapter of the International Existing Building Code is
Districts.
marked “Not adopted by the State of California” but appears
1.1.8.1 Findings and filings. in the code, it may be available for adoption by local ordi-
1. The city, county, or city and county shall make express nance.
findings for each amendment, addition or deletion Those provisions of the model code used as the basis for
based upon climatic, topographical or geological con- this part of the California Building Standards Code in Title
ditions. 24, California Code of Regulations, that are not printed
Exception: Hazardous building ordinances and herein and are marked “Not adopted by the State of Califor-
programs mitigating unreinforced masonry build- nia,” may be available for adoption by local ordinance, pro-
ings. vided such ordinance and related model code provisions do
not conflict with Title 24 provisions applicable to the subject
2. The city, county, or city and county shall file the occupancy or building feature. Such a local ordinance is not
amendments, additions or deletions expressly subject to the Express Finding and document filing require-
marked and identified as to the applicable findings. ments of Health and Safety Code Sections 13869.7, 17958,
Cities, counties, cities and counties, and fire depart- and 18941.5.
ments shall file the amendments, additions or dele-
tions, and the findings with the California Building Note: Matrix Adoption Tables at the front of each chapter
Standards Commission at 2525 Natomas Park may aid the code user in determining which chapter or
Drive, Suite 130, Sacramento, CA 95833. sections within a chapter are applicable to buildings
under the authority of a specific state agency, but they are
3. Findings prepared by fire protection districts shall not to be considered regulatory.
be ratified by the local city, county, or city and
county and filed with the California Department of 1.1.12 Validity. If any chapter, section, subsection, sentence,
Housing and Community Development, Division of clause or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be
Codes and Standards, P. 0. Box 1407, Sacramento, unconstitutional, contrary to statute, exceeding the authority
CA 95812-1407 or 2020 West El Camino Avenue, of the state as stipulated by statutes or otherwise inoperative,
Suite 250 Sacramento, CA 95833-1829. such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining
portion of this code.
1.1.8.2 Locally adopted energy standards – California
Energy Code, Part 6
In addition to the provisions of Section 1.1.8.1 of this SECTION 1.2
Part, the provisions of this section shall apply to a city, BUILDING STANDARDS COMMISSION
county, and city and county adopting local energy stan- 1.2.1 BSC. Specific scope of application of the agency
dards applicable to buildings and structures subject to the responsible for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the
California Energy Code, Part 6.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 5

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

specific authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this entity has authority to construct, alter, enlarge, replace,
code, unless otherwise stated. repair or demolish.
1. State buildings for all occupancies. 1.2.1.2 Enforcement. [CSU, UC, Judicial Council and
Application—State buildings (all occupancies), includ- California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation]
ing buildings constructed by the Trustees of the Cali- State agencies or state entities authorized to construct
fornia State University (CSU) and the Regents of the state buildings may appoint a building official who is
University of California (UC) where no state agency responsible to the agency for enforcement of the provi-
has the authority to adopt building standards applica- sions of the California Building Standards Code.
ble to such buildings. Exception: State buildings regulated by other sections
Enforcing agency—State or local agency specified by of this code remain the enforcement responsibility of
the applicable provisions of law. the designated entities.
1.2.1.3 Enforcement. Reserved for DGS.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section
18934.5. 1.2.1.4 Adopting agency identification. The provisions of
this code applicable to buildings identified in this section
Reference—Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part
will be identified in the Matrix Adoption Tables under the
2.5, commencing with Section 18901.
acronym BSC.
2. University of California, California State Universities
1.2.2 BSC-CG. Specific scope of application of the agency
and California Community Colleges.
responsible for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the
Application—Standards for lighting for parking lots specific authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this
and primary campus walkways at the University of Cal- code, unless otherwise stated.
ifornia, California State Universities and California
Application—All occupancies where no state agency has
Community Colleges.
the authority to adopt green building standards applicable
Enforcing agency—State or local agency specified by to those occupancies.
the applicable provisions of law.
Enforcing agency—State or local agency specified by the
Authority cited—Government Code Section 14617. applicable provisions of law.
Reference—Government Code Section 14617. Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections
3. Existing state-owned buildings, including those 18930.5(a), 18938 and 18940.5.
owned by the University of California and by the Cali- Reference—Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part
fornia State University. 2.5, commencing with Section 18901.
Application—Building seismic retrofit standards 1.2.2.1 Adopting agency identification. The provisions of
including abating falling hazards of structural and this code applicable to buildings identified in this section
nonstructural components and strengthening of build- will be identified in the Matrix Adoption Tables under the
ing structures. See also Division of the State Architect. acronym BSC-CG.
Enforcing agency—State or local agency specified by 1.2.3 Alternative materials, design and methods of construc-
the applicable provisions of law. tion and equipment. The provisions of this code are not
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section intended to prevent the installation of any material or to pro-
16600. hibit any design or method of construction not specifically
prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative
Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 16600 has been approved. An alternative material, design or
through 16604. method of construction shall be approved where the building
4. Unreinforced masonry-bearing wall buildings. official finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and
Application—Minimum seismic strengthening stan- complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and
dards for buildings specified in Appendix Chapter A1 that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose
of the California Existing Building Code, except for intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this
buildings subject to building standards pursuant to code in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, dura-
Health and Safety Code (commencing) with Section bility and safety.
17910. 1.2.3.1 Research reports. Supporting data, where neces-
Enforcing agency—State or local agency specified the sary to assist in the approval of materials or assemblies
applicable provisions of law. not specifically provided for in this code, shall consist of
valid research reports from approved sources.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section
18934.7. 1.2.3.2 Tests. Whenever there is insufficient evidence of
compliance with the provisions of this code, or evidence
Reference—Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part that a material or method does not conform to the require-
2.5, commencing with Section 18901. ments of this code, or in order to substantiate claims for
1.2.1.1 State building. For purposes of this code, a “state alternative materials or methods, the building official
building” is a structure for which a state agency or state shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of

6 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

compliance to be made at no expense to the jurisdiction. 1.8.2.1.1 Housing construction.

Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other Application—Hotels, motels, lodging houses, apart-
recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized ments, dwellings, dormitories, condominiums, shelters
and accepted test methods, the building official shall for homeless persons, congregate residences, employee
approve the testing procedures. Tests shall be performed housing, factory-built housing and other types of dwell-
by an approved agency. Reports of such tests shall be ings containing sleeping accommodations with or with-
retained by the building official for the period required for out common toilet or cooking facilities including
retention of public records. accessory buildings, facilities and uses thereto. Sections
of this code which pertain to applications listed in this
section are identified using the abbreviation “HCD 1."
SECTION 1.3
BOARD OF STATE AND COMMUNITY Enforcing agency—Local building department or the
CORRECTIONS Department of Housing and Community Development.
Reserved Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections
17040, 17050, 17920.9, 17921, 17921.3, 17921.6,
17921.10, 17922, 17922.6, 17922.12, 17927, 17928,
SECTION 1.4 17959.6, 18300, 18552, 18554, 18620, 18630, 18640,
DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS 18670, 18690, 18691, 18865, 18871.3, 18871.4, 18873,
Reserved 18873.1, 18873.2, 18873.3, 18873.4, 18873.5, 18938.3,
18944.11 and 19990; and Government Code Section
12955.1.
SECTION 1.5
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
Reserved through 17062.5, 17910 through 17995.5, 18200
through 18700, 18860 through 18874, and Sections
19960 through 19997; and Government Code Sections
SECTION 1.6 12955.1 and 12955.1.1.
DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1.8.2.1.2 Housing accessibility.
Reserved Application—Covered multifamily dwellings as
defined in Chapter 2 of the California Building Code,
including but not limited to, lodging houses, dormito-
SECTION 1.7
ries, timeshares, condominiums, shelters for homeless
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
persons, congregate residences, apartments, dwellings,
Reserved
employee housing, factory-built housing and other
types of dwellings containing sleeping accommodations
SECTION 1.8 with or without common toilet or cooking facilities.
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING Sections of this code identified by the abbreviation
AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT “HCD 1-AC” require specific accommodations for
1.8.1 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the persons with disabilities as defined in Chapter 2 of the
minimum requirements necessary to protect the health, safety California Building Code. The application of such pro-
and general welfare of the occupants and the public by gov- visions shall be in conjunction with other requirements
erning accessibility, erection, construction, reconstruction, of the California Building Code, and apply only to
enlargement, conversion, alteration, repair, moving, newly constructed covered multifamily dwellings as
removal, demolition, occupancy, use, height, court, area, defined in Chapter 2 of the California Building Code.
sanitation, ventilation, maintenance and safety to life and “HCD 1-AC” applications include, but are not limited
property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built to, the following:
environment. 1. All newly constructed covered multifamily dwell-
ings as defined in Chapter 2 of the California
Building Code.
SECTION 1.8.2
2. New common use areas as defined in Chapter 2
AUTHORITY AND ABBREVIATIONS
of the California Building Code, serving existing
1.8.2.1 General. The Department of Housing and Community covered multifamily dwellings.
Development is authorized by law to promulgate and adopt
building standards and regulations for several types of build- 3. Additions to existing buildings, where the addi-
ing applications. The applications under the authority of the tion alone meets the definition of covered multi-
Department of Housing and Community Development are family dwellings as defined in Chapter 2 of the
listed in Sections 1.8.2.1.1 through 1.8.2.1.3. California Building Code.
Note: See the California Residential Code for detached 4. New common use areas serving new covered
one-and two-family dwellings and townhouses. multifamily dwellings.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 7

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

5. Where any portion of a building’s exterior is pre- through 19997; and Government Code Sections
served, but the interior of the building is 12955.1 and 12955.1.1.
removed, including all structural portions of
floors and ceilings, the building is considered a
new building for determining the application of SECTION 1.8.3
Chapter 11A of the California Building Code. LOCAL ENFORCING AGENCY
“HCD 1-AC” building standards generally do not 1.8.3.1 Duties and powers. The building department of every
apply to public use areas or public accommodations city, county, or city and county shall enforce all the provi-
such as hotels and motels, and public housing. Public sions of law, this code, and the other rules and regulations
use areas, public accommodations, and public housing, promulgated by the Department of Housing and Community
as defined in Chapter 2 the California Building Code, Development pertaining to the installation, erection, con-
are subject to the Division of the State Architect (DSA- struction, reconstruction, movement, enlargement, conver-
AC) in Chapter 11B of the California Building Code, sion, alteration, repair, removal, demolition or arrangement
and are referenced in Section 1.9.1. of apartments, condominiums, hotels, motels, lodging houses
and dwellings, including accessory buildings, facilities and
Enforcing agency—Local building department or the
uses thereto.
Department of Housing and Community Development.
For additional information regarding the use and occu-
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections
pancy of existing buildings and appurtenant structures, see
17040, 17050, 17920.9, 17921, 17921.3, 17921.6,
California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter
17921.10, 17922, 17922.6, 17922.12, 17927, 17928,
1, Subchapter 1, commencing with Article 1, Section 1.
17959.6, 18300, 18552, 18554, 18620, 18630, 18640,
18670, 18690, 18691, 18865, 18871.3, 18871.4, 18873, 1.8.3.2 Laws, rules and regulations. Other than the building
18873.1, 18873.2, 18873.3, 18873.4, 18873.5, 18938.3, standards contained in this code, and notwithstanding other
18944.11 and 19990; and Government Code Section provisions of law, the statutory authority and location of the
12955.1. laws, rules and regulations to be enforced by local enforcing
agencies are listed by statute in Sections 1.8.3.2.1 through
Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
1.8.3.2.5 below:
through 17062.5, 17910 through 17995.5, 18200
through 18700, 18860 through 18874, and 19960 1.8.3.2.1 State Housing Law. Refer to the State Housing
through 19997; and Government Code Sections Law, California Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part
12955.1 and 12955.1.1. 1.5, commencing with Section 17910 and California Code
1.8.2.1.3 Permanent buildings in mobilehome parks and of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchap-
special occupancy parks ter 1, commencing with Section 1, for the erection, con-
struction, reconstruction, movement, enlargement,
Application—Permanent buildings, and permanent conversion, alteration, repair, removal, demolition or
accessory buildings or structures, constructed within arrangement of apartments, condominiums, hotels, motels,
mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks that lodging houses and dwellings, including accessory build-
are under the control and ownership of the park opera- ings, facilities and uses thereto.
tor. Sections of this code which pertain to applications
listed in this section are identified using the abbrevia- 1.8.3.2.2 Mobilehome Parks Act. Refer to the Mobile-
tion “HCD 2.” home Parks Act, California Health and Safety Code, Divi-
sion 13, Part 2.1, commencing with Section 18200 and
Enforcing agency—The Department of Housing and California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1,
Community Development, local building department or Chapter 2, commencing with Section 1000 for mobilehome
other local agency that has assumed responsibility for park administrative and enforcement authority, permits,
the enforcement of Health and Safety Code, Division plans, fees, violations, inspections and penalties both
13, Part 2.1, commencing with Section 18200 for within and outside mobilehome parks.
mobilehome parks and Health and Safety Code, Divi-
sion 13, Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 for Exception: Mobilehome parks where the Department
special occupancy parks. of Housing and Community Development is the enforc-
ing agency.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections
1.8.3.2.3 Special Occupancy Parks Act. Refer to the Spe-
17040, 17050, 17920.9, 17921, 17921.3, 17921.6,
cial Occupancy Parks Act, California Health and Safety
17821.10, 17922, 17922.6, 17922.12, 17927, 17928,
Code, Division 13, Part 2.3, commencing with Section
17959.6, 18300, 18552, 18554, 18620, 18630, 18640,
18860 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Divi-
18670, 18690, 18691, 18865, 18871.3, 18871.4, 18873,
sion 1, Chapter 2.2, commencing with Section 2000 for
18873.1, 18873.2, 18873.3, 18873.4, 18873.5, 18938.3,
special occupancy park administrative and enforcement
18944.11 and 19990; and Government Code Section
authority, permits, fees, violations, inspections and penal-
12955.1.
ties both within and outside of special occupancy parks.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
Exception: Special occupancy parks where the Depart-
through 17062.5, 17910 through 17995.5, 18200
ment of Housing and Community Development is the
through 18700, 18860 through 18874, and 19960
enforcing agency.

8 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.8.3.2.4 Employee Housing Act. Refer to the Employee of the building, for which the department issued a building
Housing Act, California Health and Safety Code, Division permit.
13, Part 1, commencing with Section 17000 and Califor- Exceptions:
nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1,
Subchapter 3, commencing with Section 600 for employee 1. Single or multiple dwellings not more than two
housing administrative and enforcement authority, per- stories and basement in height.
mits, fees, violations, inspections and penalties. 2. Garages and other structures appurtenant to
1.8.3.2.5 Factory-Built Housing Law. Refer to the Fac- buildings listed in Exception 1.
tory-Built Housing Law, California Health and Safety 3. Farm or ranch buildings appurtenant to build-
Code, Division 13, Part 6, commencing with Section ings listed in Exception 1.
19960 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Divi-
4. Any one-story building where the span between
sion 1, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1, commencing with Section
bearing walls does not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm),
3000 for factory-built housing administrative and enforce-
except a steel frame or concrete building.
ment authority, permits, fees, violations, inspections and
penalties. All plans for common interest developments as defined
in Section 4100 of the California Civil Code shall be
retained. For additional information regarding plan
SECTION 1.8.4 retention and reproduction of plans by an enforcing
PERMITS, FEES, APPLICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS agency, see Health and Safety Code Sections 19850
through 19852.
1.8.4.1 Permits. A written construction permit shall be
obtained from the enforcing agency prior to the erection, 1.8.4.4 Inspections. Construction or work for which a permit
construction, reconstruction, installation, moving or alter- is required shall be subject to inspection by the building offi-
ation of any building or structure. cial, and such construction or work shall remain accessible
and exposed for inspection purposes until approved.
Exceptions:
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed
1. Work exempt from permits as specified in Chapter 1, to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code
Division II, Scope and Administration, Section or other regulations of the Department of Housing and Com-
105.2. munity Development. Required inspections are listed in
2. Changes, alterations or repairs of a minor nature Chapter 1, Division II, Scope and Administration, Sections
not affecting structural features, egress, sanitation, 109.3.1 through 109.3.9.
safety or accessibility as determined by the enforc-
ing agency.
SECTION 1.8.5
Exemptions from permit requirements shall not be deemed RIGHT OF ENTRY FOR ENFORCEMENT
to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner
in violation of other provisions of law or this code. 1.8.5.1 General. Subject to other provisions of law, officers
and agents of the enforcing agency may enter and inspect
1.8.4.2 Fees. Subject to other provisions of law, the govern- public and private properties to secure compliance with the
ing body of any city, county, or city and county may prescribe rules and regulations promulgated by the Department of
fees to defray the cost of enforcement of rules and regulations Housing and Community Development. For limitations and
promulgated by the Department of Housing and Community additional information regarding enforcement, see the fol-
Development. The amount of the fees shall not exceed the lowing:
amount reasonably necessary to administer or process per-
mits, certificates, forms or other documents, or to defray the 1. For applications subject to the State Housing Law as
costs of enforcement. For additional information, see the referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.1 of this code, refer to
State Housing Law, Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5, com-
Part 1.5, Section 17951 and California Code of Regulations, mencing with Section 17910 and California Code of
Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1, Article 3, com- Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchap-
mencing with Section 6. ter 1, commencing with Section 1.
1.8.4.3 Plan review and time limitations. Subject to other 2. For applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act
provisions of law, provisions related to plan checking, prohi- as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.2 of this code, refer to
bition of excessive delays and contracting with or employ- Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 2.1, com-
ment of private parties to perform plan checking are set forth mencing with Section 18200 and California Code of
in the State Housing Law, Health and Safety Code Section Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2, commenc-
17960.1, and for employee housing, in Health and Safety ing with Section 1000.
Code Section 17021. 3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy
1.8.4.3.1 Retention of plans. The building department of Parks Act as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.3 of this
every city, county, or city and county shall maintain an code, refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
official copy, microfilm, electronic or other type of photo- Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 and Califor-
graphic copy of the plans of every building, during the life nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter
2.2, commencing with Section 2000.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 9

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act SECTION 1.8.7

as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.4 of this code, refer to ALTERNATE MATERIALS, DESIGNS,
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1, commenc- TESTS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
ing with Section 17000 and California Code of Regula- 1.8.7.1 General. The provisions of this code, as adopted by
tions, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3, the Department of Housing and Community Development are
commencing with Section 600. not intended to prevent the use of any alternate material,
5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing appliance, installation, device, arrangement, design or
Law as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.5 of this code, method of construction not specifically prescribed by this
refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 6, code. Consideration and approval of alternates shall comply
commencing with Section 19960 and California Code with Section 1.8.7.2 for local building departments and Sec-
of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Sub- tion 1.8.7.3 for the Department of Housing and Community
chapter 1, commencing with Section 3000. Development.
1.8.7.2 Local building departments. The building department
of any city, county, or city and county may approve alternates
SECTION 1.8.6 for use in the erection, construction, reconstruction, move-
LOCAL MODIFICATION BY ment, enlargement, conversion, alteration, repair, removal,
ORDINANCE OR REGULATION demolition or arrangement of apartments, condominiums,
1.8.6.1 General. Subject to other provisions of law, a city, hotels, motels, lodging houses, dwellings, or accessory struc-
county, or city and county may make changes to the provi- tures, except for the following:
sions adopted by the Department of Housing and Commu- 1. Structures located in mobilehome parks as defined in
nity Development. If any city, county, or city and county California Health and Safety Code Section 18214.
does not amend, add or repeal by local ordinances or regu-
lations the provisions published in this code or other regu- 2. Structures located in special occupancy parks as
lations promulgated by the Department of Housing and defined in California Health and Safety Code Section
Community Development, those provisions shall be applica- 18862.43.
ble and shall become effective 180 days after publication by 3. Factory-built housing as defined in California Health
the California Building Standards Commission. Amend- and Safety Code Section 19971.
ments, additions and deletions to this code adopted by a 1.8.7.2.1 Approval of alternates. The consideration and
city, county, or city and county pursuant to California approval of alternates by a local building department
Health and Safety Code Sections 17958.5, 17958.7 and shall comply with the following procedures and limita-
18941.5, together with all applicable portions of this code, tions:
shall also become effective 180 days after publication of the
California Building Standards Code by the California 1. The approval shall be granted on a case-by-case
Building Standards Commission. basis.
1.8.6.2 Findings, filings and rejections of local modifica- 2. Evidence shall be submitted to substantiate claims
tions. Prior to making any modifications or establishing more that the proposed alternate, in performance, safety
restrictive building standards, the governing body shall make and protection of life and health, conforms to, or is
express findings and filings, as required by California Health at least equivalent to, the standards contained in this
and Safety Code Section 17958.7, showing that such modifi- code and other rules and regulations promulgated
cations are reasonably necessary due to local climatic, geo- by the Department of Housing and Community
logical or topographical conditions. No modification shall Development.
become effective or operative unless the following require- 3. The local building department may require tests
ments are met: performed by an approved testing agency at the
1. The express findings shall be made available as a pub- expense of the owner or owner’s agent as proof of
lic record. compliance.
2. A copy of the modification and express finding, each 4. If the proposed alternate is related to accessibility in
document marked to cross-reference the other, shall be covered multifamily dwellings or in facilities serving
filed with the California Building Standards Commis- covered multifamily dwellings as defined in Chapter
sion for a city, county, or city and county and with the 2 of the California Building Code, the proposed
Department of Housing and Community Development alternate must also meet the threshold set for equiv-
for fire protection districts. alent facilitation as defined in Chapter 2 of the Cali-
fornia Building Code.
3. The California Building Standards Commission has not
rejected the modification or change. For additional information regarding approval of
alternates by a building department pursuant to the State
Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of fire pro-
Housing Law, see California Health and Safety Code Sec-
tection districts pursuant to California Health and Safety
tion 17951(e) and California Code of Regulations, Title
Code Section 13869.7(a).
25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1.

10 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.8.7.3 Department of Housing and Community Develop- the governing body of the city, county, or city and county
ment. The Department of Housing and Community Develop- having jurisdiction over the area.
ment may approve alternates for use in the erection, 1.8.8.3 Appeals. Except as otherwise provided in law, any
construction, reconstruction, movement, enlargement, con- person, firm or corporation adversely affected by a decision,
version, alteration, repair, removal or demolition of apart- order or determination by a city, county, or city and county
ments, condominiums, hotels, motels, lodging houses, relating to the application of building standards published in
dwellings or an accessory thereto and permanent buildings in the California Building Standards Code, or any other appli-
mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks. The consid- cable rule or regulation adopted by the Department of Hous-
eration and approval of alternates shall comply with the fol- ing and Community Development, or any lawfully enacted
lowing: ordinance by a city, county, or city and county, may appeal
1. The department may require tests at the expense of the the issue for resolution to the local appeals board or housing
owner or owner’s agent to substantiate compliance appeals board as appropriate.
with the California Building Standards Code. The local appeals board shall hear appeals relating to
2. The approved alternate shall, for its intended purpose, new building construction and the housing appeals board
be at least equivalent in performance and safety to the shall hear appeals relating to existing buildings.
materials, designs, tests or methods of construction
prescribed by this code.
SECTION 1.8.9
UNSAFE BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES
SECTION 1.8.8 1.8.9.1 Authority to enforce. Subject to other provisions of
APPEALS BOARD law, the administration, enforcement, actions, proceedings,
1.8.8.1 General. Every city, county, or city and county shall abatement, violations and penalties for unsafe buildings and
establish a process to hear and decide appeals of orders, structures are contained in the following statutes and regula-
decisions and determinations made by the enforcing agency tions:
relative to the application and interpretation of this code and 1. For applications subject to the State Housing Law as
other regulations governing construction, use, maintenance referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.1 of this code, refer to
and change of occupancy. The governing body of any city, Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5, com-
county, or city and county may establish a local appeals mencing with Section 17910 and California Code of
board and a housing appeals board to serve this purpose. Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchap-
Members of the appeals board(s) shall not be employees of ter 1, commencing with Section 1.
the enforcing agency and shall be knowledgeable in the
applicable building codes, regulations and ordinances as 2. For applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act
determined by the governing body of the city, county, or city as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.2 of this code, refer to
and county. Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 2.1, com-
mencing with Section 18200 and California Code of
Where no such appeals boards or agencies have been Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2, commenc-
established, the governing body of the city, county, or city ing with Section 1000.
and county shall serve as the local appeals board or housing
appeals board as specified in California Health and Safety 3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy
Code Sections 17920.5 and 17920.6. Parks Act as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.3 of this
code, refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
1.8.8.2 Definitions. The following terms shall for the pur- Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 and Califor-
poses of this section have the meaning shown. nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter
HOUSING APPEALS BOARD. The board or agency of a 2.2, commencing with Section 2000.
city, county, or city and county which is authorized by the 4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act
governing body of the city, county, or city and county to as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.4 of this code, refer to
hear appeals regarding the requirements of the city, Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1, commenc-
county, or city and county relating to the use, maintenance ing with Section 17000 and California Code of Regula-
and change of occupancy of buildings and structures, tions, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3,
including requirements governing alteration, additions, commencing with Section 600.
repair, demolition and moving. In any area in which there
is no such board or agency, “Housing appeals board” 5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing
means the local appeals board having jurisdiction over the Law as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.5 of this code,
area. refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 6,
commencing with Section 19960 and California Code
LOCAL APPEALS BOARD. The board or agency of a of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Sub-
city, county, or city and county which is authorized by the chapter 1, commencing with Section 3000.
governing body of the city, county, or city and county to
hear appeals regarding the building requirements of the 1.8.9.2 Actions and proceedings. Subject to other provisions
city, county, or city and county. In any area in which there of law, punishments, penalties and fines for violations of
is no such board or agency, “Local appeals board” means

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 11

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

building standards are contained in the following statutes SECTION 1.9

and regulations: DIVISION OF THE STATE ARCHITECT
1. For applications subject to the State Housing Law as 1.9.1 Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance.
referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.1 of this code, refer to Buildings or facilities where accessibility is required for
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5, com- applications listed in California Code of Regulations, Title
mencing with Section 17910 and California Code of 24, Part 2 (California Building Code), Chapter 1, Section
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchap- 1.9.1 regulated by the Division of the State Architect–Access
ter 1, commencing with Section 1. Compliance shall comply with Title 24, Part 2, Chapter 11A
2. For applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act or 11B, as applicable under authority cited by CA Govern-
as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.2 of this code, refer to ment Code Section 4450 and in reference cited by CA Gov-
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 2.1, com- ernment Code Sections 4450 through 4461, 12955.1(c), and
mencing with Section 18200 and California Code of CA Health and Safety Code Sections 18949.1, 19952 through
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2, commenc- 19959.
ing with Section 1000. 1.9.1.1 Adopting agency identification. Division of the
3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy State Architect-Access Compliance amendments in this
Parks Act as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.3 of this code appear preceded with the acronym [DSA-AC].
code, refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13, 1.9.2 Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety.
Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 and Califor-
nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1.9.2.1 DSA-SS Division of the State Architect-Struc-
2.2, commencing with Section 2000. tural Safety.
4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act Application-Public elementary and secondary schools,
as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.4 of this code, refer to community colleges and state-owned or state-leased
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1, commenc- essential services buildings.
ing with Section 17000 and California Code of Regula- Enforcing agency-The Division of the State Archi-
tions, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3, tect—Structural Safety [DSA-SS] has been delegated
commencing with Section 600. the responsibility and authority by the Department of
5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing General Services to review and approve the design and
Law as referenced in Section 1.8.3.2.5 of this code, observe the construction of public elementary and sec-
refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 6, ondary schools, community colleges and state-owned
commencing with Section 19960 and California Code or state-leased essential services buildings.
of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Sub- Authority cited-Education Code Section 17310 and
chapter 1, commencing with Section 3000. 81142 and Health and Safety Code Section 16022.
Reference-Education Code Sections 17280 through
17317, and 81130 through 81147 and Health and
SECTION 1.8.10
Safety Code Sections 16000 through 16023.
OTHER BUILDING REGULATIONS
1.9.2.1.1 Applicable administrative standards.
1.8.10.1 Existing structures. Notwithstanding other provi-
sions of law, the replacement, retention, and extension of 1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations:
original materials and the use of original methods of con- 1.1. Sections 4-301 through 4-355, Group 1,
struction for any existing building or accessory structure, or Chapter 4, for public elementary and sec-
portions thereof, shall be permitted in accordance with the ondary schools and community colleges.
provisions of this code as adopted by the Department of
Housing and Community Development. For additional infor- 1.2. Sections 4-201 through 4-249, Chapter 4,
mation, see California Health and Safety Code, Sections for state-owned or state-leased essential
17912, 17920.3, 17922 and 17958.8. services buildings.
1.8.10.2 Moved structures. Subject to the requirements of 2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations:
California Health and Safety Code Sections 17922, 17922.3 [applies to public elementary and secondary
and 17958.9, local ordinances or regulations relating to a schools, community colleges and state-owned or
moved residential building or accessory structure thereto, state-leased essential services building(s)]:
shall permit the replacement, retention, and extension of 2.1. Sections 1.1 and 1.9.2.1 of Chapter 1, Divi-
original materials and the use of original methods of con- sion I.
struction so long as the structure does not become or con- 2.2. Sections 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5,
tinue to be a substandard building. 104.9, 104.10, 104.11, and 106.1 of Chap-
Authority cited-Education Code Section 81053. ter 1, Division II.
Reference-Education Code Sections 81052, 81053, and
81130 through 81147.

12 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.9.2.1.2 Applicable building standards. California The provisions of Title 24, Part 10, as adopted and
Building Standards Code, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, amended by the Division of the State Architect—Struc-
10, 11 and 12, California Code of Regulations, for tural Safety/Community Colleges [DSA-SS/CC], shall
school buildings, community colleges and state-owned apply to the applications listed in Section 1.9.2.2.
or state-leased essential service buildings. The Division of the State Architect-Structural
The provisions of Title 24, Part 10, as adopted and Safety/Community Colleges [DSA-SS/CC] adopts the
amended by the Division of the State Architect—Struc- following building standards in Title 24, Part 10:
tural Safety [DSA-SS], shall apply to the applications Chapters 1, 3 and 4.
listed in Section 1.9.2.1.
1.9.2.2.3 Amendments. Division of the State Archi-
The Division of the State Architect—Structural tect—Structural Safety/Community Colleges amend-
Safety [DSA-SS] adopts the following building stan- ments in this code appear preceded with the acronym
dards in Title 24, Part 10: [DSA-SS/CC].
Chapters 1, 3 and 4. Exceptions:
1.9.2.1.3 Amendments. Division of the State Archi- 1. Chapter 3, Sections 317-323—DSA-SS/CC
tect—Structural Safety amendments in this code adopts these sections without the use of the
appear preceded with the acronym [DSA-SS]. DSA-SS/CC acronym.
Exceptions:
1. Chapter 3, Sections 317-323-DSA-SS adopts
SECTION 1.10
these sections without the use of the DSA-SS
OFFICE OF STATEWIDE HEALTH
acronym.
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
1.9.2.2 DSA-SS/CC Division of the State Architect-
Structural Safety/Community Colleges.
Application-Community Colleges. The Division of the SECTION 1.11
State Architect has been delegated the authority by the OFFICE OF THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL
Department of General Services to promulgate alter- 1.11.1 SFM—Office of the State Fire Marshal. Specific
nate building standards for application to community scope of application of the agency responsible for enforce-
colleges, which a community college may elect to use in ment, the enforcement agency and the specific authority to
lieu of standards promulgated by DSA-SS in accor- adopt and enforce such provisions of this code, unless other-
dance with Section 1.9.2.1. wise stated.
Enforcing agency-Division of the State Architect- Application:
Structural Safety/Community Colleges [DSA-SS/CC].
Institutional, educational or any similar occupancy. Any
The Division of the State Architect has been dele- building or structure used or intended for use as an asylum,
gated the authority by the Department of General Ser- jail, mental hospital, hospital, sanitarium, home for the aged,
vices to review and approve the design and oversee children’s nursery, children’s home, school or any similar
construction of community colleges electing to use the occupancy of any capacity.
alternative building standards as provided in this sec-
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
tion.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Authority cited-Education Code Section 81053.
Assembly or similar place of assemblage. Any theater,
Reference-Education Code Sections 81052, 81053, and
dancehall, skating rink, auditorium, assembly hall, meeting
81130 through 81147.
hall, nightclub, fair building or similar place of assemblage
1.9.2.2.1 Applicable administrative standards. where 50 or more persons may gather together in a building,
1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations: room or structure for the purpose of amusement, entertain-
ment, instruction, deliberation, worship, drinking or dining,
1.1. Sections 4-301 through 4-355, Group 1, awaiting transportation, or education.
Chapter 4.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations:
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
2.1. Sections 1.1 and 1.9.2.2 of Chapter 1, Divi-
sion I. Small family day-care homes.
2.2. Sections 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5, Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections
104.9, 104.10, 104.11, and 106.1 of Chap- 1597.45, 1597.54, 13143 and 17921.
ter 1, Division II. Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
1.9.2.2.2 Applicable building standards. California Large family day-care homes.
Building Standards Code, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9,
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections
10, 11 and 12, California Code of Regulations.
1597.46, 1597.54 and 17921.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 13

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. Hazardous materials.

Residential facilities and residential facilities for the elderly. Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13133. 13143.9.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied Flammable and combustible liquids.
building. Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13108. 13143.6.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
High-rise structures. Public school automatic fire detection, alarm and sprinkler
systems.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13211.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. and California Education Code Article 7.5, Sections
Motion picture production studios. 17074.50, 17074.52 and 17074.54.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section Reference—Government Code Section 11152.5, Health
13143.1. and Safety Code Section 13143 and California Education
Code Chapter 12.5, Leroy F. Greene School Facilities Act
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
of 1998, Article 1.
Organized camps.
Wildland-Urban interface fire area.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143,
18897.3.
13108.5(a) and 18949.2(b) and (c) and Government Code
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. Section 51189.
Residential. All hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143, Gov-
houses and dwellings, including congregate residences and ernment Code Sections 51176, 51177, 51178 and 51179
buildings and structures accessory thereto. Multiple-story and Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204.
structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for human habita-
1.11.2 Duties and powers of the enforcing agency.
tion, including and limited to, hotels, motels and apartment
houses, less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest floor 1.11.2.1 Enforcement.
level having building access, wherein rooms used for sleep- 1.11.2.1.1 The responsibility for enforcement of build-
ing are let above the ground floor. ing standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal and
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections published in the California Building Standards Code
13143.2 and 17921. relating to fire and panic safety and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal shall except as provided in
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Section 1.11.2.1.2 be as follows:
Residential care facilities. Certified family care homes, out-
1. The city, county, or city and county with jurisdic-
of-home placement facilities, halfway houses, drug and/or
tion in the area affected by the standard or regu-
alcohol rehabilitation facilities and any building or structure
lation shall delegate the enforcement of the
used or intended for use as a home or institution for the hous-
building standards relating to fire and panic
ing of any person of any age when such person is referred to
safety and other regulations of the State Fire
or placed within such home or institution for protective social
Marshal as they relate to Group R-3 occupan-
care and supervision services by any governmental agency.
cies, as described in Section 1.1.3.1 or SFM Part
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 2 California Building Code, Section 310.1, to
13143.6. either of the following:
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. 1.1. The chief of the fire authority of the city,
Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in connec- county or city and county, or an authorized
tion with any occupancy. representative.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13116. 1.2. The chief building official of the city,
county or city and county, or an authorized
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. representative.
Fire alarm devices, equipment and systems in connection 2. The chief of any city or county fire department or
with any occupancy. of any fire protection district, and authorized
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13114. representatives, shall enforce within the jurisdic-
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143. tion the building standards and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal, except those described
in Item 1 or 4.

14 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

3. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to the issue with the appropriate local enforcing agency
enforce the building standards and other regula- prior to rendering such code interpretation.
tions of the State Fire Marshal in areas outside of 1.11.2.1.3 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
corporate cities and districts providing fire pro- 13112, any person who violates any order, rule or reg-
tection services. ulation of the State Fire Marshal is guilty of a misde-
4. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to meanor punishable by a fine of not less than $100.00 or
enforce the building standards and other regula- more than $500.00, or by imprisonment for not less
tions of the State Fire Marshal in corporate cities than six months, or by both. A person is guilty of a sep-
and districts providing fire protection services on arate offense each day during which he or she commits,
request of the chief fire official or the governing continues or permits a violation of any provision of, or
body. any order, rule or regulation of, the State Fire Marshal
5. Any fee charged pursuant to the enforcement as contained in this code.
authority of this section shall not exceed the esti- Any inspection authority who, in the exercise of his
mated reasonable cost of providing the service or her authority as a deputy State Fire Marshal, causes
for which the fee is charged pursuant to Section any legal complaints to be filed or any arrest to be
66014 of the Government Code. made shall notify the State Fire Marshal immediately
1.11.2.1.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section following such action.
13108, and except as otherwise provided in this sec- 1.11.2.2 Right of entry. The fire chief of any city, county
tion, building standards adopted by the State Fire Mar- or fire protection district, or such person’s authorized rep-
shal published in the California Building Standards resentative, may enter any state institution or any other
Code relating to fire and panic safety shall be enforced state-owned or state-occupied building for the purpose of
by the State Fire Marshal in all state-owned buildings, preparing a fire suppression preplanning program or for
state-occupied buildings and state institutions through- the purpose of investigating any fire in a state-occupied
out the state. Upon the written request of the chief fire building.
official of any city, county, or fire protection district, The State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried
the State Fire Marshal may authorize such chief fire assistants, the chief of any city or county fire department
official and his or her authorized representatives, in or fire protection district and his or her authorized repre-
their geographical area of responsibility, to make fire sentatives may enter any building or premises not used for
prevention inspections of state-owned or state-occu- dwelling purposes at any reasonable hour for the purpose
pied buildings, other than state institutions, for the pur- of enforcing this chapter. The owner, lessee, manager or
pose of enforcing the regulations relating to fire and operator of any such building or premises shall permit the
panic safety adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursu- State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried assis-
ant to this section and building standards relating to tants and the chief of any city or county fire department or
fire and panic safety published in the California Build- fire protection district and his or her authorized represen-
ing Standards Code. Authorization from the State Fire tatives to enter and inspect them at the time and for the
Marshal shall be limited to those fire departments or purpose stated in this section.
fire districts which maintain a fire prevention bureau
staffed by paid personnel. 1.11.2.3 More restrictive fire and panic safety building
standards.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13108,
any requirement or order made by any chief fire official 1.11.2.3.1 Any fire protection district organized pursu-
who is authorized by the State Fire Marshal to make ant to Health and Safety Code Part 2.7 (commencing
fire prevention inspections of state-owned or state- with Section 13800) of Division 12 may adopt building
occupied buildings, other than state institutions, may standards relating to fire and panic safety that are
be appealed to the State Fire Marshal. The State Fire more stringent than those building standards adopted
Marshal shall, upon receiving an appeal and subject to by the State Fire Marshal and contained in the Califor-
the provisions of Chapter 5 (commencing with Section nia Building Standards Code. For these purposes, the
18945) of Part 2.5 of Division 13 of the Health and district board shall be deemed a legislative body and
Safety Code, determine if the requirement or order the district shall be deemed a local agency. Any
made is reasonably consistent with the fire and panic changes or modifications that are more stringent than
safety regulations adopted by the State Fire Marshal the requirements published in the California Building
and building standards relating to fire and panic safety Standards Code relating to fire and panic safety shall
published in the California Existing Building Code. be subject to Section 1.1.8.1.
Any person may request a code interpretation from 1.11.2.3.2 Any fire protection district that proposes to
the State Fire Marshal relative to the intent of any reg- adopt an ordinance pursuant to this section shall, not
ulation or provision adopted by the State Fire Marshal. less than 30 days prior to noticing a proposed ordi-
When the request relates to a specific project, occu- nance for public hearing, provide a copy of that ordi-
pancy or building, the State Fire Marshal shall review nance, together with the adopted findings made
pursuant to Section 1.11.2.3.1, to the city, county, or
city and county where the ordinance will apply. The

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 15

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

city, county, or city and county may provide the district durability and safety, and shall transmit such findings and
with written comments, which shall become part of the any recommendations to the applicant and to the enforc-
fire protection district’s public hearing record. ing agency.
1.11.2.3.3 The fire protection district shall transmit the 1.11.3 Construction documents.
adopted ordinance to the city, county, or city and 1.11.3.1 Public schools. Plans and specifications for the
county where the ordinance will apply. The legislative construction, alteration or addition to any building owned,
body of the city, county, or city and county may ratify, leased or rented by any public school district shall be sub-
modify or deny an adopted ordinance and transmit its mitted to the Division of the State Architect.
determination to the district within 15 days of the deter-
mination. Any modification or denial of an adopted 1.11.3.2 Movable walls and partitions. Plans or diagrams
ordinance shall include a written statement describing shall be submitted to the enforcing agency for approval
the reasons for any modifications or denial. No ordi- before the installation of, or rearrangement of, any mov-
nance adopted by the district shall be effective until rat- able wall or partition in any occupancy. Approval shall be
ification by the city, county, or city and county where granted only if there is no increase in the fire hazard.
the ordinance will apply. Upon ratification of an 1.11.3.3 New construction high-rise buildings.
adopted ordinance, the city, county, or city and county
1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
shall file a copy of the findings of the district, and any
prepared covering all work required to comply with
findings of the city, county, or city and county, together
new construction high-rise buildings. Such plans
with the adopted ordinance expressly marked and iden-
and specifications shall be submitted to the enforc-
tified to which each finding refers, in accordance with
ing agency having jurisdiction.
Section 1.1.8.1(3).
1.11.2.4 Request for alternate means of protection. 2. All plans and specifications shall be prepared under
Requests for approval to use an alternative material, the responsible charge of an architect or a civil or
assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction, structural engineer authorized by law to develop
method of installation of equipment or means of protection construction plans and specifications, or by both
shall be made in writing to the enforcing agency by the such architect and engineer. Plans and specifica-
owner or the owner’s authorized representative and shall tions shall be prepared by an engineer duly quali-
be accompanied by a full statement of the conditions. Suf- fied in that branch of engineering necessary to
ficient evidence or proof shall be submitted to substantiate perform such services. Administration of the work of
any claim that may be made regarding its conformance. construction shall be under the charge of the
The enforcing agency may require tests and the submis- responsible architect or engineer except that where
sion of a test report from an approved testing organization plans and specifications involve alterations or
as set forth in Title 19, California Code of Regulation, to repairs, such work of construction may be adminis-
substantiate the equivalency of the proposed alternative tered by an engineer duly qualified to perform such
means of protection. services and holding a valid certificate under Chap-
ter 7 (commencing with Section 65700) of Division 3
When a request for alternate means of protection of the Business and Professions Code for perfor-
involves hazardous materials, the authority having juris- mance of services in that branch of engineering in
diction may consider implementation of the findings and which said plans, specifications and estimates and
recommendations identified in a Risk Management Plan work of construction are applicable.
(RMP) developed in accordance with Title 19, Division 2,
This section shall not be construed as preventing the
Chapter 4.5, Article 3.
design of fire-extinguishing systems by persons holding a
Approval of a request for use of an alternative mate- C-16 license issued pursuant to Division 3, Chapter 9,
rial, assembly of materials, equipment, method of con- Business and Professions Code. In such instances, how-
struction, method of installation of equipment or means of ever, the responsibility charge of this section shall prevail.
protection made pursuant to these provisions shall be lim-
1.11.3.4 Existing high-rise buildings.
ited to the particular case covered by request and shall not
be construed as establishing any precedent for any future 1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
request. prepared covering all work required by California
Building Code Section 312 for existing high-rise
1.11.2.5 Appeals. When a request for an alternate means
buildings. Such plans or specifications shall be sub-
of protection has been denied by the enforcing agency, the
mitted to the enforcing agency having jurisdiction.
applicant may file a written appeal to the State Fire Mar-
shal for consideration of the applicant’s proposal. In con- 2. When new construction is required to conform with
sidering such appeal, the State Fire Marshal may seek the the provisions of these regulations, complete plans
advice of the State Board of Fire Services. The State Fire or specifications, or both, shall be prepared in
Marshal shall, after considering all of the facts presented, accordance with the provisions of this subsection.
including any recommendations of the State Board of Fire As used in this section, “new construction” is not
Services, determine if the proposal is for the purposes intended to include repairs, replacements or minor
intended, at least equivalent to that specified in these reg- alterations which do not disrupt or appreciably add
ulations in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, to or affect the structural aspects of the building.

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 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.11.3.5 Retention of plans. Refer to Building Standards equal to, but not exceeding, the actual cost of the prein-
Law, Health and Safety Code Sections 19850 and 19851 spection services may be charged for a preinspection of a
for permanent retention of plans. facility with a capacity to serve 26 or more clients.
1.11.4 Fees. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13131.5, a
1.11.4.1 Other fees. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code reasonable final inspection fee, not to exceed the actual
Section 13146.2, a city, county or district which inspects a cost of inspection services necessary to complete a final
hotel, motel, lodging house or apartment house may inspection may be charged for occupancies classified as
charge and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFE).
of the structure in an amount, as determined by the city, Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 1569.84,
county or district, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspec- neither the State Fire Marshal nor any local public entity
tion. shall charge any fee for enforcing fire inspection regula-
1.11.4.2 Large family day-care. Pursuant to Health and tions pursuant to state law or regulation or local ordi-
Safety Code Section 1597.46, Large Family Day-Care nance, with respect to residential care facilities for the
Homes, the local government shall process any required elderly (RCFE) which service six or fewer persons.
permit as economically as possible, and fees charged for 1.11.4.6 Requests of the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
review shall not exceed the costs of the review and permit Whenever a local authority having jurisdiction requests
process. that the State Fire Marshal perform plan review and/or
1.11.4.3 High-rise. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code inspection services related to a building permit, the appli-
Section 13217, High-rise Structure Inspection: Fees and cable fees for such shall be payable to the Office of the
costs, a local agency which inspects a high-rise structure State Fire Marshal.
pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13217 may 1.11.5 Inspections. Work performed subject to the provisions
charge and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of of this code shall comply with the inspection requirements of
the high-rise structure in an amount, as determined by the Sections 109.1, 109.3, 109.3.4, 109.3.5, 109.3.6, 109.3.7,
local agency, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection. 109.3.8, 109.3.9, 109.5 and 109.6 as adopted by the Office of
1.11.4.4 Fire clearance preinspection. Pursuant to Health the State Fire Marshal.
and Safety Code Section 13235, Fire Clearance Prein- 1.11.5.1 Existing Group I-1 or R occupancies. Licensed
spection, fee, upon receipt of a request from a prospective 24-hour care in a Group I-1 or R occupancy in existence
licensee of a community care facility, as defined in Section and originally classified under previously adopted state
1502, of a residential care facility for the elderly, as codes shall be reinspected under the appropriate previous
defined in Section 1569.2, or of a child day-care facility, code, provided there is no change in the use or character
as defined in Section 1596.750, the local fire enforcing which would place the facility in a different occupancy
agency, as defined in Section 13244, or State Fire Mar- group.
shal, whichever has primary jurisdiction, shall conduct a 1.11.6 Certificate of Occupancy. A Certificate of Occupancy
preinspection of the facility prior to the final fire clear- shall be issued as specified in Section 110.
ance approval. At the time of the preinspection, the pri-
mary fire enforcing agency shall price consultation and Exception: Group R, Division 3 and Group U occupan-
interpretation of the fire safety regulations and shall notify cies.
the prospective licensee of the facility in writing of the 1.11.7 Temporary structures and uses. See Section 107.
specific fire safety regulations which shall be enforced in
1.11.8 Service utilities. See Section 111.
order to obtain fire clearance approval. A fee equal to, but
not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection services 1.11.9 Stop work order. See Section 114.
may be charged for the preinspection of a facility with a 1.11.10 Unsafe buildings, structures and equipment. See
capacity to serve 25 or fewer persons. A fee equal to, but Section 115.
not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection services
may be charged for a preinspection of a facility with a
capacity to serve 26 or more persons. SECTION 1.12
1.11.4.5 Care facilities. The primary fire enforcing agency STATE LIBRARIAN
shall complete the final fire clearance inspection for a Reserved
community care facility, residential care facility for the
elderly, or child day-care facility within 30 days of receipt
of the request for the final inspection, or as of the date the SECTION 1.13
prospective facility requests the final prelicensure inspec- DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
tion by the State Department of Social Services, whichever Reserved
is later.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13235, a SECTION 1.14
preinspection fee equal to, but not exceeding, the actual CALIFORNIA STATE LANDS COMMISSION
cost of the preinspection services may be charged for a Reserved
facility with a capacity to serve 25 or less clients. A fee

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 17

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

DIVISION II

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

Note: Sections adopted or amended by state agencies are specifically indicated by an agency banner.

Division II is not adopted by the Department of Housing and Community Development

except where specifically indicated.

PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION [A] 101.7 Correction of violations of other codes. Repairs
or alterations mandated by any property, housing, or fire
safety maintenance code or mandated by any licensing rule or
SECTION 101 ordinance adopted pursuant to law shall conform only to the
GENERAL requirements of that code, rule, or ordinance and shall not be
[A] 101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the required to conform to this code unless the code requiring
Existing Building Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], herein- such repair or alteration so provides.
after referred to as “this code.”
[A] 101.2 Scope. The provisions of the California Existing SECTION 102
Building Code shall apply to the repair, alteration, change of APPLICABILITY
occupancy, addition to and relocation of existing buildings.
[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a gen-
[A] 101.3 Intent. The intent of this code is to provide flexi- eral requirement and a specific requirement, the specific
bility to permit the use of alternative approaches to achieve requirement shall be applicable. Where in any specific case
compliance with minimum requirements to safeguard the different sections of this code specify different materials,
public health, safety and welfare insofar as they are affected methods of construction or other requirements, the most
by the repair, alteration, change of occupancy, addition and restrictive shall govern.
relocation of existing buildings.
[A] 102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not
[A] 101.4 Applicability. This code shall apply to the repair, be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state, or federal
alteration, change of occupancy, addition and relocation of law.
existing buildings, regardless of occupancy, subject to the cri-
[A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter
teria of Sections 101.4.1 and 101.4.2.
or section numbers or to provisions not specifically identified
[A] 101.4.1 Buildings not previously occupied. A build- by number shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section,
ing or portion of a building that has not been previously or provision of this code.
occupied or used for its intended purpose in accordance
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and
with the laws in existence at the time of its completion
standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of
shall be permitted to comply with the provisions of the
the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each
laws in existence at the time of its original permit unless
such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1
such permit has expired. Subsequent permits shall comply
and 102.4.2.
with the California Building Code or California Residen-
tial Code, as applicable, for new construction. Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision would
violate the conditions of the listing of the equipment or
[A] 101.4.2 Buildings previously occupied. The legal
appliance, the conditions of the listing shall govern.
occupancy of any building existing on the date of adoption
of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, [A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between pro-
except as is specifically covered in this code, the Califor- visions of this code and referenced codes and standards,
nia Fire Code, or the International Property Maintenance the provisions of this code shall apply.
Code, or as is deemed necessary by the code official for [A] 102.4.2 Conflicting provisions. Where the extent of
the general safety and welfare of the occupants and the the reference to a referenced code or standard includes
public. subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the pro-
[A] 101.5 Safeguards during construction. Construction visions of this code as applicable, shall take precedence
work covered in this code, including any related demolition, over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 15. [A] 102.5 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or pro-
[A] 101.6 Appendices. The code official is authorized to vision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not
require rehabilitation and retrofit of buildings, structures or have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts
individual structural members in accordance with the appen- or provisions.
dices of this code if such appendices have been individually
adopted.

18 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT [A] 104.2.2.1 Building evaluation. The code official is
authorized to require an existing building to be investi-
gated and evaluated by a registered design professional
SECTION 103 based on the circumstances agreed upon at the prelimi-
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SAFETY nary meeting. The design professional shall notify the
[A] 103.1 Creation of enforcement agency. The Depart- code official if any potential nonconformance with the
ment of Building Safety is hereby created, and the official in provisions of this code is identified.
charge thereof shall be known as the code official. [A] 104.3 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue
[A] 103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this
by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction. code.
[A] 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed proce- [A] 104.4 Inspections. The code official shall make the
dures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the required inspections, or the code official shall have the
appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority authority to accept reports of inspection by approved agen-
to appoint a deputy code official, the related technical offi- cies or individuals. Reports of such inspections shall be in
cers, inspectors, plan examiners, and other employees. Such writing and be certified by a responsible officer of such
employees shall have powers as delegated by the code offi- approved agency or by the responsible individual. The code
cial. official is authorized to engage such expert opinion as
deemed necessary to report upon unusual technical issues that
arise, subject to the approval of the appointing authority.
SECTION 104 [A] 104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper
DUTIES AND POWERS OF CODE OFFICIAL identification when inspecting structures or premises in the
[A] 104.1 General. The code official is hereby authorized performance of duties under this code.
and directed to enforce the provisions of this code. The code [A] 104.6 Right of entry. Where it is necessary to make an
official shall have the authority to render interpretations of inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or where the
this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to code official has reasonable cause to believe that there exists
clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, in a structure or upon a premises a condition that is contrary
policies, and procedures shall be in compliance with the to or in violation of this code that makes the structure or
intent and purpose of this code. Such policies and procedures premises unsafe, dangerous, or hazardous, the code official is
shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically authorized to enter the structure or premises at reasonable
provided for in this code. times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed by this
[A] 104.2 Applications and permits. The code official shall code, provided that if such structure or premises be occupied
receive applications, review construction documents, and that credentials be presented to the occupant and entry
issue permits for the repair, alteration, addition, demolition, requested. If such structure or premises be unoccupied, the
change of occupancy, and relocation of buildings; inspect the code official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the
premises for which such permits have been issued; and owner, the owner’s authorized agent or other person having
enforce compliance with the provisions of this code. charge or control of the structure or premises and request
entry. If entry is refused, the code official shall have recourse
[A] 104.2.1 Determination of substantially improved or to the remedies provided by law to secure entry.
substantially damaged existing buildings and struc-
tures in flood hazard areas. For applications for recon- [A] 104.7 Department records. The code official shall keep
struction, rehabilitation, repair, alteration, addition or official records of applications received, permits and certifi-
other improvement of existing buildings or structures cates issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and
located in flood hazard areas, the building official shall notices and orders issued. Such records shall be retained in
determine where the proposed work constitutes substantial the official records for the period required for retention of
improvement or repair of substantial damage. Where the public records.
building official determines that the proposed work consti- [A] 104.8 Liability. The code official, member of the Board
tutes substantial improvement or repair of substantial dam- of Appeals, or employee charged with the enforcement of this
age, and where required by this code, the building official code, while acting for the jurisdiction in good faith and with-
shall require the building to meet the requirements of Sec- out malice in the discharge of the duties required by this code
tion 1612 of the California Building Code. or other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not thereby be ren-
[A] 104.2.2 Preliminary meeting. When requested by the dered civilly or criminally liable personally and is hereby
permit applicant or the code official, the code official shall relieved from personal liability for any damage accruing to
meet with the permit applicant prior to the application for persons or property as a result of any act or by reason of an
a construction permit to discuss plans for the proposed act or omission in the discharge of official duties.
work or change of occupancy in order to establish the spe- [A] 104.8.1 Legal defense. Any suit or criminal complaint
cific applicability of the provisions of this code. instituted against an officer or employee because of an act
Exception: Repairs and Level 1 alterations. performed by that officer or employee in the lawful dis-
charge of duties and under the provisions of this code shall
be defended by legal representatives of the jurisdiction

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 19

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

until the final termination of the proceedings. The code method of construction shall be approved where the code
official or any subordinate shall not be liable for cost in official finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and
any action, suit, or proceeding that is instituted in pursu- complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and
ance of the provisions of this code. that the material, method, or work offered is, for the purpose
[A] 104.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials, intended, not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this
equipment, and devices approved by the code official shall be code in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, dura-
constructed and installed in accordance with such approval. bility and safety. Where the alternative material, design or
method of construction is not approved, the code official shall
[A] 104.9.1 Used materials and equipment. The use of respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative was not
used materials that meet the requirements of this code for approved.
new materials is permitted. Used equipment and devices
shall be permitted to be reused subject to the approval of [A] 104.11.1 Research reports. Supporting data, where
the code official. necessary to assist in the approval of materials or assem-
blies not specifically provided for in this code, shall con-
[A] 104.10 Modifications. Wherever there are practical diffi- sist of valid research reports from approved sources.
culties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code,
the code official shall have the authority to grant modifica- [A] 104.11.2 Tests. Whenever there is insufficient evi-
tions for individual cases upon application of the owner or dence of compliance with the provisions of this code or
owner’s authorized representative, provided the code official evidence that a material or method does not conform to the
shall first find that special individual reason makes the strict requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate
letter of this code impractical, the modification is in compli- claims for alternative materials or methods, the code offi-
ance with the intent and purpose of this code and such modi- cial shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of
fication does not lessen health, accessibility, life and fire compliance to be made at no expense to the jurisdiction.
safety, or structural requirements. The details of action grant- Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other
ing modifications shall be recorded and entered in the files of recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized
the Department of Building Safety. and accepted test methods, the code official shall approve
the testing procedures. Tests shall be performed by an
[A] 104.10.1 Flood hazard areas. For existing buildings approved agency. Reports of such tests shall be retained
located in flood hazard areas for which repairs, alterations by the code official for the period required for retention.
and additions constitute substantial improvement, the code
official shall not grant modifications to provisions related
to flood resistance unless a determination is made that: SECTION 105
1. The applicant has presented good and sufficient PERMITS
cause that the unique characteristics of the size, con- [A] 105.1 Required. Any owner or owner’s authorized agent
figuration or topography of the site render compli- who intends to repair, add to, alter, relocate, demolish, or
ance with the flood-resistant construction provisions change the occupancy of a building or to repair, install, add,
inappropriate. alter, remove, convert, or replace any electrical, gas, mechan-
2. Failure to grant the modification would result in ical, or plumbing system, the installation of which is regu-
exceptional hardship. lated by this code, or to cause any such work to be performed,
shall first make application to the code official and obtain the
3. The granting of the modification will not result in required permit.
increased flood heights, additional threats to public
safety, extraordinary public expense nor create nui- [A] 105.1.1 Annual permit. Instead of an individual per-
sances, cause fraud on or victimization of the public mit for each alteration to an already approved electrical,
or conflict with existing laws or ordinances. gas, mechanical, or plumbing installation, the code official
is authorized to issue an annual permit upon application
4. The modification is the minimum necessary to therefor to any person, firm, or corporation regularly
afford relief, considering the flood hazard. employing one or more qualified trade persons in the
5. A written notice will be provided to the applicant building, structure, or on the premises owned or operated
specifying, if applicable, the difference between the by the applicant for the permit.
design flood elevation and the elevation to which the [A] 105.1.2 Annual permit records. The person to whom
building is to be built, stating that the cost of flood an annual permit is issued shall keep a detailed record of
insurance will be commensurate with the increased alterations made under such annual permit. The code offi-
risk resulting from the reduced floor elevation and cial shall have access to such records at all times, or such
that construction below the design flood elevation records shall be filed with the code official as designated.
increases risks to life and property.
[A] 105.2 Work exempt from permit. Exemptions from
[A] 104.11 Alternative materials, design and methods of permit requirements of this code shall not be deemed to grant
construction, and equipment. The provisions of this code authorization for any work to be done in any manner in viola-
are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or tion of the provisions of this code or any other laws or ordi-
to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifi- nances of this jurisdiction. Permits shall not be required for
cally prescribed by this code, provided that any such alterna- the following:
tive has been approved. An alternative material, design, or

20 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

Building: remove and replace the same with new material,

1. Sidewalks and driveways not more than 30 inches such work shall be considered as new work, and a
(762 mm) above grade and not over any basement or permit shall be obtained and inspection made as pro-
story below and that are not part of an accessible vided in this code.
route. 2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in
2. Painting, papering, tiling, carpeting, cabinets, pipes, valves, or fixtures, and the removal and rein-
counter tops, and similar finish work. stallation of water closets, provided such repairs do
not involve or require the replacement or rearrange-
3. Temporary motion picture, television, and theater ment of valves, pipes, or fixtures.
stage sets and scenery.
[A] 105.2.1 Emergency repairs. Where equipment
4. Shade cloth structures constructed for nursery or replacements and repairs must be performed in an emer-
agricultural purposes, and not including service sys- gency situation, the permit application shall be submitted
tems. within the next working business day to the code official.
5. Window awnings supported by an exterior wall of [A] 105.2.2 Repairs. Application or notice to the code
Group R-3 or Group U occupancies. official is not required for ordinary repairs to structures
6. Movable cases, counters, and partitions not over 69 and items listed in Section 105.2. Such repairs shall not
inches (1753 mm) in height. include the cutting away of any wall, partition, or portion
thereof, the removal or cutting of any structural beam or
Electrical:
load-bearing support, or the removal or change of any
Repairs and maintenance: Minor repair work, includ- required means of egress or rearrangement of parts of a
ing the replacement of lamps or the connection of structure affecting the egress requirements; nor shall ordi-
approved portable electrical equipment to approved nary repairs include addition to, alteration of, replacement,
permanently installed receptacles. or relocation of any standpipe, water supply, sewer, drain-
Radio and television transmitting stations: The pro- age, drain leader, gas, soil, waste, vent, or similar piping,
visions of this code shall not apply to electrical equip- electric wiring, or mechanical or other work affecting pub-
ment used for radio and television transmissions, but do lic health or general safety.
apply to equipment and wiring for power supply, the [A] 105.2.3 Public service agencies. A permit shall not be
installations of towers, and antennas. required for the installation, alteration, or repair of genera-
Temporary testing systems: A permit shall not be tion, transmission, distribution, or metering or other
required for the installation of any temporary system related equipment that is under the ownership and control
required for the testing or servicing of electrical equip- of public service agencies by established right.
ment or apparatus. [A] 105.3 Application for permit. To obtain a permit, the
Gas: applicant shall first file an application therefor in writing on a
form furnished by the Department of Building Safety for that
1. Portable heating appliance.
purpose. Such application shall:
2. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter
1. Identify and describe the work in accordance with
approval of equipment or make such equipment
Chapter 3 to be covered by the permit for which appli-
unsafe.
cation is made.
Mechanical:
2. Describe the land on which the proposed work is to be
1. Portable heating appliance. done by legal description, street address, or similar
2. Portable ventilation equipment. description that will readily identify and definitely
locate the proposed building or work.
3. Portable cooling unit.
3. Indicate the use and occupancy for which the proposed
4. Steam, hot, or chilled water piping within any heat- work is intended.
ing or cooling equipment regulated by this code.
4. Be accompanied by construction documents and other
5. Replacement of any part that does not alter its information as required in Section 106.3.
approval or make it unsafe.
5. State the valuation of the proposed work.
6. Portable evaporative cooler.
6. Be signed by the applicant or the applicant’s authorized
7. Self-contained refrigeration system containing 10 agent.
pounds (4.54 kg) or less of refrigerant and actuated
by motors of 1 horsepower (746 W) or less. 7. Give such other data and information as required by the
code official.
Plumbing:
[A] 105.3.1 Action on application. The code official shall
1. The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste, or examine or cause to be examined applications for permits
vent pipe; provided, however, that if any concealed and amendments thereto within a reasonable time after fil-
trap, drainpipe, water, soil, waste, or vent pipe ing. If the application or the construction documents do
becomes defective and it becomes necessary to not conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 21

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

code official shall reject such application in writing, stat- Exception: The code official is authorized to waive the
ing the reasons therefor. If the code official is satisfied that submission of construction documents and other data not
the proposed work conforms to the requirements of this required to be prepared by a registered design professional
code and laws and ordinances applicable thereto, the code if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such
official shall issue a permit therefor as soon as practicable. that reviewing of construction documents is not necessary
[A] 105.3.2 Time limitation of application. An applica- to obtain compliance with this code.
tion for a permit for any proposed work shall be deemed to [A] 106.2 Construction documents. Construction docu-
have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing, ments shall be in accordance with Sections 106.2.1 through
unless such application has been pursued in good faith or a 106.2.5.
permit has been issued; except that the code official is [A] 106.2.1 Construction documents. Construction doc-
authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for uments shall be dimensioned and drawn upon suitable
additional periods not exceeding 90 days each. The exten- material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be
sion shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause submitted where approved by the code official. Construc-
demonstrated. tion documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the
[A] 105.4 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show
permit shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code
approval of, any violation of any of the provisions of this and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as
code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits determined by the code official. The work areas shall be
presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provi- shown.
sions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall [A] 106.2.2 Fire protection system(s) shop drawings.
not be valid. The issuance of a permit based on construction Shop drawings for the fire protection system(s) shall be
documents and other data shall not prevent the code official submitted to indicate conformance with this code and the
from requiring the correction of errors in the construction construction documents and shall be approved prior to the
documents and other data. The code official is authorized to start of system installation. Shop drawings shall contain
prevent occupancy or use of a structure where in violation of information as required by the referenced installation stan-
this code or of any other ordinances of this jurisdiction. dards in Chapter 9 of the California Building Code.
[A] 105.5 Expiration. Every permit issued shall become [A] 106.2.3 Means of egress. The construction documents
invalid unless the work on the site authorized by such permit for Alterations—Level 2, Alterations—Level 3, additions
is commenced within 180 days after its issuance, or if the and changes of occupancy shall show in sufficient detail
work authorized on the site by such permit is suspended or the location, construction, size and character of all por-
abandoned for a period of 180 days after the time the work is tions of the means of egress in compliance with the provi-
commenced. The code official is authorized to grant, in writ- sions of this code. The construction documents shall
ing, one or more extensions of time for periods not more than designate the number of occupants to be accommodated in
180 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing every work area of every floor and in all affected rooms
and justifiable cause demonstrated. and spaces.
[A] 105.6 Suspension or revocation. The code official is [A] 106.2.4 Exterior wall envelope. Construction docu-
authorized to suspend or revoke a permit issued under the ments for work affecting the exterior wall envelope shall
provisions of this code wherever the permit is issued in error describe the exterior wall envelope in sufficient detail to
or on the basis of incorrect, inaccurate, or incomplete infor- determine compliance with this code. The construction
mation or in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any documents shall provide details of the exterior wall enve-
of the provisions of this code. lope as required, including windows, doors, flashing,
[A] 105.7 Placement of permit. The building permit or copy intersections with dissimilar materials, corners, end
shall be kept on the site of the work until the completion of details, control joints, intersections at roof, eaves, or para-
the project. pets, means of drainage, water-resistive membrane, and
details around openings.
The construction documents shall include manufac-
SECTION 106 turer’s installation instructions that provide supporting
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS documentation that the proposed penetration and opening
[A] 106.1 General. Submittal documents consisting of con- details described in the construction documents maintain
struction documents, special inspection and structural obser- the wind and weather resistance of the exterior wall enve-
vation programs, investigation and evaluation reports, and lope. The supporting documentation shall fully describe
other data shall be submitted in two or more sets with each the exterior wall system that was tested, where applicable,
application for a permit. The construction documents shall be as well as the test procedure used.
prepared by a registered design professional where required
[A] 106.2.5 Site plan. The construction documents sub-
by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be
mitted with the application for permit shall be accompa-
constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official
nied by a site plan showing to scale the size and location
is authorized to require additional construction documents to
of new construction and existing structures on the site, dis-
be prepared by a registered design professional.
tances from lot lines, the established street grades, and the

22 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

proposed finished grades; and it shall be drawn in accor- documents, and any changes made during construction that
dance with an accurate boundary line survey. In the case are not in compliance with the approved construction docu-
of demolition, the site plan shall show construction to be ments shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of
demolished and the location and size of existing structures construction documents.
and construction that are to remain on the site or plot. The [A] 106.5 Retention of construction documents. One set of
code official is authorized to waive or modify the require- approved construction documents shall be retained by the
ment for a site plan where the application for permit is for code official for a period of not less than the period required
alteration, repair or change of occupancy. for retention of public records.
[A] 106.3 Examination of documents. The code official [A] 106.6 Design professional in responsible charge.
shall examine or cause to be examined the submittal docu- Where it is required that documents be prepared by a regis-
ments and shall ascertain by such examinations whether the tered design professional, the code official shall be authorized
construction or occupancy indicated and described is in to require the owner or the owner’s authorized agent to
accordance with the requirements of this code and other perti- engage and designate on the building permit application a
nent laws or ordinances. registered design professional who shall act as the registered
[A] 106.3.1 Approval of construction documents. design professional in responsible charge. If the circum-
Where the code official issues a permit, the construction stances require, the owner or the owner’s authorized agent
documents shall be approved in writing or by stamp as shall designate a substitute registered design professional in
“Reviewed for Code Compliance.” One set of construction responsible charge who shall perform the duties required of
documents so reviewed shall be retained by the code offi- the original registered design professional in responsible
cial. The other set shall be returned to the applicant, shall charge. The code official shall be notified in writing by the
be kept at the site of work, and shall be open to inspection owner or the owner’s authorized agent if the registered design
by the code official or a duly authorized representative. professional in responsible charge is changed or is unable to
[A] 106.3.2 Previous approval. This code shall not continue to perform the duties. The registered design profes-
require changes in the construction documents, construc- sional in responsible charge shall be responsible for review-
tion or designated occupancy of a structure for which a ing and coordinating submittal documents prepared by others,
lawful permit has been issued and the construction of including phased and deferred submittal items, for compati-
which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days bility with the design of the building. Where structural obser-
after the effective date of this code and has not been aban- vation is required, the inspection program shall name the
doned. individual or firms who are to perform structural observation
and describe the stages of construction at which structural
[A] 106.3.3 Phased approval. The code official is autho- observation is to occur.
rized to issue a permit for the construction of foundations
or any other part of a building before the construction doc-
uments for the whole building or structure have been sub- SECTION 107
mitted, provided that adequate information and detailed TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND USES
statements have been filed complying with pertinent
[A] 107.1 General. The code official is authorized to issue a
requirements of this code. The holder of such permit for
permit for temporary uses. Such permits shall be limited as to
the foundation or other parts of a building shall proceed at
time of service but shall not be permitted for more than 180
the holder's own risk with the building operation and with-
days. The code official is authorized to grant extensions for
out assurance that a permit for the entire structure will be
demonstrated cause.
granted.
[A] 107.2 Conformance. Temporary uses shall conform to
[A] 106.3.4 Deferred submittals. Deferral of any submit-
the structural strength, fire safety, means of egress, accessi-
tal items shall have the prior approval of the code official.
bility, light, ventilation and sanitary requirements of this code
The registered design professional in responsible charge
as necessary to ensure the public health, safety and general
shall list the deferred submittals on the construction docu-
welfare.
ments for review by the code official.
[A] 107.3 Temporary power. The code official is authorized
Submittal documents for deferred submittal items shall
to give permission to temporarily supply and use power in
be submitted to the registered design professional in
part of an electric installation before such installation has
responsible charge who shall review them and forward
been fully completed and the final certificate of completion
them to the code official with a notation indicating that the
has been issued. The part covered by the temporary certificate
deferred submittal documents have been reviewed and that
shall comply with the requirements specified for temporary
they have been found to be in general conformance to the
lighting, heat or power in NFPA 70.
design of the building. The deferred submittal items shall
not be installed until their deferred submittal documents [A] 107.4 Termination of approval. The code official is
have been approved by the code official. authorized to terminate such permit for a temporary use and
to order the temporary use to be discontinued.
[A] 106.4 Amended construction documents. Work shall
be installed in accordance with the reviewed construction

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 23

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

SECTION 108 [A] 109.3 Required inspections. The code official, upon
FEES notification, shall make the inspections set forth in Sections
[A] 108.1 Payment of fees. A permit shall not be valid until 109.3.1 through 109.3.9.
the fees prescribed by law have been paid. Nor shall an [A] 109.3.1 Footing or foundation inspection. Footing
amendment to a permit be released until the additional fee, if and foundation inspections shall be made after excavations
any, has been paid. for footings are complete and any required reinforcing
[A] 108.2 Schedule of permit fees. On buildings, electrical, steel is in place. For concrete foundations, any required
gas, mechanical, and plumbing systems or alterations requir- forms shall be in place prior to inspection. Materials for
ing a permit, a fee for each permit shall be paid as required in the foundation shall be on the job, except where concrete
accordance with the schedule as established by the applicable is ready-mixed in accordance with ASTM C94, the con-
governing authority. crete need not be on the job.
[A] 108.3 Building permit valuations. The applicant for a [A] 109.3.2 Concrete slab or under-floor inspection.
permit shall provide an estimated permit value at time of appli- Concrete slab and under-floor inspections shall be made
cation. Permit valuations shall include total value of work after in-slab or under-floor reinforcing steel and building
including materials and labor for which the permit is being service equipment, conduit, piping accessories, and other
issued, such as electrical, gas, mechanical, plumbing equip- ancillary equipment items are in place but before any con-
ment, and permanent systems. If, in the opinion of the code crete is placed or floor sheathing installed, including the
official, the valuation is underestimated on the application, the sub floor.
permit shall be denied unless the applicant can show detailed [A] 109.3.3 Lowest floor elevation. For additions and
estimates to meet the approval of the code official. Final build- substantial improvements to existing buildings in flood
ing permit valuation shall be set by the code official. hazard areas, upon placement of the lowest floor, includ-
[A] 108.4 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any ing basement, and prior to further vertical construction, the
person who commences any work before obtaining the neces- elevation documentation required in the California Build-
sary permits shall be subject to an additional fee established ing Code shall be submitted to the code official.
by the code official that shall be in addition to the required [A] 109.3.4 Frame inspection. Framing inspections shall
permit fees. be made after the roof deck or sheathing, framing, fire
[A] 108.5 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construc- blocking, and bracing are in place and pipes, chimneys,
tion, alteration, removal, or demolition of work done in connec- and vents to be concealed are complete and the rough elec-
tion to or concurrently with the work authorized by a building trical, plumbing, heating wires, pipes, and ducts are
permit shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit from approved.
the payment of other fees that are prescribed by law. 109.3.4.1 Moisture content verification. [HCD] Mois-
[A] 108.6 Refunds. The code official is authorized to estab- ture content of framing members shall be verified in
lish a refund policy. accordance with the California Green Building Stan-
dards Code (CALGreen), Chapter 4, Division 4.5.
[A] 109.3.5 Lath or gypsum board inspection. Lath and
SECTION 109 gypsum board inspections shall be made after lathing and
INSPECTIONS gypsum board, interior and exterior, is in place but before
[A] 109.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit any plastering is applied or before gypsum board joints
is required shall be subject to inspection by the code official, and fasteners are taped and finished.
and such construction or work shall remain accessible and Exception: Gypsum board that is not part of a fire-
exposed for inspection purposes until approved. Approval as resistance-rated assembly or a shear assembly.
a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an [A] 109.3.6 Fire and smoke-resistant penetrations. Pro-
approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of tection of joints and penetrations in fire-resistance-rated
other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to assemblies, smoke barriers and smoke partitions shall not
give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code be concealed from view until inspected and approved.
or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. It
shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to [A] 109.3.7 Other inspections. [HCD, SFM] In addition
remain accessible and exposed for inspection purposes. Nei- to the inspections specified above, the code official is
ther the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for authorized to make or require other inspections of any
expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any mate- construction work to ascertain compliance with the provi-
rial required to allow inspection. sions of this code and other laws enforced by the building
official.
[A] 109.2 Preliminary inspection. Before issuing a permit,
the code official is authorized to examine or cause to be Note: Residential buildings undergoing permitted
examined buildings and sites for which an application has alterations, additions or improvements shall replace
been filed. noncompliant plumbing fixtures with water-conserving

24 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

plumbing fixtures. Plumbing fixture replacement is 5. A statement that the described portion of the structure
required prior to issuance of a certificate of final com- has been inspected for compliance with the require-
pletion, certificate of occupancy or final permit ments of this code for the occupancy and division of
approval by the local building department. See Civil occupancy and the use for which the proposed occu-
Code Section 1101.1, et seq., for the definition of a non- pancy is classified.
compliant plumbing fixture, types of residential build- 6. The name of the code official.
ings affected and other important enactment dates.
7. The edition of the code under which the permit was
[A] 109.3.8 Special inspections. [HCD, SFM] Special issued.
inspections shall be in accordance with Chapter 17 of the
California Building Code. 8. The use and occupancy in accordance with the provi-
sions of the California Building Code.
[A] 109.3.9 Final inspection. The final inspection shall be
made after work required by the building permit is com- 9. The type of construction as defined in the California
pleted. Building Code.
[A] 109.4 Inspection agencies. The code official is autho- 10. The design occupant load and any impact the alter-
rized to accept reports of approved inspection agencies, pro- ation has on the design occupant load of the area not
vided such agencies satisfy the requirements as to within the scope of the work.
qualifications and reliability. 11. If fire protection systems are provided, whether the
[A] 109.5 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the fire protection systems are required.
holder of the building permit or their duly authorized agent to 12. Any special stipulations and conditions of the build-
notify the code official when work is ready for inspection. It ing permit.
shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and [A] 110.3 Temporary occupancy. The code official is
means for any inspections of such work that are required by authorized to issue a temporary certificate of occupancy
this code. before the completion of the entire work covered by the per-
[A] 109.6 Approval required. Work shall not be done mit, provided that such portion or portions shall be occupied
beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection safely. The code official shall set a time period during which
without first obtaining the approval of the code official. The the temporary certificate of occupancy is valid.
code official, upon notification, shall make the requested
[A] 110.4 Revocation. The code official is authorized to, in
inspections and shall either indicate the portion of the con-
writing, suspend or revoke a certificate of occupancy or com-
struction that is satisfactory as completed or shall notify the
pletion issued under the provisions of this code wherever the
permit holder or an agent of the permit holder wherein the
certificate is issued in error or on the basis of incorrect infor-
same fails to comply with this code. Any portions that do not
mation supplied, or where it is determined that the building or
comply shall be corrected and such portion shall not be cov-
structure or portion thereof is in violation of any ordinance or
ered or concealed until authorized by the code official.
regulation or any of the provisions of this code.

SECTION 110
SECTION 111
CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY
SERVICE UTILITIES
[A] 110.1 Altered area use and occupancy classification
[A] 111.1 Connection of service utilities. A person shall not
change. Altered areas of a building and relocated buildings
make connections from a utility, source of energy, fuel, or
shall not be used or occupied, and change in the existing use
power to any building or system that is regulated by this code
or occupancy classification of a building or portion thereof
for which a permit is required, until approved by the code
shall not be made until the code official has issued a certifi-
official.
cate of occupancy therefor as provided herein. Issuance of a
certificate of occupancy shall not be construed as an approval [A] 111.2 Temporary connection. The code official shall
of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordi- have the authority to authorize the temporary connection of
nances of the jurisdiction. the building or system to the utility source of energy, fuel, or
power.
[A] 110.2 Certificate issued. After the code official inspects
the building and does not find violations of the provisions of [A] 111.3 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The
this code or other laws that are enforced by the Department of code official shall have the authority to authorize disconnec-
Building Safety, the code official shall issue a certificate of tion of utility service to the building, structure or system reg-
occupancy that shall contain the following: ulated by this code and the referenced codes and standards in
case of emergency where necessary to eliminate an immedi-
1. The building permit number.
ate hazard to life or property or where such utility connection
2. The address of the structure. has been made without the approval required by Section
3. The name and address of the owner or the owner’s 111.1 or 111.2. The code official shall notify the serving util-
authorized agent. ity and, wherever possible, the owner or the owner’s autho-
rized agent and occupant of the building, structure or service
4. A description of that portion of the structure for which system of the decision to disconnect prior to taking such
the certificate is issued.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 25

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

action. If not notified prior to disconnecting, the owner or sions of this code shall be subject to penalties as prescribed
occupant of the building, structure or service system shall be by law.
notified in writing, as soon as practical thereafter.

SECTION 114
SECTION 112 STOP WORK ORDER
BOARD OF APPEALS [A] 114.1 Authority. Whenever the code official finds any
[A] 112.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of work regulated by this code being performed in a manner
orders, decisions, or determinations made by the code official contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or
relative to the application and interpretation of this code, unsafe manner, the code official is authorized to issue a stop
there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The work order.
board of appeals shall be appointed by the governing body [A] 114.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing
and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt and shall be given to the owner of the property involved, the
rules of procedure for conducting its business. owner’s authorized agent or to the person doing the work.
[A] 112.2 Limitations on authority. An application for Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall
appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason
code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incor- for the order and the conditions under which the cited work
rectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully will be permitted to resume.
apply, or an equally good or better form of construction is [A] 114.3 Unlawful continuance. Any person who shall con-
proposed. The board shall not have authority to waive tinue any work after having been served with a stop work
requirements of this code. order, except such work as that person is directed to perform
[A] 112.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to
of members who are qualified by experience and training to penalties as prescribed by law.
pass on matters pertaining to building construction and are
not employees of the jurisdiction.
SECTION 115
UNSAFE BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT
SECTION 113 [A] 115.1 Conditions. Buildings, structures or equipment
VIOLATIONS that are or hereafter become unsafe, shall be taken down,
[A] 113.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, removed or made safe as the code official deems necessary
firm, or corporation to repair, alter, extend, add, move, and as provided for in this code.
remove, demolish, or change the occupancy of any building [A] 115.2 Record. The code official shall cause a report to be
or equipment regulated by this code or cause same to be done filed on an unsafe condition. The report shall state the occu-
in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this pancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
code.
[A] 115.3 Notice. If an unsafe condition is found, the code
[A] 113.2 Notice of violation. The code official is authorized official shall serve on the owner, the owner’s authorized
to serve a notice of violation or order on the person responsi- agent or person in control of the structure a written notice that
ble for the repair, alteration, extension, addition, moving, describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies the
removal, demolition, or change in the occupancy of a build- required repairs or improvements to be made to abate the
ing in violation of the provisions of this code or in violation unsafe condition, or that requires the unsafe building to be
of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this demolished within a stipulated time. Such notice shall require
code. Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal the person thus notified to declare immediately to the code
action or condition and the abatement of the violation. official acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
[A] 113.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation [A] 115.4 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed
is not complied with promptly, the code official is authorized properly served if a copy thereof is delivered to the owner or
to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the the owner’s authorized agent personally; sent by certified or
appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct, registered mail addressed to the owner or the owner’s autho-
or abate such violation or to require the removal or termina- rized agent at the last known address with the return receipt
tion of the unlawful occupancy of the building or structure in requested; or delivered in any other manner as prescribed by
violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or local law. If the certified or registered letter is returned show-
direction made pursuant thereto. ing that the letter was not delivered, a copy thereof shall be
[A] 113.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a posted in a conspicuous place in or about the structure
provision of this code or fails to comply with any of the affected by such notice. Service of such notice in the forego-
requirements thereof or who repairs or alters or changes the ing manner upon the owner’s authorized agent or upon the
occupancy of a building or structure in violation of the person responsible for the structure shall constitute service of
approved construction documents or directive of the code notice upon the owner.
official or of a permit or certificate issued under the provi-

26 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

[A] 115.5 Restoration. The building or equipment deter- appropriate action against the owner of the premises or the
mined to be unsafe by the code official is permitted to be owner’s authorized agent where the unsafe structure is or was
restored to a safe condition. To the extent that repairs, alter- located for the recovery of such costs.
ations, or additions are made or a change of occupancy occurs [A] 116.6 Hearing. Any person ordered to take emergency
during the restoration of the building, such repairs, alter- measures shall comply with such order forthwith. Any
ations, additions, or change of occupancy shall comply with affected person shall thereafter, upon petition directed to the
the requirements of this code. appeals board, be afforded a hearing as described in this code.

SECTION 116 SECTION 117

EMERGENCY MEASURES DEMOLITION
[A] 116.1 Imminent danger. Where, in the opinion of the [A] 117.1 General. The code official shall order the owner or
code official, there is imminent danger of failure or collapse owner’s authorized agent of any premises upon which is
of a building that endangers life, or where any building or located any structure that in the code official’s judgment is so
part of a building has fallen and life is endangered by the old or dilapidated, or has become so out of repair as to be
occupation of the building, or where there is actual or poten- dangerous, unsafe, insanitary or otherwise unfit for human
tial danger to the building occupants or those in the proximity habitation of occupancy, and such that it is unreasonable to
of any structure because of explosives, explosive fumes or repair the structure, to demolish and remove such structure;
vapors, or the presence of toxic fumes, gases, or materials, or or if such structure is capable of being made safe by repairs,
operation of defective or dangerous equipment, the code offi- to repair and make safe and sanitary or to demolish and
cial is hereby authorized and empowered to order and require remove to the owner’s or the owner’s authorized agent’s
the occupants to vacate the premises forthwith. The code offi- option; or where there has been a cessation of normal con-
cial shall cause to be posted at each entrance to such structure struction of any structure for a period of more than two years,
a notice reading as follows: “This Structure Is Unsafe and Its to demolish and remove such structure.
Occupancy Has Been Prohibited by the Code Official.” It
shall be unlawful for any person to enter such structure [A] 117.2 Notices and orders. Notices and orders shall com-
except for the purpose of securing the structure, making the ply with Section 113.
required repairs, removing the hazardous condition, or of [A] 117.3 Failure to comply. If the owner or the owner’s
demolishing the same. authorized agent of a premises fails to comply with a demoli-
[A] 116.2 Temporary safeguards. Notwithstanding other tion order within the time prescribed, the code official shall
provisions of this code, whenever, in the opinion of the code cause the structure to be demolished and removed, either
official, there is imminent danger due to an unsafe condition, through an available public agency or by contract or arrange-
the code official shall order the necessary work to be done, ment with private persons, and the cost of such demolition
including the boarding up of openings, to render such struc- and removal shall be charged against the real estate upon
ture temporarily safe whether or not the legal procedure which the structure is located and shall be a lien upon such
herein described has been instituted; and shall cause such real estate.
other action to be taken as the code official deems necessary [A] 117.4 Salvage materials. Where any structure has been
to meet such emergency. ordered demolished and removed, the governing body or
[A] 116.3 Closing streets. Where necessary for public safety, other designated officer under said contract or arrangement
the code official shall temporarily close structures and close aforesaid shall have the right to sell the salvage and valuable
or order the authority having jurisdiction to close sidewalks, materials at the highest price obtainable. The net proceeds of
streets, public ways, and places adjacent to unsafe structures, such sale, after deducting the expenses of such demolition
and prohibit the same from being utilized. and removal, shall be promptly remitted with a report of such
sale or transaction, including the items of expense and the
[A] 116.4 Emergency repairs. For the purposes of this sec- amounts deducted, for the person who is entitled thereto, sub-
tion, the code official shall employ the necessary labor and ject to any order of a court. If such a surplus does not remain
materials to perform the required work as expeditiously as to be turned over, the report shall so state.
possible.
[A] 116.5 Costs of emergency repairs. Costs incurred in the
performance of emergency work shall be paid by the jurisdic-
tion. The legal counsel of the jurisdiction shall institute

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 27

28 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections X X
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
X X
are listed below
Chapter / Section
201.3 X
ADDITION X
ALTERATION X
APPROVED X
BUILDING X X X
BUILDING OFFICIAL X X
CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY X
CODE OFFICIAL X X X
DANGEROUS X
EQUIPMENT OR FIXTURE X
EXISTING BUILDING X
FACILITY X
NONCOMBUSTIBLE
X
MATERIAL
PRIMARY FUNCTION X
REGISTERED DESIGN
PROFESSIONAL IN X
RESPONSIBLE CHARGE
REHABILITATION X
REPAIR X
REROOFING X
ROOF RECOVER X
ROOF REPAIR X
ROOF REPLACEMENT X
UNSAFE X
WORK AREA X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 29

30 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

SECTION 201 Note: Building shall have the same meaning as defined in
GENERAL Health and Safety Code Sections 17920 and 18908 for the
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the follow- applications specified in Section 1.11.
ing words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have BUILDING OFFICIAL. [HCD] The officer or other desig-
the meanings shown in this chapter. nated authority charged with the administration and enforce-
201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense ment of this code, or a duly authorized representative.
include the future; words stated in the masculine gender CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the use of the
include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes building or a portion of a building. A change of occupancy
the plural and the plural, the singular. shall include any change of occupancy classification, any
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not change from one group to another group within an occupancy
defined in this code and are defined in the other California classification or any change in use within a group for a spe-
Codes, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them cific occupancy classification.
in those codes. CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined charged with the administration and enforcement of this code.
through the methods authorized by this chapter, such terms [HCD 1 & HCD 2] “Code Official” shall mean “Building
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context Official” as defined in this code.
implies.
[BS] DANGEROUS. Any building, structure or portion
thereof that meets any of the conditions described below shall
be deemed dangerous:
SECTION 202
GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1. The building or structure has collapsed, has partially
ADDITION. An extension or increase in floor area, number collapsed, has moved off its foundation, or lacks the
of stories, or height of a building or structure. necessary support of the ground.

ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an exist- 2. There exists a significant risk of collapse, detachment
ing structure other than a repair or addition. Alterations are or dislodgement of any portion, member, appurtenance
classified as Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. or ornamentation of the building or structure under ser-
vice loads.
[A] APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official or author-
DEFERRED SUBMITTAL. Those portions of the design
ity having jurisdiction.
that are not submitted at the time of the application and that
BUILDING. [HCD] Any structure used or intended for sup- are to be submitted to the code official within a specified
porting or sheltering any use or occupancy. period.
Exception: [HCD 1, HCD 2 & HCD 1-AC] For applica- EQUIPMENT OR FIXTURE. Any plumbing, heating,
tions listed in Section 1.8.2 regulated by the Department electrical, ventilating, air conditioning, refrigerating, and fire
of Housing and Community Development, “Building” protection equipment, and elevators, dumb waiters, escala-
shall not include the following: tors, boilers, pressure vessels and other mechanical facilities
or installations that are related to building services. Equip-
1. Any mobilehome as defined in Health and Safety
ment or fixture shall not include manufacturing, production,
Code Section 18008.
or process equipment, but shall include connections from
2. Any manufactured home as defined in Health and building service to process equipment.
Safety Code Section 18007.
EXISTING BUILDING. A building erected prior to the date
3. Any commercial modular as defined in Health and of adoption of the appropriate code, or one for which a legal
Safety Code Section 18001.8 or any special purpose building permit has been issued.
commercial modular as defined in Section 18012.5.
[A] FACILITY. All or any portion of buildings, structures,
4. Any recreational vehicle as defined in Health and site improvements, elements and pedestrian or vehicular
Safety Code, Section 18010. routes located on a site.
5. Any multifamily manufactured home as defined in [BS] FLOOD HAZARD AREA. The greater of the follow-
Health and Safety Code Section 18008.7. ing two areas:
For additional information, see Health and Safety 1. The area within a flood plain subject to a 1-percent or
Code Section 18908. greater chance of flooding in any year.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 31

DEFINITIONS

2. The area designated as a flood hazard area on a com- [BS] REROOFING. The process of recovering or replacing
munity's flood hazard map, or otherwise legally desig- an existing roof covering. See “Roof recover” and “Roof
nated. replacement.”
HISTORIC BUILDING. Any building or structure that is [BS] ROOF RECOVER. The process of installing an addi-
one or more of the following: tional roof covering over a prepared existing roof covering
without removing the existing roof covering.
1. Listed, or certified as eligible for listing, by the State
Historic Preservation Officer or the Keeper of the [BS] ROOF REPAIR. Reconstruction or renewal of any part
National Register of Historic Places, in the National of an existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.
Register of Historic Places.
[BS] ROOF REPLACEMENT. The process of removing
2. Designated as historic under an applicable state or local the existing roof covering, repairing any damaged substrate
law. and installing a new roof covering.
3. Certified as a contributing resource within a National SEISMIC LOADING. The forces prescribed herein, related
Register, state designated or locally designated historic to the response of the structure to earthquake motions, to be
district. used in the analysis and design of the structure and its compo-
nents.
LOAD-BEARING ELEMENT. Any column, girder, beam,
joist, truss, rafter, wall, floor or roof sheathing that supports [BS] SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE. For the purpose of deter-
any vertical load in addition to its own weight or any lateral mining compliance with the flood provisions of this code,
load. damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the
cost of restoring the structure to its before-damaged condition
NONCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. A material that, under would equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value of the
the conditions anticipated, will not ignite or burn when sub- structure before the damage occurred.
jected to fire or heat. Materials that pass ASTM E136 are
considered noncombustible materials. [BS] SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT. For the purpose
of determining compliance with the flood provisions of this
PRIMARY FUNCTION. A primary function is a major code, any repair, alteration, addition, or improvement of a
activity for which the facility is intended. Areas that contain a building or structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50
primary function include, but are not limited to, the customer percent of the market value of the structure, before the
services lobby of a bank, the dining area of a cafeteria, the improvement or repair is started. If the structure has sustained
meeting rooms in a conference center, as well as offices and substantial damage, any repairs are considered substantial
other work areas in which the activities of the public accom- improvement regardless of the actual repair work performed.
modation or other private entity using the facility are carried The term does not, however, include either:
out. Mechanical rooms, boiler rooms, supply storage rooms,
employee lounges or locker rooms, janitorial closets, 1. Any project for improvement of a building required to
entrances, corridors and restrooms are not areas containing a correct existing health, sanitary, or safety code viola-
primary function. tions identified by the code official and that is the mini-
mum necessary to ensure safe living conditions; or
[A] REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL IN
RESPONSIBLE CHARGE. A registered design profes- 2. Any alteration of a historic structure, provided that the
sional engaged by the owner to review and coordinate certain alteration will not preclude the structure’s continued
aspects of the project, as determined by the code official, for designation as a historic structure.
compatibility with the design of the building or structure, [BS] SUBSTANTIAL STRUCTURAL DAMAGE. A con-
including submittal documents prepared by others, deferred dition where one or both of the following apply:
submittal documents and phased submittal documents.
1. In any story, the vertical elements of the lateral force-
REHABILITATION. Any work, as described by the cate- resisting system have suffered damage such that the lat-
gories of work defined herein, undertaken in an existing eral load-carrying capacity of the structure in any hori-
building. zontal direction has been reduced by more than 33
REHABILITATION, SEISMIC. Work conducted to percent from its predamage condition.
improve the seismic lateral force resistance of an existing 2. The capacity of any vertical gravity load-carrying com-
building. ponent, or any group of such components, that supports
more than 30 percent of the total area of the structure’s
RELOCATABLE BUILDING. A partially or completely
floor(s) and roof(s) has been reduced more than 20 per-
assembled building constructed and designed to be reused
cent from its predamage condition and the remaining
multiple times and transported to different building sites.
capacity of such affected elements, with respect to all
REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an dead and live loads, is less than 75 percent of that
existing building for the purpose of its maintenance or to cor- required by this code for new buildings of similar struc-
rect damage. ture, purpose and location.

32 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 DEFINITIONS

TECHNICALLY INFEASIBLE. An alteration of a facility

that has little likelihood of being accomplished because the
existing structural conditions require the removal or alter-
ation of a load-bearing member that is an essential part of the
structural frame, or because other existing physical or site
constraints prohibit modification or addition of elements,
spaces or features which are in full and strict compliance with
the minimum requirements for new construction and which
are necessary to provide accessibility.
UNSAFE. Buildings, structures or equipment that are unsani-
tary, or that are deficient due to inadequate means of egress
facilities, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitute a
fire hazard, or in which the structure or individual structural
members meet the definition of “Dangerous,” or that are oth-
erwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or that
involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate mainte-
nance shall be deemed unsafe. A vacant structure that is not
secured against entry shall be deemed unsafe.
WORK AREA. That portion or portions of a building con-
sisting of all reconfigured spaces as indicated on the con-
struction documents. Work area excludes other portions of
the building where incidental work entailed by the intended
work must be performed and portions of the building where
work not initially intended by the owner is specifically
required by this code.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 33

34 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 3 – PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
X X X X
are listed below
Chapter / Section
301.1 X
301.1 Exception 2 X
301.1 Exception 3 X
301.1 Exception 4 X
301.1.1 X
302-302.5 X
313 X
314 X
315 X
316 X
317 X X X
318 X X X
319 X X X
320 X X X
321 X X X
322 X X X
323 X X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 35

36 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER 3

PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

SECTION 301 minimum standards for earthquake evaluation and

ADMINISTRATION design for the rehabilitation of existing buildings for
301.1 General. The repair, alteration, change of occupancy, use as community college buildings under the juris-
addition or relocation of all existing buildings shall comply diction of the Division of the State Architect-Struc-
with one of the methods listed in Sections 301.1.1 through tural Safety/Community Colleges (DSA-SS/CC, refer
301.1.3 as selected by the applicant. Sections 301.1.1 through to Section 1.9.2.2) where required by Sections 4-307
301.1.3 shall not be applied in combination with each other. and 4-309(c) of the California Administrative Code.
Where this code requires consideration of the seismic force- The provisions of Sections 317 through 323 also
resisting system of an existing building subject to repair, establish minimum standards for earthquake evalu-
alteration, change of occupancy, addition or relocation of ation and design for rehabilitation of existing com-
existing buildings, the seismic evaluation and design shall be munity college buildings currently under the
based on Section 301.1.4 regardless of which compliance jurisdiction of DSA-SS/CC.
method is used. 301.1.1 Prescriptive compliance method. Repairs, alter-
Exceptions: ations, additions and changes of occupancy complying
with Chapter 4 of this code in buildings complying with
1. Subject to the approval of the code official, alter- the California Fire Code shall be considered in compli-
ations complying with the laws in existence at the ance with the provisions of this code.
time the building or the affected portion of the build-
ing was built shall be considered in compliance with 301.1.2 Work area compliance method. Repairs, alter-
the provisions of this code unless the building is ations, additions, changes in occupancy and relocated
undergoing more than a limited structural alteration buildings complying with the applicable requirements of
as defined in Section 907.4.4. New structural mem- Chapters 5 through 13 of this code shall be considered in
bers added as part of the alteration shall comply with compliance with the provisions of this code.
the California Building Code. Alterations of existing 301.1.3 Performance compliance method. Repairs, alter-
buildings in flood hazard areas shall comply with ations, additions, changes in occupancy and relocated
Section 701.3. buildings complying with Chapter 14 of this code shall be
2. Existing state-owned structures. [BSC] The repair, considered in compliance with the provisions of this code.
alteration, change of occupancy, addition or reloca- [BS] 301.1.4 Seismic evaluation and design procedures.
tion of all existing buildings shall comply with the The seismic evaluation and design shall be based on the
provisions of Sections 317 through 322 as the mini- procedures specified in the California Building Code or
mum standards for earthquake evaluation and ASCE 41. The procedures contained in Appendix A of this
design for retrofit of existing state-owned structures, code shall be permitted to be used as specified in Section
including buildings owned by the University of Cali- 301.1.4.2.
fornia, the California State University, or the Judi-
[BS] 301.1.4.1 Compliance with International Build-
cial Council.
ing Code-level seismic forces. Where compliance with
The provisions of Sections 317 through 322 may be the seismic design provisions of the California Build-
adopted by a local jurisdiction for earthquake evalua- ing Code is required, the criteria shall be in accordance
tion and design for retrofit of existing buildings. with one of the following:
3. Public school buildings [DSA-SS] The provisions 1. One-hundred percent of the values in the Califor-
of Sections 317 through 323 establish minimum nia Building Code. Where the existing seismic
standards for earthquake evaluation and design for force-resisting system is a type that can be desig-
the rehabilitation of existing buildings for use as nated as “Ordinary,” values of R, 0 and Cd used
public school buildings under the jurisdiction of the for analysis in accordance with Chapter 16 of the
Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety California Building Code shall be those specified
(DSA-SS, refer to Section 1.9.2.1) where required by for structural systems classified as “Ordinary” in
Sections 4-307 and 4-309(c) of the California accordance with Table 12.2-1 of ASCE 7, unless
Administrative Code. it can be demonstrated that the structural system
The provisions of Sections 317 through 323 also will provide performance equivalent to that of a
establish minimum standards for earthquake evalu- “Detailed,” “Intermediate” or “Special” system.
ation and design for rehabilitation of existing public 2. ASCE 41, using a Tier 3 procedure and the two-
school buildings currently under the jurisdiction of level performance objective in Table 301.1.4.1
DSA-SS. for the applicable risk category.
4. Community college buildings. [DSA-SS/CC] The [BS] 301.1.4.2 Compliance with reduced Interna-
provisions of Sections 317 through 323 establish tional Building Code-level seismic forces. Where

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 37

PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

seismic evaluation and design is permitted to meet construction in Risk Category I or II are
reduced California Building Code seismic force levels, permitted to be based on the procedures
the criteria used shall be in accordance with one of the specified in Chapter A4.
following: 2.5. Seismic evaluation and design of concrete
1. The California Building Code using 75 percent of buildings assigned to Risk Category I, II
the prescribed forces. Values of R, 0 and Cd or III are permitted to be based on the pro-
used for analysis shall be as specified in Section cedures specified in Chapter A5.
301.1.4.1 of this code. 3. ASCE 41, using the performance objective in
2. Structures or portions of structures that comply Table 301.1.4.2 for the applicable risk category.
with the requirements of the applicable chapter in
Appendix A as specified in Items 2.1 through 2.5
and subject to the limitations of the respective SECTION 302
Appendix A chapters shall be deemed to comply GENERAL PROVISIONS
with this section. 302.1 Applicability. The provisions of Section 302 apply to
2.1. The seismic evaluation and design of all alterations, repairs, additions, relocations of structures and
unreinforced masonry bearing wall build- changes of occupancy regardless of compliance method.
ings in Risk Category I or II are permitted 302.2 Additional codes. Alterations, repairs, additions and
to be based on the procedures specified in changes of occupancy to, or relocation of, existing buildings
Appendix Chapter A1. and structures shall comply with the provisions for alter-
2.2. Seismic evaluation and design of the wall ations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy or reloca-
anchorage system in reinforced concrete tion, respectively, in this code and the California Energy
and reinforced masonry wall buildings Code, California Fire Code, California Mechanical Code,
with flexible diaphragms in Risk Cate- California Plumbing Code, California Residential Code and
gory I or II are permitted to be based on the California Electrical Code. Where provisions of the other
the procedures specified in Chapter A2. codes conflict with provisions of this code, the provisions of
this code shall take precedence.
2.3. Seismic evaluation and design of cripple
walls and sill plate anchorage in residen- 302.3 Existing materials. Materials already in use in a build-
tial buildings of light-frame wood con- ing in compliance with requirements or approvals in effect at
struction in Risk Category I or II are the time of their erection or installation shall be permitted to
permitted to be based on the procedures remain in use unless determined by the building official to be
specified in Chapter A3. unsafe.
2.4. Seismic evaluation and design of soft, 302.4 New and replacement materials. Except as otherwise
weak, or open-front wall conditions in required or permitted by this code, materials permitted by the
multiunit residential buildings of wood applicable code for new construction shall be used. Like

[BS] TABLE 301.1.4.1

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES FOR USE IN ASCE 41 FOR COMPLIANCE WITH
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE-LEVEL SEISMIC FORCES
RISK CATEGORY STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE LEVEL FOR USE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE LEVEL FOR USE
(Based on IBC Table 1604.5) WITH BSE-1N EARTHQUAKE HAZARD LEVEL WITH BSE-2N EARTHQUAKE HAZARD LEVEL
I Life Safety (S-3) Collapse Prevention (S-5)
II Life Safety (S-3) Collapse Prevention (S-5)
III Damage Control (S-2) Limited Safety (S-4)
IV Immediate Occupancy (S-1) Life Safety (S-3)
.

[BS] TABLE 301.1.4.2

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES FOR USE IN ASCE 41 FOR COMPLIANCE WITH
REDUCED INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE-LEVEL SEISMIC FORCES
RISK CATEGORY
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE LEVEL FOR USE WITH BSE-1E EARTHQUAKE HAZARD LEVEL
(Based on IBC Table 1604.5)
I Life Safety (S-3)
II Life Safety (S-3)
III Damage Control (S-2). See Note a
IV Immediate Occupancy (S-1)
a. Tier 1 evaluation at the Damage Control performance level shall use the Tier 1 Life Safety checklists and Tier 1 Quick Check provisions midway between
those specified for Life Safety and Immediate Occupancy performance.

38 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

materials shall be permitted for repairs and alterations, pro- section for stairwell enclosures. Enclosures shall not be
vided no unsafe condition is created. Hazardous materials required if an automatic sprinkler system is provided for all
shall not be used where the code for new construction would portions of the building except bedrooms, apartments and
not permit their use in buildings of similar occupancy, pur- rooms accessory thereto. Interior stairs and vertical openings
** pose and location. need not be enclosed in two-story buildings.
302.5 Occupancy and use. When determining the appropri- 313.5 Exterior stairways. Exterior stairways shall be non-
ate application of the referenced sections of this code, the combustible or of wood of not less than 2-inch (51 mm) nomi-
occupancy and use of a building shall be determined in accor- nal thickness with solid treads and risers.
dance with Chapter 3 of the California Building Code. 313.6 Fire escapes, exit ladder devices. Fire escapes may be
used as one means of egress if the pitch does not exceed 60
SECTIONS 303 - 312 degrees, the width is not less than 18 inches (457 mm), the
RESERVED treads are not less than 4 inches (102 mm) wide, and they
extend to the ground or are provided with counterbalanced
stairs reaching to the ground. Access shall be by an opening
SECTION 313 having a minimum dimension of 29 inches (737 mm) when
EXISTING GROUP R-1 AND open. The sill shall not be more than 30 inches (762 mm)
GROUP R-2 OCCUPANCIES [SFM] above the floor and landing.
313.1 Scope. The provisions of this section are intended to A ladder device, when used in lieu of a fire escape, shall
maintain or increase the current degree of public safety, conform to Section 313.6.1 and the following:
health and general welfare in existing buildings classified as Serves an occupant load of nine people or less or a single
Group R Occupancies. dwelling unit or hotel room.
313.1.1 Application. In accordance with Health and The building does not exceed three stories in height.
Safety Code Section 13143.2, the provisions of Sections
313.2 through 313.12 shall only apply to multiple-story The access is adjacent to an opening as specified for
structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for human hab- emergency egress or rescue or from a balcony.
itation, including, and limited to, apartment houses, The device does not pass in front of any building opening
hotels, and motels wherein rooms used for sleeping are let below the unit being served.
above the ground floor.
The availability of activating the ladder device is accessi-
313.2 Number of exits. Every apartment and every other ble only to the opening or balcony served.
sleeping room shall have access to not less than two exits The device as installed will not cause a person using it to
when the occupant load is 10 or more (exits need not be be within 12 feet (3658 mm) of exposed energized high-
directly from the apartment or sleeping room). A fire escape voltage conductors.
as specified herein may be used as one required exit.
313.6.1 Exit ladder devices.
Subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction, a
ladder device as specified herein may be used in lieu of a fire 313.6.1.1 Scope. This standard for exit ladder devices
escape when the construction feature or the location of the is applicable where such devices are permitted by the
building on the property cause the installation of a fire building official for installation on existing apartment
escape to be impractical. houses and hotels in conformance with the California
Building Code.
313.3 Stair construction. All stairs shall have a minimum run
of 9 inches (229 mm) and a maximum rise of 8 inches (203 mm) 313.6.1.2 Instructions. Installation shall be in accor-
and a minimum width exclusive of handrails of 30 inches (762 dance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Instruc-
mm). Every stairway shall have at least one handrail. A land- tions shall be illustrated and shall include directions
ing having a minimum horizontal dimension of 30 inches (762 and information adequate for attaining proper and safe
mm) shall be provided at each point of access to the stairway. installation of the product. Where exit ladder devices
are intended for mounting on different support sur-
313.4 Interior stairways. Every interior stairway shall be faces, specific installation instructions shall be pro-
enclosed with walls of not less than one-hour fire-resistive vided for each surface.
construction. Where existing partitions form part of a stair-
well enclosure, wood lath and plaster in good condition will 313.6.1.3 General design. All load-bearing surfaces
be acceptable in lieu of one-hour fire-resistive construction. and supporting hardware shall be of noncombustible
Doors to such enclosures shall be protected by a self-closing materials. Exit ladder devices shall have a minimum
door equivalent to a solid wood door with a thickness of not width of 12 inches (305 mm) when in the position
less than 13/4 inches (44.5 mm). intended for use. The design load shall not be less than
400 pounds (1780N) for 16-foot (4877 mm) length and
Enclosures shall include all landings between flights and 600 pounds (2699N) for 25-foot (7620 mm) length.
any corridors, passageways or public rooms necessary for
continuous exit to the exterior of the buildings. The stairway 313.6.1.4 Performance.
need not be enclosed in a continuous shaft if cut off at each 313.6.1.4.1 Exit ladder devices shall be capable of
story by the fire-resistive construction required by this sub- withstanding an applied load of four times the

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 39

PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

design load when installed in the manner intended 2. Where the existing frame will not accommodate a
for use. Test loads shall be applied for a period of door complying with Section 708.6 of the California
one hour. Building Code, a 13/8-inch-thick (35 mm) solid-
bonded wood-core door may be used.
313.6.1.4.2 Exit ladder devices of the retractable
type shall, in addition to the static load requirements 313.8 Exit signs. Every exit doorway or change of direction
of Section 413.6.1.4.1 of the California Building of a corridor shall be marked with a well-lighted exit sign
Code, be capable of withstanding the following having letters at least 5 inches (127 mm) high.
tests: 313.9 Enclosure of vertical openings. Elevators, shafts,
1. Rung strength ducts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed as
required for stairways in Section 313.5 or by wired glass set
2. Rung-to-side-rail shear strength
in metal frames. Doors shall be noncombustible or as regu-
3. Release mechanism lated in Section 313.5.
4. Low temperature 313.10 Separation of occupancies. Occupancy separations
313.6.1.5 Rung-strength test. Rungs of retractable exit shall be provided as specified in Section 508 of the California
ladder devices shall be capable of withstanding a load Building Code. Lobbies and public dining rooms, not includ-
of 1,000 pounds (4448N) when applied to a 31/2-inch- ing cocktail lounges, shall not require a separation if the
wide (89 mm) block resting at the center of the rung. kitchen is so separated from the dining room. Every room
The test load shall be applied for a period of one hour. containing a boiler or central heating plant shall be sepa-
The ladder shall remain operational following this test. rated from the rest of the building by not less than a one-hour
fire-resistive occupancy separation.
313.6.1.6 Rung-to-side-rail shear test. Rungs of Exception: A separation shall not be required for such
retractable exit ladder devices shall be capable of with- rooms with equipment serving only one dwelling unit.
standing 1,000 (4448N) when applied to a 31/2-inch-
wide (89 mm) block resting on the center rung as near 313.11 Equivalent protection. In lieu of the separation of
the side rail as possible. The test load shall be applied occupancies required by Section 313.10, equivalent protec-
for a period of one hour. Upon removal of the test load tion may be permitted when approved by the enforcement
the fasteners attaching the rung to the side rail shall agency.
show no evidence of failure. The ladder shall remain Exception: The provisions of Sections 313.3 through
operational following the test. 313.11 above shall not apply to any existing apartment
313.6.1.7 Release mechanism test. The release mecha- house, hotel or motel having floors (as measured from the
nism of retractable exit ladder devices shall operate top of the floor surface) used for human occupancy
with an average applied force of not more than 5 located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest
pounds (22.2N) for hand-operated releasing mecha- floor level having building access which is subject to the
nisms and an average applied force of not more than 25 provisions of Section 314 and the California Fire Code,
pounds (111N) for foot-pedal types of releasing mecha- relating to existing high-rise buildings.
nisms. For these tests, a force gauge shall be applied to Note: In accordance with Health and Safety Code Section
the release mechanism, and the average of three con- 17920.7, the provisions of Sections 313.3 through 313.11
secutive readings shall be computed. above shall apply only to multiple-story structures existing
on January 1, 1975, let for human habitation including,
313.6.1.8 Low temperature operation test. Representa- and limited to, apartments, houses, hotels and motels
tive samples of the exit ladder devices shall be sub- wherein rooms used for sleeping are let above the ground
jected to a temperature of -40ºC in an environmental floor.
chamber for a period of 24 hours. The release mecha-
nism shall be operated immediately upon removal from 313.12 Fire alarms.
the chamber. The ladder device shall function as 313.12.1 General. Every apartment house three or more
intended without any restriction of operation. stories in height or containing more than 15 apartments,
313.7 Doors and openings. Exit doors and openings shall every hotel three or more stories in height or containing
meet the requirements of Sections 1008.1.2, 1008.8.1.8, 20 or more guest rooms, shall have installed therein an
1008.1.9 and 708.6 of the California Building Code. Doors automatic or manually operated fire alarm system. Such
shall not reduce the required width of stairway more than 6 fire alarm systems shall be so designed that all occupants
inches (152 mm) when open. Transoms and openings other of the building may be warned simultaneously and shall be
than doors from corridors to rooms shall be fixed closed and in accordance with the California Fire Code. See Section
shall be covered with a minimum of 3/4-inch (19 mm) plywood 314.14 for special requirements in buildings over 75 feet
or 1/2-inch (13 mm) gypsum wallboard or equivalent material. (22 860 mm) in height.
Exception: A fire alarm system need not be installed
Exceptions:
provided such apartment house or hotel is separated
1. Existing solid-bonded wood-core doors 13/8 inches by an unpierced wall of not less than four-hour fire
thick (34.9 mm), or their equivalent may be contin- resistance in buildings of Type IA, Type IIB, Type III
ued in use. or Type IV construction and two-hour fire resistance

40 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

in buildings of all other types of construction pro- 313.13.3.3 Fire-extinguishing systems. Automatic fire-
vided: extinguishing systems installed in any structure subject
1. Areas do not exceed the number of apartments or to these regulations shall have an approved flow indi-
guest rooms stipulated. cator electrically interconnected to the required fire
alarm system.
2. The fire-resistive wall conforms to the require-
ments of Section 706.6 of the California Building
Code. SECTION 314
3. The wall complies with all other applicable pro- EXISTING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS [SFM]
visions of the California Building Code. 314.1 Scope and definition. The provisions of Sections 314.1
through 314.27 shall apply to every existing high-rise build-
4. The wall extends to all outer edges of horizontal
ing of any type of construction or occupancy having floors
projecting elements, such as balconies, roof over-
(as measured from the top of the floor surface) used for
hangs, canopies, marquees or architectural pro-
human occupancy located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm)
jections.
above the lowest floor level having building access.
5. No openings are permitted for air ducts or simi- Exceptions:
lar penetrations, except that openings for pipes,
conduits and electrical outlets of copper, sheet 1. Hospitals, as defined in Section 1250 of the Health
steel or ferrous material shall be permitted and Safety Code.
through such wall and need not be protected, 2. The following structures, while classified as high-
provided they do not unduly impair the required rise buildings, shall not be subject to the provisions
fire resistance of the assembly. of Sections 314.1 through 314.27, but shall conform
6. Tolerances around such penetrations shall be to all applicable provisions of these regulations.
filled with approved noncombustible materials. 2.1. Building used exclusively as open parking
313.12.2 Installation. The installation of all fire alarm garages.
equipment shall be in accordance with the California Fire 2.2. Buildings where all floors above the 75 foot (22
Code. 860 mm) level are used exclusively as open
313.13 Existing Group R Occupancy high-rise buildings. parking garages.
313.13.1 General. Regardless of other provisions of these 2.3. Floors of buildings used exclusively as open
regulations relating to existing high-rise buildings, parking garages and located above all other
requirements relative to existing Group R-1 or Group R-2 floors used for human occupancy.
Occupancies shall not be less restrictive than those estab- 2.4. Buildings such as power plants, look-out tow-
lished pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section ers, steeples, grain houses, and similar struc-
13143.2. tures, when so determined by the enforcing
313.13.2 Corridor openings. Openings in corridor walls agency.
and ceilings shall be protected by not less than 13/4-inch 2.5. Buildings used exclusively for jails and prisons.
(44.5 mm) solid-bonded wood-core doors, 1/4-inch-thick (6 For the purposes of this section, “building
mm) wired glass conforming to Section 715.1 of the Cali- access” shall mean an exterior door opening
fornia Building Code, by approved fire dampers or by conforming to all of the following:
equivalent protection in lieu of any of these items. Tran- 1. Suitable and available for fire department
soms shall be fixed closed with material having a fire- use.
resistive rating equal to 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) Type X gypsum
wallboard or equivalent material installed on both sides of 2. Located not more than 2 feet (610 mm)
the opening. above the adjacent ground level.
313.13.3 Fire alarm systems. Notwithstanding the provi- 3. Leading to a space, room or area having
sions of Section 403 of the California Building Code, foot traffic communication capabilities
every existing high-rise building used for the housing of a with the remainder of the building.
Group R-1 or Group R-2 Occupancies shall have installed 4. Designed to permit penetration through
therein a fire alarm system conforming to this subsection. the use of fire department forcible-entry
313.13.3.1 General. Every apartment house and every tools and equipment unless other
hotel shall have installed therein an automatic or man- approved arrangements have been made
ually operated fire alarm system. Such fire alarm sys- with the fire authority having jurisdiction.
tems shall be so designed that all occupants of the “Existing high-rise structure” means a high-rise struc-
building may be warned simultaneously. ture, the construction of which is commenced or completed
313.13.3.2 Installation. The installation of all fire prior to July 1, 1974.
alarm equipment shall be in accordance with the Cali- For the purpose of this section, construction shall be
fornia Fire Code. deemed to have commenced when plans and specifications

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 41

PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

are more than 50 percent complete and have been presented 314.7 New construction. All new construction shall be com-
to the local jurisdiction prior to July 1, 1974. Actual con- posed of materials and assemblies of materials conforming to
struction of such buildings shall commence on or before Jan- the fire-resistive provisions of these regulations. In no case
uary 1, 1976, unless all provisions for new buildings have shall enclosure walls be required to be of more than one-hour
been met. fire-resistive construction.
Note: it is the intent of this section that, in determining the Exception: When approved by the enforcing agency,
level form which the highest occupied floor is to be mea- materials specified in Section 314.6 may be used for new
sured, the enforcing agency should exercise reasonable construction when necessary to maintain continuity of
judgment, including consideration of overall accessibility design and measurement of existing construction.
to the building by fire department personnel and vehicular
314.8 Exits. Every floor from an existing high-rise building
equipment. When a building is situated on sloping terrain
shall have access to two separate means of egress, one of
and there is building access on more than one level, the
which, when approved by the enforcing agency, may be an
enforcing agency may select the level which provides the
existing exterior fire escape. New installations of smoke-
most logical and adequate fire department access.
proof enclosures shall not be required.
314.2 Compliance data. Except as may be otherwise speci-
Note: In determining the adequacy of exits and their
fied, existing high-rise building shall conform to the applica-
design, Chapter 10 of the California Building Code may
ble requirements of these regulations by April 26, 1979.
be used as a guide. It is the intent of this section that every
Exception: The period of compliance may be extended existing high-rise building need not mandatorily conform
upon showing of good cause for such extension if a sys- or be made to conform with the requirements for new
tematic and progressive plan of correction is submitted to, high-rise buildings. Reasonable judgment in the applica-
and approved by, the enforcing agency. Such extension tion of requirements must be exercised by the enforcing
shall not exceed two years from the date of approval of agency.
such plan. Any plan of correction submitted pursuant to
314.9 Fire escapes. An existing fire escape in good structural
this exception shall be submitted and approved on or
condition may be acceptable as one of the required means of
before April 26, 1979.
egress from each floor. Access to such fire escapes may be by
314.3 Continued use. Existing high-rise building may have any one of the following:
their use continued if they conform, or are made to conform,
Through a room between the corridor and the fire escape
to the intent of the provisions of Sections 314.5 through
if the door to the room is operable from the corridor side
314.27 to provide for the safety of the occupants of the high-
without the use of any key, special knowledge or effort.
rise buildings and person involved in fire-suppression activi-
ties. By a door operable to a fire escape from the interior with-
out the use of any key, special knowledge or effort.
314.4 Alternate protection. Alternate means of egress, fire
walls or fire barriers, smoke barriers, automatic fire detec- By a window operable from the interior. Such window
tion or fire-extinguishing systems, or other fire-protection shall have a minimum dimension of 29 inches (737 mm)
devices, equipment or installations may be approved by the when open.
enforcing agency to provide reasonable and adequate life
The sill shall not be more than 30 inches (762 mm) above
safety as intended by Sections 314.5 through 314.27 for exist-
the floor and landing.
ing high-rise buildings.
314.10 Protection of exterior openings. When an existing
314.5 Basic provisions. The provisions outlined in Sections
fire escape is accepted as one of the require means of egress,
314.1 through 314.27 are applicable to every existing
openings onto the fire escape landing and openings within 5
highrise building.
feet (1524 mm) horizontally of the landings shall be protected
314.6 Minimum construction. Existing wood lath and plas- in a manner acceptable to the enforcing agency.
ter, existing 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard, existing
314.11 Locking of stairway doors. When exit doors from cor-
installations of 1/2-inch thick (12.7 mm) wired glass which are
ridors to exit stairways are locked to prohibit access from the
or are rendered inoperative and fixed in a closed position, or
stairway side, the locking mechanisms shall be retracted to
other existing materials having similar fire-resistive capabili-
the unlocked position upon failure of electrical power and a
ties shall be acceptable. All such assemblies shall be in good
telephone or other two-way communication system connected
repair, free of any condition which would diminish their orig-
to an approved emergency service that operates continuously
inal fire-resistive characteristics.
shall be provided at not less than every fifth floor in each
Where 13/4-inch (44.5 mm) solid-bonded wood-core doors required stairway. In lieu thereof, master keys which will
are specified in these regulations for existing high-rise build- unlock all such doors from the stairway side shall be pro-
ings, new or existing 13/8-inch (34.9 mm) doors shall be vided in such numbers and locations as approved by the
acceptable where existing framing will not accommodate a enforcing agency.
13/4-inch (44.5 mm) door.
314.12 Enclosures. Interior vertical shafts, including but not
Note: It is the intent of this provisions that existing wood limited to, elevators, stairway and utility, shall be enclosed
frames may have their use continued. with construction as set forth in Section 314.6.

42 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

314.13 Opening protection. Doors in other than elevators, 314.20 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. An
which shall be of a type acceptable to the enforcing agency, approved emergency voice/alarm system shall be provided in
shall be approved one-hour, fire-rated, tight-fitting or gas- every existing high-rise building which exceeds 150 feet (45
keted doors or equivalent protection, and shall be of the nor- 720 mm) in height measured in the manner set forth in Sec-
mally closed type, self-closing or a type which will close tion 312.1. Such system shall provide communication from a
automatically in accordance with Section 715 of the Califor- location available to and designated by the enforcing agency
nia Building Code. to not less than all public areas. The emergency voice/alarm
Exception: In lieu of stairway enclosures, smoke barriers system may be combined with a fire alarm system provide the
may be provided in such a manner that fire and smoke will combined system has been approved and listed by the State
not spread to other floors or otherwise impair exit facili- Fire Marshal. The sounding of a fire alarm signal in any
ties. In these instances, smoke barriers shall not be less given area or floor shall not prohibit voice communication to
than one-hour fire resistive with openings protected by not other areas of floors. Combination systems shall be designed
less than approved one-third-hour, fire-rated, tight-fitting to permit voice transmission to override the fire alarm signal,
or gasketed doors. Such doors shall be of the self-closing but the fire alarm signal shall not terminate in less than three
type or of a type which will close automatically in the minutes.
manner specified in Section 715 of the California Building 314.21 Fire department system. When it is determined by test
Code. that portable fire department communication equipment is
Doors crossing corridors shall be provided with wired- ineffective, a communication system acceptable to the enforc-
glass vision panels set in approved steel frames. Doors for ing agency shall be installed within the building to permit
elevators shall not be of the open-grille type. emergency communication between fire-suppression person-
nel.
314.14 Fire alarm system. Every existing high-rise building
shall be provided with an approved fire alarm system. In 314.22 Interior wall and ceiling finish. Interior wall and
department stores, retail sales stores and similar occupancies ceiling finish of exitways shall conform to the provisions of
where the general public is admitted, such systems shall be of Chapter 8 of the California Building Code. Where the materi-
a type capable of alerting staff and employees. In office build- als used in such finishes do not conform to the provisions of
ings and all other high-rise buildings, such systems shall be Chapter 8 of the California Building Code, such finishes may
of a type capable of alerting all occupants simultaneously. be surfaced with an approved fire-retardant coating.
Exceptions: 314.23 Ventilation. Natural or mechanical ventilation for the
removal of products of combustion shall be provided in every
1. In areas of public assemblage, the type and location story of an existing high-rise building. Such ventilation shall
of audible appliances shall be as determined by the be any one or combination of the following: Panels or win-
enforcing agency. dows in the exterior wall which can be opened. Such venting
2. When acceptable to the enforcing agency, the occu- facilities shall be provided at the rate of at least 20 square
pant voice notification system required by Section feet (1.86 m2) of opening per 50 lineal feet (15 240 lineal mm)
314.20 may be used in lieu of the fire alarm system of exterior wall in each story, distributed around the perime-
required by Section 314.14. ter at not more than 50-foot (15 240 mm) intervals on at least
two sides of the building. Approved fixed tempered glass may
314.15 Existing systems. Existing fire systems, when accept- be used in lieu of openable panels or windows. When only
able to the enforcing agency, shall be deemed as conforming selected panels or windows are of tempered glass, they shall
to the provisions of these regulations. For requirements for be clearly identified as required by the enforcing agency. Any
existing Group R-1 Occupancies, see Section 312.13. other design which will produce equivalent results.
314.16 Annunciation. When a new fire alarm system is 314.24 Smoke control systems. Existing air-circulation sys-
installed, it shall be connected to an annunciator panel tems shall be provided with an override switch in a location
installed in a location approved by the enforcing agency. For approved by the enforcing agency which will allow for the
purposes of annunciation, zoning shall be in accordance with manual control of shutdown of the systems.
Section 907.6.3 of the California Building Code.
Exception: Systems which serve only a single floor, or
314.17 Monitoring. Shall be in accordance with Section
portion thereof, without any penetration by ducts or other
907.6.5 of the California Building Code.
means into adjacent floors.
314.18 Systems interconnection. When an automatic fire
314.25 Elevator recall smoke detection. Smoke detectors for
detection system or automatic extinguishing system is
emergency operation of elevators shall be provided as
installed, activation of such system shall cause the sounding
required by Section 3003 of the California Building Code.
of the fire alarm notification appliances at locations desig-
nated by the enforcing agency. 314.26 Exit signs and illumination. Exits and stairways shall
be provided with exit signs and illumination as required by
314.19 Manual fire alarm boxes. A manual fire alarm box
Sections 1011.1 and 1011.2 of the California Building Code.
shall be provided in the locations designated by the enforcing
agency. Such locations shall be where boxes are readily 314.27 Automatic sprinkler system–Existing high-rise build-
accessible and visible and in normal paths of daily travel by ings. Regardless of any other provisions of these regulations,
occupants of the building. every existing high-rise building of Type II-B, Type III-B or

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 43

PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

Type V-B construction shall be provided with an approved Code is installed, a separate fire alarm system as specified
automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA 13. in this section need not be provided.

SECTION 315 SECTION 316

EXISTING GROUP I OCCUPANCIES [SFM] EXISTING GROUP L OCCUPANCIES [SFM]
315.1 General. Existing buildings housing existing protective 316.1 Repairs general. Additions, alterations or repairs may
social-care homes or facilities established prior to March 4, be made to any building or structure without requiring the
1972 may have their use continued if they conform, or are existing building or structure to comply with all the require-
made to conform, to the following provisions: ments of this code section, provided the addition, alteration, or
repair conforms to the requirements of this section.
315.2 Use of floors. The use of floor levels in buildings of
Type III, IV or V nonfire-rated construction may be as fol- 316.2 Unsafe condition. Additions, repairs or alterations
lows: Nonambulatory—first floor only; Ambulatory—not shall not be made to an existing building or structure that
higher than the third-floor level, provided walls and parti- will cause the existing building or structure to be in viola-
tions are constructed of materials equal in fireresistive qual- tion of any of the provisions of this code, nor shall such
ity to that of wood lath and plaster in good repair and all additions or alterations cause the existing building or struc-
walls are firestopped at each floor level. ture to become unsafe, or to be in violation of any of the
provisions of this code. An unsafe condition shall be deemed
315.3 Enclosure of exits and vertical openings. Except for
to have been created if an addition or alteration will cause
two-story structures housing ambulatory guests, all interior
the existing building or structure to become structurally
stairs shall be enclosed in accordance with Chapter 10 of the
unsafe or overloaded; will not provide adequate egress in
California Building Code. In lieu of stairway enclosures,
compliance with the provisions of this code or will obstruct
floor separations or smoke barriers may be provided in such
existing exits; will create a fire hazard; will reduce required
a manner that fire and smoke will not spread rapidly to floors
fire resistance or will otherwise create conditions danger-
above or otherwise impair exit facilities. In these instances,
ous to human life.
floor separations or smoke barriers shall have a fire resis-
tance equal to not less than 1/2-inch (13 mm) gypsum wall 316.3 Changes in use or occupancy. Any buildings that have
board on each side of wood studs with openings protected by alternations or additions, which involves a change in use or
not less than a 13/4-inch (44.5 mm) solid bonded wood-core occupancy, shall not exceed the height, number of stories and
door of the self-closing type. All other vertical openings shall area permitted for new buildings
be enclosed in accordance with the provisions of Section
316.4 Buildings not in compliance with code. Additions or
314.6 and 314.13.
alterations shall not be made to an existing building or struc-
315.4 Exit access. Each floor or portion thereof of buildings ture when such existing building or structure is not in full
used for the housing of existing protective social-care homes compliance with the provisions of this code except when such
or facilities shall have access to not less than two exits in addition or alteration will result in the existing building or
such a manner as to furnish egress from the building or struc- structure being no more hazardous, based on life safety, fire
ture in the event of an emergency substantially equivalent to safety and sanitation, than before such additions or alter-
the provisions of Chapter 10 of the California Building Code. ations are undertaken.
315.5 Corridor openings. Openings from rooms to interior 316.5 Maintenance of structural and fire resistive integrity.
corridors shall be protected by not less than 13/4-inch (44.5 Alterations or repairs to an existing building or structure that
mm) solid-bonded wood-core doors. Transoms and other are nonstructural and do not adversely affect any structural
similar openings shall be sealed with materials equivalent to member of any part of the building or structure having
existing corridor wall construction. required fire resistance may be made with the same materials
of which the building or structure is constructed. The instal-
315.6 Interior finishes. Interior wall and ceiling finishes
lation or replacement of glass shall be as required for new
shall conform to the requirements for a Group R-1 Occu-
installations.
pancy as specified in Chapter 8 of the California Building
Code. 316.6 Continuation of existing use. Buildings in existence at
the time of the adoption of this code may have their existing
315.7 Automatic fire sprinklers. Automatic sprinkler systems
use or occupancy continued if such use or occupancy was
shall be installed in existing protective social-care occupan-
legal at the time of the adoption of this code, provided such
cies in accordance with the provisions of Section 903.2.6 of
continued use is not dangerous to life.
the California Building Code.
316.7 Maximum allowable quantities. Laboratory suites
315.8 Fire alarm systems. Automatic fire alarm systems shall
approved prior to January 1, 2008 shall not exceed the
be installed in existing protective social-care homes or facili-
maximum allowable quantities listed in Tables 316.1 and
ties in accordance with the provisions of Section 907.2.6 of
316.2.
the California Building Code.
Exception: When an approved automatic sprinkler system
conforming to Section 903.2.6 of the California Building

44 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

TABLE 316.7(1)
EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, LIQUIDS AND CHEMICALS
PRESENTING A PHYSICAL HAZARD BASIC QUANTITIES PER LABORATORY SUITE1
When two units are given, values within parentheses are in cubic feet (cu. ft) or pounds (lb)
CONDITION STORAGE USE CLOSED SYSTEMS USE OPEN SYSTEMS
Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid
Gas Gas Gas
MATERIAL CLASS Pounds Gallons Pounds Gallons Pounds Gallons
(cu. ft) (cu. ft) (cu. ft)
(cu. ft) (lb) (cu. ft) (lb) (cu. ft) (lb)
II — 1202 — — 120 — 30 —
1.1 Combustible liquid II-A — 3302 — — 330 — 80 —
III-B — 13,2002 — — 13,200 — 3,300 —
1.2 Combustible dust lbs./1000 cu. ft. 1 — — 1 — — 1 — —
1.3 Combustible fiber
(loose) (100) — — (100) — — (20) — —
(baled) (1,000) — — (1,000) — — (200) — —
1.4 Cryogenic, flammable or oxidizing 45 — 45 — 10 —
2.1 Explosives 12 (1)2 — 1
/4 (1/4) — 1
/4 (1/4) —
3.1 Flammable solid 1252 — — 25 — — 25 — —
3.2. Flammable gas
(gaseous) — — 7502 — — 7502 — — —
(liquefied) — 152 — — 152 — — — —
I-A — 302 — — 30 — — 10 —
3.3 Flammable liquid Combination I-B — 602 — — 60 — — 15 —
I-A, I-B, I-C I-C — 902 — — 90 — — 20 —
— 1202 — — 120 — — 30 —
4.1 Organic peroxide, unclassified
12 (1)2 — 1
/4 (1/4) — 1
/4 (1/4) —
detonatable
2 2
I 5 (5) — (1) (1) — 1 1 —
II 502 (50)2 — 50 (50) — 10 (10) —
4.2 Organic peroxide III 1252 (125)2 — 125 (125) — 25 (25) —
IV 500 (500) — 500 (500) — 100 (100) —
V N.L. N.L. — N.L. N.L. — N.L. N.L. —
4 12 (1)2 — 1 2
/
4 (1/4) — 1
/4 (1/4) —
3 102 (10)2 — 2 (2) — 2 (2) —
4.3 Oxidizer
2 2502 (250)2 — 50 (250) — 50 (50) —
2
1 1,000 (1,000)2 — 1,000 (1,000) — 200 (200) —
4.4 Oxidizer.Gas
(gaseous) — — 1,5002 — — 1,5002 — — —
(liquefied) — 152 — — 152 — — — —
5.1 Pyrophoric 42 (4)2 502 1 (1) 102 0 0 0
2 2 2 1 1
4 1 (1) 10 /4 ( /4) 22 1
/4 (1/4) 0
3 52 (5)2 502 1 (1) 102 1 (1) 0
6.1 Unstable (reactive) 2 2 2
2 50 (50) 250 50 (50) 2502 10 (10) 0
1 1252 (125)2 7502 125 (125) 7502 25 (25) 0
3 52 (5)2 — 5 (5) — 1 (1) —
7.1 Water (reactive) 2 502 (50)2 — 50 (50) — 10 (10) —
2
1 125 (125)2 — 125 (125)2 — 25 (25) —
1. A laboratory suite is a space up to 10,000 square feet (929 m2) bounded by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation within which the
exempt amounts of hazardous materials may be stored, dispensed, handled or used. Up through the third floor and down through the first basement floor, the
quantity in this table shall apply. Fourth, fifth and sixth floors and the second and third basement floor level quantity shall be reduced to 75 percent of this
table. The seventh through 10th floor and below the third basement floor level quantity shall be reduced to 50 percent of this table.
2. Quantities may be increased 100 percent when stored in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or fume hoods.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 45

PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

TABLE 316.7(2)
EXEMPT AMOUNTS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, LIQUIDS AND CHEMICALS
PRESENTING A PHYSICAL HAZARD BASIC QUANTITIES PER LABORATORY SUITE1
When two units are given, values within parentheses are in pounds (lbs.)
STORAGE USE CLOSED SYSTEMS USE OPEN SYSTEMS
Liquid Gas Liquid Gas Liquid
Solid lb Solid lb Solid lb
MATERIAL Gallons (lb) cu. ft Gallons (lb) (cu. ft) Gallons (lb)
1. Corrosives 5,000 500 6502 5,000 500 650 1,000 100
2a. Highly toxics2 40 10 65 5 1 65 2 1
/4
2b. Toxics 500 50 6502 500 50 650 5 1
/2
3. Irritants 5,000 500 650 5,000 500 650 1,000 100
4. Sensitizers 5,000 500 650 5,000 500 650 1,000 100
5. Other health hazards 5,000 500 650 5,000 500 650 1,000 100
1. A laboratory suite is a space up to 10,000 square feet (929 m2) bounded by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation within which the
exempt amounts of hazardous materials may be stored, dispensed, handled or used. Up through the third floor and down through the first basement floor, the
quantity in this table shall apply. Fourth, fifth and sixth floors and the second and third basement floor level quantity shall be reduced to 75 percent of this
table. The seventh through 10th floor and below the third basement floor level quantity shall be reduced to 50 percent of this table.
2. Permitted only when stored or used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or fume hoods. Quantities of high toxics in use in open systems
need not be reduced above the third floor or below the first basement floor level. Individual container size shall be limited to 2 pounds (0.91 kg) for solids and
1
/4 gallon (0.95 L) for liquids.

SECTION 317 the State Architect-Structural Safety/Community Colleges

EARTHQUAKE EVALUATION AND DESIGN [DSA-SS/CC], refer to Section 1.9.2.2.
FOR RETROFIT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS The provisions of Section 317 through 323 also estab-
317.1 Purpose. lish minimum standards for earthquake evaluation and
317.1.1 Existing state-owned structures. [BSC] The pro- design for rehabilitation of existing community college
visions of Sections 317 through 322 establish minimum buildings currently under the jurisdiction of DSA-SS/CC.
standards for earthquake evaluation and design for retro- 317.1.3.1 Reference to other chapters. For community
fit of existing state-owned structures, including buildings colleges, where reference within this chapter is made to
owned by the University of California and the California sections in Chapters 17 or 18, of the California Build-
State University. ing Code, the provisions in Chapters 17A and 18A, of
The provisions of Sections 317 through 323 may be the California Building Code respectively shall apply
adopted by a local jurisdiction for earthquake evaluation instead.
and design for retrofit of existing buildings. 317.2 Scope. All modifications, structurally connected addi-
317.1.2 Public school buildings. [DSA-SS] The provi- tions and/or repairs to existing structures or portions thereof
sions of Sections 317 through 323 establish minimum shall, at a minimum, be designed and constructed to resist the
standards for earthquake evaluation and design for the effects of seismic ground motions as provided in this section.
rehabilitation of existing buildings for use as public The structural system shall be evaluated by a registered
school buildings under the jurisdiction of the Division of design professional and, if not meeting or exceeding the min-
the State Architect-Structural Safety [DSA-SS], refer to imum seismic design performance requirements of this sec-
Section 1.9.2.1. tion, shall be retrofitted in compliance with these
requirements.
The provisions of Section 317 through 323 also estab-
lish minimum standards for earthquake evaluation and Exception: Those structures for which Section 317.3
design for rehabilitation of existing public buildings cur- determines that assessment is not required, or for which
rently under the jurisdiction of DSA-SS. Section 317.4 determines that retrofit is not needed, then
only the requirements of Section 317.11 apply.
317.1.2.1 Reference to other chapters. For public
schools, where reference within this chapter is made to 317.3 Applicability.
sections in Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 or 22, of the 317.3.1 Existing state-owned buildings. [BSC] For exist-
California Building Code, the provisions in Chapters ing state-owned structures including all buildings owned
16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, 21A and 22A, of the California by the University of California and the California State
Building Code, respectively shall apply instead. University, the requirements of Section 317 apply when-
317.1.3 Community college buildings. [DSA-SS/CC] The ever the structure is to be retrofitted, repaired or modified
provisions of Sections 317 through 323 establish minimum and any of the following apply:
standards for earthquake evaluation and design for the 1. Total construction cost, not including cost of fur-
rehabilitation of existing buildings for use as community nishings, fixtures and equipment, or normal mainte-
college buildings under the jurisdiction of the Division of nance, for the building exceeds 25 percent of the
construction cost for the replacement of the existing

46 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

building. The changes are cumulative for past modi- Method B of Section 321 is used, concur, then no structural
fications to the building that occurred after adoption retrofit is required.
of the 1995 California Building Code and did not 317.5 Minimum seismic design performance levels for
require seismic retrofit. structural and nonstructural components. Following the
2. There are changes in risk category. notations of ASCE 41, the seismic requirements for design
3. The modification to the structural components and assessment are based upon a prescribed Earthquake
increases the seismic forces in or strength require- Hazard Level (BSE-1N, BSE-2N, BSE-1E, BSE-R or BSE-
ments of any structural component of the existing C), a specified structural performance level (S-1 through S-
structure by more than 10 percent cumulative since 5) and a non-structural performance level (N-A through N-
the original construction, unless the component has D). The minimum seismic performance criteria are given in
the capacity to resist the increased forces deter- Table 317.5 according to the Building Regulatory Authority
mined in accordance with Section 319. If the build- and the Risk Category as determined in Chapter 16 of the
ing's seismic base shear capacity has been increased California Building Code or by the regulatory authority.
since the original construction, the percent change The building shall be evaluated in accordance with a Tier 3
in base shear may be calculated relative to the Systematic Evaluation and Retrofit per ASCE 41 Chapter 6
increased value. for both the Level 1 and Level 2 performance levels, and the
more restrictive requirements shall apply. >
4. Structural elements need repair where the damage
has reduced the lateral-load-resisting capacity of Exception: If the floor area of an addition is greater than
the structural system by more than 10 percent. the larger of 50 percent of the floor area of the original
building or 1,000 square feet (93 m2), then the Table 317.5
5. Changes in live or dead load increase story shear by entries for BSE-R (or BSE-1E) and BSE-C are replaced by
more than 10 percent. BSE-1N and BSE-2N, respectively.
317.3.2 Public school buildings. [DSA-SS] For public 317.6 Retrofit required. Where the evaluation indicates the
schools, the provisions of Section 317 apply when building does not meet the required performance objectives
required in accordance with Sections 4-307 and 4-309(c) of this section, the owner shall take appropriate steps to
of the California Administrative Code. ensure that the building’s structural system is retrofitted in
317.3.3 Community college buildings. [DSA-SS/CC] For accordance with the provisions of Section 317. Appropriate
community colleges, the provisions of Section 317 apply steps are either: 1) undertake the seismic retrofit as part of
when required in accordance with Sections 4-307 and 4- the additions, modifications and/or repairs of the structure;
309(c) of the California Administrative Code. or 2) provide a plan, acceptable to the building official, to
317.4 Evaluation required. If the criteria in Section 317.3 complete the seismic retrofit in a timely manner. The reloca-
apply to the project under consideration, the design profes- tion or moving of an existing building is considered to be an
sional of record shall provide an evaluation in accordance alteration requiring filing of the plans and specifications
with Section 317 to determine the seismic performance of the approved by the building official.
building in its current configuration and condition. If the 317.7 The additions, modification or repair to any existing
structure's seismic performance as required by Section 317.5 building are permitted to be prepared in accordance with the
is evaluated as satisfactory and the peer reviewer(s), when requirements for a new building, Chapter 16 of the Califor-
nia Building Code, applied to the entire building.

TABLE 317.5
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS BY BUILDING REGULATORY AUTHORITY AND RISK CATEGORY.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Building Regulatory Authority Risk Category Level 1 Level 2
State-Owned [BSC] I, II, III BSE-R, S-3, N-C BSE-C, S-5, N-D
State-Owned [BSC] IV BSE-R, S-2, N-B BSE-C, S-4, N-D
Division of the State Architect - [DSA-SS] I BSE-1N, S-3, N-B BSE-2N, S-5, N-D
Division of the State Architect - [DSA-SS] II, III BSE-1N, S-2, N-B BSE-2N, S-4, N-D
Division of the State Architect - [DSA-SS] IV BSE-1N, S-2, N-A BSE-2N, S-4, N-D
Division of the State Architect - [DSA-SS/CC] I, II BSE-1E, S-3, N-C BSE-2N, S-5, N-D
Division of the State Architect - [DSA-SS/CC] III BSE-1E, S-3, N-B BSE-2N, S-5, N-D
Division of the State Architect - [DSA-SS/CC] IV BSE-1E, S-2, N-B BSE-2N, S-4, N-D
1. ASCE 41 provides acceptance criteria (e.g. m, rotation) for Immediate Occupancy (S1), Life Safety (S3), and Collapse Prevention (S5), and specifies in >
Section 2.3.1.2.1 and 2.3.1.4.1 the method to interpolate values for S-2 and S-4, respectively. >
For nonstructural components, N-A corresponds to the Operational level, N-B to the Position Retention, and N-C to the Life Safety level, and N-D to the Not >
Considered.
2. Buildings evaluated and retrofitted to meet the requirements for a new building, Chapter 16 of the California Building Code, in accordance with the exception
in Section 319.1, are deemed to meet the seismic performance requirements of this section.

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PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

317.8 The requirements of ASCE 41 Chapter 14 are to apply responsibility for agency or organization compliance with the
to the use of seismic isolation or passive energy systems for requirements of this code.
the repair, modification or retrofit of an existing structure. METHOD A refers to the procedures prescribed in Section
When seismic isolation or passive energy dissipation is used, 320.
the project must have project peer review as prescribed in
Section 322. METHOD B refers to the procedures allowed in Section 321.
317.9 Any construction required by this chapter shall include MODIFICATIONS. For this chapter, modification is taken
structural observation by the registered design professional to include repairs to structures that have been damaged.
who is responsible for the structural design in accordance N-A, N-B, N-C, N-D are seismic nonstructural component
>
with Section 319.10. performance measures as defined in ASCE 41. N-A corre-
317.10 Where Method B of Section 321 is used or is required sponds to the highest performance level, and N-C the lowest,
by Section 319.7, the proposed method of building evaluation while N-D is not considered.
and design procedures must be accepted by the building offi- PEER REVIEW refers to the procedures contained in Sec-
cial prior to the commencement of the work. tion 322.
317.11 Voluntary lateral-force-resisting system modifica- REPAIR as used in this chapter means the design and con-
tions. Where the exception of Section 317.2 applies, modifi- struction work undertaken to restore or enhance the structural
cations of existing structural components and additions of and nonstructural load-resisting system participating in the
new structural components that are initiated for the purpose lateral response and stability of a structure that has experi-
of improving the seismic performance of an existing structure enced damage from earthquakes or other destructive events.
and that are not required by other portions of this chapter are
S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4, S-5, S-6 are seismic structural perfor-
permitted under the requirements of Section 319.12.
mance measures as defined in ASCE 41. S-1 corresponds to
the highest performance level, and S-5 the lowest, while S-6
SECTION 318 is not considered.
DEFINITIONS SPECIFIC PROCEDURES are the procedures listed in Sec-
318.1 In addition to the definitions given in Section 202, for tion 319.1.1.
the purposes of Sections 317 through 323, certain terms are STRUCTURAL REPAIRS are any changes affecting exist-
defined as follows: ing or requiring new structural components primarily
ADDITION means any work that increases the floor or roof intended to correct the effects of damage, deterioration or
area or the volume of enclosed space of an existing building, impending or actual failure, regardless of cause.
and is structurally attached to the existing building by con-
nections that are required for transmitting vertical or hori-
SECTION 319
zontal loads between the addition and the existing structure.
SEISMIC CRITERIA SELECTION
ALTERATION means any change within or to an existing FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
building, which does not increase and may decrease the floor 319.1 Basis for evaluation and design. This section deter-
or roof area or the volume of enclosed space. mines what technical approach is to be used for the seismic
BSE-C RESPONSE ACCELERATION PARAMETERS evaluation and design for existing buildings. For those build-
[BSC] are the parameters (SXS and SX1) taken from 5-percent/ ings or portions of buildings for which Section 317 requires
50-year maximum direction spectral response acceleration action, the procedures and limitations for the evaluation of
curves or by a Site Specific Response Spectrum developed in existing buildings and design of retrofit systems and/or repair
accordance with ASCE 41, Section 2.4.2.1. thereof shall be implemented in accordance with this section.
BSE-R RESPONSE ACCELERATION PARAMETERS One of the following approaches must be used:
[BSC] are the parameters (SXS and SX1) taken from 20-percent 1. Method A of Section 320;
/50-year maximum direction spectral response acceleration
curves or by a Site Specific Response Spectrum developed in 2. Method B of Section 321, with independent review of a
accordance with ASCE 41, Section 2.4.2.1. peer reviewer as required in Section 322; or
BUILDING OFFICIAL is that individual within the agency 3. For state-owned buildings only, the use of one of the
or organization charged with responsibility for compliance specific procedures listed in Section 319.1.1.
with the requirements of this code. For some agencies this When Method B is chosen it must be approved by the
person is termed the “enforcement agent.” building official, and, where applicable, by the peer
DESIGN is the procedure that includes both the evaluation reviewer. All referenced standards in ASCE 41 shall be
and retrofit design of an existing component, element or replaced by referenced standards listed in Chapter 35 of
structural system, and design of a new component, element or the California Building Code.
structural system. Exceptions:
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (Authority Having Jurisdiction 1. [BSC] For buildings constructed to the require-
in ASCE 41) is the agency or organization charged with ments of California Building Code, 2007 or later

48 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

edition as adopted by the governing jurisdiction, review of geotechnical and engineering geologic reports, and
that code is permitted to be used in place of those performance of necessary testing and investigation. Where
specified in Section 319.1. samples from the existing structure are taken or in situ tests
2. [DSA-SS & DSA-SS/CC] For public schools and are performed, they shall be selected and interpreted in a sta-
community colleges constructed to the require- tistically appropriate manner to ensure that the properties
ments of California Building Code, 2007 or later determined and used in the evaluation or design are repre-
edition, that code is permitted to be used in place sentative of the conditions and structural circumstances
of those specified in Section 319.1 provided the likely to be encountered in the structure as a whole. Adjacent
building complies with Seismic Design Category structures or site features that may affect the retrofit design
D or higher. shall be identified.
319.1.1 Specific procedures. [BSC] For state-owned The entire load path of the seismic-force-resisting system
buildings, the following specific procedures located in shall be determined, documented and evaluated. The load
Appendix A may be used, without peer review, for their path includes all the horizontal and vertical elements partici-
respective types of construction to comply with the seismic pating in the structural response: such as diaphragms, dia-
performance requirements for Risk Category I, II or III phragm chords, diaphragm collectors, vertical elements such
buildings: as walls frames, braces; foundations and the connections
between the components and elements of the load path.
1. Seismic Strengthening Provisions for Unreinforced
Repaired or retrofitted elements and the standards under
> Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings (Chapter A1).
which the work was constructed shall be identified.
2. Prescriptive Provisions for Seismic Strengthening of
Cripple Walls and Sill Plate Anchorage of Light Data collection in accordance with ASCE 41 Section 6.2
shall meet the following minimum levels:
> Wood-Frame, Residential Buildings (Chapter A3).
3. Earthquake Hazard Reduction in Existing Rein- 1. [BSC] For state-owned buildings, the requirements
forced Concrete and Reinforced Masonry Wall shall be met following the data collection requirements
> Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms (Chapter A2). of ASCE 41, Section 6.2.
319.1.2 When a design project is begun under Method B 2. [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] For public schools and com-
the selection of the peer reviewer is subject to the munity college buildings constructed in conformance
approval of the building official. Following approval by with the Field Act, the “Usual” level as defined in
the peer reviewer, the seismic criteria for the project and ASCE 41, Section 6.2.2.
the planned evaluation provisions must be approved by the 3. [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] For public schools and com-
building official. The approved seismic criteria and evalu- munity college buildings not constructed in confor-
ation provisions shall apply. Upon approval of the build- mance with the Field Act, the “Comprehensive” level
ing official these are permitted to be modified. as defined in ASCE 41, Section6.2.3.
319.1.3 For state-owned and community college build-
Concrete material requirements and testing for public
ings, where unreinforced masonry is not bearing, it may
school and community college buildings shall also comply
be used only to resist applied lateral loads. Where unrein-
with Sections 1911A and 1909.5 of the California Building
forced masonry walls are part of the structure they must
Code, respectively.
be assessed for stability under the applicable nonstruc-
tural evaluation procedure. Qualified test data from the original construction may be
319.1.4 Public schools. [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] For pub- accepted, in part or in whole, by the enforcement agency to
lic schools, unreinforced masonry shall not be used to fulfill the data collection requirements.
resist in-plane or out-of-plane seismic forces or superim- Exceptions:
posed gravity loads.
1. The number of samples for data collection may be
319.1.5 Public schools. [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] For pub- adjusted with approval of the enforcement agency
lic schools of light-frame construction, horizontal dia- when it has been determined that adequate informa-
phragms and vertical shear walls shall consist of either tion has been obtained or additional information is
diagonal lumber sheathing or structural panel sheathing. required.
Braced horizontal diaphragms may be acceptable when
approved by DSA. Straight lumber sheathing may be used 2. Welded steel moment frame connections of buildings
in combination with diagonal or structural panel sheath- that may have experienced potentially damaging
ing as diaphragms or shear walls. Let-in bracing, plaster ground motions shall be inspected in accordance
(stucco), hollow clay tile, gypsum wallboard and particle- with Chapters 3 and 4, FEMA 352, Recommended
board sheathing shall not be assumed to resist seismic Post Earthquake Evaluation and Repair Criteria for
forces. Welded Moment-Frame Construction for Seismic
Applications (July 2000).
319.2 Existing conditions. The existing condition and prop-
erties of the entire structure must be determined and docu- Where original building plans and specifications are not
mented by thorough inspection of the structure and site, available, “as-built” plans shall be prepared that depict the
review of all available related construction documents, existing vertical and lateral structural systems, exterior ele-

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 49

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

ments, foundations and nonstructural systems in sufficient by modifying or supplementing its strength so that it exceeds
detail to complete the design. the demand, or the demand is reduced to less than the exist-
Data collection shall be directed and observed by the proj- ing strength by making other modifications to the structural
ect structural engineer or design professional in charge of system.
the design. Exception: A component’s strength is permitted to be less
319.3 Site geology and soil characteristics. Soil profile shall than that required by the specified seismic load combina-
be assigned in accordance with the requirements of Chapter tions if it can be demonstrated that the associated reduc-
18 of the California Building Code. tion in seismic performance of the component or its
removal due to the failure does not result in a structural
319.4 Risk categories. For purposes of earthquake-resistant system that does not comply with the required perfor-
design, each structure shall be placed in one of the risk cate- mance objectives of Section 317. If this exception is taken
gories in accordance with the requirements of the California for a component, then it cannot be considered part of the
Building Code. primary lateral-load- resisting system.
319.5 Configuration requirements. Each structure shall be
319.9 Nonstructural component requirements. Where the
designated structurally regular or irregular in accordance
nonstructural performance levels required by Section 317,
with the requirements of ASCE 41, Sections 7.3.1.1.1 to
Table 317.5 are N-C or higher, mechanical, electrical and
7.3.1.1.4.
plumbing components shall comply with the provisions of
319.6 General selection of the design method. The require- ASCE 41, Chapter 13, Section 13.2.
ments of Method B (Section 321) may be used for any existing
building. Exception: Modifications to the procedures and criteria
may be made subject to approval by the building official,
319.7 Prescriptive selection of the design method. The and concurrence of the peer reviewer if applicable. All
requirements of Method A (Section 320) or the specific pro- reports and correspondence shall also be forwarded to the
cedures for applicable building types given in Section 319.1.1 building official.
are permitted to be used except under the following condi-
tions, where the requirements of Method B (Section 321) must 319.10 Structural observation, testing and inspection. Struc-
be used. tural, geotechnical and construction observation, testing and
inspection as used in this section shall mean meeting the
319.7.1 When the building contains prestressed or post- requirements of Chapter 17 of the California Building Code,
tensioned structural components (beams, columns, walls with a minimum allowable level of investigation correspond-
or slabs) or contains precast structural components ing to seismic design category (SDC) D. At a minimum the
(beams, columns, walls or flooring systems). project site will be visited by the responsible design profes-
319.7.2When the building is classified as irregular in ver- sional to observe existing conditions and to review the con-
> tical or horizontal plan by application of ASCE 7, Section struction work for general compliance with approved plans,
12.3 and/or ASCE 41, Sections 7.3.1.1.1 to 7.3.1.1.4, specifications and applicable structural regulations. Such
unless the irregularity is demonstrated not to affect the visits shall occur at significant construction stages and at the
seismic performance of the building. completion of the structural retrofit. Structural observation
Exception: If the retrofit design removes the configura- shall be provided for all structures. The plan for testing and
tional attributes that caused the building to be classi- inspection shall be submitted to the building official for
fied as irregular, then Section 319.7.2 does not apply review and approval with the application for permit.
and Method A may be used. Additional requirements: For public schools and commu-
319.7.3 For any building that is assigned to Risk Category nity colleges, construction material testing, inspection and
IV. observation during construction shall also comply with
Section 4-333 of the California Administrative Code.
319.7.4 For any building using undefined or hybrid struc-
tural systems. 319.10.1 The registered design professional, or their des-
319.7.5 When seismic isolation or energy dissipation sys- ignee, responsible for the structural design shall be
tems are used in the retrofit or repair, either as part of the retained to perform structural observation and inde-
existing structure or as part of the modifications. pendently report to the owner of observations and findings
as they relate to adherence to the permitted plans and
319.7.6 When the height of the structure exceeds 240 feet good workmanship.
(73 152 mm).
319.10.2 At the conclusion of construction, the structural
319.7.7 When ASCE 41 is the evaluation standard and its observer shall submit to the enforcement agency and the
application requires the use of nonlinear procedures. owner a final written statement that the required site visits
319.8 Strength requirements. All components of the lateral- have been made, that the work, to the best of the structural
force-resisting system must have the strength to meet the observers knowledge and belief, is or is not in general
> acceptance criteria prescribed in ASCE 41, Chapter 7 or as conformity to the approved plans and that the observed
prescribed in the applicable Appendix A chapter of this code structural deficiencies have been resolved and/or listing
if a specific procedure in Section 319.1.1 is used. Any compo- those that, to the best of the structural observers knowl-
nent not having this strength shall have its capacity increased edge and belief, have not been satisfactorily corrected.

50 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

319.10.2.1 The requirement for structural observation 319.12.1 State-owned buildings. [BSC] Voluntary modifi-
shall be noted and prominently displayed on the front cations to lateral force-resisting systems conducted in
sheet of the approved plans and incorporated into the accordance with Appendix A of this code and the refer-
general notes on the approved plans. enced standards of the California Building Code shall be
permitted.
319.10.2.2 Preconstruction meeting. A preconstruc-
tion meeting is mandatory for all projects which 319.12.1.1 Design documents. [BSC] When Section
require structural observation. The meeting shall 319.12 is the basis for structural modifications, the
include, but is not limited to, the registered design pro- approved design documents must clearly state the
fessional, structural observer, general constructor, scope of the seismic modifications and the accepted cri-
affected subcontractors, the project inspector and a teria for the design. The approved design documents
representative of the enforcement agency (designated must clearly have the phrase “The seismic require-
alternates may attend if approved by the structural ments of the California Existing Building Code have
observer). The structural observer shall schedule and not been checked to determine if these structural modi-
coordinate this meeting. The purpose of the meeting is fications meet the full seismic evaluation and strength-
to identify and clarify all essential structural compo- ening requirements of Sections 317-322: the
nents and connections that affect the lateral and verti- modifications proposed are to a different seismic per-
cal load systems and to review scheduling of the formance standard than would be required in Section
required observations for the project’s structural sys- 319 if they were not voluntary as allowed in Section
tem retrofit. 319.12.”
319.11 Temporary actions. When compatible with the build- 319.12.2 Public schools and community colleges. [DSA-
ing use, and the time phasing for both use and the retrofit SS, DSA-SS/CC] When Section 319.12 is the basis for
program, temporary shoring or other structural support is structural modifications, the approved design documents
permitted to be considered. Temporary bracing, shoring and must clearly indicate the scope of modifications and the
prevention of falling hazards are permitted to be used to acceptance criteria for the design.
qualify for Exception 1 in Section 319.12 that allows inade-
quate capability in some existing components, as long as the
required performance levels given in Section 317 can be pro- SECTION 320
vided by the permanent structure. The consideration for such METHOD A
temporary actions shall be noted in the design documents. 320.1 General. The retrofit design shall employ the Linear
Static or Linear Dynamic Procedures of ASCE 41, Section
319.12 Voluntary modifications to the lateral-force resisting
7.4.1 or 7.4.2, and comply with the applicable general
system. Where modifications of existing structural compo-
requirements of ASCE 41, Chapters 6 and 7. The earthquake
nents and additions of new structural components are initi-
hazard level and performance level given specified in Section
ated for the purpose of improving the lateral-force resisting
317.5 for the building’s risk category shall be used. Struc-
strength or stiffness of an existing structure and they are not
tures shall be designed for seismic forces coming from any
required by other sections of this code, then they are permit-
horizontal direction. >
ted to be designed to meet an approved seismic performance
criteria provided that an engineering analysis is submitted
that follows: SECTION 321
1. The capacity of existing structural components METHOD B
required to resist forces is not reduced, unless it can be 321.1 The existing or retrofitted structure shall be demon-
demonstrated that reduced capacity meets the require- strated to have the capability to sustain the deformation
ments of Section 319.8. response due to the specified earthquake ground motions and
2. The lateral loading to or strength requirement of exist- meet the seismic performance requirements of Section 317.
ing structural components is not increased beyond their The registered design professional shall provide an evalua-
capacity. tion of the response of the existing structure in its modified
configuration and condition to the ground motions specified.
3. New structural components are detailed and connected If the building’s seismic performance is evaluated as satisfac-
to the existing structural components as required by the tory and the peer reviewer(s,) and the enforcement agency
California Building Code. concurs, then no further structural modifications of the lat-
4. New or relocated nonstructural components are eral load-resisting system are required.
detailed and connected to existing or new structural When the evaluation indicates the building does not meet
components as required by the California Building the required performance levels given in Table 317.5 for the
Code. risk category, then a retrofit and/or repair design shall be
prepared that provides a structure that meets these perfor-
5. A dangerous condition is not created. mance objectives and reflects the appropriate consideration
Use of ASCE 41 Tier 1 and Tier 2 deficiency only retrofit of existing conditions. Any approach to analysis and design is
procedures are pre-approved for use where Section 317.3 permitted to be used, provided that the approach shall be
does not require an assessment. rational, shall be consistent with the established principals of

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 51

PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

mechanics and shall use the known performance characteris- SECTION 322
tics of materials and assemblages under reversing loads typi- PEER REVIEW REQUIREMENTS
cal of severe earthquake ground motions. 322.1 General. Independent peer review is an objective, tech-
Exception: Further consideration of the structure’s seis- nical review by knowledgeable reviewer(s) experienced in the
mic performance may be waived by the enforcement structural design, analysis and performance issues involved.
agency if both the registered design professional and peer The reviewer(s) shall examine the available information on
reviewer(s) conclude that the structural system can be the condition of the building, the basic engineering concepts
expected to perform at least as well as required by the employed and the recommendations for action.
provisions of this section without completing an analysis 322.2 Timing of independent review. The independent
of the structure’s compliance with these requirements. A reviewer(s) shall be selected prior to initiation of substantial
detailed report shall be submitted to the responsible build- portions of the design and/or analysis work that is to be
ing official that presents the reasons and basis for this reviewed, and review shall start as soon as practical after
conclusion. This report shall be prepared by the registered Method B is adopted and sufficient information defining the
design professional. The peer reviewer(s) shall concur in project is available.
this conclusion and affirm to it in writing. The building
official shall either approve this decision or require com- 322.3 Qualifications and terms of employment. The
pletion of the indicated work specified in this section prior reviewer(s) shall be independent from the design and con-
to approval. struction team.
321.2 The approach, models, analysis procedures, assump- 322.3.1 The reviewer(s) shall have no other involvement in
tions on material and system behavior and conclusions shall the project before, during or after the review, except in a
be peer reviewed in accordance with the requirements of Sec- review capacity.
tion 322 and accepted by the peer reviewer(s). 322.3.2 The reviewer(s) shall be selected and paid by the
Exceptions: owner and shall have technical expertise in the evaluation
and retrofit of buildings similar to the one being reviewed,
1. The enforcement agency may perform the work of as determined by the enforcement agency.
peer review when qualified staff is available within
the jurisdiction. 322.3.3 The reviewer (or in the case of review teams, the
chair) shall be a California-licensed structural engineer
2. The enforcement agency may modify or waive the who is familiar with the technical issues and regulations
requirements for peer review when appropriate. governing the work to be reviewed.
321.2.1 The approach used in the development of the Exception: Other individuals with acceptable qualifi-
design shall be acceptable to the peer reviewer and the cations and experience may be a peer reviewer(s) with
enforcement agency and shall be the same method as used the approval of the building official.
in the evaluation of the building. Approaches that are spe-
322.3.4 The reviewer shall serve through completion of
cifically tailored to the type of building, construction
the project and shall not be terminated except for failure
materials and specific building characteristics may be
to perform the duties specified herein. Such termination
used, if they are acceptable to the independent peer
shall be in writing with copies to the enforcement agency,
reviewer. The use of Method A allowed procedures may
owner and the registered design professional. When a
also be used under Method B.
reviewer is terminated or resigns, a qualified replacement
321.2.2 Any method of analysis may be used, subject to shall be appointed within 10 working days, and the
acceptance by the peer reviewer(s) and the building offi- reviewer shall submit copies of all reports, notes and cor-
cial. The general requirements given in ASCE 41, Chap- respondence to the responsible building official, the owner
ters 6 and 7, shall be complied with unless exceptions are and the registered design professional within 10 working
accepted by the peer reviewer(s) and building official. Use days of such termination.
of other than ASCE 41 procedures in Method B requires
building official concurrence before implementation. 322.3.5 The peer reviewer shall have access in a timely
manner to all documents, materials and information
321.2.3 Prior to implementation, the procedures, methods, deemed necessary by the peer reviewer to complete the
material assumptions and acceptance/rejection criteria peer review.
proposed by the registered design professional will be
peer reviewed as provided in Section 322. Where nonlin- 322.4 Scope of review. Review activities shall include, where
ear procedures are used, prior to any analysis, the repre- appropriate, available construction documents, design crite-
sentation of the seismic ground motion shall be reviewed ria and representative observations of the condition of the
and approved by the peer reviewer(s) and the building structure, all inspection and testing reports, including meth-
official. ods of sampling, analytical models and analyses prepared by
the registered design professional and consultants, and the
321.2.4 The conclusions and design decisions shall be retrofit or repair design. Review shall include consideration
reviewed and accepted by the peer reviewer(s) and the
building official.

52 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE METHODS

of the proposed design approach, methods, materials, details agency shall make the final determination of the requirement
and constructability. for the design.
Changes observed during construction that affect the seis-
mic-resisting system shall be reported to the reviewer in writ-
SECTION 323
ing for review and recommendation.
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
322.5 Reports. The reviewer(s) shall prepare a written report FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITY
to the owner and building official that covers all aspects of COLLEGES [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC]
the review performed, including conclusions reached by the The requirements of Section 323 apply only to public schools
reviewer(s). Reports shall be issued after the schematic under the jurisdiction of the Division of the State Architect-
phase, during design development, and at the completion of Structural Safety (DSA-SS, refer to Section 1.9.2.1) and com-
construction documents but prior to submittal of the project munity colleges under the jurisdiction of the Division of the
plans to the enforcement agency for plan review. When State Architect-Structural Safety/Community Colleges (DSA-
acceptable to the building official, the requirement for a SS/CC, refer to Section 1.9.2.2).
report during a specific phase of the project development
may be waived. 323.1 Evaluation and design criteria report. During the
schematic phase of the project, the owner or the registered
Such reports should include, at the minimum, statements design professional in charge of the design shall prepare and
of the following: sign an Evaluation and Design Criteria Report in accordance
1. Scope of engineering design peer review with limita- with Sections 4-306 and 4-307(a) of the California Adminis-
>
tions defined. trative Code. The report shall be submitted to the DSA for
2. The status of the project documents at each review review and approval prior to proceeding with design devel-
stage. opment of the rehabilitation.

3. Ability of selected materials and framing systems to The Evaluation and Design Criteria Report shall:
meet performance criteria with given loads and config- 1. Identify the building(s) structural and nonstructural
uration. systems, potential deficiencies in the elements or
systems and the proposed method for retrofit.
4. Degree of structural system redundancy and the defor-
mation compatibility among structural and nonstruc- 2. Identify geological and site-related hazards.
tural components. 3. Propose the methodology for evaluation and retrofit
5. Basic constructability of the retrofit or repair system. design.
6. Other recommendations that would be appropriate to 4. Propose the complete program for data collection
the specific project. (Section 319.2).
7. Presentation of the conclusions of the reviewer identi- 5. Include existing or “as-built” building plans,
fying any areas that need further review, investigation reports and associated documents of the existing
and/or clarification. construction.
8. Recommendations. 323.2 Rehabilitation involving only portions of structures.
Where only a portion(s) of a structure is to be rehabilitated,
The last report prepared prior to submittal of permit docu-
the public school or community college portion of the struc-
ments to the enforcement agency shall include a statement
ture shall:
indicating that the design is in conformance with the
approved evaluation and design criteria. 1. Be seismically separated from the unrehabilitated por-
tion in accordance with Chapter 16 of the California
322.6 Response and resolutions. The registered design pro-
Building Code, or the entire structure shall be rehabili-
fessional shall review the report from the reviewer(s) and
tated in accordance with this section. For structures in
shall develop corrective actions and responses as appropri-
which the unrehabilitated portion is above or below the
ate. Changes observed during construction that affect the
school or community college portion, the entire struc-
seismic-resisting system shall be reported to the reviewer in
ture shall be rehabilitated in accordance with this divi-
writing for review and recommendations. All reports,
sion.
responses and resolutions prepared pursuant to this section
shall be submitted to the responsible enforcement agency and 2. Be retrofitted as necessary to protect the occupants
the owner along with other plans, specifications and calcula- from falling hazards of the unrehabilitated portion of
tions required. If the reviewer resigns or is terminated prior the building, and;
to completion of the project, then the reviewer shall submit 3. Be retrofitted as necessary to protect required exitways
copies of all reports, notes and correspondence to the respon- being blocked by collapse or falling hazards of the
sible building official, the owner and the registered design unrehabilitated portion.
professional within 10 working days of such termination.
322.7 Resolution of conflicts. When the conclusions and rec-
ommendations of the peer reviewer conflict with the regis-
tered design professional’s proposed design, the enforcement

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 53

54 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 4 – PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
X X X X X X
are listed below
Chapter / Section
401.1 X X X
401.1 Exception 2 X
401.1 Exception 3 X
401.1.2 X
401.4 Dangerous Conditions X
401.2 X X X
401.2.1 X X X
401.2.2 X X X
401.2.3 X X
401.3 X X
401.5 X
402.1 X X X
402.1 Exception X
402.2 X X X
402.3 X X X
402.3.1 X X X
402.4.1 X X
402.4.1 Exception X X
402.5 X
402.6 X X
403.1 X X X
403.1 Exception 3 X
403.1.1 X
403.2 X X X
403.3 X X X X X
403.3.1 X X X X X
403.4.1 X X
403.4.1 Exception X X
403.9 X X
403.11 X X
403.11.1 X X
403.11.2 X X
403.11.3 X X
403.12 X X
404.1 X X X
404.1 Exception X
404.1.1 X
404.5 X X X
405 X
407 X X
407.1 X X
407.1.1 X X
407.2 X X
407.3 X X
407.4.1 X X
407.4.1 Exception 1 X X
407.4.1 Exception 2 X X
409.1 X X
409.1 Exception X X
410.8.2 X
The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 55

56 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER 4

PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

SECTION 401 [HCD 1] Local ordinances or regulations shall permit

GENERAL the replacement, retention and extension of original mate-
401.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall control the rials, and the use of original methods of construction, for
alteration, repair, addition and change of occupancy or relo- any building or accessory structure, provided such build-
cation of existing buildings and structures, [BSC] including ing or structure complied with the building code provi-
state-regulated structures in accordance with Section sions in effect at the time of original construction and the
401.1.2. building or accessory structure does not become or con-
tinue to be a substandard building. For additional infor-
[HCD 1] In addition to the requirements in this chapter, mation, see Health and Safety Code Sections 17912,
maintenance, alteration, repair, addition, or change of occu- 17920.3, 17922(d), 17922.3, 17958.8 and 17958.9.
pancy to existing buildings and accessory structures under
the authority of the Department of Housing and Community 401.2.2 New and replacement materials. Except as oth-
Development, as provided in Section 1.8.2.1.1, shall comply erwise required or permitted by this code, materials per-
with California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, mitted by the applicable code for new construction shall be
Chapter 1, Subchapter 1. used. Like materials shall be permitted for repairs and
alterations, provided no hazard to life, health or property is
Exceptions: created. Hazardous materials shall not be used where the
1. Existing bleachers, grandstands and folding and code for new construction would not permit their use in
telescopic seating shall comply with ICC 300. buildings of similar occupancy, purpose and location.
2. [HCD 2] For moved buildings and maintenance, 401.2.3 Existing seismic force-resisting systems. Where
alteration, repair, addition, or change of occupancy the existing seismic force-resisting system is a type that
to existing buildings and accessory structures in can be designated ordinary, values of R, Ω0 and Cd for the
mobilehome parks or special occupancy parks as existing seismic force-resisting system shall be those spec-
provided in Section 1.8.2.1.3. See California Code ified by the California Building Code for an ordinary sys-
of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapters 2 and tem unless it is demonstrated that the existing system will
2.2. provide performance equivalent to that of a detailed, inter-
3. [HCD 1] Limited-density owner-built rural dwell- mediate or special system.
ings. 401.3 Dangerous conditions. The building official shall
401.1.1 Compliance with other methods. Alterations, have the authority to require the elimination of conditions
repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to or reloca- deemed dangerous.
tion of, existing buildings and structures shall comply with 401.4 Dangerous conditions. [BSC] Regardless of the extent
the provisions of this chapter or with one of the methods of structural or nonstructural damage, the building official
provided in Section 301.1. shall have the authority to require the elimination of condi-
401.1.2 Existing state-owned structures. [BSC] The pro- tions deemed dangerous.
visions of Sections 317 through 322 establish minimum 401.5 Existing Group R Occupancies. [SFM] See the Cali-
standards for earthquake evaluation and design for retro- fornia Residential Code for existing Group R-3 occupancies
fit of existing state-owned structures, including buildings or Chapter 46 of the California Fire Code for all other exist-
owned by the University of California, the California State ing Group R occupancies.
University and the Judicial Council.
The provisions of Sections 317 through 322 may be
adopted by a local jurisdiction for earthquake evaluation SECTION 402
and design for retrofit of existing buildings. ADDITIONS
402.1. General. [BSC & HCD] Additions to any building or
401.2 Building materials and systems. Building materials
structure shall comply with the requirements of the Califor-
and systems shall comply with the requirements of this sec-
nia Building Code or California Residential Code, as appli-
tion.
cable, for new construction. Alterations to the existing
401.2.1 Existing materials. Materials already in use in a building or structure shall be made to ensure that the existing
building in compliance with requirements or approvals in building or structure together with the addition are no less
effect at the time of their erection or installation shall be conforming to the provisions of the California Building Code
permitted to remain in use unless determined by the build- or California Residential Code, as applicable, than the exist-
ing official to be unsafe per Section 115.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 57

PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

ing building or structure was prior to the addition. An existing tion is not structurally independent of the existing structure,
building together with its additions shall comply with the the existing structure and its addition acting together as a sin-
height and area provisions of Chapter 5 of the California gle structure shall be shown to meet the requirements of Sec-
Building Code or the height provisions of Chapter 3 of the tions 1609 and 1613 of the California Building Code. For
California Residential Code, as applicable. purposes of this section, compliance with ASCE 41, using a
Exception: [BSC] For state-owned buildings, including Tier 3 procedure and the two-level performance objective in
those owned by the University of California and the Cali- Table 301.1.4.1 for the applicable risk category, shall be
fornia State University and the Judicial Council, the deemed to meet the requirements of Section 1613.
requirements of Sections 402.3 and 402.4 are replaced by Exception: Any existing lateral load-carrying structural
the requirements of Sections 317 through 322. element whose demand-capacity ratio with the addition
402.2 Flood hazard areas. For buildings and structures in considered is no more than 10 percent greater than its
flood hazard areas established in Section 1612.3 of the Cali- demand-capacity ratio with the addition ignored shall be
fornia Building Code, or Section R322 of the California Res- permitted to remain unaltered. For purposes of calculating
idential Code, as applicable, any addition that constitutes demand-capacity ratios, the demand shall consider appli-
substantial improvement of the existing structure shall com- cable load combinations with design lateral loads or forces
ply with the flood design requirements for new construction, in accordance with Sections 1609 and 1613 of the Califor-
and all aspects of the existing structure shall be brought into nia Building Code. For purposes of this exception, com-
compliance with the requirements for new construction for parisons of demand-capacity ratios and calculation of
flood design. design lateral loads, forces and capacities shall account for
the cumulative effects of additions and alterations since
For buildings and structures in flood hazard areas estab- original construction.
lished in Section 1612.3 of the California Building Code, or
Section R322 of the California Residential Code, as applica- 402.4.1 Existing structural elements carrying lateral
ble, any additions that do not constitute substantial improve- load. [HCD] Where the addition is structurally indepen-
ment of the existing structure are not required to comply with dent of the existing structure, existing lateral load-carrying
the flood design requirements for new construction. structural elements shall be permitted to remain unaltered.
Where the addition is not structurally independent of the
[BS] 402.3 Existing structural elements carrying gravity existing structure, the existing structure and its addition
load. Any existing gravity load-carrying structural element acting together as a single structure shall be shown to meet
for which an addition and its related alterations cause an the requirements of Sections 1609 and 1613 of the Cali-
increase in design gravity load of more than 5 percent shall be fornia Building Code. >
strengthened, supplemented, replaced or otherwise altered as
needed to carry the increased gravity load required by the Exception: Any existing lateral load-carrying structural
California Building Code for new structures. Any existing element whose demand-capacity ratio with the addition
gravity load-carrying structural element whose gravity load- considered is no more than 10 percent greater than its
carrying capacity is decreased shall be considered an altered demand-capacity ratio with the addition ignored shall be
element subject to the requirements of Section 403.3. Any permitted to remain unaltered. For purposes of calculat-
existing element that will form part of the lateral load path for ing demand-capacity ratios, the demand shall consider
any part of the addition shall be considered an existing lateral applicable load combinations with design lateral loads or
load-carrying structural element subject to the requirements forces in accordance with Sections 1609 and 1613 of the
of Section 402.4. California Building Code. For purposes of this excep-
tion, comparisons of demand-capacity ratios and calcula-
[BS] 402.3.1 Design live load. Where the addition does tion of design lateral loads, forces and capacities shall
not result in increased design live load, existing gravity account for the cumulative effects of additions and alter-
load-carrying structural elements shall be permitted to be ations since original construction.
evaluated and designed for live loads approved prior to the
402.5 Smoke alarms in existing portions of a build-
addition. If the approved live load is less than that required
ing. Where an addition is made to a building or structure of a
by Section 1607 of the California Building Code, the area
Group R or I-1 occupancy, the existing building shall be pro-
designed for the nonconforming live load shall be posted
vided with smoke alarms in accordance with Section 1103.8
with placards of approved design indicating the approved
of the California Fire Code.
live load. Where the addition does result in increased
design live load, the live load required by Section 1607 of 402.6 Carbon monoxide detection in existing portions of a
the California Building Code shall be used. building. [HCD] Where an addition is made to a Group R
[BS] 402.4 Existing structural elements carrying lateral occupancy, located in a building with a fuel-burning appli-
ance, fireplace, forced-air furnace, or an attached garage,
load. Where the addition is structurally independent of the
existing structure, existing lateral load-carrying structural ele- the existing portion of the building, where no construction is
taking place, shall be provided with carbon monoxide detec-
ments shall be permitted to remain unaltered. Where the addi-
tion in accordance with Section 915 of the California Build-

58 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

ing Code, if carbon monoxide detection is not already For buildings and structures in flood hazard areas estab-
installed. lished in Section 1612.3 of the California Building Code, or
When the new addition requires carbon monoxide detec- Section R322 of the California Residential Code, as applica-
tion, carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in accor- ble, any alterations that do not constitute substantial improve-
dance with Section 915 of the California Building Code. ment of the existing structure are not required to comply with
the flood design requirements for new construction.
[BS] 403.3 Existing structural elements carrying gravity
SECTION 403 load. Any existing gravity load-carrying structural element
ALTERATIONS for which an alteration causes an increase in design gravity
403.1 General. Except as provided by Section 401.2 or this load of more than 5 percent shall be strengthened, supple-
section, alterations to any building or structure shall comply mented, replaced or otherwise altered as needed to carry the
with the requirements of the California Building Code or increased gravity load required by the California Building
California Residential Code, as applicable, for new construc- Code for new structures. Any existing gravity load-carrying
tion. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structural element whose gravity load-carrying capacity is
structure is no less conforming to the provisions of the Cali- decreased as part of the alteration shall be shown to have the
fornia Building Code or California Residential Code, as capacity to resist the applicable design gravity loads required
applicable, than the existing building or structure was prior to by the California Building Code for new structures.
the alteration. [BS] 403.3.1 Design live load. Where the alteration does
Exceptions: not result in increased design live load, existing gravity
load-carrying structural elements shall be permitted to be
1. An existing stairway shall not be required to comply evaluated and designed for live loads approved prior to the
with the requirements of Section 1011 of the Cali- alteration. If the approved live load is less than that
fornia Building Code where the existing space and required by Section 1607 of the California Building Code,
construction does not allow a reduction in pitch or the area designed for the nonconforming live load shall be
slope. posted with placards of approved design indicating the
2. Handrails otherwise required to comply with Sec- approved live load. Where the alteration does result in
tion 1011.11 of the California Building Code shall increased design live load, the live load required by Sec-
not be required to comply with the requirements of tion 1607 of the California Building Code shall be used.
Section 1014.6 of the California Building Code [BS] 403.4 Existing structural elements carrying lateral
regarding full extension of the handrails where such load. Except as permitted by Section 403.5, where the alter-
extensions would be hazardous due to plan configu- ation increases design lateral loads in accordance with Sec-
ration. tion 1609 or 1613 of the California Building Code, or where
3. [BSC] For state-owned buildings, including those the alteration results in a prohibited structural irregularity as
owned by the University of California and the Cali- defined in ASCE 7, or where the alteration decreases the
fornia State University and the judicial council, the capacity of any existing lateral load-carrying structural ele-
requirements of Sections 403.3 through 403.4 are ment, the structure of the altered building or structure shall
replaced by the requirements of Sections 317 be shown to meet the requirements of Sections 1609 and
through 322. 1613 of the California Building Code. For purposes of this
403.1.1 Replacement, retention and extension of original section, compliance with ASCE 41, using a Tier 3 proce-
materials. [HCD 1] Local ordinances or regulations shall dure and the two-level performance objective in Table
permit the replacement, retention and extension of origi- 301.1.4.1 for the applicable risk category, shall be deemed
nal materials, and the use of original methods of construc- to meet the requirements of Section 1613 of the California
tion, for any building or accessory structure, provided Building Code.
such building or structure complied with the building code Exception: Any existing lateral load-carrying structural
provisions in effect at the time of original construction and element whose demand-capacity ratio with the alteration
the building or accessory structure does not become or considered is no more than 10 percent greater than its
continue to be a substandard building. For additional demand-capacity ratio with the alteration ignored shall be
information, see Health and Safety Code Sections 17912, permitted to remain unaltered. For purposes of calculating
17920.3, 17922(d), 17922.3, 17958.8 and 17958.9. demand-capacity ratios, the demand shall consider appli-
[BS] 403.2 Flood hazard areas. For buildings and structures cable load combinations with design lateral loads or forces
in flood hazard areas established in Section 1612.3 of the in accordance with Sections 1609 and 1613 of the Califor-
California Building Code, or Section R322 of the California nia Building Code. For purposes of this exception, com-
Residential Code, as applicable, any alteration that consti- parisons of demand-capacity ratios and calculation of
tutes substantial improvement of the existing structure shall design lateral loads, forces and capacities shall account for
comply with the flood design requirements for new construc- the cumulative effects of additions and alterations since
tion, and all aspects of the existing structure shall be brought original construction.
into compliance with the requirements for new construction
for flood design.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 59

 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

403.4.1 Existing structural elements carrying lateral alteration work shall include installation of wall anchors at
load. [HCD] Where the alteration increases design lateral the roof line to resist seismic forces, unless an evaluation
loads in accordance with Section 1609 or 1613 of the Cal- demonstrates compliance of existing wall anchorage. For pur-
ifornia Building Code, or where the alteration results in a poses of this section, design seismic forces need not be taken
prohibited structural irregularity as defined in ASCE 7, or greater than 75 percent of those that would be required for the
where the alteration decreases the capacity of any existing design of new buildings of similar structure, purpose and
lateral load-carrying structural element, the structure of location.
the altered building or structure shall be shown to meet the [BS] 403.7 Bracing for unreinforced masonry parapets in
requirements of Sections 1609 and 1613 of the California major alterations. Where the portion of the building under-
> Building Code. going the intended alteration exceeds 50 percent of the aggre-
Exception: Any existing lateral load-carrying struc- gate area of the building, and where the building is assigned
tural element whose demand-capacity ratio with the to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F, parapets con-
alteration considered is no more than 10 percent greater structed of unreinforced masonry shall have bracing installed
than its demand-capacity ratio with the alteration as needed to resist out-of-plane seismic forces, unless an
ignored shall be permitted to remain unaltered. For pur- evaluation demonstrates compliance of such items. For pur-
poses of calculating demand-capacity ratios, the poses of this section, design seismic forces need not be taken
demand shall consider applicable load combinations greater than 75 percent of those that would be required for the
with design lateral loads or forces in accordance with design of similar nonstructural components in new buildings
Sections 1609 and 1613 of the California Building of similar purpose and location.
Code. For purposes of this exception, comparisons of [BS] 403.8 Roof diaphragms resisting wind loads in high-
demand-capacity ratios and calculation of design lateral wind regions. Where the intended alteration requires a per-
loads, forces and capacities shall account for the cumu- mit for reroofing and involves removal of roofing materials
lative effects of additions and alterations since original from more than 50 percent of the roof diaphragm of a build-
construction. ing or section of a building located where the ultimate design
403.4.2 Seismic Design Category F. Where the por- wind speed is greater than 115 mph (51 m/s) in accordance
tion of the building undergoing the intended alteration with Figure 1609.3(1) of the California Building Code or in a
exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate area of the build- special wind region as defined in Section 1609 of the Califor-
ing, and where the building is assigned to Seismic nia Building Code, roof diaphragms, connections of the roof
Design Category F, the structure of the altered building diaphragm to roof framing members, and roof-to-wall con-
shall be shown to meet the earthquake design provi- nections shall be evaluated for the wind loads specified in
sions of the California Building Code. For purposes of Section 1609 of the California Building Code, including wind
this section, the earthquake loads need not be taken uplift. If the diaphragms and connections in their current con-
greater than 75 percent of those prescribed in Section dition are not capable of resisting at least 75 percent of those
1613 of the California Building Code for new buildings wind loads, they shall be replaced or strengthened in accor-
of similar occupancy, purpose and location. New struc- dance with the loads specified in Section 1609 of the Califor-
tural members and connections required by this section nia Building Code.
shall comply with the detailing provisions of this code [BS] 403.9 Voluntary seismic improvements. Alterations to
for new buildings of similar structure, purpose and existing structural elements or additions of new structural ele-
location. ments that are not otherwise required by this chapter and are
[BS] 403.5 Bracing for unreinforced masonry parapets initiated for the purpose of improving the performance of the
upon reroofing. Where the intended alteration requires a per- seismic force-resisting system of an existing structure or the
mit for reroofing and involves removal of roofing materials performance of seismic bracing or anchorage of existing non-
from more than 25 percent of the roof area of a building structural elements shall be permitted, provided that an engi-
assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F that has para- neering analysis is submitted demonstrating the following:
pets constructed of unreinforced masonry, the work shall
1. The altered structure and the altered nonstructural ele-
include installation of parapet bracing to resist out-of-plane
ments are no less conforming to the provisions of the
seismic forces, unless an evaluation demonstrates compliance
California Building Code with respect to earthquake
of such items. For purposes of this section, design seismic
design than they were prior to the alteration.
forces need not be taken greater than 75 percent of those that
would be required for the design of similar nonstructural 2. New structural elements are detailed as required for
components in new buildings of similar purpose and location. new construction.
[BS] 403.6 Wall anchorage for unreinforced masonry 3. New or relocated nonstructural elements are detailed
walls in major alterations. Where the portion of the building and connected to existing or new structural elements as
undergoing the intended alteration exceeds 50 percent of the required for new construction.
aggregate area of the building, the building is assigned to 4. The alterations do not create a structural irregularity as
Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F, and the building’s defined in ASCE 7 or make an existing structural irreg-
structural system includes unreinforced masonry walls, the ularity more severe.

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403.10 Smoke alarms. Individual sleeping units and indi- such building or structure complied with the building code
vidual dwelling units in Group R and I-1 occupancies shall be provisions in effect at the time of original construction and
provided with smoke alarms in accordance with Section the building or accessory structure does not become or
1103.8 of the California Fire Code. continue to be a substandard building. For additional
403.11 Refuge areas. Where alterations affect the configura- information, see Health and Safety Code Sections 17912,
tion of an area utilized as a refuge area, the capacity of the 17920.3, 17922(d), 17922.3, 17958.8 and 17958.9.
refuge area shall not be reduced below that required in Sec- [BS] 404.2 Substantial structural damage to vertical ele-
tions 403.11.1 through 403.11.3. ments of the lateral force-resisting system. A building that
403.11.1 Smoke compartments. In Group I-2 and I-3 has sustained substantial structural damage to the vertical ele-
occupancies, the required capacity of the refuge areas for ments of its lateral force-resisting system shall be evaluated
smoke compartments in accordance with Sections 407.5.1 and repaired in accordance with the applicable provisions of
and 408.6.2 of the California Building Code shall be Sections 404.2.1 through 404.2.3.
maintained. Exceptions:
403.11.2 Ambulatory care. In ambulatory care facilities 1. Buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category A, B
required to be separated by Section 422.2 of the California or C whose substantial structural damage was not
Building Code, the required capacity of the refuge areas caused by earthquake need not be evaluated or reha-
for smoke compartments in accordance with Section 422.4 bilitated for load combinations that include earth-
of the California Building Code shall be maintained. quake effects.
403.11.3 Horizontal exits. The required capacity of the 2. One- and two-family dwellings need not be evalu-
refuge area for horizontal exits in accordance with Section ated or rehabilitated for load combinations that
1026.4 of the California Building Code shall be main- include earthquake effects.
tained.
[BS] 404.2.1 Evaluation. The building shall be evaluated
403.12 Carbon monoxide detection. [HCD] Pursuant to by a registered design professional, and the evaluation
Health and Safety Code Section 17926, carbon monoxide findings shall be submitted to the building official. The
detection shall be provided in all existing Group R buildings, evaluation shall establish whether the damaged building, if
as required in Section 915 of the California Building Code, repaired to its predamage state, would comply with the
or Section R315 of the California Residential Code. provisions of the California Building Code for wind and
When a fuel-burning appliance, fireplace, or forced-air earthquake loads.
furnace are added to an existing Group R building, not previ- Wind loads for this evaluation shall be those prescribed
ously required to be provided with carbon monoxide detec- in Section 1609 of the California Building Code. Earth-
tion, new carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in quake loads for this evaluation, if required, shall be per-
accordance with Section 915 of the California Building Code, mitted to be 75 percent of those prescribed in Section 1613
or Section R315 of the California Residential Code. of the California Building Code. Alternatively, compli-
ance with ASCE 41, using the performance objective in
Table 301.1.4.2 for the applicable risk category, shall be
SECTION 404 deemed to meet the earthquake evaluation requirement.
REPAIRS
[BS] 404.2.2 Extent of repair for compliant buildings.
404.1 General. Buildings and structures, and parts thereof, If the evaluation establishes compliance of the predamage
shall be repaired in compliance with Sections 401.2 and 404. building in accordance with Section 404.2.1, then repairs
Work on nondamaged components that is necessary for the shall be permitted that restore the building to its predam-
required repair of damaged components shall be considered age state.
part of the repair and shall not be subject to the requirements
for alterations in this chapter. Routine maintenance required [BS] 404.2.3 Extent of repair for noncompliant build-
by Section 401.2, ordinary repairs exempt from permit in ings. If the evaluation does not establish compliance of the
accordance with Section 105.2, and abatement of wear due to predamage building in accordance with Section 404.2.1,
normal service conditions shall not be subject to the require- then the building shall be rehabilitated to comply with
ments for repairs in this section. applicable provisions of the California Building Code for
load combinations that include wind or seismic loads. The
Exception: [BSC] For state-owned buildings, including wind loads for the repair shall be as required by the build-
those owned by the University of California and the Cali- ing code in effect at the time of original construction,
fornia State University and the Judicial Council, the unless the damage was caused by wind, in which case the
requirements of Sections 404.2 and 404.4 are replaced by wind loads shall be as required by the California Building
the requirements of Sections 317 through 322. Code. Earthquake loads for this rehabilitation design shall
404.1.1 Replacement, retention and extension of original be those required for the design of the predamage build-
materials. [HCD 1] Local ordinances or regulations shall ing, but not less than 75 percent of those prescribed in Sec-
permit the replacement, retention and extension of origi- tion 1613 of the California Building Code. New structural
nal materials, and the use of original methods of construc- members and connections required by this rehabilitation
tion, for any building or accessory structure, provided design shall comply with the detailing provisions of the

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PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

California Building Code for new buildings of similar existing structure shall be brought into compliance with the
structure, purpose and location. Alternatively, compliance requirements for new construction for flood design.
with ASCE 41, using the performance objective in Table For buildings and structures in flood hazard areas estab-
301.1.4.2 for the applicable risk category, shall be deemed lished in Section 1612.3 of the California Building Code, or
to meet the earthquake rehabilitation requirement. Section R322 of the California Residential Code, as applica-
[BS] 404.3 Substantial structural damage to gravity load- ble, any repairs that do not constitute substantial improve-
carrying components. Gravity load-carrying components ment or repair of substantial damage of the existing structure
that have sustained substantial structural damage shall be are not required to comply with the flood design requirements
rehabilitated to comply with the applicable provisions of the for new construction.
California Building Code for dead and live loads. Snow loads
shall be considered if the substantial structural damage was
caused by or related to snow load effects. Existing gravity SECTION 405
load-carrying structural elements shall be permitted to be FIRE ESCAPES
designed for live loads approved prior to the damage. If the 405.1 Where permitted. Fire escapes shall be permitted only
approved live load is less than that required by Section 1607 as provided for in Sections 405.1.1 through 405.1.4.
of the California Building Code, the area designed for the
nonconforming live load shall be posted with placards of 405.1.1 New buildings. Fire escapes shall not constitute
approved design indicating the approved live load. Nondam- any part of the required means of egress in new buildings.
aged gravity load-carrying components that receive dead, live 405.1.2 Existing fire escapes. Existing fire escapes shall
or snow loads from rehabilitated components shall also be continue to be accepted as a component in the means of
rehabilitated or shown to have the capacity to carry the design egress in existing buildings only.
loads of the rehabilitation design. New structural members
405.1.3 New fire escapes. New fire escapes for existing
and connections required by this rehabilitation design shall
buildings shall be permitted only where exterior stairways
comply with the detailing provisions of the California Build-
cannot be utilized due to lot lines limiting stairway size or
ing Code for new buildings of similar structure, purpose and
due to the sidewalks, alleys or roads at grade level. New
location.
fire escapes shall not incorporate ladders or access by win-
[BS] 404.3.1 Lateral force-resisting elements. Regard- dows.
less of the level of damage to vertical elements of the lat-
405.1.4 Limitations. Fire escapes shall comply with this
eral force-resisting system, if substantial structural
section and shall not constitute more than 50 percent of the
damage to gravity load-carrying components was caused
required number of exits nor more than 50 percent of the
primarily by wind or earthquake effects, then the building
required exit capacity.
shall be evaluated in accordance with Section 404.2.1 and,
if noncompliant, rehabilitated in accordance with Section 405.2 Location. Where located on the front of the building
404.2.3. and where projecting beyond the building line, the lowest
landing shall be not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) or more than
Exceptions: 12 feet (3658 mm) above grade, and shall be equipped with a
1. One- and two-family dwellings need not be eval- counterbalanced stairway to the street. In alleyways and thor-
uated or rehabilitated for load combinations that oughfares less than 30 feet (9144 mm) wide, the clearance
include earthquake effects. under the lowest landing shall be not less than 12 feet (3658
2. Buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category mm).
A, B or C whose substantial structural damage 405.3 Construction. The fire escape shall be designed to
was not caused by earthquake need not be evalu- support a live load of 100 pounds per square foot (4788 Pa)
ated or rehabilitated for load combinations that and shall be constructed of steel or other approved noncom-
include earthquake effects. bustible materials. Fire escapes constructed of wood not less
[BS] 404.4 Less than substantial structural damage. For than nominal 2 inches (51 mm) thick are permitted on build-
damage less than substantial structural damage, repairs shall ings of Type V construction. Walkways and railings located
be allowed that restore the building to its predamage state. over or supported by combustible roofs in buildings of Type
New structural members and connections used for this repair III and IV construction are permitted to be of wood not less
shall comply with the detailing provisions of the California than nominal 2 inches (51 mm) thick.
Building Code for new buildings of similar structure, purpose 405.4 Dimensions. Stairways shall be at least 22 inches (559
and location. mm) wide with risers not more than, and treads not less than,
[BS] 404.5 Flood hazard areas. For buildings and structures 8 inches (203 mm) and landings at the foot of stairways not
in flood hazard areas established in Section 1612.3 of the less than 40 inches (1016 mm) wide by 36 inches (914 mm)
California Building Code, or Section R322 of the California long, located not more than 8 inches (203 mm) below the
Residential Code, as applicable, any repair that constitutes door.
substantial improvement or repair of substantial damage of 405.5 Opening protectives. Doors and windows along the
the existing structure shall comply with the flood design fire escape shall be protected with 3/4-hour opening protec-
requirements for new construction, and all aspects of the tives.

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SECTION 406 SECTION 407

GLASS REPLACEMENT CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY
AND REPLACEMENT WINDOWS 407.1 Conformance. No change shall be made in the use or
406.1 Replacement glass. The installation or replacement of occupancy of any building unless such building is made to
glass shall be as required for new installations. comply with the requirements of the California Building
406.2 Replacement window opening control devices. In Code for the use or occupancy. Changes in use or occupancy
Group R-2 or R-3 buildings containing dwelling units, win- in a building or portion thereof shall be such that the existing
dow opening control devices complying with ASTM F 2090 building is no less complying with the provisions of this code
shall be installed where an existing window is replaced and than the existing building or structure was prior to the change.
where all of the following apply to the replacement window: Subject to the approval of the building official, the use or
occupancy of existing buildings shall be permitted to be
1. The window is operable; changed and the building is allowed to be occupied for pur-
2. The window replacement includes replacement of the poses in other groups without conforming to all of the
sash and the frame; requirements of this code for those groups, provided the new
or proposed use is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk,
3. The top of the sill of the window opening is at a height
than the existing use.
less than 36 inches (915 mm) above the finished floor;
Exception: The building need not be made to comply with
4. The window will permit openings that will allow pas-
the seismic requirements for a new structure unless
sage of a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere when the
required by Section 407.4.
window is in its largest opened position; and
407.1.1 Change in the character of use. A change in
5. The vertical distance from the top of the sill of the win-
occupancy with no change of occupancy classification
dow opening to the finished grade or other surface
shall not be made to any structure that will subject the
below, on the exterior of the building, is greater than 72
structure to any special provisions of the applicable Cali-
inches (1829 mm).
fornia Codes, without approval of the building official.
The window opening control device, after operation to Compliance shall be only as necessary to meet the specific
release the control device allowing the window to fully open, provisions and is not intended to require the entire build-
shall not reduce the minimum net clear opening area of the ing be brought into compliance.
window unit to less than the area required by Section 1029.2
of the California Building Code. 407.2 Certificate of occupancy. A certificate of occupancy
shall be issued where it has been determined that the require-
Exceptions: ments for the new occupancy classification have been met.
1. Operable windows where the top of the sill of the 407.3 Stairways. An existing stairway shall not be required
window opening is located more than 75 feet (22 to comply with the requirements of Section 1011 of the Cali-
860 mm) above the finished grade or other surface fornia Building Code where the existing space and construc-
below, on the exterior of the room, space or build- tion does not allow a reduction in pitch or slope.
ing, and that are provided with window fall preven-
tion devices that comply with ASTM F 2006. [BS] 407.4 Structural. When a change of occupancy results
in a structure being reclassified to a higher risk category, the
2. Operable windows with openings that are provided structure shall conform to the seismic requirements for a new
with window fall prevention devices that comply structure of the higher risk category. For purposes of this sec-
with ASTM F 2090. tion, compliance with ASCE 41, using a Tier 3 procedure and
406.3 Replacement window emergency escape and rescue the two-level performance objective in Table 301.1.4.1 for
openings. Where windows are required to provide emer- the applicable risk category, shall be deemed to meet the
gency escape and rescue openings in Group R-2 and R-3 requirements of Section 1613 of the California Building
occupancies, replacement windows shall be exempt from the Code.
requirements of Sections 1030.2, 1030.3 and 1030.5 provided Exceptions:
the replacement window meets the following conditions:
1. Specific seismic detailing requirements of Section
1. The replacement window is the manufacturer’s largest 1613 of the California Building Code for a new
standard size window that will fit within the existing structure shall not be required to be met where the
frame or existing rough opening. The replacement win- seismic performance is shown to be equivalent to
dow shall be permitted to be of the same operating style that of a new structure. A demonstration of equiva-
as the existing window or a style that provides for an lence shall consider the regularity, overstrength,
equal or greater window opening area than the existing redundancy and ductility of the structure.
window.
2. When a change of use results in a structure being
2. The replacement of the window is not part of a change reclassified from Risk Category I or II to Risk Cate-
of occupancy. gory III and the structure is located where the seis-
mic coefficient, SDS, is less than 0.33, compliance

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 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

with the seismic requirements of Section 1613 of the cance of a registered historic district or a district pre-
California Building Code is not required. liminarily determined to qualify as an historic
3. [BSC] For state-owned buildings, including those district; or
owned by the University of California and the Cali- 3. Designated as historic under a state or local historic
fornia State University and the Judicial Council, the preservation program that is approved by the
performance level requirements of Section 407.4 are Department of Interior.
replaced with the performance level requirements of
Section 317.5.
SECTION 409
407.4.1 Structural. [HCD] When a change of occupancy
results in a structure being reclassified to a higher risk cat- MOVED STRUCTURES
egory, the structure shall conform to the seismic require- 409.1 Conformance. Structures moved into or within the
> ments for a new structure of the higher risk category. jurisdiction shall comply with the provisions of this code for
new structures.
Exceptions:
Exception: [HCD 1 & HCD 2] After July 1, 1978, local
1. Specific seismic detailing requirements of Sec-
ordinances or regulations for moved apartment houses
tion 1613 of the California Building Code for a
and dwellings shall permit the retention of existing materi-
new structure shall not be required to be met
als and methods of construction, provided the apartment
where the seismic performance is shown to be
house or dwelling complies with the building standards
equivalent to that of a new structure. A demon-
for foundations applicable to new construction and does
stration of equivalence shall consider the regular-
not become or continue to be a substandard building. For
ity, overstrength, redundancy and ductility of the
additional information, see Health and Safety Code Sec-
structure.
tion 17958.9.
2. When a change of use results in a structure being
reclassified from Risk Category I or II to Risk
Category III and the structure is located where SECTION 410
the seismic coefficient, SDS, is less than 0.33, ACCESSIBILITY FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
compliance with the seismic requirements of Sec- [DSA-AC] Buildings or facilities where accessibility is
tion 1613 of the California Building Code is not required for applications listed in Title 24, Part 2, California
required. Building Code, Chapter 1, Section 1.9.1 regulated by the
Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance shall com-
ply with Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code, Chapter
SECTION 408 11A or Chapter 11B, as applicable.
HISTORIC BUILDINGS
410.1 Scope. The provisions of Sections 410.1 through 410.9
408.1 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code that
apply to maintenance, change of occupancy, additions and
require improvements relative to a building’s existing condi-
alterations to existing buildings, including those identified as
tion or, in the case of repairs, that require improvements rela-
historic buildings.
tive to a building’s predamage condition, shall not be
mandatory for historic buildings unless specifically required 410.2 Maintenance of facilities. A facility that is constructed
by this section. or altered to be accessible shall be maintained accessible
during occupancy.
408.2 Life safety hazards. The provisions of this code shall
apply to historic buildings judged by the building official to 410.3 Extent of application. An alteration of an existing
constitute a distinct life safety hazard. facility shall not impose a requirement for greater accessibil-
ity than that which would be required for new construction.
[BS] 408.3 Flood hazard areas. Within flood hazard areas
Alterations shall not reduce or have the effect of reducing
established in accordance with Section 1612.3 of the Califor-
accessibility of a facility or portion of a facility.
nia Building Code, or Section R322 of the California Resi-
dential Code, as applicable, where the work proposed 410.4 Change of occupancy. Existing buildings that undergo
constitutes substantial improvement, the building shall be a change of group or occupancy shall comply with this sec-
brought into compliance with Section 1612 of the California tion.
Building Code, or Section R322 of the California Residential Exception: Type B dwelling or sleeping units required by
Code, as applicable: Section 1107 of the California Building Code are not
Exception: Historic buildings need not be brought into required to be provided in existing buildings and facilities
compliance that are: undergoing a change of occupancy in conjunction with
alterations where the work area is 50 percent or less of the
1. Listed or preliminarily determined to be eligible for
aggregate area of the building.
listing in the National Register of Historic Places;
410.4.1 Partial change in occupancy. Where a portion of
2. Determined by the Secretary of the U.S. Department
the building is changed to a new occupancy classification,
of Interior as contributing to the historical signifi-

64 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

any alterations shall comply with Sections 410.6, 410.7 410.7 Alterations affecting an area containing a primary
and 410.8. function. Where an alteration affects the accessibility to, or
contains an area of primary function, the route to the primary
410.4.2 Complete change of occupancy. Where an entire
function area shall be accessible. The accessible route to the
building undergoes a change of occupancy, it shall comply
primary function area shall include toilet facilities and drink-
with Section 410.4.1 and shall have all of the following
ing fountains serving the area of primary function.
accessible features:
Exceptions:
1. At least one accessible building entrance.
1. The costs of providing the accessible route are not
2. At least one accessible route from an accessible required to exceed 20 percent of the costs of the
building entrance to primary function areas. alterations affecting the area of primary function.
3. Signage complying with Section 1111 of the Cali- 2. This provision does not apply to alterations limited
fornia Building Code. solely to windows, hardware, operating controls,
4. Accessible parking, where parking is being pro- electrical outlets and signs.
vided. 3. This provision does not apply to alterations limited
5. At least one accessible passenger loading zone, solely to mechanical systems, electrical systems,
when loading zones are provided. installation or alteration of fire protection systems
and abatement of hazardous materials.
6. At least one accessible route connecting accessible 4. This provision does not apply to alterations under-
parking and accessible passenger loading zones to taken for the primary purpose of increasing the
an accessible entrance. accessibility of a facility.
Where it is technically infeasible to comply with the 5. This provision does not apply to altered areas lim-
new construction standards for any of these requirements ited to Type B dwelling and sleeping units.
for a change of group or occupancy, the above items shall
conform to the requirements to the maximum extent tech- 410.8 Scoping for alterations. The provisions of Sections
nically feasible. 410.8.1 through 410.8.14 shall apply to alterations to existing
buildings and facilities.
Exception: The accessible features listed in Items 1
through 6 are not required for an accessible route to 410.8.1 Entrances. Accessible entrances shall be pro-
Type B units. vided in accordance with Section 1105.
Exception: Where an alteration includes alterations to
410.5 Additions. Provisions for new construction shall apply
an entrance, and the facility has an accessible entrance,
to additions. An addition that affects the accessibility to, or
the altered entrance is not required to be accessible,
contains an area of, a primary function shall comply with the
unless required by Section 410.7. Signs complying with
requirements in Section 410.7.
Section 1111 of the California Building Code shall be
410.6 Alterations. A facility that is altered shall comply with provided.
the applicable provisions in Chapter 11 of the California 410.8.2 Elevators. Altered elements of existing elevators
Building Code, unless technically infeasible. Where compli- shall comply with California Code of Regulations, Title 8, >
ance with this section is technically infeasible, the alteration Division 1, Chapter 4, Subchapter 6, Elevator Safety
shall provide access to the maximum extent technically feasi- Orders and ICC A117.1. Such elements shall also be
ble. altered in elevators programmed to respond to the same
Exceptions: hall call control as the altered elevator.
1. The altered element or space is not required to be on 410.8.3 Platform lifts. Platform (wheelchair) lifts com-
an accessible route, unless required by Section plying with ICC A117.1 and installed in accordance with
410.7. ASME A18.1 shall be permitted as a component of an
accessible route.
2. Accessible means of egress required by Chapter 10
of the California Building Code are not required to 410.8.4 Stairways and escalators in existing buildings.
be provided in existing facilities. In alterations, change of occupancy or additions where an
escalator or stairway is added where none existed previ-
3. The alteration to Type A individually owned dwell- ously and major structural modifications are necessary for
ing units within a Group R-2 occupancy shall be installation, an accessible route shall be provided between
permitted to meet the provision for a Type B dwell- the levels served by the escalator or stairways in accor-
ing unit. dance with Section 1104.4 of the California Building
4. Type B dwelling or sleeping units required by Sec- Code.
tion 1107 of the California Building Code are not 410.8.5 Ramps. Where slopes steeper than allowed by
required to be provided in existing buildings and Section 1012.2 of the California Building Code are neces-
facilities undergoing a change of occupancy in con- sitated by space limitations, the slope of ramps in or pro-
junction with alterations where the work area is 50 viding access to existing facilities shall comply with Table
percent or less of the aggregate area of the building. 410.8.5.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 65

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TABLE 410.8.5 410.8.12 Fuel dispensers. Operable parts of replacement

RAMPS fuel dispensers shall be permitted to be 54 inches (1370
SLOPE MAXIMUM RISE mm) maximum, measuring from the surface of the vehicu-
Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 3 inches lar way where fuel dispensers are installed on existing
Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 6 inches curbs.
For SI:1 inch = 25.4 mm. 410.8.13 Thresholds. The maximum height of thresholds
¬ at doorways shall be 3/4 inch (19.1 mm). Such thresholds
410.8.6 Accessible dwelling or sleeping units. Where shall have beveled edges on each side.
Group I-1, I-2, I-3, R-1, R-2 or R-4 dwelling or sleeping
410.8.14 Amusement rides. Where the structural or oper-
units are being altered or added, the requirements of Sec-
ational characteristics of an amusement ride are altered to
tion 1107 of the California Building Code for Accessible
the extent that the amusement ride’s performance differs
units apply only to the quantity of spaces being altered or
from that specified by the manufacturer or the original
added.
design, the amusement ride shall comply with require-
410.8.7 Type A dwelling or sleeping units. Where more ments for new construction in Section 1110.4.8 of the Cal-
than 20 Group R-2 dwelling or sleeping units are being ifornia Building Code.
altered or added, the requirements of Section 1107 of the 410.9 Historic buildings. These provisions shall apply to
California Building Code for Type A units apply only to facilities designated as historic structures that undergo alter-
the quantity of the spaces being altered or added. ations or a change of occupancy, unless technically infeasi-
410.8.8 Type B dwelling or sleeping units. Where four or ble. Where compliance with the requirements for accessible
more Group I-1, I-2, R-1, R-2, R-3 or R-4 dwelling or routes, entrances or toilet rooms would threaten or destroy the
sleeping units are being added, the requirements of Sec- historic significance of the facility, as determined by the
tion 1107 of the California Building Code for Type B applicable governing authority, the alternative requirements
units apply only to the quantity of the spaces being added. of Sections 410.9.1 through 410.9.4 for that element shall be
Where Group I-1, I-2, R-1, R-2, R-3 or R-4 dwelling or permitted.
sleeping units are being altered and where the work area is Exception: Type B dwelling or sleeping units required by
greater than 50 percent of the aggregate area of the build- Section 1107 of the California Building Code are not
ing, the requirements of Section 1107 of the California required to be provided in historical buildings.
Building Code for Type B units apply only to the quantity 410.9.1 Site arrival points. At least one accessible route
of the spaces being altered. from a site arrival point to an accessible entrance shall be
410.8.9 Jury boxes and witness stands. In alterations, provided.
accessible wheelchair spaces are not required to be located 410.9.2 Multilevel buildings and facilities. An accessible
within the defined area of raised jury boxes or witness route from an accessible entrance to public spaces on the
stands and shall be permitted to be located outside these level of the accessible entrance shall be provided.
spaces where the ramp or lift access restricts or projects
410.9.3 Entrances. At least one main entrance shall be
into the means of egress.
accessible.
410.8.10 Toilet rooms. Where it is technically infeasible Exceptions:
to alter existing toilet and bathing rooms to be accessible,
an accessible family or assisted-use toilet or bathing room 1. If a main entrance cannot be made accessible, an
constructed in accordance with Section 1109.2.1 of the accessible nonpublic entrance that is unlocked
California Building Code is permitted. The family or while the building is occupied shall be provided;
assisted-use toilet or bathing room shall be located on the or
same floor and in the same area as the existing toilet or 2. If a main entrance cannot be made accessible, a
bathing rooms. At the inaccessible toilet and bathing locked accessible entrance with a notification
rooms, provide directional signs indicating the location of system or remote monitoring shall be provided.
the nearest family or assisted-use toilet room or bathing Signs complying with Section 1111 of the Interna-
room. These directional signs shall include the Interna- tional Building Code shall be provided at the primary
tional Symbol of Accessibility and sign characters shall entrance and the accessible entrance.
meet the visual character requirements in accordance with
ICC A117.1. 410.9.4 Toilet and bathing facilities. Where toilet rooms
are provided, at least one accessible family or assisted-use
410.8.11 Dressing, fitting and locker rooms. Where it is toilet room complying with Section 1109.2.1 of the Cali-
technically infeasible to provide accessible dressing, fit- fornia Building Code shall be provided.
ting or locker rooms at the same location as similar types
of rooms, one accessible room on the same level shall be
provided. Where separate-sex facilities are provided,
accessible rooms for each sex shall be provided. Separate-
sex facilities are not required where only unisex rooms are
provided.

66 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 5 – CLASSIFICATION OF WORK
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 67

68 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 6 – REPAIRS
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 69

70 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 7 – ALTERATIONS - LEVEL 1
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 71

72 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 8 – ALTERATIONS - LEVEL 2
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 73

74 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 9 – ALTERATIONS - LEVEL 3
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 75

76 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 10 – CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 77

78 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 11 – ADDITIONS
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 79

80 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 12 – HISTORIC BUILDINGS
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 81

82 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 13 – RELOCATED OR MOVED BUILDINGS
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 83

84 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 14 – PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHODS
Not adopted by the State of California
(May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 85

86 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 15 – CONSTRUCTION SAFEGUARDS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
X X
are listed below
Chapter / Section
1501 X X
1502 X X
1503 X X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 87

88 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER 15

CONSTRUCTION SAFEGUARDS

SECTION 1501 shall be of sufficient width to accommodate the pedestrian

GENERAL traffic, but in no case shall they be less than 4 feet (1219
[BG] 1501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall gov- mm) in width. Walkways shall be provided with a durable
ern safety during construction that is under the jurisdiction of walking surface. Walkways shall be accessible in accor-
this code and the protection of adjacent public and private dance with Chapter 11A of the California Building Code
properties. and shall be designed to support all imposed loads and in
no case shall the design live load be less than 150 pounds
[BG] 1501.2 Storage and placement. Construction equip- per square foot (psf) (7.2 kN/m2).
ment and materials shall be stored and placed so as not to
endanger the public, the workers or adjoining property for the [BS] 1501.6.2 Directional barricades. Pedestrian traffic
duration of the construction project. shall be protected by a directional barricade where the
walkway extends into the street. The directional barricade
[BG] 1501.3 Alterations, repairs, and additions. Required shall be of sufficient size and construction to direct vehic-
exits, existing structural elements, fire protection devices, and ular traffic away from the pedestrian path.
sanitary safeguards shall be maintained at all times during
alterations, repairs, or additions to any building or structure. [BS] 1501.6.3 Construction railings. Construction rail-
ings shall be at least 42 inches (1067 mm) in height and
Exceptions: shall be sufficient to direct pedestrians around construc-
1. When such required elements or devices are being tion areas.
altered or repaired, adequate substitute provisions [BS] 1501.6.4 Barriers. Barriers shall be a minimum of 8
shall be made. feet (2438 mm) in height and shall be placed on the side of
2. When the existing building is not occupied. the walkway nearest the construction. Barriers shall
[BG] 1501.4 Manner of removal. Waste materials shall be extend the entire length of the construction site. Openings
removed in a manner which prevents injury or damage to per- in such barriers shall be protected by doors which are nor-
sons, adjoining properties, and public rights-of-way. mally kept closed.
[BG] 1501.5 Fire safety during construction. Fire safety [BS] 1501.6.4.1 Barrier design. Barriers shall be
during construction shall comply with the applicable require- designed to resist loads required in Chapter 16 of the
ments of the California Building Code and the applicable California Building Code unless constructed as fol-
provisions of Chapter 33 of the California Fire Code. lows:
[BS] 1501.6 Protection of pedestrians. Pedestrians shall be 1. Barriers shall be provided with 2 × 4 top and bot-
protected during construction and demolition activities as tom plates.
required by Sections 1501.6.1 through 1501.6.7 and Table 2. The barrier material shall be a minimum of 3/4
1501.6. Signs shall be provided to direct pedestrian traffic. inch (19.1 mm) boards or 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) wood
[BS] 1501.6.1 Walkways. A walkway shall be provided structural use panels.
for pedestrian travel in front of every construction and 3. Wood structural use panels shall be bonded with
demolition site unless the applicable governing authority an adhesive identical to that for exterior wood
authorizes the sidewalk to be fenced or closed. Walkways structural use panels.

[BS] TABLE 1501.6

PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS
HEIGHT OF
DISTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION TO LOT LINE TYPE OF PROTECTION REQUIRED
CONSTRUCTION
Less than 5 feet Construction railings
8 feet or less
5 feet or more None
Less than 5 feet Barrier and covered walkway
5 feet or more, but not more than one-fourth
Barrier and covered walkway
the height of construction
More than 8 feet 5 feet or more, but between one-fourth and
Barrier
one-half the height of construction
5 feet or more, but exceeding one-half the
None
height of construction
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 89

CONSTRUCTION SAFEGUARDS

4. Wood structural use panels 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) or 1/16 lot line shall be enclosed with a barrier not less than 6 feet
inch (1.6 mm) in thickness shall have studs (1829 mm) high. Where located more than 5 feet (1524
spaced not more than 2 feet (610 mm) on center. mm) from the street lot line, a barrier shall be erected
5. Wood structural use panels 3 /8 inch (9.5 mm) or when required by the code official. Barriers shall be of
1
/2 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness shall have studs adequate strength to resist wind pressure as specified in
spaced not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center, Chapter 16 of the California Building Code.
provided a 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) 1501.7 Facilities required. Sanitary facilities shall be pro-
stiffener is placed horizontally at the mid-height vided during construction or demolition activities in accor-
where the stud spacing exceeds 2 feet (610 mm) dance with the California Plumbing Code.
on center.
6. Wood structural use panels 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) or
thicker shall not span over 8 feet (2438 mm). SECTION 1502
PROTECTION OF ADJOINING PROPERTY
[BS] 1501.6.5 Covered walkways. Covered walkways
shall have a minimum clear height of 8 feet (2438 mm) as [BS] 1502.1 Protection required. Adjoining public and pri-
measured from the floor surface to the canopy overhead. vate property shall be protected from damage during con-
Adequate lighting shall be provided at all times. Covered struction and demolition work. Protection must be provided
walkways shall be designed to support all imposed loads. for footings, foundations, party walls, chimneys, skylights
In no case shall the design live load be less than 150 psf and roofs. Provisions shall be made to control water runoff
(7.2 kN/m2) for the entire structure. and erosion during construction or demolition activities. The
person making or causing an excavation to be made shall pro-
Exception: Roofs and supporting structures of covered
vide written notice to the owners of adjoining buildings
walkways for new, light-frame construction not
advising them that the excavation is to be made and that the
exceeding two stories above grade plane are permitted
adjoining buildings should be protected. Said notification
to be designed for a live load of 75 psf (3.6 kN/m2) or
shall be delivered not less than 10 days prior to the scheduled
the loads imposed on them, whichever is greater. In lieu
starting date of the excavation.
of such designs, the roof and supporting structure of a
covered walkway are permitted to be constructed as
follows:
SECTION 1503
1. Footings shall be continuous 2 × 6 members. TEMPORARY USE OF STREETS,
2. Posts not less than 4 × 6 shall be provided on ALLEYS AND PUBLIC PROPERTY
both sides of the roof and spaced not more than [BG] 1503.1 Storage and handling of materials. The tem-
12 feet (3658 mm) on center. porary use of streets or public property for the storage or han-
3. Stringers not less than 4 × 12 shall be placed on dling of materials or equipment required for construction or
edge upon the posts. demolition, and the protection provided to the public shall
comply with the provisions of the applicable governing
4. Joists resting on the stringers shall be at least 2 × authority and this chapter.
8 and shall be spaced not more than 2 feet (610
mm) on center. [BG] 1503.2 Obstructions. Construction materials and
equipment shall not be placed or stored so as to obstruct
5. The deck shall be planks at least 2 inches (51
access to fire hydrants, standpipes, fire or police alarm boxes,
mm) thick or wood structural panels with an exte-
catch basins or manholes, nor shall such material or equip-
rior exposure durability classification at least 23/32
ment be located within 20 feet (6.1 m) of a street intersection,
inch (18.3 mm) thick nailed to the joists.
or placed so as to obstruct normal observations of traffic sig-
6. Each post shall be knee-braced to joists and nals or to hinder the use of public transit loading platforms.
stringers by 2 × 4 minimum members 4 feet
(1219 mm) long. [BG] 1503.3 Utility fixtures. Building materials, fences,
sheds or any obstruction of any kind shall not be placed so as
7. A 2 × 4 minimum curb shall be set on edge along to obstruct free approach to any fire hydrant, fire department
the outside edge of the deck. connection, utility pole, manhole, fire alarm box, or catch
[BS] 1501.6.6 Repair, maintenance and removal. Pedes- basin, or so as to interfere with the passage of water in the
trian protection required by Section 1501.6 shall be main- gutter. Protection against damage shall be provided to such
tained in place and kept in good order for the entire length utility fixtures during the progress of the work, but sight of
of time pedestrians may be endangered. The owner or the them shall not be obstructed.
owner’s agent, upon the completion of the construction
activity, shall immediately remove walkways, debris and
other obstructions and leave such public property in as SECTION 1504
good a condition as it was before such work was com- FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
menced. [F] 1504.1 Where required. All structures under construc-
[BS] 1501.6.7 Adjacent to excavations. Every excavation tion, alteration, or demolition shall be provided with not less
on a site located 5 feet (1524 mm) or less from the street than one approved portable fire extinguisher in accordance

90 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 CONSTRUCTION SAFEGUARDS

with Section 906 of the California Fire Code and sized for [F] 1506.3 Detailed requirements. Standpipes shall be
not less than ordinary hazard as follows: installed in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 9 of
1. At each stairway on all floor levels where combustible the California Building Code.
materials have accumulated. Exception: Standpipes shall be either temporary or per-
2. In every storage and construction shed. manent in nature, and with or without a water supply, pro-
vided that such standpipes conform to the requirements of
3. Additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided Section 905 of the California Building Code as to capac-
where special hazards exist including, but not limited ity, outlets and materials.
to, the storage and use of flammable and combustible
liquids.
[F] 1504.2 Fire hazards. The provisions of this code and of SECTION 1507
the California Fire Code shall be strictly observed to safe- AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
guard against all fire hazards attendant upon construction [F] 1507.1 Completion before occupancy. In portions of a
operations. building where an automatic sprinkler system is required by
this code, it shall be unlawful to occupy those portions of the
building until the automatic sprinkler system installation has
SECTION 1505 been tested and approved, except as provided in Section
MEANS OF EGRESS 110.3.
[BS] 1505.1 Stairways required. Where a building has been [F] 1507.2 Operation of valves. Operation of sprinkler con-
constructed to a building height of 50 feet (15 240 mm) or trol valves shall be permitted only by properly authorized
four stories, or where an existing building exceeding 50 feet personnel and shall be accompanied by notification of duly
(15 240 mm) in building height is altered, at least one tempo- designated parties. When the sprinkler protection is being
rary lighted stairway shall be provided unless one or more of regularly turned off and on to facilitate connection of newly
the permanent stairways are erected as the construction pro- completed segments, the sprinkler control valves shall be
gresses. checked at the end of each work period to ascertain that pro-
[F] 1505.2 Maintenance of means of egress. Required tection is in service.
means of egress shall be maintained at all times during con-
struction, demolition, remodeling or alterations and additions
to any building. SECTION 1508
Exception: Approved temporary means of egress systems ACCESSIBILITY
and facilities. [BE] 1508.1 Construction sites. Structures, sites, and equip-
ment directly associated with the actual process of construc-
tion, including but not limited to scaffolding, bridging,
SECTION 1506 material hoists, material storage, or construction trailers are
STANDPIPE SYSTEMS not required to be accessible.
[F] 1506.1 Where required. In buildings required to have
standpipes by Section 905.3.1 of the California Building
SECTION 1509
Code, not less than one standpipe shall be provided for use
WATER SUPPLY FOR FIRE PROTECTION
during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed prior
to construction exceeding 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height [F] 1509.1 When required. An approved water supply for
above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. fire protection, either temporary or permanent, shall be made
Such standpipe shall be provided with fire department hose available as soon as combustible material arrives on the site.
connections at accessible locations adjacent to usable stair-
ways. Such standpipes shall be extended as construction pro-
gresses to within one floor of the highest point of
construction having secured decking or flooring.
[F] 1506.2 Buildings being demolished. Where a building or
portion of a building is being demolished and a standpipe is
existing within such a building, such standpipe shall be main-
tained in an operable condition so as to be available for use
by the fire department. Such standpipe shall be demolished
with the building but shall not be demolished more than one
floor below the floor being demolished.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 91

92 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 16 – REFERNCED STANDARDS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
X X
are listed below
Chapter / Section
ASCE/SEI 7-10 X X
ASTM C 94-C94M-13 X X
ASTM F 2006-10 X X
ICC 300-12 X X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 93

94 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER 16

REFERENCED STANDARDS

This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the
promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this
document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section 102.4, or Cali-
fornia Administration Division I, as applicable.

ASCE/SEI American Society of Civil Engineers

Structural Engineering Institute
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, VA 20191-4400

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

7—10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

with Supplement No. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.1.4.1, 403.4, 403.9, A104
41—13 Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301.1.4, 301.1.4.1, Table 301.1.4.1,
301.1.4.2, Table 301.1.4.2, 402.4, Table 402.4,
403.4, 404.2.1, Table 404.2.1, 404.2.3, 407.4

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers

1791 Tullie Circle, NE
Atlanta, GA 30329

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

62.1—2013 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .809.2

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

3 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

ASME A17.1/
CSA B44—2013 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.8.2, 705.1.2, 902.1.2
A17.3—2008 Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.1.2
A18.1—2008 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.8.3, 705.1.3

ASTM ASTM International

100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

C 94/C94M—13 Specification for Ready-mixed Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.3.1

E 84—13A Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1205.9

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 95

REFERENCED STANDARDS

ASTM—continued
E 108—11 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205.5
E 136—2012 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
F 2006—10 Standard Safety Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices for Non Emergency
Escape (Egress) and Rescue (Ingress) Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406.2, 702.4
F 2090—10 Standard Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices with Emergency (Egress)
Release Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.2, 702.4, 705.5

ICC International Code Council, Inc.

500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor
Washington, DC 20001

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

CBC—16 California Building Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4.1, 106.2.2, 109.3.3, 109.3.8, 110.2, 202, 301.1,
301.1.4, 301.1.4.1, 301.1.4.2 401.2.3, 402.1, 402.2,
402.3, 402.3.1, 402.4, 403.1, 403.2, 403.3, 403.3.1, 403.4, 403.4.1,
403.8, 403.9, 404.2.1, 404.2.3, 404.3, 404.4, 404.5, 406.3, 407.1, 407.3,
407.4, 408.3, 410.4, 410.4.2, 410.6, 410.8.1, 410.8.4, 410.8.6, 410.8.5,
410.8.7, 410.8.8, 410.8.10, 410.8.14, 410.9, 410.9.3, 410.9.4, 501.3, 601.3,
602.3, 606.1, 606.2.2.1, 606.2.2.3, 606.2.3, 606.2.4 701.2, 701.3, 702.1, 702.2,
702.3, 702.4, 702.5, 702.6, 705.1, 705.1.1, 705.1.4, 705.1.7, 705.1.8, 705.1.9,
706.1, 706.3, 706.3.2, 707.2, 707.3.1, 707.3.2 801.3, 802.1, 803.2.1, 803.2.3,
803.3, 803.4, 803.5.2, 803.6, 804.1.1, 804.2, 804.2.2, 804.2.3, 804.2.4,
804.3, 805.3.1, 805.3.1.2.1, 805.4.3, 805.5, 805.6, 805.7.1, 805.8.1, 805.9.2,
805.10.1.1, 805.10.1.2, 805.10.1.3, 805.10.2, 805.11.2, 806.2, 806.3, 806.4, 806.5,
807.2, 807.4, 807.5, 807.6 904.1.2, 904.1.3, 904.2, 904.2.1, 904.2.2, 905.2,
905.3, 906.2, 907.4, 907.4.2 1001.3, 1002.1, 1002.2, 1007.1, 1007.2, 1007.3.1, 1011.1,
1012.1.1.1, 1012.1.1.2, 1012.2.1, 1012.2.2, 1012.3, 1012.4.1, 1012.4.2, 1012.4.3,
1012.5.1, 1012.5.1.1, 1012.5.3, 1012.6.1, 1012.6.3, 1012.7.1, 1012.7.2, 1012.7.3,
1012.8, 1012.8.2 1102.1, 1102.2, 1102.3, 1103.1, 1103.2, 1103.3, 1103.3.1, 1103.3.2,
1103.4, 1103.5, 1201.4, 1202.3, 1202.4, 1203.12, 1204.1, 1204.1.4, 1205.2,
1205.9, 1205.15, 1301.2, 1302.1, 1302.2, 1302.2.1, 1302.3, 1302.4, 1302.5,
1302.6, 1401.2.2, 1401.2.3, 1401.2.4, 1401.3.3, 1401.4.1, 1401.6.1, 1401.6.1.1,
1401.6.2, 1401.6.2.1, 1401.6.3.1, 1401.6.3.2, 1401.6.4.1, 1401.6.5, 1401.6.5.1,
1401.6.6, 1401.6.7.1, 1401.6.8, 1401.6.9, 1401.6.9.1, 1401.6.10, 1401.6.10.1,
1401.6.11, 1401.6.11.1, 1401.6.12.1, 1401.6.13, 1401.6.15.1, 1401.6.16.1,
1401.6.17, 1401.6.17.1, 1401.6.18, 1401.6.18.1, 1401.6.19,
Table 1401.6.19, 1501.5, 1501.6.1, 1501.6.4.1,
1501.6.7, 1506.1, 1506.3
ICC A117.1—09 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410.8.2, 410.8.3, 410.8.10, 705.1.2, 705.1.3
ICC 300—12 ICC Standard on Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating and Grandstands. . . . . . .…………………….401.1
IECC—15 International Energy Conservation Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.2, 702.6, 708.1, 811.1, 908.1
IFC—15 International Fire Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101.4.2, 301.1.1, 301.2, 402.5, 403.10, 803.2.1, 803.2.3,
804.4.1.1, 804.4.1.2, 804.4.1.3, 804.4.1.4, 804.4.1.5,
804.4.1.6, 804.4.1.7, 804.4.3, 1012.5.1.1, 1104.1, 1301.2,
1401.3.2, 1401.6.8.1, 1401.6.14, 1401.6.14.1,
1501.5, 1504.1, 1504.2
IFGC—15 International Fuel Gas Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.2, 702.6.1
CMC—16 California Mechanical Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.2, 702.6, 809.1, 902.1.1, 902.2.1, 1009.1,
1401.6.7.1, 1401.6.8, 1401.6.8.1
CPC—16 California Plumbing Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.2, 609.1, 702.6, 810.1, 1010.1, 1010.2, 1010.3, 1010.5, 1501.7
IPMC—15 International Property Maintenance Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101.4.2, 301.2, 1301.2, 1401.3.2
CRC—16 California Residential Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4.1, 301.2, 402.2, 403.2, 404.5, 408.3, 602.3,
701.3, 702.5, 706.2, 707.2, 707.4, 707.5, 708.1 807.4,
808.3, 811.1, 907.4, 908.1, 1103.2, 1103.3, 1103.4, 1104.1,
1106.1, 1201.4, 1301.2, 1302.1, 1302.2, 1302.2.1,
1302.3, 1302.4, 1302.6, 1302.5, 1401.2.2, 1401.2.3, 1401.3.3

96 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 REFERENCED STANDARDS

NFPA National Fire Protection Agency

1 Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02269-9101

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

NFPA 13R—13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in

Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.2.5
NFPA 70—14 National Electrical Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.3, 301.2, 607.1.1, 607.1.2,
607.1.3, 607.1.4, 607.1.5, 808.1, 808.3.4,
808.3.7, 1008.1, 1008.2, 1008.3, 1008.4
NFPA 72—13 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.2.5, 804.4
NFPA 99—15 Health Care Facilities Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.1.4
NFPA 101—15 Life Safety Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.2

UL UL LLC
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, IL 60062

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

723—08 Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials with
Revisions Through September 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205.9
790—04 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings with Revisions through October 2008 . . . . . . . 1205.5

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 97

98 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX A
CHAPTER A1 – SEISMIC STRENGTHENING PROVISIONS
FOR UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALL BUILDINGS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections X X X
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section
A100 X X X
A103-BUILDING CODE X X X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 99

100 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 Appendix A: Guidelines for the Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings

CHAPTER A1

SEISMIC STRENGTHENING PROVISIONS

FOR UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALL BUILDINGS

SECTION A100 Enforcing Agency—The local building department

APPLICATION or the Department of Housing and Community
Development.
[BS] A100.1 Vesting authority. When adopted by a state
agency, the provisions of these regulations shall be enforced Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sections
by the appropriate enforcing agency, but only to the extent of 18300, 18620, 18640, 18865, 18873 and 18873.2.
authority granted to such agency by the state legislature. Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 18200
Following is a list of the state agencies that adopt building through 18700 and 18860 through 18874.
standards, the specific scope of application of the agency
responsible for enforcement, and the specific statutory
authority of each agency to adopt and enforce such provi- SECTION A101
sions of building standards of this code, unless otherwise PURPOSE
stated. [BS] A101.1 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to pro-
mote public safety and welfare by reducing the risk of death
1. BSC—California Building Standards Commission. or injury that may result from the effects of earthquakes on
Application—Existing buildings as specified in Section existing unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings.
A102 having at least one unreinforced masonry bear- The provisions of this chapter are intended as minimum
ing wall, with the exception of buildings subject to standards for structural seismic resistance, and are established
building standards pursuant to Health and Safety primarily to reduce the risk of life loss or injury. Compliance
Code, commencing with Section 17910. with these provisions will not necessarily prevent loss of life
Enforcing Agency—State or local agency specified or injury, or prevent earthquake damage to rehabilitated
by the applicable provisions of the law. buildings.

Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Section

18934.7. SECTION A102
Reference— Health and Safety Code Sections 18901 SCOPE
through 18949. [BS] A102.1 General. The provisions of this chapter shall
apply to all existing buildings having at least one unrein-
2. HCD 1—The Department of Housing and Commu- forced masonry bearing wall. The elements regulated by this
nity Development. chapter shall be determined in accordance with Table A1-A.
Application—Hotels, motels, lodging houses, apart- Except as provided herein, other structural provisions of the
ments, dwellings, employee housing and factory-built building code shall apply. This chapter does not apply to the
housing. alteration of existing electrical, plumbing, mechanical or fire
safety systems.
Enforcing Agency—The local building department
or the Department of Housing and Community [BS] A102.2 Essential and hazardous facilities. The provi-
Development. sions of this chapter shall not apply to the strengthening of
buildings in Risk Category III or IV. Such buildings shall be
Authority Cited—Health and Safety Code Sections strengthened to meet the requirements of the California
17040, 17921, 17922 and 19990. Building Code for new buildings of the same risk category or
other such criteria approved by the code official.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
through 17060, 17910 through 17990, 19960
through 19997; and Government Code Section SECTION A103
12955.1. DEFINITIONS
3. HCD 2—The Department of Housing and Commu- For the purpose of this chapter, the applicable definitions
nity Development. in the California Building Code as adopted by the California
Application—Permanent buildings and permanent Building Standards Commission (BSC) shall also apply:
accessory buildings or structures constructed within BUILDING CODE. [BSC, HCD 1 and HCD 2] “Building
mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks. Code” shall mean the most current edition of the California

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 101

APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

Building Code, Title 24, Part 2 as adopted by the California A = Cross-sectional area of unreinforced masonry pier or
Building Standards Commission (BSC). wall, square inches (10-6 m2).
[BS] COLLAR JOINT. The vertical space between adjacent Ab = Total area of the bed joints above and below the test
wythes. A collar joint may contain mortar or grout. specimen for each in-place shear test, square inches
[BS] CROSSWALL. A new or existing wall that meets the (10-6 m2).
requirements of Section A111.3 and the definition of Section D = In-plane width dimension of pier, inches (10-3 m), or
A111.3. A crosswall is not a shear wall. depth of diaphragm, feet (m).
[BS] CROSSWALL SHEAR CAPACITY. The unit shear DCR = Demand-capacity ratio specified in Section A111.4.2.
value times the length of the crosswall, vcLc.
f′m = Compressive strength of masonry.
[BS] DIAPHRAGM EDGE. The intersection of the horizon-
tal diaphragm and a shear wall. fsp = Tensile-splitting strength of masonry.
[BS] DIAPHRAGM SHEAR CAPACITY. The unit shear Fwx = Force applied to a wall at level x, pounds (N).
value times the depth of the diaphragm, vuD. H = Least clear height of opening on either side of a pier,
[BS] FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM.A diaphragm of wood or inches (10-3 m).
untopped metal deck construction. h/t = Height-to-thickness ratio of URM wall. Height, h, is
[BS] NORMAL WALL. A wall perpendicular to the direc- measured between wall anchorage levels and/or
tion of seismic forces. slab-on-grade.
[BS] OPEN FRONT. An exterior building wall line without L = Span of diaphragm between shear walls, or span
vertical elements of the lateral-force-resisting system in one between shear wall and open front, feet (m).
or more stories.
Lc = Length of crosswall, feet (m).
[BS] POINTING. The process of removal of deteriorated
mortar from between masonry units and placement of new Li = Effective span for an open-front building specified
mortar. Also known as repointing or tuckpointing for pur- in Section A111.8, feet (m).
poses of this chapter. P = Applied force as determined by standard test method
[BS] REPOINTING. See “Pointing.” of ASTM C 496 or ASTM E 519, pounds (N).
[BS] RIGID DIAPHRAGM. A diaphragm of concrete con- PD = Superimposed dead load at the location under
struction. consideration, pounds (kN). For determination of
the rocking shear capacity, dead load at the top of
[BS] TUCKPOINTING. See “Pointing.”
the pier under consideration shall be used.
[BS] UNREINFORCED MASONRY. Includes burned
clay, concrete or sand-lime brick; hollow clay or concrete pD+L = Press resulting from the dead plus actual live load in
block; plain concrete; and hollow clay tile. These materials place at the time of testing, pounds per square inch
shall comply with the requirements of Section A106 as appli- (kPa).
cable. Pw = Weight of wall, pounds (N).
[BS] UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALL. R = Response modification factor for Ordinary plain
A URM wall that provides the vertical support for the reac- masonry shear walls in Bearing Wall System from
tion of floor or roof-framing members. Table 12.2-1 of ASCE 7, where R = 1.5.
[BS] UNREINFORCED MASONRY (URM) WALL. A SDS = Design spectral acceleration at short period, in g
masonry wall that relies on the tensile strength of masonry units.
units, mortar and grout in resisting design loads, and in which
the area of reinforcement is less than 25 percent of the mini- SD1 = Design spectral acceleration at 1-second period, in g
mum ratio required by the building code for reinforced units.
masonry. va = The shear strength of any URM pier, vmA/1.5 pounds
[BS] YIELD STORY DRIFT. The lateral displacement of (N).
one level relative to the level above or below at which yield vc = Unit shear capacity value for a crosswall sheathed
stress is first developed in a frame member. with any of the materials given in Table A1-D or
A1-E, pounds per foot (N/m).
SECTION A104 vm = Shear strength of unreinforced masonry, pounds per
SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS square inch (kPa).
For the purpose of this chapter, the following notations sup- Vaa = The shear strength of any URM pier or wall, pounds
plement the applicable symbols and notations in the building (N).
code. Vca = Total shear capacity of crosswalls in the direction of
an = Diameter of core multiplied by its length or the area analysis immediately above the diaphragm level
of the side of a square prism. being investigated, vcLc, pounds (N).

102 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

Vcb = Total shear capacity of crosswalls in the direction of indicate all existing and new crosswalls and shear walls
analysis immediately below the diaphragm level and their materials of construction. The location of
being investigated, vcLc, pounds (N). these walls and their openings shall be fully dimen-
Vp = Shear force assigned to a pier on the basis of its sioned and drawn to scale on the plans.
relative shear rigidity, pounds (N). 2. Dimensioned wall elevations showing openings, piers,
Vr = Pier rocking shear capacity of any URM wall or wall wall classes as defined in Section A106.3.3.8, thick-
pier, pounds (N). ness, heights, wall shear test locations, cracks or dam-
aged portions requiring repairs, the general condition of
vt = Mortar shear strength as specified in Section the mortar joints, and if and where pointing is required.
A106.3.3.5, pounds per square inch (kPa). Where the exterior face is veneer, the type of veneer, its
Vtest = Load at incipient cracking for each in-place shear thickness and its bonding and/or ties to the structural
test performed in accordance with Section wall masonry shall also be noted.
A106.3.3.1, pounds (kN). 3. The type of interior wall and ceiling materials, and
vto = Mortar shear test values as specified in Section framing.
A106.3.3.5, pounds per square inch (kPa). 4. The extent and type of existing wall anchorage to floors
vu = Unit shear capacity value for a diaphragm sheathed and roof when used in the design.
with any of the materials given in Table A1-D or
5. The extent and type of parapet corrections that were
A1-E, pounds per foot (N/m).
previously performed, if any.
Vwx = Total shear force resisted by a shear wall at the level
under consideration, pounds (N). 6. Repair details, if any, of cracked or damaged unrein-
forced masonry walls required to resist forces specified
W = Total seismic dead load as defined in the building in this chapter.
code, pounds (N).
7. All other plans, sections and details necessary to delin-
Wd = Total dead load tributary to a diaphragm level, eate required retrofit construction.
pounds (N).
8. The design procedure used shall be stated on both the
Ww = Total dead load of a URM wall above the level plans and the permit application.
under consideration or above an open-front building,
pounds (N). 9. Details of the anchor prequalification program required
by Section A107.5.3, if used, including location and
Wwx = Dead load of a URM wall assigned to level x results of all tests.
halfway above and below the level under
consideration, pounds (N). [BS] A105.4 Structural observation, testing and inspec-
tion. Structural observation, in accordance with Section 1704
vuD = Sum of diaphragm shear capacities of both ends of of the California Building Code, shall be required for struc-
the diaphragm, pounds (N). tures in which seismic retrofit is being performed in accor-
vuD = For diaphragms coupled with crosswalls, vuD dance with this chapter. Structural observation shall include
includes the sum of shear capacities of both ends of visual observation of work for conformance with the
diaphragms coupled at and above the level under approved construction documents and confirmation of exist-
consideration, pounds (N). ing conditions assumed during design.
Wd = Total dead load of all the diaphragms at and above Structural testing and inspection for new construction
the level under consideration, pounds (N). materials shall be in accordance with the California Building
Code, except as modified by this chapter.

SECTION A105
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION A106
[BS] A105.1 General. The seismic-force-resisting system MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
specified in this chapter shall comply with the building code, [BS] A106.1 General. Materials permitted by this chapter,
except as modified herein. including their appropriate strength design values and those
[BS] A105.2 Alterations and repairs. Alterations and existing configurations of materials specified herein, may be
repairs required to meet the provisions of this chapter shall used to meet the requirements of this chapter.
comply with applicable structural requirements of the build- [BS] A106.2 Existing materials. Existing materials used as
ing code unless specifically provided for in this chapter. part of the required vertical-load-carrying or lateral-force-
[BS] A105.3 Requirements for plans. The following con- resisting system shall be in sound condition, or shall be
struction information shall be included in the plans required repaired or removed and replaced with new materials. All
by this chapter: other unreinforced masonry materials shall comply with the
following requirements:
1. Dimensioned floor and roof plans showing existing
walls and the size and spacing of floor and roof-fram- 1. The lay-up of the masonry units shall comply with Sec-
ing members and sheathing materials. The plans shall tion A106.3.2, and the quality of bond between the

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 103

APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

units has been verified to the satisfaction of the build- [BS] A106.3.3.1 Mortar tests. The quality of mortar in
ing official; all masonry walls shall be determined by performing
in-place shear tests in accordance with the following:
2. Concrete masonry units are verified to be load-bearing
units complying with ASTM C 90 or such other stan- 1. The bed joints of the outer wythe of the masonry
dard as is acceptable to the building official; and shall be tested in shear by laterally displacing a
single brick relative to the adjacent bricks in the
3. The compressive strength of plain concrete walls shall same wythe. The head joint opposite the loaded
be determined based on cores taken from each class of end of the test brick shall be carefully excavated
concrete wall. The location and number of tests shall be and cleared. The brick adjacent to the loaded end
the same as those prescribed for tensile-splitting of the test brick shall be carefully removed by
strength tests in Sections A106.3.3.3 and A106.3.3.4, or sawing or drilling and excavating to provide
in Section A108.1. space for a hydraulic ram and steel loading
The use of materials not specified herein or in Section blocks. Steel blocks, the size of the end of the
A108.1 shall be based on substantiating research data or engi- brick, shall be used on each end of the ram to dis-
neering judgment, with the approval of the building official. tribute the load to the brick. The blocks shall not
contact the mortar joints. The load shall be
[BS] A106.3 Existing unreinforced masonry. applied horizontally, in the plane of the wythe.
The load recorded at first movement of the test
[BS] A106.3.1 General. Unreinforced masonry walls used brick as indicated by spalling of the face of the
to carry vertical loads or seismic forces parallel and per- mortar bed joints is Vtest in Equation A1-3.
pendicular to the wall plane shall be tested as specified in
this section. All masonry that does not meet the minimum 2. Alternative procedures for testing shall be used
standards established by this chapter shall be removed and where in-place testing is not practical because of
replaced with new materials, or alternatively, shall have its crushing or other failure mode of the masonry
structural functions replaced with new materials and shall unit (see Section A106.3.3.2).
be anchored to supporting elements. [BS] A106.3.3.2 Alternative procedures for testing
[BS] A106.3.2 Lay-up of walls. masonry. The tensile-splitting strength of existing
masonry, fsp, or the prism strength of existing masonry,
[BS] A106.3.2.1 Multiwythe solid brick. The facing f 'm may be determined in accordance with one of the
and backing shall be bonded so that not less than 10 following procedures:
percent of the exposed face area is composed of solid
1. Wythes of solid masonry units shall be tested by
headers extending not less than 4 inches (102 mm) into
sampling the masonry by drilled cores of not less
the backing. The clear distance between adjacent full-
than 8 inches (203 mm) in diameter. A bed joint
length headers shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm)
intersection with a head joint shall be in the cen-
vertically or horizontally. Where the backing consists
ter of the core. The tensile-splitting strength of
of two or more wythes, the headers shall extend not less
these cores should be determined by the standard
than 4 inches (102 mm) into the most distant wythe, or
test method of ASTM C 496. The core should be
the backing wythes shall be bonded together with sepa-
placed in the test apparatus with the bed joint 45
rate headers with their area and spacing conforming to
degrees from the horizontal. The tensile-splitting
the foregoing. Wythes of walls not bonded as described
strength should be determined by the following
above shall be considered veneer. Veneer wythes shall
equation:
not be included in the effective thickness used in calcu-
lating the height-to-thickness ratio and the shear capac- 2P
f sp = -------- (Equation A1-1)
ity of the wall. πa n
Exception: Where SD1 is not more than 0.3, veneer 2. Hollow unit masonry constructed of through- the-
wythes anchored as specified in the building code wall units shall be tested by sampling the
and made composite with backup masonry may be masonry by a sawn square prism of not less than
used for calculation of the effective thickness. 18 inches square (11 613 mm2). The tensile-split-
[BS] A106.3.2.2 Grouted or ungrouted hollow con- ting strength should be determined by the stan-
crete or clay block and structural hollow clay tile. dard test method of ASTM E 519. The diagonal
Grouted or ungrouted hollow concrete or clay block of the prism should be placed in a vertical posi-
and structural hollow clay tile shall be laid in a running tion. The tensile-splitting strength should be
bond pattern. determined by the following equation:
0.494P
[BS] A106.3.2.3 Other lay-up patterns. Lay-up pat- f sp = ----------------- (Equation A1-2)
terns other than those specified in Sections A106.3.2.1 an
and A106.3.2.2 above are allowed if their performance
3. An alternative to material testing is estimation of
can be justified.
the f'm of the existing masonry. This alternative
[BS] A106.3.3 Testing of masonry. should be limited to recently constructed

104 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

masonry. The determination of f'm requires that rioration. The shear strength of any wall class
the unit correspond to a specification of the unit shall be no greater than that of the weakest wythe
by an ASTM standard and classification of the of that class.
mortar by type.
[BS] A106.3.3.6 Minimum quality of masonry.
[BS] A106.3.3.3 Location of tests. The shear tests
shall be taken at locations representative of the mortar 1. The minimum average value of tensile-splitting
conditions throughout the entire building, taking into strength determined by Equation A1-1 or A1-2
account variations in workmanship at different building shall be 50 pounds per square inch (344.7 kPa).
height levels, variations in weathering of the exterior The minimum value of f'm determined by catego-
surfaces, and variations in the condition of the interior rization of the masonry units and mortar should
surfaces due to deterioration caused by leaks and con- be 1,000 pounds per square inch (6895 kPa).
densation of water and/or by the deleterious effects of 2. Individual unreinforced masonry walls with aver-
other substances contained within the building. The age tensile-splitting strength of less than 50
exact test locations shall be determined at the building pounds per square inch (344.7 kPa) shall be
site by the engineer or architect in responsible charge of entirely pointed prior to retesting.
the structural design work. An accurate record of all
such tests and their locations in the building shall be 3. Hollow unit unreinforced masonry walls with
recorded, and these results shall be submitted to the estimated prism compressive strength of less than
building department for approval as part of the struc- 1,000 pounds per square inch (6895 kPa) shall be
tural analysis. grouted to increase the average net area compres-
sive strength.
[BS] A106.3.3.4 Number of tests. The minimum num-
ber of tests per class shall be as follows: [BS] A106.3.3.7 Collar joints. The collar joints shall
be inspected at the test locations during each in-place
1. At each of both the first and top stories, not less shear test, and estimates of the percentage of adjacent
than two tests per wall or line of wall elements wythe surfaces that are covered with mortar shall be
providing a common line of resistance to lateral reported along with the results of the in-place shear
forces. tests.
2. At each of all other stories, not less than one test
[BS] A106.3.3.8 Unreinforced masonry classes.
per wall or line of wall elements providing a
Existing unreinforced masonry shall be categorized
common line of resistance to lateral forces.
into one or more classes based on shear strength, qual-
3. In any case, not less than one test per 1,500 ity of construction, state of repair, deterioration and
square feet (139.4 m2) of wall surface and not less weathering. A class shall be characterized by the allow-
than a total of eight tests. able masonry shear stress determined in accordance
[BS] A106.3.3.5 Minimum quality of mortar. with Section A108.2. Classes shall be defined for
whole walls, not for small areas of masonry within a
1. Mortar shear test values, v to, in pounds per wall.
square inch (kPa) shall be obtained for each in-
place shear test in accordance with the following [BS] A106.3.3.9 Pointing. Deteriorated mortar joints
equation: in unreinforced masonry walls shall be pointed in
accordance with the following requirements:
vto = (Vtest/Ab) - PD+L (Equation A1-3)
1. Joint preparation. The deteriorated mortar shall
2. Individual unreinforced masonry walls with vto be cut out by means of a toothing chisel or non-
consistently less than 30 pounds per square inch impact power tool to a depth at which sound mor-
(207 kPa) shall be entirely pointed prior to retest- tar is reached but not less than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm).
ing. Care shall be taken not to damage the brick
3. The mortar shear strength, vt, is the value in edges. After cutting is complete, all loose mate-
pounds per square inch (kPa) that is exceeded by rial shall be removed with a brush, air stream or
80 percent of the mortar shear test values, vto. water stream.
4. Unreinforced masonry with mortar shear 2. Mortar preparation. The mortar mix shall be
strength, vt, less than 30 pounds per square inch proportioned as required by the registered design
(207 kPa) shall be removed, pointed and retested professional. The pointing mortar shall be prehy-
or shall have its structural function replaced, and drated by first thoroughly mixing all ingredients
shall be anchored to supporting elements in dry and then mixing again, adding only enough
accordance with Sections A106.3.1 and A113.8. water to produce a damp workable mix which
When existing mortar in any wythe is pointed to will retain its form when pressed into a ball. The
increase its shear strength and is retested, the mortar shall be kept in a damp condition for 11/2
condition of the mortar in the adjacent bed joints hours; then sufficient water shall be added to
of the inner wythe or wythes and the opposite bring it to a consistency that is somewhat drier
outer wythe shall be examined for extent of dete- than conventional masonry mortar.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 105

APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

3. Packing. The joint into which the mortar is to be [BS] A107.5.1 Direct tension testing of existing anchors
packed shall be damp but without freestanding and new bolts. The test apparatus shall be supported by
water. The mortar shall be tightly packed into the the masonry wall. The distance between the anchor and
joint in layers not exceeding 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in the test apparatus support shall be not less than one-half
depth until it is filled; then it shall be tooled to a the wall thickness for existing anchors and 75 percent of
smooth surface to match the original profile. the embedment for new embedded bolts. Existing wall
anchors shall be given a preload of 300 pounds (1335 N)
Nothing shall prevent pointing of any deteriorated
prior to establishing a datum for recording elongation. The
masonry wall joints before testing is performed in
tension test load reported shall be recorded at 1/8 inch (3.2
accordance with Section A106.3.3, except as required
mm) relative movement between the existing anchor and
in Section A107.1.
the adjacent masonry surface. New embedded tension
bolts shall be subject to a direct tension load of not less
than 2.5 times the design load but not less than 1,500
SECTION A107 pounds (6672 N) for five minutes (10-percent deviation).
QUALITY CONTROL
[BS] A107.5.2 Torque testing of new bolts. Bolts embed-
[BS] A107.1 Pointing. Preparation and mortar pointing shall ded in unreinforced masonry walls shall be tested using a
be performed with special inspection. torque-calibrated wrench to the following minimum
Exception: At the discretion of the building official, inci- torques:
dental pointing may be performed without special inspec- 1
/2-inch-diameter (12.7 mm) bolts: 40 foot pounds (54.2
tion. N-m).
5
[BS] A107.2 Masonry shear tests. In-place masonry shear /8-inch-diameter (15.9 mm) bolts: 50 foot pounds (67.8
tests shall comply with Section A106.3.3.1. Testing of N-m).
masonry for determination of tensile-splitting strength shall 3
/4-inch-diameter (19.1 mm) bolts: 60 foot pounds (81.3
comply with Section A106.3.3.2.
N-m).
[BS] A107.3 Existing wall anchors. Existing wall anchors [BS] A107.5.3 Prequalification test for bolts and other
used as all or part of the required tension anchors shall be types of anchors. This section is applicable when it is
tested in pullout according to Section A107.5.1. The mini- desired to use tension or shear values for anchors greater
mum number of anchors tested shall be four per floor, with than those permitted by Table A1-E. The direct-tension
two tests at walls with joists framing into the wall and two test procedure set forth in Section A107.5.1 for existing
tests at walls with joists parallel to the wall, but not less than anchors shall be used to determine the allowable tension
10 percent of the total number of existing tension anchors at values for new embedded through bolts, except that no
each level. preload is required. Bolts shall be installed in the same
[BS] A107.4 New bolts. All new embedded bolts shall be manner and using the same materials as will be used in the
subject to periodic special inspection in accordance with the actual construction. A minimum of five tests for each bolt
building code, prior to placement of the bolt and grout or size and type shall be performed for each class of masonry
adhesive in the drilled hole. Five percent of all bolts that do in which they are proposed to be used. The allowable ten-
not extend through the wall shall be subject to a direct-ten- sion values for such anchors shall be the lesser of the aver-
sion test, and an additional 20 percent shall be tested using a age ultimate load divided by a safety factor of 5.0 or the
calibrated torque wrench. Testing shall be performed in average load at which 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) elongation occurs
accordance with Section A107.5. New bolts that extend for each size and type of bolt and class of masonry.
through the wall with steel plates on the far side of the wall The test procedure for prequalification of shear bolts shall
need not be tested. comply with ASTM E 488 or another approved procedure.
Exception: Special inspection in accordance with the The allowable values determined in this manner shall
building code may be provided during installation of new be permitted to exceed those set forth in Table A1-E.
anchors in lieu of testing. [BS] A107.5.4 Reports. Results of all tests shall be
All new embedded bolts resisting tension forces or a com- reported. The report shall include the test results as related
bination of tension and shear forces shall be subject to peri- to anchor size and type, orientation of loading, details of
odic special inspection in accordance with the building code, the anchor installation and embedment, wall thickness and
prior to placement of the bolt and grout or adhesive in the joist orientation.
drilled hole. Five percent of all bolts resisting tension forces
shall be subject to a direct-tension test, and an additional 20 SECTION A108
percent shall be tested using a calibrated torque wrench. Test- DESIGN STRENGTHS
ing shall be performed in accordance with Section A107.5.
New through-bolts need not be tested. [BS] A108.1 Values.
[BS] A107.5 Tests of anchors in unreinforced masonry 1. Strength values for existing materials are given in
walls. Tests of anchors in unreinforced masonry walls shall Table A1-D and for new materials in Table A1-E.
be in accordance with Sections A107.5.1 through A107.5.4. 2. Capacity reduction factors need not be used.

106 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

3. The use of new materials not specified herein shall be SECTION A109
based on substantiating research data or engineering ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PROCEDURE
judgment, with the approval of the building official. [BS] A109.1 General. The elements of buildings hereby
[BS] A108.2 Masonry shear strength. The unreinforced required to be analyzed are specified in Table A1-A.
masonry shear strength, vm, shall be determined for each [BS] A109.2 Selection of procedure. Buildings with rigid
masonry class from one of the following equations: diaphragms shall be analyzed by the general procedure of
1. The unreinforced masonry shear strength, vm, shall be Section A110, which is based on the building code. Buildings
determined by Equation A1-4 when the mortar shear with flexible diaphragms shall be analyzed by the general
strength has been determined by Section A106.3.3.1. procedure or, when applicable, may be analyzed by the spe-
cial procedure of Section A111.
0.75P
v m = 0.56v t + ----------------D- (Equation A1-4)
A
SECTION A110
The mortar shear strength values, vt, shall be determined in GENERAL PROCEDURE
accordance with Section A106.3.3.
[BS] A110.1 Minimum design lateral forces. Buildings
2. The unreinforced masonry shear, vm, shall be deter- shall be analyzed to resist minimum lateral forces assumed to
mined by Equation (A1-5) when tensile-splitting act nonconcurrently in the direction of each of the main axes
strength has been determined in accordance with Sec- of the structure in accordance with the following:
tion A106.3.3.2, Item 1 or 2.
0.75S DS W
PD V = ------------------------
- (Equation A1-7)
vm = 0.8f sp + 0.5 ------ (Equation A1-5) R
A
[BS] A110.2 Lateral forces on elements of structures. Parts
3. When f 'm has been estimated by categorization of the and portions of a structure not covered in Sections A110.3
units and mortar in accordance with Section 2105.1 of shall be analyzed and designed per the current building code,
the California Building Code, the unreinforced using force levels defined in Section A110.1.
masonry shear strength, vm, shall not exceed 200
Exceptions:
pounds per square inch (1380 kPa) or the lesser of the
following: 1. Unreinforced masonry walls for which height-to-
thickness ratios do not exceed ratios set forth in
a) 2.5 f ′ m or Table A1-B need not be analyzed for out-of-plane
loading. Unreinforced masonry walls that exceed the
b) 200 psi or
allowable h/t ratios of Table A1-B shall be braced
PD according to Section A113.5.
c) v + 0.75 ------ (Equation A1-6)
A 2. Parapets complying with Section A113.6 need not
For SI: 1 psi = 6.895 kPa. be analyzed for out-of-plane loading.
where: 3. Walls shall be anchored to floor and roof dia-
phragms in accordance with Section A113.1.
v = 62.5 psi (430 kPa) for running bond masonry not
grouted solid. [BS] A110.3 In-plane loading of URM shear walls and
frames. Vertical lateral-load-resisting elements shall be ana-
v = 100 psi (690 kPa) for running bond masonry lyzed in accordance with Section A112.
grouted solid.
[BS] A110.4 Redundancy and overstrength factors. Any
v = 25 psi (170 kPa) for stack bond grouted solid.
redundancy or overstrength factors contained in the building
[BS] A108.3 Masonry compression. Where any increase in code may be taken as unity. The vertical component of earth-
dead plus live compression stress occurs, the compression quake load (Ev) may be taken as zero.
stress in unreinforced masonry shall not exceed 300 pounds
per square inch (2070 kPa).
SECTION A111
[BS] A108.4 Masonry tension. Unreinforced masonry shall SPECIAL PROCEDURE
be assumed to have no tensile capacity.
[BS] A111.1 Limits for the application of this procedure.
[BS] A108.5 Existing tension anchors. The resistance val- The special procedures of this section may be applied only to
ues of the existing anchors shall be the average of the tension buildings having the following characteristics:
tests of existing anchors having the same wall thickness and
joist orientation. 1. Flexible diaphragms at all levels above the base of the
structure.
[BS] A108.6 Foundations. For existing foundations, new
total dead loads may be increased over the existing dead load 2. Vertical elements of the lateral-force-resisting system
by 25 percent. New total dead load plus live load plus seismic consisting predominantly of masonry or concrete shear
forces may be increased over the existing dead load plus live walls.
load by 50 percent. Higher values may be justified only in 3. Except for single-story buildings with an open front on
conjunction with a geotechnical investigation. one side only, a minimum of two lines of vertical ele-

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APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

ments of the lateral-force-resisting system parallel to [BS] A111.4 Wood diaphragms.

each axis of the building (see Section A111.8 for open- [BS] A111.4.1 Acceptable diaphragm span. A dia-
front buildings). phragm is acceptable if the point (L,DCR) on Figure A1-1
[BS] A111.2 Lateral forces on elements of structures. With falls within Region 1, 2 or 3.
the exception of the provisions in Sections A111.4 through
[BS] A111.4.2 Demand-capacity ratios. Demand-capac-
A111.7, elements of structures shall comply with Sections
ity ratios shall be calculated for the diaphragm at any level
A110.2 through A110.4.
according to the following formulas:
[BS] A111.3 Crosswalls. Crosswalls shall meet the require-
1. For a diaphragm without qualifying crosswalls at
ments of this section.
levels immediately above or below:
[BS] A111.3.1 Crosswall definition. A crosswall is a
DCR = 2.1SD1Wd/ΣvuD (Equation A1-9)
wood-framed wall sheathed with any of the materials
described in Table A1-D or A1-E or other system as 2. For a diaphragm in a single-story building with
defined in Section A111.3.5. Crosswalls shall be spaced qualifying crosswalls, or for a roof diaphragm cou-
no more than 40 feet (12 192 mm) on center measured per- pled by crosswalls to the diaphragm directly below:
pendicular to the direction of consideration, and shall be
DCR = 2.1SD1Wd/ΣvuD + Vcb (Equation A1-10)
placed in each story of the building. Crosswalls shall
extend the full story height between diaphragms. 3. For diaphragms in a multistory building with quali-
Exceptions: fying crosswalls in all levels:
1. Crosswalls need not be provided at all levels DCR = 2.1SD1Wd/(ΣΣvuD + Vcb) (Equation A1-11)
when used in accordance with Section A111.4.2, DCR shall be calculated at each level for the set of
Item 4. diaphragms at and above the level under consider-
2. Existing crosswalls need not be continuous below ation. In addition, the roof diaphragm shall also
a wood diaphragm at or within 4 feet (1219 mm) meet the requirements of Equation (A1-10).
of grade, provided: 4. For a roof diaphragm and the diaphragm directly
2.1. Shear connections and anchorage require- below, if coupled by crosswalls:
ments of Section A111.5 are satisfied at all
edges of the diaphragm. DCR = 2.1SD1ΣWd/ΣΣvuD (Equation A1-12)
2.2. Crosswalls with total shear capacity of [BS] A111.4.3 Chords. An analysis for diaphragm
0.5SD1ΣWd interconnect the diaphragm to flexure need not be made, and chords need not be pro-
the foundation. vided.
2.3. The demand-capacity ratio of the dia- [BS] A111.4.4 Collectors. An analysis of diaphragm col-
phragm between the crosswalls that are lector forces shall be made for the transfer of diaphragm
continuous to their foundations does not edge shears into vertical elements of the lateral-force-
exceed 2.5, calculated as follows: resisting system. Collector forces may be resisted by new
or existing elements.
( 2.1S D1 W d + V ca )
DCR = ------------------------------------------
- (Equation A1-8) [BS] A111.4.5 Diaphragm openings.
2v u D
1. Diaphragm forces at corners of openings shall be
[BS] A111.3.2 Crosswall shear capacity. Within any 40 investigated and shall be developed into the dia-
feet (12 192 mm) measured along the span of the diaphragm, phragm by new or existing materials.
the sum of the crosswall shear capacities shall be at least 30
percent of the diaphragm shear capacity of the strongest dia- 2. In addition to the demand-capacity ratios of Sec-
phragm at or above the level under consideration. tion A111.4.2, the demand-capacity ratio of the
portion of the diaphragm adjacent to an opening
[BS] A111.3.3 Existing crosswalls. Existing crosswalls shall be calculated using the opening dimension as
shall have a maximum height-to-length ratio between open- the span.
ings of 1.5 to 1. Existing crosswall connections to dia-
phragms need not be investigated as long as the crosswall 3. Where an opening occurs in the end quarter of the
extends to the framing of the diaphragms above and below. diaphragm span, the calculation of vuD for the
demand-capacity ratio shall be based on the net
[BS] A111.3.4 New crosswalls. New crosswall connec- depth of the diaphragm.
tions to the diaphragm shall develop the crosswall shear
capacity. New crosswalls shall have the capacity to resist [BS] A111.5 Diaphragm shear transfer. Diaphragms shall
an overturning moment equal to the crosswall shear capac- be connected to shear walls with connections capable of
ity times the story height. Crosswall overturning moments developing the diaphragm-loading tributary to the shear wall
need not be cumulative over more than two stories. given by the lesser of the following formulas:
[BS] A111.3.5 Other crosswall systems. Other systems, V = 1.2SD1CpWd (Equation A1-13)
such as moment-resisting frames, may be used as cross- using the Cp values in Table A1-C, or
walls provided that the yield story drift does not exceed 1
inch (25.4 mm) in any story. V = vuD (Equation A1-14)

108 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

[BS] A111.6 Shear walls (In-plane loading). SECTION A112

[BS] A111.6.1 Wall story force. The wall story force dis- ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
tributed to a shear wall at any diaphragm level shall be the [BS] A112.1 General. The following requirements are appli-
lesser value calculated as: cable to both the general procedure and the special procedure
for analyzing vertical elements of the lateral-force-resisting
Fwx = 0.8SD1(Wwx + Wd /2) (Equation A1-15) system.
but need not exceed [BS] A112.2 Existing unreinforced masonry walls.
Fwx = 0.8SD1Wwx + vuD (Equation A1-16) [BS] A112.2.1 Flexural rigidity. Flexural components of
[BS] A111.6.2 Wall story shear. The wall story shear deflection may be neglected in determining the rigidity of
shall be the sum of the wall story forces at and above the an unreinforced masonry wall.
level of consideration. [BS] A112.2.2 Shear walls with openings. Wall piers
shall be analyzed according to the following procedure,
Vwx = ΣFwx (Equation A1-17) which is diagramed in Figure A1-2.
[BS] A111.6.3 Shear wall analysis. Shear walls shall 1. For any pier,
comply with Section A112.
1.1. The pier shear capacity shall be calculated as:
[BS] A111.6.4 Moment frames. Moment frames used in
place of shear walls shall be designed as required by the Va = vmA/1.5 (Equation A1-20)
building code, except that the forces shall be as specified 1.2. The pier rocking shear capacity shall be calcu-
in Section A111.6.1, and the story drift ratio shall be lim- lated as:
ited to 0.015, except as further limited by Section
A112.4.2. Vr = 0.9PDD/H (Equation A1-21)
[BS] A111.7 Out-of-plane forces—unreinforced masonry 2. The wall piers at any level are acceptable if they com-
walls. ply with one of the following modes of behavior:
[BS] A111.7.1 Allowable unreinforced masonry wall 2.1. Rocking controlled mode. When the pier rock-
height- to-thickness ratios. The provisions of Section ing shear capacity is less than the pier shear
A110.2 are applicable, except the allowable height-to- capacity, i.e., Vr < Va for each pier in a level,
thickness ratios given in Table A1-B shall be determined forces in the wall at that level, Vwx, shall be dis-
from Figure A1-1 as follows: tributed to each pier in proportion to PDD/H.
1. In Region 1, height-to-thickness ratios for buildings For the wall at that level:
with crosswalls may be used if qualifying crosswalls 0.7Vwx < ΣVr (Equation A1-22)
are present in all stories.
2.2. Shear controlled mode. Where the pier shear
2. In Region 2, height-to-thickness ratios for buildings
capacity is less than the pier rocking capacity,
with crosswalls may be used whether or not qualify-
i.e., Va < Vr in at least one pier in a level, forces
ing crosswalls are present.
in the wall at the level, Vwx, shall be distributed
3. In Region 3, height-to-thickness ratios for “all other to each pier in proportion to D/H.
buildings” shall be used whether or not qualifying
For each pier at that level:
crosswalls are present.
[BS] A111.7.2 Walls with diaphragms in different Vp < Va (Equation A1-23)
regions. When diaphragms above and below the wall and
under consideration have demand-capacity ratios in differ-
ent regions of Figure A1-1, the lesser height-to-thickness Vp < Vr (Equation A1-24)
ratio shall be used. If Vp < Va for each pier and Vp > Vr for one or
[BS] A111.8 Open-front design procedure. A single-story more piers, such piers shall be omitted from
building with an open front on one side and crosswalls paral- the analysis, and the procedure shall be
lel to the open front may be designed by the following proce- repeated for the remaining piers, unless the
dure: wall is strengthened and reanalyzed.
3. Masonry pier tension stress. Unreinforced masonry
1. Effective diaphragm span, Li, for use in Figure A1-1
wall piers need not be analyzed for tension stress.
shall be determined in accordance with the following
formula: [BS] A112.2.3 Shear walls without openings. Shear
walls without openings shall be analyzed the same as for
Li = 2[(Ww /Wd) L + L] (Equation A1-18) walls with openings, except that Vr shall be calculated as
2. Diaphragm demand-capacity ratio shall be calculated follows:
as:
Vr = 0.9(PD + 0.5Pw)D/H (Equation A1-25)
DCR = 2.1SD1(Wd + Ww)/[(vuD) + Vcb]
[BS] A112.3 Plywood-sheathed shear walls. Plywood-
(Equation A1-19) sheathed shear walls may be used to resist lateral forces for

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 109

APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

buildings with flexible diaphragms analyzed according to [BS] A113.4 Ties and continuity. Ties and continuity shall
provisions of Section A111. Plywood-sheathed shear walls conform to the requirements of the building code.
may not be used to share lateral forces with other materials
[BS] A113.5 Wall bracing.
along the same line of resistance.
[BS] A112.4 Combinations of vertical elements. [BS] A113.5.1 General. Where a wall height-to-thickness
ratio exceeds the specified limits, the wall may be laterally
[BS] A112.4.1 Lateral-force distribution. Lateral forces supported by vertical bracing members per Section
shall be distributed among the vertical-resisting elements A113.5.2 or by reducing the wall height by bracing per
in proportion to their relative rigidities, except that Section A113.5.3.
moment- resisting frames shall comply with Section
A112.4.2. [BS] A113.5.2 Vertical bracing members. Vertical brac-
ing members shall be attached to floor and roof construc-
[BS] A112.4.2 Moment-resisting frames. Moment- tion for their design loads independently of required wall
resisting frames shall not be used with an unreinforced anchors. Horizontal spacing of vertical bracing members
masonry wall in a single line of resistance unless the wall shall not exceed one-half of the unsupported height of the
has piers that have adequate shear capacity to sustain rock- wall or 10 feet (3048 mm). Deflection of such bracing
ing in accordance with Section A112.2.2. The frames shall members at design loads shall not exceed one-tenth of the
be designed in accordance with the building code to carry wall thickness.
100 percent of the lateral forces tributary to that line of
resistance, as determined from Equation A1-7. The story [BS] A113.5.3 Intermediate wall bracing. The wall
drift ratio shall be limited to 0.0075. height may be reduced by bracing elements connected to
the floor or roof. Horizontal spacing of the bracing ele-
ments and wall anchors shall be as required by design, but
SECTION A113 shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) on center. Bracing ele-
DETAILED SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ments shall be detailed to minimize the horizontal dis-
placement of the wall by the vertical displacement of the
[BS] A113.1 Wall anchorage.
floor or roof.
[BS] A113.1.1 Anchor locations. Unreinforced masonry
walls shall be anchored at the roof and floor levels as [BS] A113.6 Parapets. Parapets and exterior wall append-
required in Section A110.2. Ceilings of plaster or similar ages not conforming to this chapter shall be removed, or sta-
materials, when not attached directly to roof or floor fram- bilized or braced to ensure that the parapets and appendages
ing and where abutting masonry walls, shall either be remain in their original positions.
anchored to the walls at a maximum spacing of 6 feet The maximum height of an unbraced unreinforced
(1829 mm), or be removed. masonry parapet above the lower of either the level of tension
[BS] A113.1.2 Anchor requirements. Anchors shall con- anchors or the roof sheathing shall not exceed the height-to-
sist of bolts installed through the wall as specified in Table thickness ratio shown in Table A1-F. If the required parapet
A1-E, or an approved equivalent at a maximum anchor height exceeds this maximum height, a bracing system
spacing of 6 feet (1829 mm). All wall anchors shall be designed for the forces determined in accordance with the
secured to the joists to develop the required forces. building code shall support the top of the parapet. Parapet
corrective work must be performed in conjunction with the
[BS] A113.1.3 Minimum wall anchorage. Anchorage of installation of tension roof anchors.
masonry walls to each floor or roof shall resist a mini-
mum force determined as 0.9SDS times the tributary The minimum height of a parapet above any wall anchor
weight or 200 pounds per linear foot (2920 N/m), which- shall be 12 inches (305 mm).
ever is greater, acting normal to the wall at the level of Exception: If a reinforced concrete beam is provided at
the floor or roof. Existing wall anchors, if used, must the top of the wall, the minimum height above the wall
meet the requirements of this chapter or must be anchor may be 6 inches (152 mm).
upgraded.
[BS] A113.7 Veneer.
[BS] A113.1.4 Anchors at corners. At the roof and floor
levels, both shear and tension anchors shall be provided 1. Veneer shall be anchored with approved anchor ties
within 2 feet (610 mm) horizontally from the inside of the conforming to the required design capacity specified in
corners of the walls. the building code and shall be placed at a maximum
spacing of 24 inches (610 mm) with a maximum sup-
[BS] A113.2 Diaphragm shear transfer. Bolts transmitting ported area of 4 square feet (0.372 m2).
shear forces shall have a maximum bolt spacing of 6 feet
(1829 mm) and shall have nuts installed over malleable iron Exception: Existing anchor ties for attaching brick
or plate washers when bearing on wood, and heavy-cut wash- veneer to brick backing may be acceptable, provided
ers when bearing on steel. the ties are in good condition and conform to the fol-
lowing minimum size and material requirements.
[BS] A113.3 Collectors. Collector elements shall be pro-
vided that are capable of transferring the seismic forces origi- Existing veneer anchor ties may be considered
nating in other portions of the building to the element adequate if they are of corrugated galvanized iron
providing the resistance to those forces. strips not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in width, 8

110 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

inches (203 mm) in length and 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in independent secondary columns shall be installed to support
thickness, or the equivalent. vertical loads of the roof or floor members.
2. The location and condition of existing veneer anchor Exception: Secondary supports are not required where
ties shall be verified as follows: SD1 is less than 0.3g.
2.1. An approved testing laboratory shall verify the [BS] A113.10 Adjacent buildings. Where elements of adja-
location and spacing of the ties and shall submit cent buildings do not have a separation of at least 5 inches
a report to the building official for approval as (127 mm), the allowable height-to-thickness ratios for “all
part of the structural analysis. other buildings” per Table A1-B shall be used in the direction
2.2. The veneer in a selected area shall be removed of consideration.
to expose a representative sample of ties (not
less than four) for inspection by the building SECTION A114
official. WALLS OF UNBURNED CLAY,
[BS] A113.8 Nonstructural masonry walls. Unreinforced ADOBE OR STONE MASONRY
masonry walls that carry no design vertical or lateral loads [BS] A114.1 General. Walls of unburned clay, adobe or
and that are not required by the design to be part of the lat- stone masonry construction shall conform to the following:
eral-force resisting system shall be adequately anchored to
1. Walls of unburned clay, adobe or stone masonry shall
new or existing supporting elements. The anchors and ele-
not exceed a height- or length-to-thickness ratio speci-
ments shall be designed for the out-of-plane forces specified
fied in Table A1-G.
in the building code. The height- or length-to-thickness ratio
between such supporting elements for such walls shall not 2. Adobe may be allowed a maximum value of 9 pounds
exceed nine. per square inch (62.1 kPa) for shear unless higher val-
ues are justified by test.
[BS] A113.9 Truss and beam supports. Where trusses and
beams other than rafters or joists are supported on masonry, 3. Mortar for repointing may be of the same soil composition
and stabilization as the brick, in lieu of cement-mortar.
[BS] TABLE A1-A
ELEMENTS REGULATED BY THIS CHAPTER
SD1
BUILDING ELEMENTS
≥ 0.067g < 0.133g ≥ 0.133g < 0.20g ≥ 0.20g < 0.30g > 0.30g

Parapets X X X X
Walls, anchorage X X X X
Walls, h/t ratios X X X
Walls, in-plane shear X X X
Diaphragmsa X X
Diaphragms, shear transferb X X X
Diaphragms, demand-capacity ratiosb X X
a. Applies only to buildings designed according to the general procedures of Section A110.
b. Applies only to buildings designed according to the special procedures of Section A111.

[BS] TABLE A1-B

ALLOWABLE VALUE OF HEIGHT-TO-THICKNESS RATIO OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS
SD1 ≥ 0.4g SD1 > 0.4g
WALL TYPES 0.13g ≤ SD1 < 0.25g 0.25g ≤ SD1 < 0.4g
BUILDINGS WITH CROSSWALLSa ALL OTHER BUILDINGS
Walls of one-story buildings 20 16 16b,c 13
First-story wall of multistory building 20 18 16 15
Walls in top story of multistory building 14 14 14b,c 9
All other walls 20 16 16 13
a. Applies to the special procedures of Section A111 only. See Section A111.7 for other restrictions.
b. This value of height-to-thickness ratio may be used only where mortar shear tests establish a tested mortar shear strength, νt, of not less than 100 pounds per
square inch (690 kPa). This value may also be used where the tested mortar shear strength is not less than 60 pounds per square inch (414 kPa), and where a
visual examination of the collar joint indicates not less than 50-percent mortar coverage.
c. Where a visual examination of the collar joint indicates not less than 50-percent mortar coverage, and the tested mortar shear strength, νt, is greater than 30
pounds per square inch (207 kPa) but less than 60 pounds per square inch (414 kPa), the allowable height-to-thickness ratio may be determined by linear
interpolation between the larger and smaller ratios in direct proportion to the tested mortar shear strength.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 111

APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

[BS] TABLE A1-C

HORIZONTAL FORCE FACTOR, Cp
CONFIGURATION OF MATERIALS Cp

Roofs with straight or diagonal sheathing and roofing applied directly to the sheathing, or floors with straight tongue-and- 0.50
groove sheathing.
Diaphragms with double or mulitple layers of boards with edges offset, and blocked plywood systems. 0.75
Diaphragms of metal deck without topping:
Minimal welding or mechanical attachment. 0.6
Welded or mechanically attached for seismic resistance. 0.68

[BS] TABLE A1-D

STRENGTH VALUES FOR EXISTING MATERIALS
STRENGTH VALUES
EXISTING MATERIALS OR CONFIGURATION OF MATERIALSa
x 14.594 for N/m

Roofs with straight sheathing and roofing applied directly to the

300 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
sheathing.
Roofs with diagonal sheathing and roofing applied directly to the
750 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
sheathing.
Floors with straight tongue-and-groove sheathing. 300 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
Horizontal
diaphragms Floors with straight sheathing and finished wood flooring with board
1,500 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
edges offset or perpendicular.
Floors with diagonal sheathing and finished wood flooring. 1,800 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
c
Metal deck welded with minimal welding. 1,800 lbs, per ft. for seismic shear
d
Metal deck welded for seismic resistance. 3,000 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
Plaster on wood or metal lath. 600 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
Plaster on gypsum lath. 550 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
Crosswallsb
Gypsum wallboard, unblocked edges. 200 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
Gypsum wallboard, blocked edges. 400 lbs. per ft. for seismic shear
f'c = 1,500 psi (10.34 MPa) unless otherwise
Plain concrete footings.
shown by tests
Existing footing, wood
framing, structural steel, Douglas fir wood. Same as D.F. No. 1
reinforcing steel Reinforcing steel. Fy= 40,000 psi (124.1 N/mm2) maximum
Structural steel. Fy= 33,000 psi (137.9 N/mm2) maximum

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.16 mm2, 1 pound = 4.4 N.
a. Material must be sound and in good condition.
b. Shear values of these materials may be combined, except the total combined value should not exceed 900 pounds per foot (4380 N/m).
c. Minimum 22-gage steel deck with welds to supports satisfying the standards of the Steel Deck Institute.
d. Minimum 22-gage steel deck with 3/4 φ plug welds at an average spacing not exceeding 8 inches (203 mm) and with sidelap welds appropriate for the deck
span.

112 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

[BS] TABLE A1-E

STRENGTH VALUES OF NEW MATERIALS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH EXISTING CONSTRUCTION
NEW MATERIALS OR CONFIGURATION OF MATERIALS STRENGTH VALUES
Plywood sheathing applied directly over existing straight sheathing
Horizontal diaphragms with ends of plywood sheets bearing on joists or rafters and edges of 675 lbs. per ft.
plywood located on center of individual sheathing boards.
Plywood sheathing applied directly over wood studs; no value
1.2 times the value specified in the current
should be given to plywood applied over existing plaster or wood
building code.
sheathing.
Crosswalls The value specified in the current building
Drywall or plaster applied directly over wood studs.
code.
50 percent of the value specified in the
Drywall or plaster applied to sheathing over existing wood studs.
current building code.
Bolts extending entirely through unreinforced masonry wall secured
5,400 lbs. per bolt.
Tension boltse with bearing plates on far side of a three-wythe-minimum wall with
2,700 lbs. for two-wythe walls.
at least 30 square inches of area.b,c
The value for plain masonry specified for
Bolts embedded a minimum of 8 inches into unreinforced masonry
solid masonry in the current building code;
Shear boltse walls; bolts should be centered in 21/2-inch-diameter holes with dry-
no value larger than those given for 3/4-inch
pack or nonshrink grout around the circumference of the bolt.
bolts should be used.
Through-bolts—bolts meeting the requirements for shear and for Tension—same as for tension bolts.
tension bolts.b,c Shear—same as for shear bolts.
Combined tension and Embedded bolts—bolts extending to the exterior face of the wall
shear bolts with a 21/2-inch round plate under the head and drilled at an angle of Tension—3,600 lbs. per bolt.
221/2 degrees to the horizontal; installed as specified for shear Shear—same as for shear bolts.
bolts.a,b,c
Reinforced masonry infilled openings in existing unreinforced Same as values specified for unreinforced
Infilled walls
masonry walls; provide keys or dowels to match reinforcing. masonry walls.
The value specified in the current building
Reinforced masonryd Masonry piers and walls reinforced per the current building code.
code for strength design.
Concrete footings, walls and piers reinforced as specified in the The value specified in the current building
Reinforced concreted
current building code. code for strength design.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.16 mm2, 1 pound = 4.4 N.
a. Embedded bolts to be tested as specified in Section A107.4.
b. Bolts to be 1/2 inch minimum in diameter.
c. Drilling for bolts and dowels shall be done with an electric rotary drill; impact tools should not be used for drilling holes or tightening anchors and shear bolt nuts.
d. No load factors or capacity reduction factor shall be used.
e. Other bolt sizes, values and installation methods may be used, provided a testing program is conducted in accordance with Section A107.5.3. The strength
value shall be determined by multiplying the calculated allowable value, determined in accordance with Section A107.5.3, by 3.0, and the usable value shall
be limited to a maximum of 1.5 times the value given in the table. Bolt spacing shall not exceed 6 feet on center and shall be not less than 12 inches on center.

[BS] TABLE A1-F

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE HEIGHT-TO-THICKNESS RATIOS FOR PARAPETS
SD1

0.13g ≤ SD1 < 0.25g 0.25g ≤ SD1 < 0.4g SD1 ≥ 0.4g

Maximum allowable height-to-thickness ratios 2.5 2.5 1.5

[BS] TABLE A1-G

MAXIMUM HEIGHT-TO-THICKNESS RATIOS FOR ADOBE OR STONE WALLS
SD1

0.13g ≤ SD1 < 0.25g 0.25g ≤ SD1 < 0.4g SD1 ≥ 0.4g

One-story buildings 12 10 8
Two-story buildings
First story 14 11 9
Second story 12 10 8

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 113

APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

[BS] FIGURE A1-1

ACCEPTABLE DIAPHRAGM SPAN

114 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A1

[BS] FIGURE A1-2

ANALYSIS OF URM WALL IN-PLANE SHEAR FORCES

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 115

116 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
This UBC Standard is reprinted for reference.

REFERENCED STANDARDS

UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARD 21–4

HOLLOW AND SOLID LOAD-BEARING
CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
Based on Standard Specification C 90–95 of the ASTM International.
Extracted, with permission, from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, copyright
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428

Note: See Appendix Chapter A1, Section A106, California Existing Building Code

Section 21.401 — Scope vided the requirements of ASTM C 150 as modified

This standard covers solid (units with 75 percent or more net above are met.
area) and hollow load-bearing concrete masonry units made 2. Blended Cements—ASTM C 595.
from portland cement, water and mineral aggregates with or 3. Hydrated Lime, Type S—UBC Standard 21-13.
without the inclusion of other materials.
21.403.2 Other constituents and aggregates. Air-entraining
agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, finely
Section 21.402 — Classification ground silica, aggregates, and other constituents, shall be pre-
21.402.1 Types. Two types of concrete masonry units in each viously established as suitable for use in concrete or shall be
of two grades are covered as follows: shown by test or experience to not be detrimental to the dura-
bility of the concrete.
21.402.1.1 Type I, moisture-controlled units. Units desig-
nated as Type I shall conform to all requirements of this stan-
dard including the moisture content requirements of Table Section 21.404 — Physical Requirements
21–4-A. At the time of delivery to the work site, the units shall con-
21.402.1.2 Type II, nonmoisture-controlled units. Units form to the physical requirements prescribed in Table 21–4–
designated as Type II shall conform to all requirements of B. The moisture content of Type I concrete masonry units at
this standard except the moisture content requirements of time of delivery shall conform to the requirements prescribed
Table 21–4-A. in Table 21–4-A.
21.402.2 Grades. Concrete masonry units manufactured in At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the linear shrinkage
accordance with this standard shall conform to two grades as of Type II units shall not exceed 0.065 percent.
follows:
21.402.2.1 Grade N. Units having a weight classification of Section 21.405 — Minimum Face-shell and Web
85 pcf (1360 kg/m3) or greater, for general use such as in Thicknesses
exterior walls below and above grade that may or may not be
exposed to moisture penetration or the weather and for inte- Face-shell (FST) and web (WT) thicknesses shall conform to
rior walls and backup. the requirements listed in Table 21–4-C.
21.402.2.2 Grade S. Units having a weight classification of
less than 85 pcf (1360 kg/m3), for uses limited to above-grade Section 21.406 — Permissible Variations in
installation in exterior walls with weather-protective coatings Dimensions
and in walls not exposed to the weather. 21.406.1 Precision units. For precision units, no overall
dimension (width, height and length) shall differ by more
Section 21.403 — Materials than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) from the specified standard dimen-
sions.
21.403.1 Cementitious materials. Materials shall conform to
the following applicable standards: 21.406.2 Particular feature units. For particular feature
units, dimensions shall be in accordance with the following:
1. Portland Cement—ASTM C 150 modified as follows:
1. For molded face units, no overall dimension (width,
Limitation on insoluble residue—1.5 percent maximum. height and length) shall differ by more than 1/8 inch (3.2
Limitation on air content of mortar, mm) from the specified standard dimension. Dimen-
Volume percent—22 percent maximum. sions of molded features (ribs, scores, hex-shapes, pat-
Limitation on loss on ignition—7 percent maximum. terns, etc.) shall be within 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of the
Limestone with a minimum 85 percent calcium carbon-
ate (CaCO3) content may be added to the cement, pro-

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 117

REFERENCED STANDARDS

specified standard dimensions and shall be within 1/16 Units that are intended to serve as a base for plaster or
inch (1.6 mm) of the specified placement of the unit. stucco shall have a sufficiently rough surface to afford a good
2. For split-faced units, all non-split overall dimensions bond.
(width, height and length) shall differ by no more than Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction, the
1
/8 inch (3.2 mm) from the specified standard dimen- face or faces that are to be exposed shall be free of chips,
sions. On faces that are split, overall dimensions will cracks or other imperfections when viewed from 20 feet
vary. Local suppliers should be consulted to determine (6100 mm), except that not more than 5 percent of a shipment
dimensional tolerances achievable. may have slight cracks or small chips not larger than 1 inch
3. For slumped units, no overall height dimension shall (25.4 mm).
differ by more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) from the specified
standard dimension. On faces that are slumped, overall Section 21.408 — Methods of Sampling and Testing
dimensions will vary. Local suppliers should be con-
sulted to determine dimension tolerances achievable. The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded
proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at the place of
Note: Standard dimensions of units are the manufacturer’s manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.
designated dimensions. Nominal dimensions of modular size
units, except slumped units, are equal to the standard dimen- Sample and test units in accordance with ASTM C 140.
sions plus 3/8 inch (9.5 mm), the thickness of one standard Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests of con-
mortar joint. Slumped units are equal to the standard dimen- crete masonry units made with the same materials, concrete
sions plus 1/2 inch (13 mm), the thickness of one standard mix design, manufacturing process and curing method, con-
mortar joint. Nominal dimensions of nonmodular size units ducted in accordance with ASTM C 426 and not more than
usually exceed the standard dimensions by 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch 24 months prior to delivery.
(3.2 mm to 6.4 mm).
Section 21.409 — Rejection
Section 21.407 — Visual Inspection
If the samples tested from a shipment fail to conform to the
All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects specified requirements, the manufacturer may sort it, and new
that would interfere with the proper placing of the unit or specimens shall be selected by the purchaser from the
impair the strength or permanence of the construction. Units retained lot and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. If
may have minor cracks incidental to the usual method of the second set of specimens fails to conform to the specified
manufacture, or minor chipping resulting from customary requirements, the entire lot shall be rejected.
methods of handling in shipment and delivery.

TABLE 21–4-A
MOISTURE CONTENT REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE I UNITS
MOISTURE CONTENT, MAX. PERCENT OF TOTAL ABSORPTION
(Average of 3 Units)
LINEAR SHRINKAGE, PERCENT
Humidity Conditions at Job site or Point of Use
Humid1 Intermediate2 Arid3

0.03 or less 45 40 35
From 0.03 to 0.045 40 35 30
0.045 to 0.065, max. 35 30 25
1
Average annual relative humidity above 75 percent.
2
Average annual relative humidity 50 to 75 percent.
3
Average annual relative humidity less than 50 percent.

TABLE 21–4-B
STRENGTH AND ABSORPTION REQUIREMENTS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, MIN, psi (MPa) WATER ABSORPTION, MAX, lb./ft. (kg/m) (Average of 3 Units)
Average Net Area Weight Classification—Oven–dry Weight of Concrete, lb./ft. (kg/m)
Lightweight, Medium Weight, Normal Weight,
Average of 3 Units Individual Unit
Less than 105 (1680) 105 to less than 125 (1680–2000) 125 (2000) or more

1900 (13.1) 1700 (11.7) 18 (288) 15 (240) 13 (208)

118 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 REFERENCED STANDARDS

TABLE 21–4-C
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF FACE-SHELLS AND WEBS
WEB THICKNESS (WT)
NOMINAL WIDTH (W) OF UNIT FACE–SHELL THICKNESS
(inches) (FST) MIN., (inches)1, 4 Equivalent Web Thickness,
Webs1 Min., (inches)
Min., In./Lin. Ft.2
× 25.4 for mm × 83 for mm/lin. m
3 3
3 and 4 /4 /4 15/8
6 1 1 21/4
8 11/4 1 21/4
10 13/8 11/8 21/2
11/43
12 11/2 11/8 21/2
11/43
1
Average of measurements on three units taken at the thinnest point.
2
Sum of the measured thickness of all webs in the unit, multiplied by 12 (305 when using metric), and divided by the length of the unit. In the case of open-
ended units where the open-ended portion is solid grouted, the length of that open-ended portion shall be deducted from the overall length of the unit.
3
This face-shell thickness (FST) is applicable where allowable design load is reduced in proportion to the reduction in thicknesses shown, except that allowable
design load on solid-grouted units shall not be reduced.
4
For split-faced units, a maximum of 10 percent of a shipment may have face-shell thicknesses less than those shown, but in no case less than 3/4 inch (19 mm).

UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARD 21-6

IN-PLACE MASONRY SHEAR TESTS
See Appendix Chapter 1, Sections A1 06.3.3 and A1 07.2, Uniform Code for Building Conservation
Note: See Appendix Chapter A1, Section A104, California Existing Building Code.

Section 21.601 — Scope Section 21.603 — Application of Load and

This standard applies when the Uniform Code for Building Determination of Results
Conservation (California Existing Building Code) requires in- Steel blocks, the size of the end of the brick, shall be used on
place testing of the quality of masonry mortar. each end of the ram to distribute the load to the brick. The
blocks shall not contact the mortar joints. The load shall be
applied horizontally, in the plane of the wythe, until either a
Section 21.602 — Preparation of Sample crack can be seen or slip occurs. The strength of the mortar
The bed joints of the outer wythe of the masonry shall be shall be calculated by dividing the load at the first cracking or
tested in shear by laterally displacing a single brick relative to movement of the test brick by the nominal gross area of the
the adjacent bricks in the same wythe. The head joint opposite sum of the two bed joints.
the loaded end of the test brick shall be carefully excavated
and cleared. The brick adjacent to the loaded end of the test
brick shall be carefully removed by sawing or drilling and
excavating to provide space for a hydraulic ram and steel
loading blocks.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 119

REFERENCED STANDARDS

UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARD 21-7

TESTS OF ANCHORS IN UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS
See Appendix Chapter 1, Section A1 07.3 and A1 07.4, Uniform Code for Building Conservation
Note: See Appendix Chapter A1, Section A105, A107.3, A107.4 and
Table A1-E, California Existing Building Code.

Section 21.701 — Scope Section 21.704 — Prequalification Test for Bolts and
Shear and tension anchors in existing masonry construction Other Types of Anchors
shall be tested in accordance with this standard when required This section is applicable when it is desired to use tension or
by the Uniform Code for Building Conservation (California shear values for anchors greater than those permitted by Table
Existing Building Code). A-1-E of the Uniform Code for Building Conservation (Cali-
fornia Existing Building Code). The direct-tension test proce-
Section 21.702 — Direct Tension Testing of Existing dure set forth in Section 2 1.702 for existing anchors may be
Anchors and New Bolts used to determine the allowable tension values for new embed-
The test apparatus shall be supported by the masonry wall. ded or through bolts, except that no preload is required. Bolts
The distance between the anchor and the test apparatus sup- shall be installed in the same manner and using the same mate-
port shall not be less than one half the wall thickness for exist- rials as will be used in the actual construction. A minimum of
ing anchors and 75 percent of the embedment for new five tests for each bolt size and type shall be performed for each
embedded bolts. Existing wall anchors shall be given a pre- class of masonry in which they are proposed to be used. The
load of 300 pounds (1335 N) prior to establishing a datum for allowable tension values for such anchors shall be the lesser of
recording elongation. The tension test load reported shall be the average ultimate load divided by a factor of safety of 5.0 or
recorded at 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) relative movement of the exist- the average load of which 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) elongation occurs
ing anchor and the adjacent masonry surface. New embedded for each size and type of bolt and class of masonry.
tension bolts shall be subject to a direct tension load of not Shear bolts may be similarly prequalified. The test procedure
less than 2.5 times the design load but not less than 1,500 shall comply with ASTM E 488-90 or another approved proce-
pounds (6672 N) for five minutes (10 percent deviation). dure.
The allowable values determined in this manner may exceed
Section 21.703 — Torque Testing of New Bolts those set forth in Table A-1-E of the Uniform Code for Build-
Bolts embedded in unreinforced masonry walls shall be tested ing Conservation (California Existing Building Code).
using a torque-calibrated wrench to the following minimum
torques: Section 21.705 — Reports
1
/2-inch-diameter (13 mm) bolts—40 foot pounds (54.2 N · m) Results of all tests shall be reported. The report shall include
5
/8-inch-diameter (16 mm) bolts—50 foot pounds (67.8 N · m) the test results as related to anchor size and type, orientation
3 of loading, details of the anchor installation and embedment,
/4-inch-diameter (19 mm) bolts—60 foot pounds (81.3 N · m) wall thickness, and joist orientation.

UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARD 21-8

POINTING OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS
See Appendix Chapter 1, Section A1 06.3.3.2, Uniform Code for Building Conservation
Note: See Appendix Chapter A1, Section A103 and A106.3.3.9, California Existing Building Code.

Section 21.801 — Scope tar shall be pre-hydrated by first thoroughly mixing all ingre-
Pointing of deteriorated mortar joints when required by the dients dry and then mixing again, adding only enough water
Uniform Code for Building Conservation (California Existing to produce a damp unworkable mix which will retain its form
Building Code) shall be in accordance with this standard. when pressed into a ball. The mortar shall be kept in a damp
condition for one and one-half hours; then sufficient water
Section 21.802 — Joint Preparation shall be added to bring it to a consistency that is somewhat
drier than conventional masonry mortar.
The old or deteriorated mortar joint shall be cut out, by means of
a toothing chisel or nonimpact power tool, to a uniform depth of Section 21.804 — Packing
3
/4 inch (19 mm) until sound mortar is reached. Care shall be
taken not to damage the brick edges. After cutting is complete, all The joint into which the mortar is to be packed shall be damp
loose material shall be removed with a brush, air or water stream. but without freestanding water. The mortar shall be tightly
packed into the joint in layers not exceeding 1/4 inch (6.4 mm)
Section 21.803 — Mortar Preparation in depth until it is filled; then it shall be tooled to a smooth
surface to match the original profile.
The mortar mix shall be Type N or Type S proportioned as
required by the construction specifications. The pointing mor-

120 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 REFERENCED STANDARDS

UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARD 21–13

HYDRATED LIME FOR MASONRY PURPOSES
Based on Standard Specification C 207–91 (Reapproved 1992) of the ASTM International.
Extracted, with permission, from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, copyright
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
See Section 2102.2, Item 3, Uniform Building Code
Note: See Referenced Standard UBC 21-4

Section 21.1301 — Scope Section 21.1305 — Chemical Requirements

This standard covers four types of hydrated lime. Types N Composition
and S are suitable for use in mortar, in the scratch and brown Hydrated lime for masonry purposes shall conform to the
coats of cement plaster, for stucco, and for addition to port- requirements as to chemical composition set forth in Table
land-cement concrete. Types NA and SA are air-entrained 21–13–A.
hydrated limes that are suitable for use in any of the above
uses where the inherent properties of lime and air entrainment
are desired. The four types of lime sold under this specifica- Section 21.1306 — Residue, Popping and Pitting
tion shall be designated as follows: The four types of hydrated lime for masonry purposes shall
Type N—Normal hydrated lime for masonry purposes. conform to one of the following requirements:
Type S—Special hydrated lime for masonry purposes. 1. The residue retained on a No. 30 (600 µm) sieve shall
not be more than 0.5 percent, or
Type NA—Normal air-entraining hydrated lime for masonry
purposes. 2. If the residue retained on a No. 30 (600 µm) sieve is
over 0.5 percent, the lime shall show no pops and pits
Type SA—Special air-entraining hydrated lime for masonry when tested.
purposes.
Note: Type S, special hydrated lime, and Type SA, special
air-entraining hydrated lime, are differentiated from Type Section 21.1307 — Plasticity
N, normal hydrated lime, and Type NA, normal air- The putty made from Type S, special hydrate, or Type SA,
entraining hydrated lime, principally by their ability to special air-entraining hydrate, shall have a plasticity figure of
develop high, early plasticity and higher water retentivity not less than 200 within 30 minutes after mixing with water,
and by a limitation on their unhydrated oxide content. when tested.

Section 21.1302 — Definition Section 21.1308 — Water Retention

HYDRATED LIME. The hydrated lime covered by Type N Hydrated lime mortar made with Type N, normal hydrated
or S in this standard shall contain no additives for the purpose lime, or Type NA, normal air-entraining hydrated lime, after
of entraining air. The air content of cement-lime mortars suction for 60 seconds, shall have a water-retention value of
made with Type N or S shall not exceed 7 percent. Types NA not less than 75 percent when tested in a standard mortar
and SA shall contain an air-entraining additive as specified by made from the dry hydrate or from putty made from the
Section 21.1305. The air content of cement-lime mortars hydrate which has been soaked for a period of 16 to 24 hours.
made with Type NA or SA shall have a minimum of 7 percent Hydrated lime mortar made with Type S, special hydrated
and a maximum of 14 percent. lime, or Type SA, special air-entraining hydrated lime, after
suction for 60 seconds, shall have a water-retention value of
Section 21.1303 — Additions not less than 85 percent when tested in a standard mortar
made from the dry hydrate.
Types NA and SA hydrated lime covered by this standard
shall contain additives for the purpose of entraining air.
Section 21.1309 — Special Marking
Section 21.1304 — Manufacturer’s Statement When Type NA or SA air-entraining hydrated lime is deliv-
ered in packages, the type under this standard and the words
Where required, the nature, amount and identity of the air- “air-entraining” shall be plainly indicated thereon or, in case
entraining agent used and of any processing addition that may of bulk shipments, so indicated on shipping notices.
have been used shall be provided, as well as test data showing
compliance of such air-entraining addition.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 121

REFERENCED STANDARDS

Section 21.1310 — Quality Control ASTM 653/A & 653M-08 [HCD]

Every 90 days, each lime producer shall retain an approved Standard specifications for steel sheet, zinc-coated (galva-
agency to obtain a random sample from a local point of supply nized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot-dip
in the market area served by the producer. process.
The agency shall test the lime for compliance with the
physical requirements of Sections 21.1306, 21.1307 and
21.1308.
Upon request of the building official, the producer shall
furnish (at no cost) test results to the building official, archi-
tect, structural engineer, general contractor and masonry con-
tractor.

TABLE 21–13–A—CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS

HYDRATE TYPES
N NA S SA

Calcium and magnesium oxides (nonvolatile basis), min. percent 95 95 95 95

Carbon dioxide (as-received basis), max. percent

If sample is taken at place of manufacture 5 5 5 5
If sample is taken at any other place 7 7 7 7
Unhydrated oxides (as-received basis), max. percent - - 8 8

122 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX A
CHAPTER A3 – PRESCRIPTIVE PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC STRENGTHENING
OF CRIPPLE WALLS AND SILL PLATE ANCHORAGE OF LIGHT,
WOOD-FRAME RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections X X X
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section
A302 X X X
A304.5 X X X
A304.6 X X
FIGURE A3-3 X X
FIGURE A3-7 X X
FIGURE A3-8A X X
FIGURE A3-8B X X
FIGURE A3-9 X X
FIGURE A3-10 X X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 123

124 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER A3
PRESCRIPTIVE PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC STRENGTHENING
OF CRIPPLE WALLS AND SILL PLATE ANCHORAGE OF LIGHT,
WOOD-FRAME RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

SECTION A301 capacity to that provided by the prescriptive methods and

GENERAL materials.
[BS] A301.1 Purpose. The provisions of this chapter are Where analysis by a registered design professional is
intended to promote public safety and welfare by reducing required, such analysis shall be in accordance with all
the risk of earthquake-induced damage to existing wood- requirements of the building code, except that the seismic
frame residential buildings. The requirements contained in forces may be taken as 75 percent of those specified in the
this chapter are prescriptive minimum standards intended to building code.
improve the seismic performance of residential buildings;
however, they will not necessarily prevent earthquake dam-
age. SECTION A302
This chapter sets standards for strengthening that may be DEFINITIONS
approved by the code official without requiring plans or cal- For the purpose of this chapter, in addition to the applicable
culations prepared by a registered design professional. The definitions in the California Building Code, certain additional
provisions of this chapter are not intended to prevent the use terms are defined as follows:
of any material or method of construction not prescribed
[BS] ADHESIVE ANCHOR. An assembly consisting of a
herein. The code official may require that construction docu-
threaded rod, washer, nut, and chemical adhesive approved
ments for strengthening using alternative materials or meth-
by the code official for installation in existing concrete or
ods be prepared by a registered design professional.
masonry. ¬
[BS] A301.2 Scope. The provisions of this chapter apply to
residential buildings of light-frame wood construction con- CODE OFFICIAL. “Code Official” shall have the same
taining one or more of the structural weaknesses specified in meaning as Enforcing Agency.
Section A303. [BS] CRIPPLE WALL. A wood-frame stud wall extending
Exception: The provisions of this chapter do not apply to from the top of the foundation to the underside of the lowest
the buildings, or elements thereof, listed below. These floor framing.
buildings or elements require analysis by a registered ENFORCING AGENCY. The designated department or
design professional in accordance with Section A301.3 to agency as specified by statute or regulation.
determine appropriate strengthening:
[BS] EXPANSION ANCHOR. An approved post-installed
1. Group R-1, R-2 or R-4 occupancies with more than anchor, inserted into a predrilled hole in existing concrete or
four dwelling units. masonry, that transfers loads to or from the concrete or
2. Buildings with a lateral force-resisting system masonry by direct bearing or friction or both. ¬
using poles or columns embedded in the ground. [BS] PERIMETER FOUNDATION. A foundation system
3. Cripple walls that exceed 4 feet (1219 mm) in that is located under the exterior walls of a building. ¬
height. [BS] SNUG-TIGHT. As tight as an individual can torque a
4. Buildings exceeding three stories in height and any nut on a bolt by hand, using a wrench with a 10-inch-long
three-story building with cripple wall studs exceed- (254 mm) handle, and the point at which the full surface of
ing 14 inches (356 mm) in height. the plate washer is contacting the wood member and slightly
indenting the wood surface. ¬
5. Buildings where the code official determines that
conditions exist that are beyond the scope of the [BS] WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL. A panel manufac-
prescriptive requirements of this chapter. tured from veneers, wood strands or wafers or a combination
of veneer and wood strands or wafers bonded together with
6. Buildings or portions thereof constructed on con-
waterproof synthetic resins or other suitable bonding systems.
crete slabs on grade.
Examples of wood structural panels are:
[BS] A301.3 Alternative design procedures. The details
and prescriptive provisions herein are not intended to be the Composite panels. A wood structural panel that is com-
only acceptable strengthening methods permitted. Alternative prised of wood veneer and reconstituted wood-based
details and methods shall be permitted to be used where material and bonded together with waterproof adhesive;
approved by the code official. Approval of alternatives shall Oriented strand board (OSB). A mat-formed wood
be based on a demonstration that the method or material used structural panel comprised of thin rectangular wood
is at least equivalent in terms of strength, deflection and strands arranged in cross-aligned layers with surface lay-

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 125

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

ers normally arranged in the long panel direction and [BS] A304.1.2 Condition of existing wood materials. All
bonded with waterproof adhesive; or existing wood materials that will be a part of the strength-
ening work (sills, studs, sheathing, etc.) shall be in a sound
Plywood. A wood structural panel comprised of plies of
condition and free from defects that substantially reduce
wood veneer arranged in cross-aligned layers. The plies
the capacity of the member. Any wood material found to
are bonded with waterproof adhesive that cures on appli-
contain fungus infection shall be removed and replaced
cation of heat and pressure.
with new material. Any wood material found to be
infested with insects or to have been infested with insects
shall be strengthened or replaced with new materials to
SECTION A303
provide a net dimension of sound wood at least equal to its
STRUCTURAL WEAKNESSES
undamaged original dimension.
[BS] A303.1 General. For the purposes of this chapter, any
of the following conditions shall be deemed a structural [BS] A304.1.3 Floor joists not parallel to foundations.
weakness: Floor joists framed perpendicular or at an angle to perime-
ter foundations shall be restrained either by an existing
1. Sill plates or floor framing that are supported directly nominal 2-inch-wide (51 mm) continuous rim joist or by a
on the ground without a foundation system that con- nominal 2-inch-wide (51 mm) full-depth block between
forms to the building code. alternate joists in one-and two-story buildings, and
2. A perimeter foundation system that is constructed only between each joist in three-story buildings. Existing
of wood posts supported on isolated pad footings. blocking for multistory buildings must occur at each joist
space above a braced cripple wall panel.
3. Perimeter foundation systems that are not continuous.
Existing connections at the top and bottom edges of an
Exceptions:
existing rim joist or blocking need not be verified in one-
1. Existing single-story exterior walls not story buildings. In multistory buildings, the existing top
exceeding 10 feet (3048 mm) in length, form- edge connection need not be verified; however, the bottom
ing an extension of floor area beyond the line edge connection to either the foundation sill plate or the
of an existing continuous perimeter founda- top plate of a cripple wall shall be verified. The minimum
tion. existing bottom edge connection shall consist of 8d toe-
nails spaced 6 inches (152 mm) apart for a continuous rim
2. Porches, storage rooms and similar spaces not
joist, or three 8d toenails per block. When this minimum
containing fuel-burning appliances.
bottom edge-connection is not present or cannot be veri-
4. A perimeter foundation system that is constructed of fied, a supplemental connection installed as shown in Fig-
unreinforced masonry or stone. ure A3-8A or A3-8C shall be provided.
5. Sill plates that are not connected to the foundation or Where an existing continuous rim joist or the minimum
that are connected with less than what is required by the existing blocking does not occur, new 3/4-inch (19.1 mm)
building code. or 23/32-inch (18 mm) wood structural panel blocking
Exception: Where approved by the code official, installed tightly between floor joists and nailed as shown
connections of a sill plate to the foundation made in Figure A3-9 shall be provided at the inside face of the
with other than sill bolts may be accepted if the cripple wall. In lieu of wood structural panel blocking,
capacity of the connection is equivalent to that tight fitting, full-depth 2-inch (51 mm) blocking may be
required by the building code. used. New blocking may be omitted where it will interfere
with vents or plumbing that penetrates the wall.
6. Cripple walls that are not braced in accordance with the
requirements of Section A304.4 and Table A3-A, or [BS] A304.1.4 Floor joists parallel to foundations.
cripple walls not braced with diagonal sheathing or Where existing floor joists are parallel to the perimeter
wood structural panels in accordance with the building foundations, the end joist shall be located over the foun-
code. dation and, except for required ventilation openings,
shall be continuous and in continuous contact with the
foundation sill plate or the top plate of the cripple wall.
SECTION A304 Existing connections at the top and bottom edges of the
STRENGTHENING REQUIREMENTS end joist need not be verified in one-story buildings. In
multistory buildings, the existing top edge connection of
[BS] A304.1 General.
the end joist need not be verified; however, the bottom
[BS] A304.1.1 Scope. The structural weaknesses noted in edge connection to either the foundation sill plate or the
Section A303 shall be strengthened in accordance with the top plate of a cripple wall shall be verified. The mini-
requirements of this section. Strengthening work may mum bottom edge connection shall be 8d toenails spaced
include both new construction and alteration of existing 6 inches (152 mm) apart. If this minimum bottom edge
construction. Except as provided herein, all strengthening connection is not present or cannot be verified, a supple-
work and materials shall comply with the applicable provi- mental connection installed as shown in Figure A3-8B,
sions of the building code. A3-8C or A3-9 shall be provided.

126 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

[BS] A304.2 Foundations. mechanically deposited zinc-coated steel with coating

[BS] A304.2.1 New perimeter foundations. New perime- weights in accordance with ASTM B 695, Class 55 mini-
ter foundations shall be provided for structures with the mum. Metal framing anchors in contact with preservative-
structural weaknesses noted in Items 1 and 2 of Section treated wood shall be galvanized in accordance with
A303. Soil investigations or geotechnical studies are not ASTM A 653 with a G 185 coating.
required for this work unless the building is located in a [BS] A304.3 Foundation sill plate anchorage.
special study zone as designated by the code official or [BS] A304.3.1 Existing perimeter foundations. Where
other authority having jurisdiction. the building has an existing continuous perimeter founda-
[BS] A304.2.2 Evaluation of existing foundations. Par- tion, all perimeter wall sill plates shall be anchored to the
tial perimeter foundations or unreinforced masonry foun- foundation with adhesive anchors or expansion anchors in
dations shall be evaluated by a registered design accordance with Table A3-A.
professional for the force levels specified in Section Anchors shall be installed in accordance with Figure
A301.3. Test reports or other substantiating data to deter- A3-3, with the plate washer installed between the nut and
mine existing foundation material strengths shall be sub- the sill plate. The nut shall be tightened to a snug-tight
mitted to the code official. Where approved by the code condition after curing is complete for adhesive anchors
official, these existing foundation systems may be and after expansion wedge engagement for expansion
strengthened in accordance with the recommendations anchors. All anchors shall be installed in accordance with
included with the evaluation in lieu of being replaced. manufacturer’s recommendations. Where existing condi-
Exception: In lieu of testing existing foundations to tions prevent anchor installations through the sill plate,
determine material strengths, and where approved by this connection shall be made in accordance with Figure
the code official, a new nonperimeter foundation sys- A3-4A, A3-4B or A3-4C. The spacing of these alternate
tem designed for the forces specified in Section A301.3 connections shall comply with the maximum spacing
may be used to resist lateral forces from perimeter requirements of Table A3-A. Expansion anchors shall not
walls. A registered design professional shall confirm be used where the installation causes surface cracking of
the ability of the existing diaphragm to transfer seismic the foundation wall at the locations of the anchor.
forces to the new nonperimeter foundations. [BS] A304.3.2 Placement of anchors. Anchors shall be
[BS] A304.2.3 Details for new perimeter foundations. placed within 12 inches (305 mm), but not less than 9
All new perimeter foundations shall be continuous and inches (229 mm), from the ends of sill plates and shall be
constructed according to either Figure A3-1 or A3-2. All placed in the center of the stud space closest to the
new construction materials shall comply with the require- required spacing. New sill plates may be installed in
ments of building code. Where approved by the code offi- pieces where necessary because of existing conditions. For
cial, the existing clearance between existing floor joists or lengths of sill plates 12 feet (3658 mm) or greater, anchors
girders and existing grade below the floor need not comply shall be spaced along the sill plate as specified in Table
with the building code. A3-A. For other lengths of sill plate, anchor placement
Exception: Where designed by a registered design pro- shall be in accordance with Table A3-B.
fessional and approved by the code official, partial Exception: Where physical obstructions such as fire-
perimeter foundations may be used in lieu of a continu- places, plumbing or heating ducts interfere with the
ous perimeter foundation. placement of an anchor, the anchor shall be placed as
[BS] A304.2.4 New concrete foundations. New concrete close to the obstruction as possible, but not less than 9
foundations shall have a minimum compressive strength inches (229 mm) from the end of the plate. Center-to-
of 2,500 pounds per square inch (17.24 MPa) at 28 days. center spacing of the anchors shall be reduced as neces-
sary to provide the minimum total number of anchors
[BS] A304.2.5 New hollow-unit masonry foundations.
required based on the full length of the wall. Center-to-
New hollow-unit masonry foundations shall be solidly
center spacing shall be not less than 12 inches (305
grouted. The grout shall have minimum compressive
mm).
strength of 2,000 pounds per square inch (13.79 MPa).
Mortar shall be Type M or S. [BS] A304.3.3 New perimeter foundations. Sill plates
for new perimeter foundations shall be anchored in accor-
[BS] A304.2.6 New sill plates. Where new sill plates are dance with Table A3-A and as shown in Figure A3-1 or
used in conjunction with new foundations, they shall be A3-2.
minimum 2× nominal thickness and shall be preservative-
treated wood or naturally durable wood permitted by the [BS] A304.4 Cripple wall bracing.
building code for similar applications, and shall be marked [BS] A304.4.1 General. Exterior cripple walls not
or branded by an approved agency. Fasteners in contact exceeding 4 feet (1219 mm) in height shall be permitted to
with preservative-treated wood shall be hot-dip galvanized be specified by the prescriptive bracing method in Section
or other material permitted by the building code for similar A304.4. Cripple walls over 4 feet (1219 mm) in height
applications. Anchors, that attach a preservative-treated require analysis by a registered design professional in
sill plate to the foundation, shall be permitted to be of accordance with Section A301.3.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 127

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

[BS] A304.4.1.1 Sheathing installation require- by 102 mm) block shall be installed with the nominal 4-
ments. Wood structural panel sheathing shall be not inch (102 mm) dimension against the face of the plywood.
less than 15/32-inch (12 mm) thick and shall be installed For stud heights less than 18 inches (457 mm), only one
in accordance with Figure A3-5 or A3-6. All individual ventilation hole need be provided.
pieces of wood structural panels shall be nailed with 8d [BS] A304.4.4 Existing underfloor ventilation. Existing
common nails spaced 4 inches (102 mm) on center at underfloor ventilation shall not be reduced without provid-
all edges and 12 inches (305 mm) on center at each ing equivalent new ventilation as close to the existing ven-
intermediate support with not less than two nails for tilation as possible. Braced panels may include underfloor
each stud. Nails shall be driven so that their heads are ventilation openings when the height of the opening, mea-
flush with the surface of the sheathing and shall pene- sured from the top of the foundation wall to the top of the
trate the supporting member a minimum of 11/2 inches opening, does not exceed 25 percent of the height of the
(38 mm). When a nail fractures the surface, it shall be cripple stud wall; however, the length of the panel shall be
left in place and not counted as part of the required nail- increased a distance equal to the length of the opening or
ing. A new 8d nail shall be located within 2 inches (51 one stud space minimum. Where an opening exceeds 25
mm) of the discounted nail and be hand-driven flush percent of the cripple wall height, braced panels shall not
with the sheathing surface. Where the installation be located where the opening occurs. See Figure A3-7.
involves horizontal joints, those joints shall occur over
nominal 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) blocking Exception: For homes with a post and pier foundation
installed with the nominal 4-inch (102 mm) dimension system where a new continuous perimeter foundation
against the face of the plywood. system is being installed, new ventilation shall be pro-
vided in accordance with the building code.
Vertical joints at adjoining pieces of wood structural
panels shall be centered on studs such that there is a [BS] A304.5 Inspections. All work shall be subject to inspec-
minimum 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) between the panels. Where tion by the code official including, but not limited to:
required edge distances cannot be maintained because 1. Placement and installation of new adhesive or expan-
of the width of the existing stud, a new stud shall be sion anchors installed in existing foundations. Special
added adjacent to the existing studs and connected in inspection may be required for adhesive anchors
accordance with Figure A3-7. installed in existing foundations regulated by the pre-
[BS] A304.4.2 Distribution and amount of bracing. See scriptive provisions of this chapter.
Table A3-A and Figure A3-10 for the distribution and 2. Installation and nailing of new cripple wall bracing.
amount of bracing required for each wall line. Each braced 3. Any work may be subject to special inspection when
panel length must be at least two times the height of the required by the code official in accordance with the
cripple stud. Where the minimum amount of bracing pre- building code.
scribed in Table A3-A cannot be installed along any walls,
the bracing must be designed in accordance with Section [BS] A304.5.1 Nails. All nails specified in this chapter
A301.3. shall be common wire nails of the following diameters and
lengths: 8d nails shall be 0.131 inch by 21/2 inches. 10d
Exception: Where physical obstructions such as fire- nails shall be 0.148 inch by 3 inches. 12d nails shall be
places, plumbing or heating ducts interfere with the 0.148 inch by 31/4 inches. 16d nails shall be 0.162 inch by
placement of cripple wall bracing, the bracing shall 31/2 inches. Nails used to attach metal framing connectors
then be placed as close to the obstruction as possible. directly to wood members shall be as specified by the con-
The total amount of bracing required shall not be nector manufacturer in an approved report.
reduced because of obstructions.
A304.6 Phasing of the strengthening work. When approved
[BS] A304.4.3 Stud space ventilation. When bracing by the Enforcing Agency, the strengthening work contained in
materials are installed on the interior face of studs forming this chapter may be completed in phases.
an enclosed space between the new bracing and the exist-
ing exterior finish, each braced stud space must be venti-
lated. Adequate ventilation and access for future
inspection shall be provided by drilling one 2-inch to 3-
inch-diameter (51 mm to 76 mm) round hole through the
sheathing, nearly centered between each stud at the top
and bottom of the cripple wall. Such holes should be
spaced a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) clear from the sill or
top plates. In stud spaces containing sill bolts, the hole
shall be located on the center line of the sill bolt but not
closer than 1 inch (25 mm) clear from the nailing edge of
the sheathing. When existing blocking occurs within the
stud space, additional ventilation holes shall be placed
above and below the blocking, or the existing block shall
be removed and a new nominal 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm

128 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

[BS] TABLE A3-A

SILL PLATE ANCHORAGE AND CRIPPLE WALL BRACING
AMOUNT OF BRACING FOR EACH WALL LINEc,d,e
NUMBER OF A Combination of Exterior Walls
STORIES MINIMUM SILL PLATE CONNECTION Finished with Portland Cement Plaster
ABOVE CRIPPLE AND MAXIMUM SPACINGa, b and Roofing Using Clay Tile or All Other Conditions
WALLS Concrete Tile Weighing More than 6 psf
(287 N/m2)
1
/2 inch (12.7 mm) spaced 6 feet, 0 inch (1829 mm) Each end and not less than 50 Each end and not less than
One story
center-to-center with washer plate percent of the wall length 40 percent of the wall length
1
/2 inch (12.7 mm) spaced 4 feet, 0 inch (1219 mm)
center-to-center with washer plate; or 5/8 inch Each end and not less than 70 Each end and not less than
Two stories
(15.9 mm) spaced 6 feet, 0 inch (1829 mm) percent of the wall length 50 percent of the wall length
center-to-center with washer plate
5
/8 inch (15.9 mm) spaced 4 feet, 0 inch Each end and not less than
Three stories 100 percent of the wall lengthf
(1219 mm) center-to-center with washer plate 80 percent of the wall lengthf
a. Sill plate anchors shall be adhesive anchors or expansion anchors in accordance with Section A304.3.1.
b. All washer plates shall be 3 inches by 3 inches by 0.229 inch minimum. The hole in the plate washer is permitted to be diagonally slotted with a width of up to
3
/16 inch larger than the bolt diameter and a slot length not to exceed 13/4 inches, provided a standard cut washer is placed between the plate washer and the nut.
c. See Figure A3-10 for braced panel layout.
d. Braced panels at ends of walls shall be located as near to the end as possible.
e. All panels along a wall shall be nearly equal in length and shall be nearly equal in spacing along the length of the wall.
f. The minimum required underfloor ventilation openings are permitted in accordance with Section A304.4.4.

[BS] TABLE A3-B

SILL PLATE ANCHORAGE FOR VARIOUS LENGTHS OF SILL PLATEa,b
LENGTHS OF SILL PLATE
NUMBER OF
STORIES Less than 12 feet (3658 mm) to Less than 6 feet (1829 mm) Less than 30 inches
6 feet (1829 mm) to 30 inches (762 mm) (762 mm)c

One story Three connections Two connections One connection

1
Four connections for /2-inch (12.7 mm) anchors or bolts or
Two stories Two connections One connection
three connections for 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) anchors or bolts
Three stories Four connections Two connections One connection
a. Connections shall be either adhesive anchors or expansion anchors.
b. See Section A304.3.2 for minimum end distances.
c. Connections shall be placed as near to the center of the length of plate as possible.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 129

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

MINIMUM FOUNDATION DIMENSIONS MINIMUM FOUNDATION REINFORCING

VERTICAL REINFORCING
NUMBER OF Single-pour wall Footing placed
STORIES W F Da, b, c T H and footing separate from wall
12 inches 6 inches 12 inches 6 inches ≤ 24 inches #4 @ 48 inches #4 @ 32 inches
1
(305 mm) (152 mm) (305 mm) (152 mm) (610 mm) (1219 mm) on center (813 mm) on center
15 inches 7 inches 18 inches 8 inches ≥ 36 inches #4 @ 48 inches #4 @ 32 inches
2
(381 mm) (178 mm) (457 mm) (203 mm) (914 mm) (1219 mm) on center (813 mm) on center
18 inches 8 inches 24 inches 10 inches ≥ 36 inches #4 @ 48 inches #4 @ 18 inches
3
(457 mm) (203 mm) (610 mm) (254 mm) (914 mm) (1219 mm) on center (457 mm) on center
a. Where frost conditions occur, the minimum depth shall extend below the frost line.
b. The ground surface along the interior side of the foundation may be excavated to the elevation of the top of the footing.
c. Where the soil is designated as expansive, the foundation depth and reinforcement shall be approved by the enforcing agency.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

[BS] FIGURE A3-1

NEW REINFORCED CONCRETE FOUNDATION SYSTEM

130 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

MINIMUM FOUNDATION DIMENSIONS MINIMUM FOUNDATION REINFORCING

NUMBER OF VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
STORIES W F Da, b, c T H REINFORCING REINFORCING
12 inches 6 inches 12 inches 6 inches ≤ 24 inches #4 @ 24 inches #4 continuous at top of
1
(305 mm) (152 mm) (305 mm) (152 mm) (610 mm) (610 mm) on center stem wall
15 inches 7 inches 18 inches 8 inches ≥ 24 inches #4 @ 24 inches #4 @ 16 inches
2
(381 mm) (178 mm) (457 mm) (203 mm) (610 mm) (610 mm) on center (406 mm) on center
18 inches 8 inches 24 inches 10 inches ≥ 36 inches #4 @ 24 inches #4 @ 16 inches
3
(457 mm (203 mm) (610 mm) (254 mm) (914 mm) (610 mm) on center (406 mm) on center
a. Where frost conditions occur, the minimum depth shall extend below the frost line.
b. The ground surface along the interior side of the foundation may be excavated to the elevation of the top of the footing.
c. Where the soil is designated as expansive, the foundation depth and reinforcement shall be approved by the enforcing agency.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

[BS] FIGURE A3-2

NEW MASONRY CONCRETE FOUNDATION

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 131

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

NOTES:
1. Plate washers shall comply with the following:
1
/2-inch anchor or bolt—3 inches × 3 inches × 0.229 inch minimum.
5
/8-inch anchor or bolt—3 inches × 3 inches × 0.229 inch minimum.
A diagonal slot in the plate washer is permitted in accordance with Table A3-A, Footnote b.
2. See Figure A3-5 or A3-6 for cripple wall bracing.

[BS] FIGURE A3-3

SILL PLATE ANCHORING TO EXISTING FOUNDATION

132 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

EXISTING STUD WALL WITH SOLE

PLATE

EXISTING SHEATHING OVER

EXISTING 2x BLOCKING EXISTING FLOOR FRAMING
OR RIM JOIST WITH
EXISTING TOENAILS
SEE SECTION A304.1.3

EXISTING SILL PLATE

EXISTING FOUNDATION WALL

2½″ MIN.
EXISTING GROUND LEVEL
4″ MIN. 7″ x 3/16″ x 9″ LONG PLATE WITH
(2) - ½″ DIAMETER ADHESIVE ANCHORS OR
EXPANSION ANCHORS TO FOUNDATION WALL
AND (3) - ¼″ DIAMETER LAG SCREWS
PREDRILLED INTO SILL PLATE. PROVIDE
SINGLE PIECE WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL
SHIM OR MULTIPLE LAYERS OF WOOD
STRUCTURAL PANEL BETWEEN PLATE AND
SILL WHEN SPACING EXCEEDS 3/16″ AND IS
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1½″. SEE TABLE
A3-A FOR SPACING OF ANCHORS

1″-5″ MIN.
¾″

2″ MIN. ¼″ - DIAMETER LAG SCREW

2½″ MIN. INTO SILL PLATE
FOR SHIM ATTACHMENT
7″

1″ 1″ SINGLE PIECE SHIM

(AS REQUIRED)
9″
¾″

5
/16″ DIAMETER HOLES
FOR ¼″ LAG SCREWS
7″ x 9″ PLATE

HOLE DIAMETER SHALL NOT CONNECTION WHEN SHIM

EXCEED CONNECTOR SPACE EXCEEDS ¾″ IN.
DIAMETER BY MORE THAN 1/16″ WIDTH UP TO 1½″

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

NOTES:
1. If shim space exceeds 11/2 inches, alternate details will be required.
2. Where required, single piece shim shall be naturally durable wood or preservative-treated wood. If perservative-treated wood is used, it shall be isolated from
the foundation system with a moisture barrier.

[BS] FIGURE A3-4A

ALTERNATE SILL PLATE ANCHORING IN EXISTING FOUNDATION—
WITHOUT CRIPPLE WALLS AND FLOOR FRAMING NOT PARALLEL TO FOUNDATIONS

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 133

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

[BS] FIGURE A3-4B
ALTERNATE SILL PLATE ANCHOR TO EXISTING FOUNDATION WITHOUT CRIPPLE
WALL AND FLOOR FRAMING PARALLEL TO FOUNDATIONS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

[BS] FIGURE A3-4C
SILL PLATE ANCHORING TO EXISTING FOUNDATION—ALTERNATE CONNECTION FOR BATTERED FOOTING

134 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

NOTE: See Figure A3-3 for sill plate anchoring.
[BS] FIGURE A3-5
CRIPPLE WALL BRACING WITH NEW WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL ON EXTERIOR FACE OF CRIPPLE STUDS

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 135

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

[BS] FIGURE A3-6
CRIPPLE WALL BRACING WITH WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL ON INTERIOR FACE OF CRIPPLE STUDS

136 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

[BS] FIGURE A3-7
PARTIAL CRIPPLE STUD WALL ELEVATION

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 137

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

ALTERNATE DETAIL FOR FLUSH CONDITION

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 4.4 N.

NOTE: See manufacturing instructions for nail sizes associated with metal framing clips.

[BS] FIGURE A3-8A

TYPICAL FLOOR TO CRIPPLE WALL CONNECTION (FLOOR JOISTS NOT PARALLEL TO FOUNDATIONS)

138 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 4.4 N.

NOTE: See manufacturing instructions for nail sizes associated with metal framing clips.

[BS] FIGURE A3-8B

TYPICAL FLOOR TO CRIPPLE WALL CONNECTION (FLOOR JOISTS PARALLEL TO FOUNDATIONS)

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 139

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

WHERE AN EXISTING RIM JOIST

OR BLOCKING IS NOT PRESENT,
PROVIDE NEW 2x SOLID BLOCKING
AS FOLLOWS:
3-STORY: EVERY JOIST SPACE
2-STORY: EVERY JOIST SPACE ABOVE
BRACED PANELS, ALTERNATE JOIST
SPACES AT OTHER LOCATIONS
1-STORY: ALTERNATE JOIST SPACES

EXISTING END FLOOR JOIST

OR BLOCKING WITH EXISTING
TOENAILS TO BE VERIFIED
PER A304.1.3

EXISTING 2x MUDSILL

WHERE AN EXISTING END JOIST

EXISTING FOUNDATION WALL
OR BLOCK TOE NAILING CAN NOT
BE VERIFIED, PROVIDE A NEW
EXISTING GROUND LEVEL FRAMING CLIP FROM END JOIST
OR BLOCK TO MUDSILL AS
FOLLOWS:
3-STORY: 16² O.C.
2-STORY: 32² O.C.
1-STORY: 48² O.C.
NEW FRAMING CLIP MINIMUM
ALLOWABLE CAPACITY IS 450
POUNDS

FLOOR JOISTS NOT PARALLEL TO FOUNDATIONS

EXISTING END JOIST WITH

EXISTING TOENAILS TO BE
VERIFIED PER A304.1.4

EXISTING 2x MUDSILL

WHERE AN EXISTING END JOIST

OR BLOCK TOE NAILING CAN NOT
BE VERIFIED, PROVIDE A NEW
FRAMING CLIP FROM END JOIST
OR BLOCK TO MUDSILL AS
FOLLOWS:
3-STORY: 16² O.C.
2-STORY: 32² O.C.
1-STORY: 48² O.C.
NEW FRAMING CLIP MINIMUM
ALLOWABLE CAPACITY IS 450
POUNDS

FLOOR JOISTS PARALLEL TO FOUNDATIONS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

NOTES:
1. See Section A304.3 for sill plate anchorage.
2. See manufacturing instructions for nail sizes associated with metal framing clips.

[BS] FIGURE A3-8C

TYPICAL FLOOR TO MUDSILL CONNECTIONS

140 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 4.4N.

NOTE: See Section A304.4 for cripple wall bracing.
[BS] FIGURE A3-9
ALTERNATE FLOOR FRAMING TO CRIPPLE WALL CONNECTION

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 141

APPENDIX CHAPTER A3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

[BS] FIGURE A3-10
FLOOR PLAN—CRIPPLE WALL BRACING LAYOUT

142 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX A
CHAPTER A4 – EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION
IN WOOD-FRAME RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
WITH SOFT, WEAK OR OPEN FRONT WALLS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 143

144 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
 CHAPTER A4

EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION

IN WOOD-FRAME RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
WITH SOFT, WEAK OR OPEN FRONT WALLS

SECTION A401 [BS] SOFT WALL LINE. A wall line whose lateral stiffness
GENERAL is less than that required by story drift limitations or deforma-
[BS] A401.1 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to pro- tion compatibility requirements of this chapter. In lieu of
mote public welfare and safety by reducing the risk of death analysis, a soft wall line may be defined as a wall line in a
or injury that may result from the effects of earthquakes on story where the story stiffness is less than 70 percent of the
existing wood-frame, multiunit residential buildings. The story above for the direction under consideration.
ground motions of past earthquakes have caused the loss of [BS] STORY. A story as defined by the building code,
human life, personal injury and property damage in these including any basement or underfloor space of a building
types of buildings. This chapter creates minimum standards with cripple walls exceeding 4 feet (1219 mm) in height.
to strengthen the more vulnerable portions of these structures. [BS] STORY STRENGTH. The total strength of all seis-
When fully followed, these minimum standards will improve mic-resisting elements sharing the same story shear in the
the performance of these buildings but will not necessarily direction under consideration.
prevent all earthquake-related damage.
[BS] WALL LINE. Any length of wall along a principal axis
[BS] A401.2 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall of the building used to provide resistance to lateral loads. Par-
apply to all existing Occupancy Group R-1 and R-2 buildings allel wall lines separated by less than 4 feet (1219 mm) shall
of wood construction or portions thereof where the structure be considered one wall line for the distribution of loads.
has a soft, weak, or open-front wall line, and there exists one
or more stories above. [BS] WEAK WALL LINE. A wall line in a story where the
story strength is less than 80 percent of the story above in the
direction under consideration.
SECTION A402
DEFINITIONS
SECTION A403
Notwithstanding the applicable definitions, symbols and ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
notations in the building code, the following definitions shall [BS] A403.1 General. All modifications required by the pro-
apply for the purposes of this chapter: visions in this chapter shall be designed in accordance with
[BS] ASPECT RATIO. The span-width ratio for horizontal the California Building Code provisions for new construc-
diaphragms and the height-length ratio for shear walls. tion, except as modified by this chapter.
[BS] GROUND FLOOR. Any floor whose elevation is Exception: Buildings for which the prescriptive measures
immediately accessible from an adjacent grade by vehicles or provided in Section A404 apply and are used.
pedestrians. The ground floor portion of the structure does No alteration of the existing lateral force-resisting system
not include any floor that is completely below adjacent or vertical load-carrying system shall reduce the strength or
grades. stiffness of the existing structure, unless the altered structure
[BS] NONCONFORMING STRUCTURAL MATERI- would remain in conformance to the building code and this
ALS. Wall bracing materials other than wood structural pan- chapter.
els or diagonal sheathing. [BS] A403.2 Scope of analysis. This chapter requires the
alteration, repair, replacement or addition of structural ele-
[BS] OPEN-FRONT WALL LINE. An exterior wall line,
ments and their connections to meet the strength and stiffness
without vertical elements of the lateral force-resisting system,
requirements herein. The lateral-load-path analysis shall
that requires tributary seismic forces to be resisted by dia-
include the resisting elements and connections from the wood
phragm rotation or excessive cantilever beyond parallel lines
diaphragm immediately above any soft, weak or open-front
of shear walls. Diaphragms that cantilever more than 25 per-
wall lines to the foundation soil interface or to the uppermost
cent of the distance between lines of lateral force-resisting
story of a podium structure comprised of steel, masonry, or
elements from which the diaphragm cantilevers shall be con-
concrete structural systems that supports the upper, wood-
sidered excessive. Exterior exit balconies of 6 feet (1829 mm)
framed structure. Stories above the uppermost story with a
or less in width shall not be considered excessive cantilevers.
soft, weak, or open-front wall line shall be considered in the
[BS] RETROFIT. An improvement of the lateral force- analysis but need not be modified. The lateral-load-path
resisting system by alteration of existing structural elements analysis for added structural elements shall also include eval-
or addition of new structural elements. uation of the allowable soil-bearing and lateral pressures in

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 145

APPENDIX CHAPTER A4

accordance with the building code. Where any portion of a formulas. The coefficient of subgrade reaction used in
building within the scope of this chapter is constructed on or deflection calculations shall be based on a geotechnical
into a slope steeper than one unit vertical in three units hori- investigation conducted in accordance with the building
zontal (33-percent slope), the lateral force-resisting system at code.
and below the base level diaphragm shall be analyzed for the [BS] A403.5 Deformation compatibility and P Δ effects.
effects of concentrated lateral forces at the base caused by The requirements of the building code shall apply, except as
this hillside condition. modified herein. All structural framing elements and their
Exception: When an open-front, weak or soft wall line connections not required by design to be part of the lateral
exists because of parking at the ground floor of a two- force-resisting system shall be designed and/or detailed to be
story building and the parking area is less than 20 percent adequate to maintain support of expected gravity loads when
of the ground floor area, then only the wall lines in the subjected to the expected deformations caused by seismic
open, weak or soft directions of the enclosed parking area forces. Increased demand due to P Δ effects and story
need comply with the provisions of this chapter. sidesway stability shall be considered in retrofit stories that
rely on the strength and stiffness of cantilever columns for
[BS] A403.3 Design base shear and design parameters. lateral resistance.
The design base shear in a given direction shall be permitted
to be 75 percent of the value required for similar new con- [BS] A403.6 Ties and continuity. All parts of the structure
struction in accordance with the building code. The value of included in the scope of Section A403.2 shall be intercon-
R used in the design of the strengthening of any story shall nected as required by the building code.
not exceed the lowest value of R used in the same direction at [BS] A403.7 Collector elements. Collector elements shall be
any story above. The system overstrength factor, Δ0, and the provided that can transfer the seismic forces originating in
deflection amplification factor, Cd, shall be not less than the other portions of the building to the elements within the scope
largest respective value corresponding to the R factor being of Section A403.2 that provide resistance to those forces.
used in the direction under consideration.
[BS] A403.8 Horizontal diaphragms. The strength of an
Exceptions: existing horizontal diaphragm sheathed with wood structural
1. For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category panels or diagonal sheathing need not be investigated unless
B, values of R, Δ0 and Cd shall be permitted to be the diaphragm is required to transfer lateral forces from verti-
based on the seismic force-resisting system being cal elements of the seismic force-resisting system above the
used to achieve the required strengthening. diaphragm to elements below the diaphragm because of an
offset in placement of the elements.
2. For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category
Rotational effects shall be accounted for when asymmetric
C or D, values of R, Δ0 and Cd shall be permitted to
wall stiffness increases shear demands. ¬
be based on the seismic force-resisting system
being used to achieve the required strengthening, [BS] A403.9 Wood-framed shear walls. Wood-framed
provided that when the strengthening is complete, shear walls shall have strength and stiffness sufficient to
the strengthened structure will not have an extreme resist the seismic loads and shall conform to the requirements
weak story irregularity defined as Type 5b in ASCE of this section.
7 Table 12.3-2. [BS] A403.9.1 Gypsum or cement plaster products.
3. For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category Gypsum or cement plaster products shall not be used to
E, values of R, Δ0 and Cd shall be permitted to be provide lateral resistance in a soft or weak story or in a
based on the seismic force-resisting system being story with an open-front wall line, whether or not new ele-
used to achieve the required strengthening, pro- ments are added to mitigate the soft, weak or open-front
vided that when the strengthening is complete, the condition.
strengthened structure will not have an extreme soft [BS] A403.9.2 Wood structural panels.
story, a weak story, or an extreme weak story irreg-
ularity defined, respectively, as Types 1b, 5a and [BS] A403.9.2.1 Drift limit. Wood structural panel
5b in ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2. shear walls shall meet the story drift limitation of Sec-
tion A403.4. Conformance to the story drift limitation
[BS] A403.4 Story drift limitations. The calculated story shall be determined by approved testing or calculation.
drift for each retrofitted story shall not exceed the allowable Individual shear panels shall be permitted to exceed the
deformation compatible with all vertical load-resisting ele- maximum aspect ratio, provided the allowable story
ments and 0.025 times the story height. The calculated story drift and allowable shear capacities are not exceeded.
drift shall not be reduced by the effects of horizontal dia-
[BS] A403.9.2.2 Openings. Shear walls are permitted
phragm stiffness but shall be increased when these effects
to be designed for continuity around openings in accor-
produce rotation. Drift calculations shall be in accordance
dance with the building code. Blocking and steel strap-
with the building code.
ping shall be provided at corners of the openings to
[BS] A403.4.1 Pole structures. The effects of rotation transfer forces from discontinuous boundary elements
and soil stiffness shall be included in the calculated story into adjoining panel elements. Alternatively, perforated
drift where lateral loads are resisted by vertical elements shear wall provisions of the building code are permitted
whose required depth of embedment is determined by pole to be used.

146 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 APPENDIX CHAPTER A4

[BS] A403.9.3 Hold-down connectors. farther than 16 inches (406 mm) on center, or by equiva-
[BS] A403.9.3.1 Expansion anchors in tension. lent shear transfer methods.
Expansion anchors that provide tension strength by [BS] A404.2.3 Shear wall sheathing. The shear wall
friction resistance shall not be used to connect hold- sheathing shall be a minimum of 15/32 inch (11.9 mm) 5-Ply
down devices to existing concrete or masonry elements. Structural I with 10d nails at 4 inches (102 mm) on center
[BS] A403.9.3.2 Required depth of embedment. The at edges and 12 inches (305 mm) on center at field; blocked
required depth of embedment or edge distance for the all edges with 3 by 4 board or larger. Where existing sill
anchor used in the hold-down connector shall be pro- plates are less than 3-by thick, place flat 2-by on top of sill
vided in the concrete or masonry below any plain con- between studs, with flat 18-gage galvanized steel clips 41/2
crete slab unless satisfactory evidence is submitted to inches (114 mm) long with 12-8d nails or 3/8-inch-diameter
the code official that shows that the concrete slab and (9.5 mm) lags through blocking for shear transfer to sill
footings are of monolithic construction. plate. Stagger nailing from wall sheathing between existing
sill and new blocking. Anchor new blocking to foundation
as specified above.
SECTION A404 [BS] A404.2.4 Shear wall hold-downs. Shear walls shall
PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR WEAK STORY be provided with hold-down anchors at each end. Two
[BS] A404.1 Limitation. These prescriptive measures shall hold-down anchors are required at intersecting corners.
apply only to two-story buildings and only when deemed Hold-downs shall be approved connectors with a mini-
appropriate by the code official. These prescriptive measures mum 5/8-inch-diameter (15.9 mm) threaded rod or other
rely on rotation of the second floor diaphragm to distribute approved anchor with a minimum allowable load of 4,000
the seismic load between the side and rear walls of the ground pounds (17.8 kN). Anchor embedment in concrete shall be
floor open area. In the absence of an existing floor diaphragm not less than 5 inches (127 mm). Tie-rod systems shall be
of wood structural panel or diagonal sheathing, a new wood not less than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter unless using
structural panel diaphragm of minimum thickness of 3/4 inch high-strength cable. High-strength cable elongation shall
(19.1 mm) and with 10d common nails at 6 inches (152 mm) not exceed 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) under a 4,000 pound (17.8
on center shall be applied. kN) axial load.
[BS] A404.1.1 Additional conditions. To qualify for
these prescriptive measures, the following additional con-
ditions need to be satisfied by the retrofitted structure: SECTION A405
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Diaphragm aspect ratio L/W is less than 0.67, where
W is the diaphragm dimension parallel to the soft, [BS] A405.1 New materials. New materials shall meet the
weak or open-front wall line and L is the distance in requirements of the California Building Code, except where
the orthogonal direction between that wall line and allowed by this chapter.
the rear wall of the ground floor open area. [BS] A405.2 Allowable foundation and lateral pressures.
2. Minimum length of side shear walls = 20 feet (6096 The use of default values from the building code for continu-
mm). ous and isolated concrete spread footings shall be permitted.
3. Minimum length of rear shear wall = three-fourths For soil that supports embedded vertical elements, Section
of the total rear wall length. A403.4.1 shall apply.
4. No plan or vertical irregularities other than a soft, [BS] A405.3 Existing materials. The physical condition,
weak or open-front wall line. strengths, and stiffnesses of existing building materials shall
be taken into account in any analysis required by this chapter.
5. Roofing weight less than or equal to 5 pounds per The verification of existing materials conditions and their
square foot (240 N/m2). conformance to these requirements shall be made by physical
6. Aspect ratio of the full second floor diaphragm observation, material testing or record drawings as deter-
meets the requirements of the building code for mined by the registered design professional subject to the
new construction. approval of the code official.
[BS] A404.2 Minimum required retrofit. [BS] A405.3.1 Wood-structural-panel shear walls.
[BS] A404.2.1 Anchor size and spacing. The anchor size [BS] A405.3.1.1 Existing nails. When the required cal-
and spacing shall be a minimum of 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in culations rely on design values for common nails or
diameter at 32 inches (813 mm) on center. Where existing surfaced dry lumber, their use in construction shall be
anchors are inadequate, supplemental or alternative verified by exposure.
approved connectors (such as new steel plates bolted to the
side of the foundation and nailed to the sill) shall be used. [BS] A405.3.1.2 Existing plywood. When verification
[BS] A404.2.2 Connection to floor above. Shear wall top of the existing plywood is by use of record drawings
plates shall be connected to blocking or rim joist at upper alone, plywood shall be assumed to be of three plies.
floor with a minimum of 18-gage galvanized steel angle [BS] A405.3.2 Existing wood framing. Wood framing is
clips 41/2 inches (114 mm) long with 12-8d nails spaced no permitted to use the design stresses specified in the build-

2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 147

APPENDIX CHAPTER A4

ing code under which the building was constructed or head size; and a complete specification for the sheathing
other stress criteria approved by the code official. material and its thickness. The schedule shall also show
[BS] A405.3.3 Existing structural steel. All existing the required location of 3-inch (76 mm) nominal or two 2-
structural steel shall be permitted to be assumed to comply inch (51 mm) nominal edge members; the spacing of shear
with ASTM A 36. Existing pipe or tube columns shall be transfer elements such as framing anchors or added sill
assumed to be of minimum wall thickness unless verified plate nails; the required hold-down with its bolt, screw or
by testing or exposure. nail sizes; and the dimensions, lumber grade and species
of the attached framing member.
[BS] A405.3.4 Existing concrete. All existing concrete
footings shall be permitted to be assumed to be plain con- Notes shall show required edge distance for fasteners
crete with a compressive strength of 2,000 pounds per on structural wood panels and framing members; required
square inch (13.8 MPa). Existing concrete compressive flush nailing at the plywood surface; limits of mechanical
strength taken greater than 2,000 pounds per square inch penetrations; and the sill plate material assumed in the
(13.8 MPa) shall be verified by testing, record drawings or design. The limits of mechanical penetrations shall also be
department records. detailed showing the maximum notching and drilled hole
sizes.
[BS] A405.3.5 Existing sill plate anchorage. The analy-
sis of existing cast-in-place anchors shall be permitted to [BS] A406.3.4 General notes. General notes shall show
assume proper anchor embedment for purposes of evaluat- the requirements for material testing, special inspection
ing shear resistance to lateral loads. and structural observation.

SECTION A406 SECTION A407

INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE ON THE PLANS QUALITY CONTROL
[BS] A407.1 Structural observation, testing and inspec-
[BS] A406.1 General. The plans shall show all information
tion. Structural observation, in accordance with Section 1709
necessary for plan review and for construction and shall accu-
of the California Building Code, shall be required for all
rately reflect the results of the engineering investigation and
design. The plans shall contain a note that states that this ret- structures in which seismic retrofit is being performed in
rofit was designed in compliance with the criteria of this accordance with this chapter. Structural observation shall
chapter. include visual observation of work for conformance to the
approved construction documents and confirmation of exist-
[BS] A406.2 Existing construction. The plans shall show ing conditions assumed during design.
existing diaphragm and shear wall sheathing and framing
Structural testing and inspection for new construction
materials; fastener type and spacing; diaphragm and shear
materials shall be in accordance with the building code,
wall connections; continuity ties; and collector elements. The
except as modified by this chapter.
plans shall also show the portion of the existing materials that
needs verification during construction.
[BS] A406.3 New construction.
[BS] A406.3.1 Foundation plan elements. The founda-
tion plan shall include the size, type, location and spacing
of all anchor bolts with the required depth of embedment,
edge and end distance; the location and size of all shear
walls and all columns for braced frames or moment
frames; referenced details for the connection of shear
walls, braced frames or moment-resisting frames to their
footing; and referenced sections for any grade beams and
footings.
[BS] A406.3.2 Framing plan elements. The framing plan
shall include the length, location and material of shear
walls; the location and material of frames; references on
details for the column-to-beam connectors, beam-to-wall
connections and shear transfers at floor and roof dia-
phragms; and the required nailing and length for wall top
plate splices.
[BS] A406.3.3 Shear wall schedule, notes and details.
Shear walls shall have a referenced schedule on the plans
that includes the correct shear wall capacity in pounds per
foot (N/m); the required fastener type, length, gage and

148 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX A
CHAPTER A6 – REFERENCED STANDARDS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

BSC- HCD DSA OSHPD

Adopting Agency BSC
CG
SFM BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4
Adopt Entire Chapter
Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections X X X
listed below)
Adopt only those sections that
are listed below
Chapter / Section
ASCE/SEI 7-10 X X
ASTM A653/A653M-11 X X
ASTM B695-04(2009) X X
ASTM C496-96/C496M-11 X X
ASTM E488-10 X X
ASTM E519/E519M-2010 X X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: †
The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to
Section 1.11.

CHAPTER A6
REFERENCED STANDARDS

ASCE/SEI American Society of Civil Engineers

Structural Engineering Institute
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, VA 20191-4400

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
7—10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures with Supplement No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . A104, A403.3
<

ASTM ASTM International

100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number
A 653/A653M—11 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated (Galvanized) or <
Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by Hot-Dip Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A304.2.6
B 695—04(2009) Standard Specification for Coating of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on
Iron And Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A304.2.6
C 496—96/C496M-11 Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens . . . . . A104, A106.3.3.2
E 488-10 Test Method for Strength of Anchors in Concrete and Masonry Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A107.5.3
E 519/E519M—2010 Standard Test Method for Diagonal Tension (Shear) in Masonry Assemblages. . . . . . . . . . . . . A104, A106.3.3.2

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APPENDIX CHAPTER A6

ICC International Code Council

500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor
Washington, DC 20001

Standard Referenced
reference in code
number Title section number

BNBC—93 BOCA National Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A502

BNBC—96 BOCA National Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A502
BNBC—99 BOCA National Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202
IBC—00 International Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202.1, A502.1
IBC—03 International Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202.1, A502.1
IBC—06 International Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202.1, A502.1
IBC—09 International Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202.1, A502.1
IBC—12 International Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202.1, A502.1
IBC—15 International Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A102.2, A108.2, A202.1, A203, A206.3, A206.9,
A403.1, A405.1, A407.1, A502.1, A503.3, A506.4,
SBC—94 Standard Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A502
SBC—97 Standard Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A502
SBC—99 Standard Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202, A502
UBC—76 Uniform Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A502
UBC—97 Uniform Building Code® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A202, A502

150 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

 HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX
CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

Title 24, Part 10, California Code of Regulations

HISTORY:
For prior code history, see the History Note Appendix to the
California Existing Building Code, 2013 Triennial Edition,
effective January 1, 2014.
1. (BSC 06/15, DSA-AC 02/15, DSA-SS 03/15, HCD 04/
15, SFM 05/15) - Adopt the 2015 edition of the Inter-
national Existing Building Code published by the Inter-
national Code Council, for incorporation into the 2016
California Existing Building Code, CCR Title 24, Part
10 with amendments for State regulated occupancies,
effective on January 1, 2017.

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152 2016 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE