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    Regression Models Course Project

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    Kibrom Haftu
    This report analyzes the relationship between transmission type (manual or automatic) and miles per gallon (MPG) in vehicles using regression models on the mtcars dataset. A t-test showed that manual transmission vehicles have 7.245 greater MPG than automatic vehicles. However, a multiple linear regression found that while manual transmission contributed to slightly higher MPG (1.81 MPG), other factors like weight, horsepower, and number of cylinders were more significant predictors of MPG. Diagnostic checks of the regression model met assumptions of linear regression and showed it adequately explained the relationship between predictors and MPG.

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    Regression Models Course Project

    Uploaded by

    Kibrom Haftu
    210 views4 pages
    This report analyzes the relationship between transmission type (manual or automatic) and miles per gallon (MPG) in vehicles using regression models on the mtcars dataset. A t-test showed that manual transmission vehicles have 7.245 greater MPG than automatic vehicles. However, a multiple linear regression found that while manual transmission contributed to slightly higher MPG (1.81 MPG), other factors like weight, horsepower, and number of cylinders were more significant predictors of MPG. Diagnostic checks of the regression model met assumptions of linear regression and showed it adequately explained the relationship between predictors and MPG.

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    Regression Models

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    This report analyzes the relationship between transmission type (manual or automatic) and miles per gallon (MPG) in vehicles using regression models on the mtcars dataset. A t-test showed that manual transmission vehicles have 7.245 greater MPG than automatic vehicles. However, a multiple linear regression found that while manual transmission contributed to slightly higher MPG (1.81 MPG), other factors like weight, horsepower, and number of cylinders were more significant predictors of MPG. Diagnostic checks of the regression model met assumptions of linear regression and showed it adequately explained the relationship between predictors and MPG.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    210 views4 pages

    Regression Models Course Project

    Uploaded by

    Kibrom Haftu
    This report analyzes the relationship between transmission type (manual or automatic) and miles per gallon (MPG) in vehicles using regression models on the mtcars dataset. A t-test showed that manual transmission vehicles have 7.245 greater MPG than automatic vehicles. However, a multiple linear regression found that while manual transmission contributed to slightly higher MPG (1.81 MPG), other factors like weight, horsepower, and number of cylinders were more significant predictors of MPG. Diagnostic checks of the regression model met assumptions of linear regression and showed it adequately explained the relationship between predictors and MPG.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The analysis found that vehicles with manual transmissions had on average 7.245 greater MPG than vehicles with automatic transmissions. However, when accounting for other variables like weight, horsepower, and number of cylinders in a regression model, manual transmission only contributed to a 1.81 MPG increase. Other variables like weight, horsepower and number of cylinders were found to be more statistically significant in determining MPG.

    The null hypothesis tested was that the difference in MPG between automatic and manual transmissions was 0.

    Based on the regression analysis, the number of cylinders, horsepower, weight, and transmission type were found to be statistically significant variables in determining MPG.

    Regression Models Project -Motor Trend Data Analysis Report

    Kibrom Haftu
    March 22, 2018

    Executive Summary
    This report analyzes and explore the relationship between transmission type (manual or automatic) and miles per
    gallon (MPG). The report set out to determine which transmission type produces a higher MPG. The
    mtcars dataset was used for this analysis. A t-test between automatic and manual transmission vehicles
    shows that manual transmission vehicles have a 7.245 greater MPG than automatic transmission vehicles.
    After fitting multiple linear regressions, analysis showed that the manual transmission contributed less
    significantly to MPG, only an improvement of 1.81 MPG. Other variables, weight, horsepower, and number
    of cylinders contributed more significantly to the overall MPG of vehicles.

    Loading Data
    Load the dataset and convert categorical variables to factors.
    First, we load the data set mtcars and change some variables from numeric class to factor class.

    library(ggplot2)
    data(mtcars)
    head(mtcars, n=3) # Sample Data
    dim(mtcars)
    mtcars$cyl <- as.factor(mtcars$cyl)
    mtcars$vs <- as.factor(mtcars$vs)
    mtcars$am <- factor(mtcars$am)
    mtcars$gear <- factor(mtcars$gear)
    mtcars$carb <- factor(mtcars$carb)
    attach(mtcars)

    Exploratory Analysis
    See Appendix Figure I EDA that compares Automatic and Manual transmission MPG.
    The graph leads us to believe that there is a significant increase in MPG when for vehicles with a manual
    transmission vs automatic.
    Inference
    At this step, we make the null hypothesis as the MPG of the automatic and manual transmissions are from the same.
    We use the two sample T-test to show it.

    testResults <- t.test(mpg ~ am)


    testResults$p.value

    ## [1] 0.001373638

    The T-Test rejects the null hypothesis that the difference between transmission types is 0.

    testResults$estimate
    ## mean in group 0 mean in group 1
    ## 17.14737 24.39231

    The difference estimate between the 2 transmissions is 7.24494 MPG in favor of manual.
    Regression Analysis
    First, we fit the full model as the following.

    fullModelFit <- lm(mpg ~ ., data = mtcars)


    summary(fullModelFit) # results hidden
    summary(fullModelFit)$coeff # results hidden

    Since none of the coefficients have a p-value less than 0.05 we cannot conclude which variables are more
    statistically significant.
    Then, we use backward selection to select some statistically significant variables.

    stepFit <- step(fullModelFit)


    summary(stepFit) # results hidden
    summary(stepFit)$coeff # results hidden

    This new model has 4 variables (cylinders, horsepower, weight, transmission). The R-squared value of
    0.8659 confirms that this model explains about 87% of the variance in MPG. The p-values also are
    statistically significantly because they have a p-value less than 0.05. The coefficients conclude that
    increasing the number of cylinders from 4 to 6 with decrease the MPG by 3.03. Further increasing the
    cylinders to 8 with decrease the MPG by 2.16. Increasing the horsepower is decreases MPG 3.21 for
    every 100 horsepower. Weight decreases the MPG by 2.5 for each 1000 lbs increase. A Manual
    transmission improves the MPG by 1.81.
    Residuals and Diagnostics
    Residual Plot See Appendix Figure II

    According to the residual plots, we can verify the following underlying assumptions:

    1. The randomness of the Residuals vs. Fitted plot supports the assumption of independence
    2. The points of the Normal Q-Q plot following closely to the line conclude that the distribution of
    residuals is normal
    3. The Scale-Location plot random distribution confirms the constant variance assumption
    4. Since all points are within the 0.05 lines, the Residuals vs. Leverage concludes that there are no
    outliers

    sum((abs(dfbetas(stepFit)))>1)

    ## [1] 0

    Therefore, the above analyses meet all basic assumptions of linear regression and well answer the questions.
    Conclusion
    There is a difference in MPG based on transmission type. A manual transmission will have a slight MPG
    boost. However, it seems that weight, horsepower, & number of cylinders are more statistically significant
    when determining MPG.
    Appendix Figures I

    II

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