October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

Predict the output or error(s) for the following:

1.      void main()
{
            int  const * p=5;
            printf("%d",++(*p));
}

2.      main()
{
            char s[ ]="man";
            int i;
            for(i=0;s[ i ];i++)
            printf("\n%c%c%c%c",s[ i ],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]);
}

3.      main()
{
            float me = 1.1;
            double you = 1.1;
            if(me==you)
printf("I love U");
else
                        printf("I hate U");
}

4.      main()
            {
            static int var = 5;
            printf("%d ",var--);
            if(var)
                        main();
            }
5.      main()
{
             int c[ ]={2.8,3.4,4,6.7,5};
             int j,*p=c,*q=c;
             for(j=0;j<5;j++) {
                        printf(" %d ",*c);
                        ++q;     }
             for(j=0;j<5;j++){
printf(" %d ",*p);
++p;     }
}
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

6.      main()
{
            extern int i;
            i=20;
printf("%d",i);
}
7.      main()
{
            int i=-1,j=-1,k=0,l=2,m;
            m=i++&&j++&&k++||l++;
            printf("%d %d %d %d %d",i,j,k,l,m);
}

8.      main()
{
            char *p;
            printf("%d %d ",sizeof(*p),sizeof(p));
}

9.      main()
{
            int i=3;
            switch(i)
             {
                default:printf("zero");
                case 1: printf("one");
                           break;
               case 2:printf("two");
                          break;
              case 3: printf("three");
                          break;
              }  
}

10.  main()
{
              printf("%x",-1<<4);
}

11.  main()
{
            char string[]="Hello World";
            display(string);
}
void display(char *string)
{
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

            printf("%s",string);
}

12.  main()
{
            int c=- -2;
            printf("c=%d",c);
}

13.  #define int char

main()
{
            int i=65;
            printf("sizeof(i)=%d",sizeof(i));
}

14.  main()
{
int i=10;
i=!i>14;
Printf ("i=%d",i);
}

15.  #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char s[]={'a','b','c','\n','c','%%CONTENT%%'};
char *p,*str,*str1;
p=&s[3];
str=p;
str1=s;
printf("%d",++*p + ++*str1-32);
}

16.  #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}  };
int *p,*q;
p=&a[2][2][2];
*q=***a;
printf("%d----%d",*p,*q);
}

17.  #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
struct xx
{
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

      int x=3;
      char name[]="hello";
 };
struct xx *s;
printf("%d",s->x);
printf("%s",s->name);
}

18.  #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
struct xx
{
int x;
struct yy
{
char s;
            struct xx *p;
};
struct yy *q;
};
}

19.  main()
{
printf("\nab");
printf("\bsi");
printf("\rha");
}

20.  main()
{
int i=5;
printf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",i++,i--,++i,--i,i);
}

21.  #define square(x) x*x

main()
{
int i;
i = 64/square(4);
printf("%d",i);
}
22.  main()
{
char *p="hai friends",*p1;
p1=p;
while(*p!='%%CONTENT%%') ++*p++;
printf("%s   %s",p,p1);
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

23.  #include <stdio.h>
#define a 10
main()
{
#define a 50
printf("%d",a);
}

24.  #define clrscr() 100

main()
{
clrscr();
printf("%d\n",clrscr());
}

25.  main()
{
printf("%p",main);
}
27)       main()
{
clrscr();
}
clrscr();

28)       enum colors {BLACK,BLUE,GREEN}

 main()
{
 printf("%d..%d..%d",BLACK,BLUE,GREEN);
 return(1);
}
 29)       void main()
{
 char far *farther,*farthest;
 printf("%d..%d",sizeof(farther),sizeof(farthest));
 }

30)       main()
{
 int i=400,j=300;
 printf("%d..%d");
}
31)       main()
{
 char *p;
 p="Hello";
 printf("%c\n",*&*p);
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

}
32)       main()
{
    int i=1;
    while (i<=5)
    {
       printf("%d",i);
       if (i>2)
              goto here;
       i++;
    }
)
fun()
{
   here:
     printf("PP");
}
33)       main()
{
   static char names[5][20]={"pascal","ada","cobol","fortran","perl"};
    int i;
    char *t;
    t=names[3];
    names[3]=names[4];
    names[4]=t;  
    for (i=0;i<=4;i++)
            printf("%s",names[i]);
}
34)       void main()
{
            int i=5;
            printf("%d",i+++++i);
}
35)       #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i=1,j=2;
switch(i)
 {
 case 1:  printf("GOOD")              break;
 case j:  printf("BAD");  break;
 }
}
36)       main()
{
int i;
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

printf("%d",scanf("%d",&i));  // value 10 is given as input here

}
1.  Answer:
                   Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value. 
Explanation:    
p is a pointer to a "constant integer". But we tried to change the value of the "constant integer". 

2.      Answer
                        mmmm
                       aaaa
                       nnnn
Explanation:
s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea. Generally array name is the base
address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the index number/displacement from the base
address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i]. i[s] may be surprising. But in the  case of  C  it is same as
s[i].

3.      Answer: 
I hate U
Explanation:
For floating point numbers (float, double, long double) the values cannot be predicted exactly.
Depending on the number of bytes, the precession with of the value represented varies. Float takes 4
bytes and long double takes 10 bytes. So float stores 0.9 with less precision than long double.

Rule of Thumb: 
Never compare or at-least be cautious when using floating point numbers with relational operators (== ,
>, <, <=, >=,!= ) .  

4.      Answer:
54321
            Explanation:
When static storage class is given, it is initialized once. The change in the value of astatic variable is
retained even between the function calls. Main is also treated like any other ordinary function, which
can be called recursively.  

5.      Answer:
                        2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 6 5
            Explanation: 
Initially pointer c is assigned to both p and q. In the first loop, since only q is incremented and not c , the
value 2 will be printed 5 times. In second loop p itself is incremented. So the values 2 3 4 6 5 will be
printed. 
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

            

6.      Answer:  
Linker Error : Undefined symbol '_i'
Explanation:
                        extern storage class in the following declaration,
                                    extern int i;
specifies to the compiler that the memory for i is allocated in some other program and that address will
be given to the current program at the time of linking. But linker finds that no other variable of name i is
available in any other program with memory space allocated for it. Hence a linker error has occurred .

7.      Answer:
                        0 0 1 3 1
Explanation
Logical operations always give a result of 1 or 0 . And also the logical AND (&&) operator has higher
priority over the logical OR (||) operator. So the expression  ‘i++ && j++ && k++’ is executed first. The
result of this expression is 0    (-1 && -1 && 0 = 0). Now the expression is 0 || 2 which evaluates to 1
(because OR operator always gives 1 except for ‘0 || 0’ combination- for which it gives 0). So the value
of m is 1. The values of other variables are also incremented by 1.

8.      Answer:
                        1 2
Explanation:
The sizeof() operator gives the number of bytes taken by its operand. P is a character pointer, which
needs one byte for storing its value (a character). Hence sizeof(*p) gives a value of 1. Since it needs two
bytes to store the address of the character pointer sizeof(p) gives 2.

9.      Answer :
three
Explanation :
The default case can be placed anywhere inside the loop. It is executed only when all other cases
doesn't match.

10.  Answer:
fff0
Explanation :
-1 is internally represented as all 1's. When left shifted four times the least significant 4 bits are filled
with 0's.The %x format specifier specifies that the integer value be printed as a hexadecimal value.

11.  Answer:
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

Compiler Error : Type mismatch in redeclaration of function display 

            Explanation :
In third line, when the function display is encountered, the compiler doesn't know anything about the
function display. It assumes the arguments and return types to be integers, (which is the default type).
When it sees the actual function display, the arguments and type contradicts with what it has assumed
previously. Hence a compile time error occurs.

12.  Answer:
                                    c=2;
            Explanation:
Here unary minus (or negation) operator is used twice. Same maths  rules applies, ie. minus * minus=
plus.
Note:
However you cannot give like --2. Because -- operator can  only be applied to variables as
a decrement operator (eg., i--). 2 is a constant and not a variable.

13.  Answer:
                        sizeof(i)=1
Explanation:
Since the #define replaces the string  int by the macro char 

14.  Explanation:
In the expression !i>14 , NOT (!) operator has more precedence than ‘ >’ symbol.  ! is a unary logical
operator. !i (!10) is 0 (not of true is false).  0>14 is false (zero). 

15.  Answer:
77        
Explanation:
p is pointing to character '\n'. str1 is pointing to character 'a' ++*p. "p is pointing to '\n' and that is
incremented by one." the ASCII value of '\n' is 10, which is then incremented to 11. The value of ++*p is
11. ++*str1, str1 is pointing to 'a' that is incremented by 1 and it becomes 'b'. ASCII value of 'b' is 98.

 Now performing (11 + 98 – 32), we get 77("M");

 So we get the output 77 :: "M" (Ascii is 77).

16.  Answer:
SomeGarbageValue---1
Explanation:
p=&a[2][2][2]  you declare only two 2D arrays, but you are trying to access the third 2D(which you are
not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of a is assigned integer pointer. Now
q is pointing to starting address of a. If you print *q, it will print first element of 3D array.
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

17.  Answer:
Compiler Error
Explanation
You should not initialize variables in declaration

18.  Answer:
Compiler Error
Explanation:
The structure yy is nested within structure xx. Hence, the elements are of yy are to be accessed through
the instance of structure xx, which needs an instance of yy to be known. If the instance is created after
defining the structure the compiler will not know about the instance relative to xx. Hence for nested
structure yy you have to declare member.

19.  Answer:
hai
Explanation:
\n  - newline
\b  - backspace
\r  - linefeed
 
20.  Answer:
45545
Explanation:
The arguments in a function call are pushed into the stack from left to right. The evaluation is by
popping out from the stack. and the  evaluation is from right to left, hence the result.

21.  Answer:
64
Explanation:
the macro call square(4) will substituted by 4*4 so the expression becomes i = 64/4*4 . Since / and * has
equal priority the expression will be evaluated as (64/4)*4 i.e. 16*4 = 64

22 Answer:
ibj!gsjfoet
            Explanation:
                        ++*++ will be parse in the given order
Ø      *p that is value at the location currently pointed by p will be taken
Ø      ++*p the retrieved value will be incremented 
Ø      when ; is encountered the location will be incremented that is p++ will be executed
Hence, in the while loop initial value pointed by p is ‘h’, which is changed to ‘i’ by executing ++*p and
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

pointer moves to point, ‘a’ which is similarly changed to ‘b’ and so on. Similarly blank space is converted
to ‘!’. Thus, we obtain value in p becomes “ibj!gsjfoet” and since p reaches ‘%%CONTENT%%’ and p1
points to p thus p1doesnot print anything. 

23.  Answer:
50

Explanation:
The preprocessor directives can be redefined anywhere in the program. So the most recently assigned
value will be taken.

24.  Answer:
100

Explanation:
Preprocessor executes as a seperate pass before the execution of the compiler. So textual replacement
of clrscr() to 100 occurs.The input  program to compiler looks like this :

  main()
                        {
                             100;
                             printf("%d\n",100);
                        }
            Note:   
100; is an executable statement but with no action. So it doesn't give any problem

25.  Answer:
                        Some address will be printed.

Explanation:
            Function names are just addresses (just like array names are addresses).
main() is also a function. So the address of function main will be printed. %p in printf specifies that the
argument is an address. They are printed as hexadecimal numbers.

26.  Answer:
No output/error

Explanation:
The first clrscr() occurs inside a function. So it becomes a function call. In the second clrscr(); is a
function declaration (because it is not inside any function).
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

27.  Answer:
0..1..2

Explanation:
enum assigns numbers starting from 0, if not explicitly defined. 

28.  Answer:
4..2  

Explanation:
            the second pointer is of char type and not a far pointer

29.  Answer:
400..300

Explanation:
printf takes the values of the first two assignments of the program. Any number of printf's may be given.
All of them take only the first two values. If more number of assignments given in the program,then
printf will take garbage values.

30.  Answer:
H 
Explanation:
* is a dereference operator & is a reference  operator. They can be    applied any number of times
provided it is meaningful. Here  p points to  the first character in the string "Hello". *p dereferences it
and so its value is H. Again  & references it to an address and * dereferences it to the value H.

31.  Answer:
Compiler error: Undefined label 'here' in function main

Explanation:
Labels have functions scope, in other words The scope of the labels is limited to functions . The label
'here' is available in function fun() Hence it is not visible in function main.

32.  Answer:
Compiler error: Lvalue required in function main

Explanation:
Array names are pointer constants. So it cannot be modified.
 October 7, 2010 UTK 10’

33.  Answer:
Compiler Error 

Explanation:
The expression i+++++i is parsed as i ++ ++ + i which is an illegal combination of operators. 

34.  Answer:
Compiler Error: Constant expression required in function main.

Explanation:
The case statement can have only constant expressions (this implies that we cannot use variable names
directly so an error).
            Note
Enumerated types can be used in case statements. 

35.  Answer:
1
Explanation:
Scanf returns number of items successfully read and not 1/0.  Here 10 is given as input which should
have been scanned successfully. So number of items read is 1.