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Lecture Note On Ship Structure PDF

The document discusses calculating section modulus for ship hull girder bending. Section modulus is needed to check if a ship design or damaged ship is structurally sound. It describes calculating the section properties like area, first moment, second moment of individual components, then combining to get total section properties about different axes. An example calculation is shown for a box-shaped barge using a table to summarize component properties. The maximum stress and factor of safety are then calculated for the deck.

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147 views2 pages

Lecture Note On Ship Structure PDF

The document discusses calculating section modulus for ship hull girder bending. Section modulus is needed to check if a ship design or damaged ship is structurally sound. It describes calculating the section properties like area, first moment, second moment of individual components, then combining to get total section properties about different axes. An example calculation is shown for a box-shaped barge using a table to summarize component properties. The maximum stress and factor of safety are then calculated for the deck.

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ahoramehri
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture Notes: Section Modulus Calculations

My σY
Recall for hull girder bending: σ b ( y ) = FOS =
I σb

I I M M
Section modulus: Z deck = and Z keel = thus σ deck = and σ keel =
y deck y keel Z deck Z keel
3 2
Units: in (sometimes in ft)

Bending moment at each section is calculated by integration of the load distribution (along the length of
the ship)

So, a naval architect needs to calculate Zdeck and Zkeel to make sure a proposed design (structural
scantlings) is acceptable, or if a damaged ship is structurally sound.

Approach:
Parallel Axis Theorem for Moment of Inertia (2nd moment of area)
I x = I0 + A ⋅ h2
Ix = moment of inertia (2nd moment of area) of area about some axis of interest (x)
I0 = moment of inertial (2nd moment of area) of area through it’s centroid
A = cross sectional area
h = distance from centroid of area to axis of interest

Steps for calculating section modulus:


1. Calculate the area of each component (a)
2. Calculate the height of each component area (centroid) above the baseline (h)
3. Calculate the 1st moment of each component area about the baseline (ah)
4. Calculate the moment of inertia (2nd moment of area) of each component about the baseline (ah2)
5. Calculate the moment of inertia of each component about its own horizontal centroidal axis (i)
bd 3
For vertical or horizontal plate/shape (breadth b, depth d): i =
12
6. Calculate the height of the NA above the baseline (hNA = ∑ah / ∑a)
7. Calculate the moment of inertia of the total section about the baseline (IBL = ∑ah2 + ∑i)
8. Calculate the moment of inertia of the total section about the NA (INA = IBL – AhNA2)
9. Calculate the section modulus for deck and keel
Example: Box-shaped barge from lecture 4

Create a table (see also Hughes fig. 3.15 and table 3.5)
Item Scantlings Area Height 1st moment 2nd moment 2nd moment about own
(b x d) a (in2) ABL ah (in3) about BL centroid
(in) h (in) ah2 (in4) i (in4)
Deck 72 x 1 72 239.5 17,208 4,129,938 6
Side pl 1 x 238 238 120 28,560 3,427,200 1,123,439
Bottom pl 150 x 1 150 0.5 75 37.5 12.5
Total ∑a = 460 ∑ah = 45,843 ∑ah2 = ∑i = 1,123,457.5
( ½ section) 7,557,175.5

Height of NA above BL: h NA =


∑ ah = 45,843 = 99.66 in ≈ 100 in ≈ 8.3 ft
∑ a 460
Total Moment of inertia of section about NA:
2
I BL = I NA + A ⋅ h NA →
I NA = I BL − A ⋅ hNA = ∑ i + ∑ ah 2 − (∑ a ) ⋅ h NA = 1,123,457.5 + 7,557,175.5 − (460) ⋅ (99.66) = 4,111,860 in 4
2 2 2
14 4244 3
I BL

…but this is only ½ the section, so I = 8,223,720 in 4


Max stress and FOS ?
I 8,223,720 in 4
ymax = ydeck = 140 in so Z deck = = = 58,741 in 3
y deck 140 in
From the loading example: Mmax = 34,800 ft-LT
M 34,800 ft - LT  in  lb  lb
σ deck = = 3
12  2240  = 15,925 2
Z deck 58,741 in  ft  LT  in
σY 36 ksi
FOS = = ≈ 2.3
σ b 15.9 ksi

Notes:
This is still water! Wave w/ trough amidships (sagging) worse! (fix by distributing load)
This is a compressive stress, so the deck plating could also fail due to buckling …later

Only “longitudinally-continuous” and “rigidly-mounted” structure counts (not all structure is effective)
General rule of thumb: 40% LBP
“Shadow Zones” near hatch openings & discontinuities

wt ( w 2 sin 2 θ + t 2 cos 2 θ )
For inclined plate (width w, thickness t, angle to horizontal θ): i =
12
1 4 
For curved plate (radius r, area a): i =  − 2 ar 2 h=
(π - 2) r
2 π  π

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