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CSS in Practice

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows styling and layout of HTML documents. CSS defines styles like colors, fonts, spacing for HTML elements. Styles can be defined internally, externally in CSS files, or inline in HTML elements. Multiple style definitions cascade into one based on specificity. Selectors target elements using tags, IDs, classes. Common CSS properties style text, backgrounds, borders, positioning.

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215 views17 pages

CSS in Practice

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows styling and layout of HTML documents. CSS defines styles like colors, fonts, spacing for HTML elements. Styles can be defined internally, externally in CSS files, or inline in HTML elements. Multiple style definitions cascade into one based on specificity. Selectors target elements using tags, IDs, classes. Common CSS properties style text, backgrounds, borders, positioning.

Uploaded by

yprabathme68
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

What is CSS?

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets


– Styles define how to display HTML elements
– Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets
– Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
– External style sheets can save a lot of work
– External style sheets are stored in CSS files
– Multiple style definitions will cascade into one

• Example: my homepage
• Another example:
http://www.w3schools.com/css/demo_default.htm (.html)

2
Multiple Ways to Define Style

• External Style Sheet (.css files)


• Internal Style Sheet
• Inline Styles

• Examples: http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_styles.asp

• More: default style, CSS changed by


JavaScript

3
Multiple Styles Cascade Into One

• What style will be used when there is more


than one style?
– Browser default
– External style sheets are included
– Embedded styles (inside the <head> tag) override
external styles
– Inline styles (inside an HTML element) override both
embedded and external styles
– Styles modified with JavaScript override all other
styles

4
CSS Style Rule

property names
declarations

p{
font-size: x-large ;

background-color: yellow
}

selector string declaration block

5
Selector Strings

• Type selector:
– Element type, such as body, p, hr, etc.
• See previous example
– Multiple element types using the same style are
separated by comma
• h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {background-color:purple}

• ID selector:
– #p1, #s1 {background-color: blue}
– <p id=“p1”> … </p>
– <span id=“s1”>…</span>
– id values are case-sensitive

6
Sector Strings, Continue …

• Class selector:
– .myitalic {font-style: italic}
– .myred {color: red}
– <span class=“myitalic myred”> … </span>
– class values are case sensitive
– multiple classes can be applied, separated by space
– All but a few elements, such as html, head, and elements
that appear as content of head, have the class attribute

• ID and class selectors can be prefixed by an element


type name
– p.right {text-align: right}
– p#left {text-align: left}
– <p class=“right”> … </p>
– <p id=“left”> … </p>
7
Selector Strings, Continue …

• A selector within the content of certain element types


– ul span {color: green}: applies to a span element within a
ul element
– ul ol li {letter-spacing: 1em}: applies to an li element
within an ol element that is within a ul element

• CSS comments
/* This is a comment */
p{
text-align: center;
/* This is another comment */
color: black; font-family: arial
}

8
How to Insert a Style Sheet?

• External style sheet


<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" />
</head>
• Internal style sheet
<head>
<style type="text/css">
hr {color: sienna}
p {margin-left: 20px}
</style>
</head>
• Inline style
<p style="color: sienna; margin-left: 20px"> This is a paragraph </p>

9
CSS Basics

• Background
• Text
• Font
• Border
• Outline
• Margin
• Padding
• List
• Table

10
CSS Advanced

• CSS dimension
• CSS classification
• CSS positioning
• CSS pseudo-class
• CSS pseudo-element
• CSS media types

11
Font

• Generic font families defined in


HTML and CSS are:
– Serif
– Sans-serif
– Monospace
– Cursive
– Fantasy
• There are a lot other font
families, but might not be well
supported

12
How to Select a Font Family?

• Rules-of-Thumb
– Don’t use more than 3-4 fonts on any one page
– Don’t change the font in mid sentence unless you
have a very good reason
– Sans-serif for online, serif for print
– Monospace for typewriter and code
– Script and fantasy for accents
• Sans-serif fonts are the basis of your site, for
example:
– Arial, geneva, helvetica, lucida sans, trebuchet,
verdana
– Verdana is a font family that was actually invented
for use on the web

13
Selecting Font, Continue

• Use serif fonts for print


– If you have print friendly versions of your site, use
serif fonts
– Examples: garamond, georgia, new york, times,
times new roman
• Monospace for bode examples
– Use it to provide instructions, give examples, or
imply typewritten text
– Examples: courier, courier new, lucida console,
monaco

14
Case Study

• Fixed width layouts vs. Liquid layouts


– https://medium.com/@space.alpaca/so-what-exactly-is-
the-difference-between-fixed-fluid-adaptive-and-
responsive-layouts-and-why-3773272d8481
• Fixed width layouts:
– The width of the entire page is set with a specific
numerical value

• Liquid layouts:
– The width of the entire page is flexible depending
upon how wide the viewer’s browser is

15
Case Study

• How to build a 3-column layout:


– https://www.w3schools.com/howto/howto_css_two_columns.asp

• Steps:
– Draw your layout
– Create and style a Container element
– Use a Headline Tag for the Header
– To get 3 columns, start by building 2 columns
– Then add 2 columns inside the wide second column
– Add in the Footer
– Add in your personal style and content

16
Free Web Templates

• https://www.freewebtemplates.com/
• https://www.os-templates.com/free-website-templates

17

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