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Wireless Communication Systems & Networks

The document discusses several topics related to wireless communication systems and networks, optical fiber communications, VLSI design and technology, and operating systems. It first covers wireless communication systems including mobile radio systems, digital communication over fading channels, multiple access techniques, wireless networking standards, wireless local area networks, and future trends. It then discusses optical fiber communications including optical fibers, optical transmitters and receivers, lightwave systems, and multi-channel systems. Other sections cover VLSI design using VHDL and operating system concepts such as processes, CPU scheduling, memory management, file systems, and protection and security.

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tornado2307
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250 views4 pages

Wireless Communication Systems & Networks

The document discusses several topics related to wireless communication systems and networks, optical fiber communications, VLSI design and technology, and operating systems. It first covers wireless communication systems including mobile radio systems, digital communication over fading channels, multiple access techniques, wireless networking standards, wireless local area networks, and future trends. It then discusses optical fiber communications including optical fibers, optical transmitters and receivers, lightwave systems, and multi-channel systems. Other sections cover VLSI design using VHDL and operating system concepts such as processes, CPU scheduling, memory management, file systems, and protection and security.

Uploaded by

tornado2307
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wireless Communication Systems & Networks

Introduction: Mobile Radio Systems around the world, Examples of Wireless


Communication Systems; Paging Systems, Cordless Telephone Systems, Cellular
Telephone Systems, Comparison of common Wireless Communication systems

Digital Communication through fading multipath channels: Fading channel and


their characterstics- Channel modelling, Digital signalling over a frequency non selective
slowly fading channel- frequency selective slowly fading channel- Calculation of error
probabilities- Tapped Delay line model- The RAKE demodulator- performance-Concept
of diversity branches and signal paths- Combining methods- Selective diversity
combining-pre-detection and post-detection combining- Switched combining- maximal
ratio combining- Equal gain combining.

Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communications: Introduction, Frequency


Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Spread
Spectrum Multiple Access, Space Division Multiple Access, Packet Radio Protocols;
Pure ALOHA, Sloted ALLOHA, Capacity of Cellular Systems

Wireless Networking: Introduction, Difference between Wireless & Fixed Telephone


Networks, Development of Wireless Networks, Traffic Routing in Wireless Networks,
Wireless Data Services, Common Channel signaling, Broad band ISDN & ATM,
Signaling System No. 7(SS-7), Personal Communication Services/ Networks, Protocols
for Network Access, Network Databases.

Wireless Systems & Standards: AMPS and ETACS, United states digital cellular (IS-
54 & IS 136), Global system for Mobile (GSM); Services, Features, System Architecture,
and Channel Types, Frame Structure for GSM, Speech Processing in GSM, CDMA
Digital standard (IS 95); Frquency and Channel specifications, Forward CDMA Channel,
Reverse CDMA Channel, CT2 Standard for Cordless Telephones, Personal Access
Communication System, Pacific Digital Cellular, Personal Handyphone Systems, PCS
and ISM Bands, Wireless Cable Television.

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN): Components and working of WLAN,


transmission media for WLAN, Modulation techniques for WLAN (DSSS, FHSS), IEEE
802.11 standards and protocols for WLAN (MACA, MACAW). Mobile Network and
Transport layer: Mobile IP, Mobile TCP, traffic routing in wireless networks, wire less
ATM. Wireless Local Loop(WLL) : WLL Architecture, WLL Technologies and frequency
spectrum.

Future trends: Blue Tooth technology, 4G mobile techniques, Wi-Fi Technology.

Computer Networks

Data communication concepts: Digital & Analog, Parallel & serial,Synchronous &
Asynchronous, Simplex, Half duplex & Full duplex.

Computer Networks: Introduction, N/W Topology, Wired N/W Vs wireless N/W.


Classification of computer N/W’s- LAN, MAN, WAN. Internet,Intranet & Extranet.
Protocols & Protocol suits (eg TCP/IP, IPX/SPX), Need of Protocols & their significance in
Networking.

N/W Reference Models:- OSI reference Model, TCP/IP reference Model, comparison of OSI
& TCP/IP Ref Models.

Networking H/W: Ethernet cabling, The NIC, Repeater, Router, Bridges, Switches,
Transcievers, hubs, Cable Modems.
Comminication Switching Techniques: Circuit Switching, Packet Switching & Message
switching.

LAN standards (IEEE 802 PROJECT): Ethernet, CSMA/CD, Token Ring, Token Bus, & their
frame formats. FDDI.

Data link & N/W layer Services provided to N/W layer, Framing, Data link control: Flow
control, Error Detection, HDLC & SDLC, concept of Routing & congesition control.

Transport layer Transport layer Protocols like TCP, UDP, connection Oriented Transport
Protocol, TCP services.

N/W Protocols: Low level Protocols. SLIP, PPP NETBEUI, High level Protocols:- IP & IP
Addresses, ARP,RARP
.
Traditional Application: Terminal Acess:Telnet, File transfer: FTP, Email: SMTP & MIME
& POP3

Modern Applications: Web Applications :- HTTP. Internet and its Applications .

Unix Networking concepts: Introduction to sockets.

Optical Fiber Communications

Introduction: Need of Fiber Optic Communications, Evolution of Light wave


Systems, Basic Concepts; Analog & Digital Signals, Channel Multiplexing, Modulation
Formats, Optical Communication Systems, Light wave System Components; Optical
Fibers as a Communication Channel, Optical Transmitters, Optical Receivers.

Optical Fibers: Geometrical-Optics Description; Step-Index Fibers, Graded Index


Fibers, Wave Propagation; Maxwell’s Equations, Fiber Modes, Single-Mode-Fibers,
Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers; Group Velocity Dispersion, Material Dispersion,
Wave guide Dispersion, Higher-order Dispersion, Polarization-Mode Dispersion,
Dispersion-Induced Limitations; Basic Propagation Equation, Chirped Gaussian
Pulses, Limitations on the Bit Rate, Fiber Bandwidth , Fiber Losses; Attenuation
Coefficient, Material Absorption, Rayleigh Scattering, wave guide Imperfections,
Nonlinear Optical effects; Stimulated Light Scattering, Nonlinear Phase Modulation,
Four Wave Mixing, Fiber Manufacturing; Design Issues, Fabrication Methods, Cables
and Connectors

Optical Transmitters: Basic Concepts; Emission and Absorption Rates, p-n


Junctions, Non radiative Recombination, Semi conductor Materials, Light Emitting
Diodes; Power-current Characteristics, LED spectrum, Modulation Response, LED
Structures, Semi Conductor Lasers; DFB Lasers, Coupled Cavity semiconductor
Lasers, Tunable Semiconductor Lasers, Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Lasers, Laser
Characteristics, Small & Large Signal Modulation, Spectral Line width, Source Fiber
Coupling.

Optical Receivers: Basic concepts, p-n Photo Diodes, p-i-n Photo Diodes,
Avalanche Photo Diode, MSM Photo detector, Receiver Design, Receiver Noise;
Noise mechanism, Receiver sensitivity; Bit error rate, Minimum Receiver Power,
Sensitivity Degradation, Receiver Performance.

Light Wave Systems: System Architecture, Loss limited Light wave systems,
Dispersion limited Light wave systems, Power Budget, Long Haul systems, Sources
of Power Penalty; Model Noise, Dispersive Pulse Broadening, Mode Partition Noise,
Frequency Chirping, Reflection Feedback Noise.

Multi channel Systems: WDM Light wave systems, Optical TDM Systems,
Subscriber Multiplexing, Code Division Multiplexing.

VLSI DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY

Introduction: Introduction to Computer-aided design tools for digital systems. Hardware


description languages, Introduction to VHDL, Data objects, Classes and data types,
Operators, Overloading, Logical operators. Types of delays, Entity and Architecture
declaration. Introduction to behavioural, dataflow and structural models.

VHDL Statements: Assignment statements, sequential Statements and process,


Conditional statements, Case statements, Array and loops, Resolution functions, Packages &
Libraries, Concurrent statements.

Combinational Circuit Design: VHDL models and simulation of combinational circuits such
as Multiplexers, Encoders, Decoders, Code converters, Comparators, Implementation of
Boolean functions etc.

Sequential Circuit Design: VHDL Models and simulation of sequential circuits, Shift
registers, Counters etc.

Design of Microcomputer: Basic components of a computer, Specifications, Architecture of


a simple Microcomputer system, Implementation of a simple microcomputer system using
VHDL.

Design with CPLDs and FPGAs: Programmable logic devices : ROM, PLAs, GAL, PEEL,
CPLDs and FPGA. Design and implementation using CPLDs and FPGAs

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Operating System Concepts An Introduction: What is an OS, Need of OS, Different views of
an OS, Evolution of OS, Batch Processing, Multiprocessing, Multiprogramming, Time Sharing,
Real Time Systems, Network OS, Parallel Processing, Distributed Processing.

Operating System Structures: OS services, System Calls, System Structures, Layered


Architecture of an OS.

Introduction to process: Concept of process, Process states and there transitions,


PCB, Process Scheduling, Operations on process: Process creation and termination,
Threads: User level and kernel level threads.

CPU scheduling: Introduction, CPU scheduler, Scheduling criteria, Scheduling algorithms:


FCFS, SJF, Priority scheduling, RR scheduling, Multilevel queue scheduling, Multilevel
feedback queue scheduling

Process Synchronization: Co-operating process, Concurrency, Semaphores

Deadlocks: Introduction, Deadlock characteristics, Recognization methods,


Dealing with deadlocks, Deadlock prevention, avoidance, detection and deadlock
recovery.

Memory Management Basics: Introduction, Logical vs physical address space,


Program relocation & mgmt techniques, Continuous storage allocation, Fixed partition
contiguous storage allocation, Variable partition CSA, Non contiguous storage allocation,
paging, segmentation.

Virtual Memory: Introduction, Swapping, Demand paging, Pure demand paging, Page
replacement algo`s, FIFO, Optimal, LRU algo’s.

File System Interface & implementation: File concepts, File naming, File attributes,
File access methods, Directory structure.

Device Mgmt & Storage Structure: I/O subsystems, I/O channels, Secondary storage,
Disk structure, Disk scheduling, FIFO, Shortest seek time first SSTF scan, C-SCAN,
Look &C-look Disk scheduling algo’s.

Protection & Security Introduction: Introduction, Goals of protection, Access rights,


Access matrix, Security & its goals, Authentication, Passwords, Encryption, Viruses,
worms, Dealing with viruses.

Case Study: UNIX &WIN NT

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