Scribd
Upload
149 views12 pages

Subnetting Itexampractice

This document provides an overview of IP subnetting including: - Basic terms like IP address, subnet, and subnet mask - Classes of IP addresses and private IP ranges - CIDR notation and subnet mask values for different prefix lengths - Examples of subnetting networks and finding subnet values - VLSM allowing subnets of different sizes from a single IP address block - Tips for learning subnetting like using online calculators and practicing often.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Tayyab Khusro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
149 views12 pages

Subnetting Itexampractice

This document provides an overview of IP subnetting including: - Basic terms like IP address, subnet, and subnet mask - Classes of IP addresses and private IP ranges - CIDR notation and subnet mask values for different prefix lengths - Examples of subnetting networks and finding subnet values - VLSM allowing subnets of different sizes from a single IP address block - Tips for learning subnetting like using online calculators and practicing often.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Tayyab Khusro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

itexampractice.

net

SUBNETTING
itexampractice.net

Basic terms
IP address - identifies a device connected to the network. It is a 32-bit address, 4 octets.

Subnet - separate part of an organization's network

Subnet mask - identifies which part of an IP address is reserved for the network and which part is to be
used for a host or hosts.

IPv4

192.168.1.7 /24
Reserved for the network host subnet mask

Classes of IP addresses:
Number of Number of
Class IP address range Network mask Prefix
networks hosts
A 1. -127 255.0.0.0 /8 125 16,777,214
B 128. -191 255.255.0.0 /16 16,382 65,534
C 192. -223 255.255.255.0 /24 2,097,150 254
D 224. -239 Multicast addresses
E 240. -254 Restricted / Experimental / Do not use

Private IP addresses:
A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Default subnet masks:


Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class C: 255.255.255.0

Number of Subnets = 2 n n=no. of subnet bits


Number of Hosts = 2n-2 n = no. of host bits
itexampractice.net

CIDR
Classless Inter-Domain Routing – uses a slash followed by a number, called the prefix.

CIDR Decimal Available hosts


/30 255.255.255.252 4
/29 255.255.255.248 8
/28 255.255.255.240 16
/27 255.255.255.224 32
/26 255.255.255.192 64
/25 255.255.255.128 128
/24 255.255.255.0 256
/16 255.255.0.0 65.536
/8 255.0.0.0 16.777.216

Full table:
https://www.ripe.net/support/training/material/LIR-Training-Course/LIR-Training-Handbook-Appendices/CIDR-Chart-IPv4.pdf
itexampractice.net

Examples

215.20.5.0 /24

We need 5 networks

1. Convert to binary the number of networks you need

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

5= 00000101

2. Convert your original mask to binary, find how many bits you need and find
the increment

255.255.255.0 =

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

We need 3 bits to get 5 networks

5= 00000101

Our new subnet mask is:

11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

255.255.255.224

Our increment

32
itexampractice.net

3. Find networks
itexampractice.net

215.20.5.0 /24
We need 30 hosts
1. Convert to binary the number of networks you need
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

30 = 00011110

2. Convert your original mask to binary, find how many bits you need and find
the increment

255.255.255.0 =

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

We need 5 bits to get 30 hosts

11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Our new subnet mask is:

11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

255.255.255.224

Our increment

32
itexampractice.net

3. Find networks
itexampractice.net

EXCEPTIONS

Network values:

2,4,8,16,32,64,128

Host values:

3,7,15,31,,63,127

To keep it simple:

Subtract 1 for networks

Add 1 for hosts


itexampractice.net

VLSM
Variable Length Subnet Masking allows you to divide an IP address (a network address) to subnets of
different sizes, unlike same-size subnetting.

Examples:

Address: 192.168.1.0/24

Amount of Network
Hosts Address/Mask
38 192.168.1.0/26
11 192.168.1.64/28
4 192.168.1.80/29

Address: 200.10.10.0/24

Amount of Network
Hosts Address/Mask
100 200.10.10.0/25
21 200.10.10.128/27
2 200.10.10.160/30
2 200.10.10.164/30
2 200.10.10.168/30

Address: 150.150.0.0/16

Amount of Network
Hosts Address/Mask
280 150.150.0.0/23
111 150.150.2.0/25
22 150.150.2.128/27
itexampractice.net

Address: 10.0.0.0/8

Amount of Network
Hosts Address/Mask
8749 10.0.0.0/18
2333 10.0.64.0/20
211 10.0.80.0/24
22 10.0.81.0/27

Address: 120.120.120.0/24

Amount of Network
Hosts Address/Mask
109 120.120.120.0/25
33 120.120.120.128/26
2 120.120.120.192/30
2 120.120.120.196/30
2 120.120.120.200/30
2 120.120.120.204/30
2 120.120.120.208/30

Address: 172.172.0.0/16

Amount of Network
Hosts Address/Mask
987 172.172.0.0/22
311 172.172.4.0/23
2 172.172.6.0/30
itexampractice.net

LINKS

Subnetting calculators:

www.subnet-calculator.com

www.jodies.de/ipcalc

VLSM:

www.vlsm-calc.net
itexampractice.net

TIPS
 Take your time!
 Play with SIMPLE examples first
 Master ALL basics
 Do subnetting 1000 times – you will learn it ;-)
 Want to take the CCNA / MTA exam? Make sure you can answer in LESS than 5
seconds: ‘What is the broadcast address for a host 192.168.76.4 /29’
 Use online subnetting calculators and tests
 And again… TAKE YOUR TIME!

You might also like