PDVSA

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

VOLUME 13–II

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA N° TITLE

H–231 PIPING FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS

1 DEC.98 GENERAL REVISION 17 Y.K. A.A. J.E.R.

0 FEB.89 ORIGINAL 13 J.S. J.G. E.S.

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PAG. REV. APPD. APPD.

APPD.BY A. Arévalo DATE DEC.98 APPD.BY J. E Rojas DATE DEC.98

E PDVSA, 1983 ESPECIALISTAS

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Index
1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Specifications, Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Pipe and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Bolting and Gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 FABRICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 DRAWING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 CUTTING AND BEVELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.1 Beveling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2 Flame Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 BENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2 Miter Bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4 Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 FIT–UP JOINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.1 Line Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.2 Tee and Lateral Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.3 Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8 WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.2 Welding Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.3 Welding Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.4 Selection of Welding Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9 HEAT TREATMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.1 Weldments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.2 Special Heat Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10 FINAL CORRECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11 TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
12 INSPECTION AND TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
12.1 Inspection of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
12.2 Hardness Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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12.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Test for Piping Sub–Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

12.4 Dimensional Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
13 SHIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
13.1 Preparation for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
13.2 Spool Piece Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This specification contains general, fabrication details, inspection and testing
requirements applicable to process and utility piping systems shop or field
fabricated. Piping or pipeline out of the scope of ASME Code B31.3 is not covered
by this specification.
1.1.2 Fabrication under this specification includes all components of a piping system, or
part thereof, entering into fabricated assemblies, but shall exclude all valves,
bolting, gaskets, flanged fittings, blind flanges, orifice plates, and all specialty items

1.2 Specifications, Codes and Standards

The latest editions of following specifications, codes, standards and practices,
including applicable addenda, shall form a part of this specification to the extent
specified herein:
1.2.1 Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA)
H--221 Piping Materials
H--223 Pipeline and Pipe Bends
O--201 Painting Materials and Application Requirement
PI--02--08--01 Pruebas Hidrostáticas y Neumáticas para Sistemas de Tuberías
1.2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Codes:
B31.1 Power Piping
B31.3 Process Piping
Section I Power Boiler
Section II Materials
Section VIII -- Div 1 Pressure Vessels
Section IX Welding Qualifications
Standards
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads. General Purpose
B16.25 But Welding Ends
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1.2.3 American Welding Society (AWS)

A5.1 Specification for Carbon Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes.
A5.4 Specification for Corrosion – Resisting Chromium and Chromium
– Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes.
A5.5 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes.
1.2.4 Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI)
ES–24 Piping Bending Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material
Requirements

1.3 Regulations
Should there be any conflict between Venezuelan laws, standards and regulations,
this specification and ASME standards, the order of prevalences shall be as
follows:
1. Venezuelan laws, standards and regulations
2. This specification
3. ASME

2 MATERIALS
2.1 Pipe and Fittings
The material specification for each piping assembly will be indicated on the
Owner’s Drawings and/or in PDVSA Engineering Specification H–221, “Piping
Materials”, which supersede this specification in case of conflict.

2.2 Bolting and Gaskets

2.2.1 Threads of bolts and studs shall be coated in the field with a suitable lubricant to
prevent damaging.
2.2.2 All bolts shall extend fully thru their nuts. The use of washers or other packings as
a filler for excessive flange bolt lengths is not acceptable.
2.2.3 All flanged joints shall be brought up flush so the entire flange face or groove bears
uniformly on gasket and then made up with uniform bolt tension.
2.2.4 In bolting joints with spiral wound gaskets, the gasket shall be compressed by an
amount equal to about 25% of the original thickness.
2.2.5 The bolting procedure shall be checked by measuring the decrease of the space
between flanges during tensioning.
2.2.6 150 # steel to 125 # cast iron flanged joints are permitted provided “raised face” of
steel flanges be machined to flat face and shall be made up carefully to prevent
breaking of cast iron equipment flanges.
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3 FABRICATION
3.1 For steam boilers, proper piping and external piping shall be identified accordingly.
3.2 The type of flanges, fittings, and connections shall be indicated on Owner’s
drawings and/or in the PDVSA Engineering Specification H–221, “Piping
Materials”.
3.3 Longitudinal or helical seams in adjoining lengths of welded pipe shall be staggered
and located to clear openings and external attachments.

4 DRAWING
4.1 Owner’s representative reserves the right to check sub–assembly fabricator’s
detail drawings and sketches total or partially, prior to initiate fabrication, in order
to guarantee Owner’s requirements.
4.2 The Fabricator shall be responsible for detail drawings and sketches conforming
with the Owner’s requirements.
4.3 Piping shall be fabricated in accordance with drawings. Pre fabricated spool pieces
shall be per isometric drawings.
4.4 Field weld symbol (FW) shall be indicated on drawings or isometrics for spools
where distances, separations or lengths are accurately known and no field
adjustment is required. Otherwise, fit field weld (FFW) symbol shall be indicated.
In this case, an extra length of 152 mm (6 inches) shall be provided for the straight
pipe portion to be adjusted.
No FW or FFW symbols indicate full welding.
4.5 Typical cases for FW and FFW for carbon steel pipes 4 inches and larger; and for
alloy steel pipes 3 inches and larger are:
FW:
– Straight piping requiring weld joints.
– Spools just for truck transportation.
– Spools to be installed close to or between “hard to access” existing piping.
FFW:
– To connect with rotating or static equipment.
– To connect with existing piping.

5 CUTTING AND BEVELING

5.1 Beveling
5.1.1 Unless otherwise required by the piping material or welding (1) processes, welding
ends shall be prepared per ASME B16.25, except that for wall thickness of 4,8 to
19 mm, inclusive, the bevel angle may be reduced to not less than 30 degrees.
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5.1.2 Beveled ends may be cut, shaped and beveled for welding by machining, sawing
or grinding, or flame beveling.

5.2 Flame Cutting

5.2.1 Flame cutting may be used for carbon steel material.
5.2.2 The edges to be welded must be uniform and smooth and must be free of all foreign
matter before welding. (The color change which remains on the flame cut edge
shall be considered as a harmless oxidation).
5.2.3 Flame cutting, arc cutting, or flux injection torch cutting of alloy steel will be
permitted for rough cutting only.
5.2.4 Air hardening alloys shall be preheated and slow cooled to avoid cracking.
5.2.5 The edges of alloy steels so cut must be finished by machining, grinding, or
chipping.
5.2.6 Grinding of austenitic stainless steel shall be done with a non–carbonaceous
wheel.

6 BENDING
6.1 General
6.1.1 Piping bending shall be in accordance with PDVSA Engineering Specification
H–223, “Pipeline and Pipe Bends”.

6.2 Miter Bends

Miter bends may be used for pipe 12 inches NPS and greater, provided:
a. Bends over 45º shall be, at least, three pieces (two cuts)
b. Mean bend radius (at piping centerline) shall be, at least, equal to nominal
pipe size (inches)
c. Maximun miter angle shall be 22–1/2º for piping up to 13,8 barg (200 psig)
design pressure, 15º for piping up to 27,6 barg (400 psig) design pressure and
11–1/4º for piping with more than 27,6 barg (400 psig) design pressure (See
Figure 2).

6.3 Elbows
6.3.1 Elbows shall be long radius and buttwelding ends, unless otherwise approved by
Owner’s representative.

6.4 Branch Connections

6.4.1 Branch connections for steam, instrument air, vapors and gas lines shall be made
on the top of header
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6.4.2 Where possible and economical, connections for 2 inches NPS and greater
headers shall be made up by welding tee, weldolets or sockolets. Otherwise,
branch connections made up by welded nozzles may be used. In all cases,
requirements of ASME Code 31.3 shall be accomplished.
6.4.3 Integrally reinforced branch connections for 4 inches NPS or greater headers are
not permitted if:
a. d/D ratio is greater than 0,8.
D = header nominal diameter; d = branch nominal diameter
b. Header thickness is less than schedule standard thickness for same pipe.
c. Header thickness is less than 19 mm (0,75 in), nominal pipe size exceeds
36 inches and operating temperature is 426 °C (800 °F) or greater.
6.4.4 When branch and header nominal diameters are identical, branch shall be
reinforced with an encircled plate (full header diameter), with a length of twice
branch diameter and same thickness of header, at least.
6.4.5 Branch connections for 1–1/2 inch and smaller nominal diameter headers. Where
possible and economical, branch connections shall be made up by using straight
or reducing socket weld tee or sockolets. If using a coupling or half coupling, two
90º separated gusset strips, welded to pipe, shall be used. Gusset strips shall be
of compatible metallurgy of header and branch. For carbon steel, use P–1, P–3,
P–4 or P–5 strips (See Figure 3).
6.4.6 Minimum wall thickness for 2 inch or smaller niples.

Material 1–1/2 in NPS or smaller 2 in NPS

Carbon Steel and Low Sch 160 Sch 80
Alloys
Stainless Steel and High Sch 80s Sch 40s
Alloys

a. All length threaded nipples are not acceptable

b. For 1–1/2 inch and smaller harmful liquid services or vibrating lines
connected to a header with a branch connection, an isolation gate valve shall
be provided, located not beyond than 228 mm (9 inches) from header (See
Figure 4).
6.4.7 Reinforced branch shall be installed as indicated on drawings and isometrics.
Reinforcing plate shall be of compatible material of header. Reinforcing plate
thickness and dimensions shall be shown on drawings.
6.4.8 Reinforcing plates shall be provided with a vent and pneumatic test 1/8 inch NPT
drilled hole prior to welding.
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6.4.9 A pneumatic test shall be done after welding reinforcing plates, at a pressure of 0,7
– 1,03 barg (10 – 15 psig) for at least, 5 minutes. No leaks are permitted. Hole shall
be filled with appropiated grease to prevent from entering water.

7 FIT–UP JOINT
7.1 Line Joints
7.1.1 Non–consumable backing rings shall not be used.
7.1.2 All fit–ups and tack welds must be made to the satisfaction of the Buyer’s Inspector.

7.2 Tee and Lateral Joints

7.2.1 The centerline of the branch connections shall intersect the centerline of the
header.
7.2.2 All cuts shall be carefully beveled and accurately matched to form a good vee (V)
for weldings.
7.2.3 Wherever possible, the vee (V) shall have a minimum included angle of 75° to
facilitate obtaining the required complete penetration of welds at all points.
7.2.4 Branch connections in piping that are field fabricated shall be in accordance with
PDVSA Engineering Specification H–221, “Piping Materials,” and Owner’s
drawings.
7.2.5 Branch connections in piping that are shop fabricated shall be in accordance with
PDVSA Engineering Specification H–221, “Piping Materials”, and Owner’s
drawings.
7.2.6 The Owner’s representative will indicate on drawings the branch reinforcements
required for vibration, cyclic, thermal, or special conditions other than pressure.
7.2.7 Sockolets or threadolets may be substituted by socket–weld or threaded
couplings. Weldolets may be substituted by welded–in branches whenever such
substitutions meets ASME Codes referenced herein, do not result in increased cost
and with the approval of Owner’s representative.

7.3 Flanges
7.3.1 Whenever possible, bolt holes of flanges in the vertical lines shall straddle the
north–south centerline of the pipe in the erected position. For flanges in the
horizontal lines, bolt holes shall straddle the vertical centerline unless otherwise
indicated on the Owner’s drawing.
7.3.2 Orifice flanges shall be welded to pipe with the drilled holes as shown on isometric
drawings.
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7.3.3 Slip–on flanges shall be provided with a vent and pneumatic test 1/8 inch NPT
drilled hole on the neck prior to welding.
7.3.4 A pneumatic test shall be done after welding of slip–on flanges, at a pressure of
0,7 – 1,03 barg (10 – 15 psig), for, at least, 5 minutes.
No leaks are permitted. Hole shall be filled with appropriate grease to prevent from
entering water.

8 WELDING
8.1 General
8.1.1 All welding of pressure parts of pipe, whether shop or field, shall be done by
qualified welders in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
ASME Code for Process Piping and Owner’s qualification test.
8.1.2 In addition, the requirements of all jurisdictional codes within which the piping
systems are to be installed shall be met.
8.1.3 All field welding done by the piping Contractor or Owner shall be in accordance with
the applicable welding procedures approved by Owner.
8.1.4 Each welder or welding operator must successfully pass the Performance
Qualification Test Requirement in exact accordance with the details of the welding
procedures as submitted.
8.1.5 The piping Contractor shall also be required to conduct welder or welding operator
performance qualification tests as required by the Owner prior to the start of
production welding.

8.2 Welding Process

8.2.1 All welding shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 unless otherwise noted herein.
8.2.2 Welding of pipe over 2 inches in diameter shall be done by an electric arc welding
method.
8.2.3 For pipe of 2 inches diameter or smaller, oxyacetylene (for carbon steel only – not
for alloy) or electric arc welding may be used.
8.2.4 Inert gas shielded welding techniques may be used in making the first pass or
complete weld at the fabricator’s option, unless a specific welding techniques is
required by the applicable Line Spec. of PDVSA Engineering Specification H–221,
“Piping Materials”.

8.3 Welding Electrodes

8.3.1 All electrodes for manual arc welding of steels shall be of heavy flux coated type
conforming to the requirements of ASME–AWS–SFA–5.1 for carbon steel
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electrodes, ASME–AWS–SFA–5.5 for low–alloy steel electrodes and

ASME–AWS–SFA–5.4 for stainless steel electrodes.
8.3.2 The selection of particular grades shall be made in accordance with Paragraph
8.3.4 of this specification, but the brand shall be subject to the approval of the
Buyer’s Inspector.
8.3.3 Electrodes and filler metals used in all other welding processes shall meet the
requirements of applicable ASME specification.
8.3.4 The brand shall be subject to the approval of the Owner’s representative.

8.4 Selection of Welding Electrodes

8.4.1 Welding electrodes shall be as specified in the applicable welding procedures.

9 HEAT TREATMENTS
9.1 Weldments
9.1.1 The annealing of nickel or chrome–molly steel may be substituted for
stress–relieving if approved by the Owner provided that:
a. The welding procedure is qualified in accordance with ASME B31.3 in a
thickness equal to or greater than the thickness of material to be welded in
production and the hardness requirements of paragraph 12.2 and ASME
B31.3 are met.
9.1.2 Heating by open torches is not permitted.
9.1.3 Minimum of two thermocouples on each weld are required when stress relieving
is done on ferritic alloy steels by localized heating.
9.1.4 Weldments in enclosed furnaces or oil heaters may be given their required thermal
treatments by heating the entire furnace to appropriate temperatures.
9.1.5 Adequate thermocouples shall be used to ensure that all weldments are properly
heated.
9.1.6 Piping shall be heated to a warm hand condition prior to welding when ambient
temperatures are below 10° C (50° F).
9.1.7 Heat treatment is required for all H2S service carbon steel line weldings, except as
indicated herein:
a. A solution with a concentration less than 50 ppm.
b. Multiple pass weldings in seamless pipes, done from outer surface only.
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c. External welding elements (gusset strips, clips, pipe supports, etc.), where
deposited metal does not touch wet H2S
d. Seal multipass weldings
e. Multipass weldings for branch connections, done from outer surface only
9.1.8 Heat treatment is required for all alkaline solution services line weldings, such as:
a. Alkali metal hydroxide caustic solutions, such as sodium or potassium
hydroxide
b. Amines defined as solutions for acid gas absorption or removal of acidic
components (i.e. H2S, CO2) from hydrocarbons and hydrogen streams.
These include monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyl
diethanolamine (MDEA) and FLEXSORB amines.
9.1.9 After heat treatment, no clips, gusset strips, support or any element shall be
welded to pipe wall, unless affected area be heat treated again following ASME
Code requirements.

9.2 Special Heat Treatments

Stress relief for welds and bends in caustic service:
a. All stress relieving shall be done after pipe is finished welding and/or bending.
b. Welds and bends shall be heated to a temperature of 593° C and held there
for one hour.
c. Welds and bends should then be cooled in still air.

10 FINAL CORRECTIONS
10.1 For carbon steel pipe, if any additional bending is required after the completion of
fabrication to meet dimensional requirements, such bending or correcting may be
made by any suitable method subject to the approval of the Owner’s Inspector.
10.2 For austenitic alloy pipe, and ferritic alloy steel pipe after final heat treatment, all
corrections must be made cold without the application of any heat.
10.3 If it is impossible to make the correction in ferritic alloy pipe cold, the piece should
be heated by a controlled method to 680° C to a maximum of 730° C.

11 TOLERANCES
11.1 See Figure 1, Dimensional Tolerances.

12 INSPECTION AND TESTS

12.1 Inspection of Welds
12.1.1 All welds shall be subject to the inspection requirements of ASME B31.3.
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12.1.2 The standards of acceptability for all radiographs shall be ASME B31.3.
12.1.3 All joints subject to 100% radiographic inspection shall have complete penetration.
12.1.4 For welds made with inert gas welding techniques, which are subject to
radiographic inspection, the radiographic standard of acceptability shall include
additional requirements as follows:
a. The root of the weld shall show a smooth contour and no evidence of
non–fused land at the edges of the base material.
b. “Sink” or depression of the root pass shall not result in a total thickness,
including weld reinforcement, which is less than the original wall thickness of
the material being welded. The total length of depression of the root pass shall
not exceed 20% of the circumference of the pipe.

12.2 Hardness Test

12.2.1 Hardness tests shall be made on all chrome, chrome–molly, and nickel alloy steel
piping after heat treatment.
12.2.2 Brinnell hardness tests shall be made on a minimum of 10% of the welds or bends
from each furnace heat treatment charge and on each locally heat treated section.
12.2.3 The hardness test shall be made on the surface of material affected by the bending
or welding operations and shall show hardness numbers not to exceed the values
permitted by ASME B31.3 on stress–relieved weldments and 180 Brinnell on
annealed bends.

12.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Test for Piping Sub–Assemblies

12.3.1 No shop hydrostatic testing shall be required for any sub–assemblies fabricated
in accordance with this Engineering Specification.
12.3.2 These sub–assemblies and field fabricated piping shall be hydro–statically tested
in the field in accordance with Engineering Procedure PDVSA PI–02–08–01,
“Pruebas Hidrostáticas y Neumáticas para Sistemas de Tuberías”.

12.4 Dimensional Check

Before preparation for shipment, all parts and dimensions for each piece of
fabricated pipe supplied by piping sub–assembly contractor shall be checked to
make sure the final fabrication meets all the requirements of the Owner’s drawings
and this Engineering Specification.

13 SHIPMENT
13.1 Preparation for Shipment
13.1.1 All pipe shall be dry and free from all water, dirt, and loose foreign materials.
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a. All hot bends must be turbined or otherwise cleaned to completely remove all
adherent burned–on sand.
b. Special cleaning, such as sandblasting and chemical cleaning shall be done
only when required by the applicable Line Spec. of PDVSA Engineering
Specification H–221, “Piping Materials”.
c. Acid cleaning is not permitted on stainless steel piping.
d. Brushes or pads used on stainless steel shall be stainless steel and used only
for stainless steel.
13.1.2 All flange faces, thread ends, and other machined surfaces of all piping materials
shall be coated with grease type rust preventative applied as recommended by the
manufacturer. The brand of grease used must be approved by the Owner’s
Inspector.
13.1.3 All flange faces shall be protected against damage in shipment by suitable covers
of wood or plastic.
a. The covers shall be securely and tightly attached by at least three bolts or by
wiring through at least four bolt holes.
b. Threaded ends shall be provided with plastic thread protectors.
c. Beveled ends shall be protected with plastic caps.

13.2 Spool Piece Marking

13.2.1 The appropriate pipe identification consisting of the line number and spool number
shall be legibly painted on each pipe spool in large block figures.
13.2.2 In addition, each pipe spool shall be identified with the line number and spool
number stamped on the edge of a flange using steel stencils.
13.2.3 If a spool piece contains no flanges, the steel stencil identifying marks shall be
stamped on the pipe at one end.
13.2.4 Steel stencil marks are not permitted on Charpy impact tested carbon steel or
austenitic stainless steel piping or components.
13.2.5 In place of steel stencil marks on the pipe, stamped metal tags shall be securely
fastened to stainless steel spools.
13.2.6 Steel stencil identification marks on ferritic alloy steels shall be applied prior to heat
treatment.
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Fig 1. DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

1
SPECIAL SERVICES
a. Design Temperature w
NORMAL 850 °F or Flange Rating
ITEM SERVICE w ASME Class 900
b. Where plastic or
elastomeric lines (lapped
over the flange faces)
$1/8 in. max. from indicated dimensions for face to face, center
1 provides
to face, location of attachments, etc. the gasket for
the joint
3 Bend flattening tolerance shall be in accordance with the
2 applicable code c. Piping over NPS 3 to be
connected to rotating
$1/8 in. max machinery
lateral translation $1/16 in. max. lateral translation of branches
3 of branches or or connections.
connections
$1/16 in. max. rotation of flanges from the indicated position,
measured as shown.
4 4
$1/64 in. for piping over NPS 3 to be connected to rotating
machinery
Per the applicable $1/64 in. max. out of alignment of flanges
5 Code from the indicated position, measured across
any diameter

ACCEPTABLE METRIC EQUIVALENTS

IN. 1.64 1.16 1/8 850°F NPS 3

MM 0.4 1.5 3 454°C 80
1 1 1 1
5
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Fig 2. LIMITATIONS ON MAXIMUM MITER ANGLE

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE
DESIGN PRESSURE

TWO WELD MITER v 200 PSIG

THREE WELD MITER v 400 PSIG

FOUR WELD MITER > 400 PSIG

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Fig 3.

Weld Gussets
to Strap

Use Reinforcement
Pad with Gussets

Flanged Connection Reinforcement Reinforcement with Gussets

with Gussets

Note: Minimize the distance from the main line to the valve or weight
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Fig 4.
Two plane gusseting

General Note:
Bracing detail appliable to extended body type valve,
or compact body valve plus nipple (as illustrated)

9 in max.
(228 mm)