Previous Lecture

• Significant Figures: Final answers should be expressed w/ number

of significant figures of the given quantities.
5 s.f. 2 s.f.
• Scientific Notation:
3 s.f.
• Conversion of Units: Know the connecting conversion factors

• Dimension Analysis:
1. Neglect/remove constants.
2. Arrange equation according to the target variable.
3. Plug in the given units of other variables.

26 January 2016 03 Displacement, Time and Velocity 1

Review

02 Vector Quantities 2
PHYSICS 71
Chapter 1 Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors

02 Vector Quantities

National Institute of Physics

College of Science
University of the Philippines Diliman
02 Vector Quantities 4
Objectives
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
• Differentiate vector and scalar quantities.
• Express a vector from magnitude-direction form to
component form and vice versa.
• Perform addition on vectors.

02 Vector Quantities 5
Scalar vs Vector
• A scalar is a quantity that is described by its magnitude: a
number and its corresponding unit

• Example:

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Scalar vs Vector
• A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and
direction
N

• Example:
W E

magnitude direction

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Vector Notation
• Handwritten notation:

A A
• Typeset:

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Vector Representation
(1) Bearing
(2) Components y

Bearing
• Magnitude
• Direction angle
x
Displacement vector

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Vector Magnitude
• Magnitude of vector

• Example: Given the following vectors

• Corresponding magnitudes W E

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Vector Addition

• C is the vector sum or resultant

• Graphical way: “tail-to-head method”

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Vector Addition

• C is the vector sum or resultant

• Graphical way: “parallelogram method”

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Vector Addition vs. Scalar Addition

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Negative of a Vector
• Negative of a vector is just a vector with the same
magnitude but opposite in direction
• This means we can perform vector subtraction.

Source: Young and Freedman, University Physics, 13th ed.

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 Components of Vectors
• Unit vectors: vectors of magnitude 1
• 3D:

- unit vector along the x-axis

y
- unit vector along the y-axis

- unit vector along the z-axis

x
z

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Components of Vectors
• Unit vectors: vectors of magnitude 1
• 2D:

y - unit vector along the x-axis

- unit vector along the y-axis

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Components of Vectors
• 2D: Project the vector to the x and y axes
y

02 Vector Quantities 17
Components of Vectors

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Components of Vectors

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Components of Vectors
• Caution: take note of the reference of angle θ
y y

x x

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Components of Vectors

Yes
y

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Components of Vectors
• Solution

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Components of Vectors
• Caution: using the arctan
function
• Trigonometric functions are
notorious for being multi-valued
functions

• Moral lesson: always sketch

the vector to visualize the
correct bearing

02 Vector Quantities 24
Vector Addition
Example
• A cross-country skier skis 1.00 km north and then 2.00 km
east on a horizontal snowfield. How far and in what
direction is she from the starting point?

Solution
• Draw the displacement vectors involved and use tail-to-
head method.

02 Vector Quantities 25
Vector Addition
Solution

The two vectors and the resultant vector form a right triangle. Use
trigonometric identities to solve for the magnitude and direction of the
resultant vector. Source: Young and Freedman, University Physics, 13th ed.

02 Vector Quantities 26
Vector Addition

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Vector Addition

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Vector Addition in Component Form

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Vector Addition in Component Form

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 y

Components of Vectors 3D

x
z

QUIZ

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Reminders
• RECIT INSTRUCTIONS: Go to your respective
discussion rooms. Solve each item on the space
provided. Show the necessary steps in your solutions.
Box your final answers.
• Accomplish Electronic Index Card Submission and
Proof of Co-requisite.
• Return your bluebooks after every quiz. If there is not
enough space, staple another bluebook to the first one.
• I will upload slides on UVLE, after this session. Check
your email if you don’t have UVLE.

02 Vector Quantities 37
Reminders
Agreement to the course policies.

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Credits/References
• University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R. Freedman
Pearson Education 2014
• PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics 13th Ed, Wayne Anderson
Pearson Education 2012
• Physics 71 Lectures by J Vance, M Flores, A Lacaba, PJ Blancas,
G Pedemonte, DL Sombillo, K Agapito
• Background:
http://www.freevector.com/site_media/preview_images/FreeVector-
Vector-Arrows-Background.jpg

02 Vector Quantities 40