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    Some Key Results (To Learn) : You Need To Remember These Trigonometric Formulae-They Are Needed in Some Integration Questions

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    Jie Shen Shen
    This document provides information on key integration formulae and methods: - It lists important trigonometric integration formulae that are useful for integration questions. - The methods of integration discussed are direct integration, partial fractions, integration by parts, substitution, and using trigonometric identities. - Examples are given to illustrate integration by substitution and using trigonometric identities to evaluate definite integrals.

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    Some Key Results (To Learn) : You Need To Remember These Trigonometric Formulae-They Are Needed in Some Integration Questions

    Uploaded by

    Jie Shen Shen
    105 views1 page
    This document provides information on key integration formulae and methods: - It lists important trigonometric integration formulae that are useful for integration questions. - The methods of integration discussed are direct integration, partial fractions, integration by parts, substitution, and using trigonometric identities. - Examples are given to illustrate integration by substitution and using trigonometric identities to evaluate definite integrals.

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    Integration Revision Sheet

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    This document provides information on key integration formulae and methods: - It lists important trigonometric integration formulae that are useful for integration questions. - The methods of integration discussed are direct integration, partial fractions, integration by parts, substitution, and using trigonometric identities. - Examples are given to illustrate integration by substitution and using trigonometric identities to evaluate definite integrals.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    105 views1 page

    Some Key Results (To Learn) : You Need To Remember These Trigonometric Formulae-They Are Needed in Some Integration Questions

    Uploaded by

    Jie Shen Shen
    This document provides information on key integration formulae and methods: - It lists important trigonometric integration formulae that are useful for integration questions. - The methods of integration discussed are direct integration, partial fractions, integration by parts, substitution, and using trigonometric identities. - Examples are given to illustrate integration by substitution and using trigonometric identities to evaluate definite integrals.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Some key results (to learn): You need to remember these trigonometric

     sin xdx   cos x  c  cos xdx  sin x  c formulae- they are needed in some integration
    questions.
     sin(ax  b)dx  cos(ax  b)  c
    1
    a

     cos(ax  b)dx  sin(ax  b)  c


    1
    a
    sin 2 x  12 (1  cos 2 x) cos 2 x  12 (1  cos 2 x)
    sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1 tan 2 x  1  sec 2 x
     sec xdx  tan x  c
    2

    1  cot x  cos ec x
    2 2

    Integration by substitution Methods of integration Integration involving trigonometrical identities


    This column gives the calculations
    for changing the dx to du: The methods of integrating an expression are: Example: Using the identity given above
     x( x
    1) directly writing it down (either by memory or by
     cos xdx   12 (1  cos 2 x)dx  12 ( x  12 sin 2 x)  c
    2
    Example:
    2
     3) dx . 5

    looking in the formula book);


    Make the substitution u  x 2  3 u  x2  3 2) writing the expression in partial fractions;
    Example 2: Find  sin xdx
    3
    We get:  xu dx   12 u du  2x 3) using the method of integration by parts;
    5 5 du
    dx
    du  2 xdx 4) using a substitution; Solution: We use the fact that sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x
    This gives: 1
    12 u 6  c  121 ( x 2  3)6 So, xdx  12 du 5) using a trigonometric identity (such as
    So,  sin xdx   sin x sin xdx   (1  cos x)sin xdx
    3 2 2
    sin 2 x  12 (1  cos 2 x) or cos 2 x  12 (1  cos 2 x) )
    Example 2: Use the substitution
    =  (sin x  sin x cos x)dx
    2
    x 1
    t  2 x  1 to find  dx . See my separate sheet on how to identify which
    =  sin xdx   sin x cos xdx
    2
    2x  1 method of integration is the appropriate one to use in
    t  2x  1 any given situation.
    x 1 1 x 1
    Solution:  t dx   2 t dt dt
    2 2
    Definite integrals using a substitution We now need to work out  sin x cos xdx
    2

    Find  4 xe .
    2

    Since t  2 x  1 , dx x
    We use the substitution
    2 x  t  1  x  12 (t  1) dt  2dx 0 du
    dx  12 dt u  cos x    sin x  du   sin xdx
    1 12 (t  1) Use the substitution u  x 2 . u  x2 dx
    So we get  dt 2 4 du u 3
    So,  sin x cos 2 xdx   u 2 du 
    4
    2  2x
    t
     4 xe   2e du  2e
    2
    x u u
    
    0 dx 3
    Take the multipliers outside the integral: 0 u 0
    du  2 xdx =  3 cos x
    1 3

    1 (t  1)
    = 2e4  2e0  2e 4  2 4 xdx  2du
    4 
    dt  14  (t  1)t 1/ 2 dt  14  t 1/ 2  t 1/ 2 dt
    t

    This gives: 14 23 t  2t
    3/ 2 1/ 2
    c  x=0→u=0 Therefore,  sin xdx   cos x 
    3
     1
    3 
    cos3 x  c
    x=2→u=4
    =  cos x  13 cos x  c
    3

    But t  2 x  1 , so 1
    4  2
    3 
    (2 x  1)3/ 2  2(2 x  1)1/ 2  c .
    This expands to give: 1
    6
    (2 x  1)3/ 2  12 (2 x  1)1/ 2  c

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