Tutorial -1 Autumn-2017-18

Department of Chemical Engineering

CHN-201: Heat Transfer

1. An annealing chamber has a composite wall made of a 17 cm thick firebrick layer (k = 1.1
W/m oC) and a 13 cm thick ordinary brick layer (k = 0.70 W/m oC). The inside and outside
surface temperatures of the walls are 400 oC and 45 oC, respectively. Calculate the heat loss
from 25 m2 of furnace wall. Also, determine the temperature between the ordinary brick
and the firebrick layers.
2. A steel tube with 5 cm ID, 7.6 cm OD, and k = 15 W/(m. oC) is covered with an insulative
covering of thickness t = 2 cm and k = 0.2 W/(m. oC). A hot gas at Ta = 330oC, ha = 400
W/(m2.oC) flows inside the tube. The outer surface of the insulation is exposed to cooler air
at Tb = 30oC with hb = 60 W/(m2.oC).
Calculate the heat loss from the outer tube to the air for H = 10 m of the tube.
Calculate the temperature drops resulting from the thermal resistance of the hot gas flow,
the steel tube, the insulation layer and the outside air.
3. A wall has two layers of insulation on it. The layers are equal thickness but the thermal
conductivity of layer 1 is twice that of the layer 2. How much more thicker should layer 2
be if the heat flow is to be reduced by 20%, the total wall thickness and the driving force
remaining unchanged? What would be the fractional reduction in heat flow if the material
of layer 1 is replaced by the material of layer 2?
4. A spherical vessel of 3 m inside diameter is made of AISI 316 stainless steel sheet of 9 mm
thickness (k = 14 W/m oC). The inside temperature is -80oC. The vessel is layered with a 10
cm thick polyurethane foam (k = 0.02 W/m oC) followed by a 15 cm outer layer of cork (k =
0.045 W/m oC). If the outside surface temperature is 30oC, calculate (a) the total thermal
resistance of the insulated vessel wall, (b) the rate of heat flow to the vessel, (c) the
temperature and heat flux at the interface between the polyurethane and the cork layers,
and (d) the percentage error in calculation if the heat transfer resistance of the metal wall
is neglected.
5. The composite wall of a furnace consists of an inner layer of silica brick, 15 cm thick (k =
1.04 W/m oC), and an outer layer of insulating brick, 20 cm thick (k = 0.2 W/m oC). The
inside temperature of the furnace is 800oC and the interface temperature is 705oC.
Calculate (a) the rate of heat loss through the furnace wall, (b) the outside ‘skin
temperature’ of the brick layer, and (c) the percentage heat transfer resistance offered by
the refractory layer.

CHN-201, Heat Transfer

6. A cylindrical hot gas duct, 0.5 inside radius, has an inner layer of fireclay bricks (k = 1.3
W/m oC) of 0.27 m thickness. The outer layer, 0.14 m thick, is made of a special brick (k =
0.92 W/m oC). The brickwork is enclosed by an outer steel cover which has a temperature
of 65oC. The inside temperature of the composite cylindrical wall of the duct is 400 oC.
Neglecting the thermal resistance of the steel cover, calculate the rate of heat loss per
meter of the duct and also the interface temperature between the ceramic layers. What
fraction of the total resistance is offered by the special brick layer?
7. A tube with OD of D = 2 cm is maintained at a uniform temperature and is covered with an
insulative tube covering [k = 0.18 W/(m oC)] in order to reduce the heat loss. Heat is
dissipated from the outer surface of the cover by natural convection with h0 = 12 W/(m2.
oC) into the ambient air at constant temperature. Determine the critical thickness of the

insulation. Calculate the ratio of the heat loss from the tube with insulation to that without
any insulation for (1) the thickness of insulation equal to that at the critical thickness and
(2) the thickness of insulation 2.5 cm thicker than the critical thickness.
8. Derive the expressions for temperature profile and maximum temperature in a sphere of
radius ro and skin temperature To in which heat is being generated at constant volumetric
rate v. The thermal conductivity (k) of the sphere is constant.
9. A cylindrical shell has ri and ro as the inner and outer radii. The inner and outer surfaces
are maintained at Ti and To, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the material is a
function of temperature, k = k0(1+T), where T is in oC and  is a constant. If heat
conduction is taking place in radial direction, determine the temperature distribution in the
cylinder and the rate of heat flow per unit length.
10. A 3 m diameter furnace operating at 1000 oC has a 0.25 m inner lining of refractory bricks
followed by a 0.15 m layer of bonded rockwool insulation. On the outside the furnace is
covered with a 0.006 m carbon steel plate. If the outer wall temperature is 50 oC, calculate
the rate of heat loss and the boundary temperature between the layers of the refractory
and the bonded wool. The thermal conductivity of the lining is 1.5 W/m.oC and that of the
bonded rockwool is a linear function of temperature, k = 0.648 + 1.55 X 10-4T, W/m.oC
(where T is in oC).
11. A cylindrical shell has two layers of insulation of equal thickness. The outer radius of the
assembly is twice the inner radius. Also the inner layer (layer 1) has a thermal conductivity
thrice that of the outer layer (layer 2). What will be the percentage in heat flow if the layers
are interchanged (i.e. layer 1 becomes layer 2 and vice versa). The thickness of layers
remains the same as before and the temperature driving force remains unchanged.

Home Assignment:
J.P Holman, 9th edition: Chapter 2
Problems: 2.4, 2.9, 2.14, 2.31, 2.33, 2.39, 2.40

CHN-201, Heat Transfer