( 7 ) AN ENGLISH-ARABIC INTERPRETATION MANUAL (415)

AN ENGLISH-ARABIC
INTERPRETATION MANUAL
(A first course)

by
M.M. ENANI

Revised
by
OLA HAFEZ

2001
 Copyrights
Reserved
2001

Education Technology by :
Dr / Ahmed Gaafer
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 13

Contents
Page
Preface ................................................................................... 5
Introduction ......................................................................... 7
How to Study this syllalbus 27

PART I
Objectives ............................................................................. 31
1. From “The Merchant of Venice” (Charles and Mary
Lamb, Tales from Shakespeare, simplified) ...................... 33
2. From “A Midsummer Night's Dream”, by Charles and
Mary Lamb, Tales from Shakespeare, (simplified) ......... 37
3. From “The Doll's House”, by Katherine Mansfield
(simplified) ....................................................................... 40
4. From “Lord Mountdrago”, by W. Somerset Maugham
(simplified) ........................................................................ 43
5. From “Tom Sawyer”, by Mark Twain (simplified) ........... 46
6. From “The Man Who Could Work Miracles”, by H.G.
Wells (simplified) .............................................................. 49

PART II
Objectives ............................................................................. 55
7. From “Women for Sale”, by Joseph Mangut .................... 57
8. From“Coming of the Dry Season”, by Charles Mungoshi.. 58
9. From “Mwipenza the Killer”, by Martha Miringi............ 60
10. From “Animal Farm”, by George Orwell ........................ 61
11. From “Three Dreams in a Desert”, by Olive Schreiner ..... 64
12. From “A Moment in Time”, by H.E. Bates ....................... 65
13. From “The Story of a Panic”, by E.M. Forester ................ 69
42 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

14. From “Steppenwolf”, by Hermann Hesse .......................... 71

15. From “The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie”, by Muriel Spark. 72
16. George Orwell .................................................................... 75

PART III
Objectives.............................................................................. 79
17. Security Called Lax at Manilla Airport ............................. 81
18. A Useful Beginning ........................................................... 84
19. War in Southern Sudan ...................................................... 88
20. Israel and Egypt ................................................................. 93
21. Father and Child Dead in Cottage ..................................... 95
22. Anti-Fraud Bill ................................................................... 97
23. BBC Discontent ................................................................ 98
24. Souvenir Alert .................................................................... 99
25. Line Manager ..................................................................... 100
26. Climber's Ordeal ................................................................ 101
27. Juror Fined ......................................................................... 102
28. Vets Face Action ................................................................ 103
29. Arson Remand ................................................................... 104
30. Julie Ward Writ .................................................................. 105
31. Bodies Identified ................................................................ 106
32. Football Scores ................................................................... 107
33. Bhagwan Britons on Trial .................................................. 108
34. Orange County Set to Default ............................................ 109
35. Japan Emperor Has Surgery ............................................... 111
36. Poll Setback for Seoul's Leaders ........................................ 112
37. Credit Notes ....................................................................... 113
38. Scotland Gets New Nursing Union .................................... 114
39. Car Talks Continue ............................................................ 116
40. Engineering Pay Rises Average 3.2% ............................... 118
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 35

41. Lowndes Eyes Rivals ......................................................... 121

42. Fyffes Still Hungry ............................................................ 123
43. Berkeley Lifts Gloom ........................................................ 125
44. Brent Walker Confident ..................................................... 127
45. Hanson Acquisition ............................................................ 129
46. Guard Posted on Nude Painting ......................................... 131
47. Insurer's Sale Warning ....................................................... 132

Appendix : Translation of Selected Passages ............ 135

An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 5

Preface

This is an English-Arabic Interpretation Manual. It is not,

therefore, a book on interpretation (its theory and practice) but a
practical course, carefully designed to help the student acquire the
required skills gradually and effectively. It does not consist
therefore of units but of parts, each containing an increasing number
of pages, and each handling a different skill. Part I contains
passages containing no new vocabulary; the style is simplified so as
to help the learner focus on the interpretation process. It consists of
six passages which can be covered in two weeks (the equivalent of
two units). The purpose here is to familiarize the student with the
mechanics of interpretation, in which a tape recorder must be used,
in the absence of a language lab. Part II contains equally easy
passages, though not simplified, designed to launch the learner in
the interpretation process proper. Some of these 10 passages (eight
of which are given in Arabic translation in the Appendix) may be
used later on as translation exercises as well. They may be covered
in three weeks on average (the equivalent of three units).

Part III includes passages collected from the press which do

contain new words, given in Arabic after each. The 31 passages
cover the whole gamut of current affairs vocabulary and should be
adequate for a ten-week course of study (equivalent to ten units).

The Introduction sets out the required steps and the details of
6 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

the learning process. Needless to say, interpretation teaching

should always be done in a language lab. and under supervision; but
remote or distant learning in this field is not impossible and, if
careful enough, the student should acquire the skills needed. Ideally,
exams have to be undertaken orally; but if too difficult, another
testing system may do for the moment.

Above all, the student should advance from Part I to Part II and
never approach part III until he or she has mastered the mechanics of
interpretation as set out in the introduction. Some passages may be
used at a later date for both interpretation and translation.

M. Enani
Cairo, 2001
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 7

Introduction

The difference between consecutive or at sight translation and

interpretation, occasionally described as ‘simultaneous translation’
has been adequately discussed in the ‘Introduction’ to my last book
on consecutive and at sight translation (level II). I shall go no more
into those differences but shall simply outline the method to be
adopted in teaching the present course.

Firstly, the student should have a tape-recorder. This is not an

optional learning aid but absolutely essential. In the absence of a
language lab. self-teaching must rely on a tape recorder.

Secondly, the student will have to look at the passage to be

translated quickly before starting to translate so as to estimate the
time required for the putative delivery in English and try not to
exceed it in his interpretation. If he or she decides it may take 10
minutes, then the time alloted for the interpretation should not
exceed that by more than two to three minutes.

Thirdly, having read the English passage to oneself, one may be

able to spot the most difficult parts to translate, be they individual
words, phrases or whole structures. At this initial stage of
interpretation learning, the student is not required to give the fullest
‘sense’ possible but only the main ideas gleansd from the passage
8 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

during delivery. If, therefore, too many difficulties are found in

the text, that is, if the difficulties should prevent the student from
grasping the essential ideas, they must be overcome first. The
student may do that by using a dictionary. That is why this Manual
has effectively dealt with these problems : PART I consists of
passages especially rewritten so that they contain no new words at
all. All the words used do not exceed the 2000-word vocabulary
range, which the student should have learnt by this stage. It will not
be necessary, therefore, for the student to consult a dictionary and
he or she may handle all the passages at once.

Fourthly, the student should use the tape recorder to record his
or her Arabic version of the English text without having to
restructure any sentences. The process should be as follows :

1. Looking at your text in the book, begin to read silently,

following the syntax of the English sentence until you have
arrived at an operative verb. This should be your cue : now
speak into the recorder until you believe that the meaning is
complete, before moving on to the next sentence.

2. For the purposes of interpretation, a sentence is re-defined here to

mean any complete unit of meaning or, in technical terms, any
meaningful set of words.

3. In this controlled-vocabulary section, the emphasis will always

be on conveying the meaning, regardless of any flaws in the
Arabic structure. Never consult the Appendix until you are
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 9

through with the interpretation. Remember, some passages can be

used for both interpretation and for translation at a later stage,
but the emphasis here is on interpretation.

Now a practical exercise will be given to illustrate this process. The

Opening passage has the following first paragraph :

Shylock, the Jew, lived at Venice; he made himself

very rich by lending money at great interest to Christian
merchants. Shylock, bieng a hard—hearted man, forced
men to pay the money he lent with such cruelty, that he
was much hated by all good men, and particularly by
Antonio, a young merchant of Venice. And Shylock as
much hated Antonio, because he used to lend money to
people in trouble, and would never take any interest for
the money he lent; therefore there was great hatred
between the Jew and the kind merchant Antonio.
Whenever Antonio met Shylock he used to attack him
for hard dealings; and this the Jew would bear with
seeming patience, while he secretly planned to hurt him.

Being a beginner, your first version may go something like this :

ً‫وقد جعل نفـسه غنيا‬/ ‫كـان شيلوك الـيهودى يعيش فـى البندقـية‬
‫ وملـا كان‬./ ‫جداً بـإقراض النقـود بفوائـد كبيرة إلـى التجار املـسيحيني‬
‫ فقـد كان يـرغم الرجـال على دفع النقـود التى‬/، ‫شيلوك قـاسى القلب‬
‫ حتى أنه أصبح مكروهاً من جميع الرجال‬/، ‫أقرضها لهم بقسوة كبيـرة‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫الـطيبـني ‪ ،/‬وخصـوصـاً مـن أنطـونيـو ‪ /،‬وهـو تـاجـر شـاب فـى‬

‫البندقـية ‪ /‬وكان شيلـوك يكره أنطـونيو بنفـس الدرجة ‪ /‬ألن أنـطونيو‬
‫كـان يقرض املـال إلى من يـواجهون املتـاعب ‪ /‬وال يتقـاضى أى فـوائد‬
‫علـــى قروضــــــه ‪ /،‬ولـذلك كانـت هناك كـراهية شـديدة بني الـيهودى‬
‫وبني أنطـونيو التـاجر الطيـب القلب ‪ /‬وكلما قـابل أنطونيـو شيلوك ‪/‬‬
‫كان يهـاجمه بسبب معـامالته القاسيـة ‪ ،/‬وكان اليـهودى يتحمل ذلك‬
‫بصبر فى الظاهر بينما كان يخطط فى السر إليذائه ‪.‬‬
‫‪As you see, the Arabic is clumsy, often unidiomatic but the‬‬
‫‪ideas are all there. This is inevitable in interpretation. However, if‬‬
‫‪the student wants to ‘write up’ the interpreted version, he or she‬‬
‫‪may do so at leisure, and this may take the following form :‬‬

‫كان شيلوك اليهـودى يقيم فى البنـدقية وقد جمع ثـروة طائلة عن‬
‫طريق إقراض املال بـالربا الفاحـش إلى التجار النصـارى ‪ ،‬وكان لقسوة‬
‫قلبه يـرغـمهم علـى سـداد ديـونهـم بفظـاظـة جعلت جـميع األخيـار فـى‬
‫املدينة ميقتونه‪ ،‬وخصوصاً أنطونيو ‪ ،‬التاجر الشاب ‪ ،‬الذى كان شيلوك‬
‫يبادله البغـض نفسـه ألنه كان يقرض املعسرين قروضاً حسنة ‪ ،‬ومن ثم‬
‫استعـرت الكراهية بيـنهما فكان أنطـونيو يسب شيلـوك كلما التقى به‬
‫ويلـومه علـى قـسـوة معـامالته ‪ ،‬وكــان شيلــوك يتحـمل ذلك صـابـراً‬
‫فى الظاهر ‪ ،‬مضمراً فى الباطن أن يؤذى أنطونيو ‪.‬‬

‫‪This is an idiomatic translation, hardly required of any‬‬

‫‪interpreter. What are the differences than ? First, idiomatic language‬‬
‫‪favours precision and savours of the spirit of genuine Arabic, the‬‬
‫‪target language here (TL). Compare the two texts to find out such‬‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 11

differences. Another example will further illustrate the work of

the interpreter : passage 2 begins with this paragraph :

THERE was a law in the city of Athens which gave

to its citizens the power of forcing their daughters to
marry whomsoever they pleased. For if a daughter
refused to marry the man her father had chosen to be her
husband, the father might by this law cause her to be put
to death. But as fathers do not often desire the death of
their own daughters, even though they do happen to
prove a little disobedient, this law was seldom or never
put into force.

The interpreter will stop at the word Athens as here a

meaninfgul set of words may be found, and he or she may begin
again by repeating the subject of the first sentence until the full stop.
The same process will be repeated with the following results :

‫كان هـناك قـانون فـى أثيـنا ( وكـان ) يعطـى للمـواطنني سلـطة‬

‫إرغام بناتهم على الزواج ممن يريدون ؛ ألنه إذا رفضت الفتاة أن تتزوج‬
‫الـرجل الـذى اختـاره والـدهـا كـان يجـوز لألب وفقـاً لهـذا القـانـون أن‬
‫ ولكنـه ملا كـان اآلباء ال يـرغبـون كثـيراً فـى قتل‬.‫يتـسبـب فى مـوتهـا‬
‫ فلم يكن هـذا القانون يطبق‬، ‫ حتى ولو أبديـن بعض العصيان‬، ‫بنـاتهم‬
. ً‫إال فى حاالت نادرة أو ال يطبق إطالقا‬
Again this is too unidiomatic and quite awkward, though the
ideas are, again, all there. The student may now be ready to write it
up :
12 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

‫كـان قـانـون أثـينـا يخـول لآلبـاء إرغـام بنــاتهم علـى الـزواج ممن‬
، ‫ فإذا رفضت الفتاة االنصياع إلرادة والدها‬، ‫يختـارونه لهن من أزواج‬
‫ ولـكن اآلباء نادراً مـا يرغبون‬، ‫كان مـن حقه قانونـاً أن يأمر بـإعدامها‬
‫ ومن ثم نادراً ما كان‬، ‫ ولو شققن عصا الطاعة عليهم‬، ‫فى قتل بناتهم‬
. ً‫ بل ولم يكن يُعمل به إطالقا‬،‫يُعمل بذلك القانون‬

* * *
This manual is divided into three parts : the first consists of
passages with controlled vocabulary, as has been said, so that the
student may do without the dictionary altogether. The second (PART
II) gives selections from original texts with easy enough
vocabulary, requiring little use of the dictionary. Four passages of
the first part, and eight of the second are given in translation in the
Appendix.

Remember You may not refer to the translated text until you
have completed the interpretation EXERCISE.

The Appended Arabic texts are for reference only. Now PART
III is all important for the advanced student. While the first two
parts are vocabularly—controlled, PART III consists of 31 short
passages collected from the newspapers (the British and American
press) over the last 5 years. They do contain new words, and these
are given in Arabic after each passage. The student is required to
read the appended translation of the words, then follow the same
procedure outlined above.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 13

It is for this reason that the book is not divided into units but
rather into ‘parts’ : each is designed to teach a different skill. Part I
has the express purpose of training the student in the art of
interpretation. The six simplified extracts from well-known novels
by major British and American authors may be regarded as six units,
four of which are given in Arabic in the Appendix for reference. Part
II contains 10 extracts, also from well-known writers; nine are
extracts from African, German and English writers, and one is a
critical comment on one of them. Its purpose is to launch the student
more forcefully into the art of interpretation, having had adequate
training with Parts I and II. The vocabulary of the ten passages is
Part II is less controlled and the style is not simplified. Care has been
taken in grading the passages from the simple straightforward style
of the African writers in the first three extracts, to the equally easy,
though more ‘natural’ style of famous writers like George Orwell,
H.E. Bates, E.M. Forester and Murial Spark. While simplified
English may sound a little artificial, the ‘natural’ style of these
writers, easy though it is, is more idiomatic and powerful. There is
an added advantage in compiling extracts from stories : they engage
the translator's attention and encourage cohesion in Arabic.

PART III is a little different as has been said, because it can be

used not only for interpretation by also for translation, and the
vocabulary provided will add to the aspirants interpreter's lexical
arsenal (and familiarity with current affairs language).
14 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

Thus graded, the exercises should constitute a full course in

interpretation. But this is not to say that the English texts of PART
II may not also be used in translation exercises. The style of the
passages in this part varies from one writer to the next and the
student should be made conscious of this. As the style grows more
complex and as the qualifications proliferate, the student must be
given greater freedom to either stick to the original structures in
interpretation or undertake the essential transformations in the
translation. Take the opening sentence of passage 16 (at the end of
PART II) :

George Orwell's reputation as a writer rests largely on

his novels, but his gifts are not those of a novelist, and if
the novel had not happened to be the prevailing literary
form during the twenty years when he was writing, he
would probably never have been attracted to it.

The striking feature of this style is the long, balanced sentence

where the parts are linked with coordinating conjunctions (and &
but). A professional interpreter may not pay attention to structure,
that is, he may not care to introduce any significant changes in it (he
normally has no time for this), but may proceed as follows :

‫تعـتمد شهـرة جـورج أورويل باعتباره كـاتباً على رواياتـه إلى حـد‬
‫ وإذا لم تكن الـرواية‬، ‫ ولـكن مواهـبه لم تكن مـواهب الروائـى‬، ‫بـعيد‬
‫هـى الـشكل األدبـى السـائـد فـى األعــوام العشـرين التـى عـمل فيهـا‬
. ‫بالكتابة فاألرجح أنها ما كانت قد استهوته‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪This is what has been called ‘interpretation style’, and is to be found‬‬

‫‪in most translated books; hence the slightly pejorative sense in‬‬
‫‪which the word ‘professional’ has been used. The ‘foreign’ flavour‬‬
‫‪of the Arabic cannot be missed : no Arab reader can accept this as‬‬
‫‪originally written in Arabic. The fault lies, as has been argued, in‬‬
‫‪the near parallelism of the two texts, structurally and, to a certain‬‬
‫‪extent, syntactically. The student may be stimulated by comparing‬‬
‫‪the various possible versions of the same text as they depart from‬‬
‫‪the typical English structure and approach a style which an Arabic‬‬
‫‪writer may produce :‬‬

‫(‪ )1‬ذاع صـيت جورج أورويل بـاعتبـاره كاتـباً روائيـاً قبل كل شىء ‪،‬‬
‫رغم أنــه لم يكن يـتمتع مبـوهبــة الروائـى احلقيـقى ‪ .‬ولـو لم تكن‬
‫الـروايـة هـى اللـون األدبــى السـائـد فـى الفتـرة التـى عـمل فيهـا‬
‫بـالكتابـة وامتدت عـشرين عـاماً ‪ ،‬فـاألرجح أنه لم يكن قـد كتب‬
‫الرواية على اإلطالق ‪.‬‬
‫(‪ )2‬اشـتهر جورج أورويل بـكتابة الـرواية فى املقـام األول رغم افتقاره‬
‫إلى مـوهبة الـروائى األصيل ‪ ،‬ولكن الـرواية كانـت الشكل األدبى‬
‫الـذى سـاد فتــرة اشتغـاله بــالكتـابـة علـى مـدى عـشـرين عـامـاً‬
‫فاستهوته وإال ما أصبح كاتباً روائياً على األرجح ‪.‬‬
‫(‪ )3‬إن أهم مـا تستند إلـيه شهرة جورج أورويل الكـاتب هو رواياته ‪،‬‬
‫مع أنه لـم يكـن يتـمتع مبــواهب الـروائـى الـصــادق ‪ ،‬ولكـن ذلك‬
‫الـشكل األدبى كان سـائداً على مـدى األعوام العشـرين التى عمل‬
‫فيهـا بالكـتابة فـاجتذبه إلـيه ‪ ،‬وإال فاألرجح أنه لم يكـن قد كتب‬
‫الرواية على اإلطالق ‪.‬‬
16 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

The last two versions split up the conditional clause to reduce the
complexity of the syntax (Arabic favours, we remember, the direct
and straightforward). This and similar sentences will enable the
teacher, at a much later stage, to nurture in the student a love for
analysis — and the courage to change the English structure
(English not being a sacred language).

Part III should provide the student with the bare minimum of
terminology needed for following up current affairs reports and,
later on, for doing more serious interpretation / translation. The
main training in this field is done in the third and fourth years of
the student's career in the English Department. The small section
included in this manual is, however, adequate for a 8—10 week
course; and it combines the syntactic features typical of media
English used on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as the
‘journalese’ lexicon which seems to have become universal. It will
be of special interest to those who wish to train in the writing of
news stories, that is, in producing not only an ‘interpreted’ text but
an item fit for publication or broadcasting. ‘Mature’ students will
find this easy enough, but the majority will have to be taught how
to handle a newspaper report. The teacher may ask the students to
read the Arabic dailies (to which they may object) or to listen to the
news in Arabic (with which many cannot be bothered) but they
must familiarize themselves with the language of the press. The
student needs to be shown that auxiliaries may be omitted from
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 17

the headlines; and the following heading of passage 16 is a good

example:

SECURITY CALLED
LAX AT MANILLA AIRPORT

Remembering that a passive construction needs to be turned into

an active one, the student will look for the subject but will be
disappointed. He will then be shown that in this case the past
participle could be replaced in the Arabic text by a noun. He may
first try :

. ‫وصف إجراءات األمن فى مطار مانيال بالتسيب‬

then, realizing that it is an accusation, he may try :

. ‫اتهام مطار مانيال باإلهمال فى إجراءات األمن‬

This could well be accepted as a reasonable interpretation but,
reading the Associated Press report, date-lined Washington, the
student may choose to use the actual ‘subject’ (which he now
identifies as the US Transportation Secretary) and so re-write the
headline thus :

. ‫وزيرة النقل األمريكية تتهـم مطار مانيال بالتسـيب فى إجـراءات األمن‬

Perhaps equally important is the rendering of ‘security’ as
‘security arrangements / measures’ in Arabic. While the English text
can do without the extra word, the Arabic cannot; unless, of course,
the now common construction is used :
18 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

. )!( ‫اتهام مطار مانيال بالتسيب األمنى‬

Now this section presents a variety of styles : the ‘reporting’
style of the news items; the ‘opinion’ style of the editorials; and the
‘relaxed’ style of the review and the feature. The first, stark and
factual, requires a thorough knowledge of terminology : a single
mistake can be disastrous. Students are usually made conscious of
this and encouraged to learn the new words by heart. Accuracy here
may be more important than elegance. Take the opening sentence of
passage 19 :

Israel and Egypt have completed four days of talks on

normalizing their relations with agreements on transport,
civil aviation and the location of seven new border
crossings.

Perhaps no Egyptian student will miss the meaning of the key

words; but the interpretation will have to use an equally bald style :

‫ التى اسـتمرت‬، ‫اختـتمت مصـر وإسرائـيل محادثـاتهمـا حول تـطبيع العالقـات‬

‫ وحتديد أماكن سبع نقاط‬، ‫ والطيران املدنى‬، ‫ بإبرام اتفاقيات حول النقل‬، ‫أربعة أيام‬
. ‫جديدة على احلدود للعبور بني البلدين‬
The second, the style of the opinion columns and editorials, may be
less factual (hence less restrictive) but it presents a difficulty of a
different nature. It may include value — judgments and it usually
employs adjectives and emotive words. These are traps in which
most interpreters are likely to fall. Consider this sentence from the
second paragraph in passage 17 :
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 19

The meeting would have been useful enough just to

show that, nearly a decade after Sadat's trip to
Jerusalem, a second Arab leader has the courage and
maturity to accept direct and acknowledged meetings
with Israel.

The operative words are (1) ‘useful enough’; (2) ‘courage and
maturity’; and (3) ‘direct and acknowledged’. The first pair are quite
difficult to translate because the concept of ‘enough’ in this
construction is simply new in Arabic. The nearest equivalent in
classical Arabic does not occur in similar constructions. Consider :

‫) كفـى بجسـمى نحـوالً أننى رجـل‬1(

‫لـوال مخاطبــتى إيـاك لـم ترنــى‬
ً‫) كفى بك داءً أن ترى املوت شافيا‬2(
‫وحســب املنـايا أن يــكون أمانيـا‬
This is why we tend in an idiomatic translation to avoid this
‘classical’ construction, opting for the new.

. ‫ لكفى‬... ‫) ولو أن فائدة االجتماع كانت مقصورة على‬1(

. ‫ لكفى‬... ‫) ولو لم يكن لالجتماع من فائدة سوى‬2(
... ‫) ويكفى االجتماع فائدة أنه قد بني أن‬3(
... ‫) والشك أن االجتماع مفيد حتى لو اقتصرت فائدته على‬4(

The second pair of nouns are easy enough; though we have to

make a choice between ‫ شجــــاعــــة‬and ‫ جــــرأة‬, the former commonly
believed to be closer to the English word, though the latter is the
20 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

epithet most associated with Sadat's trip to Jerusalem (of which

King Hassan's meeting with Perez is said to be an analogue). The
other word, ‘maturity’, presents a strange difficulty : for again a ‫نضج‬
choice will have to be made between the ‘correct’ Arabic noun
and the common, though ‘incorrect’ ‫( نضوج‬which exists in no
classical text and, hence, in no Arabic dictionary). ‘Direct’, in the
third pair of words (adjectives this time), has an accepted translation
( ‫ ;) مباشر‬but ‘acknowledged’ has a translation that does not fit the
present context, viz. ‫ معترف به‬. By it the writer wants to say that the
meeting was held neither in secret nor under one pretext or another.
The meeting was therefore both overt and straightforward. Now,
inasmuch as the meaning of straightforward is already included in
the first epithet of this pair, namely in ‘direct’, ‘overt’ will appear to
be enough. A tentative translation could run :

‫أما فائدة االجتمـاع فيكفى أنه قد أثبت شجـاعة زعيم عربى آخر‬
‫ونضجه بقـبوله عقد اجتماعـات مباشرة وسافـرة مع إسرائيل وملا تنقض‬
. ‫عشر سنوات على زيارة السادات للقدس‬
To say ‘tentative’ is to admit that there can be no ‘final’ not to
say ‘model’ text. This can be described as ‘correct’ but so will be
many others; and this aspect, or ‘characteristic’ of the translator's
work will be felt especially when doing passages in the third
stylistic category (the review and the feature). Consider the opening
sentence of passage 18 :
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 21

The increasingly violent ‘hidden war’ in Southern

Sudan, now in its third year, has unleashed rival armies,
marauding militias and bandit gangs and displaced
hundreds of thousands of destitute and hungry civilians.

The emotive words (typical of such a style) are used in establishing

an attitude or a point of view. Though adjectives, the student will
remember, they need not be rendered as adjectives in Arabic; and the
sentence is obviously too long to be parallelled by an equally long
and solid construction in Arabic. It must be split up and restructured:

، ‫دخلـت احلرب اخلفيـة الدائـرة فى جـنوب السـودان عامهـا الثالث‬

‫ إذ أطلقت العنان للجيوش املتنافسة وجنود‬، ‫وما فتئت ضراوتها تشتد‬
‫ والعصابات من قطاع‬، ‫املليشيات الذين يشنون الغـارات على السكان‬
‫ كما أدت إلى تـشريد مئـات اآلالف من املدنيني الـذين يعانون‬، ‫الطـرق‬
. ‫من الفقر املدقع واجلوع‬
Now consider the following alternative version :

‫ وهـى التـى ال تنـى تـزداد ضـراوة‬، ‫أدت احلـــرب اخلفيــة فـى جنـوب الـسـودان‬
‫ إلـى قيـام اجليـوش املتـناحـرة وتكـوين املـليشـيات الـتى تهـاجم‬، ‫فـى عامهـا الثـالث‬
‫ كمـا أدت إلى تـشريـد مئـات اآلالف من‬، ‫ وعـصابـات اللصـوص‬، ‫السكـان األمنيني‬
. ‫املدنيني الذين طحنهم الفقر واجلوع‬

The emphasis has changed, in consequence of the changed structure,

but the key words have not. The students will find it instructive to
attempt individual versions and to compare them, especially where
they vary in style and emphasis, under the teaher's supervision.
22 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

Passages 21-47 represent graduated exercises taken directly

from The Times, a major British newspaper. The style of this section
is decidedly more difficult to do into Arabic in class, and requires a
great deal of experience in translation. A list of the ‘new’ words has
been appended to each passage, and the student is expected to
familiarize himself / herself with these words in context. The teacher
should explain the intricacies of the brief news items in class,
beginning with the general meaning and advancing to problems of
wording the Arabic text. The following points should be helpful :

A. Titles are often reduced clauses, that is, without a finite verb (or a
modal auxiliary) and this should be handled by finding a nominal
structure in Arabic. It is often the case that the meaning involves
an omission, and this must be supplied. Here are a few examples
: the first item ‘Father and Child Dead in Cottage’ has an omitted
‘were found’ after the subject (father and child). The missing
words are to be inferred from the first line in the item (was
found); and to avoid problems of ‘tense’ in the Arabic title, the
following structure is suggested :

. ‫العثور على جثتى والد وابنته فى منزلهما‬

The teacher should, of course, explain to the students that the
term ‘cottage’ is often used in Britain to indicate an independent
dwelling, comparable to the Arabic ‫ — فيلال‬though on a smaller,
humbler scale. The common Arabic word ‫ كوخ‬is often used as
equivalent of ‘shack’. The same principle applies to all other
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 23

titles : either a simple nominal structure or a more complex one,

such as a prepositional phrase and a noun etc.

Examples :

. ‫) مشروع قانون ملناهضة االحتيال‬2(

. ‫) استياء فى هيئة اإلذاعة البريطانية‬3(
. ‫ إلخ‬... ‫) التحذير من إحضار تذكارات‬4(

B. Many titles rely on ‘pun’, as a standard English device; the

British like word-play and prefer double meanings to
straightforward expressions. These are difficult to translate and
the pun is normally ignored. Passage 32 is a notable example :
‘score’ has many meanings, one of which is intended in the title,
the rest implied. Even the form of the word makes it possible to
read it as a noun and as a verb. This should be explained to the
student but avoided in the translation :

. ‫) نتائج كرة القدم‬1(

. ‫) إجناز كرة القدم‬2(
. ‫) كرة القدم تكسب‬3(

One only should be chosen; as is the case with item 37 where

‘notes’ could mean ‘banknote’ (money / bonds) or musical notes.
Again, the pun should be ignored :

. ‫) اكتشاف سندات فى بيانو‬1(

! ‫) أوراق مالية داخل األوتار‬2(
24 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

! ‫) أنغام لها ثمن‬3(

Sometimes the translator has to depart from the literal meaning
in order to ‘echo’ the original pun, but that is not required at this
stage. Take title 42, ‘Fyffes Still Hungry’ : the name is simply
that of a company that disributes fruit and vegetables. The
adjective in the title simply means ‘eager’ to acquire more
shares in other companies; but the choice of the word is intended
to glance at the business, with an indirect pun. Here the
translator may ‘echo’ the pun or ignore it :

! ‫) شركة فايفس ال تشبع‬1(

! ‫) شركة فايفس تريد التهام أسهم جديدة‬2(
! ‫) شركة فايفس تشترى املزيد‬3(
C. The sentence structure of each item is often ‘crammed’, that
is, full of information which must be ‘expanded’ in Arabic. Take
the opening sentence of passage 21 : here we have many pieces
of information crammed in one sentence. The student should be
taught to disentangle each piece as follows :

(1) Firemen were called to a burning cottage in the village of

Denton, near Oxford;

(2) They found two dead people;

(3) One was a stabbed girl who was 5 years old;

(4) The other was the body of a man who is believed to be her
father.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 25

Then the Arabic sentence should be arranged in such a way as to

include all these pieces of information without causing any
difficulty to the reader. One could begin with the second, thus :

‫اكتشـف رجال املطـافئ جثـتني فى مـنزل اشتعلـت فيه النيـران بعد‬

‫ وكانت اجلثة األولى‬، ‫استدعائهم إلطفاء احلريق الـذى شب فيه باألمس‬
‫ والثانية بـالقرب منها‬، ‫لفتـاة فى اخلامسـة من عمرها مـصابة بطعنـات‬
.‫ وذلك فـى قرية دينتون بالقرب من أكسفورد‬، ‫لرجل يعتقد أنه والدها‬
Or one could begin anywhere, in fact, to unravel the complexity
of the English sentence. Participles like ‘stabbed’ are rendered,
as shown above, by using more than one word; the participial
from does not indicate whether the dead girl was stabbed once or
more than once, and it is possible to interpret the participle in any
number of ways. One stab could be enough to kill a five-year old
child, of course, and the translator (as an interpreter) must rely on
his own ‘reading’ of the text.

In passage 25, the initial sentence includes a medial phrase

which may or may not be separated from the sentence. The
relative clause (which ....) may be delayed until the end, thus

‫ وهى‬، ‫أعـلنت سكـك حديـد جبل سنـودن عن حـاجتـها ملـدير عـام‬

. ‫الشركة التى تقوم بنقل السياح إلى أعلى قمة جبل فى ويلز‬

or it may be kept in its original position — without difficulty.

But the initial sentence of the following passage must be split in
many parts :
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫(‪ )1‬سقـط بول فـوزارد من ارتفـاع ‪ 200‬قدم فـى خنـدق أثنـاء تسلقـه‬
‫جبل بن لـويال فـى ساذرالنــد فى شـمالـى سكتلنـدا ‪ .‬وقد قـضى‬
‫فـوزارد ‪ ،‬وهو فى السـادسة والثالثني من عمـره ‪ ،‬واملقيم فى لووار‬
‫هوبتون فـى غربى يـوركشير ‪ ،‬يـومني كاملـني فى محاولـة الوصول‬
‫إلـى سيـارته ‪ ،‬علـى بعـد خـمسـة أميـال ‪ ،‬إذ كـان ينـقل خطـواته‬
‫بصعـوبة بـالغة بـسبب انخالع فـى كتفه وإصـابته بكـسر فـى عظم‬
‫الترقوة ‪.‬‬

‫‪The same principle will apply to most passages, and the student‬‬
‫‪should, when he or she has completed this section, be fully aware‬‬
‫‪of this basic syntactic feature of English.‬‬

‫‪Needless to say, all the Arabic words suggested are‬‬

‫‪tentative and the teacher is free to suggest any other alternative,‬‬
‫‪should the context so require.‬‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 27

How to Study This syllabus

To the Student :

There are seven video tapes which go with this book . One tape,
a 2 hour one, surveys the whole book . The other six tapes, one hour
each, deal, in depth, with the three parts of the book . The six video
tapes, have been prepared for TV transmission . However, you are
strongly advised to have a copy of them . The 2 - hour tape is
already available with the book .

The student is advised to do the interpretation exercises in the

following way :

1- Be ready with a tape recorder .

2- Read the objectives of the part you are going to study .

3- Look at the part you intend to interpret and estimate the time
you need to provide an Arabic version of it .

4- Solve any vocabulary problem . Use a dictionary or refer to

the appended translation of vocabulary .

5- Start reading the first sentence until you come to an operative

word .

6- Speak into the recorder expressing the main idea in Arabic .

At this stage flaws in Arabic are expected . So, don't try to
reconstruct any sentence .
28 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

7- Try not to exceed the time you have estimated .

8- Check your interpretation against the translation given in the
appendix whenever possible .

To use the tapes , you should go through the following stages :

1- Previewing the video :

a- Go through the objectives of the part you are studying .

b- Be ready with the necessary stationery .

2- While viewing the video :

a- Follow the explanation and instructions of the instructor .

b- Write down any additional explanation or advice .

c- Do the exercises the way you are told .

3- After viewing the video :

Frequently review the new vocabulary as well as the instructor's

explanation and advice .
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 29

PART I
30 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 31

Part I

Objectives :
By the end of this part, students should be able to :
1-Deal with a simplified text ( controlled vocabulary
and simplified style ).
2- Recognize the operant word in a sentence .
3- Provide an acceptable interpretation which would
convey the main ideas regardless of any flaws in
Arabic.
4- Provide the interpretation within the time limit
( a reasonable one ) which they have estimated in
advance.
32 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 33

(1)
THE MERCHANT OF VENICE

SHYLOCK AND ANTONIO

Shylock, the Jew, lived at Venice; he made himself very rich

by lending money at great interest to Christian merchants. Shylock,
bieng a hard—hearted man, forced men to pay the money he lent
with such cruelty, that he was much hated by all good men, and
particularly by Antonio, a young merchant of Venice. And Shylock
as much hated Antonio, because he used to lend money to people in
trouble, and would never take any interest for the money he lent;
therefore there was great hatred between the Jew and the kind
merchant Antonio. Whenever Antonio met Shylock he used to
attack him for hard dealings; and this the Jew would bear with
seeming patience, while he secretly planned to hurt him.

Antonio was the kindest man that lived. He was greatly

beloved by all his fellow—citizens; but the friend who was nearest
and dearest to his heart was Bassanio, a noble Venetian, who,
having only a small property, had wasted it by living in too costly a
manner (as young men of high rank with small fortunes often do).
Whenever Bassanio wanted money, Antonio helped him; and it
seemed as if they had but one heart and one purse between them.
34 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

One day Bassanio came to Antonio, and told him that he

wished to make a wealthy marriage with a lady whom he dearly
loved. Her father, who was lately dead, had left her a large property.
In her father's lifetime (he said) he used to visit her at her house,
and sometimes he thought this lady had sent him messages with her
eyes; but not having money to make himself appear the lover of so
rich a lady, he begged Antonio to lend him three thousand pounds.

Antonio had no money by him at the time to lend his friend; but
expecting soon to have some ships come home with goods for sale,
he said he would go to Shylock, the rich money—lender, and
borrow the money.

Antonio and Bassanio went together to Shylock, and Antonio

asked the Jew to lend him three thousand pounds upon any interest
he wished, to be paid out of the goods in his ships at sea.

On this, Shylock thought within himself, “If I can once catch

him, I will feed the hatred that I bear him; he hates our Jewish
nation; he lends out money without interest; and among the
merchants he curses me and my good business. May my tribe be
cursed if I forgive him !”.

Antonio, seeing he was thinking and did not answer, and being
anxious to get the money, said, “Shylock, do you hear ? will you
lend the money ?”.

To this question the Jew replied, “Signor Antonio, many a time

An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 35

you have cursed me, and I have borne it quietly; and then you have
called me unbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spat on my Jewish
garments, and kicked at me with your foot, as if I was a dog. Well,
then, it now appears you need my help; and you come to me, and
say, Shylock, lend me money. Has a dog money ? Is it possible a dog
should lend three thousand pounds ? Shall I bend low and say, ‘Fair
sir, you spat upon me on Wednesday last; another time you called me
dog; and for these kind deeds I am to lend you money’.”

Antonio replied, “I am as likely to call you so again, to spit on

you again, and kick at you too. If you will lend me this money, lend
it not as to a friend, but rather lend it as to an enemy, that, if I cannot
pay again, you may with better face punish me”.

“Why, look you,” said Shylock, “how you storm ! I would be

friends with you, and have your love. I will forget the shame you
have put upon me. I will supply your wants, and take no interest for
my money.” This offer greaty surprised Antonion : and then Shylock,
still pretending kidness, again said he would lend him three thousand
pounds, and take no interest for his money; only Antonio should go
with him to a lawyer, and there sign in merry sport a bond, that if he
did not repay the money by a certain day, he would lose a pound of
flesh, to be ut off from any part of his body that Shylok pleased.

“Content,” said Antonio, “I will sign this bond, and say there is
much kindness in the Jew.”
36 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

Bassanio said Antonio should not sign such a bond for him; but
still Antonio said that he would sign it, for before the day of
payment came, his ships would come back with many times the
value of the money.

Shylock, hearing this talk, cried out, “O father Abraham, what

evil these Christians think ! Their own hard dealings teach them to
think evil. I pray you tell me this, Bassanio : if he should break his
bond, what should I gain ? A pound of man's flesh, taken from a
man, is not worth so much as the flesh of mutton or of beef. I say, to
buy his favour I offer this friendship : if he will take it, so; if not,
farewell.”

At last, against the advice of Bassanio, Antonio signed the bond,

thinking it really was (as the Jew said) merely in sport.

Charles and May Lamb,

Tales from Shakespeare
(Simplified).
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 37

(2)
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM

A CRUEL LAW

THERE was a law in the city of Athens which gave to its

citizens the power of forcing their daughters to marry whomsoever
they pleased. For if a daughter refused to marry the man her father
had chosen to be her husband, the father might by this law cause her
to be put to death. But as fathers do not often desire the death of their
own daughters, even though they do happen to prove a little
disobedient, this law was seldom or never put into force.

There was one instance, however, of an old man, whose name

was Egeus, who actually did come before Theseus (at that time the
reigning duke of Athens), to complain that his daughter Hermia,
whom he had commanded to marry Demetrius, a young man of a
noble Athenian family, refused to obey him, because she loved
another young Athenien named Lysander. Egeus demanded justice
of Theseus, and desired that this cruel law might be put in force
against his daughter.

Hermia's defence was that Demetrius had formerly said that he

loved her dear friend Helena, and that Helena loved Demetrius to
madness. But this very good reason which Hermia gave for not
obeying her father's command did not move the stern Egeus at all.
38 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

Theseus, though a great and merciful prince, had no power to

alter the laws of his country. Therefore he could only give Hermia
four days to consider the thing : and at the end of that time, if she
still refused to marry Demetrius, she was to be put to death.

When Hermia left the presence of the duke, she went to her
lover Lysander, and told him the danger she was in, and that she
must either give him up and marry Demetrius, or lose her life in four
days.

Lysander was in great grief at hearing this bad news. But

remembering that he had an aunt who lived at some distance from
Athens, and that at the place where she lived the cruel law could not
be put in force against Hermia, he proposed to Hermia that she
should creep secretly out of her father's house that night, and go with
him to his aunt's house, where he would marry her.

“I will meet you,” said Lysander, “in the wood a few miles
outside the city : in that delightful wood where we have so often
walked with Helena in the pleasant month of May.”

To this proposal Hermia joyfully agreed; and she told no one of

her intended flight but her friend Helena. Helena (as maidens will do
foolish things for love) very unkindly resolved to go and tell this to
Demetrius, though she could hope to get no good by giving away
her friend's secret, but the poor pleasure of following her faithless
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 39

lover to the wood; for she well knew that Demetrius would go there
after Hermia.

Charles and Mary Lamb,

Tales from Shakespeare
(Simplified).
40 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(3)
THE DOLL'S HOUSE

KATHERINE MANSFIELD

When dear old Mrs. Hay went back to London after staying with
the Burnells, she sent the children a doll's house. It was so big that
the carter and Pat had to carry it into the courtyard and there is
stayed on two wooden boxes. No harm could come to it; it was
summer. And perhaps the smell of paint would have gone off by the
time it had to be taken in. For, really, the smell of paint coming from
that doll's house (“Sweet of old Mrs. Hay, of course; most sweet and
generous !”) — but the smell of paint was quite enough to make
anyone seriously ill, in Aunt Beryl's opinion.

There stood the doll's house, a dark, oily green, with some bits
of bright yellow. Its two solid little chimneys, fixed to the roof, were
painted red and white, and the door was yellow. Four windows, real
windows, were divided into different parts by a broad line of green.
There was a small entrance, too, painted yellow.

The perfect, perfect, little house ! Who could possibly object to

the smell ? It was part of the joy, part of the newess.

“Open it quickly, someone !”

The hook at the side was stuck fast. Pat opened it with his knife
and the whole house front swung back, and — there, you could see
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 41

at one and the same moment the sitting-room and dining-room, the
kitchen and two bedrooms. That is the way for a house to open !
Why don't all houses open like that ? How much more exciting
than looking through a half—open door into a poor little hall with a
hatstand ! That is — isn't it — what you want to know about a
house when you come to the door. Perhaps it is the way God opens
houses in the middle of the night.

“O — oh !” The Burnell children sounded as though they were

in despair. It was too wonderful; it was too much for them. They
had never seen anything like it in their lives. All the walls of the
rooms were covered with wall—paper. There were pictures on the
walls, painted on the paper, with gold frames complete. Red carpet
covered all the floors except the kitchen; red chairs in the
sitting-room, green in the dining-room; tables, beds with real
bedcloths, furniture, little plates. But what Kezia liked more than
anything, what she liked very much indeed, was the lamp. It stood
in the middle of the dining-room table, a beautiful little yellow lamp
with a white glass on it. It was even filled all ready for lighting,
though, of course, you couldn't light it. But there was something
inside that looked like oil and moved when you shook it.

The farther and mother dolls, who lay very stiff as though they
had fainted in the sitting-room, and their two little children asleep
upstairs, were really too big for the doll's house. They didn't look as
though they belonged to it. But the lamp was perfect. It seemed to
42 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

smile at Kezia, to say, “I live here.” The lamp was real.

The Burnell children could hardly walk to school fast enough the
next morning. They wanted to tell everybody, to describe, to —

well — to boast about their doll's house before the school-bell rang.

“I must tell,” said Isabel. “because I'm the eldest. And you two
can join in after. But I must tell first.”

Katherine Mansfield,
The Doll's House
(Simplified).
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 43

(4)
LORD MOUNTDRAGO

W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM

DOCTIR AUDLIN looked at the clock on his desk. It was

twenty minutes to six. He was surprised that Lord Mountdrago was
late, for he was proud of his punctuality. He was in the habit of
saying that punctuality is polite to the clever, and a sign of blame to
the stupid. Lord Mountdrago's appointment was for half past five.

There was in Dr. Audlin's appearance nothing to attract

attention. He was tall and thin, with narrow shoulders; he was a little
bent; his hair was grey and thin; his long pale face deeply lined. He
was not more than fifty, but he looked older. His eyes, pale blue and
rather large, were tired. When you had been with him for a time, you
noticed that they moved very little; they remained fixed on your
face, but they were so empty of expression that they gave you no
discomfort. They seldom lit up. They gave no idea of his thoughts,
nor changed with the words he spoke. His hands were rather large,
with long fingers; they were soft, but firm, cool but not damp. You
could never have said what Dr. Audlin wore unless you specially
looked. His clothes were dark. His tie was black. His dress made his
pale, lined face paler. He looked a sick man.

Dr. Audlin was a psycho-analyst. He had entered the profession

44 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

by accident and practised it with many doubts. When the war started
he had not been long qualified and was getting experience at
different hospitals; he offered his services, and after a time was sent
out to France. It was then that he discovered his peculiar qualities.
He could stop certain pains by the touch of his cool, firm hands, and
by talking to men who were suffering from sleeplessness, he could
often cause them to sleep. He spoke slowly. His voice had no
particular quality, and its sound did not change with the words he
used, but it was musical and soft. He told the men that they must
rest, that they mustn't worry, that they must sleep; and rest crept into
their tired bones, calmness pushed their anxieties away, like a man
finding a place for himself on a crowded seat, and sleep fell on their
tired eyelids like the light rain of spring upon the earth. Dr. Audlin
found that by speaking to men in his low voice, by looking at them
with his pale, quiet eyes, by touching their tired heads with his long
firm hands, he could calm their troubles. Sometimes he performed
cures that seemed too wonderful to be natural. He brought back
speech to a man who was unable to speak after being buried under
the earth in an explosion; and he gave back the use of his limbs to a
man who could not move after his aeroplane was shot down. He
could not understand his powers; they say that in circumstances of
this kind the first thing is to believe in yourself, but he never quite
succeeded in doing that; but the results of his work were clear to
everyone, and they made him admit that he had some strange quality
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 45

that allowed him to do things for which he could give no

explanation.

Somerset Maugham,
Lord Mountdrago
(Simplified).
46 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(5)
TOM SAWYER

MARK TWAIN

As he was passing the house where Jeff Thatcher lived, he saw a

new girl in the garden. She was a lovely little blue-eyed girl with
long tails of yellow hair. At once a girl called Amy Lawrence
disappeared completely out of Tom's heart.

He worshipped this new girl till he saw that she had discovered
him. Then he pretended that he did not know she was present, and
began to act in all storts of silly boyish ways in order to win her
admiration. While he was in the middle of some dangerous tricks, he
glanced aside and saw that the little girl was going towards the
house. Tom came up to the fence and leaned on it, hoping that she
would wait a little longer. Tom sighed as she put her foot on the
doorstep, but his face lit up at once, for she threw a rose over the
fence just before she disappeared. The boy ran round, picked up his
treasure, and buttoned it inside his coat next to his heart, or next to
his stomach possibly, for he was not quite sure where the one began
and the other ended.

All through supper he was so gay that his aunt wondered why.
She scolded him for throwing lumps of earth at Sid, but he did not
seem to mind in the least. He tried to steel sugar under his aunt's
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 47

nose, and got a tap on his fingers with a spoon.

“Aunt, you don't hit Sid when he takes sugar,” he said.

“Well, Sid doesn't worry me as you do. You would be always

stealing sugar if I didn't watch you.”

Sid smiled in a self—satisfied away, and when the old lady went
into the kitchen he reached for the sugar—basin. But his finger
slipped, and the basin dropped and broke. Now it was Tom's turn to
smile, but he controlled his tongue and kept silent. He said to
himself that he would not say a word, even when his aunt came in,
but would sit perfectly still till she asked who had broken the basin.
Then he would tell, and it would be delightful to see that model boy
get a good beating. He was so wild with joy that he could hardly
keep still when the old lady came back and stood above the broken
pieces, looking angrily over her glasses. He said to himself, “Now
she's going to hit Sid.” And the next instant he was flat on the floor !
He hand was uplifted to strike again, when Tom cried out :

“Hi ! Why are you hitting me ? Sid broke it !”.

Aunt Polly paused, puzzled, and Tom looked at her for healing
pity. But when she had recovered from her surprise she only said :

“H'm ! Well, I'm sure you deserved it. No doubt you were in
some mischief while I was in the kitchen.”

Then her conscience troubled her, and she wanted to say

something kind and loving; but she judged that this would be taken
48 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

as a confession that she had been in the wrong, and discipline

forbade that. So she kept silent, and went about her housework with
a troubled heart. Tom sat gloomily in a corner and nursed his
sorrows. He knew, through tearful eyes, that she glanced tenderly at
him now and again, asking for forgiveness; but he refused to take
any notice. He imagined himself lying on his deathbed and his aunt
bending over him, begging for one little forgiving word, but he
would turn his face to the wall and die without saying that word. Ah,
how would she feel then ? And he imagined himself brought home
from the river, dead, with his curls all wet, and his poor hands still
for ever, and his broken heart at rest. She would throw herself upon
him, and her tears would fall like rain. She would pray God to give
her back her boy, and promise she would never, never ill—treat him
any more. But he would lie there, cold and pale, and make no sign,
poor little sufferer. He was so affected by these thoughts that he had
to keep on swallowing. His eyes swam in tears, which overflowed
and ran down from the end of his nose.

He was enjoying his sorrow so much that any cheerfulness was

unwelcome. When his cousin Mary danced in, delighted to be home
again after a week's visit to the country, he got up and moved in
clouds and darkness out at one door as she brought song and
sunshine in at the other. His unhappy heart desired to be alone, and
so he wandered far away from the places where boys usually met. A
long raft on the rever invited him.

Mark Twain, Tom Sawyer (Simplified).

An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 49

(6)
THE MAN WHO
COULD WORK MIRACLES

H.G. WELLS

He increased his personal property by making new things for

himself, but he could see that he must be careful. People might
wonder how he got them.

After supper he went out along a lane to try a few miracles in

private by the gas-works.

There was perhaps a lack of originality in his attempts,

because, apart from his will-power Mr. Fotheringay was not a very
unusual man. He stuck his walking-stick into the ground and
commanded the dry wood to grow flowers. The air was
immediately full of the scent of roses, and by means of a match he
saw that this beautiful miracle was indeed performed. His
satisfaction was ended by advancing footsteps. He was afraid that
someone would discover his powers, and he said to the stick
hastily, “Go back.” What he meant was “Change back”; but of
course he was confused. The stick went backwards at a high
speed, and there came a cry of anger and a word from the
advancing person. “Who are you throwing rose-bushes at, you fool
?” cried a voice.
50 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

“I'm sorry,” said Mr. Fotheringay. He saw Winch, one of the

three policemen, advancing.

“What do you mean by it ?” asked the policemen. “Hullo ! It's

you, is it ? The man who broke the lamp at the Long Dragon !”.

“I don't mean anything by it,” said Mr. Fotheringay. “Nothing at

all.”

“Why did you do it, then ? Do you know that stick hurt ? Why
did you do it ?” For the moment Fotheringay could not think why he
had done it. His silence seemed to anger Mr. Winch. “You've been
attacking the police, young man, this time. That's what you've
done.”

“Listen, Mr. Winch,” said Mr. Fotheringay, angry and confused.

“I'm very sorry. The fact is —”.

“Well ?”

He could think of no answer but the truth. “I was working a

miracle.” He tried to speak in a careless way, but he couldn't.

“Working a — ! Listen ! Don't talk nonsense. Working a

miracle, indeed ! Miracle ! Well, that's really funny ! You're the
man who doesn't believe in miracles ... The fact is, this is another of
your foolish tricks. Now I tell you —”.

But Mr. Fotheringay never heard what Mr. Winch was going to
tell him. He realized that he had given his valuable secret to all the
world. He became violently angry. He turned on the policeman
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 51

quickly and fiercely. “Listen,” he said. “I've had enough of this. I'll
show you a foolish trick. Go to Hades ! Go now !”.

He was alone.

Mr. Fotheringay performed no more miracles that night, nor did

he trouble to see what had happened to his flowering stick. He
returned to the town, afraid and very quiet, and went to his
bed-room. “Good heavens !” he said, “It's a powerfull gift — an
extremely powerful gift. I didn't mean as much as that. Not really ...
I wonder what Hades is like.”

He sat on the bed taking off his shoes. He had a happy thought
and moved the policeman to San Francisco, and went to bed. In the
night he dreamt of the anger of Winch.

The next day Fotheringay heard two interesting pieces of news.

Someone had planted a most beautiful climbing rose near Mr.
Gomshott's private house, and everyone was looking for policeman
Winch.

H.G. Wells,
The Man who Could Work Miracles
(Simplified).
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 53

PART II
54 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 55

Part II

Objectives :
By the end of this part, students should be able to :
1- Deal with original texts ( with easy vocabulary ) .
2- Develop an interpretation although the vocabulary
is less controlled and the style is more idiomatic
than in Part One .
3- Recognize the stylistic features of the text ( e.g.
using balanced sentences ) and sometimes
undertake the essential transformations in the
translation .
4- Reduce the complexity of English syntax when
translated into Arabic.
56 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 57

(7)
WOMEN FOR SALE
JOSEPH MANGUT

Many people say that travelling is one of their hobbies.

Danjuma, however, thought how odd it would be if anyone
travelling in that third class carriage still maintained that travelling
was a pleasure.

The carriage was packed full of people of all kinds; tall, short,
thin, fat, healthy and unhealthy people, all fighting to find a spot
where their two feet, or even one foot, could find a steady spot.
There was no question of finding a seat. The taller people had a
distinct advantage. They could stretch out their arms and grip of the
luggage rack attached to the roof of the coach. This gave them
enough stability to be able to push the rest of the people back.

Danjuma was lucky enough to find a corner which had already

been appropriated by a large, elderly woman who had a number of
petty trading items piled around her, giving her and Danjuma some
protection against the crushing weight of the other passengers. This
was the first time Danjuma had travelled on a train. He was
surprised to find how stuffy and unhealthy it was. The depressing
effect of the crush at least helped to take his mind off his plight as he
wondered if he would ever survive the journey.
Joseph Mangut,
Women for Sale
58 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(8)
COMING OF THE DRY SEASON

CHARLES MANGOSHI

OLD MUSONI RAISED his dusty eyes from his hoe and the
unchanging stony earth he had been tilling and peered into the sky.
The white speck whose sound disturbed his work and thoughts was
far out at the edge of the yellow sky, near the horizon. Then it
disappeared quickly over the southern rim of the sky and he shook
his head. He looked to the west. Soon the sun would go down. He
looked over the sunblasted land and saw the shadows creeping east,
blearer and taller with every moment that the sun shed each its rays.
Unconsciously wishing for rain and relief, he bent down again to
his work and did not see his son, Nhamo, approaching.

Nhamo crouched in the dust near his father and greeted him.
The old man half raised his back, leaning against his hoe, and said
what had been bothering him all day long.

‘You haven't changed your mind ?’

‘No, father’.

There was a moment of silene. Old Musoni scraped earth off

his hoe.

‘Have you thought about this, son ?’

An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 59

‘For weeks, father.’

‘And you think that's the only way ?’.

‘There is no other way.’

The old man felt himself getting angry again. But this would be
the last day he would talk to his son. If his son was going away, he
must not be angry. It would be equal to a curse.

Charles Mangoshi,
Coming of the Dry Season.
60 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(9)
MWIPENZA THE KILLER

MARTHA MIRINGI

In a certain village there lived a very bad man called Mwipenza

who struck fear into the hearts of all who passed through his village
with his acts of torture and murder. He was a truly loathsome
creature and was hated by all the other villagers who lived in
constant fear of him.

Mwipenza used to sit on a stone by the highway holding some

long sharpened sticks and a hammer in his hand; his sharp panga
would be lying at his feet. Beside him he kept a pot of pombe and a
bowl of food which his wife would bring to him. Whenever a long
traveller came along Mwipenza would pounce and torture him with
his stick, he would then nail his victim to the ground with one of his
sharpened poles, hammering one end of the pole through the victim's
head while the other was driven in between the victim's legs. In this
way many unwary travellers died a violent and painful death. Had
any of the victims agreed to become Mwipenza's assistant they
would have been spared this ordeal but all chose to die rather than
join in with the killer.

Martha Miringi,
Mwipenza the Killer.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 61

(10)
ANIMAL FARM

GEORGE ORWELL

‘Muriel,’ she said, ‘read me the Fourth Commandment. Does it

not say something about never sleeping in a bed ?’

With some difficulty Muriel spelt it out.

It says, “No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets”, she

announed finally.

Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth

Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it
must have done so. And Squealer, who happened to be passing at
this moment, attended by two or three dogs, was able to put the
whole matter in its proper perspective.

‘You have heard then, comrades,’ he said, ‘that we pigs now

sleep in the beds of the farmhouse ? And why not ? You did not
suppose, surely, that there was ever a ruling against beds ? A bed
merely means a place to sleep in. A pile of straw in stall is a bed,
properly regarded. The rule was against sheets, which are a human
invention. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds,
and sleep between blankets. And very comfortable beds they are
too! But not more comfortable than we need, I can tell you,
comrades, with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays, you
62 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

would not rob us of our repose, would you, comrades ? You would
not have us too tired to carry out our duties ? Surely none of you
wishes to see Jones back ?’

The animals reassured him on this point immediately, and no

more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. And
when, some days afterwards, it was announced that from now on
the pigs would get up an hour later in the mornings than the other
animals, no complaint was made about that either.

By the autumn the animals were tired but happy. They had had
a hard year, and after the sale of part of the hay and corn, the stores
of food for the winter were none too plentiful, but the windmill
compensated for everything. It was almost half built now. After the
harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather, and the animals
toiled harder than ever, thinking it well worth while to plod to and
fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the
walls another foot. Boxer would even come out at nights and work
for an hour or two on his own by the light of the harvest moon. In
their spare moments the animals would walk round and round the
half—finished mill, admiring the strength and perpendicularity of
its walls and marvelling that they should ever have been able to
build anything so imposing. Only old Benjamin refused to grow
enthusiastic about the windmill, though, as usual, he would utter
nothing beyond the cryptic remark that donkeys live a long time.

November came, with raging south-west winds. Building had

An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 63

to stop because it was now too wet to mix the cement. Finally there
came a night when the gale was so violent that the farm buildings
rocked on their foundations and serveral tiles were blown off the
roof of the barn. The hens woke up squawking with terror because
they had all dreamed simultaneously of hearing a gun off in the
distance.

George Orwell
Animal Farm.
64 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(11)
THREE DREAMS IN A DESERT

OLIVE SCHREINER

As I travelled across an African plain the sun shone down hotly.

Then I drew my horse up under a mimosa- tree, and I took the
saddle from him and left him to feed among the parched bushes.
And all to right and to left stretched the brown earth. And I sat down
under the tree, because the heat beat fiercely, and all along the
horizon the air throbbed. And after a while a heavy drowsiness came
over me, and laid my head down against my saddle, and I fell asleep
there. And, in my sleep, I had a curious dream.

I thought I stood on the border of a great desert, and the sand

blew about everywhere. And I thought I saw two great figures like
beasts of burden of the desert, and one lay upon the sand with its
neck stretched out, and one stood by it. And I looked curiously at the
one that lay upon the ground, for it had a great burden on its back,
and the sand was thick about it, so that it seemed to have piled over
it for centuries.

Olive Schreiner,
Three Dreams in a Desert.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 65

(12)
A MOMENT IN TIME

H.E. BATES

‘Good evening, gentlemen. I profoundly beg your respective

pardons.’

‘Not granted ! Go away !’

‘May I be introduced ?’ he said and with the most unflickering

and penetrative eyes I had ever seen looked straight through me.

‘This, unfortunately,’ Bill said, ‘is the Count Dimitriov Mikhail

Sergei Zaluski. Miss Elizabeth Cartwright — the Count’.

He now gave me the most enchanting of smiles, bowed, and

kissed my hand.

‘Flannel !’ they all said. ‘Flannel !’

‘I am most honoured, delighted and charmed to meet you, Miss

Cartwright.’

‘Flannel ! Flannel !’

‘You do not look typically English, Miss Cartwright, if I may

say so.’

‘Why ? I am very English.’

‘You look more as if you might come from my country.’

66 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

‘And where is that ?’

‘Poland.’

‘No : I am very English,’ I said.

‘Which is better. Much, much better.’

A great insincere and collective sight went up from the other

three officers. It was a very beautiful performance, they would have
him know. A very beautiful performance.

‘I am very glad to know I am appreciated.’

‘Flannel ! Flannel !’

‘And if I may say so,’ the Count said, ‘beauty is not always in
performances’ and looked straight down at my partly bare bosom,
so that I felt I had no dress on at all.

So we bantered our way through the first part of the evening. I

am not sure now how many glasses of punch I drank or how many
more officers I met but as the spring darkness came on I began to
feel that innocuous green mixture roving its way inside me in
twisting, simmering spirals. I began to feel very gay and from time
to time, across the crowded room, I caught glimpses of my
grandmother, very gay too, holding court with other officers. The
laughter she aroused seemed to be even louder than the laughter I
aroused. There was, in fact, great laughter everywhere. We might
have been celebrating the end and not the beginning of war.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 67

As the late dusk came down the party was buzzing like an
overturnedbee-hive. An occasional glass crashed to the floor. I lost
all count of time. At irregular intervals the moustaches of Bill
Ogilvy mysteriously disappeared and were just as mysteriously
replaced by other moustaches. Once Bill returned and with a rush of
overpowering sentimentality kissed me full on the lips and declared
himself for ever to be true and promptly left me for the little
two-engined job, blonde as oat-straw, in a tight black dress, sitting
on a bar stool. This prompted two other officers I didn't know at all
to kiss me too, but merely in passing, on the forehead. In turn this
prompted the Count to run a light exploratory hand down my right
thigh and ask if I wouldn't do him the great honour of having dinner
with him the following night ? I thanked him and said I had six
invitations already and that I would try to sort out my diary the
following morning, though in fact at that time I didn't keep one.

‘I have never seen anything more beautiful,’ he said and pinched

the softer parts of my thigh and pressed his face against my ear.
‘Never, never more beautiful’.

It must have been eleven o'clock or more when I realized that

Bill and Matters were no longer with us and that there was a sudden
wild shouting and cheering from outside the house, as from a game
of football.

‘Going to be fun and games,’ Splodge said and grabbed me

68 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

away from the aggrieved Count and bore me outside and along the
terrace, where a crowd of twenty or more officers had gathered,
some of them standing on the stone balustrade and all of them
looking up at the front façade of the house.

H.E. Bates
A Moment in Time.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 69

(13)
THE STORY OF A PANIC

E.M. FORSTER

Eustace's career — if career it can be called — certainly dates

from that afternoon in the chestnut woods above Ravello. I confess
at once that I am a plain, simple man, with no pretensions to literary
style. Still, I do flatter myself that I can tell a story without
exaggerating, and I have therefore decided to give an unbiassed
account of the extraordinary events of eight years ago.

Ravello is a delightful place with a delightful little hotel in

which we met some charming people. There were the two Miss
Robinsons, who had been there for six weeks with Eustace, their
nephew, then a boy of about fourteen. Mr. Sandbach had also been
there some time. He had held a curacy in the north of England,
which he had been compelled to resign on acount of ill—health, and
while he was recruiting at Ravello he had taken in hand Eustace's
education — which was then sadly deficient — and was
endeavouring to fit him for one of our great public schools. Then
there was Mr. Leyland, a would—be artist, and, finally, there was
the nice landlady, Signora Scafetti, and the nice English—speaking
waiter, Emmanuele— though at the time of which I am speaking
Emmanuele was away, visiting a sick father.
70 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

To this little circle, I, my wife, and my two daughters made, I

venture to think, a not unwelcome addition. But though I liked most
of the company well enough, there were two of them to whom I did
not take at all. They were the artist, Leyland, and the Miss
Robinsons’ nephew, Eustace.

Leyland was simply conceited and odious, and, as those

qualities will be amply illustrated in my narrative, I need not enlarge
upon them here. But Eustace was something besides : he was
indescribably repellent.

E.M. Forster,
Collected Short stories.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 71

(14)
STEPPENWOLF
HERMANN HESSE

This Book contains the records left us by a man whom,

according to the expression he often used himself, we called the
Steppenworlf. Whether this manuscript needs any introductory
remarks may be open to question. I, however, feel the need of
adding a few pages to those of the Steppenwolf in which I try to
record my recollections of him. What I know of him is little enough.
Indeed, of his past life and origins I know nothing at all. Yet the
impression left by his personality has remained, in spite of all, a
deep and sympathetic one.

Some years ago the Steppenwolf, who was then approaching

fifty, called on my aunt to inquire for a furnished room. He took the
attic room on the top floor and the bedroom next it, returned a day or
two later with two trunks and a big case of books and stayed nine or
ten months with us. He lived by himself very quietly.

Hermann Hesse
Steppenwolf
72 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(15)
THE PRIME OF
MISS JEAN BRODIE

MURIEL SPARK

This year I think you should all start answering in complete

sentenes, I must try to remember this rule. Your correct answer is
“to talk nasally means to talk through one's nose”. The American
said, “It looks like a mighty fine quarry”. Ah, it was there the
gladiators fought. “Hail Caesar !” they cried. “These about to die
salute thee !”.

Miss Brodie stood in her brown dress like a gladiator with raised
arm and eyes flashing like a sword. ‘Hail Caesar !’ she cried again,
turning radiantly to the window light, as if Caesar sat there. ‘Who
opened the window?’ said Miss Brodie dropping her arm.

Nobody answered.

‘Whoever has opened the window has opened it too wide,’ said
Miss Brodie. ‘Six inches is perfectly adequate. More is vulgar. One
should have an innate sense of these things. We ought to be doing
history at the moment according to the time-table. Get out your
history books and prop them up in your hands. I shall tell you a little
more about Italy. I met a young poet by a fountain. Here is a picture
of Dante meeting Beatrice — it is pronounced Beatrichay in Italian
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 73

which makes the name very beautiful — on the Ponte Vecchio. He

fell in love with her at that moment. Mary, sit up and don't slouch. It
was a sublime moment in a sublime love. By whom was the picture
painted ?’

Nobody knew.

‘It was painted by Rossetti. Who was Rossetti, Jenny ?’

‘A painter,’ said Jenny.

Miss Brodie looked suspicious.
‘And a genius,’ said Sandy, to come to Jenny's rescue.
‘A friend of — ?’ said Miss Brodie.
‘Swinburne,’ said a girl.

Miss Brodie smiled ‘You have not forgotten,’ she said, looking
round the class. ‘Holidays or no holidays. Keep your history books
propped up in case we have any further intruders.’ She looked
disapprovingly towards the door and lifted her fine dark Roman
head with dignity. She had often told the girls that her dead Hugh
had admired her head for its Roman appearance.

‘Next year,’ she said, ‘You will have the specialists to teach you
history and mathematics and languages, a teacher for this and a
teacher for that, a period of forty-five minutes for this and another
for that. But in this your last year with me you will receive the fruits
of my prime. They will remain with you all your days. First,
however, I must mark the register for today before we forget. There
are two new girls. Stand up the two new girls.’
74 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

They stood up with wide eyes while Miss Brodie sat down at
her desk.

‘You will get used to our ways. What religions are you ?’ said
Miss Brodie with her pen poised on the page while, outside in the
sky, the gulls from the Firth of Forth wheeled over the school and
the green and golden tree-tops swayed towards the windows.

‘Come autumn see pensive, in yellow and grey.’

And soothe me wi’, tidings o' nature's decay.

‘— Robert Burns,’ said Miss Brodie when she had closed the
register. ‘We are now well into the nineteen — thirties. I have four
pounds of rosy apples in my desk, a gift from Mr Lowther's orchard,
let us eat them now while the coast is clear — not but what the
apples do not come under my own jurisdiction, but discretion is ...
discretion is ... Sandy ?’

‘The better part of valour, Miss Brodie.’ Her little eyes looked at
Miss Brodie in a slightly smaller way.

Muriel Spark,
The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 75

(16)
GEORGE ORWELL

GEORGE ORWELL'S reputation as a writer rests largely on his

novels, but his gifts are not those of a novelist, and, if the novel had
not happened to be the prevailing literary from during the twenty
years when he was writing, he would probably never have been
attracted to it. Orwell had little imagination, little understanding of
human relationships; his sympathy was with humanity in general
rather than with individual human beings. His gifts were an inspired
common sense and a power of steady thought; a wary refusal to be
taken in by attitudes and catch-wards; the courage of the lonely man
who is not afraid of being lonely and has learned in his loneliness, to
regard himself with some detachment. These, however, would have
made Orwell no more than an unusual citizen in the tradition of
English individuality, a tradition which, happily, still survives
despite the pressure exerted by both the main political parties — a
pressure toward convention and conformity from the Right and
pressure toward leveling and uniformity from the Left. Orwell's
distinction is that these gifts in his case were supported by a talent
for writing nervous, flexible, and lucid prose : so deeply indeed was
writing a part of Orwell's nature that qualities are manifest in his
work which did not reveal themselves in his life.

Tom Hopkinson
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 77

PART III
78 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 79

Part III

Objectives :
By the end of this part, students should be able to:
1- Interpret / Translate the language of the press -
British and American, showing adequate
knowledge of :
- the terminology needed to report and follow current
events.
- the syntactic features, typical of media reports
( e . g . headlines ) .
2- Distinguish the following styles :
- the ' reporting ' style .
- the ' opinion ' style .
- the ' relaxed ' style .
80 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 81

(17)
SECURITY CALLED
Lax at Manila Airport

THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

WASHINGTON — Airlines flying in and out of the Philippines

are being advised to take special precautions handling bags and
screening passengers because of lax security at Manila International
Airport.

The U.S. transportation secretary, Elizabeth H. Dole, announced

Tuesday that Manila “does not maintain effective security measures”
and that Philippine officials have been asked to make improvements.

She was not specific on what security problems prompted the

action except to cite concern by the Federal Aviation Administration
about unauthorized access to supposedly secured areas.

As a response to the hijacking of a Trans World Airlines jet in

Athens last year, Congress required the U.S. Government to make
public any finding of lax security at a foreign airport if the
deficiencies are not corrected within 90 days.

There have been no recent terrorist incidents at the Manila

airport, although Philippines has been in political turmoil. The
airport handles more than 2.4 million travelers a year. It is served by
Continental Airlines, United Airlines and Northwest Airlines as well
82 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

as the cargo carrier Flying Tiger Airline and numerous others.

Mrs. Dole said in a statement that FAA inspectors first raised

questions about the Manila airport's security in May and again in a
second visit last month.

Although some improvements were found during the last

inspection, she said, “there were several requirements, such as
control of access to secure areas, in which they did not meet
standards.”

Industry sources said the airport came under particular scrutiny

after reports of gun smuggling.

Vocabulary :

lax (adj) ‫ متهاون‬- ‫متراخ‬

precautions ‫ إجراءات وقائية‬- ‫احتياطات‬
screen (v.) ‫ يتفقد‬- ‫يفحص‬
effective ‫فعال‬
maintain ‫يعمل على تطبيق كذا‬
prompt ‫ يتسبب فى كذا‬- ‫يدعو إلى كذا‬
action ‫إجراء‬
concern ‫قلق‬
Federal Aviation Administration ‫الهيئة الفيدرالية للمالحة اجلوية‬
unauthorized access ‫الوصول أو االقتراب دون تصريح‬
‫منـاطـق محظـور االقتـراب منهـا ألسبـاب‬
secured areas ‫أمنية‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 83

hijack ‫يختطف‬
to make public ‫ يكشف عن‬- ‫يعلن‬
deficiencies ‫ أوجه القصور‬/ ‫مجاالت‬
terrorist incidents ‫حوادث إرهابية‬
political turmoils ‫قالقل سياسية‬
handle ‫يتعامل مع‬
cargo carrier ‫شركة شحن جوى‬
inspector ‫مفتش‬
to raise questions ‫يثير تساؤالت‬
inspection ‫تفتيش‬
requirements ‫متطلبات‬
to meet standards ‫يلبى املعايير‬
‫مصادر فى مجال أمن املطارات والطيران‬
Industry sources ) ‫( فى هذا السياق‬
reports ‫ تقارير‬- ‫أنباء‬
gun smuggling ‫تهريب األسلحة‬
84 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(18)
A USEFUL BEGINNING

The summit meeting of Morocco's King Hassan II and Shimon

Peres of Israel was being written off in many quarters, including
some in Israel, even before it ended. The hard-pressed king is only
trying to earn points in Washington, it was said; lame duck Peres is
looking for a diplomatic splash to extend his lease on the prime
minister's office. It was observed that the king asked his guest to
endorse the two broad Arab demands — that Israel deal with the
Palestine Liberation Organization and withdraw from occupied lands
— and Mr. Peres said no. “Since you refuse those two fundamental
priorities,” the king said, “Let's stop and say goodbye.”

But did anyone expect “fundamental” change in two days ? Or

expect either man to act against his political interests ? The meeting
would have been useful enough just to show that, nearly a decade
after Anwar Sadat's trip to jerusalem, a second Arab leader has the
courage and maturity to accept direct and acknowledged meetings
with Israel. Only by this method can progress come, and not only for
Israelis. They have a surpassing interest in demonstrating that, when
a channel is opened, Arabs at the other end are rewarded for their
pains.

A minuet took place over the king's effort to provide himself

with political cover by drawing about him an Arab League mandate.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 85

In receiving Mr. Peres at the front door, he clearly was conducting

the national policy of a sovereign state, one whose special situation
has drawn it toward civility with Israel even though a formal state of
belligerency still holds. But the king also has the status of being
chairman of the last Arab summit meeting, at Fez in 1982, and so he
was in a position to carry to Mr. Peres the Arab peace proposal
adopted at that time. From an official Israeli perspective, the Fez
plan has more minuses than pluses; no negotiations are known to
have taken place on it after 1982. But as part of the bargaining
before and at his meeting in Morocco, Mr. Peres agreed, in a coveted
joint statement, to have his talks with the king described as “devoted
essentially” to a study of Fez.

Arab—Israeli peace—making has been at a low ebb — too low

for either side to ignore even modest possibilities now. The peace
between Jerusalem and Cairo is “The bargaining connection that
King Hussein of Jordan tried to make with the PLO chairman,
Yasser Arafat, never got made. Syria, which this week broke
relations with Morocco, remains set in hard—line concrete. The
United States seems to have retreated to the diplomatic sidelines in
the area, disappointing those Arabs and others who regard
Washington as the necessary catalyst but leaving others saying that
Arabs and Israelis must make peace for themselves. This is the
uncertain but intriguing context in which the Morocco meeting falls.

The Washington Post

‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫‪Vocabulary :‬‬
‫‪summit meeting‬‬ ‫اجتماع قمة‬
‫‪to write off‬‬ ‫يستهني بكذا ‪ -‬يقلل من شأنه‬
‫‪quarters‬‬ ‫جهات‬
‫‪hard-pressed‬‬ ‫مثقل بالهموم واألعباء ‪ -‬واقع حتت وطأة مشاكل جمة‬
‫‪to earn points‬‬ ‫يكسب نقاطاً ‪ ،‬يزيد من رصيده‬
‫‪diplomatic splash‬‬ ‫ضجـة دبلـومــاسيـة ‪ -‬كــسب دبلـومـاسـى ‪ -‬فـرقعـة‬
‫دبلوماسية‬
‫‪endorse‬‬ ‫يدعم ‪ -‬يؤيد‬
‫‪broad demand‬‬ ‫مطلب عام‬
‫‪fundamental priority‬‬ ‫أولوية جوهرية ‪ /‬رئيسية‬
‫‪political interests‬‬ ‫مصالح سياسية‬
‫‪decade‬‬ ‫عقد من الزمن‬
‫‪surpassing interest‬‬ ‫اهتمام فائق‬
‫‪channel‬‬ ‫قناة‬
‫‪to be rewarded for one's pains‬‬ ‫يجنى ثمار تعبه‬
‫‪minuet‬‬ ‫استعراض رشيق ‪ -‬حركات مسرحية‬
‫‪political cover‬‬ ‫غطاء سياسى ‪ /‬حماية سياسية‬
‫‪to draw about‬‬ ‫يلوذ بكذا ‪ -‬يلتجئ إلى كذا ‪ -‬يوحى بكذا‬
‫‪Arab League‬‬ ‫جامعة الدول العربية‬
‫‪mandate‬‬ ‫والية ‪ -‬تكيف‬
‫‪sovereign state‬‬ ‫دولة ذات سيادة‬
‫‪civility‬‬ ‫اللباقة فى التعامل ‪ ،‬سلوك متحضر‬
‫‪a state of belligerency‬‬ ‫حالة عداء ‪ -‬حالة حرب‬
‫‪peace proposal‬‬ ‫مقترح بخصوص السالم‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬

‫‪minuses and pluses‬‬ ‫عيوب وميزات ‪ ،‬سلبيات وإيجابيات‬

‫‪bargaining‬‬ ‫مساومة‬
‫‪coveted statement‬‬ ‫تصريح مُنتظر بلهفة‬
‫‪at a low ebb‬‬ ‫فـى وضع سيئ ‪ -‬فـى وضع ال يحسـد عليه‬
‫‪ -‬فى أدنى حال‬
‫‪modest possibilities‬‬ ‫احتماالت متواضعة‬
‫‪to break relations‬‬ ‫يقطع العالقات‬
‫‪PLO‬‬ ‫‪(Palestine‬‬ ‫‪Liberation‬‬ ‫منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية‬
‫)‪Organization‬‬
‫‪set in hard-line concrete‬‬ ‫مستمسك مبوقف متصلب ‪ /‬متعنت‬
‫‪diplomatic sidelines‬‬ ‫األروقة الدبلوماسية اجلانبية‬
‫‪catalyst‬‬ ‫عامل مساعد ‪ -‬وسيط فاعل‬
‫‪intriguing‬‬ ‫يستحوذ على االهتمام ‪ -‬محير‬
88 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(19)
WAR IN SOUTHERN SUDAN
Heightens Food Crisis,
Hampers Relief Effort

By JONATHAN C. RANDAL
Washington Post Service

KHARTOUM, Sudan — The increasingly violent “hidden war”

in southern Sudan, now in its third year, has unleashed rival armies,
marauding militias and bandit gangs and displaced hundreds of
thousands of destitute and hungry civilians.

Waged across an inaccessible areas larger than France, Belgium,

Switzerland and Austria combined, the fighting is destroying crops
and livestock on an increasing scale.

Because this region has some of the world's most primitive

communications, diplomats and relief workers can only guess at the
true extent of the damage.

The food shortage in the south has become desperate.

International relief agencies organised an expensive airlift of grain,
but it was interrupted last week for bureaucratic reasons.

The rebels have warned that they would shoot down such flights,
maintaining that the food would benefit surrounded army garrisons
rather than starving civilians.
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 89

An appeal in early June from churches, United Nations agencies

and private relief groups for a truce to allow food deliveries was
unheeded, despite estimates that 1.2 million to 3 million lives may be
at risk without emergency grain shipments.

The presence of heavily armed bandits is precipitating what one

relief worker called “a slow spiral into chaos.” Some of the bandits
are remnants of the Ugandan Army defeated in a coup early this
year. Others are followers of the 1955-1972 southern separatist
revolt, calling themselves Anyanya 2.

The tribesmen from Southern Kordofan province just north of

the traditional border separating the Islamic north from the Christian
and animist south are armed by the government to act as a barrier
and carry the war to rebellious southerners.

The civil war began in late 1983, pitting the northern—

dominated government of President Gaafar Nimeiri against southern
guerrillas of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement, led by John
Garang, an American—educated career army colonel.

Mr. Garang has refused to lay down his arms even after General
Nimeiri was overthrown in April 1984 and succeeded first by a
transitional military regime and then, in May, by Prime Minister
Sadak el-Mahdi's democratically elected government.

In recent months, Mr. Garnag's forces have inflicted defeats on

government troops amid predictions of more to come during the
current rainy season.
90 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

In a humiliation for the government, Mr. Garang's guerrillas

captured Rumbek, a provincial capital, in March and held it for more
than a month. They tightened sieges on Juba, Wau, Torit, Kapoeta
and other key garrison towns where grain prices are through the
roof,” according to relief workers.

Only the Nile cities of Malakal and Juba are considered clearly
in government hands, according to relief workers.

In retaliation for rebel ambushes, army troops increasingly have

burned villages and towns suspected of favoring Mr. Garang,
especially among the Dinka tribe that accounts for 40 percent of the
south's population and provides the driving elements of his forces.

Western diplomats said that army soldiers in May burned almost

all the major town of Aweil in the center of a heavily populated
Dinka area in Bahr el Ghazal province.

Such violence has prompted an exodus. Hundreds of thousands

of southerners have fled as far north as Khartoum; others have
followed Ugandan refugees back into Uganda or flocked to Juba,
Wau and smaller centers in relatively calm Western Equatoria
province.

Despite his successes, Mr. Garang has yet to make good his
long—standing threat to carry the fight to the north and transform his
gains politically. So far, the war has been fought largely in the south.
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪91‬‬

‫‪Vocabulary :‬‬
‫‪relief efforts‬‬ ‫جهود اإلغاثة‬
‫‪to unleash‬‬ ‫يطلق كذا من عقاله‬
‫‪marauding militias‬‬ ‫ميليشيات تعيث فى األرض فساداً‬
‫‪bandit gangs‬‬ ‫عصابات قطاع الطرق‬
‫‪to displace‬‬ ‫يُشرِّد‬
‫‪distitute‬‬ ‫مُعدَم‬
‫‪to wage fighting‬‬ ‫يشن حرباً ‪ /‬قتاالً‬
‫‪livestock‬‬ ‫املاشية واحليوانات احلية‬
‫‪primitive‬‬ ‫بدائى‬
‫‪relief workers‬‬ ‫العاملون فى مجال اإلغاثة‬
‫‪damage‬‬ ‫دمار‬
‫‪food shortage‬‬ ‫نقص الغذاء‬
‫‪desperate‬‬ ‫حاد ( بدرجة ال تطاق )‬
‫‪airlift‬‬ ‫جسر جوى‬
‫‪grain‬‬ ‫حبوب‬
‫‪rebels‬‬ ‫متمردون‬
‫‪to shoot down‬‬ ‫يُسقِط‬
‫‪garrison‬‬ ‫حامية ( من اجلنود )‬
‫‪starving civilians‬‬ ‫مدينون يتضورون جوعاً‬
‫)‪appeal (n.‬‬ ‫مناشدة ( فى هذا السياق )‬
‫‪truce‬‬ ‫هدنة‬
‫‪food deliveries‬‬ ‫تسليم الشحنات الغذائية‬
‫‪unheeded‬‬ ‫ال يلقى باالً إلى كذا‬
‫‪precipitate‬‬ ‫يؤدى إلى ‪ ،‬يطلق العنان لكذا‬
‫‪spiral‬‬ ‫تفاقم‬
‫‪chaos‬‬ ‫فوضى‬
92 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

remnants ) ‫ فلول ( فى هذا السياق‬- ‫بقايا‬

coup ‫انقالب‬
separatist revolt ‫مترد انفصالى‬
tribesmen ‫ أبناء القبائل‬- ‫رجال القبائل‬
animist ‫وثنى‬
barrier ‫حاجز‬
rebellious southerners ‫اجلنوبيون املتمردون‬
civil war ‫حرب أهلية‬
to pit someone against another ‫يؤلب فالناً على فالن‬
guerrillas ‫عصابات‬
career army colonel ‫عقيـد فـى اجليـش ( ارتقـى فـى مـدارج الـرتب‬
) ‫العسكرية حتى وصل إلى عقيد‬
to lay down arms ‫يضع السالح‬
overthrow ‫يطيح بكذا‬
transitional ‫انتقالى‬
military regime ‫نظام عسكرى حاكم‬
to inflict defeat on ‫ينزل الهزمية بكذا‬
humiliation ‫إذالل‬
provincial ‫إقليمى‬
siege ‫حصار‬
through the roof ‫ باهظ‬، ً‫مرتفع جدا‬
retaliation ‫انتقام‬
ambush ‫كمني‬
exodus ‫هجرة جماعية‬
to flee ‫يفر‬
refugee ‫الجئ‬
province ) ‫مديرية ( فى السودان‬
long-standing ‫قدمي‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 93

(20)
ISRAEL AND EGYPT REACH
ACCORDS ON TRANSPORT

REUTERS

JERUSALEM — Israel and Egypt have completed four days of

talks on normalizing their relations with agreements on transport,
civil aviation and the location of seven new border crossings.

Israeli officials said that the agreements meant limited but

welcome progress had been made in the talks with an Egyptian team
in Jerusalem.

“You can't finish everything within four days. But we actually

started translating the idea of normalization into reality”, said
Shmuel Divon, the Israeli chief negotiator.

Further talks on normalization will take place when ministers

from the two countries meet in Cairo next week to resume talks on
Palestinian autonomy.
94 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

Vocabulary :
accords ‫اتفاقيات‬
normalize ‫يطبع‬
normalization ‫تطبيع‬
civil aviation ‫الطيران املدنى‬
border crossing ‫معبر حدودى‬
welcome progress ) ‫تقدم محمود ( موضع ترحاب‬
chief negotiator ‫كبير املفاوضني‬
resume ‫يستأنف‬
autonomy ‫احلكم الذاتى‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 95

(21)
FATHER AND CHILD
DEAD IN COTTAGE

A five-year-old girl was found stabbed close to the body of a

man believed to be her father yesterday by firemen called to a
burning cottage in the village of Denton, near Oxford. The death of
the child is being treated as murder while her father, a retired
research scientist, is believed to have committed suicide.

A murder inquiry was last night being headed by Detective

Superintendent Jen Bound, but police were not looking for anyone
else in connection with the incident.

According to neighbours the 18th-century converted farm

cottage, near Garsington Manor, is occupied by Richard Ensore, a
retired Harwell research scientist, his wife Rosemary and their
five-year-old daughter Rachel. Mrs. Ensore has three children from a
previous marriage.
96 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

Vocabulary :
cottage (n.) ‫ منزل‬/ ‫كوخ‬
stab (v.) ‫يطعن‬
murder (n.) ‫جرمية القتل العمد‬
retired (adj.) ‫متقاعد‬
commit ‫يرتكب‬
suicide ‫انتحار‬
inquiry ‫حتقيق‬
Detective superintendent (n.) ‫مفتش املباحث‬
manor ‫ضيعة‬
occupy ‫ يقطن‬- ‫يشغل‬
research assistant ‫باحث مساعد‬
converted ‫ محوّل إلى منزل عصرى‬- ‫مجدد‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 97

(22)
ANTI-FRAUD BILL

A Bill to protect employees who blow the whistle on serious

fraud and malpractice at work will be published today, adding to
pressure on the Government to act on the proposals in the Nolan
report to guarantee anonymity to whistleblowers. The Bill, with
all-party support, will be introduced by the Labour MP Anthony
Wright.

Vocabulary :
fraud (n.) ‫ احتيال‬- ‫نصب‬
to blow the whistle on ‫ يبلغ عن‬/ ‫ يشى بـ‬/ ‫يفشى السر‬
maplractice (n.) ‫ انحراف‬- ‫جتاوز‬
proposal (n.) ‫ مقترح‬/ ‫اقتراح‬
guarantee (v.) ‫يضمن‬
anonymity (v.) ‫سرية األسماء‬
bill (n.) ‫مشروع قانون‬
Labour (n.) ‫حزب العمل‬
MP (Member of Parliament) ‫ عضو فى البرملان‬- ‫نائب‬
pressure ‫ضغط‬
act on ... ‫يتخذ إجراء بشأن‬
support ‫ تأييد‬/ ‫ موافقة‬/ ‫دعم‬
anti-fraud ‫ مناهضة النصب‬/ ‫مكافحة االحتيال‬
98 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(23)
BBC DISCONTENT

BBC staff are losing confidence in their own ability to produce

high quality and distinctive public service programming that meets
the needs of the general public, according to the corporation's
second employee survey in two years, published in its in-house
magazine, Ariel. More than 10,000 staff took part in the survey.

Vocabulary :

BBC (n.) British Broadcasting Corporation ‫هيئة اإلذاعة البريطانية‬

staff (n.) ) ‫ العاملون ( فى هيئة ما‬/ ‫ املوظفون‬/ ‫املستخدمون‬
confidence (n.) ‫ثقة‬
quality (n.) ‫ نوعية‬/ ‫ نوع‬/ ‫جودة‬
distinctive (adj.) ‫متميز‬
programming (n.) ‫إعداد البرامج‬
public (n.) ‫اجلمهور‬
survey (n.) ‫ استطالع رأى‬/ ‫ مسح‬/ ‫إستقصاء‬
in-house magazine (n.) ‫مجلة للتوزيع الداخلى فقط‬
discontent (n.) ‫ عدم رضا‬- ‫استياء‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 99

(24)
SOUVENIR ALERT

A campaign against the import of holiday trinkets made from

endangered plants and animals was announced by the Government
yesterday amid concern that British tourists were unwittingly
pushing rare species to the brink of extinction. Last year Customs
officers seized more than 6,400 items made from internationally
listed species.

Vocabulary :
souvenir (n.) ‫ تذكار‬- ‫هدية‬
alert (n.) ‫ ناقوس اخلطر‬- ‫تنبيه‬
campaign (n.) ‫حملة‬
trinket (n.) ‫ طُرفة متواضعة القيمة‬- ‫حتفة‬
endangered (adj.) ‫ عرضة للخطر‬/ ‫ على وشك االنقراض‬/ ‫مهدد باالنقراض‬
concern (n.) ‫ انزعاج‬- ‫قلق‬
unwittingly (adv.) ً‫ عفوا‬- ‫دون قصد‬
rare (adj.) ‫نادر‬
species (n.) ‫نوع من الكائنات‬
brink (n.) ‫ طرف‬- ‫حافة‬
extinction (n.) ‫ تالشى‬- ‫انقراض‬
customs (n.) ‫جمارك‬
to seize (v.) ‫يضبط‬
internationally (adv.) ً‫دوليا‬
internationally listed ) ‫موجودة فى القوائم الدولية ( لهذه األنواع‬
) ‫( ومن ثم محرم صيدها‬
100 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(25)
LINE MANAGER

The Snowdon Mountain Railway, which hauls tourists to the

highest peak in Wales, is seeking a general manager.
Advertisements for the job make clear the successful applicant must
be able to cope with a harsh climate, be “in reasonably robust health
and prepared to work long and ungodly hours”. Applications close
on Saturday.

Vocabulary :
Line manager (n.) ‫مدير خط سكة حديدية‬
to haul (v.) ‫ يُقل‬/ ‫ ينقل‬/ ‫يرفع‬
peak (n.) ‫قمة‬
advertisement (n.) ‫إعالن‬
applicant (n.) ‫مُقدِّم الطلب‬
to cope with (v.) ‫ يتكيف مع‬/ ‫يستطيع حتمل‬
harsh (adj.) ‫قاس‬
climate (n.) ‫مناخ‬
robust (adj.) ‫ مفعم باحليوية‬/ ‫ نشط‬/ ‫ قوى‬/ ‫متني‬
ungodly (adj.) ‫ مرهق‬- ‫غير طبيعى‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 101

(26)
CLIMBER'S ORDEAL

Paul Fozzard, 36, of Lower Hopton, West Yorkshire, fell 200 ft

down a gully climbing Ben Loyal in Sutherland, northern Scotland,
and spent two days dragging himself five miles to his car with a
dislocated shoulder and broken collarbone. Overnight, as
temperatures fell to near zero, he huddled in trees and bushes for
warmth.

Vocabulary :
climber (n.) ‫ متسلق اجلبال‬/ ‫متسلق‬
ordeal (n.) ‫محنة‬
gully (n.) ‫ أخدود‬/ ‫خندق‬
to drag (v.) ّ‫ يجر‬/ ‫يسحب‬
dislocated (adj.) ‫مخلوع‬
collarbone (n.) ‫عظم الترقوة‬
to huddle (v.) ‫ ينكمش‬/ ‫يقبع‬
bush (n.) ‫شجيرة‬
warmth (n.) ‫دفء‬
overnight ‫طول الليل‬
temperature ‫درجة احلرارة‬
ft.: foot / feet ‫ أقدام‬/ ‫قدم‬
102 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(27)
JUROR FINED

A woman juror was fined £20 after being late four times for a
Carlisle Crown Court trial. Claire Grainger, 18, a catering student,
of Wigton, Cumbria, explained to Judge Bell that she had trouble
with her car on three occasions and could not find a parking space
on the fourth. He told her : “You relied too much on a car that was
unreliable.”

Vocabulary :

juror (n.) ‫ مُحلّف فى احملكمة‬/ ‫عضو هيئة احمللفني‬

to fine (v.) ‫يفرض غرامة على‬
trial (n.) ‫محاكمة‬
catering (n.) ‫تقدمي األغذية واملشروبات‬
parking space (n.) ‫مكان النتظار السيارات‬
to rely on (v.) ... ‫يعتمد على‬
unreliable (adj.) ‫ال يُعتمد عليه‬
£ : Pound Sterling ‫جنيه استرلينى‬
(£ : Libra : Pound)
Crown Court ‫ محكمة رسمية‬/ ‫محكمة ملكية‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 103

(28)
VETS FACE ACTION

At least five veterinary surgeons are facing disciplinary action

from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons after urging
colleagues to refuse to sign export certificates for farm animals. All
the vets attended a press conference last month organised by
Compassion in World Farming at which the appeal was launched.

Vocabulary :

vet (n.) ‫طبيب بيطرى‬

veterinary (adj.) ‫بيطرى‬
surgeon (n.) ‫جراح‬
to face action ‫ يواجه إجراءات قضائية‬/ ُ‫يُحاكم‬
disciplinary (adj.) ‫تأديبى‬
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons ‫الكلية امللكية للجراحني البيطريني‬
to urge (v.) ‫يحث‬
certificate (n.) ‫شهادة‬
to attend (v.) ‫يحضر‬
press conference (n.) ‫مؤمتر صحفى‬
Compassion in World Farming ‫اجلمعية الدولية للرفق بحيوانات املزارع‬
appeal (n.) ‫ مناشدة‬/ ‫دعوى قضائية‬
to launch (v.) ... ‫ يشرع فى‬- ‫يقيم دعوى‬
export ‫ تصدير‬/ ‫يصدر‬
sign ‫ ميضى‬/ ‫يوقع‬
farm animals ‫احليوانات املستخدمة فى الزراعة‬
104 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(29)
ARSON REMAND

Darren Carr, 24, a lodger accused of starting a fire that killed a

mother and her two daughters, aged six and four, at their home in
Abingdon, Oxfordshire, early on Monday, was remanded in custody
for a week by Wantage magistrates yesterday.

Vocabulary :

Arson (n.) ‫ حريق متعمد‬/ ً‫إشعال النار عمدا‬

to remand in custody ‫يحبس على ذمة التحقيق‬
lodger (n.) ‫ساكن‬
magistrate (n.) ‫قاض فى محكمة الدرجة األولى‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 105

(30)
JULIE WARD WRIT

The father of Julie Ward, who was murdered in a Kenyan game

reserve in 1988, is suing the Kenyan Government for £500,000 to
cover the cost of his investigations into her death. John Ward, 61,
visited the country almost 50 times in search of evidence.

Vocabulary :
writ (n.) ‫ أمر محكمة‬/ ‫أمر قضائى‬
to murder (v.) ً‫يقتل عمدا‬
to sue (v.) ... ‫ يرفع دعوى ضد‬/ ‫يقاضى‬
game reserve (n.) ‫أرض مخصصة للحيوانات‬
cost (n.) ‫تكلفة‬
investigation (n.) ‫حتقيق‬
in search of ‫بحثاً عن‬
evidence (n.) ‫دليل‬
106 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(31)
BODIES IDENTIFIED

The two bodies recovered from the sea off north Cornwall are
the missing crew members from the wrecked sailing ship Maria
Asumpta. Emily MacFarlane, 19, from Felixstowe, and John
Shannon, 24, from Australia, were lost near Padstow earlier this
month.

Vocabulary :

to identify (v.) ‫يحدد هوية‬

to recover (v.) ‫ يعثر على‬/ ‫ينتشل‬
missing (adj.) ‫مفقود‬
crew (n.) ‫طاقم‬
wrecked (adj.) ‫محطم‬
sailing ship (n.) ‫قارب شراعى‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 107

(32)
FOOTBALL SCORES

Britons are spending more than £58 million a year on football

kits, beating annual sales of skiwear, which fell £17 million to £50
million between 1990 and 1994. Swimwear sales are still top with
£140 million, according to market analysts Datamonitor.

Vocabulary :

score (n.) ‫ تعداد‬/ ‫ نتيجة مباراة‬/ ‫رقم‬

Britons (n.) ‫البريطانيون‬
football kits (n.) ‫طقم مالبس ومعدات كرة القدم‬
to beat (v.) ‫ يهزم‬/ ‫ يتجاوز‬/ ‫يتفوق على‬
annual (adj.) ‫سنوى‬
sales (n.) ‫مبيعات‬
skiwear (n.) ‫مالبس التزلج على اجلليد‬
swimwear (n.) ‫مالبس السباحة‬
market (n.) ‫سوق‬
analyst (n.) ‫مُحلِّل‬
Datamonitor ) ‫جهاز مراقبة البيانات ( بالكمبيوتر‬
108 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(33)
BHAGWAN BRITONS ON TRIAL

Los Angeles : Two British women accused of conspiring to

murder Charles Turner, a US Attorney, and his family in the name
of cult leader Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh went on trial yesterday in
Portland, Oregon, (Giles Whittell writes).

The case of Sally Anne Croft and Susan Hagan, extradited from
Britain last year, is being heard in Portland despite their lawyers'
efforts to move it to California to escape lingering hostility towards
the Bhagwan's followers ten years after their alleged plot.

Vocabulary :
trial (n.) ‫محاكمة‬
to conspire (v.) ‫يتآمر‬
to murder (v.) ً‫يقتل عمدا‬
attorney (n.) ‫ وكيل نيابة‬/ ‫محام‬
cult (n.) ‫مذهب‬
case (n.) ‫قضية‬
to extradite (v.) ‫يُسلِّم شخصاً حلكومته‬
to hear a case ‫ينظر فى قضية‬
to escape (v.) ‫ يتفادى‬/ ‫ يهرب‬/ ‫يفر‬
lingering (adj.) ً‫الذى مازال قائما‬
hostility (n.) ‫ عداوة‬/ ‫عداء‬
follower (n.) ‫ منتم‬/ ‫تابع‬
plot (n.) ‫ خطة‬/ ‫مؤامرة‬
alleged (adj.) ‫مزعوم‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 109

(34)
ORANGE COUNTY SET
TO DEFAULT

Washington : California's affluent, ultra-conservative Orange

County looked ready to risk the largest default in the history of the
municipal bond market yesterday by rejecting a modest tax increase
designed to rescue it from bankruptcy (Martin Fletcher writes). Late
polls suggested the two million residents of America's fifth-largest
county were ready to reject a 0.5 per cent increase in sales tax no
matter what the consequences.

Vocabulary :
County (n.) ‫مقاطعة‬
affluent (adj.) ‫ غنى‬/ ‫ثرى‬
ultra-conservative (adj.) ‫ والتمسك بالتقاليد‬/ ‫مفرط فى التحفظ‬
to risk (v.) ‫ يخاطر‬/ ‫يغامر‬
default (n.) ‫ عدم الدفع‬/ ‫عدم السداد‬
muncipal bond market (n.) ‫سوق السندات احمللى‬
to reject (v.) ‫يرفض‬
modest (adj.) ‫ معقول‬/ ‫معتدل‬
tax (n.) ‫ضريبة‬
increase (n.) ‫زيادة‬
to rescue (v.) ‫ينقذ‬
bankruptcy (n.) ‫إفالس‬
110 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

poll (n.) ‫ قياس رأى‬/ ‫استطالع‬

resident (n.) ‫ساكن‬
sales tax (n.) ‫ضريبة مبيعات‬
consequences (n.) ‫ نتائج‬/ ‫عواقب‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 111

(35)
JAPAN EMPEROR HAS SURGERY

Tokyo : Japan's Emperor Akihito, 61, has undergone sucessful

minor surgery to remove an intestinal polyp. The polyp, discovered
during a routine check-up last week, was taken out during a
40-minute operation in Tokyo. Results of the post-surgical
examination are expected next week. (Reuter)

Vocabulary :

emperor (n.) ‫امبراطور‬

to undergo (v.) ... ‫ مير بـ‬/ ... ‫يتعرض لـ‬
minor surgery (n.) ‫جراحة بسيطة‬
to remove (v.) ‫يزيل‬
intestinal (adj.) ‫معوى‬
polyp (n.) ) ‫ورم ( سرطانى‬
routine check-up (n.) ‫ فحص طبى دورى‬/ ‫كشف دورى‬
operation (n.) ‫عملية‬
post-surgical (adj.) ‫عقب اجلراحة‬
examination (n.) ‫ فحص‬/ ‫كشف‬
Reuter ‫وكالة رويتر لألنباء‬
discovered ‫ الذى اكتشف‬/ ‫املكتشف‬
112 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(36)
POLL SETBACK FOR
SEOUL'S LEADERS

Seoul : South Korea's ruling Democratic Liberal Party appeared

to be heading for a setback in local polls, which are seen as a vote on
President Kim Young Sam's Government. Early returns showed
DLP candidates ahead in only five of the 15 cities and provinces
being contested, while the Democratic Party was leading in four.
(Reuter)

Vocabulary :
poll (n.) ) ‫انتخابات ( محلية‬
setback (n.) ‫نكسة‬
Democratic Liberal Party ‫احلزب الدميقراطى الليبرالى‬
local (adj.) ‫محلى‬
vote (n.) ‫تصويت‬
candidate (n.) ‫مُرشَّح‬
ahead (adj.) ... ‫متقدم عن‬
province (n.) ‫مقاطعة‬
to contest (v.) ‫يتنافس‬
contested ‫ التـى يتنـافس‬/ ‫محل التنـافس بني املـرشحني‬
‫املرشحون على الفوز مبقاعدها‬
to lead (v.) ‫ يقود‬/ ‫يتقدم على‬
ruling ‫احلاكم‬
heading for ‫ يقدم على‬/ ‫يتوقع‬
returns ‫نتائج‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 113

(37)
CREDIT NOTES

New York : A piano tuner taking apart a discarded upright

discovered 62 savings bonds worth more than £13,000 and tracked
down the beneficiaries, who have promised him a reward. (AP)

Vocabulary :

credit (n.) ‫ ائتمان‬/ ‫ قرض‬/ ‫امتياز‬

notes (n.) ‫ أوراق مالية‬/ ‫ أنغام‬/ ‫أوراق‬
piano tuner (n.) ‫ضابط أوتار البيانو‬
to take apart (v.) ‫ يفك‬/ ‫يحل‬
discarded (adj.) ‫مُهْمَل‬
upright (n.) ‫بيانو ( معزف ) رأسى‬
saving bonds (n.) ‫سندات توفير‬
to track down (v.) ‫يتعقب‬
beneficiary (n.) ‫مستفيد‬
to promise (v.) ‫يَعِد‬
reward (n.) ‫جائزة‬
AP (Associated Press) ‫وكالة االسوشيتدبرس لألنباء‬
114 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(38)
SCOTLAND GETS NEW NURSING
UNION

A union for nurses in Scotland was launched yesterday. The

Independent Federation of Nursing said it would be non-political
and would not be affiliated to the Scottish TUC. Strike action is not
ruled out but it would be a last resort.

The union, which has so far signed up 100 members, many

former members of Unison, says it has been set up to reflect the
NHS Trust pattern and will be able to negotiate at trust level to
promote nurses' pay and conditions. Its leaders denied it was merely
a break-away group.

Vocabulary :

nursing (n.) ‫متريض‬

union (n.) ‫ احتاد‬/ ‫نقابة‬
to launch (v.) ‫ يقيم‬/ .. ‫ يشرع فى‬/ ‫يبدأ‬
independent (adj.) ‫مستقل‬
federation (n.) ‫ احتاد‬/ ‫نقابة‬
non-political (adj.) ‫غير سياسى‬
affiliated to (adj.) ... ‫تابع لـ‬
strike (n.) ‫إضراب‬
action (n.) ‫إجراء‬
TUC (Trade Unions Congress) ‫احتاد ( مؤمتر ) نقابات العمال‬
to rule out (v.) ‫يستبعد‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬

‫)‪last resort (n.‬‬ ‫امللجأ األخير‬

‫)‪to sign up (v.‬‬ ‫يضم أعضاء‬
‫)‪to set up (v.‬‬ ‫ينشئ‬
‫)‪to reflect (v.‬‬ ‫يعكس‬
‫)‪pattern (n.‬‬ ‫نوع ‪ /‬نظام ‪/‬منط ‪ /‬أسلوب ثابت‬
‫)‪to negotiate (v.‬‬ ‫يتفاوض‬
‫)‪to promote (v.‬‬ ‫يحسن‬
‫)‪pay (n.‬‬ ‫أجر ‪ /‬راتب‬
‫)‪conditions (n.‬‬ ‫شروط التوظف ‪ /‬شروط العمل وأحواله‬
‫)‪leader (n.‬‬ ‫زعيم‬
‫)‪to deny (v.‬‬ ‫ينكر‬
‫)‪breakaway (adj.‬‬ ‫منشق‬
‫‪Unison‬‬ ‫الوحدة ( اسم النقابة القدمية )‬
‫)‪NHS (National Health Service‬‬ ‫هيئة التأمني الصحى البريطانية‬
‫الصنـدوق االستئـمانـى لهيئـة التـأمني الـصحى‬
‫‪NHS Trust‬‬ ‫البريطانية‬
‫‪merely‬‬ ‫مجرد‬
116 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(39)
CAR TALKS CONTINUE

NICKEY KANTOR, the US Trade Representative, was locked

in talks with Ryutaro Hashimoto, Japan's InternationalTrade and
Industry Minister, in Geneva last night aimed at securing a
last-minute deal on access for US cars and parts to Japan. Unless
agreement is reached by today, the US plans to impose unilateral
sanctions on $5.9 billion worth of imported cars from Japan.
President Clinton is scheduled to make a statement on the car row
today. Officials in Geneva, speaking before the evening talks
session, said prospects of heading off the punitive US tariffs looked
grim as the main issues were still unresolved.

Vocabulary :
trade representative (n.) ‫ ممثل جتارى‬/ ‫ممثل وزارة التجارة‬
to secure a deal ‫يبرم صفقة‬
last-minute ... (adj.) ‫فى آخر حلظة‬
access (n.) ‫ وصول‬/ ‫دخول‬
agreement (n.) ‫اتفاق‬
impose (v.) ‫يفرض‬
unilateral (adj.) ‫من جانب واحد‬
sanctions (n.) ‫عقوبات‬
scheduled (adj.) ‫ مُقَرَّر‬/ ً‫ معد سلفا‬/ ‫مزمع‬
row (n.) ‫ نزاع‬/ ‫ جدل‬/ ‫خالف‬
official (n.) ‫ مسئول‬/ ‫شخص فى وظيفة رسمية‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 117

session (n.) ‫جلسة‬

prospects (n.) ‫ توقعات‬/ ‫آفاق‬
to head off (v.) ‫ يتجنب‬/ ‫ يتحاشى‬/ ‫يتفادى‬
punitive (adj.) ‫ عقابى‬/ ‫ من باب العقاب‬/ ‫مبثابة عقوبة‬
tariff (n.) ‫تعريفة جمركية‬
grim (adj.) ‫ غير مبشر‬/ ‫ مظلم‬/ ‫قامت‬
issue (n.) ‫ قضية‬/ ‫موضوع‬
unresolved (adj.) ‫ باق دون حل‬/ ‫ معلق‬/ ‫قائم‬
international ‫دولى‬
industry ‫صناعة‬
minister ‫وزير‬
locked in ‫منهمك فى‬
parts ‫قطع غيار‬
118 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(40)
ENGINEERING PAY RISES
AVERAGE 3.2%

PAY settlements in the engineering industry are running at a

stable level, engineering employers say today, suggesting that wage
deals are now averaging a little over 3 per cent. The findings of the
latest pay study in the engineering industry will be seen by business
and Whitehall as helpful to the outlook for inflation and in the
industry itself for growth and competitiveness.

In more than 330 settlements over the three-month period to

May, the Engineering Employers Federation reports that the average
deal was 3.2 per cent. Of these, 55 per cent were for 3 per cent or
below. A third were for rises of 3 to 4 per cent and there were still a
small number of pay freezes, the EEF says. Graham Mackenzie, EEF
director- general, said : “I am pleased to see pay settlements stable in
our industry. As the rate of recovery has slowed recently, pay
restraint is a vital element of keeping engineering companies
competitive and on the right track for healthy growth.”

Vocabulary :
engineering pay (n.) ‫رواتب أو أجور املهندسني‬
) ‫( العاملني باملهن الهندسية‬
average (n.) (v.) ‫ يبلغ فى املتوسط‬/ ‫متوسط‬
settlement (n.) ‫ تسوية‬/ ‫ اتفاقية‬/ ‫اتفاق‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 119

to run (v.) ‫ مير‬/ ‫ يسير‬/ ‫يجرى‬

stable (adj.) ‫ مستقر‬/ ‫ثابت‬
level (n.) ‫مستوى‬
wage (n.) ‫أجر‬
deal (n.) ‫ صفقة‬/ ‫اتفاق‬
outlook (n.) ‫ مستقبل‬/ ‫توقع‬
inflation (n.) ‫تضخم‬
growth (n.) ‫منو‬
competitiveness (n.) ‫القدرة التنافسية‬
employers ‫أصحاب العمل‬
per cent ‫فى املائة‬
freeze (n.) (v.) ‫ جتميد‬/ ‫يجمد‬
rise (n.) (v.) ) ‫ زيادة ( عالوة‬/ ‫يزيد‬
director-general (n.) ‫مدير عام‬
industry (n.) ‫صناعة‬
rate (n.) ‫معدل‬
ratio ‫نسبة‬
restraint (n.) ‫ قيد‬/ ‫ ضبط‬/ ‫ وضع قيود على‬/ ‫التحكم فى‬
vital (adj.) ‫حيوى‬
track (n.) ‫ مسار‬/ ‫ اجتاه‬/ ‫طريق‬
growth (n.) ‫منو‬
findings ‫نتائج‬
helpful ‫مفيدة‬
settlements ‫حاالت تسوية‬
‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫‪Engineering Employers Federation‬‬ ‫نقابة أصحاب األعمال الهندسية‬

‫‪Federation‬‬ ‫نقابة ‪ /‬جمعية ‪ /‬احتاد‬
‫‪recovery‬‬ ‫انتعاش اقتصادى‬
‫‪element‬‬ ‫عنصر‬
‫حى فى لندن تقع فيه محكمة لندن وعدد كبير‬
‫من املصالح احلكومية ( املقصود هنا هى‬
‫‪whitehall‬‬ ‫احلكومة البريطانية )‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 121

(41)
LOWNDES EYES RIVALS

LOWNDES LAMBERT, one of the world's top 20 insurance

brokers, will continue to buy suitable rivals at home and abroad, it
said yesterday, announcing a 16 per cent rise in profits, to £15.3
million, in the year to March 31. With cash of £7.8 million, the
group is well-placed for deals. Acquisitions last year, including
Whiteley Henshaw Hindle, cost £15.7 million. Turnover rose to
£93.8 million, from £79.5 million. Earnings per share rose by nearly
13 per ent, to 17.9 p. A 5.5 p final dividend, making 8.25p, is
proposed. Insurance-broking profits rose by 23 per cent, to £8.6
million.

Vocabulary :

insurance (n.) ‫تأمني‬

broker (n.) ‫ سمسار‬/ ‫وسيط‬
rival (n.) ‫منافس‬
at home ‫داخل البالد‬
abroad (adv.) ‫باخلارج‬
to announce (v.) ‫يعلن‬
per cent )%( ‫باملائة‬
rise (n.) ‫زيادة‬
profit (n.) ‫ربح‬
cash (n.) ‫ أموال سائلة‬/ ‫نقد‬
122 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

well-placed (adj.) ‫مؤهل‬

deal (n.) ‫صفقة‬
‫ العقارات التى‬/ ‫الشركات التى اشترتها‬
Acquisitions (n.) ‫ األصول‬/ ‫ األسهم‬/ ‫اشترتها‬
turnover (n.) ‫ حجم املبيعات‬/ ‫الدخل‬
earnings (n.) ‫ عائدات‬/ ‫ دخول‬/ ‫عوائد‬
share (n.) ‫سهم‬
dividend (n.) ‫ربح السهم‬
to eye (v.) ‫يرقب‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 123

(42)
FYFFES STILL HUNGRY

ACQUISITIONS helped to lift profits at Fyffes, the fruit and

vegetable distributor based in Ireland, by 25 per cent in the six
months to April 30. Pre-tax profits advanced from Ir £14.2 million
to Ir £17.8 million after a 50 per cent rise in sales from Ir £374
million to Ir £559 million. The company made several acquisitions
in the past year, including a 70 per cent holding in Angel Rey, a
Spanish produce company. Fyffes said it was seeking further
acquisitions to build its fresh fruit and banana business. The interim
dividend was lifted 10 per cent to Ir 0.4724 p. Earnings per share
rose from Ir 2.68 p. to Ir 3.05 p.

Vocabulary :

Acquisitions (n.) ‫ األصول اإلنتاجية املقتناة‬/ ‫األصول املشتراة‬

profits (n.) ‫أرباح‬
fruit (n.) ‫فاكهة‬
vegetables (n.) ‫ خضر‬/ ‫خضروات‬
distributor (n.) ‫ شركة توزيع‬/ ‫موزع‬
pre-tax profits (n.) ‫أرباح محتسبة قبل استقطاع الضرائب‬
sales (n.) ‫مبيعات‬
holding (n.) ‫نصيب فى شركة ما‬
fresh (adj.) ‫جديد‬
interim (adj.) ‫ مؤقت‬/ ‫مرحلى‬
dividend (n.) ‫ربح السهم‬
124 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

earning (n.) ‫عائد‬

share (n.) ‫سهم‬
per cent ‫فى املائة‬
advance ‫ يرتفع‬/ ‫ يعلو‬/ ‫يتقدم‬
Ir £ ‫جنيه أيرلندى‬
produce ‫إنتاج زراعى‬
fresh fruit ‫فواكه طازجة‬
banana ‫موز‬
per share ‫للسهم الواحد‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 125

(43)
BERKELEY LIFTS GLOOM

A MOVE to sell more expensive properties helped Berkeley

Group to buck housing market gloom and turn in record full-year
profits. However, the upmarket housebuilder is concerned about
further weakness and is urging the Government to bolster the
market. Profits from continuing trading activities before tax rose
from 31 per cent to £37.6 million in the year to April 31. However,
the previous year also gained from a £10.9 million profit from a
disposal of assets that took last time's pre-tax profits to £39.5
million. The average sales price rose by £30,000 to £190,000 after a
change in unit mix. A final dividend of 5.65p (5.1p) makes 7.75p
(7p).

Vocabulary :
gloom (n.) ‫ كآبة‬/ ‫ركود‬
move (n.) ‫إجراء‬
properties (n.) ‫عقارات‬
to buck (v.) ‫يقاوم‬
lift ‫ يزيل‬/ ‫يرفع لثام‬
tax ‫ضريبة‬
unit (n.) ‫وحدة‬
mix (n.) ‫خلط‬
‫ على رأس‬/ ‫على أعلى مستويات السوق‬
upmarket (adj.) ‫السوق‬
126 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

house builder (n.) ‫ شركة بناء املساكن‬/ ‫بنَّاء‬

concerned (adj.) ‫قلق‬
to urge (v.) ‫يحث‬
to bolster (v.) ‫يدعم‬
trading activities (n.) ‫أنشطة جتارية‬
profit (n.) ‫ربح‬
disposal of assets ‫ تصفية األصول‬/ ‫تصفية بعض األرصدة‬
pre-tax profits ‫أرباح محتسبة قبل فرض الضرائب‬
change in unit mix ‫التغيير فى أساس تقسيم الوحدات‬
average (n.) ‫متوسط‬
sales (n.) ‫مبيعات‬
dividend (n.) ‫ ربح السهم‬- ‫عائد‬
p. (penny) 1 = ‫بنس‬
‫ـــــ من اجلنيه االسترلينى‬
2
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 127

(44)
BRENT WALKER CONFIDENT

BRENT WALKER, the struggling leisure group, remains

confident of defeating a £10.2 million action by George Walker, its
former chairman, in spite of a setback in the High Court. Mr Justice
Carnwath ruled on Monday that the claim by both sides that a
“balancing exercise” had taken place involving funds allegedly
owing to Holt Freres, a Walker family trust, was not easy to
reconcile with other evidence. He added, however, that
non-disclosure of additional documents was not a serious matter,
and there was no evidence of prejudice to Holt Freres. The £10.2
million action is due to go to a preliminary hearing in the French
courts in the autumn.

Vocabulary :

confident (adj.) ‫واثق‬

to defeat (v.) ‫ يكسب‬/ ‫يهزم‬
action (n.) ‫دعوى قضائية‬
claim (n.) ‫ادعاء‬
Justice .... (n.) ‫القاضى فالن‬
funds (n.) ‫ مبالغ‬/ ‫أموال‬
owing to ... ‫من حق‬
additional (adj.) ‫إضافى‬
struggling (adj.) ‫تكافح ( من أجل البقاء ) أى تواجه متاعب مالية‬
‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫)‪leisure (n.‬‬ ‫وقت فراغ ‪ /‬ترفيه ‪ /‬تسلية‬

‫)‪chairman (n.‬‬ ‫رئيس مجلس اإلدارة‬
‫)‪setback (n.‬‬ ‫نكسة ‪ /‬هزمية محدودة‬
‫)‪High Court (n.‬‬ ‫احملكمة العليا‬
‫)‪to rule (v.‬‬ ‫يحكم ‪ /‬يقضى ‪ /‬يفتى‬
‫‪family trust‬‬ ‫صندوق استئمانى لألسرة ‪ /‬حساب أمانة لألسرة‬
‫)‪to reconcile (v.‬‬ ‫يوفِّق بني أمرين ‪ /‬يوائم‬
‫)‪non-disclosure (n.‬‬ ‫عدم التصريح ‪ /‬عدم اإلفضاء بـ ‪...‬‬
‫مجموعة شركات تعمل فى مجال الترفيه ‪ /‬تزجية‬
‫‪Leisure group‬‬ ‫وقت الفراغ‬
‫)‪document (n.‬‬ ‫وثيقة ‪ /‬مستند‬
‫‪prejudie to‬‬ ‫اإلضرار بـ ‪ / ...‬االنتقاص من شأن‬
‫)‪preliminary hearing (n.‬‬ ‫جلسة أولية فى احملكمة‬
‫)‪autumn (n.‬‬ ‫فصل اخلريف‬
‫‪balancing exercise‬‬ ‫عملية موازنة‬
‫‪involving‬‬ ‫خاصة بـ ‪ /‬تضمن ‪ /‬تتصل بـ‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 129

(45)
HANSON ACQUISITION

HANSON, the international conglomerate, is making its first

direct acquisition in continental Europe with the DM65 million (£29
million) purchase of Krupp Mobilkrane in Germany. Krupp
Mobilkrane makes mobile cranes of between 22 and 275 tonnes and
is intended to expand Grove Worldwide, Hanson's mobile crane
maker, which is largely based in the US. Krupp has sales of about
DM200 million a year and will enlarge Grove's turnover by about
one third. William Landuyt, chief executive of Hanson's US arm,
said the deal was part of the group's commitment to expand its
business through bolt-on acquisitions.

Vocabulary :
acquisition (n.) ‫ شراء‬/ ‫ حصول على شىء ما‬/ ‫اقتناء‬
conglomerate (n.) ‫مجموعة شركات متحدة‬
continental Europe (n.) ) ‫القارة األوروبية ( دون احتساب اجلزر البريطانية‬
DM (Deutsch Mark) ‫مارك أملانى‬
purchase (n.) ‫شراء‬
mobile (n.) ‫ متنقل‬/ ‫متحرك‬
crane (n.) ‫ ونش‬/ ‫رافعة‬
tonne (n.) ‫طن مترى‬
to expand (v.) ‫يُوسِّع‬
to be based in ... ... ‫يقع مقرُّه فى‬
sales (n.) ‫مبيعات‬
130 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

turnover (n.) ‫ مجموع إنتاج‬/ ‫دخل‬

chief executive (n.) ‫املدير الرئيسى‬
Hanson's U.S. arm (n.) ‫فرع شركة هانسن بالواليات املتحدة‬
commitment (n.) ‫التزام‬
bolt-on (adj.) ‫ أساسى‬/ ‫ فى صلب‬/ ‫فى صميم‬
largely based in ... ... ‫تقع معظم مصانعها فى‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 131

(46)
GUARD POSTED ON
NUDE PAINTING

Paris : Protected by bullet-proof glass, The Beginning of the

World, Gustave Courbet's controversial painting of a female nude,
was put under permanent guard when it went on display this week at
the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (Susan Bell writes). For more than 100
years the painting of a women's torso has been thought too
scandalous for public exhibition.

Vocabulary :
to post (v.) ‫يعني ( حارساً ) على‬
nude (adj.) ‫عارية‬
bullet-proof (adj.) ‫زجاج واق من الرصاص‬
controversial (adj.) ‫ خالفى‬/ ‫ مثير للجدل‬/ ‫مثار خلف‬
public (adj.) ‫( للعرض ) على اجلمهور‬
female (n.) ‫أنثى‬
permanent (adj.) ‫دائم‬
guard (n.) ‫ حراسة‬- ‫حارس‬
on display ‫معروض‬
torso (n.) ‫جسم‬
scandalous (adj.) ‫فاضح‬
exhibition (n.) ‫عرض‬
132 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual

(47)
INSURER'S SALE WARNING

NATIONAL MUTUAL, the Australian insurer, delivered a

bombshell to policy holders yesterday when it said that it faces a
A$600 million (£270 million) shortfall in capital reserves if it does
not win approval for its planned A$1.1 billion sale to AXA, the
French insurance company. Geoff Tomlinson, NM managing
director, said that any other offers would be on “significantly less
attractive terms”. He said that reserves, of A$1.46 billion, are
A$614 million short of what is needed to fund management of the
business. AXA plans to take a 40 per cent stake for A$1.08 billion,
lifting it to 51 per cent when the shares are listed in Australia.

Vocabulary :
insurer (n.) ‫شركة تأمني‬
to deliver (v.) ‫ يُلقى‬/ ‫ يقدم‬/ ‫ ينفذ‬/ ‫يسلم‬
bombshell (n.) ‫قنبلة‬
policyholder (n.) ) ‫حامل الوثيقة ( البوليصة‬
shortfall (n.) ‫ نقص‬/ ‫عجز‬
capital (n.) ‫رأس املال‬
reserve (n.) ‫احتياطى‬
approval (n.) ‫موافقة‬
sale (n.) ‫بيع‬
managing director (n.) ‫ املدير التنفيذى‬/ ‫عضو مجلس اإلدارة املنتدب‬
offer (n.) (v.) ‫ يعرض‬/ ‫عرض‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 133

to fund (v.) ‫ميوِّل‬

management (n.) ‫إدارة‬
stake (n.) ‫نصيب‬
to lift (v.) ‫يرفع‬
warning (n.) ‫حتذير‬
significantly less ً‫أقل كثيرا‬
attractive terms ‫ بصورة مفيدة أو مالئمة‬/ ‫شروط مغرية‬
offers ‫عروض للبيع أو الشراء‬
listed ‫ توضع فى القوائم‬/ ‫ تعلن‬/ ‫معلنة‬
An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual 135

APPENDIX
Translation of
Selected Passages
136 An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪137‬‬

‫بيت العرائس‬
‫كاترين مانسفيلد‬
‫عندما عادت العمة احملبوبة السيدة ( هاى ) إلى لندن ‪ ،‬بعد أن أقامت ( بعض‬
‫الوقت ) مع أسرة ( بـيرنيل ) أرسلت إلى أطفـال األسرة بيتا لـلعرائس ‪ ،‬وكان ضخم‬
‫احلجم حـتى اضطـر ( بات ) إلـى مسـاعدة الـسائق الـذى أتى به فـى حمله إلـى فناء‬
‫املنزل حيث وضـعاه على صندوقـني خشـبيني ‪ ،‬ومبا أنهم فـى فصـل الصيف فلن يلحـق‬
‫أى ضرر بهــذا البيـت ( فى الفـناء ) ‪ ،‬كـما أن رائحـة الطالء الـتى تـنبعث مـنه رمبا‬
‫تتبدد عنـدما يحني وقـت إدخاله إلى املـنزل ‪ .‬يا لهـا من رائحة تنـبعث من طالء بيت‬
‫العرائس ! إنهـا حقا لفتة رقيقـة بالطبع من السيـدة هاى ‪ ،‬لفتة بالغـة الرقة والكرم ‪،‬‬
‫إال أن رائحة الطالء ‪ ،‬فى رأى العمة بيـريل ‪ ،‬كانت تكفى إلصابه أى شخص بغثيان‬
‫شديد ‪.‬‬
‫فـى ذلك املكـان استقـر بيت العـرائس بلـونه األخـضر الـزيتـى الداكـن مع بعض‬
‫األجزاء امللونـة باألصفر الـزاهى ‪ ،‬وكانـت فوق سطحه مـدخنتان صغـيرتان مـصمتتان‬
‫مطليتان باللونني األحمـر واألبيض ‪ ،‬أما الباب فلونه أصفـر ‪ ،‬وأما الشبابيك األربعة‬
‫فكـانت شبـابيـك حقيقيـة مير فـى وسطهـا خط أخـضر عـريض فيقـسمـها إلـى أجزاء‬
‫مختلفة‪ ،‬وللبيت مدخل صغير ‪ ،‬مطلى باللون األصفر أيضاً ‪.‬‬
‫يا له من بـيت صغير كامل ال يـنقصه شىء ! ومن ذا الذى ميـكن أن يشتكى من‬
‫الرائحة ? إنها جزء من الفرحة بكل جديد ! ‪.‬‬
‫‪ X‬فليفتحه أحدكم بسرعة ! ‪Z‬‬
‫كان املـشبك املـوجود فـى جانـب البيـت محشـوراً ‪ ،‬فاضـطر (بـات) الستـخدام‬
‫مديــته فى فتحه ‪ ،‬ومـا أن انتهى حـتى انفتحـت واجهة املنـزل بأكـملها فكـشفت فـى‬
‫نفس اللحـظة عن غرفة املعيـشة وغرفة الطعـام واملطبخ وغرفتى الـنوم ‪ .‬هكــذا ينبغى‬
‫أن يُفتح أى منـزل ! لم ال تنـفتح كل البيـوت على غـرار ذلك البيت ? إن ذلـك أكثر‬
‫‪138‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫إثارة من النظر من خالل بـاب موارب إلى صالة صغيرة متـواضعة بها حامل للقبعات‬
‫‪ .‬أليس ذلـك ما تُريد أن تعـرفه عن أى منزل عنـدما تقف لدى البـاب ? لعل هذه هى‬
‫الطريقـة التى تنـفتح بها البـيوت مبشيـئة اهلل فى مـنتصف الليـل ! وهنـا صاح أطفال‬
‫أسرة ( بـيـرنيل ) ‪ X :‬آه ‪ Z‬كأمنـا فاق منظـر البيت كل آمالهـم ! فالبيت أروع من أن‬
‫يصـدقه أحد وأكـثر مما ميـكنهم حتمله ! إذ لـم يـروا فى حيـاتهم قط مـثيالً له ‪ .‬جدران‬
‫حجـراته كلها مغطـاة بورق احلائط ‪ ،‬وعلــى اجلـدران صور مـرسومة عــلـى الورق ولها‬
‫إطـارات مذهـبة ‪ ،‬واألرضيـات مفروشـة ببسـاط أحمر فـيما عـدا املطبخ ‪ ،‬وفـى حجرة‬
‫املعيشة كراسى حمـراء ‪ ،‬أما فى حجرة الطعام فالكـراسى خضراء اللون ‪ ،‬واملناضـد ‪،‬‬
‫واألسـرَّة مغطاة بفـرش حقيقى ‪ ،‬وحـولها األثاث ‪ ،‬واألطبـاق الصغيرة علـى املناضد ‪،‬‬
‫ولكن الـذى أحبته ( كيزيا ) أكثر ممـا سواه ‪ ،‬والـذى أحبته حقا وصـدقاً كـان املصباح‬
‫املوضـوع فـى وسـط املـائدة بغـرفة الـطعام ‪ ،‬فـهـو مصـباح صغيـر جميل أصفـر اللون‬
‫يعلوه غطـاء زجاجى أبـيض ‪ ،‬بل بــدا كمـا لو كان ممتـلئاً وجاهـزاً لإلضاءة ‪ ،‬وإن كان‬
‫ذلـك غير ممكن بالطـبـع ‪ ،‬إال أن ثمـة شيئاً داخل املـصباح بدا كالـزيت ‪ ،‬وكان يتحرك‬
‫كلما اهتز املصباح ‪.‬‬
‫أمــا الدمـيتان اللـتان متثـالن األب واألم فكانتـا متصلبـتني كأمنـا أغمى علـيهما‬
‫فــى غـرفة املعيـشة وكذلك طفـالهما الصغيـران النائمـان بالدور العلـوى ‪ ،‬وكان حجم‬
‫اجلميع أكبـر من أن يتنـاسب مع بيت العـرائس ‪ ،‬بحـيث كانت الـدمى ‪ ،‬فيمـا يبدو ‪،‬‬
‫غريـبة على البيت ‪ .‬ولكن املصباح هو الذى بلغ حد الكمال ‪ ،‬بل بدا وكأنه يبتسم فى‬
‫وجه كيزيا قائالً ‪ X :‬إننى أقيم هنا ‪ Z‬لقد كان مصباحاً حقيقياً ‪.‬‬
‫وفى صباح اليوم التالـى هرع أطفال أسرة ( بيرنيل ) نـحو مدرستهم فــى سرعة‬
‫توازى لهفتهم وحرصهم على أن يخبروا اجلميـع ‪ ،‬وأن يصفوا لهم ‪ ،‬بل وأن يتباهوا ‪،‬‬
‫ببيتهم اجلديد ‪ -‬بيت العرائس ‪ -‬قبل أن يدق جرس املدرسة ‪.‬‬
‫وقالت لهم ( إيـزابيل ) ‪ X :‬أنا التى سأخبـرهم ‪ ،‬فأنا أكبركـم سنا ‪ ،‬ولكما بعد‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪139‬‬

‫ذلك أن تشتركا معى فى احلديث ! ولكن الواجب أن أبدأ أنا احلديث ‪. Z‬‬

‫بيت العرائس ‪ -‬تأليف كاترين مانسفيلد ( الطبعة املبسطة )‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫لورد ماوندراجو‬
‫سومرست موم‬
‫نـظــر دكتــور ( أودلني ) إلـى الـسـاعـة املـوضـوعــة علـى مـكتـبه فـوجـدهـا‬
‫تشير إلى الـسادسـة إال الثلث ‪ .‬فـدهـش لتأخّر لـورد ( ماوندراجو ) الـذى يعتز بدقة‬
‫مواعيـده ‪ ،‬وكان من عـادته أن يقول ‪ :‬إن الـدقة فـى املواعـيد من سمـات األدب لدى‬
‫األذكيـاء ‪ ،‬ومن نقـائص األغبـياء ‪ ،‬وكـان موعـد اللورد (مـاوندراجـو) قد حـان فى‬
‫اخلامسة والنصف‪.‬‬
‫لم يكـن فــى مظهر دكتـور ( أودلني ) ما يلفـت النظر ‪ ،‬فهـو طويل ‪ ،‬ونحيف ‪،‬‬
‫ضيق املنكبني ‪ ،‬وقامتـه منحنية إلى حد ما ‪ ،‬وشعـره وخطه الشيب وتساقط ‪ ،‬ووجهه‬
‫طـويل شاحـب عميق الغضـون ‪ .‬لم يكن يتجـاوز اخلمسـني من عمره وإن بـدا أكبر من‬
‫ذلك ‪ ،‬إذ كانت عـيناه الشـاحبتان الـزرقاوان الواسـعتان إلى حـد ما تشـى باإلرهاق ‪،‬‬
‫وإذا لبـثت معه فتـرة الحظت أن عـينيه قلـما تـتحركـان ‪ ،‬فإذا نـظر إلـى وجهك ظلت‬
‫عيناه ثـابتتني عليك ‪ ،‬وإن كان خلوهما من الـتعبير ال يسبب لك أى قلق ‪ ،‬ونادراً ما‬
‫كان يـشع فيهـما أى بـريق ‪ ،‬إذ ال تنـمـان عـما يـدور فى خلـده من أفكـار وال تتـبدل‬
‫نظرتهـما وفقا ملـا يقوله من كلمـات ‪ .‬كانت يـداه كبيرتـني إلى حد مـا وذواتى أصابع‬
‫طويلة ‪ ،‬وبهما صالبة على طراوتهما ‪ ،‬وبرودة دون قطرة عرق ‪.‬‬
‫وكـان من احملـال أن تـصف مالبـس الـدكتــور ( أودلني ) إال إذا أمعـنت الـنظـر‬
‫إلـيها‪ ،‬فهـى داكنـة ‪ ،‬ورباط عـنقه أسود ‪ ،‬ممـا جعله يبـدو شاحـباً ‪ ،‬وزاد مـن شحوب‬
‫وجهه املتغضن ‪ ،‬أى أنه كان يبدو مريضاً ‪.‬‬

‫وكان الدكتور أودلني يعمل بالتحليل النفسى ‪ ،‬وقد انخرط فى هذه املهنة مبحض‬
‫الصـدفة وأحـاطت مبمـارسته لـها شكـوك كثـيرة ‪ ،‬وعـندمـا بدأت احلــرب لم يكـن قـد‬
‫انقضـى زمن طويل علـى حصولـه على املؤهـالت الالزمة ‪ ،‬وكان يـسعى لزيـادة خبرته‬
‫بـالتنقل بني مـستشفـيات مختـلفة ليعـرض خدمـاته ‪ ،‬وبعد فتـرة أرسل إلى فـرنسا ‪،‬‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪141‬‬

‫وهناك اكتـشف أنه يتمتع بقدرات خاصـة ‪ ،‬منها أنه ميكن أن يقضـى على آالم معينة‬
‫بلمـسة من يديه الباردتني احلازمتني ‪ ،‬وأنه يستطـيع باحلديث مع الرجال الذين يعانون‬
‫من األرق أن يسـاعدهـم فى حـاالت كثـيرة علـى النـوم ‪ .‬كان حــديثه بـطيئـاً وصـوته‬
‫خـاليـاً من أى خـاصيـة مميـزة ونبـراته ثـابتـة ال تتغيـر بتغيـر ألفـاظه ‪ ،‬لكنـها كـانت‬
‫مـوسيقية وهـادئة ‪ -‬وكان يقـول لهم ‪ :‬إنهم البد أن ينـشدوا الراحـة وأن يتخلصوا من‬
‫القلق وأن ينـاموا ‪ ،‬وكانت الراحة تتسلل فعالً إلى عـظامهم املتعبة وهمومهم يقصيها‬
‫الهـدوء ‪ ،‬مثل من يجد لنفسه مـكانا للجلوس علـى مقعد مزدحم ‪ ،‬فـيدلف النوم إلى‬
‫أجفانهم املتعبة كـرذاذ املطر الذى يتساقط علـى األرض فى الربيع ‪ .‬ووجد الدكتور (‬
‫أودلني ) أنه يستـطيع بالتحـدث إلى هؤالء بـصوته اخلفيض ‪ ،‬وبـالنظر إلـيهم بعينيه‬
‫الهادئتني الـشاحبتـني ‪ ،‬وبلمس جبهـاتهم املتعبـة بيديه احلـازمتني الطـويلتني أن يزيل‬
‫همـومهم ‪ .‬وكان أحيـاناً يشفـى بعض احلاالت بطـريقة أروع من أن تنتمـى إلى القدرة‬
‫الطبيعيـة ‪ ،‬منها أنه رد القدرة على الكالم لرجل فقـد النطق بعد أن ظل مدفوناً حتت‬
‫ركام جنم عن أحـد االنفجارات ‪ ،‬كمـا رد القدرة عـلى احلركـة لرجل آخـر شلت أطرافه‬
‫بعد إسقاط طائـرته ‪ ،‬ومع ذلك فلم يكن دكتور ( أودلـني ) يفهم كنه قدراته ‪ .‬ويقال‬
‫فـى مثل هـذه الظـروف إن ( شـرط النجـاح ) األول هـو أن تـؤمن بـذاتك ‪ ،‬لكـنه لم‬
‫يستـطـع مطـلقاً أن يـؤمـن بقـدراتـه اإلميان الـكامل ‪ ،‬وإن كـانت نتـائج عملـه واضحة‬
‫جلية لكل إنسان ‪ ،‬مما جعله يعترف بأنه يتمـتع بقدرة غريبة على القيام بأشياء يعجز‬
‫عن تفسيرها ‪.‬‬

‫لورد ماوندراجو ‪ -‬تأليف سومرست موم ( الطبعة املبسطة )‬

‫***‬
‫‪142‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫توم سوير‬
‫مارك توين‬
‫بينما كـان مير باملنزل الـذى يقطنه ‪P‬يف ثاتشـر رأى فى حديقته فتـاة لم يرها من‬
‫قبل ‪ .‬كانت صغيـرة وجميلة وذات عينني زرقاوين وضفائر طويلة من الشعر األصفر ‪،‬‬
‫وفى احلال تالشى من قلب توم طيف الفتاة إميى لورانس متاماً ‪.‬‬

‫ظـل توم يـنظر لهـذه الفتاة اجلـديدة فـى ولـه حتى الحـظ أنها اكتـشفت وجوده ‪،‬‬
‫فتـظاهـر بأنـه لم يلحظهـا وبدأ فـى سلسلـة من احلركـات الصبـيانيـة البلهـاء ليحـظى‬
‫بإعجابها ‪ ،‬وبينما هو منهمك فى ألعابه اخلطرة نظر بطرف عينه فرأى الفتاة الصغيرة‬
‫تتجه نحـو املنـزل ‪ ،‬فنهـض إلى سـور املنـزل واستـند إلـيه آمالً أن تبقـى الفـتاة بـرهة‬
‫أخرى‪ ،‬وتنهـد مبجرد أن وطـأت قدمهـا عتبة الـباب ‪ ،‬ولكن وجهه أشـرق بالفـرح حلظة‬
‫عندما ألقـت بوردة من فوق الـسور قبل أن تختفـى مباشرة ‪ ،‬فـأسرع الصبـى إلى هذا‬
‫الكنز ‪ ،‬والتقط الوردة ووضعها فى ياقة سترته بالقرب من قلبه ‪ ،‬أو رمبا قرب معدته‬
‫ألنه لم يكن يستطيع حتديد مكان كل منهما على وجه الدقة ‪.‬‬

‫وطـوال فترة العـشاء كان تـوم فى غايـة السعادة ممـا دفع عمته إلى الـتساؤل عن‬
‫السبب ‪ ،‬وعندمـا نهرته ألنه قذف (سِيد) بقطع من الطني لـم يبال بذلك ‪ ،‬فيما يبدو‪،‬‬
‫على اإلطالق ‪ ،‬وحاول أن يخـتلس بعض السكر فى غفلة عن عمته ؛ فضربته بامللعقة‬
‫على أصابعه ‪.‬‬

‫فقال تـوم ‪ X :‬عمتـى ! إنك ال تضـربني (سِيـد) عندمـا يأخـذ السكـر ! ‪ Z‬فردت‬
‫عليـه قائـلة ‪ :‬إن أمـر ( سِيـد ) ال يشغلـنى بـقـدر مـا يشغلـنى أمـرك أنت ؛ فلـو لم‬
‫أراقبك ما توقفت عن اختالس السكر ! ‪. Z‬‬

‫وهنـا ابتـسم ( سيـد ) ابـتسـامـة الـرضـا عن نفـسه ‪ ،‬وعنـدمـا ذهـبت العجـوز‬

‫إلى املطبـخ مد يده إلـى إناء السـكـر ‪ ،‬ولكن أصابعه انـزلقت فوقع اإلنـاء وانكسر ‪،‬‬
‫فجاء الدور على توم ليبتـسم ولكنه أمسك لسانه ‪ ،‬وظل صامتاً وقال فى نفسه ‪ :‬إنه‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪143‬‬

‫ينـطق بكلمـة واحدة ‪ ،‬حـتى بعـد عودة عمـته ‪ ،‬بل سيظـل فـى مجلســه ساكنـاً حـتى‬
‫تسـأل عمن كسـر اإلناء ‪ ،‬وعندئذ سيخبرها ‪ ،‬ثم يـستمتع برؤية هذا الولد املثالى وهو‬
‫يتلقـى علقة سـاخنة ‪ ،‬ولـذلك متلكته الغبـطة حتـى لم يستـطع أن يبقى سـاكنا عنـدما‬
‫عـادت املرأة الـعجوز ووقفـت إلى جـانب حـطام اإلنـاء تنظـر نظـرات غاضـبة مـن فوق‬
‫نـظارتهـا ‪ .‬وعندئـذ قال تـوم لنفسه ‪ X :‬اآلن سـتضرب سـيد ‪ Z‬ولم تـكد متضـى حلظة‬
‫واحدة حتى وجد نـفسه ملقى على األرض وعـندما رفعت العمـة يدها لتضـربه ثانية ‪،‬‬
‫صاح توم ‪ X :‬رويدك ! ملاذا تضربيننى ? إن (سيد) هو الذى كسره ‪. Z‬‬

‫توقفت العمـة بولى فـى حيرة بينمـا نظر إليهـا توم يستـعطفها ‪ ،‬ولكنهـا عندما‬
‫أفاقـت من دهشـتها لـم تزد عـن قولهـا ‪ X :‬على أى حـال أنا مـتأكـدة أنك تـستحق‬
‫الضرب ‪ ،‬فال شك أنك عدت ‪ X‬للشقاوة ‪ Z‬أثناء وجودى فى املطبخ ‪. Z‬‬

‫ولكنـها بـدأت تشـعر بـوخز الـضميـر ‪ ،‬وأرادت أن تقـول شيئـاً ينم عـن العطف‬
‫واحلـب‪ ،‬ولكنهـا رأت أن تـوم سيفـهم كالمهـا علـى أنه اعتـراف بخـطئهـا ‪ ،‬وأصـول‬
‫التـأديب ال تسـمح بذلـك ‪ .‬ولذلك لـزمت الـصمت واستـأنفت أعـمالهـا املنـزليـة بقلب‬
‫مهموم ‪ .‬أما توم فجلـس مكتبئاً فى أحـد األركان يغالب أحزانه ‪ ،‬وكـان يراها بعينيه‬
‫الدامعـتني وهى تـرمقه بنظـرات حانيـة من وقت آلخـر تسـأله الصفح ‪ ،‬ولكـنه أبى أن‬
‫يبالى بها ‪ ،‬ثم تخيل نفسه مُسجـى على فراش املوت ‪ ،‬وقد انحنت عليه عمته ترجوه‬
‫أن ينطق بكلمة واحدة يعلن فيها الصفح عنها ‪ ،‬وقال فى نفسه إنه سوف يحول وجهه‬
‫نحو احلـائط حتـى ميوت دون أن ينـطق بتلك الكـلمة ‪ .‬تُـرى ما الـذى سوف تـشعر به‬
‫آنذاك ? ثم تخيل نـفسه محموالً إلى املنـزل ميتا بعد أن غـرق فـى النهر ‪ ،‬وقد ابتلت‬
‫خصالت شعره ‪ ،‬وسكنت يـداه البائستان إلى األبـد ‪ ،‬وكَفَّ قلبه الكسير عن النبض ‪،‬‬
‫عـندئذ سـترمتى عـمته فوقه ‪ ،‬وتنهـمر دموعهـا كاملطـر ‪ ،‬وتطلب من اهلل أن يـرد إليها‬
‫الغالم الـذى حتبه ‪ ،‬وتقطع عـلى نفسهـا عهداً بـأال تسىء معـاملته مطلقـاً بعد ذاك ‪،‬‬
‫ولكنه سـيظل جثة هامـدة باردة شاحبـة ال حراك فيها ‪ ،‬فـيا للصغير املـعذب البائس !‬
‫جاشت مـشاعره من جراء هذه األفكـار حتى أنه أخذ يبتلع ريقه مـرة تلو املرة بينما لن‬
‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫أغرورقت عيناه بالدموع التى سالت حتى تساقطت من طرف أنفه ‪.‬‬

‫استغرق توم فـى االستمتاع بحزنه إلـى درجة ال تسمح له بالتـرحيب بأى بهجة ‪.‬‬
‫ولذلك فعندمـا دخلت ابنة عمه ( مـارى ) تتراقص فـرحاً برجـوعها للبيـت بعد أسبوع‬
‫قضتـه فى الـريف نهـض ( توم ) وخـرج من البـاب ‪ ،‬فى جـو نفسـى يكتـنفه الظالم‬
‫والغيوم بـينما كانت ( مـارى ) قد أتت باألغانـى ونور الشمس مـن باب آخر ‪ .‬كانت‬
‫تعـاسة قلـبه تدفـعه إلى االنفـراد ‪ ،‬فهام علـى وجهه بعيـدا عن األمـاكن الـتى يلـتقى‬
‫عندها الصبيان ‪ .‬وإذ ذاك شاهد طوفاً خشبياً طويالً على صفحة النهر يدعوه لركوبه‪.‬‬

‫توم سوير ‪ -‬تأليف مارك توين ( الطبعة املبسطة )‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬

‫صانع املعجزات‬
‫هـ‪ .‬جـ ‪ .‬ويلز‬
‫زادت ممتلكـاته الشخـصية بفـضل األشياء اجلـديدة التـى صنعها لـنفسه ‪ ،‬ولكنه‬
‫كان يدرك ضرورة احلذر إذ رمبا يتساءل الناس كيف حصل على هذه األشياء ‪.‬‬

‫وبعد العـشاء خرج إلـى أحد الدروب الـريفية لتجـربة بعض املعجـزات بعيداً عن‬
‫األعني ‪ ،‬قرب مصنع الغاز ‪.‬‬

‫ورمبا كانت محاوالته ( لصنع املعجزات ) تفتقر إلى اإلبداع واجلدة ؛ ألنه السيد‬
‫( فذرجنـاى ) لم يكن يختلف كـثيراً عن اآلخـرين إال فى قـوة إرادته ‪ ،‬ومن ثم غرس‬
‫عصـاه فى األرض ‪ ،‬وأمر خشبها اجلـاف بأن ينبت أزهاراً ‪ ،‬وفى احلـال انتشر فى اجلو‬
‫شـذا الورود ‪ ،‬وعلى ضـوء عود كبريت رأى ( فـذرجناى ) أن هذه املعجـزة اجلميلة قد‬
‫متت بالفـعل ‪ ،‬ولكن إحساسه بـالرضا لـم يلبث أن انتهى عـندما سمع خـطوات تقترب‬
‫منه ‪ ،‬وملا كـان يخشى أن يكتـشف أحد سر قـواه ‪ ،‬أسرع يقول لـعصاه ‪ X :‬ارجعى ‪Z‬‬
‫وكان يقـصد بـذلك ‪ X‬ارجعى سـيرتك األولـى ‪ ، Z‬ولكن العـصا بـدالً من ذلك رجعت‬
‫إلى الـوراء بسرعـة كبيرة ‪ ،‬حتـى صدرت صيحـة غضب من الـشخص الذى يـدنو منه‬
‫وسمع صوتاً يقول ‪ X :‬على من تقذف بشجيرات الورد أيها األحمق ‪? Z‬‬

‫فـقال فذرجنـاى ‪ X :‬متأسف ‪ Z‬ثم رأى ( ويـنش ) ‪ ،‬أحد رجـال الشرطــة الثالثة‬
‫يتقـدم نحــوه ‪ ،‬ويسأله ‪ X :‬ماذا تقصد بهـذا التصرف ? ‪ Z‬آه ‪ ،‬إذن فهو أنت ‪ ،‬نفس‬
‫الرجل الذى كسر املصباح فى حانة ( لوجن دراجون ) ? ‪. Z‬‬

‫فـأجـابه فـوذرجنـاى ‪ X :‬لـم أقصـد أى إسـاءة ‪ ..‬لـم أقصـد أى شـىء علـــــى‬

‫اإلطــــالق ‪.Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬ملــاذا فعلت ذلك إذن? أال تـدرى أن هـذه العصـا مـؤملـة ? لـم فعلت ذلك ? ‪Z‬‬
‫ولكن ( فذرجناى ) لم يـستطع أن يجـد أى مبرر لذلك علـى الفور ‪ ،‬فلم يحر جواباً ‪،‬‬
‫‪146‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫ويبـدو أن صمته أغضب ( وينـش ) الذى قال له ‪ X :‬أيهـا الشاب إن مـا فعلته اليوم‬
‫هو اعتداء على الشرطة ‪ ...‬نعم ‪ ..‬اعتداء على الشرطة ‪. Z‬‬

‫فرد ( فـذرجناى ) فى غضب وارتباك قائال ‪ X‬اسمـعنى يا مستر (وينش) ‪ ..‬أنا‬

‫آسف جداً ‪ .‬والواقع أننى ‪. Z ..‬‬

‫‪ X‬تكلم ! انطق ! ‪. Z‬‬

‫ولكـن ( فذرجنـاى ) لم يـستطــع أن ينطـق بإجـابـة سـوى احلقيقـة فقـال ‪ :‬كنت‬

‫فى الـواقع أصنع مـعجزة ! ‪ .. Z‬وحـاول أن ينـزع عن كلمـاته نبـرة االهتمـام لكنه لم‬
‫يستطع‪.‬‬

‫‪ X‬تـصنع مــاذا ? اسمع ! كفـاك هــراء ‪ .‬تصـنع معجـرة ? يــا سالم ! معجـرة ?‬
‫هـــاهــا ‪ ..‬نكتة رائعة ! ألست أنـت الذى ال يؤمن باملعجزات ‪ ...‬الواقع أن هذه لعبة‬
‫من أالعيبك السخيفة ‪ .‬اسمع ما سأقوله لك ‪. Z ...‬‬

‫ولكن ( فذرجناى ) لم يسـمع ما كان ( وينش ) سيقـوله ‪ ،‬فقد أدرك أنه أفشى‬
‫سره للعالم بأسره ‪ ،‬فتـملكه الغضب ‪ ،‬والتفت إلى رجل الشرطـة فى سرعة وشراسة ‪،‬‬
‫وقال ‪ X :‬اسـمعنى أنت ! يكفـى ذلك ! سأريك اآلن لعبـة سخيفة ‪ :‬اذهب إلـى العالم‬
‫السفلى ‪ ..‬اذهب فوراً ! ‪ Z‬وعلى الفور اختفى الشرطى ‪.‬‬

‫ولـم يصنع ( فـذرجناى ) معجـزات أخرى فـى تلك الليلـة ‪ ،‬ولم يبـال مبعرفـة ما‬
‫حـدث لعصاه الـتى أنبتت الـورود ‪ ،‬فعاد إلى املـدينة فـى خوف ولكن بهـدوء شديد ‪،‬‬
‫ودخل غرفـة نومه قائالً ‪ X :‬يا إلهـى إنها موهبة جـبارة ‪ -‬موهبة بـالغـة القوة لـم أكن‬
‫أقصد استخدامها إلى هذا احلد حقاً ‪ .‬ترى ما هو العالم السفلى ? ‪. Z‬‬

‫وجلس ( فذرجناى ) علـى السرير ليخلع حذاءه ‪ ،‬وخـطرت بباله فكرة أسـعدته ‪،‬‬
‫فقام بنقـل رجـل الشرطـة إلى سـان فرانـسيسكـو ‪ ،‬ثم أوى إلى مخـدعه ‪ ،‬وبينمـا هو‬
‫نائم بالليل رأى فى أحالمه ( وينش ) غاضباً ‪.‬‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪147‬‬

‫وفـى صباح الـيوم التـالى سمع ( فـذرجناى ) نبـأين أثارا اهـتمامـه ‪ ،‬أولهما أن‬
‫شخصا مـا قد زرع شجـرة ورد متسلقـة بالغـة الروعـة بالقـرب من املنزل اخلـاص الذى‬
‫يقطن مســتر ( جومشــوط ) وثانيهما أن اجلميع يبحثون عن الشرطـى (وينش) ‪.‬‬

‫صانع املعجزات ‪ -‬تأليف هـ‪ .‬جـ‪ .‬ويلز ( الطبعة املبسطة )‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪148‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫نساء للبيع‬
‫جوزيف ماجنوت‬
‫يقول كثيرون إن السفر إحدى هواياتهم ‪ ،‬أما ( داجنوما ) فكان يرى أن أحداً لن‬
‫يـقول بأن السفـر متعة لو سـافر فى عـربة الدرجـة الثالثة الـتى كان يسـتقلها فى ذلك‬
‫الوقت‪.‬‬

‫كانت العـربة مكتـظة بأنـاس من كل نوع ‪ ،‬الطـويل والقصير والـنحيف والسمني‬

‫والصحيح واملريـض ‪ ،‬وكلهم يناضلون مـن أجل بقعة يضع فيها الـواحد منهم قدميه ‪،‬‬
‫أو حتـى قدمـاً واحدة دون أن يقـع ‪ ،‬فلم يكن ثـمة أمل فـى أن يجد أحـدهم مـقعدا ‪.‬‬
‫وكان طوال القامة يتـمتعون مبيزة واضحة عن اآلخريـن ‪ ،‬ألنهم يستطيعون مد أذرعهم‬
‫لـيقبضوا بـأيديهم علـى شبكة األمتعـة املثبتة فـى سقف العربـة ‪ ،‬مما جعلهـم يتمتعون‬
‫بقدر من الثبات يسمح لهم بدفع الباقني إلى اخللف ‪.‬‬

‫وكان داجنوما محظوظـا ألنه وجد ركنا كانت تشغله امـرأة ضخمة اجلسم متقدمة‬
‫فى السن ومن حـولها كومة من البـضائع املتواضعة التـى تتاجر فيها ‪ ،‬ممـا حماها هى‬
‫و( داجنوما ) من أن يـدهسهما اآلخرون بثقلهم ‪ .‬كانت تلك أول مرة يسافـــــر فيهـــــا‬
‫( داجنـوما ) بـالقطـار ‪ ،‬فشعـر بالـدهشـة بسـبب اجلو اخلـانق غيـر الصحـى الذى بلغ‬
‫أقصى درجاته هنا ‪ ،‬ولو أن محاولة مقاومة سحق الركاب له صرفت ذهنه عن محنته‪،‬‬
‫إذ شغل نفسه مبحاولة البقاء على قيد احلياة والنجاة من هذه الرحلة ‪.‬‬

‫نساء للبيع ‪ -‬جوزيف ماجنوت‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪149‬‬

‫حلول فصل اجلفاف‬

‫تشارلز ماجنوشى‬
‫رفع ( موسونى ) الـعجوز عينه املتربتني عن فـأسه وعن األرض احلجرية التى ال‬
‫تتغير والتـى كان يحرثهـا ‪ ،‬ثم رفع بصره إلى الـسماء ليشـاهد البقعة البـيضاء التى‬
‫قـطع صوتهـا حبـل أفكاره وصـرفه عن عمله ‪ ،‬وهـى تبتعـد عنـد حافـة السـماء الـتى‬
‫اصفـر لونها قـرب األفق‪ ،‬قبل أن تختفى بـسرعة خلف حـافة السمـاء صوب اجلنوب ‪.‬‬
‫فهز الرجـل رأسه ‪ ،‬واجته ببصره إلى الـغرب ‪ ،‬فرأى الشمـس على وشك الغروب ‪ ،‬ثم‬
‫نـظر إلـى األرض التـى لفحتهـا الشمـس ورأى الظالل تـزحف شرقـاً ‪ ،‬ويزداد طـولها‬
‫وتتالشـى معاملهـا فى كل حلظـة ترسل فيهـا الشمـس شعاعـا من أشعتهـا ‪ .‬كان دون‬
‫وعـى منه يتمـنى سقـوط املطـر والغوث ‪ ،‬فـانحنـى على عـمله مرة أخـرى فلم يـر ابنه‬
‫(نهامو) وهو يقترب منه ‪.‬‬

‫قبع ( نهـامو ) علـى التراب علـى مقربـة من والده وحيَّـاه ‪ ،‬فرفع العجـوز ظهره‬
‫قليالً مستندا إلى فأسه ‪ ،‬ثم صرح له مبا ظل يثقل كاهله طوال اليوم ‪:‬‬

‫‪ X‬ألم تغير رأيك ? ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬كال يا أبى ‪. Z‬‬

‫ثم مـرت حلظـة مـن الصـمت أزال خاللهـا ( مـوسـونـى ) العجـوز الـطني العـالق‬
‫بفأسه‪.‬‬

‫‪ X‬هل فكرت فى املوضوع يا ولدى ? ‪Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬على مدى أسابيع يا والدى ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬وتعتقد أن ذلك هو السبيل الوحيد ? ‪Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬وال سبيل غيره ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫فأحس الـعجوز بالغضب يتملـكه من جديد ‪ ،‬ولكن هذا آخـر يوم يتحدث فيه مع‬
‫ابنه‪ ،‬فإذا كان ابنه سـوف يرحل فيجب أالّ يغضـب منه وإال كان ذلك مبثابـة لعنة على‬
‫االبن ‪.‬‬

‫حلول فصل اجلفاف ‪ -‬تشارلز ماجنوشى‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪151‬‬

‫مويبنزا السفاح‬
‫مارتا ميرينجى‬
‫كان فـى إحدى القـرى رجل شريـر جداً اسمه مـويبنزا يلقـى الرعب فـى قلوب كل‬
‫من مير بـتلك القريــة بسـبب أعـمال التعـذيب والقتل التـى يرتكـبها ‪ ،‬فقـد كان بحق‬
‫مخلوقاً مقيتاً يبغضه كل القرويني اآلخرين الذين كانوا يعيشون فى خوف دائم منه ‪.‬‬
‫وكان من عـادة مويبنـزا أن يجلس فـوق صخــرة على الطـريق الرئيـسى ( املؤدى‬
‫للقريـة ) وفى يده بعـض العصى الطـويلة احلادة ‪ ،‬ومطـرقة ‪ ،‬واضعاً مـنجله اإلفريقى‬
‫احلاد عند قدميه ‪ ،‬وكان يضع بجواره إنـاء به ثمار فاكهة ‪ ،‬ووعاء الطعام الذى تأتى‬
‫به زوجته إليه ‪ .‬فـإذا مر به مسافر قـدم من مكان بعيد انقض علـيه وضربه بالعصا ‪،‬‬
‫وكان بعد ذلك يثبت ضحيته فى األرض مستخـدماً إحدى حرابه احلادة ‪ ،‬ثم يدق أحد‬
‫طـرفى احلـربة فـى رأس الضحيـة ‪ ،‬والطرف اآلخـر بني رجليه ‪ ،‬وهكـذا لقى كثـير من‬
‫املسافـرين غير احلـريصني حـتفهم بأسلـوب عنيف ومـؤلم ‪ ،‬فإذا وافق أحـدهم على أن‬
‫يصبح مـساعداً له جنا من هذا العذاب ‪ ،‬ولكنهم كـانوا جميعاً يفضلون املوت على أن‬
‫يصبحوا شركاء لهذا القاتل ‪.‬‬
‫مويبنزا السفاح ‪ -‬تأليف مارتا ميرينجى‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪152‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫مزرعة احليوانات‬
‫‪P‬ور‪ P‬أورويل‬
‫قالت كلوفر ‪:‬‬

‫‪ X‬ميورييل ‪ ،‬اقرئـى على الوصيـة الرابعة ‪ ،‬أليـس بها شىء عن حتـرمي النوم فى‬
‫السرير ? ‪. Z‬‬

‫فقـرأت ميـورييل الـوصيـة بصعـوبـة ثم قـالت ‪ :‬تقـول الـوصيـة ‪ X :‬ممنـوع نـوم‬

‫احليوانات فى أسرة عليها مالءات ‪. Z‬‬

‫والغـريب أن كلـوفـر لم تـكن تتـذكـر أن الـوصيـة الـرابعـة أشـارت إلـى مالءات‬

‫الـسرير‪ ،‬ولكن مـا دامت الوصيـة معلقة على احلـائط فالبد أنهـا كانت تشــير إليها ‪.‬‬
‫وفـى هـذه اللحـظة تصـادف أن مر اخلـنزير املـدعو (سكويلر) بـصحبة كلبني أو ثالثة ‪،‬‬
‫ومن ثم وضع املسألة برمتها فى منظورها الصحيح ‪.‬‬

‫قـال (سكويلر) ‪ X‬أيها الرفـاق أراكم قد سمعتم أننا معشـر اخلنازير ننام اآلن فى‬
‫أسرَّة بيـت املـزرعة ! ومـا املانـع ? إنكم ال تفـترضـون ‪ ،‬قـطعاً ‪ ،‬وجود حـكم مبنع النوم‬
‫فى األسرَّة ? فـما السريـر إال مكان الرقـاد ‪ ،‬فكومة القـش فى الربط مثالً تُـعد سريراً‬
‫باملعنـى الدقيق ‪ .‬ولـكن القانـون مينع استخـدام املالءات باعـتبارهـا اختراعـاً بشـرياً ‪،‬‬
‫ولذلك فقـد أزلنا املالءات من أسـرَّة بيت املزرعـة ‪ ،‬واآلن ننام بـني البطاطـني ‪ ،‬ويا لها‬
‫من أسرَّة مريحة ! ولكنى أؤكد لـكم أنها ال تعطينا من الراحـة أكثر مما نحـتاج ‪ ،‬أيها‬
‫الرفاق ‪ ،‬إزاء كل اجملهـود الذهنـى الذى نضطـر لبذله هـذه األيام ‪ ،‬فهل حترمـوننا من‬
‫راحتنا أيهـا الرفـاق ? كال ‪ .‬أترضـون لنا اإلرهـاق الذى ميـنعنا أداء واجبـاتنا ? كال ‪،‬‬
‫فأنا على ثقة أن أحداً منكم ال يرغب فى عودة (جونز) ‪? Z‬‬

‫ولم تتوان احلـيوانات فـى بث الطمـأنينة فـى قلب (سكويلـر) بشأن تلـك القضية‬
‫بالذات‪ ،‬وانتهـى احلديث عن نوم اخلنازير فى أسـرَّة بيت املزرعة ‪ ،‬وعندما صدر إعالن‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪153‬‬

‫بعـد بضعـة أيام يـقول ‪ :‬إن اخلـنازيـر ستـنهض مـن نومـها بـعد سـاعة مـن استيـقاظ‬
‫احليوانات األخرى ‪ ،‬لم يقدم أحد أى شكوى من ذلك ‪.‬‬

‫وعنـدما حل فـصل اخلريف كـانت احلـيوانـات سعيـدة وإن أصابهـا التعـب ‪ ،‬فقد‬
‫مرت بهم ســنة شاقـة ‪ ،‬وبعد بيع جـزء من الدريـس والقمح لم يكن اخملـزون من طعام‬
‫الشتـاء كثيراً ‪ ،‬ولكن طاحونـة الهواء كانت تعويضـاً لهم عن كل شىء ‪ ،‬فقد مت بناء‬
‫نصفهـا تقريباً ‪ ،‬وأعقـب احلصاد فترة من الـوقت صفا فيها اجلـو وانقطع املطر فجدت‬
‫احليوانات فى العمل أكثر من أى وقـت مضى ‪ ،‬العتقادهم أنه من األفضل أن يكدوا‬
‫جيئة وذهاباً طوال اليوم حاملني قطع األحجار كيماً تعلو جدران الطاحونة قدماً آخر ‪.‬‬

‫بل إن (بوكـسر) كان يـأتى فى الـليل ليعمل ساعـة أو ساعتني وحـده على ضوء‬
‫القمـر السـاطع فى مـوسم احلصـاد ‪ .‬وفى أوقـات الفراغ كـانت احليـوانات تـدور حول‬
‫الطـاحونة نصف املكـتملة ‪ ،‬معجبة بـقوتها وجدرانهـا العمودية ‪ ،‬وتـدهش من قدرتها‬
‫على بناء مثل هـذا البناء الشامخ ‪ ،‬ولم يكن أحـد يفتقر إلى احلماس بـشأن الطاحونة‬
‫سـوى (بنيـامني) العجوز الـذى لم يكن كعـادته يزيـد عن قوله الـذى يشبه اللغـز بأن‬
‫احلمير تعيش طويالً ‪.‬‬

‫ثم جاء شهر نـوفمبر وجاءت معه الرياح اجلنوبية الغربية الهائجة ‪ ،‬فتوقف البناء‬
‫لتعـذر خلط األسمنت لشدة الـرطوبة ‪ ،‬وأخيرآً وفـى ليلة من الليالـى اشتدت العاصفة‬
‫حتى اهتـزت مبانـى املزرعة مـن أساساتهـا ‪ ،‬وأطاحت العـاصفة بكثيـر من البالطات‬
‫التى تكسـو سقف اجلرن ‪ ،‬فأستيقظت الدجاجات تصرخ رعباً ألنها جميعاً سمعت فى‬
‫احللم وفى آن واحد صوت طلق نارى على مبعدة منها ‪.‬‬

‫مزرعة احليوانات ‪P -‬ور‪ P‬أورويل‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫حلظة فى الزمن‬
‫هـ‪ .‬إ‪ .‬بيتس‬
‫‪ X‬مسـاء اخلير أيـها السـادة ‪ ،‬أرجوكم مـن أعماق قلـبى أن تسـامحــونـى فـــرداً‬
‫فـــرداً ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬لكننا نرفض ! امض من هنا ! ‪. Z‬‬

‫فقـال ‪X :‬دعونـى أعرفـكم بنفـسى‪ Z‬ونـظرات عـينيه ال حتـول عنـى وتنفـذ إلى‬
‫أعماقى ‪ ،‬ولم أكن قد شهدت فى حياتى مثل ثباتها وتغلغلها ‪.‬‬

‫وهنـا قال ( بيل ) ‪ X :‬هـذا مع األسف هو الكـونت دميتريـوف ميخائيل سـيرجى‬

‫زالوسكى ‪.‬‬

‫هذه هى اآلنسة إليزابيث كارترايت ‪ ،‬وهذا هو الكونت ‪. Z‬‬

‫وعندئذ نظر إلىَّ وقد ارتسمت على وجهه ابتسامة ساحرة أخاذة ‪ ،‬وانحنى وقبَّـل‬
‫يدى ‪.‬‬

‫فصاح اجلميع ‪X :‬كالم فارغ ‪ ..‬كالم فارغ ! ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪X‬لـى عـظيـم الشـرف ‪ ،‬وأنـا فـى غـايـة الـسعــادة والسـرور للقـائك يــا آنســـــة‬
‫كارترايت ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬كالم فارغ ! كالم فارغ ! ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬ال تبدو عليك املالمح املعتادة لإلجنليز يا آنسة كارترايت ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬إذا كان من حقى أن أقول ذلك ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬ملاذا ? بل أنا إجنليزية قحة ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬ولكنـك تشبهـني بنـات بالدى ‪ ،‬فيما يبـدو ‪ ،‬أكثر من اإلجنليزيات ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪155‬‬

‫‪ X‬وما هى بلدك ? ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬بولندا ‪. Z‬‬

‫فقلت ‪ X :‬ال أنا إجنليزية جداً ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬وهذا أفضل ‪ ،‬أفضل بكثير جداً ‪. Z‬‬

‫وهنا تـنهد الضبـاط الثالثة اآلخـرون تنهداً مفتعالً وفـى نفس الوقـت ‪ ،‬إذ كانوا‬
‫يريدونـه أن يعـرف أن متثيله لدوره بارع ‪ ..‬متثيل فى غايـة البراعة ‪.‬‬

‫‪ X‬يسعدنى جداً أن أحظى بهذا التقدير ‪. Z‬‬

‫‪ X‬كالم فارغ ! كالم فارغ ! ‪. Z‬‬

‫ثم قـال الكـونـت ‪X ،‬واسمحـى لـى أن أقـول ‪ :‬إن اجلمــال ال يكمـن دائمـاً فـى‬
‫السلـوك‪ ، Z‬ووجه نظـرة مبـاشرة إلـى صدرى نـصف املكشـوف حتـى شعرت كـأمنا ال‬
‫أرتدى ثوباً على اإلطالق ‪.‬‬

‫وهكـذا قضينـا اجلزء األول من األمسـية فى املـزاح ‪ ،‬وال أدرى كم كأسـاً تناولت‬
‫من الـشراب ‪ ،‬وال عـدد الضـباط اآلخـرين الـذين قـابلتهم بعـد ذلك ‪ ،‬ولكننـى بدأت‬
‫أشعر مع هبوط ظـالم تلك األمسية من أمـاسى الربيع أن ذلك املـزيج األخضــــر الذى‬
‫ال ضير منه قد بـدأ يتسلل إلى داخلى فى دوائر متـرنحة تبعث احلرارة فى أوصالى ‪،‬‬
‫فبـدأت أحـس أننـى فـى غـايـة البهجـة ‪ ،‬وحملـت من وقت آلخـر جـدتـى عبـر احلجـرة‬
‫املزدحـمة‪ ،‬وقد أصبحت هى األخرى فـى غاية البهجة وقد الـتف حولها بعض الضباط‬
‫اآلخرين ليسمعوا حـديثها ‪ .‬وكانت الضحكـات التى يضحكونهـا على أقوالها أعلى‬
‫فيمـا يبـدو من ضحـكاتهـم على مـا أقول ‪ ،‬بل لقـد كان املكـان يفيض بـالضـحكات‬
‫الرنانة فكأمنا كنا نحتفل بانتهاء احلرب ال ببدايتها ‪.‬‬

‫ومع اللحـظات األخيرة من الغسق كان احلفل يطن كخلية نحل مقلوبة رأساً على‬
‫عقب ‪ ،‬فكنـت تسمع من وقت آلخر صـوت كأس ينكسـر على األرض ‪ ،‬ثم فقدت كل‬
‫‪156‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫إحساس بالزمن ‪ ،‬وبني الفينة والفينة كانت شوارب ( بيل أوجيلفى ) تختفى بطريقة‬
‫غامضة وحتل محلها شوارب أخرى بنفس الغموض ‪ .‬وذات مرة ظهر بيل وقبل شفتىَّ‬
‫فى اندفـاق مفاجئ من العـاطفة معلنـاً أنه سيظل مخلـصاً لى إلـى األبد ‪ ،‬ثم تـركنى‬
‫بسرعة ملتـفتاً إلى فتاة ناهدة شقـراء صغيرة اجلسم ترتدى فسـتاناً ضيقاً أسود اللون‬
‫وجتلس على أحد كراسى البار ‪ .‬وقد شجعت هذه القبلة اثنني من الضباط ال أعرفهما‬
‫مطـلقاً علـى تقبـيلى‪ ،‬ولكـنها كـانت قبالت عـارضة علـى اجلبني ‪ ،‬األمـر الذى شجع‬
‫الكونـت بدوره علـى أن ميس فخـذى األمين مسـاً رفيقـاً سائالً إيـاى أن أمنحه عـظيم‬
‫الشـرف بتناول العشاء معه فى اللـيلة التالية ? فشكرتـه قائلة ‪ :‬إننى قد تلقيت ست‬
‫دعـوات أخرى من قبل وإنـنى سأحـاول أن أرتب جدول مـواعيدى فـى الصباح الـتالى‬
‫وإن لم يكن لدى فى احلقيقة مفكرة أثبت فيها مواعيدى آنذاك ‪.‬‬

‫‪ X‬فقال الكونت ‪X :‬لم أر أجمل منك من قبل ! ‪ Z‬وقـرصنى فى أعلى الفخـذ ثم‬
‫ضغـط بوجهـه على أذنى قائالً ‪ :‬لم أر أجمل منك أبداً ‪ ،‬أبداً ‪. Z‬‬

‫والبـد أنـنا كنا فـى احلــادية عـشرة أو بعــد ذلـك عندما تـنبهت إلى أن ( بيل )‬
‫و( ماترز ) قـد رحال ‪ ،‬ثم سمعت صـياحاً عـاصفاً مفاجـئاً ‪ ،‬وتهليالً من خـارج املنزل‬
‫كأنها مباراة كرة قدم ‪.‬‬

‫فقـال ( سبلودج ) ‪ X :‬سيبدأ املرح واأللعاب ‪ Z‬وجذبنى بعيداً عن الكونت الذى‬

‫اعتراه الـكدر وحملنى خارج املنـزل إلى الشرفة التـى جتمع بها حوالى عـشرين ضابطاً‬
‫أو أكثـر ‪ ،‬وقـد وقف بعـضهم علـى الـدرابــزين احلجــرى ‪ ،‬وجعل جمـيعهم يـرفعـون‬
‫أنظارهم إلى واجهة املنزل األمامية ‪.‬‬

‫حلظة من الزمن ‪ -‬تأليف هـ‪ .‬إ‪ .‬بيتس‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪157‬‬

‫قصة انتشار الذعر‬

‫أ‪ .‬م‪ .‬فورستر‬
‫تـبدأ حياة يـوستيس العمليـة ‪ ،‬إن جاز تسـميتها حيـاة عملية ‪ ،‬منـذ عصر ذلك‬
‫اليوم فى غابة الكستناء املشرفـة على رافيلو ‪ ،‬والبد أن أقر بداية بأننى رجل بسيط‬
‫عادى ‪ ،‬وال أزعم أن لى بـاعاً فى استخدام األسلوب األدبـى ‪ ،‬ومع ذلك فأنا أتباهى‬
‫بقـدرتى على قص القصـص دون مبالغة ‪ ،‬ولذلك قـررت أن أروى بعض األحداث غير‬
‫العادية التى وقعت منذ ثمانى سنوات دون حتيز ‪.‬‬

‫متتاز منطقة رافيلو بطبيعتها اجلميلة ‪ ،‬وبالفندق الصغير الرائع الذى التقينا فيه‬
‫بـبعض الشخـصيات اجلـذابة ‪ ،‬فكـانت هنـاك آنسـتان من أسـرة روبنسـون وكانتـا قد‬
‫قضيتا فـى الفندق ستة أسابيع مع يـوستيس ابن أخيهما قبل وصـولنا ‪ ،‬وكان عندئذ‬
‫صبياً فى الرابعـة عشــرة من عمـره ‪ ،‬ومسـتر ( ساندبـاخ ) الذى كان قد قضى هناك‬
‫أيـضاً بعـض الوقـت ‪ ،‬وهو قـس سابق فـى شمـال اجنلتـرا ‪ ،‬اضطـر لالستقـالة بـسبب‬
‫اعتالل صحـته ‪ ،‬وقد تـولى خالل فـترة إقـامته فـى رافيلـو مهمـة تعليـم يوسـتيس ‪،‬‬
‫الذى كان مستواه فى حال يرثى لها ‪ ،‬وكان مستر ( ساندباخ ) يحاول تأهيله لدخول‬
‫إحدى املـدارس اخلاصة(*) املـمتازة ‪ .‬ومن هؤالء األشخـاص أيضاً فنان نـاشئ يدعى‬
‫مستر ليالند ‪ ،‬وأخـيرآً صاحبة الـفندق الطيبة الـسنيورة (سكافيـتى) والنادل الطيب‬
‫الذى يتحـدث اإلجنليزيـة (عمانـويل) ‪ ،‬والذى كان مـسافراً لـزيارة أبيه املـريض إبان‬
‫الفترة التى أحتدث عنها ‪.‬‬

‫وقد انضممـنا أنا وزوجتى وابنتـاىّ االثنتان لتلك الدائـرة الصغيرة ‪ ،‬وأعتقد أن‬
‫انضمـامنـا قوبـل بالـترحـاب ‪ ،‬وعلـى الرغـم من أننـى ارحتت إلـى معظم أفـراد تلك‬
‫اجلمـاعة ‪ ،‬فقد نفـرت من اثنني منهم بـالذات ‪ ،‬وهما الـرسام ليالند ‪ ،‬ويـوستيس ابن‬
‫أخى اآلنستني روبنسون ‪.‬‬

‫(* ) الحظ أن ‪ Public‬هنا تشير إلى املـدارس اخلاصة للطبقة األرستوقـراطية على عكس ما يفهم‬
‫من الكلمة‪.‬‬
‫‪158‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫ذلك أن ليـالند كـان مغـروراً بغيـضاً ‪ ،‬ولـن أُفَصِّل القـول فى ذلـك اآلن ألن هذه‬
‫الصفـات ستتضح مبـا يكفى فـيما سـأرويه ‪ .‬أما يـوستيـس فكان إلـى جانـب اتصافه‬
‫بهاتني الصفتني شخصاً منفراً بدرجة ال توصف ‪.‬‬

‫مجموعة قصص قصيرة ‪ -‬من تأليف أ‪ .‬م‪ .‬فورستر‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪159‬‬

‫ذئب األحراش‬
‫هيرمان هسِّه‬
‫يحـتوى هـذا الكـتاب عـلى الـسجالت التـى خلفـها لـنا رجـل كان يـعرف بـذئب‬
‫األحراش وفق التعبير الذى كثيراً ما أطلقه هو على نفسه ‪ ،‬وقد تكون هذه اخملطوطة‬
‫فى غيـر حاجة إلى مالحظـات متهيدية ‪ ،‬ولكننى أرى ضـرورة إضافة بعض الصفحات‬
‫إلى مـا كتبه ذئب األحـراش أحاول فيهـا تسجيل خـواطرى عنه ‪ ،‬ولـو أن معلومـاتى‬
‫عنه مـحدودة ‪ ،‬بل إنـنى ال أعـرف شيـئاً عـلى اإلطالق عـن ماضـيه أو أصله ‪ ،‬ولكن‬
‫شخصيته رغم ذلك تركت انطباعاً عميقاً وإحساساً بالتعاطف معه ‪.‬‬

‫منذ بضعـة سنوات زار ذئب األحراش الذى كان علـى مشارف اخلمسني من عمره‬
‫آنذاك عمـتى ليـطلب استـئجار غـرفة مفـروشة ‪ ،‬فـاستأجـر الغرفـة العلويـة بالـطابق‬
‫العلوى وغـرفة الـنوم اجملـاورة لها ‪ ،‬ثـم عاد بعـد يوم أو يـومني بصنـدوقني لألمـتعة‬
‫وخزانة كتب كبيرة ‪ ،‬وأقام لدينا تسعة أشهر ‪ ،‬أو عشرة ‪ ،‬وكان يقيم وحده فى هدوء‬
‫شديد ‪.‬‬

‫ذئب األحراش ‪ -‬تأليف هيرمان هسِّه‬

‫* * *‬
‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫اآلنسة ‪P‬ني برودى فى ربيع العمر‬

‫ميورييل سبارك‬
‫وأعـتقد أنكن يجب أن تبـدأن فى هذه الـسنة الدراسيـة استخدام جمل كـاملة فى‬
‫الـرد على األسئلة ‪ ،‬يجب أن أحـاول أال أنسى هذه القـاعدة ‪ .‬واإلجابة الـسليمة هى ‪:‬‬
‫‪X‬إن الـنطق األنفى معناه أن يتحدث املرء مـن خالل أنفه‪ . Z‬وقالت الفتاة األمريكية ‪:‬‬
‫‪X‬تبدو الساحـة كأنها محجر بديع رائع‪ . Z‬نعم ‪ ،‬ذلك هـو املكان الذى كان املصارعون‬
‫يتصـارعون فيه ‪ ،‬وكانوا يصـيحون ‪ X :‬اجملد لقيصر ! إن أولـئك املشرفني على املوت‬
‫يحيونك ‪. Z‬‬

‫كانت اآلنسـة ‪P‬ني برودى ترتـدى فستانهـا البنى وتقف كـاملصارع الرومـانى وقد‬
‫رفعت ذراعهـا وبرقـت عينـاها كـما يـبرق الـسيف ‪ ،‬ثـم قالـت مرة أخـرى ‪ X :‬اجملد‬
‫لقيـصـــر ‪ ، Z‬والـتفتت بتـألق نحو ضـوء الشبـاك كمـا لو كـان قيصـر عنـد الشـباك‪،‬‬
‫ولكنهـا عادت تقول وهى تخفض ذراعها ‪X :‬من التى فتحت الشباك‪ Z‬فلم يرد أحد ‪،‬‬
‫فقالت اآلنسـة ‪P‬ني برودى ‪ X :‬أيا كـان اسم الفتاة التـى فتحت الشبـاك ‪ ،‬فقد فتحت‬
‫أكثـر مما يـنبغى‪ .‬إن الفـتحة التـى تكفى متـاماً هـى ست بوصـات ‪ ،‬أما أكـثر من ذلك‬
‫فهو سلـوك غير راق ‪ .‬املفـروض أن يدرك املـرء هذه األمـور بالفـطرة ‪ .‬يجب أن نـأخذ‬
‫اآلن درس التـاريخ طبقاً جلدول احلـصص ‪ .‬أخرجن كتب الـتاريخ وأسندنهـا بأيديكن ‪،‬‬
‫وسأخبـركن باملـزيد عـن أحوال إيطـاليا ‪ .‬الـتقيت هنـاك بشـاعر شـاب قرب نـافورة ‪.‬‬
‫إلـيكن صـورة للـقاء دانـتى وبـياتـريس ‪ .‬يـنطق اإليـطالـيون هـذا االسم بـياتـريشه ‪،‬‬
‫فيضفـون عليه جمـاالً آخاذًا ‪ .‬الـتقى بـها عنـد بونتـى ‪T‬يكيـو ‪ -‬أى اجلسـر القدمي ‪-‬‬
‫فأحبها من أول نظرة ‪ .‬مارى اعتدلى فى جلستك وال حتنى قامتك ‪.‬‬

‫كانت تلك حلظة سامية فى قصة حب سامية ‪ .‬من الذى رسم هذه اللوحة ?‬

‫لم يجب أحد ‪.‬‬

‫‪ X‬رسمها روزيتى ‪ .‬من هو روزيتى يا ‪P‬ينى ? ‪. Z‬‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬

‫فقالت ‪P‬ينى ‪ X :‬رسام ‪. Z‬‬

‫فنظرت إليها اآلنسة برودى فى شك ‪.‬‬
‫فأهرعت ساندى لنجدة ‪P‬ينى قائلة ‪ X‬وعبقرى أيضاً ‪. Z‬‬
‫فقالت اآلنسة برودى ‪X :‬وكان صديقاً لـ ‪. Z....‬‬
‫فقالت إحدى الفتيات ‪ X‬سوينبيرن ‪. Z‬‬
‫فـابتسمت اآلنـسة برودى وقـالت ‪ X :‬إنكن لم تـنسني ‪ ، Z‬ثم أدارت بصـرها فى‬
‫الغرفة وقالت ‪ X :‬سواء فى العـطالت أو فى وقت الدراسة ‪ . Z‬ثــــم أردفــــت قائلــــة‬
‫‪ X‬فلتبق كتبكن فى أيديكن خشية أن يتطفل علينا أحد آخر ‪ . Z‬وألقت نظرة استياء‬
‫على الباب ثم رفعت رأسها األنيق الداكن الشعر ذا املالمح الرومانية بتؤدة واعتزاز ‪.‬‬
‫وكانت دائـماً تقول لـلفتيات ‪ :‬إن ‪X‬هيـو‪ ، Z‬زوجها املتـوفى ‪ ،‬كان يعـرب عن إعجابه‬
‫مبالمحها الرومانية ‪.‬‬

‫ثم قالت ‪X :‬فى العام القـادم ستدرسن التاريخ والريـاضيات واللغات على أيدى‬
‫متخصصني ‪ ،‬فلكل مـادة مدرس ‪ ،‬واحلصة خـمس وأربعون دقيقـة لكل مادة ‪ ،‬ولكن‬
‫فـى هذه السـنة وهى آخـر سنة لكـن معى ستتلـقني حصاد شبـابى الذى سـيبقى معكن‬
‫طوال حيـاتكن ‪ ،‬ولكن البد أن أنتهـى أوالً من كشف احلضور والغـياب اليوم قبل أن‬
‫ننسى‪ .‬التحقت بالفصل فتاتان ‪ ،‬فلتقف الفتاتان اجلديدتان ‪.‬‬

‫فـوقفت الفتاتان وقد اتسعت عـيونهما بينما جلسـت اآلنسة برودى إلى مكتبها‪،‬‬
‫وأسندت قلمهـا على الـصفحة ثم قـالـــــــت ‪X :‬ســــوف تعتـــــادان عــــلى أسلـوبنــــا‪.‬‬
‫مـــــا ديـانتكما?‪ Z‬وفى هذه األثنـاء كانت طيور النورس اآلتيـة من خليج فورث تطير‬
‫فى دوائـر فوق املدرسـة بينما متـايلت ذوائب األشجار اخلـضراء وفروعهـا الذهبـية نحو‬
‫الشبابيك ‪.‬‬

‫أقبل أيها اخلريف الغارق فى الفكر ‪ ،‬بألوانك الصفراء الشاحبة ‪.‬‬

‫‪162‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫هدّئ من روعى قليالً ‪ ،‬فقد ارتعت ألنباء تداعى الطبيعية‬

‫هذان بيتـان من قصيدة للشاعـر روبرت بيرنز ‪ ..‬ثـم أغلقت اآلنسة برودى كشف‬
‫الغياب ‪ .‬أمـا اآلن فنحن فى منتصف الـثالثينيات من القرن العـشرين ‪ .‬عندى أربعة‬
‫أرطال من التفاح الوردى اللون فى مكتبى هدية من بستان مستر لوثر ‪ ،‬فلنأكله اآلن‬
‫قبل أن يهـبط علينـا رقيب ‪ ،‬ال ألن الـتفاح ليـس من اختصـاصى ولـكن ألن احلذر ‪-‬‬
‫احلذر ماذا يا ساندى ?‪. Z‬‬

‫‪X‬واجب يا مـس برودى‪ )*(Z‬ونظرت ساندى بعينيهـا الصغيرتني نحو مس برودى‬

‫وقد ضاقت عيناها قليالً ‪.‬‬

‫اآلنسة ‪P‬ني برودى فى ربيع العمر ‪ -‬تأليف ميورييل سبارك‬

‫* * *‬

‫(*) يقابل املثل العربى ‪X‬إن سوء الظن من حسن الفِطَن‪. Z‬‬
‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬ ‫‪163‬‬

‫بداية مفيدة‬

‫استبعدت كثيـر من الدوائر ‪ ،‬بعضهـا فى إسرائيل ‪ ،‬أن يسفـر اجتماع قمة امللك‬
‫احلسن الثـانى ملـك املغرب ‪ ،‬وشيمـون بيريـز رئيس وزراء إسـرائيل عن نتـائج مثمرة‬
‫حتـى قبل انتـهاء القمـة ‪ ،‬وذكر بعـضها أن امللك الـذى يتعرض لـضغط كبيـر يحاول‬
‫زيـادة رصيده الـسياسـى فى واشـنطن ‪ ،‬بيـنما يـسعى بيـريز الـذى يعانـى من ضعف‬
‫موقـفه الداخلـى إلى إحـداث فرقعـة دبلومـاسيـة تطيل مـدة بقائه فـى منصـب رئيس‬
‫الوزراء ‪ .‬وذكـر املراقـبون أن امللـك طلب من ضيـفه أن يوافق علـى اثنني من املـطالب‬
‫العـامـة للعـرب وهمـا ضـرورة تعـامل إسـرائـيل مع منـظمـة التحـريـر الفلـسطـينيـة‪،‬‬
‫وانـسحـابهـا من األراضــى احملتلـة ‪ ،‬ولكـن بيـريـز قـال ‪X :‬ال‪ .Z‬ورد امللك قـائالً ‪:‬‬
‫‪X‬مادمتم ترفضون هذه األولويات األساسية فالبد أن نتوقف ونفترق‪. Z‬‬

‫ولكن هل كان أحــد يتوقع أى تغيير ‪ X‬جوهرى ‪ Z‬فى مدى يومني فقط ? أو هل‬
‫ينتـظر أن يعمـل أى من الرجلني ضـد مصاحله الـسياسيـة ? ولكن االجتمـاع كانت له‬
‫فائـدته ‪ ،‬ولو اقتصـرت تلك الفائدة علـى إثبات أن ثمـة زعيماً عـربياً ثانـياً لديه من‬
‫الشجاعة والنـضج ما يجعله يقبل عقد اجتـماعات مباشرة ومُـعلنة مع إسرائيل ‪ ،‬بعد‬
‫مرور حـوالى عشر سنوات على رحلة أنور السـادات إلى القدس فبهذه الطريقة وحدها‬
‫يتحقق التقـدم الذى لـن يكون لـصالح اإلسـرائيليـني وحدهم ‪ ،‬فـهم يهتمـون اهتمـاماً‬
‫فائقـاً بإثبات أن فتح أيـة قناة بينهم وبني العـرب ستؤدى إلى أن يجنـى الطرف اآلخر‬
‫ثمار مجهوداته ‪.‬‬

‫وقـد أضيفـت بعض احلـركــات املسـرحيـة علـى اجلهـد الـذى بـذله امللك احلـسن‬
‫للتغطية السيـاسية ‪ ،‬من خالل اإليحاء بأن لـديه تكليفاً بهذه املهـمة من قبل اجلامعة‬
‫العربية ‪.‬‬

‫فبيـنما كـان يسـتقبل بيـريز عـند البـاب األمامـى ‪ ،‬كان من الـواضح أنه ينتهج‬
‫السيـاسة الـوطنيـة لدولـة ذات سيـادة وتتمتـع بوضع خـاص يتـطلب اتبـاع األسلوب‬
‫‪164‬‬ ‫‪An English-Arabic Interpretation Manual‬‬

‫املتحضر فـى التعامل مع إسرائيل رغم أن حالـة احلرب ما تزال قائمـة رسمياً بينهما ‪،‬‬
‫لكـنه ملا كـان امللك قـد قام بـرئاسـة اجتمـاع القمـة العربـية األخـيرة الـتى عقـدت فى‬
‫فــــــاس ‪ 1982‬فقد متكن بهـذه الصفة مـن تقدمي اقتراح الـسالم الذى اعتمـده اجتماع‬
‫القمة إلى بيريز ‪.‬‬

‫ولكن وجهـة النظر الرسـمية اإلسرائيليـة تقول إن سلبيات ذلـك االقتراح أكثر من‬
‫إيجابياته ‪ ،‬ولذلك لم تعقد أية مفاوضات بشأنه بعد عام ‪ 1982‬فى حدود ما نعلم ‪.‬‬
‫ومع ذلك فـإن بيـريز وافـق ‪ ..‬فى إطـار املسـاومات الـتى جـرت قبل اجتـماع املـغرب‬
‫وأثناء انعقـاده على وصف محـادثاتـه مع امللك بأنهـا مكرسـة أساسـاً لدراسـة مبادرة‬
‫فاس ‪ ،‬وهـى املوافقـة التى وردت فـى تصريح مـشترك كـانت األطراف املـعنية تـترقبه‬
‫بشغف ‪.‬‬

‫كانت عمليـة إقرار السالم بني العرب وإسـرائيل قد وصلت إلى أدنى مـستوياتها‬
‫بحيث لم يكن أى من الطرفني قادراً على جتاهـل أية احتماالت ولو كانت متواضعة ‪،‬‬
‫فالـسالم بني القدس والقاهرة باعتباره حلقة الوصل فى الصفقة التى حاول امللك حسني‬
‫عـاهل األردن أن يعـقدهـا مع يـاسر عـرفات رئـيس مـنظمـة التـحريـر الفلـسطـينيـة لم‬
‫يتحقـــق ‪ ،‬أما سـوريا التـى قطعت عالقـاتها مع املغـرب هذا األسبـوع فما تـزال تصر‬
‫على مـوقفها املتـصلب ‪ ،‬بينـما يبـدو أن الواليـات املتحدة تـراجعت عن مـركز الـدائرة‬
‫الدبلوماسية فـى املنطقة ‪ ،‬مما خيب آمال العرب وغيرهم ممن كانوا يعتبرون أن واشنطن‬
‫عــامل مـسـاعــد (حفــاز) له ضـرورتـه ‪ ،‬بيـنمــا أدى ذلك إلــى القـول بــأن العـرب‬
‫واإلسـرائيليني هم الذين يـتحملون مسئـولية إقـرار الـسالم بأنفسهم ‪ .‬ذلك هـو السياق‬
‫املضطـرب واحملـيّر الذى يجرى فيه لقاء املغرب ‪.‬‬
Deposit No : 5511
2001

I.S.B.N : 977-223-488-2