GRLWEAP-analysis

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Analysed by:
Teemu Riihimäki
Inspecta Tarkastus Oy
Hautalankatu 31
33560 Tampere
Finland
Tel +358 50 373 5333
E-mail [email protected]

Project: New liquid Jetty, Port of Sohar

Location: Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

GRLWEAP-ANALYSIS FOR
DRIVEN STEEL PIPE PILES

Pile types: OD914/25, OD1220/25, OD1520/25

Hammer types: Junttan HHK 16/20S

Inspecta Oy Address Business ID: 1787853-0

PL 113 Hautalankatu 31
00181 Helsinki 33560 Tampere
Puh. 010 521 600 www.inspecta.fi
Fax. 010 521 6211

Group headquarters: Inspecta Group Oy, Helsinki, Finland

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1. General
Inspecta Tarkastus Oy performed GRLWEAP-analysis for open-ended steel pipe piles. Analyses
were made with GRLWEAP program version 2010-4.
The aim of this analysis was to analyze the suitability of Junttan HHK 16/20S to the project.

2. Soil profiles
The soil model was made from geotechnical investigation report 12/5668/OM. Table 3 and 4
were used for modeling the soil profile suitable in general for all piles. See below tables 3 and 4
from Geotechnical investigation report.
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The soil is modeled in the GRLWEAP program by using bulk unit weight of the soil (γ) and
drained angle of friction (ϕ´). The layer from 1,0-1,4 was modeled straight from SPT-N value.
Seabed level starts from -18,6 m.

Figure 2.1. Modelled soil profile.

3. Pile and hammer model

3.1. Pile types
Piles in this case are OD914, OD1220 and OD1520 mm and wall thickness 25 mm. Steel grade
is S355. Pile length varies from 34-45 m, depending on pile type and location of pile.

3.2. Hammers
Hammer used to drive the pile is Junttan HHK 16/20S (hammer efficiency 0.95), hammer and
drive cap parameters were taken straight from the programs database. Details of hammers and
driving systems are presented in appendix 1.
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4. Analysis
4.1. Platform piles OD914/25 mm
In platform the pile diameter is 914 mm, piles are vertical and piles are driven to depth of -30 m.
In this case diameter of the pile is relatively small so it is assumed that pile will be fully plugged,
which is worst case scenario from the point of driving. Analysis results are collected to tables 4.1
- 4.3.

Table 4.1. Analysis results Junttan HHK 20S, stroke 0,5 m

Tampere University of Technology 2013 Aug 20

Port of Sohar GRLWEAP Version 2010

Gain/Loss 1 at Shaft and Toe 1.000 / 1.000

Ultimate End Blow Comp. Tension

Depth Capacity Friction Bearing Count Stress Stress Stroke ENTHRU
m kN kN kN blows/m MPa MPa m kJ

2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0

4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.50 0.0
20.0 3305.9 25.4 3280.6 82.4 131.411 -8.390 0.50 88.7
22.0 2021.4 160.4 1861.0 49.2 131.279 -14.675 0.50 89.0
24.0 2195.3 334.3 1861.0 53.9 131.295 -12.230 0.50 89.0
26.0 2408.1 547.1 1861.0 59.9 132.398 -12.353 0.50 89.1
28.0 2659.8 798.8 1861.0 67.3 132.763 -10.850 0.50 89.2
29.5 2869.6 1008.6 1861.0 73.4 132.988 -10.306 0.50 89.2
30.0 2950.3 1089.3 1861.0 75.8 132.668 -11.004 0.50 89.2

Total Number of Blows: 701

Driving Time (min): 23 17 14 11 10 8 7 7 6 5
@Blow Rate (b/min): 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Driving Time for continuously running hammer; any wait times not included
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Table 4.2. Analysis results Junttan HHK 20S, stroke 1,0 m

Tampere University of Technology 2013 Aug 20
Port of Sohar GRLWEAP Version 2010

Gain/Loss 1 at Shaft and Toe 1.000 / 1.000

Ultimate End Blow Comp. Tension

Depth Capacity Friction Bearing Count Stress Stress Stroke ENTHRU
m kN kN kN blows/m MPa MPa m kJ

2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0

4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
20.0 3305.9 25.4 3280.6 46.8 189.067 -9.338 1.00 176.8
22.0 2021.4 160.4 1861.0 29.4 188.826 -30.334 1.00 176.5
24.0 2195.3 334.3 1861.0 32.2 188.827 -23.064 1.00 176.6
26.0 2408.1 547.1 1861.0 35.5 190.095 -14.538 1.00 176.6
28.0 2659.8 798.8 1861.0 39.2 190.774 -13.183 1.00 176.9
29.5 2869.6 1008.6 1861.0 42.3 191.202 -13.129 1.00 177.2
30.0 2950.3 1089.3 1861.0 43.5 190.873 -12.501 1.00 177.4

Total Number of Blows: 411

Driving Time (min): 13 10 8 6 5 5 4 4 3 3
@Blow Rate (b/min): 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Driving Time for continuously running hammer; any wait times not included
Table 4.3. Analysis results Junttan HHK 20S, stroke 1,5 m
Tampere University of Technology 2013 Aug 20
Port of Sohar GRLWEAP Version 2010

Gain/Loss 1 at Shaft and Toe 1.000 / 1.000

Ultimate End Blow Comp. Tension

Depth Capacity Friction Bearing Count Stress Stress Stroke ENTHRU
m kN kN kN blows/m MPa MPa m kJ

2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0

4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
20.0 3305.9 25.4 3280.6 34.7 232.901 -10.409 1.50 265.2
22.0 2021.4 160.4 1861.0 22.0 232.720 -43.491 1.50 264.3
24.0 2195.3 334.3 1861.0 24.1 232.721 -34.804 1.50 264.9
26.0 2408.1 547.1 1861.0 26.5 234.241 -24.793 1.50 264.9
28.0 2659.8 798.8 1861.0 29.3 235.044 -14.636 1.50 264.8
29.5 2869.6 1008.6 1861.0 31.4 235.550 -15.033 1.50 265.3
30.0 2950.3 1089.3 1861.0 32.2 235.193 -14.065 1.50 265.3

Total Number of Blows: 307

Driving Time (min): 10 7 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 2
@Blow Rate (b/min): 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Driving Time for continuously running hammer; any wait times not included
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4.2. Trestle piles OD1220/25 mm

In the trestle the pile diameter is 1220 mm, piles are inclined 1:5 and piles are driven to
maximum depth of -40m. In figure 4.1 is presented the driving situation, pile length 45,13 m (cut
off level +4,33 and toe level -40,0).

Figure 4.1. Driving OD1220 mm inclined 1:5 to -40 m

Pile is relatively large, but in the worst case scenario the pile is assumed to be fully plugged.
Analysis results are collected to tables 4.4 - 4.5.
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Table 4.4. Analysis results Junttan HHK 20S, stroke 1,0 m

Tampere University of Technology 2013 Aug 20
Port of Sohar GRLWEAP Version 2010

Gain/Loss 1 at Shaft and Toe 1.000 / 1.000

Ultimate End Blow Comp. Tension

Depth Capacity Friction Bearing Count Stress Stress Stroke ENTHRU
m kN kN kN blows/m MPa MPa m kJ

5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0

10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
20.0 5878.8 33.8 5844.9 83.0 188.129 -22.201 1.00 179.9
22.0 3529.8 214.1 3315.7 50.8 170.396 -23.783 1.00 179.8
24.0 3761.9 446.2 3315.7 54.7 170.397 -22.693 1.00 179.8
26.0 4046.0 730.3 3315.7 58.5 171.220 -20.194 1.00 179.8
28.0 4381.9 1066.2 3315.7 63.4 171.972 -20.543 1.00 179.7
30.0 4769.7 1454.0 3315.7 69.4 172.121 -16.204 1.00 179.5
32.0 5209.4 1893.7 3315.7 76.9 172.159 -18.941 1.00 179.2
34.0 5701.0 2385.3 3315.7 86.3 172.132 -21.106 1.00 179.0
36.0 6244.4 2928.7 3315.7 98.1 172.049 -24.253 1.00 178.7
38.0 6839.8 3524.1 3315.7 113.2 171.931 -27.387 1.00 178.4
40.0 7487.0 4171.3 3315.7 133.2 172.073 -27.245 1.00 178.0
40.8 7760.4 4444.7 3315.7 142.9 172.440 -26.523 1.00 177.8

Total Number of Blows: 1751

Driving Time (min): 58 43 35 29 25 21 19 17 15 14
@Blow Rate (b/min): 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Driving Time for continuously running hammer; any wait times not included

Table 4.5. Analysis results Junttan HHK 20S, stroke 1,5 m

Tampere University of Technology 2013 Aug 20

Port of Sohar GRLWEAP Version 2010

Gain/Loss 1 at Shaft and Toe 1.000 / 1.000

Ultimate End Blow Comp. Tension

Depth Capacity Friction Bearing Count Stress Stress Stroke ENTHRU
m kN kN kN blows/m MPa MPa m kJ

5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0

10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
20.0 5878.8 33.8 5844.9 59.5 223.757 -21.923 1.50 268.9
22.0 3529.8 214.1 3315.7 37.1 209.959 -35.732 1.50 268.8
24.0 3761.9 446.2 3315.7 40.2 209.959 -28.975 1.50 268.8
26.0 4046.0 730.3 3315.7 43.8 210.902 -22.112 1.50 268.8
28.0 4381.9 1066.2 3315.7 47.0 211.769 -21.091 1.50 268.7
30.0 4769.7 1454.0 3315.7 51.0 211.946 -19.980 1.50 268.3
32.0 5209.4 1893.7 3315.7 55.8 212.004 -19.319 1.50 267.9
34.0 5701.0 2385.3 3315.7 61.7 211.992 -23.202 1.50 267.5
36.0 6244.4 2928.7 3315.7 69.0 211.911 -27.828 1.50 267.1
38.0 6839.8 3524.1 3315.7 78.0 211.893 -32.552 1.50 266.6
40.0 7487.0 4171.3 3315.7 89.2 212.078 -34.412 1.50 266.1
40.8 7760.4 4444.7 3315.7 94.5 212.502 -33.995 1.50 265.8

Total Number of Blows: 1250

Driving Time (min): 41 31 25 20 17 15 13 12 11 10
@Blow Rate (b/min): 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Driving Time for continuously running hammer; any wait times not included
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4.3. Mooring and Berthing dolphin piles OD1520/25 mm

In Mooring and Berthing dolphin the pile diameter is 1520 mm, piles are inclined 1:4 and piles
are driven to maximum depth of -37m. In figure 4.2 is presented the driving situation, pile length
41,7 m (cut off level +3,55 and toe level -37,0).

Figure 4.2. Driving OD1520 mm inclined 1:4 to -37 m

Pile is large, but in the worst case scenario the pile is assumed to be fully plugged. Analysis
results are collected to tables 4.6 - 4.7.
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Table 4.6. Analysis results Junttan HHK 20S, stroke 1,0 m

Tampere University of Technology 2013 Aug 20
Port of Sohar GRLWEAP Version 2010

Gain/Loss 1 at Shaft and Toe 1.000 / 1.000

Ultimate End Blow Comp. Tension

Depth Capacity Friction Bearing Count Stress Stress Stroke ENTHRU
m kN kN kN blows/m MPa MPa m kJ

5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0

10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.00 0.0
20.0 9115.1 42.2 9072.9 137.8 195.146 -28.827 1.00 180.8
22.0 5413.7 266.8 5146.9 76.4 155.671 -19.450 1.00 180.7
24.0 5702.9 556.1 5146.9 80.7 155.764 -18.500 1.00 180.7
26.0 6056.9 910.0 5146.9 86.2 156.942 -16.306 1.00 180.7
28.0 6475.4 1328.6 5146.9 93.3 157.420 -17.437 1.00 180.6
30.0 6958.7 1811.8 5146.9 102.3 157.384 -19.059 1.00 180.5
32.0 7506.6 2359.7 5146.9 113.6 157.120 -20.451 1.00 180.4
34.0 8119.1 2972.3 5146.9 128.1 157.234 -22.002 1.00 180.2
36.0 8796.3 3649.5 5146.9 146.8 157.311 -23.596 1.00 180.0
38.0 9538.2 4391.3 5146.9 171.6 157.266 -22.303 1.00 179.8
38.1 9577.0 4430.1 5146.9 173.1 157.394 -22.185 1.00 179.7

Total Number of Blows: 2120

Driving Time (min): 70 53 42 35 30 26 23 21 19 17
@Blow Rate (b/min): 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Driving Time for continuously running hammer; any wait times not included
Table 4.7. Analysis results Junttan HHK 20S, stroke 1,5 m
Tampere University of Technology 2013 Aug 20
Port of Sohar GRLWEAP Version 2010

Gain/Loss 1 at Shaft and Toe 1.000 / 1.000

Ultimate End Blow Comp. Tension

Depth Capacity Friction Bearing Count Stress Stress Stroke ENTHRU
m kN kN kN blows/m MPa MPa m kJ

5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0

10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 1.50 0.0
20.0 9115.1 42.2 9072.9 94.6 233.524 -29.936 1.50 270.5
22.0 5413.7 266.8 5146.9 56.7 191.632 -23.073 1.50 270.3
24.0 5702.9 556.1 5146.9 59.5 191.719 -20.413 1.50 270.3
26.0 6056.9 910.0 5146.9 63.2 193.221 -18.134 1.50 270.3
28.0 6475.4 1328.6 5146.9 67.7 193.790 -17.500 1.50 270.1
30.0 6958.7 1811.8 5146.9 73.4 193.718 -18.976 1.50 269.9
32.0 7506.6 2359.7 5146.9 80.4 193.374 -21.129 1.50 269.7
34.0 8119.1 2972.3 5146.9 89.0 193.591 -23.852 1.50 269.5
36.0 8796.3 3649.5 5146.9 99.8 193.651 -26.438 1.50 269.2
38.0 9538.2 4391.3 5146.9 113.4 193.537 -26.501 1.50 268.8
38.1 9577.0 4430.1 5146.9 114.2 193.704 -26.442 1.50 268.8

Total Number of Blows: 1493

Driving Time (min): 49 37 29 24 21 18 16 14 13 12
@Blow Rate (b/min): 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Driving Time for continuously running hammer; any wait times not included
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5. Conclusions
5.1. Driveability
The hammer HHK 16/20S is capable to drive the pile types to designed inclination and designed
depths in the modeled soil conditions.

The maximum compression stress during driving was about 230 MPa, which is allowable for
S355 steel grade (65% of the yield strength).

The total amount of blows with different cases is presented in the table 5.1. In these cases it was
assumed that piles will plug.
Table 5.1. Total amount of blows with different pile types, strokes and hammer masses.

Junttan HHK 16S Junttan HHK 20S

0,5 m 1,0 m 1,5 m 0,5 m 1,0 m 1,5 m
OD914 896 513 381 701 411 307
OD1220 - 2268 1604 - 1751 1250
OD1520 - 2752 1919 - 2120 1493

5.2 Capacity of the piles

The capacity of the piles depends on how much the pile is plugged during the driving. If piles are
plugged, the model will give the ultimate capacity with analysed pile types and pile lengths:
• OD914, driven to -30 m RU 2950 kN
(Design load ULS 1800 kN max, RU/ULS = 1,64 )
• OD1220, driven to -40 m RU 7760 kN
(Design load ULS 4490 kN max, RU/ULS = 1,73)
• OD1520, driven to -37 m RU 9580 kN
(Design load ULS 4700 kN max, RU/ULS = 2,04)

Tampere 20.08.2013
INSPECTA TARKASTUS OY

Teemu Riihimäki
Technical Expert, MSc

Appendixes: Hammer and hammer cushion details 1p.

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Appendix 1

JUNTTAN HHK 20S

JUNTTAN HHK 20S Drive system