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Algebra 20 Revision 20 Sheet

This document provides examples of how to decompose fractions with algebraic expressions in the numerator and denominator into partial fractions. It demonstrates how to factorize expressions, identify coefficients of partial fractions, and integrate expressions written as partial fractions.

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94 views1 page

Algebra 20 Revision 20 Sheet

This document provides examples of how to decompose fractions with algebraic expressions in the numerator and denominator into partial fractions. It demonstrates how to factorize expressions, identify coefficients of partial fractions, and integrate expressions written as partial fractions.

Uploaded by

Jemason
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Partial fractions Partial fractions

Example 1: Two different factors in the Example 2: Repeated factor in the


denominator- denominator:-
3x - 4 x+3
( x - 1)(3 x - 5) Simplifying algebraic fractions (4 - x)(2 + x) 2
Algebraic fractions are simplified by first
A B factorising the numerator and denominator: A B C
Step 1: Write it as: + Step 1: Write it as: + +
x - 1 3x - 5 8 x 2 - 12 x 4 x (2 x - 3) 4x 4 - x 2 + x (2 + x) 2
Step 2: Combine these two fractions: = = (Note carefully the forms of the denominators).
A(3x - 5) + B ( x - 1) 4x - 9
2
(2 x - 3) (2 x + 3) 2 x + 3
( x - 1)(3 x - 5) Algebraic long division Step 2: Combine these fractions carefully:
Step 3: Form an identity by comparing the tops A(2 + x ) 2 + B (4 - x)(2 + x) + C (4 - x)
of our fractions: You should be able to divide a polynomial by a
(4 - x)(2 + x) 2
3 x - 4 = A(3 x - 5) + B ( x - 1) quadratic.
Step 3: Form an identity comparing the tops of
Step 4: Find A and B by substituting in chosen
Example: Find the quotient and remainder when our fractions:
values for x: x + 3 = A(2 + x) 2 + B (4 - x)(2 + x) + C (4 - x)
If x = 1: -1 = -2A So A = 0.5 2 x 4 - 4 x 3 + 7 x + 1 is divided by x 2 + 2 .
2 Step 4: Find the values of A, B and C by
If x = 5/3: 1= B So B = 1.5 We need to included the terms with zero
3 coefficients when we set out the long division: substituting in chosen values for x:
Step 5: Therefore: If x = -2: 1 = 6C So C = 16
3x - 4 0.5 1.5
= + 2 x2 - 4 x - 4 If x = 4: 7 = 36A So A = 367
( x - 1)(3 x - 5) x - 1 3x - 5
x 2 + 0 x + 2 2 x 4 - 4 x3 + 0 x 2 + 7 x + 1 Finally choose any third value for x (such as
2 x 4 + 0 x3 + 4 x 2 � x = 0):
We can use this form to work out the integral:
- 4 x3 - 4 x 2 + 7 x 3 = 367 �4 + B (4)(2) + 61 �4
3x - 4 �0.5 1.5 �
�( x - 1)(3x - 5)
dx = �
� + dx
�
�x - 1 3x - 5 �
-4 x 3 + 0 x 2 - 8 x 3 = 139 + 8B
- 4 x 2 + 15 x + 1
9 = 8B
14

1 1 -4 x 2 + 0 x - 8
= 0.5� dx + 1.5� dx 15 x + 9
14
x -1 3x - 5 B= 9
= 7
36
8
1.5
= 0.5ln( x - 1) + ln(3 x - 5) + c Therefore the quotient is 2 x - 4 x - 4 and the
2 x+3 7 7 1
3 So (4 - x)(2 + x ) 2
= 36(4 - x) + 36(2 + x) + 6(2 + x) 2
remainder is 15x + 9.
= 0.5ln( x - 1) + 0.5ln(3 x - 5) + c

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