Logarithm

Exercises
Level - 1
(Practice Questions Based on Fundamentals)

ABC OF COMPLEX NUMBER

1. Find the value of log3 log5 log3(243).

2. Find the value of log9(27) – log27(9).

3. Find the value of log10 tan 40° + log10 tan41° + log10 tan42° + ... + log10 tan50°.

4. Find the value of log 3

300 , if a = log 3
5 , b = log 3
2.

5. Find the minimum value of

(i) logb a + loga b (ii) logb a + logc b + loga c

1 1 1 1 1
6. Prove that    ...  
log 2 n log3 n log 4 n log 43 n log 43 n

7. If n = 1983!, prove that

1 1 1 1
   ...  1
log 2 n log3 n log 4 n log1983 n

8. Determine b satisfying
loga 2 . logb 625 = log10 16 . loga 10

9. If loga bc = x, find the value of logb ab.

10. If log10 2 = x, find the value of log10 5.

11. If a = log4 5 and b = log5 6, find a = log3 2.

12. Find the value of log12 54, where b = a = log12 24.

1 1
13. Find the value of  .
log 2 36 log3 36

1 1
14. Prove that   2.
log3  log 4 

16 25 81
15. Simplify : 7  log  5  log  3  log
15 24 80

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 Logarithm

16. Ifa2 + b2 = 7 ab, prove that 38. Ifa = log7 12, b = log12 24, findthe value oflogs4 168.
1 1 39. If a = log6 30, b = log1s 24, prove that
log-(a+b) -(log a+log b)
3 2 2ab + 2a 1
log1 2 60 ( )·
17. Ifa2 + b2 = llab, prove that ab+b + l
40. Findx, if log 7(log5(�x+5 +Fx)) O .
log( =½(log a+log b)
a b
; ) 41. Iflog2 x+ log2 y � 6, find the least value ofx+ y.
log n 42. Solve for x andy:
18. Prove that - a 1+loga b .
logab n 41ogx = 31ogy, (3x)l og3 = (4y)log 4
19. If log 25 = a, log 225 = b, prove that 43. If x 18 = y,.2 1 = z28 = k' prove that' 3' 3 logy x' 3 logz y' 7
logx z are in AP.
log
((¾ J) 1
+logC )= 2a-3b-1
25O 44. If -+
1
1 3 n og
og
1
1 4n
> x , findthe value ofx.
20. Ifa, b, c are in GP, prove that, log" n, logb n, loge n are
in HP. 45. Iflog03 (x- 1) < log0_09 (x- 1), findx.
21. If log3 2, log3 (2x 5), log3 ( 2x '}_) are in AP, findthe 46. If logelog5(�2x 2 +3) 0 , find the value ofx.
value ofx. 2 47. Find the least value of 2.log 10 x- logx(O.O1) for x > 1.
I- o X I- o y
22. If Y a l ga , Z a l ga , prove that, X a - a • 48. Findx, if 4Iog9 3+9Iog2 4 10Iogx 83
I ! I
�

23. IfX = loga C+ loge a, y = loga C+ loge a andZ = logb a+ 49. FindX, if 34 log9(x+l } l210g2 x+3
loga b, findthe minimum value ofx2+ y2 + z2 - xyz.
50. Ifa = log24 12, b = log36 24 andc = log48 36, prove that
log a log b log c
24. If - - -- , prove that cf' · bh · cc= 1. ab +1 )=
b c c a a b ( ; 2
c
s •
25. Findthe value of 8110g J+2710g936+3 Iog79 .
I 4_

26. Prove that 51. If log10 ( sin( x+�)) ½(log10 6 l), find the value
-----+----- oflog 10 sin x+ log 10 cos x.
1 + logb a + logbc 1 + logc a + logcb
52. Ifa, b, c are in GP, prove that
1
+ - 1 1 1 1
1+log a b + loga c , , . HP.
arem
1+log e a 1+log eb 1+log ec
27. Findx, iflog2 x+ log4 x+ log8 x = 11.
25 5�. Findx, if 5logiox 50 x10g105 •
28. Findx, if log2 x+log4 x+log8 x + log16 x . 54. Findx, iflogs [2+ log (3+ x)] = 0.
4
29. Ifloga X = a, logb X = /3, loge X = y andlog d X = 0, find Find the number of real solutions
the value oflogabcd x. 55. log4 (x- 1) = log2 (x- 3)
30. Ifx = loga be, y = logb ca andz = loge ab, findthe value 56. log4 (x- 2) = log2 (x- 2)
1 1 1 57. log9 (x- 1) = log3 (x- 1)
of --+ +-- .
l+x l+ y l+z 58. log2 x+ log2 (x + 3) = 1/4
59. log4 (x2+ x)- log4 (x+ 1) = 2
31. If y 2'0gx ' findx.
_]_

60. 1+ 2 log(x+2) 5 = logs (x+ 2)

4

32. If N= 610g1040 · 510g1036 , findthe value ofN+ 10.

61. log2 x+ log4 (x+ 2) = 2
+ + + ...to =)
33. Findthe value of (O.5) gv2(¼ ½ f6 . 62. log 10 (x- 1)3 - 3 log 10 (x- 3) = log10 8
10

34. If x= 210g103 and y = 310g102 , find a relation between x Solve for x:

andy. 63. logs (x2 - 3x+ 3) > 0
35. Find the value of 64. log7 [logs (x2 - 7x+ 15)] > 0
65. log< 112) [logs (x2 - 7x+ 17)] > 0
36. Ifa = log30 3 andb = log30 5, findthe value oflog10 8. 66. log< 112l (logs (log2 (x2 - 6x+ 40))) > 0
37. If a = log12 18, b = log24 54, prove that ab+ 5(a - b) 67. log3 [logs log2 (x2 - 9x+ 50)] > 0
= 1.

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 Logarithm

x 2
68. log6 l - J>o
6-x
69. log(112J x > log0 13 J x
70. log0.5 (x2 -5x+6)>-1
71. log8 (x2 -4x+3)<1

72. log(l /4) (

35 x2
: );;::
-½
73. log x3 +6 /x2-1)= log 2 x2 +Sx) (x -1)
2
( (
74. log (3x2 +x -3) = 3 log (3x -2) ·
75. log x2_1l (x +6) = log x2_1) (2x +5x)
3 2
( (

76. log3 (x2 -3x -5) = log3 (7 -2x)

77. log(�)+_!_ log(2x+l5)=1
2
78. log(3x+4J (4x +4x + 1) + log(2x+I J (6x2 + llx+4) = 4
2

79. 5 log10x= 50 - Xlog10 5

80_ 4 log9x _ 6_21og9x + i1og327 =O

Solve the in-equality wherever base is not given, take it

J-
as 10:

81. (log2x) -(log112 (

4
x:) 20 log2 x +148 < 0

82. (log 100x)2 +(log 10x)2 +log x $ 14

83. log1 12 (x+ 1) > log2 (2 -x)
84. log115 (2x2 +5x+l) < 0
85. log1 12 x+log3 x > 1
+5
86. logx (4x ) <-1
6-5x
x 2
87. log0_2 ( : ) $ 1

88. log10 (x2 -16) $ log10 (4x -11)

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 Logarithm

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

lEVEl I => log3 2=---

1
(2ab-1)
9. Given log" (ab) = x 13. We have
=> loga a + loga b =X I I
+ =log36 (2) + log36 (3)
=> I + loga b =X logz(36) log3(36)
=> loga b =X - 1 =log36 (2 X 3)
Now, logb (ab) = logb a+ logb b =log36 (6)
=logb a+ 1 = log62 (6)
I =1/2
=-+I 14. We have
x-1
1 1
X --+ -- =log" 3 + log"4
log3 tr log4tr
x-1
=log"(3 x4)
10. log105=log,o
ci)
=log 10 IO -log 10 2 =(I -x)
=log"(12) > log"(n") =2
Hence, the value of x is 2.
21. Given log32, log3(2x 5), log3 ( 2x �) are in AP.
11. Now, ab = log4 5 · log5 6 =log4 6
=log22 (6)
=> 2 log3 (Y 5) =log3 2 + log3 ( 2x �)
1
2
= log2(6)
log3(2X 5)2=log32· (2x 7)
I
=>
2
2
= log 2 (2 X 3)
=> (2x -5)2 =2 X 2x -7
l
= [log2(2) + log23] => (2x) 2 -12 X 2x + 32 =0
2 => a2 - 12a + 32 =0 where a = 2x
I
2
= (1+ log23) => (a-4)(a-8) =0
=> a = 4, 8
=> 2ab =I + log2 3
When a =4 => 2x =4 =22 => x =2
=> log2 3 =2ab-1
when a =8 => 2x =8 =23 => x =3
- 1 But x =2 does not satisfy the terms.
=> -=--
log23 2ab-1 Hence, the solution of xis 3.

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 Logarithm

22. We have => X + I =loga (abc)

I
1 1
y = al loga x' z = al loga y =>
1 1 x+l loga (abc)
=> logay= ' logaz=--­ 1 l
1 1ogax 1 logay Similarly, - - = ,
1 1 = + 1
y l ogb (abc)
=> logay = ' -- 1 loga y 1 1
1 Iogax logaz and
1 1 z+l logc (abc)
=> logay = ' logay=I --
1 1ogax logaz 1 1 1
Thus, --+--+-­
1 1 x+l y+l z+I
Hence' 1 --= ---
logaz 1 logax =-- 1 1 1
-+-- +---
_1_= 1 Ioga(abc) logb (abc) logc (abc)
=> 1
logaz 1 logax =logabc (a)+logabc (b) + logabc (c)
1 -logax =logabc (abc)
=>
loga z 1 logax
=l
1-logax = 1
=> logaz=--- 1 - =
l
ziog 4
logax logax 31. We have Y x
1 = 1 g2(x)1i2 =Xl/2=,J;
Y=ztog4 =2 z =z o
½log
x x
=> - 1 loga z
logax
3 6 . As we know that
1
=> logax=--­ log30 (30)=1
1 logaz
I => log30 (2 X 3 X 5)=1
=> X=a
1 1oga z
=> log30 (2)+log30 (3)+log30 (5)=1
Hence, the result. => log30 (2) + a+b=I
log a = log b = log c =k => log30 (2)=1-(a+b)
24. Let
b c c a a b Now, log30 (10)=log30 (2x 5)
a log a = blogb = clogc =k =log30 (2)+log30 (5)
=>
a(b c) b(c a) c(a b) = l-(a+b)+b=l-a
log a a log bb = log cc =k Thus,
=>
a(b c) b(c a) c(a b)
log10 8 =log10 (23)=3 log10 (2)
=> log (a")+log (b6)+log (cc)
k
= (ab-bc + bc-ba + ca-cb) =3 X log30(2)
log30 (1O)
=0
=> log(a"bbcc)=0 3{1 (a+b)}
=
=> (aabbcc)=c0=1 (1 a)
27. We have, 37. Wehave
log2 x+log4 x+log8 x=1 1 ab=log12 18 xlog24 54
=> log2 x+log4 x+log8 x=1 1 log 18 log 54

½l
=--x--
log 12 log 24
=> ( 1+ + }og2X=1 1
log(2x32 ) log(2 x 33 )
_..;:;-'----::-- X _..;:;--'--:--
11 log(3xi 2 ) log(3x 23 )
=> ( }og2 x=11
6 log 2+3 log 3
log 2+ 2 log 3 ----
=---'-----x
=> log2 X= 6 log 3+ 2 log 2 log 3+3 log 2
=> x = 26 = 32 1 + 2 log23 - 1+3 log2 3
Hence, the value of x is 32. =- -=- x -=-
log2 3+2 log2 3+3
30. Given
X=loga be
1 + 2x 1 + 3x
=--x - where x=log2 3
=> a = be x+2 x+3
=> axa' = abc 1 + 5x+6x2
=> tr' = abc x2 + 5x + 6

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 Logarithm

Also, ½ log3 3 92log22 ologx 83

(a-b) =log12 18 log24 54 => 4 + =1
=> 2+81=10 lo gx 83
log (2 x 32 ) log (2 x 33 )
log (3 x 22 ) log (3 xi) => 83=83logx l0
=> logx 10= 1
log 2+ 2 log 3 log 2+3 log 3 => x = 10
=
log 3+2 log 2 log 3 +3 log 2 Hence, the solution is x= 10.
1+2 log2 3 _ 1+3 log2 3 50. We have,
=
log2 3+2 log2 3+3 abe =log24 12 x log36 24 x log48 12
1+2x 1+3x = log48 36 x log36 24 x log24 12
= -- - -- where x = log2 3 =log48 12
x+2 x+3
Now,
(1- x2 ) abe + 1 =log48 12 + 1 =log48 12 + log48 48
= -
(2+x)(3+ x) = Jog48 (12 X 48)
Hence, the value of Also, be =log36 24 x log48 36
5(1- x2 ) 2
(1 + 5x+ 6 x ) =log48 36 x log36 24
5(a- b )+ab = -+- ­ =log48 24
(2+ x)(3+ x) (2 + x)(3+ x)
abe + 1 log48 (12 x 48)
=--------
2
5(1- x ) +(1+ 5x+ x ) 6
2
Thus, ( )=
be log48 24
(2+ x)(3+ x)
=log24 (12 X 48)
x + 5x+ 6
2
=log24 (24 X 48)
= -
(2 + x)(3+ x) =log24 (242)
(x + 2)( x + 3) =2
=
(2+ x)(3+ x)

½
Hence, the result.
=l
41. Given 51. Given log10 (sin(x + �)) = (log10 6 -1)
log2 x+ log2y � 6
=> log2 (.xy) � 6 => 2log10 (sin( x+�)) =(log10 6 -1)
=> .xy � 26 = 64
As we know that, x + y � J;;
=> 2 log10 ( �(sin x+ cos x)) =(log 10 6-1)
2
x+y
=> �/64 =8 => 2 log10 ( �) + 2 log10 (sin x+cos x)
2
=> .xy � 2.8 = 1 6 =log10 6 -l
Hence, the least value of x+y is 1 6 .
=> 2 log10 (sin x + cos x) =log10 6 + 2 log10 2 - 1

:i)
43. Given,
xis=y2 1 =22s => log10 (sin x+cos x) 2 =log10 (
=> log (x 1 8) =log (y2 1 ) =log (z28)
=> 18 log x=21 logy= 28 log z =k (say)
=> (sin x+ cos xi= e�)
Jog X 21 7 24
Now 3 log x=3·--=3·-=- => 1+sm . 2x=-
' Y logy 18 2 10
1 .logy · 28 . 24 14
3 ogzy=3 =3 =4 => sm2x=--1=-
log z 21 10 10
7
logz 18 9 => sin x· cos x=-

(i�)
and 7log z= 7 ·--= 7 ·-=- 10
x Jog X 28 2
9 => log10 (sin x cos x) =log10
Thus, 3, 7/2, 4, /2 are in AP.
Hence, the result. => log10 (sin x) + log10 (cos x) =log1 0 7 1
48. Given equation is
52. Given a, b, e are in GP.
4 log9 3 +9log24=10logx 83
b2 = ae