

DESIGN AND FAILURE ANALYSIS OF FOUR STROKE SIX

CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE CRANKSHAFT
Ananta U. Kumbhar1, Sanjay R. Kumbhar2, Vijay S.Diwate3
1
PG Student, Department of Automobile Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar,
2
Asst. Prof., Department of Automobile Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar,
3
Engine Supdt., MSRTC Central Workshop Dapodi, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Email:[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
Abstract Index Terms: Crankshaft, Finite Element
Crankshaft is one of the critical components Analysis (FEA), Diesel engine, Software.
for the effective and precise working of the
internal combustion engine. Study is done on I. INTRODUCTION
the crankshaft and found that there are The function of crankshaft is to convert the
tremendous stress induced in crankshaft. The reciprocating displacement of piston into rotary
stress are calculated first analytically and motion. An automotive crankshaft is (fig. 1)
then also by Finite element analysis (FEA). A consist of main journals, crankpins, oil holes,
static simulation is conducted on a four stroke counter weights and a thrust bearing journals.
six cylinder diesel engine crankshaft. A Flywheel is attached at one side of the crankshaft
three-dimension model of engine crankshaft to reduce the pulsation characteristics of four
is created using CATIA-V5 software. FEA is stroke cycle, and sometime vibrational or
performed in Hypermesh for preprocessing torsional damper at the opposite end, to reduce
and FEMAP is used for processing. The load the torsional vibrations often caused along the
is applied to the FE model in FEMAP, and length of the crankshaft. Crankshaft is the
boundary conditions are applied according to important component of the engine. Any damage
the engine mounting conditions. In an occurring to the crankshaft may put the
arbitrary position of the crank, due to mechanical system out of order. Nowadays,
tangential force, the crank arm will be manufacturers are compelled to ensure the
subjected to transverse shear, bending and downsizing concept to permit the increase of
twisting, while due to radial component it is engines power and torque without increasing
subjected to direct stress and bending. It will cylinder capacity in order to reduce fuel
be laborious to consider all these straining consumption [3]. Crankshaft must be strong
actions in several positions of the crank. enough to take the downward force during
Generally, the crank is designed for two power stroke without excessive bending. So the
positions; those are maximum twisting reliability and life of internal combustion engine
moment and maximum bending moment. The depend on the strength of the crankshaft largely.
analysis is done for finding critical location in And as the engine runs, the power impulses hit
crankshaft. Stress variation over the engine the crankshaft in one place and then another. The
cycle and the effect of torsion and bending torsional vibration appears when a power
load in the analysis are investigated. impulse hits a crankpin toward the front of the
Von-misses stress is calculated theoretically engine and the power stroke ends.
and FEA, and thus validated.

ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-6, 2016

33
 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)

Crankshaft consists of parts which revolves in

the main bearings, crankpin to which the big
ends of the connecting rod is connected, the
crank arms or webs (also called cheeks) which
connect the crankpins and the shaft parts [2].
Reasons for Failure of crankshaft assembly and
crankpin may be –
1. Shaft misalignment
Fig.1: Automotive Crankshaft 2. Incorrect geometry (stress concentration)
3. Vibration cause by bearings application
II. STRESSES IN CRANKSHAFT
Crankshaft of an I. C. engine is a well-known 4. High engine temperature
phenomenon. Forces acting on the crankpin of 5. Improper lubrication
crankshaft is complex in nature. The piston and 6. Overloading
the connecting rod transmit gas pressure from 7. Pressure acting on piston
the cylinder to the crankpin. It also exerts forces 8. Crankpin material & its chemical
on the crankpin, which is time varying. The
composition
crankpin is like a built in beam with a distributed
load along its length that varies with crank III. DESIGN CALCULATION FOR
position. Each web like a cantilever beam CRANKSHAFT
subjected to bending & twisting. Journals would The configuration of the diesel engine for this
be principally subjected to twisting. Fig.2 crankshaft is tabulated in Table 1
represent the stresses acting on the crankshaft Table I: Specification of Six Cylinder Diesel
[1]. Engine Crankshaft
1. Twisting causes shear stress. Parameter Value
2. Bending causes tensile and compressive No of cylinder 6 inline
stresses. Bore/Stroke 97mm 128 mm
3. Due to shrinkage of the web onto the Capacity 5675 cc
journals, compressive stresses are set up Max Engine Output 96 kW @ 2400 rpm for
in the journals and tensile hoop stresses Max Torque 410 N m @ 1400-1700
in the webs. rpm
Compression Ratio 17.5:1
Firing order 1-5-3-6-2-4
Maximum Gas 55.70
Pressure
A. Crank is at dead Centre:
Bending of Pin Bending of Web and At this position of the crank, the maximum gas
Torsion of Journal pressure on the piston will transmit maximum
force on the crankpin in the plane of the crank
causing only bending of the shaft.
Bore diameter (D) = 97 mm
FQ = Area of the bore × Max. Combustion
pressure
= ×D²×Pmax = 14.161 kN
H1 = = = 20.58 kN = H2

[1] Design of Crankpin

Fig. 2: Stresses in Crankshaft and their Effect Let dc = Diameter of the crankpin in mm =
on Crankshaft 70 mm

ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-6, 2016

34
 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)

b = 2D = 2 x 97 = 194 Kt = combined shock and fatigue factor for

b1 = b2= b/2 =194/2 = 97 mm
torsion (Take Kt =1.5)
Bending moment at the centre of the crankpin
Mc = H1 x b2 = 20.58 x 97 = 1996.26 kN mm Mev = x (dc) 3 x
We also know that
3214.06 x 103 = x (70)3 x
Mc = x (dc) 3 x
= 59.28 N/mm2 or MPa = 95.44 N/mm2 or MPa
B. Crank is at an angle of maximum twisting
moment Force on the piston: IV. PROCEDURE FOR STATIC
The twisting moment on the crankshaft will be ANALYSIS
maximum when the tangential force on the crank A. Modeling of Crankshaft
(FT) is maximum. In order to find the thrust in First, prepare assembly in Catia for crankshaft
the connecting rod (FQ), we should first find out and save as this part as .iges for exporting into
the angle of inclination of the connecting rod Hypermesh environment. Import .iges model in
with the line of stroke (i.e. angle Ø = 350). hypermesh module.
We know that,
= = 0.1147
= = 6.58
We know that thrust in the connecting rod,
FQ = = = 41.43 kN
Thrust on the crank shaft can be split into
Tangential component and the radial component.
1) Tangential force on the crank shaft,
FT= FQ ) = 41.43 ) = 27.49
kN And
2) Radial force acting on the crankshaft,
F R = FQ = 41.16 = 30.99 Fig. 3: 3D Modelling of Crankshaft Using
kN Catia.
Reactions at bearings (1&2) due to tangential B. Meshing Of Crankshaft
force is given by HT1=HT2 = FT/2= 13.745 kN
Similarly, reactions at bearings (1&2) due to Meshing of crankshaft is done using
radial force is given by HR1 = HR2= FR/2= tetra. Select the meshing size as 10 mm for main
15.495kN bearing and 8 mm for crankpin and web of the
[1] Design of Crankpin. crankshaft because the maximum stress
concentration is occur at the crankpin and web of
We know that,
the crankshaft. Meshing details of crankshaft is
Bending moment at the centre of the crankshaft
as shown in below.
MC = HR1×b2=15.495 X 97
Type of Element: Tetrahedrons
=1503.015 kN- mm
Number of Nodes: 25112
Twisting moment on the crankpin
Number of Elements: 108050
Tc = HT1 x r = 13.745 x 64 =
879.68 kN m
From this we have equivalent twisting moment
Te = = 1741.63 kN mm
According to distortion energy theory, the von
Misses stress induced in the crank-pin is,
Mev =
Mev = 3214.06 kN mm
Kb = combined shock and fatigue factor for
bending (Take Kb=2)
Fig. 4: Meshing of Crankshaft

ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-6, 2016

35
 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)

C. Material Details for static structural

analysis
Material Type: EN 16 Grade
Density: 7.85 g/cm3
Tensile Strength: 570 MPa
Yield Strength: 295 MPa
Poissions Ratio: 0.3
Elastic Modulus: 190-210 GPa
D. Apply Load and boundary condition.
Boundary conditions play an important role in
Fig. 7: Von – Misses Stress Diagram
FEA.The Tangential load of 27.49 KN is applied
by using rigid RBE2 elements in y-direction. V. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Static analysis is performed with application of In this paper, the crankshaft model was created
load on crankpin .The radial force is applied by Catia V5 software. The maximum stress
30.99 kN in z-direction and tangential force is appears at the fillet areas between the crankshaft
applied in y-direction. Boundary conditions journal and crank cheeks and near the central
applied are left end of crankshaft is constrained point journal. The value of von-misses stresses
in all degrees of freedom in all directions except that comes out from the analysis is far less than
z-rotation, The right end is constrained in all material yield stress so our design is safe.
degrees of freedom in all directions except z
Table II: Validated Results
translation as shown in fig.5. It is carried out to
find displacement, von - misses stress, strain.
Under static loading condition neglecting inertia Sr. Type of Stress Theoretical FEA Result
and damping effect.
No. (MPa) (MPa)

1 Von – Misses 95.44 93.922

stress

In this paper, the crankshaft model was created

by Catia V5 software. The maximum stress
appears at the fillet areas between the crankshaft
journal and crank cheeks and near the central
Fig. 5: Boundary Condition Diagram point journal. The value of von-misses stresses
E. ANALYSIS RESULTS that comes out from the analysis is far less than
The maximum stress induced in the crankshaft material yield stress so our design is safe.
is 93.922 N/mm2 at the crankpin fillet region. VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Yield Strength of Grade En 16 material is 295 The support extended by the guide (Prof. S. R.
N/mm2.Crankshaft Von-Misses stress Kumbhar) and college authorities is highly
Simulation result is shown in Fig.7. The appreciated and acknowledged with due respect.
maximum deformation value is 0.022 mm. A And also would like to thank the Maharashtra
crankshaft total deformation is shown in Fig.6. State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) for
allowing the publication of this information.
REFERENCES
[1] Amit Solanki, Ketan Tamboli,
M.J.Zinjuwadia, “Crankshaft Design and
Optimization- A Review, National
Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering
& Technology”, B.V.M. Engineering
College, V.V. Nagar, Gujarat, India, 2014.
Fig. 6: Displacement Diagram

ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-6, 2016

36
 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)

[2] S.M.Sorte, S.M.Sheikh, “Stress Analysis and

Design Optimization of Crankpin”, (IJISME)
ISSN: 2319-6386, Volume-1, Issue-4, 2013.
[3] G.H. Farrahi, S.M. H-Gangaraj, M. Sakhaei,
S. Abolhassani4, F. Hemmati4, “Failure
Analysis of a Four Cylinder Diesel Engine
Crankshaft Made From Nodular Cast Iron”,
the Journal of Engine Research/Vol. 22 /
Springer, 2014.
[4] K.Sandya, M Keerthi, K.Srinivas,
“Modeling and Stress Analysis of Crankshaft
Using Fem Package Ansys”, (IRJET), e-Issn:
2395-0056, Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016.
[5] Mahesh Mange, Suhas Uthale, Richa
Agrawal, “Investigation and Optimization of
Two Cylinder Crankshaft by FE Analysis”,
(IRJET), e-Issn: 2395 -0056, Volume: 03
Issue: 02/Feb-2016.
[6] P.D.Shah, K.K.Bhabhor, “Finite Element
Approach for Study of Torsional and
Bending Effect on Four Cylinder Engine
Crankshafts”, (IJTPD) Vol. 2, Issue 2, PP:
(22-34), Month: April - June 2014.
[7] Basavaraj S. Talikoti, S. N. Kurbet, V. V.
Kuppast, “Static Structural Analysis of
2-Cylinder Crankshaft Using Ansys”
(IJTRE), Volume 3, Issue 2, October-2015.
[8] Pradeep C, Raghavendra K, “Performance
Evaluation of Automobile Crankshaft”,
(IJRASET), Volume 3 Issue X, October
2015.
[9] Jaimin Brahmbhatt, Abhishek choubey,
“Design and Analysis of Crankshaft for
Single Cylinder 4-Stroke Deisel Engine”,
IJAERS/Vol. I/ Issue IV/July-Sept.,
2012/88-90.
[10] K.V.Naveen Kumar, T.Balaji Gupta,
D.Muppala, “Modeling & Analysis of
Crankshaft” IJEGET, Vol-03, Issue-08,
August 2015.
[11] Bhumesh J. Bagde, Laukik P. Raut, “Finite
Element Analysis of Single Cylinder Engine
Crank Shaft”, IJAET, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp.
981-986, may 2013.

ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-6, 2016

37