Name: Block: Date:

Biology 12 - Biologically Important Molecules

• Part A: Mix and Match: Match the term on the right with the definition on the left. Each term can be used
only once. Write the letter of the best answer in the box to the left of the definition. (1/4 mark each -- total
of 10 marks for this section)

1) water-"loving" A) adenosine triphosphate

2) water-"fearing" B) amino acid
3) two or more polypeptide chains coming together and bonding with each other C) starch
4) to permanently change the 3 dimensional structure of a protein D) buffer
5) the subunit that makes up nucleic acids - 4 types in DNA are A C G T E) carbohydrate
6) a 6 carbon sugar that forms a 6-membered ring -- used as energy source by cells F) cellulose
7) the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets G) cholesterol
8) the loose association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds. H) dehydration synthesis
e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet
9) the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein, which ultimately determines its shape I) denature
10) the building block of protein -- there are 20 different kinds normally found in nature J) emulsification
11) the bond that forms between two amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis K) enzymes
12) the 3-D shape of a polypeptide chain due to it folding back on itself and forming bonds. L) glucose
13) a chemical that resists changes in pH M) glycogen
14) a class of molecules that includes neutral fats and steroids N) hydrogen bond
15) creating a bond between two atoms by taking OH from one atom and H from the other O) hydrolysis
16) breaking a bond between two atoms by adding OH to one atom and H to the other P) hydrophobic
17) biological catalysts, composed of protein, that speed up chemical reactions Q) hydrophilic
18) ATP - the molecule that carries energy in the cell R) ion
19) any molecule with the molecular formula Cn(H2O)n S) unsaturated fatty acid
20) an important component of cell membranes, has a hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail T) tertiary structure
21) an enzyme that breaks down maltose to two glucose molecules U) lipid
22) an atom or molecule that has either lost or gained electrons V) maltase
23) a weak bond due to the attraction between partial charges on hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms W) maltose

24) a polymer of glucose, used as a structural component of plant cell walls X) neutral fat
25) a polymer of glucose, used as a storage form for glucose in animals Y) nucleotide
26) a polymer of glucose, used as a storage form for glucose in plants Z) nucleic acids
27) three carbon that joins with fatty acids to produce triglycerides AA) peptide bond
28) a lipid that is an important component of cell membranes and from which steroid hormones are made BB) phospholipid

29) a lipid composed of glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids CC) polymer

30) a large organic molecule formed from a chain or chains of amino acids DD) primary structure
31) a large molecule made by joining together smaller identical (or similar) molecules EE) protein
32) molecules that store genetic information (e.g. DNA and RNA) FF) quarternary structure
33) a fatty acid whose carbons are all joined to the maximum number of hydrogens GG) glycerol
34) a fatty acid that has a "kink" in it due to a double bond between carbon atoms HH) saturated fatty acid
35) a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules II) secondary structure
Part B - Short Answers - 1/2 Mark for each blank
1. At pH of 7, [H+] = [OH-]. Below pH 7, which of these is greater? _______________Bases have a pH that is
_______________than 7.
2. The primary structure of a protein is a polymer of _______________the secondary structure is
characterized by the alpha _______________the tertiary structure is its _______________shape, and the
quarternary structure is the association of more than _______________polypeptide chains.
3. The molecule that cells "burn" during respiration to produce ATP is _______________
4. An unsaturated fatty acid contains less _______________than a saturated one.
5. Both DNA and RNA are polymers of _______________, each of which contains a nitrogenous
_______________, a 5-carbon _______________, and a _______________group.
6. The molecule on the right is what type of molecule? _______________.
7. What are the four most common atoms in organic molecules? O H H
C C N
___________________________________________________________________
HO H
8. What are the four classes of organic compounds?
H C H
_______________________________________________________________
S H
9. The molecule below belongs to what class of molecule? _______________ The
hydrolysis of this molecule would produce what molecule? _______________
O O O

O O

10. Of the classes listed in question 8, which is:

a) most concerned with energy transformations _______________
b) the class that forms enzymes _______________
c) makes up genes _______________ H
d) the class that is capable of storing the most energy per gram _______________ H C H
12. What type of molecule is the molecule to the right? _____________________________. H C H
C H
Molecules made of these molecules joined to glycerol would be _______________?
H C H
13. The molecule below is what type of molecule? _______________ Label the parts of this H C H
molecules: NH2 H C H
N C H C H
A = _______________ H
N
H C H
O N H
B = _______________ 5' N
H
O- P O CH2 O
C = _______________ O- H H B
H H
A
OH H
14. Nucleotides are connected together by bonds that3' form between the _______________ of one nucleotide
and the _______________ of the other nucleotide.
15. Two molecules composed of nucleotides are _____________________________
16. _______________ are lipids containing phosphorous that are particularly important in the formation of cell
membranes.
17.a. Inorganic compounds are compound that do not contain _______________ atoms.
b. Which element is most characteristic of proteins? _______________
18. Along with the 5 function of proteins, give an example of each:
FUNCTION EXAMPLE
TRANSPORT
ENZYMES
IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
MOVEMENT
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS

19. There are _______________ kinds of amino acids, which differ from each other only in their
_______________ groups.
20. There are a total of _______________ amino acids that the human body can't manufacture, and so must be
obtained from food. These are called _______________ amino acids.
21. What are the names given to the types of protein structure? ______________________________________
22. A protein that has lost its precise three dimensional shape has become _______________. 3 things that
can cause a protein to become denatured are _______________, _______________, _______________
23. Two main functions of carbohydrates in living systems are in _______________-term energy sources, and
structural components of cell _______________ in plants.
24. _______________ has few side branches of glucose chains, and is the storage form of glucose in plants.
Since it contains many glucose molecules joined together, it is called a _______________.
25. _______________ has many side branches of glucose chains, and is the storage form of glucose in
_______________. The _______________ is the main organ that produces, breaks down, and stores this
polysaccharide.
26. "Roughage" or "Fibre" in our diet is actually due to the presence of _______________, another polymer of
glucose found only in _______________.
27. A pentose sugar contains _______________ carbons, while a hexose sugar contains _______________.
An example of a pentose monosaccharide is _______________. An example of a hexose is
_______________.
28. Table sugar is a _______________ made of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of _____________.
29. Lipids are organic compounds that are _______________ in water. In the body, they serve as
_______________-term energy storage molecules.
30. The 3 most important classes of lipids are neutral fats, _______________, and _______________.
31. Oil, fat, butter are all composed of lipid molecules called _______________ (or ________________
______________). Neutral fats are composed of two types of molecules: _______________ and
_______________.
32. Saturated fatty acids have no _______________ bonds between carbon atoms, and tend to be solid at
room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids are most often found in vegetable oils, and account for the fact
that they are liquid at room temperature.
 33. Butter contains a large proportion of _______________ fatty acids. Excess intake of this type of fatty acid is
known to cause _______________ attacks and strokes.
34. Trans fats are __________________________________________________________________________
35. A phospholipid is a lipid made of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group. It is the primary
component of membranes. The phosphate "head" is _______________, the tail is _______________.
36. _______________ are small lipids containing rings that are all derived from cholesterol. An important
function of these compounds are sex _______________ like progesterone.
37. Place the following terms in order of increasing size: DNA, nucleus, RNA, cell, nucleotide, gene,
chromosome: ________________________________________________________________________
38. _______________ stores genetic information. _______________ carries a copy of that information (e.g. a
message to make insulin) to the ribosomes where _______________ are assembled.
39. What type of molecule is the molecule drawn below? _______________

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C O CH2
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C O CH O CH3
O C O P O CH2 CH2 N+ CH3
H2 O- CH3

40. What is the best one-word description for the molecule to the H H O H H
right? _______________ O
H N C C N C C
Circle the bond that was created when this molecule was formed. O H
R R
What is the name of this type of bond? _______________

41. a) To what class of molecules does the molecule below left belong? _______________
b) Why are these molecules grouped with lipids? ____________________________________________

N
N

N
N
P P P

HO

42. What type of molecule is the one above right? _______________ What is its full name?
_______________. Circle the bond that stores the most energy.