STRAVINSKY An Autobiography PDF
STRAVINSKY An Autobiography PDF
STRAVINSKY An Autobiography PDF
67-63150
Stravlnskii
Stravinsky: an autoi iography
KANSAS CITY, MO P^UC LIBRARY
D DOD1 D43fiSda 3
STRAVINSKY
photo by ERIK SCHAAI,
STRAVINSKY:
AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Igor Stravinsky
JUN271967
CITY MM PlfPlir LIBRARY
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FOREWORD
IGOR STRAVINSKY
PART ONE
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[ 3 ]
STRA FINSKY
tongue very noisily ; and the children
were afraid of
him. So was I. But curiosity used to triumph over
fear. The would gather round him. Then,
children
[ 4 ]
STRAVINSKY
every evening they sang in unison on their way
home after the day's work. To this day I clearly re-
member the tune, and the way they sang it., and
how when
;
I used to singhome, imitating their
it at
heard there.
Winter was quite another story town. My
memories of that do not go so far back as those of sum-
during impressions.
My parents were not specially concerned with
my musical development until I was nine. It is true
[ 6 ]
STRAVINSKY
at the piano/' he replied, "and some without a piano.
As for you, you will compose at the piano." As a
matter of fact, I do compose at the piano and I do
[ 7 ]
STRAVINSKY
and by the
guished and delicate his instrumentation;
latter I mean his choice of instruments and his way
[ 8 ]
STRAVINSKY
that I already loved to distraction., it was my good
fortune to catch a glimpse in the foyer of Peter
[ 9 ]
STRAVINSKY
admiration has continued to grow with the develop-
ment of my musical consciousness.
I think that the beginning of my conscious life
as artist and musician dates from this time.
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ply bad luck? I cannot say, but the result was that I
[ 11 ]
STRA VINSKY
formulated, and, secondly,
in my innermost being I
our mutual affection, that
feared, notwithstanding
there would be misunderstandings which would
[ 12 ]
STRAVINSKY
with this mentality, and it is easy to see what they
looked for and appreciated in music. Obviously nat-
uralism was the order of the day, pushed to the
Moussorgsky !
type of music.
It was thanks to this environment that I got to
C 13 ]
STRA 71NSKY
know the great German composers. As for the
French moderns., they had not yet penetrated into
this and it was only later that I had a chance
circle,
to hear them.
In so far as school life permitted; I used to go
to symphony concerts and to recitals by famous
Russian or foreign pianists ; and in this way I heard
Josef Hofmann, whose serious, precise, and finished
[ 14 ]
STRAVINSKY
seems to me that in spite of his austere conservatism
C 15 ]
STRAVINSKY
zounov, who were joined by Liadov and, later on,
[ 16 ]
STRAVINSKY
nov. I was specially drawn to the former by his me-
lodic and harmonic inspiration, which then seemed
to me full of freshness ; to the latter by his feeling
[ 17 ]
STRA VINSKY
was familiar with those pages of Faust and Carmen
which one heard everywhere, but it was chiefly the
fact that I was always hearing them that had pre-
vented me from consciously forming an opinion of
these musicians. It was only on looking into their
[ 18 ]
STRA VINSKY
of those who did not realize that they themselves
C 19 ]
STRA FINSKY
tersburg. As for ray inclinations and my predilec-
tions for music, they regarded them as mere ama-
teurism, to be encouraged up to a point, without in
the least taking into consideration the degree to
[ 20 ]
STRAVINSKY
member such things., however useful they might
be, always seemed to me dull and boring I was too
^
C 21 ]
STRAVINSKY
with the science of counterpoint opened up at once
a far vaster and more fertile field in the domain of
knew of my existence.
In 1902 Rimsky-Korsakov took his whole
family to spend the summer vacation at Heidel-
[ 22 ]
STRAVINSKY
gone to Bad Wildungen with ray father, who was
already seriously ill. From, there I rushed over to
ion.
C 23 ]
STRAVINSKY
my contemporaries; and that this might discourage
me. He further considered it necessary that my work
should be systematically supervised, and that this
[ 25 ]
STRAVINSKY
Art), and was organizing his exhibitions of pictures.
At the same time my friends Pokrovsky, Nouvel,
[ 26 ]
STRAVINSKY
Rimsky-Korsakov and Liadov, that, notwithstanding
their disapproval,, they had sufficient courage and
finesse not to make a sweeping condemnation of
[ 27 ]
STRAVINSKY
It was at this period that I became acquainted
[ 29 ]
STRAVINSKY
a whole group, or school, is under consideration. I
expression.
About this time I composed a full-sized sonata
for the piano. In this work I was constantly con-
fronted by many difficulties, especially in matters of
[ 30 ]
STRAVINSKY
structed me in the principles of the allegro of a
sonata. He explained these principles with a lucidity
[ 31 J
STRAVINSKY
theless wanted me still to continue my studies of
[ 32 ]
STRAVINSKY
work, including the instrumentation, was under his
control.
H. Wahrlich.
In the season of!907-19Q8, Faune et
Bergkre
was given in public at one of the Belaieff concerts,
t 34 ]
STRAVINSKY
time the Scherzo Fantastique and the
: first act of my
opera, Le Rossignol, the libretto of which I had writ-
ten in collaboration with my friend Mitoussov. It
[ 35 ]
STRAVINSKY
It seems that these sentiments were reciprocated, but
it was only later that I learned so from his family.
[ 36 ]
STRAVINSKY
On returning to the country, and wishing to
pay some tribute to the memory of my master, I
composed a Chant Fun&bre, which was performed
in the autumn, Felix Blumenf eld
conducting, at the
first Belaieff concert, which was dedicated to the
[ 37 ]
STRA FINSKY
the close relations with Diaghileff which lasted for
[ 38 ]
STRAVINSKY
to upset all my plans. Diaghileff, who had just
reached St. Petersburg, asked me to write the music
[ 59 ]
STRAVINSKY
compared with opera, which, though mis-
cially as
handled and turned into musical drama (which is
not at all the same thing) ,
still retained its own pres-
tige. This was particularly the point of view in re-
[ 40 ]
STRAVINSKY
lightened and cultured aristocrat from commis-
Theatres.
[ 41 ]
STRAVINSKY
produced by such ballets as Les Dances du Prince
good claret.
[ 42 ]
STRAVINSKY
and correct him so tactfully that no one noticed his
ographer.
Here must say more of Diaghileff, because
I
[ 43 ]
STRAVINSKY
contrary., his reasoning powers were unerring, and
he had a most rational mind and, though he fre- ;
[ 44 ]
STRAFINSKY
Iworked strenuously at it, and when I finished it on
time I felt the need of a rest in the country before
success in it.
[ 45 ]
STRA 7INSKY
by Diaghileff 's artists, and the talent of the chore-
ographer. I must admit, however, that the choreog-
[ 46 ]
STRAVINSKY
meeting several persons of importance in the world
of music, such as Debussy, Ravel, Florent Schmitt,
[ 47 ]
STRAVINSKY
scribed it to my friend, Nicholas Roerich, he being
a painter who had specialized in pagan subjects. He
welcomed my inspiration with enthusiasm, and be-
came my collaborator in this creation. In Paris I told
[ 48 ]
STRAVINSKY
walking beside the Lake of Geneva, to find a title
[ 49 ]
STRAVINSKY
scene
ka's death. I began at once to compose the first
of the ballet, which I finished at Beaulieu, where I
entrusted the
By mutual agreement, Diaghileff
whole decor of the ballet, both the scenery and the
[ 50 ]
STRAVINSKY
posed by the ignorant inventors of the absurd name,
Petrograd.
When I returned to Beaulieu, I resumed work
on my score, but its
progress was interrupted. I be-
came seriously ill with nicotine poisoning, and was
at the point of death, this illness causing a month of
[ 51 ]
STRAVINSKY
and had a talent for making the past live, so that
these expeditions provided a veritable education in
which I delighted.
[ 52 ]
STRAVINSKY
At the dress rehearsal at the CMtelet, to which
the Press and the elite of the artistic world had been
invited, I remember that Petroushka produced an im-
mediate effect on everyone in the audience with the
sally.
C 55 ]
STRAVINSKY
crowd had been neglected. I mean that they were
finest creations.
[ 54 ]
STRAVINSKY
composed a cantata for choir and orchestra Zvez- ;
[ 55 ]
STRAVINSKY
master. However that may be, his idea was to make
Nijinsky compose, under his own strict supervision,
gestion of Bakst,
who was obsessed by ancient
Greece, this tableau was to be presented as an ani-
mated bas-relief, with the figures in profile. Bakst
[ 56 ]
STRAVINSKY
only because it was so much discussed at the time. At
this date the aesthetics and the whole spirit of this
kind of scenic display seem so stale that I have not
the least desire to discuss them further.
[ 57 ]
STRA V IN SKY
in his box at the Op6ra Comique, that I heard for
[ 58 ]
STRAVINSKY
hours and visited the museum. Next day my dear,
[ 59 ]
STRA VINSKY
beer. But hardly had I had time to light a cigarette
when the trumpet blast sounded again,
demanding
another period of contemplation. Another act to be
gious rite?
[ 60 ]
STRAVINSKY
which patronized them. They were religious cere-
monies bordering on the canonical rites, and such
aesthetic qualities as they might contain were
merely accessory and iniintentional, and in no way
affected their substance. Such ceremonies were due
to the imperious desire of the faithful to see the ob-
jects of their faith incarnate and in palpable form
the same desire as that which created statues and
C 61 ]
STRAVINSKY
cernment, and certainly of bad taste. But is it at all
[ 62 ]
STRAVINSKY
These lacunae were so serious that his plastic vision,
[ 63 ]
STRAVINSKY
them accord with the tempo, its divisions and values.
[ 64 ]
STRAVINSKY
pany but was strongly upheld by Diaghileff, he
became presumptuous,, capricious, and unmanage-
able. The natural result was a series of painful in-
the stage.
But now that this great artist is, alas ! the vic-
C 65 ]
STRA FINSKY
the time from telling Nijinsky what I thought of his
efforts as a ballet master. I did not like to do so. I had
to spare his self-respect,, and I knew in advance that
[ 66 ]
STRAVINSKY
gave preference to Cleopdtre, and, in complimenting
Diaghileff ; told him that he would send his Egyp-
tologists to see the ballet and take a lesson from it.
He apparently thought that Bakst's fantastic color-
dispute.
[ 67 ]
STRAVINSKY
Budapest, the next town
we visited, made a
inhabitants are
very agreeable impression on me. Its
[ 68 ]
STRAVINSKY
add that Russians were not very popular in Austria
not the first time that things of that sort have hap-
[ 69 ]
STRA VINSKJ
perspective and space shown by their art incited me
to find something analogous in music. Nothing
could have lent itself better to this than the Russian
version of the Japanese poems, owing to the well-
explained here.
Towards the end of the winter, Diaghileff gave
me another commission. He had decided to give
[ 70 ]
STRAVINSKY
sorgsky had indicated only the theme an authentic
Russian song.
When I saw how much there was to be done,
and still
having to finish the score of the Sacre, I
[ 71 ]
STRA VINSKY
as it
asbadly violated in the Diaghileff compilation
was in Rimsky-Korsakov's Meyerbeerization of Boris
Godounov.
While Ravel was at Clarens I played him my
Japanese poems. An epicure and connoisseur of in-
strumental jewelry, and quick to discern the subtle-
ties of writing, he grasped the idea at once and de-
cided to do something similar. Soon afterwards he
[ 72 ]
STRAVINSKY
formance I was at Nijinsky's side in the wings. He
was standing on a chair, screaming "sixteen, seveft-
[ 75 ]
STRAVINSKY
then, and still strikes me most, about the choreog-
of
raphy, was and is Nijinsky's lack of consciousness
what he was doing in creating it. He showed therein
his complete inability to accept and assimilate those
[ 74 ]
STRAVINSKY
or lack of For it is
understanding. undeniably
clumsy to slow down the tempo of the music in or-
der to compose complicated steps which cannot be
deliberate. It is
impossible, after the lapse of twenty
[ 75 ]
STRAVINSKY
nection with this very production. Among the most
my with
naive, and,, to great astonishment, signed
C 76 1
STRAVINSKY
music, which Debussy had already played to me on
the piano. How well that man played! The anima-
tion and vivacity of the score merited a warmer re-
by his
buoyant disposition, and I much appreciated
the delicacy and penetration of his musical feeling,
to which his compositions alas! far too few in
number bear witness. He was also gifted in many
other ways, so that he was very good company.
C 77 ]
STRA VINSKY
three short pieces for voice and piano, called Sou-
[ 78 ]
STRAVINSKY
lyrical scene. But they insisted upon the entire opera
[ 79 ]
STRA VINSKY
more easy for him because he was to produce Rim-
[ 80 ]
STRAVINSKY
remember that it was at one of his rehearsals that he
C 81 ]
STRAVINSKY
night later war was declared. As I had been ex-
empted from military service, there was no need for
me to return to Russia, which, though I had no ink-
ling of it ? I was never to see again as I had known it.
/VAW/VVVVVVVVI/VVVVUXVVtrVVVVVVVVVVVX
[ 85 ]
STRAVINSKY
to express something, this is only an illusion and not
a reality. It is simply an additional attribute which,
by tacit and inveterate agreement, we have lent it,
C 84 ]
STRAVINSKY
life. One could not better define the sensation
pro-
duced by music than by saying that it is identical
with that evoked by contemplation of the
interplay
of architectural forms. Goethe
thoroughly under-
stood that when he called architecture petrified
music.
Chansons Plaisantes) ,
for voice, with the accompa-
[ 85 ]
STRAVINSKY
Les Noces the whole time. Confined to Switzerland
after the declaration of war, I formed there a little
[ 86 ]
STRAVINSKY
painful situation he felt the need for having a friend
at hand to console him, to encourage him, and to
[ 87 ]
STRAVINSKY
these circumstances I was a little perturbed at the
[ 88 ]
STRAVINSKY
and a painter. Diaghileff later commissioned him to
write the music of the ballet The Triumph of Nep-
[ 89 ]
STRA FINSKY
any heating apparatus, was so acute that the piano
it. For two
strings had succumbed to days I tried to
work there in overcoat fur ; cap, and snowboots, with
a rug over my knees. But I could not go on like that.
class folk who were out all day. I had a piano in-
stalled there ; and at last could devote myself to my
work. I was busy at the time with two compositions :
[ 90 ]
STRAVINSKY
town on the banks of the Lake of Geneva, and there
[ 91 ]
STRAVINSKY
vanished,, Diaghileff, though not without misgiving,
at last opened his door to me. Then, to recompense
him for the long delay, I played him the first two
tableaux of Les Noces. He was moved, and his
so
[ 92 ]
STRAVINSKY
The ballets were given in costume, but against a
black backcloth, the scenery being then in Paris.
Russian Ballet.
C 93 ]
STRAVINSKY
Before returning to Morges, I stayed a few
days more in Paris to see some of my friends,, nota-
[ 94 ]
STRAVINSKY
reaching New York, to insist on my engagement
being definitely settled. I was at that time in great
[ 95 ]
STRAVINSKY
of these instruments. I carried it off to Morges in
and very soon learned to play it well enough
glee,
to enable me compose a part for cymbalon which
to
[ 96 ]
STRAVINSKY
ings of submarines. They even had a rehearsal of an
[ 97 ]
STRAVINSKY
of the impressions gen-
change from the monotony
erallyreceived in passing from one European coun-
of Europe differ far
try to another, for the countries
less among themselves than all them together do
of
[ 98 ]
STRAVINSKY
L'Oiseau de Feu and Petroushka were among those
tries.
[ 99 ]
STRAVINSKY
Spanish folk music. I do not dispute
its distinctive
fioriture.
C 100 ]
STRAVINSKY
the form of two suites, each containing four
pieces,
for a small orchestra, and they are often found in
symphony concert programs. They are sometimes
[ 101 ]
STRAVINSKY
Just before Christinas I had to interrupt every-
[ 102 ]
STRAVINSKY
setting aside Les Noces, which I had taken up again
with the expectation of finishing it very soon.
Diaghileff had gone to Rome, where he was to
[ 103 ]
STRA 7INSKY
and the idea of opening the performance with a
[ 104 ]
STRAVINSKY
at which there was an exhibition of cubist and futur-
ist pictures by his friends and collaborators.
[ 105 ]
STRAVINSKY
hours there. We had both been greatly taken by the
old Neapolitan water colors and fairly combed all
establishments in the
1
had a delightful
week with Lord Berners. I shall
[ 106 ]
STRAVINSKY
whelm me with sorrow just after I reached home.
An old friend of ours who had entered my parents'
;
[ 107 ]
STRAVINSKY
cumbed to typhus. I had not seen him for a long
[ 108 ]
STRAVINSKY
quently I orchestrated this piece, which was called
[ 109 ]
WMMMWVMMMMMMMMAMMMM
[ 110 ]
STRA FINSKY
hold of the idea of creating a sort of little
traveling
theatre, easy from place to place and
to transport to
c in j
STRAVINSKY
the subject of our performance. I introduced them
to Ramuz, who was very responsive to Russian f oik-
[ 112 ]
STRAVINSKY
should have to be content with a very restricted or-
chestra. The easiest solution would have been to use
ties of
hearing. But if the player's movements are
evoked solely by the exigencies of the
music, and do
STRAVINSKY
not tend to make an impression on the listener by
extramusical devices, why not follow with the eye
such movements as those of the drummer., the violin-
[ H6 ]
STRAVINSKY
looked forward, and on September 28, 1918, the first
of my own works.
He was frequently absent, and it was, there-
[ 117 ]
STRA VINSKJ
the few isolated renderings I had heard, good though
sufficient to show me what
they were, had not been
an admirable conductor he was to become, and
how
[ 118 ]
STRAVINSKY
do not pay enough attention to the way in which he
renders the works of days gone by. Ansermet is one
of the conductors who emphatically confirm my
long-standing conviction as to the relationship be-
tween past and present music, the conviction that it
[ 119 ]
STRAVINSKY
Should any consideration at all be given to those
with which we are all familiar and which are all too
[ 120 ]
STRAVINSKY
easy j was necessary not only to reach, a meticulous
it
orchestra.
at that time and did not spare us. One after another
[ 122 ]
STRAVINSKY
the minuet, the waltz, the mazurka, etc. So I com-
[ 123 ]
STRA FINSKT
creased the orchestra without upsetting the equilib-
[ 124 ]
STRA VINSKY
Coliseum., Diaghileff ; after a great deal of trouble,
did finally manage to get permission for himself and
the whole company to go to London via France.
When I saw him in Paris, I naturally told him
about the Soldat, and the pleasure that its success
had given me, but he did not evince the least inter-
[ 125 ]
STRAVINSKY
of the Soldat arose ; and a certain coolness between
[ 126 ]
STRA VINSKY
likedand admired immensely. In his visits to Italy,
[ 127 ]
STRAVINSKY
pages of a musician for whom I felt a special liking
and tenderness.
Before attempting a task so arduous, I had to
[ 128 ]
STRAVINSKY
only is my conscience clear of having committed
[ 129 ]
STRAVINSKY
me with joy. The material I had at my disposal
[ 130 ]
STRAVINSKY
movements had been decided upon I saw to my
that
[ 151 ]
STRAVINSKY
chestral experiments. On December 6 a first per-
[ 132 ]
STRAVINSKY
was given as a ballet by Diaghileff at the Paris
Op&ra.
All the early part of 1920 was filled with ex-
[ 135 ]
STRAVINSKY
worked miracles, and I find it difficult to decide
this remark-
sign, or
the amazing inventiveness of
able man.
I had expected a hostile reception from those
who have constituted themselves the custodians of
eighteenth-century pastiche.
[ 154 ] .
STRAVINSKY
which had helped me bear the severe trials that I
had had to undergo during the war years. I shall
always keep in my heart a feeling of affection for it.
In June I left Morges with my family and
motherland.
[ 135 ]
PART TWO
V\WWWrtAA\VlVVW/V\AWAAM^
[ 139 ]
STRAVINSKY
was also engaged on another work, which originated
as follows :
pianoforte.
It was while still in Switzerland that I heard of
[ 140 ]
STRAVINSKY
I was sincerely attached to him man, and
as a
[ 141 ]
STRA FINSKY
remained foreign to him, was far from discouraging
me.
to my idea, the homage that I in-
According
tended to to the memory of the great musician
pay
ought not to be inspired by his musical thought; on
the contrary, I desired rather to express myself in a
[ 142 ]
.
STRAVINSKY
were published under the title Les Cinq Doigts. In
these eight pieces, which are very easy, the five
Champs-filys^es.
[ 145 ]
STRAVINSKY
of great beauty in the group movements when the
plastic expression was in perfect accord with the
[ 144 ]
STRAVINSKY
an organic equivalent of its own proportions. More-
over., procedure on the part of the choreog-
this
deplorable method.
As Diaghileff 's affairs were at this time in very
low water financially, the reproduction of the Sacre
had been made possible only by the backing of his
friends. I should like especially to mention Mile
Gabrielle Chanel, who not only generously came to
the assistance of the venture,, but took an active part
ment.
In the course of this Diaghileff season at the
Theatre des Champs-filys^es I at last had an oppor-
[ 145 ]
STRAVINSKY
me an impression of freshness and real originality.
Parade confirmed me still further in my conviction
[ 146 ]
STRA VIN SKY
Diaghileff was engaged for a season at the
fate.
[ 147 ]
STRAVINSKY
its entirety. Then came my prolonged stay in Lon-
don ; where Le Sacre was given first at a concert
[ 148 ]
STRAVINSKY
nets and flutes ; frequently taking up again their
liturgical dialogue and softly chanting it, did not
offer sufficient attraction to a public which had so
[ 149 ]
STRA VINSKJ
ing in front of an empty space, with all the more
effort because the players were so far away, was
somewhat disturbing. To conduct or control a group
[ 150 ]
STRA VINSKY
were not in the orchestral score, but were to be
found only in the pianoforte arrangement. I under-
took to orchestrate them, and, as Diaghileff had
himself reversed the order of various numbers, he
asked me also to arrange the harmonic and orches-
tral connections needed.
[ 151 ]
STRA FINSKY
same mentality only needing development, and I
[ 152 ]
STRA FINSKY
It is true that Occidentalism was equally mani-
[ 155 ]
STRA 7INSKY
I were in complete agreement, I asserted my atti-
tude towards the two trends of Russian thought be-
tween which I have just differentiated. On the musi-
cal plane this poem of Pushkin's led me straight to
Glinka and Tchaikovsky, and I resolutely took up
[ 154 ]
STRAVINSKY
giftsand greatly enjoyed my work with him. Later
he became one of DiaghilefPs active collaborators.
With the approach of autumn I had temporar-
There I saw ;
as presented by Diaghileff, that
into it,
and in the most disinterested way, for there
was here no question of enhancing his reputation as
[ 155 ]
STRAVINSKY
cause of my profound admiration for classical ballet,
by the beauty of its or-
which, in its very essence,,
thronged to it.
Unfortunately, the enormous sums
invested in the undertaking compelled the theatrical
[ 156 ]
STRAVINSKY
theatre, and it became necessary to withdraw it. But
the last night, as I learned later, was a veritable
[ 157 ]
^VVVU-VU/VVVWVVVIVVVV^^
[ 158 ]
STRAVINSKY
future the relationships of the movements
(tempi)
and the nuances in accordance with
my
wishes. It is
true that this guaranteed
nothing,, and in the ten
years which have since elapsed I have, alas! had
writing.
[ 159 ]
STRAVINSKY
It was a restless winter for me, as I had to
[ 160 ]
STRAVINSKY
ery and costumes were by Larionov and were one
of his greatest successes) ?
has never been revived in
unforgettable figure.
Mavra had its first concert production at a
[ 161 ]
STRAVINSKY
pieces, especially Mavra, seem out of place. Though
the Polish conduc-
very conscientiously executed by
tor Fitelberg, alternating at that time with Anser-
[ 162 ]
STRAVINSKY
contrapuntal material, the character, and structure
of what I had composed.
brass) ,
I added in Mavra double basses and violon-
cellos and,, episodically, a little trio of two violins
and viola.
[ 165 ]
STRAVINSKY
material manifested itself also in my instrumenta-
[ 164 ]
STRAVINSKY
It was at last decided that it should be staged
at the beginning of June ;
1 925, and Diaghileff asked
me to help Bronislava Nijinska with the rehearsals
of her choreography at Monte Carlo in March and
April. But the essential thing was to find a solution
strumental ensemble.
[ 165 ]
STRAVINSKY
thing, from folk music with the exception of the
theme of a factory song which I used several times
tion.
[ 166 ]
STRAVINSKY
myself the right to use them with absolute freedom.
Inspired by the same reasons as in UHistoire d'un
Soldaty I wanted all my instrumental apparatus to
C 167 ]
STRAVINSKY
on June 13,1 923 ? at the The&tre de la Gait4 Lyrique
in Paris. was admirably conducted by Ansermet,
It
[ 168 ]
STRAVINSKY
visit to Weimar, at the invitation of the
organizers
of a very fine exhibition of modern architecture
[ 169 ]
STRA FINSKY
might mistake me for a vagrant. It was so dark that
I had to abandon the idea and stay at the station,
[ 170 ]
STRAVINSKY
orchestrating Le$ Noces. I finished it in May., 1925,
[ 171 ]
STRAVINSKY
duct a program of my earlier works. From there I
[ 172 ]
STRAVINSKY
met. This time also the conditions provided were
those which are essential if the music is to "be heard
and appreciated by the public.
pieces.
We thus discovered the short "but delicious
purely music.
As I said before, I had not had a chance of see-
[ 174 ]
STRAVINSKY
ing the Gounod operas which Diaghileff was pro-
ducing at Monte Carlo. I know only that the public
had proved indifferent to those performances and
had not appreciated my friend's gesture. In their
uncultured snobbishness the greatest fear of these
[ 175 ]
STRAVINSKY
at official gala performances under the baton of some
star conductor!
[ 176 ]
^WWWVVVIWA/W/VIAV^^
[ 177 ]
STRAVINSKY
and the prospect of creating my work for
as, also,
the manner in which
myself and thus establishing
,
<every day.
C 178 ]
STRAVINSKY
1st I naturally suffered from stage fright, and for a
[ 180 ]
STRAVINSKY
sonare, in contrast to cantare, whence cantata. In
[ 181 ]
STRA FINSKY
aspect for me. Above all I recognized in him the in-
[ 182 ]
STRAVINSKY
Schiller type turned from it, preferring to destroy
[ 183 ]
STRAVINSKY
the Beethoven life and legend, drawing their con-
[ 184 ]
STRAVINSKY
protect him from the stupidity and drivel of fools
who think it up to date to
giggle as they amuse
themselves by running him down. Let them beware ;
[ 185 ]
STRAVINSKY
The former demonstrate their lack of taste,
[ 186 ]
STRAVINSKY
for orchestral opulence of today, has
corrupted the
judgment of the public, and they, being impressed
by the immediate effect of tone color, can no longer
solve the problem of whether it is intrinsic in the
[ 187 ]
STRAVINSKY
panied by Furtwangler. I also gave a concert at the
Bliithnersaal in Berlin, where, among other things,
concert at Marseilles.
[ 188 ]
STRAVINSKY
and the sensational., I found a real taste for the art
[ 190 ]
STRAVINSKY
cordial attachment to, this new, hardy, naive, yet
immense country.
[ 191 ]
STRA VINSK?
nati,who was to accompany me in place of Leopold
Stokowski, who was away just then, had barely
time to rehearse the program for the evening, as he
himself had arrived only that morning. Most con-
he has the score in his head and not his head in the
score.
[ 192 ]
STRA VINSKY
to note that their aim is to outshine one another in
the pursuit of personal triumphs, and generally at
the expense of the music.
direction.
[ 193 ]
STRA FINSKY
Russe, which had put on Pulcinella and the Chant
du Rossignol in a new version by Massine, I re-
composition.
In America I had arranged with a gramophone
[ 194 ]
STRAVINSKY
In these pieces I represented some of the most typi-
cal moments of this kind of musical fete. I began
with a solemn entry, a sort of hymn 5
this I followed
its tonality, but to the fact that I had made all the
music revolve about an axis of sound which hap-
[ 195 ]
STRAVINSKY
by the story, on the music itself ,
ence, undistracted
which would thus become both word and action.
With my thoughts full of this project, I started
[ 196 ]
STRAVINSKY
On my return my mind continued to dwell on
my new work, and I decided to take my subject from
the familiar myths of ancient Greece. I thought that
[ 197 ]
STRAVINSKY
Cocteau. He was delighted with my idea ?
and set to
work at once. We
were in complete agreement in
1927.
[ 198 ]
STRAVINSKY
found in Klemperer not only a devoted
propagandist
of my work, but a forceful
conductor, with a gen-
erous nature and intelligence
enough to realize that
in closely following the author's directions there is
[ 200 ]
^A/WVVVVVU/VVWVVVWVVVVUWVVV^
legend.
[ 201 ]
STRAVINSKY
What a joy it is to compose music to a lan-
[ 202 ]
STRAVINSKY
duce that spring. While in Vienna, I had read in the
[ 203 ]
STRAVINSKY
showy conductors has so greatly increased;
though
in inverse ratio to their technical merits and their
[ 204 ]
STRAVINSKY
his modern repertory! I do not, however, wish to be
misunderstood. I am far from reproaching Tos-
canini for introducing, let us say, the works of Verdi
[ 205 ]
STRAVINSKY
best tradition by the ballet master, Romanov. I was
astounded by the high standard and rigorous dis-
with which a month
cipline of the Scala orchestra,
later I enjoyed making fresh contact when, at the
[ 206 ]
STRAVINSKY
be called homologous. The need for restriction, for
[ 207 ]
STRAVINSKY
it should be heard in Paris for the first time, among
Diaghileff 's
productions on the occasion of the twen-
tieth anniversary of his theatrical activity,, which
occurred that spring. We, his friends ? wished to
commemorate the rare event in the annals of the
theatre of an undertaking of a purely artistic na-
[ 208 ]
STRAVINSKY
Th.6a.tre Sarah Bernhardt on May 30, and was fol-
lowed by two more under Once again
my direction.
I had to suffer from the conditions under which my
work was presented an oratorio sandwiched between
:
[ 209 ]
STRAVINSKY
enjoyed hearing his concerto for harpsichord or
which he himself played on the latter instru-
piano,,
[ 210 ]
STRA VINSKY
I chose as theme Apollo Musagetes that is,
[ 211 ]
STRA VINSKY
with a prologue representing the birth of Apollo.
[ 212 ]
STRAVINSKY
brass, the effects of which have really been too much
exploited of late, and I chose strings.
[ 215 ]
STRAVINSKY
should revolve
writing music in which everything
about the melodic principle. And then the pleasure
of immersing oneself again in the multisonorous
[ 214 ]
STRAVINSKY
for their mechanical piano by Pleyel had been sold
wanted it.
[ 215 ]
STRAVINSKY
exactly as they were written. I lay stress on this
[ 216 ]
STRAVINSKY
tions," one begins to feel profound respect for the
honest skill of the artisan, and it is not without bit-
terness that I am compelled to say how seldom one
finds artists who have it and use it, the rest disdain-
ing it as
something hierarchically inferior.
At the end of February I went to Berlin for the
first performance of my (Edipus, which was being
[ 217 ]
STRAVINSKY
mirable conductor ; Rosbaud ; who,, by his energy,
his taste, his experience, and devotion, succeeded
[ 218 ]
STRAVINSKY
as Jocasta, Louis van Tulder as (Edipus, and Paul
Huf an
,
excellent reader and the way in which my
work was received by the public, have left a particu-
joyment.
Soon afterwards I conducted CEdipus in Lon-
don for the British Broadcasting Corporation. That
institution, with which I had already worked for
general. It is
alleged that they are not musical ; but
[ 219 ]
STRAVINSKY
this is
contrary to my experience. I have nothing
but praise for their ability., precision, and honest,
conscientious work, as shown in all my dealings
with them ; and I have always been struck by the
sincere and spontaneous enthusiasm which charac-
terizes them in spite of inept prejudice to the con-
[ 220 ]
STRAVINSKY
Walter., who ;
thanks to his exceptional ability, made
my task very pleasant, and I was quite free from
anxiety over the rhythmically dangerous passages
which are a stumbling block to so many conductors.
[ 221 ]
STRAVINSKY
other works, Le Sacre, Les Noces, Le Soldat, Le
Baiser de la Fee, and my latest creation, Persephone,
have not yet seen the footlights in Russia. From this
I conclude that a change of regime cannot change
Smallens.
[ 222 ]
STRAVINSKY
orchestras of Paris, whom I knew well ;
as I had fre-
[ 223 ]
STRA VINSKY
my movements and nuances.
scrupulously observed
It was simply a matter of the proportions of which
I have just been speaking, and which had not been
foreseen. I drew Klemperer's attention to it imme-
[ 224 ]
STRAVINSKY
Apollo Musagetes at the Theatre Sarah Bernhardt
in Paris. As a stage performance I got more satisfac-
tion from this than from Les Noces, which was the
latest thing that Diaghileff had had from me.
Georges Balanchine, as ballet master, had arranged
the dances exactly as I had wished that is to say,
in accordance with the classical school. From that
[ 225 ]
STRAVINSKY
custodians of the best classical traditions ; finally,
provincial painter,
little known to the Paris public
[ 226 ]
STRAVINSKY
music of Apollo lacked those elements which evoke
the enthusiasm of the public at a first
hearing.
[ 227 ]
STRAVINSKY
to dinner. An acrid and nauseating smell of garlic
and rancid came through the chinks of the parti-
oil
[ 228 ]
STRAVINSKY
boarding house, the mayor of the village, who was
aware of the goings-on of this charming family, ex-
complain of him.
It was in that atmosphere that I worked at my
Baiser de la Fee.
[ 229 ]
STRAVINSKY
As I was free to choose both the subject and
ing the very thing for the idea that I wanted to ex-
[ 230 ]
STRAVINSKY
live in supreme happiness with her ever afterwards.
As my object was to commemorate the work of
[ 252 ]
STRAVINSKY
the first saw her work, and by
performance that I
left me cold.
[ 255 ]
STRAVINSKY
every rehearsal. At that moment the soloist rises,
[ 254 ]
STRAVINSKY
suite from the music of Le Baiser de la Fee, which
can be played without much difficulty by reason of
the restricted size of the orchestra
required. I often
conduct this suite myself , and I like the
doing so, all
more because in it I tried a style of and or-
writing
chestration which was new to me, and was one by
means of which the music could be appreciated at
the first
hearing.
At the beginning of the 1928-1929 season a
new organization came into being,, known as the
Orchestre Symphonique de Paris, or O.S.P., created
[ 235 ]
STRAVINSKY
work greatly interested me, for here, far better than
with piano rolls, I was able to express all my inten-
tions with real exactitude.
that of
portant object safeguarding his work by
establishing the manner in which it
ought to be
played. This is all the more regrettable since it is not
[ 236 ]
STRAVINSKY
a question of a haphazard gramophone record of
just any performance. Far from that, the very pur-
[ 237 ]
STRAVINSKY
of so much labor will be so little used, even as a docu-
[ 238 ]
STRAVINSKY
velop my technique as a conductor. The frequent
repetition of a fragment or even of an entire piece,
the sustained effort to allow not the slightest detail
[ 239 ]
STRAVINSKY
to turn a
anyone, living no matter where, has only
knob or put on a record to hear what he likes. In-
make for laziness. The radio has got rid of the neces-
[ 240 ]
STRAVINSKY
binations of the utmost variety, listeners fall into a
[ 241 ]
STRAVINSKY
changed, and sometimes distorted, timbres spoils the
ear, so that it gradually loses all capacity for en-
[ 242 ]
^AMMA/VWVWU/VVll'VVWVVVl/VI^
10
of my late friend.
At the beginning of my career he was the first
to single me out for encouragement, and he gave
[ 243 ]
STRAVINSKY
zeal which characterized them, naturally evoked in
me a reciprocal sense of gratitude ; deep attachment,,
[ 244 ]
STRAVINSKY
less frank in our relations with each, other. Rather
than upset him, I evaded these questions, especially
as my arguments would have served no useful pur-
pose. It is true that with age and ill health his self-
most being.
spoken.
After that season in Paris I saw him only once
[ 245 ]
STRA FINSKY
in the neighborhood. On returning late, we were
met by my wife, who had sat up to give us the sad
news which had been telegraphed from Venice.
was not entirely unprepared for his death. I
I
[ 246 ]
STRAVINSKY
to realize everywhere and in everything what a ter-
rible void was created by the disappearance of this
colossal figure, whose greatness can only be meas-
ured fully by the fact that it is impossible to replace
him. The truth of the matter is that everything that
is
original is irreplaceable. I recall this fine phrase
of the painter Constantine Korovine : "I thank you,"
he said one day to Diaghileff, "I thank you for be-
ing alive."
I devoted most of 1929 to the composition of
[ 247 ]
STRAVINSKY
the Octuor, and I myself played my Sonate and my
Serenade for the piano. I take this opportunity of
cussion) .
so delightful at the
beginning of the summer, with
its
green lawns, the beautiful trees in the parks, the
river on its outskirts gay with numberless boats, and
everywhere the frank good humor of healthy ath-
letic youth. In such an atmosphere work is easy, and
I much enjoyed playing my Concerto with that bril-
liant English
musician, Eugene Goossens, as con-
ductor, and myself conducting Apollo and for the
[ 248 ]
STRAVINSKY
first time in England Le Baiser de la Fee for the
B.B.C.
[ 249 ]
STRAVINSKY
theatres would be worn out by their heavy work
throughout the festival season. Besides, as always
happened when the Ballet was on tour, all that the
tion of a capriccio
given by Praetorius, the celebrated
musical authority of the
eighteenth century. He re-
garded it as a synonym of the fantasia, which was a
[ 250 ]
STRAVINSKY
freeform made up of fugato instrumental passages.
[ 251 ]
STRAVINSKY
void of originality. A total lack of arrangement and
color. . . . This music is horrible. This inversion of
of would in ancient
euphony, this violation beauty,
verbosities con-
phasis was pouring out ideological
[ 252 ]
STRAVINSKY
cerning the sublimity of art and its
great pontiffs.,
[ 255 ]
STRAVINSKY
Symphonic form as bequeathed to us by the
nineteenth century held little attraction for me, in-
asmuch had flourished in a period the language
as it
[ 254 ]
STRAVINSKY
nor the function of the instrumental ensemble to
that of an accompaniment.
[ 255 ]
STRAVINSKY
incredible to them, and so they demand explanations.
Yet it seems quite natural to them that a piece of
[ 256 ]
STRAVINSKY
and they will be able to judge on a higher plane
it
[ 257 ]
STRAVINSKY
As always of late years, my work on the Sym-
phonie des Psaumes, begun about the New Year,
write the whole of the other two parts, and did so,
[ 258 ]
STRAVINSKY
and Vienna., I visited
Mainz, Wiesbaden, Bremen,
Munich, Nuremberg, Frankfort-on-Main, and
Mannheim, nearly always playing my Capriccio or
conducting my works.
The first European audition of the Symphonie
des Psaumes took place at the Palais des Beaux Arts
Belgium.
While at Mainz and Wiesbaden I frequently
saw Willy Strecker. He talked to me a good deal
about a young violinist, Samuel Dushkin, with whom
he had become very friendly and whom I had never
met. In the course of our conversations he asked me
[ 259 ]
STRAVINSKY
whether I should care to write something for the
should find a re-
adding that in Dushkin I
violin,
[ 260 ]
STRAVINSKY
kin was all that Willy Strecker had said. Before
knowing him I had been a little doubtful, in spite
of the weight that I attached to the recommendation
[ 261 ]
STRAVINSKY
sion an abnegation that is very rare. His beautiful
mastery of technique comes from the magnificent
school of Leopold Auer, that marvelous teacher to
[ 262 ]
STRAVINSKY
Ansermet. In the first, on February 20, I played my
Capriccio,and on February 24 I conducted my Sym-
[ 263 ]
STRAVINSKY
which generally characterize the musical life of
to have that
technique in one's finger quite tips is
another. I realized the and before
difference, begin-
ning the work I consulted who is a
Hindemith, per-
[ 264 ]
STRAVINSKY
feet violinist. I asked him whether the fact that I did
fingers.
had barely begun the composition of the last
I
[ 265 ]
STRAVINSKY
in time, as the Berlin Rundfunk had secured the
first audition of the Concerto, which was to be
[ 266 ]
STRAVINSKY
ment. had formerly had no great liking for a com-
I
of
range, as they do not require large orchestras
[ 267 ]
STRAVINSKY
dom saw each other, the close agreement between
our views, our tastes., and our ideas, which I had no-
ticed when we first met twenty years before, not
[ 268 ]
STRAVINSKY
that is to say, I wanted to be, like them, an artisan,
just as a shoemaker... [They] composed their
is.
[ 269 ]
STRAVINSKY
Winterthur, and in between I conducted and played
at Konigsberg,Hamburg, Ostrava, Paris, Budapest,
Milan, Turin, and Rome. My visits to the Italian
towns left a particularly pleasant impression. I am
always delighted to go to Italy, a country for which
I have the deepest admiration. And this admiration
is increased by the marvelous regenerative effort
wished to stage. I
agreed in principle, and at the end
of January Andr Gide joined me at Wiesbaden,
where I happened to be staying. He showed me his
poem, which was taken from the superb Homeric
hymn to Demeter. The author expressed his will-
[ 270 ]
STRAVINSKY
agreement was quickly reached. A few months later
I received the first part of the poem and set to work
on it.
lines by Verlaine ?
this was my first experience of
C 271 ]
STRA FINSKY
In March, 1954, having finished the orches-
tral score, I was able to undertake a journey to
[ 272 ]
STRAVINSKY
was absent both from rehearsals and the actual per-
formances. But the incident is all too recent for me
to discuss it with the necessary detachment.
On the other hand, I was completely satisfied
when I conducted Persephone at a B.B.C. concert
Paris performances.
[ 275 ]
STRAVINSKY
aremy ideas, my convictions, and my point of view,
and to describe my attitude towards other mentali-
ties. In short, I have striven to set forth without any
[ 274 ]
STRAVINSKY
not discernible at the
beginning. But it is not sim-
is
[ 275 ]
STRAVINSKY
share the joy which he experiences himself. But, in
misunderstanding.
Unfortunately, perfect communion is rare and ;
[ 276 ]
STRA VINSKY
troushka. Is it any wonder, then, that the hyper-
critics of today should "be dumfounded by a lan-
phraseology.
Their attitude certainly cannot make me devi-
[ 277 ]
STRAVINSKY
forth. I can know only what the truth is for me to-
[ 278 ]
k*W\Wl*VWV
INDEX
[ 279 ]
INDEX
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 52, Capriccio (S) , 220, 247,
181-186, 187, 238, 257, 250, 251, 258, 259, 263,
269 271, 272
Belaieff Mitrophan, 14, 15,
,
Carmen (Bizet) 18
,
[ 280 ]
INDEX
Cocteau, Jean, 105, 145, Dargomijsky, Alexander,
197-198, 201, 207-208 153
Collaer, Paul, 172 Debussy, Claude Achilla,
Colombe, La (Gounod) 1 74 , 27,28,47,55,56,57-58,
Colonne, Judas, 52 63, 76-77, 140-142
Columbia Gramophone Co., Degas, Edgar, 184
235,263 Delage, Maurice, 77
Concertgebouw, Amster- Delibes, Le*o, 17
dam, 188,218 Diaghileff, Serge, 25-26, 58,
Concertino (S) 159 , 39,40, 41,42-44,45,46,
Concerto pour Piano (S) , 48,50,51,53,55-56,58-
163, 168, 177, 178, 179, 59, 65, 64-66, 67, 68, 70,
180, 187-188, 191-192, 71, 72, 75, 74,77,79-80,
193, 198, 220-221, 248, 81, 86-89, 91-95, 94-95,
249, 250, 271 96-97,98, 102,105, 104-
Concerto pour talon (S) , 105, 108, 117, 124-126,
262, 264-267, 269 127, 150, 155, 145, 145,
Congressional Library, 147, 150-151, 153, 155,
Washington, 210 160, 161, 164, 165, 167,
Coolidge, Elizabeth 175, 174-175, 176, 208,
Sprague, 210 209, 222, 225, 226, 245-
Cooper, fimile, 81 247, 249
Coq d'Or, Le (Rimsky- Dieu Bleu, Le (Hahn) 57 ,
[ 281 ]
INDEX
Education Manquee, L' Goethe, Johann Wolfgang
(Chabrier), 174, 175 von, 85
Eighth Symphony (Beetho- Goldoni, Carlo, 105
ven) 238
, Goncharova, Natalie, 91,
Errazuris, Mme Eugenia de, 168
98 Good-humored Ladies, The
-
Essipova, Annette, 14 (Scarlatti Tommasini) ,
[ 282 ]
INDEX
Iturbi, Jose*, 131 Liszt, Franz, 153
Izvestia, Moscow, 182-183 Little House in Kolomna,
The (Pushkin), 153; see
Janacopoulos, Vera, 193, Mavra
209 Litvinne, FSlia, 92
Jeux (Debussy), 63, 76-77
Joergensen, Jolaannes, 196 Machine Infernale, La
Jooss, Kurt, 272 (Cocteau), 197
Jota Aragonaise, La (Glin- Mackay, Clarence H., 189
ka) ,
108 Madrid (S), 109
Mainz Liedertafel, 266
Karsavina, Thamar, 41, 45, Maison,Ren, 273
55 Mallarme", Stphane, 184
Khovanstchina (Moussorg- Maria Christina, Dowager
sky), 70, 71 Queen of Spain, 99, 147
Klemperer, Otto, 198-199, Massine, Leonide, 91, 92,
209,217,223-224,249 103, 105, 126, 127, 130,
Kochno, Boris, 154-155. 133-134, 143-144, 194
Korovine, Constantine, 247 Masson, Louis, 173
Koussevitzky, Serge, 28, Matisse, Henri, 126
123, 148, 150, 171, 177, Mavra (S) 153-154, 158,
,
[ 285 ]
INDEX
Monteux, Pierre, 52, 72, 80, Octuor pour Instruments a
117,216 Vent (S), 162-165, 170-
Montjoie, Paris, 76 171, 172, 180,248
Moodie, Alma, 198 Oeberg, Ernest, 199
Mora, Jean, 86 CEdipus Rex (S) 168, 198, ,
[ 284 ]
INDEX
Peter I, Tsar, 50, 151 Porta, Jose", 151
Petipa, Marius, 41, 155 Poulenc, Francis, 176
Petrarch (C. A. Cingria) , Praetorius, Michael, 250
267 Pr6vost, Germain, 172
Pctroushka (S) , 47, 48-50, Pribaoutki (S) 85, 96, 101,
,
51,55-54,58,66,68,69, 151
80, 99, 104, 147, 199, Pro Arte Quartet, 1 72
202, 205-206, 217, 221, Pro Arte Society, 1 72
222, 275, 276-277 Prokofiev, Serge, 89, 147,
Petroushka (piano arrange- 245
ment) see Three Move-
, Pulcinella (S) 127, 129-
,
[ 285 ]
INDEX
Rieti, Vittorio, 225 Sargent, Harold Malcolm
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Watts, 263
Satie, Erik, 58, 88,145-146
Andreyevitch, 6-7, 8, 9,
47-48, 49, 54, 55, 57, 58, Societa de' Ente Concert!
62, 63-64, 66, 69, 72-76, Orchestrali, Milan, 206
80, 141, 143-145, 147, Soci&te" des Nouveaux Con-
148, 149, 202, 215-216, certs, 171-172
218, 222, 249, 275, 276 Societe" Internationale pour
Sadoven, Helene, 218-219 la Musique Contempo-
Salome (Schmitt), 63 raine, 196
[ 286 ]
INDEX
Socie'te'Philharmonique de Tchaikovsky, Piotr Ilyitch,
Paris, 247 9, 10, 13, 17, 33, 40-41,
S aerate (Satie) 58 , 150, 152, 153, 154, 155,
Soirees of
Contemporary 229,230,231,268-269
Music, Moscow, 26, 28, Tcherepnin, Nikolai Niko-
35 laievitch, 16, 41
Sokolov, Nikolai A., 16 Tchernichova, Lubov, 225
Sokolova, Lydia, 144 Tenicheva, Princess, 55
Soldi de Minuit) Le (Blm- Thoran, Cornell de, 234
sky-Korsakov) 92 ,
Three Movements from
Sonate (S) 168, 180-181,
, Petroushka (S) 154 ,
sky (Ramuz) 86 ,
176
State Choral Society, Lenin- Tristan und Isolde (Wag-
grad, 221 ner) , 69, 175
Stock, Frederick, 191 Triumph of Neptune, The
Stokowski, Leopold, 192 (Lord Berners) 89 ,
C 287 ]
INDEX
Victoria Ena, Queen of Weber, Carl Maria von,
Spain, 99, 147 251-252
Villard, Jean, 116 Wiener, Jean, 172, 178
Volga Boat Song (S) ,
104 Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 66-67
Vsevolojsky, Ivan, 40-41 Woizikovsky, Leon, 176
Wood, Sir Henry, 220
Wagner, Richard, 15, 15,
19,53,60 Zvezdoliki ("The King of
Wahrlich, H., 34 the Stars") (S) , 55, 141
Walter, Bruno, 220-221
[ 288 ]
A FEW PHOTOGRAPHS
AND PORTRAITS OF
IGOR STRAVINSKY
:
IGOR STRAVINSKY
by THEODORE STRAVINSKY
n*
fU %AMU>
Y^4t***\
t^^\ (pj
P& l&yfH*
/
C.-F. RAMUZ
sketch by IGOB STRAVINSKY
IGOR STRAVINSKY and PICASSO
sketch by JEAN COCIEAU