Technical Expert To PV
Technical Expert To PV
Technical Expert To PV
T
Technnical Exppert to
o dev
velop
p grid
con
nnecttion guid
g eline
es an
nd sta
anda ards
forr the King
gdom m of Bahra
B ain
Standards for D
Distribu
uted Solaar PV Pllants to be connnected w
with thee
Distriibution N
Networkk of the Kingdo om of Baahrain
Version 1.3
October 2017
O
h
www.ewa.bh
Tabble of conttents
1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................... 4
2 REFEREENCE DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................... 5
3 TERMS AND DEFIN
NITIONS ..................................................................................................... 5
4 TECHNIICAL REQUIIREMENTS FFOR THE CO ONNECTION N IN PARALLLEL TO THE DISTRIBUT TION
NETWORKSS ................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1 Gen ements ............................................................................................................... 7
neral require
4.2 Con eme ................................................................................................................... 7
nnection sche
4.3 Norrmal operating ranges ......................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Imm
munity to dissturbances ........................................................................................................ 10
4.4.1 Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capabbility ........................................................................................ 10
4.4.2 ROCOF withstand capabilitty .................................................................................................................. 11
4.5 Req
quirements ffor the frequ wer system .............................................. 11
uency stabilitty of the pow
4.5.1 Active powerr response to ffrequency varriations .................................................................................. 11
4.5.2 Active powerr delivery at under‐frequen cies ........................................................................................ 11
4.5.3 Remote limitaation of active
e power ....................................................................................................... 12
4.6 Req
quirements ffor the voltagge stability oof the power system .................................................. 12
4.6.1 wer capability ...................................................................................................................... 12
Reactive pow
4.6.2 Reactive pow
wer control mo odes ............................................................................................................. 13
4.6.3 Power reducttion at increassing voltage .................................................................................................. 15
4.6.4 Reactive currrent injection during a faultt .............................................................................................. 15
4.7 Req agement of tthe power syystem ...................................................... 15
quirements ffor the mana
4.7.1 Connection conditions ........................................................................................................................... 15
4.7.2 Remote discoonnection ........................................................................................................................... 16
4.7.3 Automatic reconnection affter tripping ................................................................................................. 16
4.7.4 Interface Protection ............................................................................................................................... 16
4.7.5 Monitoring, rremote contro ol and informaation exchangge ...................................................................... 19
4.7.6 Power qualityy ......................................................................................................................................... 19
4.8 Mettering ................................................................................................................................. 20
5 COMPLLIANCE ...................................................................................................................... 21
ANNEX A. C
A CONNECTIO
ON SCHEME
ES ............................................................................................ 22
ANNEX B. D
A DEFAULT SEETTINGS OFF INTERFACEE PROTECTIION .................................................... 28
ANNEX C. L
A LIST OF APP
PLICABLE ST
TANDARDS FOR EQUIP
PMENT ................................................ 29
modules ............................................................................................................................... 29
A.1. PV m
A.2. Inverrters ................................................................................................................................... 30
patibility) ....................................................................................... 30
A.3. EMC (Electro Magnetic Comp
ectors ............................................................................................................... 32
A.4. Cablees and conne
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2
biner boxes ........................................................................................................................ 32
A.5. Comb
A.6. LV sw ear ................................................................................................. 32
witchgears and controlge
witchgears aand controlggear ................................................................................................ 33
A.7. HV sw
A.8. Transsformers ............................................................................................................................. 33
A.9. Electrical installaation ................................................................................................................. 34
mounting syystem ................................................................................................................ 35
A.10. PV m
A.11. Grid n ....................................................................................................................... 35
d connection
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3
1 SCOP
PE
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4
2 REFE
ERENCE DOCUMEN
D NTS
[1] Regu ulations for electrical installations, Ministry of Electricity and Waterr, Electricity Distribution
n
Direectorate, Second edition, 2004
[2] IEC 62116:2014 4, Utility‐intterconnectedd photovolttaic inverte ers ‐ Test procedure of islandingg
prevvention measures
[3] IEC 61000‐3‐2:2 2014 Electromagnetic coompatibility (EMC) – Part 3‐2: Limitts – Limits for f harmonicc
currrent emission ns (equipment input currrent ≤ 16 A p per phase)
[4] IEC 61000‐3‐12::2011 Electro omagnetic ccompatibilityy (EMC) ‐ Part 3‐12: Lim its ‐ Limits for
f harmonicc
currrents producced by equipment conneected to public low‐voltage systems w with input current >16 A A
and ≤ 75 A per p phase
[5] Bahrain Grid Cod de, Electricity and Waterr Authority, K Kingdom of B Bahrain, Novvember 2011 1
[6] IEC//TR 61000‐3‐15: 2009, Assessment
A of low freq
quency electromagnetic immunity and a emission n
requuirements fo or dispersed ggeneration ssystems in LV V network
3 TERM
MS AND DEFINITIO
D NS
Active Poweer ‐ Active Power is the real componnent of the aapparent power, expresssed in watts or multipless
thereof (e.g. kilowatts (kW) or meggawatts (MW W)). In the te ext this will b
be genericallly referred a as P or Pn inn
case of ratedd active pow wer of equipm ment.
Apparent Po ower ‐ Is th
he product of
o voltage (inn volts) and current (in amperes). I t is usually expressed in
n
kilovolt‐ampperes (kVA) o or megavolt‐‐amperes (M MVA) and con nsists of a real componennt (Active Po ower) and an n
imaginary coomponent (R Reactive Pow wer). In the t ext this will be generically referred aas S or Sn in case of rated d
apparent po ower of equip pment.
Maximum A Available Acttive Power O Output – Is t he Active Po ower Output determinedd by the prim mary resourcee
(for examplee, sun irradiiance) and by
b the maxim mum steady‐state efficie ency of the ggenerating plant
p for thiss
operating po oint.
Current ‐ Unnless stated o otherwise, current referss to the root‐mean‐square value of pphase current.
Delay time (of a protecction relay) – – Indicates tthe minimum m duration o of a fault dettected by th he protection n
relay beforee the output of the protection relay iss triggered.
Distributionn system / ne etwork ‐ Is tthe medium or low voltaage electricitty grid for suupplying elecctricity to thee
end consum mers; for the sscope of the present doccument and in accordancce with interrnational standards:
A Lo ow Voltage (LV) network is a distribuution networrk with nominal voltage llower than 1 1kV AC or 1.5 5
kV D
DC. The LV neetwork nominal voltage oof the Kingdom of Bahrain is 400/2300V.
A M Medium Voltaage (MV) nettwork is a neetwork with nominal volltage includeed in the ran nge from 1kV V
AC (1.5 kV DC) u up to 35 kV. TThe MV netw work nominaal voltage of tthe Kingdom m of Bahrain is 11kV.
Generating plant ‐ Is an indivisible set of innstallations which
w can generate
g eleectrical energy into thee
distribution network and d is compose ed of generatting units, circuits and au uxiliary servi ces.
Interface Prrotection (IP P) ‐ The electrical proteection required to ensure that eithher the gene
erating plant
and/or any generating unit is disco onnected forr any event that could impair the iintegrity or degrade thee
safety and reeliability of tthe distributiion network..
Islanding ‐ SSituation whhere a portion of the d istribution network,
n conntaining gennerating plannts, becomes
physically d
disconnected d from the rest of the distribution n network and one or more generrating plantss
maintain a ssupply of elecctrical energgy to such isoolated part o of the distribu
ution networrk.
Loss Of Maiins (LOM) – Represents an operatingg conditionss in which a distribution network, orr part of it, iss
on purpose separated frrom the main n power systtem with the e final scope of de‐energiization.
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5
Main electrricity meter ‐ Is the de
evice installeed at the PO
OC and whicch measuress the amoun nt of electricc
energy actuaally exchanged by the customer withh the distribu ution networrk.
Network ‐ P Plant and apparatus connected togeether in orde er to transmit or distribuute electrical power, and d
operated byy the DSO.
PV electricitty meter ‐ Iss the device installed at the commo on output po oint of the s olar PV gene erating plant
and which m measures thee total energyy produced ffrom the solar PV genera ating units.
Point of Co
onnection orr POC ‐ Is thhe location at which a solar PV ge enerating pllant is connected to thee
distribution network and d where the main electri city meter iss installed.
Power Facto or ‐ Is the rattio of Active Power to Appparent Power.
Reactive poower capabiility – Defin nes the reseerves of inductive/capaccitive reactivve power which w can bee
provided byy a generatin ng plant/unitt. The reactivve power capability usua ally varies w ith the activve power and d
the voltage oof the generrating plant/u unit.
Reactive Po ower ‐ Represents the im maginary com mponent of tthe apparentt power, usuually expresssed in kilovar
(kVAr) or Meegavar (MVA Ar).
ROCOF – Rate of changee of frequenccy usually ex pressed in H Hz/s.
Switch – Meechanical deevice capable e of making,, carrying an nd breaking ccurrents in nnormal circu uit conditions
and, when sspecified, in given opera ating overloaad condition ns. In additio
on, it is able to carry, fo
or a specified
d
time, currennts under speecified abnorrmal circuit cconditions, such as short‐circuit condditions.
THD – with reference to o an alternatting quantityy, it represents the ratio o of the r.m. s. value of tthe harmonicc
content to the r.m.s. value of the fun ndamental c omponent o or the referen nce fundameental compo onent.
Voltage ‐ Unnless stated o otherwise, voltage referss to the root‐mean‐square value of pphase‐to‐pha ase voltages.
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6
4 TECHHNICAL REQUIREM
R MENTS FO
OR THE CONNECT
C TION IN P
PARALLEL
L TO THE
E
DISTR
RIBUTION
N NETWORKS
4.1 Gene
eral requiirements
A solar PV ggenerating pllants shall be e connected to the netw work at an ap ppropriate p oint, called tthe POC. It iss
the responsibility of EW WA to design a suitable pprocess whicch determine es the approopriate POC and assesses
the capacityy of the netw work to host the connectting solar PV V generating plant at thatt POC whilstt maintainingg
a safe and seecure operattion of the network for aall operating conditions.
If the resultss of such proocess put in evidence th at the conne ecting solar PV generatinng plant is likkely to causee
the networkk to possibly operate outtside of EWA A statutory performance standards, EEWA has the right to turn n
down the cconnection application or to proppose modificcations (for example inn terms of POC and/or
characteristics of the so
olar PV geneerating plantt) or alternative solution
ns (for exam
mple in termss of networkk
reinforcemeents) to enab ble the conne ection.
With reference to the requirements defined i n the prese ent documen nt and the ppossibility th
hat different
requirementts may interrfere with ea ach other, tthe protectio
on and control devices oof a solar PV
V generatingg
be organized in accordancce with the ffollowing priority ranking
plant shall b g (from higheest to lowestt):
1. Protection of the generating units;
2. Protection of the network
n (interface proteection and protection
p against
a faultts within the
e customer’ss
networkk);
3. Remote disconnectio on;
4. Active power respon nse to freque ency variatioons;
5. Remote limitation of active power;
6. Remote reactive pow wer control m modes;
7. Local reaactive power control mo odes.
4.2 Conn
nection scheme
A solar PV generating plant shall be in compliancce with the cconnection rrequirementss of EWA; and especiallyy
shall meet thhe following requiremen nts:
the syn nchronization n, operation
n and discoonnection off the plant under norrmal network operatingg
conditio
ons, i.e. in th
he absence of faults or
r malfunction ns, shall be done withoout conseque ences to thee
statutorry power quaality of the network;
the prottection schem mes and settings neededd for the solar PV genera ating plant sshall be coorrdinated with h
the netw
work protecction scheme es and settinngs; they sh
hall therefore be agreedd between EWA
E and thee
V generating plant ownerr with the folllowing scope:
solar PV
o faults and malfunctions within thee solar PV generating plant shall not impair the normaal
operation off the distribu ution networrk,
o the protection schemes and settinngs for inte ernal electrical faults m
must not jeoopardize thee
performancees of the solar PV generaating plant;
o the protection schemes of the solarr PV generatting plant shall be coorddinated with those of thee
distribution network in o order to opeerate properly in case of faults withinn the genera ating plant or
within the distribution n networks.
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7
In order too satisfy thee above reqquirements, Error! Refe erence sourcce not founnd. presentss the typicaal
equipment w which shall b be at least innstalled for aa safe and re eliable interconnection off the solar PV generatingg
plant with th he distributioon network:
The main switch sh hall be insta
alled as closse as possibble to the POC
P and shaall be comm manded by a a
protection system against
a interrnal faults1; the main swwitch is also
o used for tthe disconne ection of thee
customeer’s networkk from the distribution
d nnetwork; it is possible to
o install up tto two main
n switches inn
order, ffor example,, to have twwo separatee circuits, on ne dedicated d to the cu stomer’s loa ads and onee
dedicateed to the solar PV genera ating plant.
The inteerface switch shall be installed in tthe custome er’s networkk to separatte from the e distribution n
networkk the part(s) of the custtomer’s netw work contain ning at least one solar PPV generatin ng unit; for a
a
solar PVV generating plant with a rated activee power greaater than 11kW, unless eexplicitly agrreed by EWA A,
only onee interface sw witch shall be used (see aalso §4.7.4).
The unitt switch shaall be installed as elect rically close as possible e to the term minals of ea
ach solar PVV
generatiing unit of th he generating plant, for tthe protectio on and the disconnectionn of that generating unit..
ANNEX A presents typical connection schemess which can n be adopted for the coonnection of o a solar PV V
generating p plant to EW
WA distributioon networkss. Different arrangement
a ts may be uused if previo
ously agreed d
with EWA.
For each of the above m mentioned eq quipment, thhe choice of the type of switch to bee installed (p power relayss,
contactors o or mechanicaal circuit brea akers, …) shaall be based on:
the funcctions the sw witch shall carry out,
the charracteristics o of the custom mer’s networrk.
Especially, th he following criteria shall be adoptedd:
the main n switch shall be complia ant with the requirementts of [1]2,
the switch(es) of thee generating unit(s) shall be complian nt with the m manufacturerr’s requirements,
Electron nic switches sshall not be u used for pro tective functtions.
For solar PV generatting plants cconnected too the MV disstribution ne etwork and w with the inte erface switch h
on the MMV side of th he plant (Figuure 8), the innterface swittch shall conssist of:
o three‐polar withdrawable automaticc circuit breaaker operated by an undeervoltage rellease, or
o three‐polar automatic ciircuit breakeer operated b by an undervvoltage releaase along witth an isolator
(either upstrream or dow wnstream thee circuit breaaker).
For solar PV generatting plants cconnected too the MV disstribution ne etwork and w with the inte erface switch h
on the LLV side of th he plant or fo or solar PV ggenerating p plants conne ected to the LV distribution networkk,
the interface switch shall consistt of:
o automatic circuit breake er or switch ddisconnectorr operated by an undervooltage releasse, or
o omnipolar A AC3 contacto or.
any swiitch shall haave a breakking and m aking capaccity coordina ated with tthe rated va alues of thee
customeer’s network, taking into consideratioon both the ggenerating p plant and thee passive load ds.
the shorrt‐time withsstand curren nt of the swittching devices shall be coordinated w with the maximum short
circuit power at the POC3.
1
For the defiinition of the requirementss of the proteection system against faults within the ccustomers’ ne
etwork, pleasee
refer to [1]
2
With particu
ular referencee to section 5 “EXCESS CURR RENT PROTEC CTION”
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8
In case of loss of auxiliary
a sup
pply power tto the switcchgear, a secure discon nection of the
t switch is
requiredd immediately.
Figure 11: Schematicc representation for the interconnecction of a sollar PV generrating plant w
with the
bution netwoork of the Kingdom of Bahrain
distrib
The function n of the interface switch might be coombined with either the main switchh or the gene erator switchh
witching devvice4. In case of a combinnation, the single switchin
in a single sw ng device sh all be compliant with thee
requirementts of both, th he interface switch and tthe combine ed switch (main switch oor generator switch). As aa
consequence, at least tw wo switches in series shaall be alwayss present bettween a solaar PV generating unit and d
the POC.
Figure 2: LV
VRT characteeristic for so
olar PV generrating plant
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0
4.4.2 ROC COF withstand capabilitty
Solar PV gen
nerating plants, when generating poower, shall b
be able to go
o through frrequency tra
ansients with
h
frequency w
within the freequency norm
mal operatinng range (§4.3) and with ROCOF valuee up to 2 Hz//s.
4.5 Requ
uirements
s for the frequency
f y stability of the po
ower systeem
4.5.1 Actiive power reesponse to ffrequency vaariations
A solar PV ggenerating plant
p shall be
e capable off activating the
t provision n of active ppower respo
onse to overr‐
frequency transients acccording to the curve oof Figure 35, with frequ uency threshhold and drroop settings
adjustable and to be speecified by EW WA;
the freq quency thresshold shall be
b settable aat least betw
ween 50 Hz and 52 Hz i nclusive; if not explicitlyy
specified d by EWA, thhe threshold shall be set to 50,3Hz;
the droo op settings sshall be betw ween 2% andd 12%; if no ot explicitly sspecified by EWA, the drroop shall bee
set to 4,4%;
the pu aactive power shall be refe erred to the actual active e power valu ue when the threshold is reached and d
the activve power ressponse is acttivated.
The resolution of the freequency measurement sshall be ±10mHz or less.. The active power respo onse shall bee
activated as fast as possible and shall be delivereed with an acccuracy of ±1 10% of the nnominal power.
Figure
e 3: Active po PV generatin g plant
ower freque ncy responsse for solar P
4.5.2 Actiive power deelivery at un nder‐frequeencies
A solar PV generating plant shall be
b resilient to reduction ency at the POC, limitin
ns of freque ng as low ass
possible the reduction oof its maximu um active pow wer due to uunder‐freque ency operati ng condition ns.
5
In the figuree, the power 1
1 p.u. refers to
o the actual o utput power aat the time the frequency tthreshold is re
eached.
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1
4.5.3 Rem mote limitatiion of active e power
A solar PV ggenerating plant with a ra ated active ppower greater than or eq qual to 11kW W shall be eq quipped with h
an interfacee (input port)) which is abble to receivee, from a rem mote control center, an instruction requiring thee
reduction off the active p
power output.
The reductioon of active p
power shall b be carried ouut as fast as possible and d with an acccuracy greate er than 5% o of
Pn.
In accordannce with the provisions set forth in §4.7.5, EWA shall have the rright to spe ecify further
requirementts in terms o of equipment, communiccation protocol, information to be exxchanged an nd/or time of
which allow to integrate
execution, w e such featuure into the control systems of its ddistribution network and d
w to remotelly limit the active poweer output of the solar PV generatin g units conn
which allow nected to itss
network.
4.6 Requ
uirements
s for the voltage
v sttability of the powe
er system
4.6.1 Rea active powerr capability
When voltagge and frequ g ranges, a ssolar PV generating plant
uency at POC are withinn their normal operating
shall be ablee to provide reactive power in any ooperating po
oint within th active power
he boundariees of the rea
6
capability deefined in Figu
ure 4 .
6
The active ppower 1 p.u. sshall refer to tthe rated acti ve power valu
ue of the sola
ar PV generatiing plant: at 1
1 p.u. of activee
power, the reeactive powerr capability off a solar PV geenerating plannt correspond ds to a power factor varyingg between 0,9 9
leading to 0.99 lagging.
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2
Figure 4: Reeactive powe
er capability
y
With referen nce to Figuree 4, when the e solar PV geenerating plaant operates in the desiggn free area ((i.e. above itss
rated activee power beccause of favorable envirronmental conditions), it i is allowedd to reduce the reactivee
power capab bility according to the wiidest possibl e technical ccapability of the generatiing units.
When the so olar PV generating plant is operating above a thre eshold of 10 % of its nom minal appare ent power Sn n,
the required d reactive poower shall be
e provided w with an accuracy of ±2% S Sn. Below thee threshold o of 10% of Sn n,
a permissi ble; neverth
deviations aabove 2% off accuracy are heless the accuracy sha ll always bee as good as
technically ffeasible and shall not excceed 10% of Sn.
4.6.2 Rea active powerr control mo odes
A solar PV geenerating plaant shall be capable of ooperating in tthe control m modes statedd below, within the limitss
of its reactivve power cap pability:
Q fix : th he reactive p
power is conttrolled in ordder to have aa fix value ;
Cos φ fixx : the reactive power is controlled inn order to haave a fix pow wer factor;
Cos φ (P P) : the reacttive power iss controlled in order to h
have a powe er factor funcction of the actual activee
power d delivery;
The above ccontrol modees are exclussive; only on e mode mayy be active at a time. Thee activation, deactivation
n
and configurration of thee control mod
des shall be ffield adjustaable.
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3
4.6.2.1 Fixx control mo odes
When operaated with Q fix or cos φ fix control m mode, the so olar PV gene erating unit sshall control the reactivee
power or the cos φ of its output acccording to a sset point sett in the contrrol system off the solar PV generatingg
plant.
For a solar PV generatiing plant with a rated aactive powe
er greater th
han or equa l to 11kW, the solar PV
V
generating p plant shall allso be able to receive th e set‐point ffrom a remote control ceenter in acco ordance with h
the provisions set forth iin §4.7.5.
4.6.2.2 Po ower related d control mode
The power rrelated contrrol mode coss φ (P) contrrols the cos φ φ of the outp put as a funcction of the active power
output. A ch haracteristic with a minimmum and maaximum valu ue and three e connected lines accord ding to Figuree
5 shall be coonfigurable w within the coontrol system ms of the solar PV genera ating plant; aa change in active power
output resullts in a new ccos φ set point accordingg to the charracteristic.
The parameeters A, B an nd C shall be e field adjusttable and their settings are the respponsibility off EWA. If not
explicitly speecified by EW
WA, these pa arameters shhall be set as indicated be elow:
A P = 0 Pn cos = 1
B P = 0,5 P
Pn cos = 1
C P = Pn cos = 0.9 olar PV generrating plant aabsorbing
(with the so
reactivee power)
The responsse to a new ccos φ set point value shaall be as fast as technically feasible affter the neww value of thee
active poweer is reached.. The accuraccy of the conntrol to eachh set point sh
hall be accordding to the rrequirementss
of §4.6.1.
The implementation of a lock‐in and lock‐out vvoltage level shall be con nfigurable, eeach in the rrange 90% too
110% of the nominal volltage at POC: the contribbution is activated when the voltage at POC exceeds the lockk‐
in voltage aand is deacctivated whe
en the voltaage at POC drops belo
ow the lock‐‐out voltage
e. When thee
contributionn is not activaated, the solar PV generaating plant shall be contrrolled with a unit power factor.
4
Page | 14
5: Characterristic for Cos φ (P) contro
Figure 5 ol mode
4.6.3 Pow wer reductio on at increassing voltagee
In order to aavoid the dissconnection due to overrvoltage prottection, a solar PV generrating plant is allowed to o
reduce its p
power outpu ut (active an
nd/or reactivve power) as
a a function n of the risiing voltage at POC. Thee
implementeed logic can b be chosen byy the manufaacturer/custtomer. Nevertheless, thee implemented logic shalll
not cause steps or oscillaations in the power outpput.
4.6.4 Rea active currennt injection d during a fauult
The provisioon of reactivee current during a fault iis currently n not required d for solar PV V generatingg plants. Such h
feature migght be introduced in th he future in a scenario of a growing penetrattion level of distributed d
generation aand a decreaasing short ciircuit power of the powe er system of the Kingdom m of Bahrain..
4.7 Requ
uirements
s for the managem
m ment of the
e power system
4.7.1 Connection con nditions
A solar PV ggenerating plant is allowwed to conneect to the ne etwork and tto start to ggenerate elecctrical power
due to norm
mal operational start‐up,, when the vvoltage and frequency are
a within thhe following range for at
least the obsservation tim
me:
Frequen ncy range 47,5 Hz ≤ f ≤ 50,05 HHz;
Voltage range 94% Uc ≤ U ≤ 106% Uc;
Minimum m observatio on time 180s.
ng a solar PV
Synchronizin V generatingg plant with the distribution network shall be fuully automatic i.e. it shalll
ween the tw
not be possiible to manually close the switch betw o carry out ssynchronization7.
wo systems to
7
It means that the switch u
used for the syynchronisatio n with the network cannot be a manual switch.
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5
The synchro onization of a solar PV generating
g pplant to the distributionn network shhall not crea
ate transient
voltage variaation at the POC of more e than 3% of rated voltagge.
After connection, a solaar PV generating plant shhall follow its target active power vaalue with a vvariation ratee
not greater tthan 10% Pn/min.
/
The active ppower targett shall be the e maximum available acctive power o output whichh is possible e to generatee
from the ssolar PV geenerating plant, taking into accou unt the envvironmental conditions (irradiation n,
temperaturee, …), exceptt for the operating condittions when tthe power ou utput shall foollow change es due to thee
provision of some of thee services spe ecified in thiss document (see §4.5.1, 4.5.3 and 4. 6.3).
4.7.2 Rem mote disconn nection
A solar PV ggenerating plant with a ra ated active ppower greater than or eq qual to 11kWW shall be eq quipped with h
a logic interfface (input p
port) in order to disconn ect from the e network fo ollowing an innstruction re eceived at its
interface.
In accordan nce with the provisions set forth in §4.7.5, EWA shall have the rright to spe ecify further
requirementts in terms of equipment, time oof execution n, communiccation protoocol and/or data to bee
exchanged, to integratee such featurre into the ccontrol syste
ems of its distribution n etwork and to allow thee
remote disco onnection off the solar PV V generatingg plants conn nected to its network.
4.7.3 Auto omatic reco onnection affter trippingg
After the trip of the inteerface protecction, a solarr PV generatting plant is a allowed to reeconnect to the networkk
only if the vo
oltage and frrequency are e within the ffollowing range for at lea ast the obse rvation time e:
Frequen ncy range 47,5 Hz ≤ f ≤ 50,05 H Hz;
Voltage range 94% Uc ≤ U ≤ 106% Uc;
Minimum m observatio on time 180s.
After reconnnection, the solar PV gen nerating plannt shall return to its targe
et active powwer value witth a variation
n
rate not greaater than 100% Pn/min.
4.7.4 Inteerface Protecction
The purposee of the interrface protecttion is to:
disconneect the solarr PV generatiing plant from bution netwo
m the distrib ork in the folllowing casess
o EWA switches off the distribution nnetwork (or tthe feeder) tthe generatiing plant is cconnected to o
(i.e. to preveent unintentional islandi ng);
o Voltage or frequency
f trransients of the power system out of the norm
mal operatin
ng ranges ass
defined in §4.3.
4
prevent the solar PV V generating plant, whenn generating power, to cause overvooltages in the e distribution
n
networkk it is conneccted to;
It is not the purpose of tthe interface e protection tto:
disconneect the geneerating plantt from the ddistribution network in case of faultts within the
e customer’s
networkk; for such isssues, the req
quirements ffor the conne ection of passsive custom mers shall app ply [1]8;
8
Especially Seection 5 “EXCESS CURRENT
T PROTECTION
N”
Page | 16
6
prevent damages to o the custom mer’s equipmment (generaating units o or loads) duee to faults/in
ncidents (e.gg.
short cirrcuits) on th
he distributio
on network or on the cu
ustomer’s in
nternal netw
work; for such issues, thee
recomm mendations and requirem ments of the mmanufacture ers of the equipment shaall apply.
In any case, the protecttion schemess and settinggs for electriical faults wiithin the cusstomer’s nettwork as welll
as those useed for the prrotection of the customeer’s equipme ent must nott jeopardise the perform mances of thee
requirementts set out at §4.4 (immun nity).
The interfacce protection shall be a
a dedicated device whicch acts on the
t interfacee switch. Fo or a solar PV
V
generating p plant with a
a rated activve power loower than 11kW, it is permitted
p too integrate the
t interfacee
protection in nto the solarr PV generating units.
The interfacce protectionn shall comm
mand the intterface switch; for a sollar PV generrating plant with a ratedd
active poweer greater th
han 11kW, unless
u explic itly agreed by EWA, only one interfface protecttion and onee
interface swwitch shall bee used for a ssolar PV geneerating plantt.
For a solar PPV generatin ng plant with h a rated acttive power ggreater than 20kW, the i nterface pro otection shalll
additionally act on anotther switch ((backup swittch) with a p proper delayy in case thee interface sw witch fails to o
operate. Thee backup switch may con nsist of a deddicated switcch or an already existing switch9. Wh hen the backk‐
up switch iss triggered because thee interface sswitch had failed to oppen, only maanual reclossure shall bee
possible10.
For a solar PV generatiing plant with a rated aactive poweer greater th
han 11kW, tthe power supply of thee
interface pro otection shall include an uninterrupttible power ssupply.
The loss of tthe auxiliaryy voltage of e either the in terface prottection or the solar PV g enerating plant’s contro ol
system shalll trigger the iinterface switch withoutt delay.
The protectiion functionss required in the Interfacce Protection n are the following:
Undervo oltage [27]
o One thresho old [27<] in tthe range [200%; 100%] of the POC no ominal voltagge adjustable by steps o of
5%, and delaay time in the range [0,1 s;100s] adjustable in steps of 0,1s;
o One thresho old [27<<] in the range [00%; 100%] of the POC no ominal voltagge adjustable by steps o of
5%, and delaay time in the range [0,1 s;5s] adjustaable in steps of 0,05s.
Overvolttage 10 min mean [59‐Avv]11
o One thresho old in the rannge [100%; 1115%] of the e POC nominal voltage addjustable by steps of 1% %,
and delay timme lower tha an or equal tto 3s;
Overvolttage [59]
o One thresho old [59>] in tthe range [1100%; 120%] of the POC nominal volltage adjusta able by stepss
of 1%, and d
delay time in the range [00,1s;100s] ad djustable in ssteps of 0,1ss;
9
It is anywayy recommendeed not to use the main swittch as back‐upp switch since it could lead to the disconnection of thee
overall custom mer’s facility in the case th he interface sw open, with the consequencce of the pow
witch fails to o wer supply also
o
being removeed to customeer’s loads.
10
The reasonns are that itt is required that the plannt operator first
f acknowle
edges and chhecks the reasons why thee
interface swittch failed to o open, then rem medies the tecchnical issues and finally re esumes operattion.
11
voltage prootection function using the 10 minutes r..m.s. voltage aas input
Page | 17
7
o One threshoold [59>>] in the range [1100%; 130%] of the POC C nominal vo ltage adjusta able by stepss
delay time in the range [00,1s;5s] adjustable in steps of 0,05s.
of 1%, and d
Overfreq quency [81>]
o One thresho old [81>] in the range [500Hz; 53Hz] ad djustable by steps of 0,1 Hz, and dela ay time in thee
range [0,1s;100s] adjustable in stepss of 0,1s;
o One thresho old [81>>] in
n the range [[50Hz; 53Hz]] adjustable by steps of 0,1Hz, and d delay time in n
the range [0
0,1s;5s] adjusstable in stepps of 0,05s;
Underfeequency [81<<]
o One thresho old [81<] in the range [477Hz; 50Hz] ad djustable by steps of 0,1 Hz, and dela ay time in thee
range [0,1s;100s] adjustable in stepss of 0,1s;
o One thresho old [81<<] in
n the range [[47Hz; 50Hz]] adjustable by steps of 0,1Hz, and d delay time in n
the range [0
0,1s;5s] adjusstable in stepps of 0,05s;
Loss Of M Mains:
for tthe LOM pro
otection fun
nctions, a wiide variety of
o approache es can be ussed: besidess the passivee
obseervation of vvoltage and frequency, oother active and passive e methods a re available and used to o
deteect unintentional islanding situationns but only some
s of the
ese methodss rely on sta andards. Thee
pressent documeent doesn’t in ntend to speecify the metthod to be used to achievve the goal b but rather its
efficcacy; for such a reason, tthe only reqquirement on n LOM prote ection is thatt the protecttion function n
shall be tested in accordancce with [2] (oor other equivalent stand dards) whichh provides procedures to o
evaluate the peerformance of islandingg prevention measures used with uutility‐interco onnected PV V
systeems.
The LOM prrotection fun nctions shall have the poossibility to be excluded or the LOM M settings to be modified d
suitably.
The protectiion functionss for undervoltage [27] aand overvolttage [59] sha all be fed by all the line vvoltages withh
at least onee solar PV generating
g unit,
u whereaas the prote ection functtions for unnderfrequenccy [81<] and d
overfrequen ncy [81>] shaall be fed by a at least one line voltagess.
EWA is resp ponsible to define
d the ap
ppropriate ssettings to be applied to o the interfacce protectio
on and whichh
can ensure tthe correct ttripping of tthe solar PV generating plant under specific connditions. The e settings aree
chosen so tthat, in casee a fault witthin the disttribution network trigge ers the netw work protecttion systemss
(which in turn disconnecct the faultyy feeder), theere could no ot be any recclosure of thhe network switch beforee
all the solar PV generatin ng plants havve been discconnected.
ANNEX B prroposes defaault settingss for the diffferent prote ection functions. Such ssettings shall be actuallyy
applied in thhe IP of a so
olar PV geneerating plantt only in casse no setting
gs have beenn explicitly specified
s and
d
communicatted by EWA.
The interfacce protection n shall have a at least two configurable e digital inpuuts which maay be used in n the future12
by EWA forr transfer trip, remote tripping
t or aany other fu unction thatt may be neecessary to increase thee
capacity of the distribution networrks to host ddistributed generation
g while
w keepingg an acceptable level of
reliability.
12
In a scenarrio of growingg penetration level of distrributed generration in the d
distribution n etworks of th
he Kingdom o
of
Bahrain
Page | 18
8
4.7.5 Mon nitoring, rem mote contro ol and inform mation exch hange
Adequate in nformation concerning th he customerss connected to the distribution netw works is a pre erequisite for
enabling EWWA to mainttain the stability and seecurity of itts networks.. EWA needds to have a a continuous
overview off the state of its network, which may require e, in some cases, updaated informa ation on thee
operating co onditions of the solar PV V generating plants conn nected to its distributionn networks a as well as thee
possibility to
o communicate with the ese plants in order to dirrect the operational insttructions set forth by thee
provisions of the present document..
Such requireements are u usually needed in case o f growing pe enetration leevel of the soolar PV gene erating plantss
in the distrib
bution netwo orks; they may also be inntroduced in the framework of other r initiatives dedicated, for
example, to the optimizaation of the control perfoormances off the network.
A solar PV generating plant with a ra ated capacityy greater thaan 11kW13 sh hall thereforre be equipp ped with a bi‐
directional ccommunication interface e which cann be used fo
or the exchange of inforrmation with h EWA. Oncee
o the netwoork, in accorrdance with a cost/beneefit approach, EWA shalll
actually neeeded for the operation of
have the right to specifyy additional rrequirementss concerningg especially:
Data, w which shall be collected and sent too EWA in reaal‐time or periodically, rrelated to th he operatingg
conditio
ons of the sollar PV generating plant;
Operatio onal instructtion sent byy EWA whichh shall be executed by the solar PV V generatingg plant; such
h
instructiions shall bee compliant w with the req uirements in ndicated in tthe present sstandards (e especially thee
requiremments of §4.5.3 and §4.7 7.2);
Communications chaannels and p protocols to bbe used for tthe above re equirements..
If technicallyy possible, EWA may takke advantagee of already existing com mmunicationn channels, such as smart
metering in e monitorinng activities into its ICTT
nfrastructuree, in order to facilitatee the integration of the
architecturee and reduce the costs off implementaation.
4.7.6 Pow wer quality
4.7.6.1 Vo oltage deviattion
Under norm mal operatingg conditions,, the connecction and opperation of a
a solar PV geenerating plant shall not
cause the vvoltage at itss POC and at
a the POC oof any other customer connected tto the same e distributionn
network, to vary from th he system rated voltage bby more than ±6%.
4.7.6.2 Ra apid voltage changes
Connection and disconn nection of a solar PV gennerating plant from the distributionn networks sshall not givee
rise to voltagge variationss exceeding 3 3% of the sysstem rated vvoltage at the POC.
4.7.6.3 Ha armonics and inter‐harm monics
Voltage harm monics and iinter‐harmonics at the PPOC of a solaar PV generating plant shhall not exce eed the limitss
specified below.
Page | 19
9
Moreover, the customer shall be required tto make pro ovision for the possiblle future in
nstallation of
o
compensatinng apparatuss if the solar PV generati ng plant gen
nerates
odd harm monics exceeding 1% voltage distorttion or
even harmonics exceeeding 0.6%,, or
the conttribution of tthe solar PV generating pplant to the TTHD at the POC exceeds 1.6%.
For a solar P
PV generatingg plant connected to an LV distribution network, it is commoonly accepted d [6] that thee
above menttioned requirements co oncerning thhe voltage harmonics
h are fulfilled iif the harmonic current
emissions off the solar PVV generatingg plant don’t exceed the ffollowing lim mits:
for geneerating plants with a ra ated active ppower below w 600W, thee limits defi ned in the standard IEC
C
61000‐33‐2 [3], Class C (lighting) e equipment, sshall apply;
for pow r greater thaan 600W, the limits defiined in the standard IEC
wer plant witth a rated active power C
61000‐33‐12 [4], Tablle 2, Rsce = 333,.shall applyy.
4.7.6.4 DC C injection
The DC commponent whiich solar PV generating plants injectt into the ne
etwork shall not exceed 0,5% of thee
rated AC currrent value oof the plant.
The single solar PV geneerating plantt shall be eqquipped with h a DC fault detection syystem which h disconnectss
the faulty unit when thee above limit is exceedeed. A valid allternative to such system m is the use of an AC/AC C
transformerr which preveents from an ny DC injectioon into the nnetwork.
4.7.6.5 Clu usters of single‐phase generating unnits
The use of tthree‐phase equipment is required. In accordance with [1]144, it is anywaay allowed for a solar PV V
generating p plant with a rated activee power lowwer than 20kW to be com mposed of oone or more single‐phasee
generating u units. In such
h case, if the
e supply fromm EWA is a three‐phase e service andd if multiple single‐phasee
units are useed, the singlle‐phase gen nerating unitts shall be eq
qually distrib buted over thhe three pha ases in order
overall imbalance of currrent betwee n the phasess15.
to limit the o
4.8 Mete
ering
metering systtems are required for sollar PV generaating plants.
Dedicated m
14
Especially, rule nr 404 off [1]
15
If feasible, aa maximum immbalance of 1
16A between tthe phases is recommende
ed.
Page | 20
0
As a general rule. the mmetering posiitions and thhe meters ussed for mete ering solar PVV generatingg plants shalll
be in accorddance with seection 4 of [1
1].
In partial deerogation fro
om regulatioon Nr 401 off [1], a custo omer with a solar PV gennerating plant shall havee
two meterin ng positions:
A net‐metering posittion where tthe main elecctricity mete er is installed
d,
A solar P PV productioon metering position wheere the PV ellectricity meter is installeed.
The main electricity metter measure es the net ennergy at the POC wherea as the PV eleectricity metter measuress
the energy p produced by the solar PVV generating plant connected to the P POC.
In derogatioon from regu ulation Nr 4118 of [1], thee PV electriccity meter ca an be installeed within the customer’s
premises; in such case, tthe PV electrricity meter sshall have remote meter reading cappability.
5 COMP
PLIANCE
A customer shall ensuree that its solar PV gene rating plant complies with
w the requuirements de efined in thee
present stan
ndards throu ughout the ovverall lifetim me of the facility.
The customer shall notiify to EWA any
a incidentt, failure or planned mo odification off its solar PV
V generatingg
plant which may affect tthe complian nce with the requirementts defined in n the presentt standards.
The customeer shall provvide EWA with all the doocuments, sttudies and m measurementts useful to demonstratee
the compliannce of the soolar PV generating plant to the requirements defined in the ppresent stand dards.
If deemed n
necessary, EWA
E shall haave the righht to request the custom
mer to carryy out additio onal tests or
studies with the scope to o demonstra ate the comppliance of the e solar PV geenerating plaant with the provisions o of
the present document. SSuch activities may be reequested no ot only during the connecction processs, but at anyy
time througghout the liffetime of th he solar PV generating plant, and more speciifically after any failuree,
modificationn or replacemment of any equipment tthat may havve an impactt on the com mpliance of th he plant with h
the present standards.
When studies are required, EWA shall s providee the custommer with all the techniccal data of the networkk
necessary to
o carry out thhe studies.
Page | 21
1
ANNEX A.. CONNEC
CTION SC
CHEMES
F
Figure 6: MV connection scheme – In
nterface swittch on LV sidde
Page | 22
2
Figure 7: MV connecttion scheme
e – Two main
n switches
Page | 23
3
Fiigure 8: MV connection sscheme – Intterface Switch on MV sidde
Page | 24
4
Figure 9: LLV Connectio
on Scheme
Page | 25
5
Figure 10
0: LV connecttion scheme
e – Two main
n switches
Page | 26
6
Figure 11: LV connnection sche
eme with ba
ack‐up
Page | 27
7
ANNEX B.. DEFAUL
LT SETTIN
NGS OF IN
NTERFAC
CE PROTE
ECTION
The followin
ng Table 1 reeports the de
efault settinggs to be impplemented in n the interfacce protection of solar PV
V
generating p
plants when no other setttings have bbeen communicated by E EWA.
T
Table 1: Defaault settings for the prottection functtions of the IIP
LV network
k MV network
Protection fu
unction
Threshold Time delay Th
hreshold Timee delay
27< 90% 0.4 s 90% 1..5 s
27<< 40% 0.2 s 30% 0..2 s
59> 110% 1.5 s 110% 1..5 s
59>> 120% 0.2 s 120% 0..2 s
81>> 52.5 Hz 0.1 s 52.5
5 Hz 0..1 s
81< 47.5 Hz 4s 47.5
4 Hz 4s
81<< 46.5 Hz 0.1 s 46.5
4 Hz 0..1 s
Page | 28
8
ANNEX C.. LIST OF APPLICA
ABLE STA
ANDARDS
S FOR EQ
QUIPMENT
T
The main staandards to bbe used as a reference inn the develo
opment of a solar PV appplication are summarized d
hereinafter. For each staandard a sho
ort commennt and its relevancy (a 3‐‐level scale iss adopted) a
are proposed
d
with the following legend:
Useful d
document
Important document
Fundammental docum ment
A.1. PV m
modules
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Terresstrial photovoltaic (PV) moodules - Design
IEC 61215-1 qualiffication and ty
ype approval - Part 1: Test A
All PV modulees, type tests
requirrements
Terresstrial photovoltaic (PV) moodules - Design
ype approval - Part 1-1: Speecial
qualiffication and ty A
All crystalline PV modules,
IEC 61215-1-1
requirrements for tessting of crystaalline silicon sppecial requirements
photovvoltaic (PV) modules
m
Terresstrial photovoltaic (PV) moodules - Design
ype approval - Part 1-2: Speecial
qualiffication and ty A
All CdTe PV modules,
m
IEC 61215-1-2
requirrements for tessting of thin-ffilm Cadmium m sppecial requirements
Tellurride (CdTe) baased photovolltaic (PV) mod dules
Terresstrial photovoltaic (PV) moodules - Design
A
All amorphouss silicon PV
ype approval - Part 1-3: Speecial
qualiffication and ty
IEC 61215-1-3 m
modules, speciial
requirrements for tessting of thin-ffilm amorphou us
reequirements
siliconn based photovoltaic (PV) m modules
Terresstrial photovoltaic (PV) moodules - Design
A
All Cu(In,GA)(S,Se)2 PV
ype approval - Part 1-4: Speecial
qualiffication and ty
IEC 61215-1-4 m
modules, speciial
requirrements for tessting of thin-ffilm
reequirements
Cu(Inn,GA)(S,Se)2 based
b photovooltaic (PV) mo odules
Terresstrial photovoltaic (PV) moodules - Design
IEC 61215-2 ype approval - Part 2: Test
qualiffication and ty A
All PV modulees, type tests
proceddures
AAll PV modulees, especially
Photoovoltaic (PV) module
m safetyy qualification
n - Part
IEC 61730-1 thhose installed on buildings,
1: Reqquirements for constructionn
coonstruction
AAll PV modulees, especially
Photoovoltaic (PV) module
m safetyy qualification
n - Part
IEC 61730-2 thhose installed on buildings,
2: Reqquirements for testing
teesting
Salt mist
m corrosion testing of phootovoltaic (PV
V) PPV modules in nstalled in a
IEC 61701
modules mmarine environ nment
TTests on PV modules
m used inn
Photoovoltaic (PV) modules
m - Am
mmonia corrossion
IEC 62716 ennvironments with
w a high
testingg
de
degree of amm monia
Photoovoltaic (PV) modules
m - Traansportation teesting - TTests on all PV
V modules to
IEC 62759-1 Part 1: Transportatiion and shippiing of modulee asssess the mech hanical stress
packaage units du
during transporrtation
TTests on PV modules
m used inn
Photoovoltaic (PV) modules
m – Cyyclic (dynamicc)
IEC TS 627882 ennvironments with
w a high
mechaanical load tessting
mmechanical streess
IEC 62790 Junctiion boxes for photovoltaic
p m
modules – Saffety TTests on the junction boxes
Page | 29
9
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
requirrements and teests off all PV moduules
Photoovoltaic (PV) modules
m - Tesst methods forr the TTests on all PV
V modules to
IEC TS 628004-1 detecttion of potentiial-induced deegradation - Paart 1: prrevent the occcurrence of
Crystaalline silicon PPID
Terresstrial photovoltaic (PV) moodules - Guideeline for
PPerformance an nd reliability
IEC TS 629441 increaased confidencce in PV moduule design
off certified PV
V modules
qualiffication and ty
ype approval
Photoovoltaic modulles - Bypass ddiode - Thermal evvaluate if byp
pass diode cann
IEC 62979
runaw
way test. ha
have thermal ru unaway
Datashheet and nameeplate informaation for phottovoltaic D
Documentation n for PV
EN 50380
modules m
modules
E
Environmentall test applied
Enviroonmental testiing - Part 2-688: Tests - Testt L:
IEC 60068-2-68 too PV moduless installed in
Dust and
a sand
de
desert climatess
A.2. Inverrters
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Safetyy of power connverters for usse in photovolltaic
IEC 62109-1
powerr systems - Paart 1: General rrequirements SSafety requiremments for
Safetyy of power connverters for usse in photovolltaic innverters, intern
national
IEC 62109-2 powerr systems - Paart 2: Particulaar requirementts for sttandards
invertters
T
Test methods forf assessing
Utilityy-interconnectted photovoltaaic inverters - Test thhe capacity off an inverter
IEC 62116
proceddure of island
ding preventionn measures annd its protectiion to avoid
isslanding
T
Test methods forf assessing
Utilityy-interconnectted photovoltaaic inverters - Test
IEC TS 629110 thhe LVRT capaacity of
proceddure for low voltage
v ride- thhrough measu urements
innverters
Photoovoltaic powerr generating syystems - EMC C
E
EMC requirem ments for
IEC 62920 requirrements and teest methods foor power convversion
innverters used in PV systemss
equipm ment.
Data sheet
s and nam
me plate for phhotovoltaic inv
verters
This European
E Stan
ndard describees data sheet and
a
EN 50524 D
Documentation
n for inverterss
name plate informaation for photoovoltaic invertters in
grid parallel
p operatiion
T
Test methods forf measuring
Overaall efficiency of
o grid conneccted photovolttaic
EN 50530 sttatic and dynaamic
invertters
effficiency of PV inverters
A.3. EMC
C (Electro Magnetic
c Compati bility)
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Electrromagnetic coompatibility (EEMC) - Part 3-2:
M
Maximum outp put harmonic
IEC 61000-3-2 Limitss - Limits for harmonic currrrent emissions
coontent for smaall inverters
(equippment input cuurrent ≤16 A pper phase)
Electrromagnetic coompatibility (EEMC) - Part 3-12:
M
Maximum outp put harmonic
Limitss - Limits for harmonic currrrents produced by
IEC 61000-3-12 coontent for medium size
equipm ment connecteed to public loow-voltage sy
ystems
innverters
with input current >16
> A and ≤ 775 A per phasee
Page | 30
0
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Electrromagnetic co ompatibility (EEMC) - Part 2-2:
M
Maximum leveel of voltage
Enviroonment - Com mpatibility levvels for low-freequency
IEC 61000-2-2 di
disturbances on
n a LV public
conduucted disturban nces and signaalling in publiic low-
gr
grid
voltagge power supp ply systems
Electrromagnetic co ompatibility (EEMC) - Part 3-3:
N
Non harmonic voltage
Limitss - Limitation of voltage chhanges, voltage
di
disturbances on n a LV grid
IEC 61000-3-3 fluctuuations and fliccker in public low-voltage supply
s
annd test system
ms. Valid for I
systemms, for equipmment with rateed current ≤16 6 A per
16 A per phaase
phase and not subjeect to conditioonal connectio on
Electrromagnetic co ompatibility (EEMC) - Part 3-11:
N
Non harmonic voltage
Limitss - Limitation of voltage chhanges, voltage
di
disturbances on n a LV grid
IEC 61000-3-11 fluctuuations and fliccker in public low-voltage supply
s
annd test system
ms. Valid for
systemms - Equipmen nt with rated ccurrent ≤ 75 A and
1 6 > I 75 A per
p phase
subjecct to condition
nal connectionn
Immmunity requ uirements and
Electrromagnetic co
ompatibility (EEMC) - Part 6-1: teest for LV equuipment
IEC 61000-6-1 Generric standards - Immunity forr residential, innstalled in residential,
commmercial and lig
ght-industrial eenvironments coommercial an nd light-
inndustrial envirronments
Immmunity requ uirements and
Electrromagnetic co
ompatibility (E
EMC) - Part 6-2:
teest for LV equuipment
IEC 61000-6-2 Generric standards - Immunity forr industrial
innstalled in ind
dustrial
enviroonments
ennvironments
Immmunity requ uirements and
Electrromagnetic co
ompatibility (EEMC) - Part 6-3: teest for LV equuipment
IEC 61000-6-3 Generric standards - Emission staandard for resiidential, innstalled in residential,
commmercial and lig
ght-industrial eenvironments coommercial an nd light-
inndustrial envirronments
Immmunity requ uirements and
Electrromagnetic co
ompatibility (EEMC) - Part 6-4:
teest for LV equuipment
IEC 61000-6-4 Generric standards - Emission staandard for -ind
dustrial
innstalled in ind
dustrial
enviroonments
ennvironments
Electrromagnetic coompatibility (EEMC) - Part 3-14:
Assesssment of emisssion limits foor harmonics, G
Guide to LV IE EC 61000
IEC/TR 610000-
interhharmonics, volltage fluctuatioons and unballance for seeries standard
ds with
3-14
the coonnection of disturbing
d instaallations to LV
V power exxamples of appplication
systemms
Electrromagnetic coompatibility (EEMC) - Part 3-6:
IEC/TR 610000- Limitss - Assessmennt of emissionn limits for thee H
Harmonic current in MV
3-6 conneection of distorting installatiions to MV, HVH and annd HV RRGUU
EHV power system ms
Electrromagnetic coompatibility (EEMC) - Part 3-7:
FFlicker effects and other
IEC/TR 610000- Limitss - Assessmennt of emissionn limits for thee
raapid voltage changes
c in MV
V
3-7 uating installaations to MV, HV and
conneection of fluctu
annd HV RRGU U
EHV power system ms
Electrromagnetic coompatibility (EEMC) –
Part 3-15: Limits – Assessment oof low frequen ncy
IEC/TR 610000- E
Effects of unbaalances in MV
V
electroomagnetic im
mmunity and
3-15 annd HV RRGU U
emission requiremeents for disperrsed generation
systemms in LV netwwork
Page | 31
1
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Electrromagnetic co
ompatibility (E
EMC) - Part 3-13:
IEC/TR 610000- Limitss - Assessmen
nt of emissionn limits for thee E
Effects of unbaalances in MV
V
3-13 conneection of unbalanced installaations to MV,, HV annd HV RRGU U
and EHV power systems
A.4. Cables and co
onnectors
s
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
SStandard on caables for DC
EN 50618 Electrric cables for photovoltaic
p ssystems arrrays
Conneectors for DC--application inn photovoltaicc IE
EC standard for
f PV
IEC 62852
system
ms - Safety req
quirements annd tests coonnectors
A.5. Combiner box
xes
Reference Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
T
The main stand dard for the
Low-vvoltage switch
hgear and conntrolgear assem
mblies - de
design and con nstruction of
IEC 61439-2
2 Power switcchgear and conntrolgear assemblies
Part 2: L
LV switchgearrs and
coontrolgear asssemblies
T
Test sequence is to
Balannce-of-system components ffor photovoltaaic de
determine the performance
p
IEC 62093
system
ms – Design qualification
q nnatural environ
nments chharacteristics of BOS
coomponents
E
Equipment for power
Safetyy requirements for power ellectronic conv
verter
IEC 62447-1 coonversion and
d electronic
system
ms and equipmment Part 1: G
General
poower switchin
ng
E
Electronic equiipment in
poower installattions with
EN 50178 Electrronic equipmeent for use in ppower installaations
reespect to safetty and
reeliability
A.6. LV sw
witchgearrs and co
ontrolgearr
Reference Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Low-vvoltage switch
hgear and conntrolgear assem
mblies - A guide with th he explanationn
IEC/TR 614339-0
Part 0:
0 Guidance to
o specifying asssemblies off main characcteristics
Low-vvoltage switch hgear and conntrolgear assem
mblies - T
The main stand dard for the
IEC 61439-1
Part 1: General rulees de
design and con nstruction of
Low-vvoltage switch
hgear and conntrolgear assem
mblies - L
LV switchgearrs and
IEC 61439-2 coontrolgear asssemblies
2 Power switcchgear and conntrolgear assemblies
Part 2:
Low-vvoltage switchhgear and conntrolgear assemmblies - L
LV switchgearrs and
IEC 61439-3
Part 3: Distribution
n boards intendded to be operrated by coontrolgear forr specific
Page | 32
2
Reference Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
ordinaary persons (D
DBO) appplications
Low-vvoltage switch
hgear and conntrolgear assem mblies -
IEC 61439-5 Part 5: Assemblies for power disstribution in pu
ublic
netwoorks
Low-vvoltage switch
hgear and conntrolgear assem
mblies -
IEC 61439-6
Part 6:
6 Busbar trunk
king systems ((busways)
Low-vvoltage switchhgear and conntrolgear assem mblies -
7 Assemblies for specific appplications su
Part 7: uch as
IEC 61439-7
marinnas, camping sites,
s market s quares, electriic
vehiclles charging sttations
Low-vvoltage switchhgear and conntrolgear - Partt 3: C
Characteristicss of LV
IEC 60947-3 Switchhes, disconnectors, switch- disconnectorss and ciircuit-breakerrs and
fuse-ccombination units
u prrotection deviices
Low-vvoltage switch hgear and conntrolgear enclo
osed
C
Characteristicss of LV
equipm ment - Part 1: Enclosed swiitch-disconnecctors
IEC 62626-1 ciircuit-breakerrs and
outsidde the scope of IEC 60947-33 to provide issolation
prrotection deviices
duringg repair and maintenance
m w
work
A.7. HV s
switchgea
ars and co
ontrolgearr
Reference Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
High-voltage switch
hgear and conntrolgear - Parrt 1:
IEC 62271-1
Commmon specificattions
High-voltage switch hgear and conntrolgear - Parrt 100:
IEC 62271-100
Alternnating current circuit-breakeers
High-voltage switch hgear and conntrolgear - Parrt 103:
IEC 62271-103 Switchhes for rated voltages
v abovve 1 kV up to and
a
A
All the PV plannts connected
includding 52 kV
too the MV grid
d
High-voltage switchhgear and conntrolgear - Parrt 200:
AC metal-enclosed
m switchgear annd controlgeaar for
IEC 62271-200
rated voltages
v abov
ve 1 kV and upp to and includ ding 52
kV
High-voltage switch
hgear and conntrolgear - Parrt 202:
IEC 62271-202
High-voltage/low-v
voltage prefabbricated substaation
A.8. Transformers
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Page | 34
4
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
poower capacity
y and energy
Photoovoltaic system
m performancee - Part 2: Cap
pacity
IEC 61724-2 evvaluation
evaluaation method
Photoovoltaic system
m performancee - Part 3: Eneergy
IEC 61724-3
evaluaation method
Crystaalline silicon photovoltaic
p ((PV) array - On-site
O M
Measurement of
o PV arrays
IEC 61829
measuurement of I-V V characteristiics onn field
Protecction against lightning
l - Parrt 1: General
IEC 62305-1
princiiples
Protecction against lightning
l - Parrt 2: Risk
IEC 62305-2
managgement M
Main standardss on lightning
Protecction against lightning
l - Parrt 3: Physical damage efffects
IEC 62305-3
to struuctures and liffe hazard
Protecction against lightning
l - Parrt 4: Electricall and
IEC 62305-4
electroonic systems within
w structuures
A.10. PV mounting
g system
Referencce Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
B
Building Integrrated PV
EN 50583-1 Photoovoltaics in bu
uildings. Part 11: BIPV modu
ules
EN 50583-2 Photoovoltaics in bu
uildings. Part 22: BIPV system
ms B
Building Integrrated PV
Outlinne of Investigaation for Mouunting Systemss,
Immportant docu ument
Mounnting Devices, Clamping/Reetention Devicces, and
UL 2703 esspecially for Building
B
Grounnd Lugs for Use with Flat-P Plate Photovolltaic
Inntegrated PV
Moduules and Panels
A.11. Grid
d connecttion
Reference Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Page | 35
5
Reference Title Relevancy
R Appliccation
Page | 36
6