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Class-2 Hydro 1 Final

The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides information on key topics like the hydrological cycle, hydrographs, and hydraulic power calculations. It also discusses important hydroelectric power plants around the world like the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam, and Kaptai Dam in Bangladesh. The document analyzes hydrological data to calculate hydropower potential and outlines methods for assessing reservoir capacity and runoff using tools like flow duration curves and mass curves.

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113 views23 pages

Class-2 Hydro 1 Final

The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides information on key topics like the hydrological cycle, hydrographs, and hydraulic power calculations. It also discusses important hydroelectric power plants around the world like the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam, and Kaptai Dam in Bangladesh. The document analyzes hydrological data to calculate hydropower potential and outlines methods for assessing reservoir capacity and runoff using tools like flow duration curves and mass curves.

Uploaded by

Prodip
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ME 403: Power Plant Engineering

Hydroelectric Power Plant

Dr. Mohammad Nasim Hasan


ME, BUET
Major Topics

 Introduction
 Hydrological Cycle
 Hydrograph
 Hydraulic Power Calculation
Hydroelectric Power Plant
 In the development of a country, the hydro power plays a very
important role ac it provides power @ cheapest rate
 About 20% of total world electric power is generated using
hydro power
 Two countries (Norway, Brazil), more than 80% of the nation’s
power requirement is met by hydro power
 Countries like Nepal and Russia have vast potential for hydro
power plant that are vast to be harnessed.
 As per World Power Organization (WPO), world hydro potential
is 5000 GW where as about 4-6% (200-300 GW) is currently
developed
 No Green House Gas (GHG) emission
Hydroelectric Power: World Scenario
Hydroelectric Power: World Scenario
World Iconic Hydroelectric Power Plant
The 22,500 MW Three Gorges hydroelectric power plant in Yichang, Hubei province,
China, is the largest hydropower station in the world exploiting the water resource of
the Yangtze River (1993-2012).

Dam: 181m tall and


2,335m long gravity dam

Catchment area: 1000000


km2

Reservoir Capacity: 39.3


km3

Surface area: 1084 km2

Power plant:
32 turbine/generator
units @ 700 MW each,
02 @ 50 MW power
generators.
World Iconic Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant with an installed capacity of 14,000 MW ranks as
the world’s second largest hydropower plant. The project is located on the Parana
River, at the border between Brazil and Paraguay. (1975-1982). Meets 17.3% of Brazil’s
energy consumption and 72.5% of the energy consumed in Paraguay.

Dam: 196 m height and


7919 m long.

Catchment area: 1350000


km2
Reservoir Capacity: 29 km3
Surface area: 1350 km2

Power Plant: 20
generating units @ 700MW
each.
World Iconic Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Guri power project, also known as the Simón Bolívar hydroelectric power station,
ranks as the world’s third biggest hydroelectric power station, with an installed
capacity of 10,200 MW located on the Caroni River in the Bolívar State of
southeastern Venezuela.(1963-1978-1986).

Dam: 162 m height and


7426 m in length.

Reservoir Capacity: 135 km3

Surface area: 4250 km2

Power plant: 20 generating


units @ 130MW - 770MW.
World Iconic Hydroelectric Power Plant

“The Hoover Dam”: The Engineering


Marvels of USA (1931-1936)

Dam: Concrete Gravity Arch Dam, 221 m


in height and 379 m in length.

Reservoir Capacity: 35.2 km3

Surface area: 640 km2


Power plant: 19 generating units ranging @
61.5 MW - 130MW,
Total Installed Capacity of 2080 MW.
Hydroelectric Power Plant in Bangladesh
The Kaptai Hydroelectric power plant is the only hydro power plant in Bangladesh with
located on the Karnaphuli River at Kaptai, Chittagong.

Dam: 45.7 m in height and 670.6


m in length
Catchment area: 11000 km2
Reservoir Capacity: 6.4 km3
Surface area: 777 km2
Power Plant:
2 @ 40 MW
3 @ 50 MW
Hydro Power Potential in SAARC region
Hydroelectric Power Plant

 Shaft power developed by the water passing through the prime


mover is given by:
PW   QgH  h  m  g ; PW   9.811000  QH  overall

Q: Volumetric flow rate (m3/s), : water density (1000 kg/m3),


g: Gravitational acceleration, H: Height of fall (m)

 h  hydraukic efficiency
Over all efficiency varies
 m  mechanical efficiency between 0.5 and 0.9
 g  generator efficiency
 overall  h  m  hg  overall efficiency
 Electric energy (kWh)
W kWh   9.81 QHt  overall t: operation time (hr)
Hydrological Cycle

Run-off = Total Precipitation-Total evaporation


Run-off: Some of important factors
Run-off Analysis: Hydrograph

 A hydrograph is a
graphical representation
of discharge or flow with
time.
 The time may be
daily/monthly/yearly
basis
Run-off Analysis: Flow Duration Curve

 The flow duration curve


is a graphical
representation of
discharge or flow against
corresponding
percentage of time
period.
 This curve is very useful
to the analysis of hydro
power generation as it
relates discharge and the
duration
 Also provide an
assessment of storage
facility i.e. reservoir
Flow Duration Curve: Effect of Storage and

Effect of Storage Comparison between stream


Run-off Analysis: Mass Curve

 The graph of the


cumulative values of
discharge against time is
called mass curve
 The mass curve is used to
compute the capacity of
the reservoir for a hydro-
site
Problem 1: The mean monthly discharge
Monthly Discharge
at a particular site is given below: Month (m3/s)
(a) Draw the hydrograph flow Jan 2000
duration curve and mass flow Feb 4500
curve. Mar 6000
April 12000
(b) Calculate the hydropower
May 15000
potential in MW available based
June 16000
on mean flow If the available July 20000
head is 60 m and overall Aug 24000
generation efficiency is 85%. Sep 18000
Oct 12000
Nov 8000
Dec 4000
Hydrograph

Month Discharge m3/s


Jan 2000
Feb 4500
Mar 6000
April 12000
May 15000
June 16000
July 20000
Aug 24000
Sep 18000
Oct 12000
Nov 8000
Dec 4000
Flow Duration Curve

Discharge, m3/s % Duration


2000 100
4000 91.666667
4500 83.333333
6000 75
8000 66.666667
12000 58.333333
15000 50
16000 41.666667
18000 33.333333
20000 25
22000 16.666667
24000 8.3333333
Mass Curve
Cum.
Monthly Discharge
Discharge (Mass
(Hydrograph), Curve),
Month m3/s m3/s
Jan 2000 2000
Feb 4500 6500
Mar 6000 12500
April 12000 24500
May 15000 39500
June 16000 55500
July 20000 75500
Aug 24000 99500
Sep 18000 117500
Oct 12000 129500
Nov 8000 137500
Dec 4000 141500

Mean flow (Q): 141500/12= 11791.67 m3/s; Head (H): 60 m


Water Density: 1000 kg/m3, Generation efficiency: 85%
Output Power (MW): (1000*9.81*11791.67*60*0.85)/106 MW= 5899 MW
Reservoir Capacity from Mass curve

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