Wasp Best Practices and Checklist: Measurement Programme

WAsP best practices and checklist
The WAsP team @ DTU Wind Energy

February 2016
The following list of requirements, best practices and recommendations is not exhaustive, but is
meant to provide a brief summary of some important considerations regarding WAsP modelling.
More information is available in the WAsP help system and at www.wasp.dk.
Measurement programme
 Design measurement programme based on preliminary WAsP analysis
o Use SRTM elevation and water body data + land cover from Google Earth
 Follow WAsP similarity principle as much as possible when siting the mast(s)
 Height of reference anemometer(s) similar to hub height (preferably > 2/3 hhub)
 Optimum boom direction is @ 90° (lattice) or @ 45° (tubular) to prevailing wind
 Deploy 2 or more masts for horizontal extrapolation and validation
 Deploy 2 or more masts if RIX and ∆RIX analyses are required
 Deploy 2 or more levels on masts for wind profile analyses and validation
 Deploy 2 or more levels on masts for redundancy in instrumentation
 Measure temperature (@ hub height) and pressure for air density calculations
 Are anemometers calibrated according to international standards?
Wind data analysis

 Collect required information, e.g. by filling out a WAsP Data Description Form
 All fields in Climate Analyst should correspond to project and data specifications
 Plot and inspect time traces of all meteorological measurements
 Visual inspection of time-series – in particular reference wind speed and direction
 Visual inspection of polar scatter plot – any patterns or gaps?
Observed wind climate

 Use a number of whole years when calculating the OWC (OMWC)
 Check Weibull fit: is power density discrepancy < 1%?
 Check Weibull fit: is mean wind speed discrepancy < a few per cent?
 Check within context of long-term wind climate (MCP or similar)
Elevation map(s)
 Size of map: should extend at least several (2-3) times the horizontal scale of significant
terrain features from any site – meteorological mast, reference site, wind turbine site or
resource grid point. This is typically 5-10 km.
 Coordinates and elevations must be in meters. Elevations should be a.s.l.
 Set map projection and map datum in the Map Editor so they are embedded in map
 Add spot heights within wind farm site; interpolate height contours if necessary
 High-resolution contours around all calculation sites (contour interval ≤ 10 m)
 Low-resolution contours away from calculation sites ok (contour interval ≥ 10 m)
 Non-rectangular maps are allowed (circular, elliptic, etc.)
 Check range of elevations in final map
Roughness/Land cover map(s)
 Size: map should extend at least max(150×h, 10 km) from any site; i.e.
meteorological mast, reference site, turbine site or resource grid point.
 Coordinates and roughness lengths must be in meters
 Set map projection and map datum in the Map Editor
 Set the roughness length of all water surfaces to 0.0 m!
 Check range of roughness length values in final map
 Map date should correspond to modelling scenario (meteorological mast or wind farm) –
use two maps in hierarchy if necessary.
 Check for dead ends and cross points – and edit map as needed
 Check consistency of roughness values – there must be no LFR-errors!
Sheltering obstacles
 Is site closer to obstacle than 50 obs. heights and height lower than about 3 obs. heights?
 If yes to both, treat as sheltering obstacle; if not, treat as roughness element
WAsP modelling – site visit

 Go on a site visit if at all possible! Use e.g. the WAsP Site/Station Inspection Checklists
 Print and bring the WAsP forms for recording the necessary information
 Bring GPS and check projection and datum settings – change if required
 Determine coordinates of all masts, sites, landmarks and other characteristic points on site
 Bring sighting compass and determine boom directions and check wind vane calibration
 Take photos of station, mast and surroundings (12 × 30°-sector panorama)
 Download GPS data and photographs to PC as soon as possible (daily)
WAsP modelling – parameters

 Wind atlas (GWC) structure: roughness classes should span and represent site conditions
 Wind atlas (GWC) structure: standard heights should span and represent project conditions
 Ambient climate: Set air density to site-specific value (WAsP 10 and 11 only)
 Adjust off- & on-shore mean- and RMS-heat fluxes values to site conditions (caution!)
WAsP modelling – analysis and application

 Get site-specific (density, noise, …) wind turbine generator data from manufacturer
 Within forest: effective height = nominal height minus displacement length
 Complex or steep terrain when RIX > 0 for one or more sites (terrain slopes > 17°)
 Make RIX and ∆RIX analyses if RIX > 0 for any calculation site – and use WAsP CFD too
WAsP modelling – offshore

 Roughness length of sea (and other water) surfaces: set to 0.0 m in WAsP!
 Add combined elevation/roughness change line (0, 0, 0) around wind farm site
 Change wake decay constant to offshore conditions
WAsP modelling – sensitivity analyses and uncertainties

 Sensitivity of results to background roughness value and other important parameters?
 Identify and try to estimate the magnitude of the main uncertainties
 Estimate technical losses and uncertainty for calculation of net AEP (P50 and Px) @ PCC

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WAsP best practices and checklist

The WAsP team @ DTU Wind Energy

Wind data analysis

Observed wind climate

WAsP modelling – site visit

WAsP modelling – parameters

WAsP modelling – analysis and application

WAsP modelling – offshore

WAsP modelling – sensitivity analyses and uncertainties

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