QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 1

Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

6 MISCELLANEOUS METAL WORKS ............................................................. 2

6.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2

6.1.1 Scope 2
6.1.2 Reference 2
6.1.3 Submittals 2
6.1.4 Quality Assurance 3
6.1.5 Delivery, Storage and Handling 3
6.2 MATERIALS .................................................................................................. 4
6.2.1 Steel 4
6.2.2 Stainless Steel 4
6.2.3 Aluminium 4
6.2.4 Iron 4

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6.2.5 Welded Anchor Studs 4

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6.2.6 U Channel Concrete Inserts 4

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6.2.7 Concrete Anchors 5
6.3 COATINGS .................................................................................................... 5
6.3.1 Galvanising
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6.3.2 Anodising 6
6.3.3 Factory Painting 6
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6.4 FABRICATION AND ERECTION ................................................................... 7

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6.4.1 General 7
6.4.2 Staircases 8
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6.4.3 Ladders 9
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6.4.4 Step Irons 10

6.4.5 Handrails and Railings 10
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6.4.6 Chequer Plate 11

6.4.7 Gratings and Open Mesh Flooring 12
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QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 2
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

6 MISCELLANEOUS METAL WORKS

6.1 GENERAL

6.1.1 Scope

1 This part includes the specifications for the design, fabrication and erection of ladders,
staircase assemblies, open mesh flooring, chequer plate, gratings, handrailing, step irons,
supports, anchors, and other appurtenances.

2 Related Sections and Parts are as follows

This Section
Part 1, General
Part 3, Pipes and Fittings Materials
Part 7, Miscellaneous GRP Works

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Part 8, Protective Coatings and Painting

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Section 1, General
Section 16, Structural Metalwork

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Section 17, Metalwork.
6.1.2 Reference gi
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1 The following standards or revised/updated versions are referred to in this Part:
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BS 970........... Wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes

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BS 1470......... Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes;
plate, sheet and strips
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BS 1471......... Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes;
Drawn Tube
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BS 1472......... Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes;
forging stock
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BS 1474......... Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes -
bars, extruded round tube and sections
BS 4211......... Specifications for permanent fixed ladders
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BS 4592......... Industrial type metal flooring, walkways and stair treads.

BS 5395......... Stairs, ladders and walkways
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BS 5493......... Code of practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against
corrosion

BS EN 1561... Founding Gray Cast Iron

BS EN 1563... Found spheroidal graphite cast iron
BS EN 1993... EURO code 3, Design of steel structures
BS EN 13101. Manhole steps
BS EN ISO 2560 Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding
of non-alloy and fine grained steels

EN 124 .......... Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular and pedestrian areas – Design
requirements, type testing, marking, quality control
ISO 9000 ....... Quality System
6.1.3 Submittals

1 The Contractor shall submit complete data as described below.

QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 3
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

2 Product Data:

(a) the Contractor shall provide manufacturers’ specifications, load tables, dimension
diagrams, anchor details and installation instructions for products to be used in the
manufacture of metal fabrications.

3 Design Calculations and Shop Drawings:

(a) the Contractor shall provide design calculations and shop drawings for the
fabrication and erection of all assemblies of metal fabrication work which are not
completely shown by manufacturers’ data sheets, including anchorage and accessory
items. Plans and elevations at metric scales not less than 1:10 scale, and details of
sections and connections at not less than 1:5 scale shall be included
(b) detailed drawings shall show material type, thickness grade/class dimensions, and
construction scheme. The submittal shall include catalogue pages, erection
description, manufacturers’ data/instructions and templates.

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4 Where structural steelwork is to be provided the Contractor shall submit duplicate copies of

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dimensioned shop drawings for approval by the Engineer’s Representative. If drawings are
not approved, one copy shall be returned to the Contractor marked up indicating the

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alterations required. Upon final approval one copy of the drawing, stamped ‘Approved’ by the
Engineer’s Representative, shall be returned to the Contractor. Four further copies of the
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approved drawings shall then be submitted to the Engineer’s Representative. No shop
fabrication may commence before receipt of the relevant shop drawings.
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5 The shop drawings shall become record drawings on the completion of steelwork erection
and the original drawing and one ISO size A2 (495 & 420) negative of each shall be supplied
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to the Engineer. If there were any changes to the steelwork during erection these should be
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supplied together with the original and the size A2 signed negative.

6 WPS and PQR

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6.1.4 Quality Assurance

1 Fabricated metal products and materials shall be provided by experienced and approved
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manufacturers and fabricators as designated in the Contract document to the written

approval of the Engineer.
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2 Where welding/brazing is required the Contractor shall:

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(a) submit for approval welding procedure specification (WPS) and procedure qualification
record (PQR) in conformance with AWS D1.1(steel structures), ASME IX (piping and
pressure vessels) and BS EN 288 part 4 (Aluminium) and BS EN ISO 1101-8 (Iron) as
appropriate;
(b) submit for approval welder qualifications which shall be in conformance with the above
codes and or BS EN ISO 9606-2 (aluminium alloys),
(c) assign a CSWIP 3.1 or AWS QC qualified welding inspector, who shall be subject to
the Engineer’s approval, to witness all welding.

6.1.5 Delivery, Storage and Handling

1 Metal works shall be stored off the ground, protected from moisture, until ready for use or
installation.

2 Metal works shall be stored and handled in such a manner to protect finishes.

3 Metal works shall be stored and handled to prevent bending under its own weight and
superimposed loads.
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Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

6.2 MATERIALS

6.2.1 Steel

1 Steel rolled shapes, plates and bars shall conform to the requirements of Section 16 unless
otherwise specified in this Part.

2 Bolts and nuts shall be of standard commercial quality steel conforming to Section 16, and
shall be galvanised when used with galvanised work.

AWS D 1.1 - Steel Structure Welding Code

ASME VIII Div. 1 - Pressure Vessel welding
ASME IX - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code - Section IX Welding & Brazing
ASME B31.3 - Process Pipe
6.2.2 Stainless Steel

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1 Stainless steel shall conform to BS 970 and shall be Grade 316 S31 unless otherwise

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designated.

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2 Stainless steel bolts, hexagonal cap screws, and studs shall be BS 970 Grade 316 S31
unless otherwise designated.

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All stainless steel to be welded shall be BS 970 Grade 316L.
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6.2.3 Aluminium
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1 All aluminium plate, pipe and structural shapes shall conform to BS EN 12020, and BS 1472
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with BS EN 485 Grades 6036-T6 or 6082-T6 or such other chemically resistant alloy that the
manufacturer can demonstrate to be suitable for use in aggressive atmospheres likely to be
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encountered in sewage pumping stations. All aluminium items embedded in concrete shall
have two coats of bituminous paint. Where aluminium surfaces are in contact with concrete
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surfaces or with dissimilar metals, PVC-U gaskets shall be used to isolate the aluminium.
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6.2.4 Iron

1 Ductile Iron. Ductile iron shall be in accordance with BS EN 1563.

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2 Grey Cast Iron. Cast iron shall be in accordance with BS EN 1561.

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3 Malleable Iron. Malleable iron shall be in accordance with BS EN 13101.

6.2.5 Welded Anchor Studs

1 Headed anchor studs (HAS) or threaded anchor studs (TAS), as indicated on the Contract
Drawings:

(a) Carbon Steel: BS EN ISO 898, either semi-killed or killed aluminium or silicon
dioxidation, unless indicated otherwise.
(b) Stainless Steel: BS EN ISO 3506, Grade SS 316, Condition CW, where indicated.

6.2.6 U Channel Concrete Inserts

1 Rolled: BS EN ISO 9445 Type 316 stainless steel, 2.7 mm thickness, 40 mm width by 35
millimetres depth, with stainless steel anchors at 250 mm maximum spacing, Styrofoam
fillers, and end cap.
QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 5
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

2 Nut and Bolt Hardware: Type 316 stainless steel, 16 mm minimum diameter, unless
indicated otherwise. Manufacturer’s standard to match insert.

6.2.7 Concrete Anchors

1 For concrete anchor spacing less than 12 anchor diameters and edge distances less than
six anchor diameters, make reduction in allowable pullout and shear values.

2 Allow for thermal movement resulting from the maximum range in ambient temperature in
design, fabrication, and installation of handrails to prevent buckling, opening up of joints, over
stressing of components, connections and other detrimental effects. Base design calculation
on actual surface temperatures of materials due to both solar heat gain and night time sky
heat loss. Temperature change is difference between high or low temperature and
installation temperature.

3 Use approved service load allowable values for size, length, embedment, spacing, and edge
distance to match required loads shown in calculations.

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6.3 COATINGS

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6.3.1 Galvanising

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Galvanising shall be executed after all fabrication has been completed and shall be carried
out in accordance with BS 5493:1977. The articles shall be pickled in dilute sulphuric or
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hydrochloric acid followed by rinsing in water and pickling in phosphoric acid. They shall be
thoroughly washed, stoved and dipped in molten zinc and brushed so that the whole of the
metal shall be evenly covered and the coating thickness after dipping shall not be less than
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the BS 5493 System Reference Number recommended for the particular conditions and in
any case not less than 85 microns.
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2 Unless otherwise specified, all ferrous metals shall be galvanised in conformance with
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reference standards according to the nature of the work. Factory fabrication shall be
complete before galvanising. Galvanised coatings that have been marred or damaged
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during erection or fabrication shall be repaired using designated touch-up material.

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3 Surfaces of exterior units which have been galvanised after fabrication and are intended for
bolted or screwed field connections shall not be welded, cut or abraded.
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4 Galvanised coatings marred or damaged during erection or fabrication shall be repaired

conforming to BS 5493 and in accordance with the coating manufacturer's instructions.
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5 Unpainted galvanized surfaces shall not be used in an immersed condition within three
months of hot dip galvanizing and/or before an adequate protective patina has formed.

6 All mild steel parts unless otherwise stated, are to be heavily galvanised by the "hot dip"
process, or other methods as agreed by the Engineer, after fabrication. Where large units are
concerned, an approved metal spraying process to BS specifications may be used subject to
the approval of the Engineer. With the exception of the metal flooring to be supplied
unpainted, the whole of the galvanised mild steel parts and metal sprayed parts are to be
treated with a zinc phosphate primer before leaving the place of manufacture. (No lead oxide
or iron may be used in priming the galvanised parts.) Painting shall be in accordance with
the Schedule A [Work Requirements], Part 5 [Warranted Project Data], 5.1 [Drawings] or as
selected by the Engineer.
QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 6
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

7 All steel and ironwork of whatever kind to be galvanised shall be thoroughly de-scaled by shot
blasting to clear metal to BS 4232 second quality, to clean the surfaces of all dirt, weld
spelter, grease, slag, oil-paint or other deleterious materials, and immediately after is to be
galvanised by a hot dip process, followed by quenching in water. The molten zinc in the
galvanising bath shall contain not less than 98.5 percent of zinc by weight. All articles are to
be immersed in the bath only for a time sufficient for them to attain the temperature of the
bath and they are to be withdrawn at such a speed that a coating of 90 microns thickness is
achieved, or such other practicable maximum thickness for the article defined in BS 729, Part
"Hot dip galvanised coating on iron and steel." The galvanising is to be done in all cases after
machine work, chipping, trimming, filling, fitting, drilling or bending is completed. Every article
is to be covered evenly on all sides.

8 The zinc coating shall consist of a uniform layer of zinc free from abrasions, creeks, blisters,
chemical spots or other imperfections, and so applied that it will adhere firmly to the surface
of the steel.

9 The galvanising shall be applied in such a manner that the spelter will not peel off. The

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coating of the finished product shall be even, smooth and uniform throughout. Machine work,
dye work, cutting, punching, bending, welding, drilling, thread cutting and other fabrication

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shall all be done, as far as practicable, before galvanising.

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10 The galvanising shall have no adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the articles so
treated. Variations in dimensional properties shall be kept to a minimum.

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The work of surface preparation and galvanising shall be carried out, for any one article, on
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the same working day.

12 Galvanising on steelwork where required is to be carried out after fabrication and assembly.
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13 Light gauge metal work is to be galvanised by the hot dip process as specified in BS 3083 or
BS 2989.
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14 Contact between galvanised steel members and aluminium surface is to be prevented by

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means of a layer of "Densochrome" or similar approved tape.

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15 All necessary care and precautions are to be taken in shipping and transporting the
galvanised or metal sprayed units to avoid damage to the coating. Where damage proves to
be extensive in the opinion of the Engineer, the whole unit shall be recoated.
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16 Where galvanised parts are to be bolted or riveted together, the joint shall be made with an
approved barium or zinc chromate paste.
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17 Where the metal parts are too big to be hot dip galvanised, approval of the Engineer shall be
sought for the steel parts to be shot blasted to BS 4232 second quality and then immediately
zinc sprayed to a minimum thickness of 0.1 mm in accordance with BS 2569 Part 1.

6.3.2 Anodising

1 All aluminium members shall be anodised after fabrication in accordance with Sections 16
and 17.

2 All aluminium and aluminium alloy materials shall be anodised after fabrication to a thickness
of grade AA 20 and subsequently sealed against corrosion. After anodising, the aluminium
surfaces shall not be painted but left self-finish. Anodising of aluminium shall comply with the
requirements of BS 1615.

6.3.3 Factory Painting

1 All protective coatings and painting shall be carried out as specified in Part 8 of this Section.
QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 7
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

2 Before leaving the factory, ferrous metals not designated to be galvanised shall be given one
coat of primer as specified in Clause 8.2 of Part 8. Portions to be embedded in concrete or
masonry shall not be painted.

6.4 FABRICATION AND ERECTION

6.4.1 General

1 Stairs, ladders and walkways provided shall conform to BS 4211 and BS 5395.

2 Fabrication and erection shall be performed by approved specialist subcontractors

experienced in work of equivalent magnitude. Shop drawings shall be prepared by the
Contractor based on the details shown on the Drawings. The Contractor shall

(a) verify all measurements and shall take all site measurements necessary before
fabrication
(b) be responsible for correctness of detailing, fabrication, and for the correct fitting of

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structural members

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(c) not substitute sections

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(d) not modify connections.

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Members and connections, for any part of the structure, not shown on the Drawings shall be
the Contractor’s responsibility.
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3 The Contractor shall use materials of the size and thickness shown on the Drawings, or if not
shown, of the required size and thickness to produce adequate strength and durability in the
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finished product for the intended use.

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4 All work at the factory shall be preassembled to the greatest extent possible to minimise field
splicing and assembly of units at the Site. Units shall be disassembled only to the extent
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necessary to comply with transportation limitations and shall be clearly marked for
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reassembly and proper installation. Ladders shall be supplied as preassembled units.

5 For the manufacture of metal fabrications which will be exposed to view, only materials which
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are smooth and free of surface blemishes including pitting, seam marks, roller marks, rolled
trade names and roughness shall be used. Any such blemishes shall be removed by
grinding, or by welding and grinding, before cleaning, treating and application of finishes
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including anodising and galvanising. Smoothness shall be required all round for handrails
and ladders.
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6 Exposed work shall be formed true to line and level with accurate angles and surfaces and
straight sharp edges. Exposed edges shall be rounded to a radius of approximately 1 mm
unless otherwise designated.

7 Exposed connections with hairline joints which are flush and smooth shall be formed using
concealed fasteners wherever possible. Exposed fasteners shall be flat-head (countersunk)
screws or bolts. Bolt and screw holes shall be predrilled for attachment of metal fabrication
work and for the attachment of adjacent materials.

8 Welding shall be carried out by experienced tradesmen, and made with designated
electrodes or submerged arc conforming to BS EN ISO 2560. The following procedures shall
be carried out:

(a) before fabrication, all steel shall be thoroughly wire brushed, clean of all scale and
rust, and thoroughly straightened by approved methods that will not injure the
materials being worked on
QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 8
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

(b) welding shall be continuous along the entire line of contact except where tack or
intermittent welding is permitted
(c) where exposed, welds shall be cleaned of slag and ground smooth.
(d) All stainless steel welding shall be gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)or shield metal
arc welding (SMAW) processes using stainless steel type 316L consumables
conforming to the requirements of the under-mentioned codes / AWS A5.9 (GTAW) or
AWS A5.4 (SMAW).
(e) All aluminium welding shall be undertaken using GTAW process using consumables
under 5356 classification of AWS A5.10.
(f) Welding to be undertaken in accordance with the applicable code as follows:
General guidance for arc welding BS EN ISO 1101 –1
Arc welding of ferritic steels BS EN ISO 1101 – 2
Arc welding of stainless steels BS EN ISO 1101 –3
Arc welding of aluminium BS EN ISO 1101-4

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Welding of cast iron BS EN ISO 1101 -8

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Steel Structures AWS D1.1
Pressure vessels ASME VIII Div 1

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Piping ASME B31.3
9 Fixing shall be carried out as follows: gi
(a) the Contractor shall fabricate and install anchoring devices with spacing as required
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to provide adequate support for the intended use of the work
(b) fastenings to wooden plugs will not be permitted
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(c) All nuts and bolts shall be threaded in accordance with BS 3643 “Isometric series
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threads” part 2 “Limits and tolerances for coarse pitch threads” and fitted with 3mm
thick washers beneath bolt and nut.
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(d) Regardless of the materials being fixed all bolts, nuts, washers and anchor plates shall
be of stainless steel Grade 316 S31 to BS 970 and shall remain unpainted. PTFE
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washers shall be fitted beneath stainless steel washers for both bolthead and nut.
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(e) Drilled anchor fixings for use on concrete structure shall be of a type approved by the
Engineer’s Representative. The positions of all drilled anchors shall be approved by
the Engineer’s Representative and any Contractor proposing to use such fixings shall
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be deemed to have undertaken to supply, mark off, drill and fit.

(f) All exposed bolt heads and nuts shall be hexagonal and the length of all bolts shall be
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such that when fitted with a nut and tightened down, the threaded portion shall fill the
nut and not protrude from the face thereof by more then half the diameter of the bolt.
(g) All jointing material shall be provided by the Contractor.

10 Dissimilar materials shall be separated by gaskets.

6.4.2 Staircases

1 Metal staircases shall be constructed to the overall dimensions detailed on the Drawings and
shall be prefabricated in marine quality mill finished aluminium alloy or galvanised steel.
Staircases shall be designed to span longitudinally from wall to wall and shall be designed to
carry a live load of 5 kPa. Stringers shall be of adequate size to support dead and live loads.

2 Treads shall be of non-slip surface and shall have adequate stiffness to carry a point load of
1.8 kN at the centre.

3 Landings shall not exceed 3 m.

QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 9
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

4 Kicker plates shall extend to a minimum of 100 mm above flooring and open sides. The
risers shall not exceed 200 mm.

5 Chequer plates shall be as specified in Clause 6.4.6 wherein.

6 Unless otherwise shown on the Contract Drawings, furnish flush type abrasive nosing on
stairs.

7 Nosing Components:

(a) Homogeneous epoxy abrasive, with minimum 50 percent aluminium oxide content,
formed and cured upon an extruded aluminium base.
(b) Epoxy abrasive shall extend over and form curved front edge of nosing.
(c) Base of Nosing: Extruded aluminium alloy, 6063-T5, heat-treated complying with BS
EN 12020.
(d) Anchoring System: Double-set anchors consisting of two rows of integrally extruded

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anchors.

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(e) Size: 75 mm wide by 6 mm to 10 mm thick by length as shown.

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(f) Colour: Selected by Engineer from manufacturer’s standard colour range.

6.4.3 Ladders gi
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1 Galvanised steel ladders shall be to the form and dimensions shown on the Drawings, and as
specified below:

(a) ladders shall comply with BS 5395, Part 3.

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(b) ladders greater than 6000 m shall be provided with an intermediate platform
(c) stringers shall be solid flat sections of minimum size 65 mm by 13 mm where extended
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stringers are provided they shall be radiused over the top for walk-through access and
shall be not less than 600mm apart.
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(d) fixing brackets shall be at maximum 2500 mm centres

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(e) rungs shall be

(i) solid sections of minimum 20 mm diameter
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(ii) at 300 mm centres

(iii) minimum 380 mm wide between stringers
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(iv) minimum 200 mm from adjacent walls

(v) capable of withstanding a point load of 5000 N applied at the centre of the rung
and close to one end
(f) when supported horizontally over a span of 1.0 m with the climbing face uppermost
and with a load of 1000 N applied at the centre of the span, the ladder shall not
deflect more than 15 mm at the point of application of the load and shall show no
permanent deflection after removal of the load. Each ladder fixing shall be capable of
withstanding shear and pull-out loads of 5000 N
(g) safety cages shall be provided where indicated and where the distance between
landings exceeds 3500 mm. These shall be constructed of three vertical flat sections,
minimum size 50 mm by 8 mm supported by flat hoops with a diameter of 750 mm.
The hoops shall be at a maximum of 900 mm centres and the first hoop shall be
2400 mm above lowest platform level. No single hoop shall be used
QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 10
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

(h) all welds shall be ground flush and smoothed and ladders hot-dip galvanised after
fabrication. Connections to concrete or masonry walls shall be secure with accurately
positioned stainless steel anchor bolts. Ladders shall be mounted to produce a
finished appearance that is plumb, straight and true to dimensions.

2 Stainless steel ladders shall generally be of dimensions as designated for galvanised steel
ladders except that all materials shall be of stainless steel.

3 Aluminium ladders shall be to the form and specified dimensions shown on the Drawings,
and as specified below:

(a) the spacing of stringers, rungs and safety hoops shall be as galvanised steel ladders.
(b) material shall be aluminium alloy to BS EN 573 grade EN AW-6082.
(c) ladders shall be of all welded construction. Stringers shall be drilled to receive rungs
which shall be welded into position from the outside of the stringers. Welds shall not
be proud of the outside of the stringers

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(d) rungs shall be of substantial section serrated tube to enable sure hand and foot holds

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(e) fixings shall be of stainless steel. Gaskets shall be provided to isolate aluminium alloy
from other materials

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(f) all other requirements shall be as specified for galvanised steel ladders
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ladders shall be obtained from approved suppliers.
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6.4.4 Step Irons

1 Step ironing rising main valve chambers shall be galvanised malleable cast iron, shall
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conform to BS EN 13101, and shall be of general purpose type. The tail length shall be 230
mm unless the well into which the tail is to be cast is less than 290 mm thick.
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2 Step irons in house connection chambers shall comply with BS EN 13101 and be the
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general-purpose type manufactured of galvanised malleable cast iron. The tail length shall be
115mm. The step irons shall be epoxy coated with a material compatible with a galvanised
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surface and finished with a two part, acrylic polyurethane topcoat as detailed below and
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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Epoxy Coating 50 DFT

Two Part Acrylic Finish 50 DFT
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6.4.5 Handrails and Railings

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1 Handrailing shall be obtained from an approved experienced manufacturer and shall be

GRP, circular hollow section, marine quality mill finished aluminium alloy (BS EN 573 grade
EN AW-6082) in pre-fabricated lengths complete with fixings or shall be stainless steel
circular hollow section (BS970 Grade316S31). Site welding will not be accepted. All welded
parts to be completed during manufacturing fabrication with approved WPS by Engineer in
accordance with Clause 6.1.4 of this Part. Handrails and railings fabricated from mild steel,
stainless steel, or aluminium as shown on the Drawings and meet the following requirements:

(a) brackets, bolts and fastening devices shall be provided as required for
complete installation
(b) handrailing and railings shall be provided with smooth bends and welded joints
ground smooth and flush
(c) installed railings and supports shall withstand a 1100 N load applied at any point,
downward or horizontally or 740 N/m along the top rail, whichever is greater
(d) the deflection of both rails and standards shall to exceed 2 % of the span/height under
a horizontal load of 360 N/m on the top rail.
QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 11
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

2 Galvanised steel handrailing shall be provided in accordance with the following requirements:

(a) stanchions shall have a nominal bore of 40 mm and a minimum wall thickness of
3.25 mm
(b) stanchions on steel stringers shall have base plates or angles welded to bottom of
pipe and bolted to stringer
(c) rails shall have a nominal bore of 32 mm and minimum wall thickness of 4 mm
(d) horizontal handrails shall be 1,100 mm high with an intermediate rail 550 mm high
(e) railings shall be
(i) mounted so as to produce a finished appearance that is plumb, straight, and
true to dimension, free from kinks, twists, and abrasions
(ii) curves, where indicated on the Drawings or necessary, shall be bent to a radius
of not less than 100 mm. Where shown on the Drawings, or directed by the
Engineer, removable sections shall be provided

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(f) toe plates shall be provided where railings are not mounted on stanchions
(g) welds shall be ground flush and smooth and handrailing hot-dip galvanised after

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fabrication
(h) sleeves shall be provided for setting by other trades where embedded
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(i) connections to concrete or masonry wall surfaces shall be secure with accurately
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positioned stainless steel anchor bolts, or with cinch anchors and bolts
(j) where expanding anchor bolts are used on concrete surfaces, the bases shall be
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bedded on a mastic sealant as approved by the Engineer to prevent ingress of water

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(k) at ladders and other openings, 12 mm minimum galvanised steel safety chains with
eyebolt and harness type snap attachments shall be installed.
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3 Stainless steel handrailing shall generally be as designated for galvanised steel handrailing
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except that all materials shall be of stainless steel Grade 316 S 31, including stainless steel
safety chains and attachments.
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4 Aluminium handrailing shall generally be as designated for galvanised steel handrailing

except as modified below:
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(a) handrailing shall comprise double line handrails made from minimum 43 mm
outside diameter 9 SWG tube to BS 1474 Grades 6036-T6, 6082-T6 unless otherwise
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designated
(b) fixings shall be of stainless steel
(c) at ladders and other openings, two stainless chains shall be installed which shall be
fixed to hand rail standards or ladder stringers using suitable aluminium alloy hooks.

5 All joints shall be made within standards and shall consist of a dowel to provide rigidity fixed
within the handrailing using countersunk stainless steel grub screws. Where removable
lengths of handrails are detailed half lap joints shall be used.

6 Make provisions for handrails in the exterior and interior installations subject to high humidity
to drain water from railing system.

7 Posts mounted handrails in concrete, bends and elbows occurring at low points, drill weep
holes of 6 mm diameter at lowest possible elevations, one hole per post or rail. Drill hole in
the plane of the rail.

6.4.6 Chequer Plate

QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 12
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

1 General
2
(a) all chequer plate shall be designed to support uniformly distributed loads of 7.5 kN/m .
The loading shall be considered a minimum requirement. Where an item of
equipment demands larger loading, the loading shall be increased accordingly.
(b) maximum deflection shall be 0.2 % of the span under maximum loading
conditions for steel flooring and one per cent for Aluminium
(c) plate sections shall
(i) have a minimum thickness of 6 mm, excluding the raised pattern
(ii) Plates shall be reinforced with angle sections of the same material to meet the
above loading and deflection requirements.
(iii) be of diamond shaped pattern at the top and have an angled and opposed
pattern which shall be non-slip type
(d) joints shall be provided at the centre of all openings unless otherwise shown on the

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Drawings

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(e) joints and openings shall be reinforced with additional stiffeners where necessary

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to provide the required load carrying capacity and deflection criterion.

2
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Galvanised steel chequer plate and frames shall be hot dip galvanised after fabrication, and
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all fasteners shall be stainless steel. Where specified on the drawings galvanised chequer
plate flooring shall in addition be epoxy coated.
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3 Aluminium chequer plate and frames shall be fabricated from aluminium alloy to BS EN 755-
9, Grade 6082-T6, and all fasteners shall be stainless steel A4. Gaskets shall be provided to
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isolate aluminium alloy from other materials.

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4 Flooring shall be provided in sizes suitable for removal by one man and with the appropriate
cutouts to permit its removal without disturbing or dismantling spindles, supporting brackets
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or pipe work. Intermediate supporting members shall be provided and fixed, the cost of which
shall be deemed to be included in the cost of the flooring.
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5 Chequer plate flooring covering openings in concrete or brickwork shall be set flush in frames
of the same material fixed as shown on the drawings.
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6.4.7 Gratings and Open Mesh Flooring

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1 General

(a) all flooring and walkways shall be designed to support uniformly distributed loads of 7.5
2
kN/m
(b) gratings and open mesh flooring shall be welded, rectangular opening type, bar
gratings with seat angles, anchors and supports of the same material
(c) grating up to and including 1.0 m shall be furnished in pieces approximately 1.0 m in
width and all gratings for pans greater than 1 m shall be furnished in pieces 0.8 m in
width
(d) openings required in gratings shall be banded where openings are provided and shall
be strengthened as necessary
(e) installed units shall be true to plane and free of warps and irregularities
(f) units shall be divided for ease of installation and removal
(g) bearing bars shall be serrated and have a minimum size of 45 mm deep by 5 mm
thick
QCS 2014 Section 08: Drainage works Page 13
Part 06: Miscellaneous Metal Works

(h) the edges of all flooring and platforms shall be finished with approved kerbs, which
shall be provided by the flooring supplier and shall be fitted with fish tail lugs for
building into the concrete work
(i) the pattern, design thickness and finish shall be approved by the Engineer. The
pattern of open type flooring shall be rectangular and shall match between adjacent
panels
(j) flooring and walkway supports shall be independent of bearing supports to prevent the
setting up of oscillations and noisy vibrations
(k) all clips and bolts shall be stainless steel
(l) all supporting metal work shall be provided on large area openings to provide
support for the flooring
(m) the faces of flooring which come into contact with cement mortar concrete shall have
two coats of bituminous paint before installation of the frame.

2 Galvanised steel gratings and open mesh flooring shall be hot dipped galvanised after

s
fabrication.

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3 Aluminium gratings and open mesh flooring shall be manufactured in approved structural

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aluminium BS 1471, BS 1472 or BS 1474, Grade 6063-T6 or 6082-T6 unless otherwise
designated and all fastens shall be stainless steel. Gaskets shall be provided to isolate
aluminium alloy from other materials. gi
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4 Stainless steel gratings and open mesh flooring shall be manufactured of Grade 316S31 to
BS 970.
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5 Flooring shall be removable and set flush in frames of the same material. Frames shall be
fixed as shown on the drawings.
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6 The deflection under maximum load shall not exceed 0.2 per cent of the span for steel
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flooring and one per cent for aluminium.

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7 Flooring shall be provided in sizes suitable for removal by one man and with the appropriate
cut-outs to permit its removal without disturbing or dismantling spindles, supporting brackets
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or pipe work. Intermediate supporting members shall be provided and fixed, the cost of which
shall be deemed to be included in the cost of the flooring.
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8 Steel angle support frames to be embedded in concrete shall be stainless steel,

BS EN 10272:2000 Type 316, unless indicated otherwise.
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9 Welded anchors for stainless steel support frames shall also be stainless steel.

END OF PART