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    Technical Calculations 2

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    John Raymart Rafer
    Bypass operation involves splitting a portion of the inlet stream from a process unit and combining it with the outlet stream rather than having the entire inlet stream enter the process unit. This allows achieving intermediate concentrations between the untreated reactant and process outlet product. Bypassing is less common than recycling but can be used to attain precise concentration control. An example is provided of bypassing a nitrogen-hexane mixture to achieve a 15% mole concentration of hexane.

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    Technical Calculations 2

    Uploaded by

    John Raymart Rafer
    45 views13 pages
    Bypass operation involves splitting a portion of the inlet stream from a process unit and combining it with the outlet stream rather than having the entire inlet stream enter the process unit. This allows achieving intermediate concentrations between the untreated reactant and process outlet product. Bypassing is less common than recycling but can be used to attain precise concentration control. An example is provided of bypassing a nitrogen-hexane mixture to achieve a 15% mole concentration of hexane.

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    Combustion lec

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    Combustion Lecture

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    Bypass operation involves splitting a portion of the inlet stream from a process unit and combining it with the outlet stream rather than having the entire inlet stream enter the process unit. This allows achieving intermediate concentrations between the untreated reactant and process outlet product. Bypassing is less common than recycling but can be used to attain precise concentration control. An example is provided of bypassing a nitrogen-hexane mixture to achieve a 15% mole concentration of hexane.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views13 pages

    Technical Calculations 2

    Uploaded by

    John Raymart Rafer
    Bypass operation involves splitting a portion of the inlet stream from a process unit and combining it with the outlet stream rather than having the entire inlet stream enter the process unit. This allows achieving intermediate concentrations between the untreated reactant and process outlet product. Bypassing is less common than recycling but can be used to attain precise concentration control. An example is provided of bypassing a nitrogen-hexane mixture to achieve a 15% mole concentration of hexane.

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    TECHNICAL CALCULATIONS 2

    Bypass Operation

    A bypass stream is one where a portion


    of the inlet to a process unit is split
    from the feed and instead of entering
    the process is combined with the outlet
    from that process.
    Bypass Operation
    Bypass Operation
    Bypassing a stream is useful in
    attaining precise control of
    concentration.

    This practice is far less common than


    recycle, but may be used if your
    ultimate goal is a material with
    properties "in-between" the untreated
    reactant and the process outlet product
    Bypass Operation
    Bypass Stream

    Feed Net Feed Process equipment


    40% salt Product
    70% salt 65% salt

    In general, it is easier to make a large change in


    concentration or property in a small mass rather
    than make a small change in a large mass.
    Ex. (Introductory Concepts in Chemical Engineering, W.
    Jose, pg 5-8)

    We desire to lower the n-hexane content of a nitrogen-


    hexane mixture at 45°C (the partial pressure of n – hexane =
    310 mm Hg) and a total pressure of 757 mm Hg to a mixture
    containing 15% mole n-hexane. This could be achieved by
    chilling the mixture to 10°C to condense our some of the n-
    hexane. The gas leaves saturated at 10°C (the partial pressure
    of n-hexane = 64 mm Hg) and at a pressure of 750 mm Hg.
    The bypass gas then mixes with the gas from the chiller to
    form the 15% mixture. 300m3/min of the original gas
    mixture is to be treated.
    a. How much n-hexane is condensed in the chiller?
    b. What is the volume of the gas that bypasses the
    chiller? Assume ideal gas behavior.
    SW (Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes,
    Felder/Rousseau, 4.32 pg 166)

    Fresh orange juice contains 12% wt. solids and the


    balance water, and concentrated orange juice contains 42%
    wt solids. Initially a single evaporation process was used for
    the concentration, but volatile constituents of the juice
    escaped with the water, leaving the concentrate with a flat
    taste. The current process overcomes this problem by
    bypassing the evaporator with a fraction of the fresh juice.
    The juice that enters the evaporator is concentrated to 58% wt
    solids, and the evaporator product stream is mixed with the
    bypassed fresh juice to achieve the desired final
    concentration.
    a. Draw and label a flowchart of this process,
    neglecting the vaporization of everything in the juice but
    water.
    b. Calculate the amount of product (42% concentrate) produced
    per 100 kg fresh fruit juice fed to the process and the fraction
    of the feed that bypasses the evaporator.
    c. Most of the volatile ingredients that provide the taste of the
    concentrate are contained in the fresh juice that bypasses the
    evaporator. You could get more of these ingredients in the
    final product by evaporating to (say) 90% solids instead of
    58%; you could then bypass a greater fraction of the fresh juice
    and thereby obtain an even better tasting product. Suggest
    possible drawbacks to this proposal.
    Purge Operation
    A purge stream is one where a portion
    of a recycle stream is removed from
    the system in order to avoid
    accumulation of undesired material
    in a recycled system
    Purge Operation
    This is common with multi-phase systems
    where only 1 phase is either removed or
    recycled (i.e., if one recycles catalyst pellets,
    but adds "make-up" fresh catalyst a purge
    will be needed to discard some "spent"
    catalyst).

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