Confederate Name Changes
Confederate Name Changes
Confederate Name Changes
The purpose of this memo is to provide an overview of findings related to the Confederate
Monuments Resolution No. 20171005-031. Attached for your review are five items:
On October 5, 2017 City Council passed Resolution No. 20171005-031 which directed the City
Manager to identify and develop recommendations for accomplishing removal or renaming of
City-owned monuments and memorials of the Confederacy located on City-owned property
and submitting a report to City Council.
The Equity Office in partnership with other City departments reached out and initiated
consultation with the peer cities of Dallas and New Orleans to understand their process for
Confederate monument removal and identification, as well as best practices.
In addition, a resolution workgroup of key departments was formed and convened as well as
consulting experts from the Austin History Center, Travis County Historical Commission, Austin
Independent School District (AISD) School Renaming Task Force and staff engaged in historic
preservation from the Austin Planning and Zoning Department.
The workgroup met to discuss the scope of the resolution and develop a plan to identify
Confederate monuments and memorials consulting the City’s historians to conduct a thorough
analysis of the Confederate assets as well as best practices in addressing the removal or
contextualization of these assets.
Through this process, the Equity Office has made two lists available for Council review and
action. The first is “Assets Slated for Initial Review.” This list represents assets that are directly
related to the Confederacy and/or the Civil War and recommended as a priority for immediate
action to remediate. The second list is titled “Assets for Secondary Review,” representing assets
that require more analysis or were not directly tied to the Confederacy and/or the Civil War but
within the spirit of the resolution representing slavery, segregation, and/or racism.
Equity Office recommends Council take immediate action to rename streets that were
identified in the list for Assets Slated for Initial Review.
Street assets slated for initial renaming are anticipated to cost $5,956.23.
Consider and decide on two street name change options presented by the Austin
Transportation Department. Council can choose to follow the standard procedure for a
street name change or consider a second option to waive the code for the initial
administrative process to begin a street name change in an effort to gain efficiency. For
example, Council could make a determination that this grouping of street name changes
related to Resolution 20171005-031 automatically go to Public Hearing. This action
would eliminate resources spent on the initial mailing that is used for determining the
need for a public hearing and digitizing completed response forms which is part of the
standard procedure for a street name change.
Allow the Council Member(s) in whose district the street resides to identify a person or
other entity desired to be honored in the renaming of the street. Please reference the
“Presentation on Confederate Monuments Resolution” to see recommendations from
the AISD School Renaming Task Force and the Austin Commission for Women for
renaming guidance.
Make a formal request to the Texas Historical Commission to remove their Confederate
related markers from City property that were identified in the Assets Slated for Initial
Review. For example, one of these assets, the Austin Confederate States of America
marker is located at the intersection of Cesar Chavez and Congress Avenue. Council can
take action to direct staff to submit an application to relocate these markers. It must be
noted that relocation of Texas Historical Commission Markers must provide a reason for
the relocation request and first be approved by the Travis County Historical Commission
before final approval from the State of Texas.
Get input from Council on the desire to address secondary assets that were identified.
Explore the opportunity for building/structural assets to be contextualized in order to
provide awareness and a teachable moment for the community.
Summary
The goal of this report was to identify City-owned Confederate-named assets, analyze the cost
of remediating or removing these assets, and to provide guidance on the remediation of these
assets. Assets slated for initial review can immediately be acted upon, while secondary assets
can be remediated in the future with more input and direction from Council.
Finally, it is essential to acknowledge that societal values are fluid, and they can be and are
different today compared to when our City made decisions to name and/or place these
Confederate symbols in our community. It is also important to acknowledge that nearly all
monuments to the Confederacy and its leaders were erected without a true democratic
process. People of color often had no voice and no opportunity to raise concerns about the
City’s decision to honor Confederate leaders.
This process not only calls attention to remediating symbols of the Confederacy in our City, but
creates a new opportunity for us to rename these symbols in order to commemorate the
current values and legacy of those we choose to honor in our community’s public spaces.
Thanks!
High Priority = Any asset identified that is in direct relationship to the language in
the resolution being explicitly confederate and/or Civil War related
“Assets for Secondary Review”
Secondary = Any asset identified requiring more engagement or that was not explicitly
confederate and/or Civil War related but represented segregation, racism, and/or slavery
What Other Cities are Doing
Dallas, Texas
o August 24, 2017- Mayor creates Task Force
o September, 2017- City Council provides further guidance about task force through City Council resolution
o August 31, 2017 to September 22, 2017 – Task Force holds five public hearings, two of which provided
opportunities for public comment
o Specific recommendations for specific monuments/streets/parks:
o -- Robert E. Lee statue – donate to a museum (status: has been removed)
o -- Confederate Monument (in cemetery) – donate to a museum (as of 2 days ago, likely to be taken down)
o -- Fair Park – historic art and architecture remain in place and contextualized
o -- Robert E. Lee park – rename
o -- Confederate Cemetery – rename
o --- Street names with confirmed Confederate linkage – rename
o Recommends creation of City-wide engagement process to consider renaming City parks for a broader
range of individuals, including abolitionists, formerly enslaved, civil and human rights leaders,
marginalized and underrepresented communities, and victims of police brutality.
What Other Cities are Doing
New Orleans, LA
o June, 2015 – Mayor Landrieu calls for removal of 4 monuments (Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, P.G.T
Beauregard, and Liberty Place)
o July, 2015 – 115 people take part in talks out of 600 invited – facilitated through “Welcome Table” racial
reconciliation initiative – talks are not open to press or public
o August, 2015 – Historic District Landmarks Commission votes 11-1 to remove monuments
o December, 2015 – Monuments Taskforce delivers petition to keep all monuments
o December, 2015 – City Council holds public hearings and votes to remove all monuments
o May, 2017 – all four monuments removed and placed in storage
Next Steps/Recommendations
•Equity Office recommends Council take immediate action to rename streets that were identified in the
list for “Assets Slated for Initial Review”
•Street assets slated for initial renaming are anticipated to cost $5,956.23.
•Consider and decide on options presented by Austin Transportation Department to gain efficiencies in
renaming multiple streets
•Allow the Council Member(s) in which the street resides to identify a person or other entity desired to
be honored in the rename of the street
•Make a formal request to the Texas Historical Commission to remove their Confederate related markers
from city property
•Get input from Council on the desire to address secondary assets that were identified
•Explore the opportunity for building/structural assets to be contextualized in order to provide
awareness and a teachable moment for the community
Renaming Guidance
Align with Austin Women Commission Recommendation 20171011-05a calling for the
City to address gender and racial disparities in the naming of public symbols and seize
the opportunity to recognize the contributions of women and people of color
Historically Connected – having a positive relationship and history with the community
Servant Leader – compassionate advocate for vulnerable and marginalized populations
Respected for Integrity – demonstrating strength of character
Equity and Social Justice – a member of a community that has been historically
marginalized
Visionary and Inspirational - inspiring in thought and action a trailblazer in opening
doors and creating opportunities
Jeff Davis Avenue Street Name Davis was the President of the Confederacy; a statue Yes City High Austin Rename District 7;
of him was removed from UT’s campus in 2015. Transportation
Department
Street
already
renamed
Austin C.S.A. Historical Marker Texas Historical Commission marker, located at Yes City/State High PARD Removal District 9
intersection of Cesar Chavez and Congress Avenue
on west side of Congress, dedicated 1965; one of 3
markers that incorporate the Confederate States of
America in the marking title
Fort MacGruder Historical Marker Texas Historical Commission marker; 3900 S. Yes City/State High PARD Missing District 3
C.S.A. Congress Ave, reported missing
Name of Asset Type of Asset Notes/Historical Context Civil War Liability Priority Department Recommendation Comments
Texas Newspapers Historical Marker Texas Historical Commission marker; 718 W. 5th Yes City/State High PARD Removal District 9
C.S.A. St.These markers are among more than 100 C.S.A.
others across the state that are representative of the
Texas Civil War Centennial era of 1961-65 during
which the State of Texas convened the Texas Civil
War Centennial Commission and the Texas State
Historical Survey Committee. (text taken from PARD
memo)
Metz Recreation Park Name Hamilton M. Metz: Captain Co. E, 33rd Texas Yes City High PARD Interpretive District 3
Center/Park and Pool Cavalry (Confederate Vet), also longtime school Signage/Educational
board member 1903-1915 Programming
Jefferson Davis Highway Marker Davis was the President of the Confederacy; a statue Yes State/City High Austin Removal District 2
of him was removed from UT’s campus in 2015. Transportation
Located 6812 South Congress Avenue
Littlefield Street Street Name George Littlefield: Confederate Army Major - Terry's Yes City High Austin Rename District 9
Texas Rangers; slave owner; UT's Littlefield Fountain Transportation
was established as a war memorial. Commissioned Department
statues of Confederate Generals, including Robert E.
Lee, at UT, which was taken down in 2017; he is the
namesake of the Austin chapter of Sons of
Confederate Veterans (Camp 59)
Tom Green Street Street Name General in Civil War, died in battle, first company Yes City High Austin Rename District 9
raised in Austin and one of the first organized in the Transportation
State was named after him (1861) Department
Sneed Cove Street Name Sebron Sneed: owned 21 slaves; Confederate provost Yes City High Austin Rename District 2
marshal and volunteered his home also called "Comal Transportation
Bluff" as a Confederate recruiting station. Department
Reagan Hill Dr. Street Name in same area as Reagan H.S., so presumably named Yes City High Austin Rename District 4
after John H. Reagan. Transportation
Department
Dixie Drive Street Name De facto/unofficial anthem of the Confederate States Yes City High Austin Rename District 2
of America; Confederate Pres. Jeff Davis had it Transportation
played at his inauguration
Name of Asset Type of Asset Notes/Historical Context Civil War Liability Priority Department Recommendation Comments
Confederate Avenue Street Name Located within Clarksville, historically Black Yes City High Austin Rename District 9
neighborhood; didn't show up in City Directories until Transportation
1924 Department
Plantation Road Street Name Recalls 19th century when plantation landowners Yes City High Austin Rename District 5/borders
owned black slaves Transportation District 8, where
Department Thomas
Kincheon St is
(former slave,
namesake of
Kincheonville)
Confederate Monuments Resolution - Assets for Secondary Review
Asset Name Asset Type Notes/Context Civil War Liability Priority Department Comments
Pease Park Park Name Elisha M. Pease: one-time Governor of Texas, Unionist, but was a slave owner. Yes City Medium PARD District 9
Pease’s plantation in Old West Austin and nearby slave quarters resided in
Clarksville. Dave Pease and S.L. Whitley were former slaves of the family.
Bouldin Creek Neighborhood Colonel James Bouldin: big land owner and slave owner; after emancipation, City Medium Watershed
Name freedmen settled in what is now Brackenridge neighborhood
Waller Creek Soon to be Park Edwin Waller: Chosen by Lamar to design downtown grid; first Mayor of Austin; City Medium PARD/Watershed
Name owned 17 slaves.
Barton Springs (Pool, Other William Barton: “Daniel Boone of Texas”; slave owner; settled on Comanche land in City Medium PARD
Bathhouse) 1830s near now Barton Springs - fought Comanches
Sons of Confederate Memorial Major George W. Littlefield Camp #59 10' granite obelisk located in the northeastern Yes Private/City Medium PARD District 1
Veterans Memorial section of Oakwood Cemetery, near the intersection of Comal St. and MLK, Jr. Blvd.
Major William Martin Historical Texas Historical Commission marker in Oakwood Cemetery, dedicated 1999. Major Yes City/State Medium PARD District 1
"Buck" Walton Marker in Confederate Army; owned slaves; was a lawyer who practiced with Sneed and A.J.
Hamilton, later governor of Texas; Walton building – 2nd Travis County Courthouse
Johann Jacob Groos Historical Texas Historical Commission marker in Oakwood Cemetery, dedicated 1974; was Yes City/State Medium PARD District 1
Marker Texas Land Commissioner for 4 years; served in Confederacy
Andrew Jackson Hamilton Historical Texas Historical Commission marker in Oakwood Cemetery; slave owner; he was Yes City/State Medium PARD District 1
Marker appointed acting state Attorney General in 1849, and in 1850 was elected to a term in
the State House of Representatives. Hamilton was elected to the United States House
of Representative as an Independent Democrat in 1858, representing the Western
District of Texas. He did not seek re-election in 1860 and later moved to New
Orleans, Louisiana. During the Civil War, he was commissioned a Brigadier General
of Volunteers and in 1862 was appointed Military Governor of Texas, with
headquarters at federally-occupied New Orleans and Brownsville. In June 1865
Hamilton was appointed by President Andrew Johnson as the 11th Governor of
Texas,a provisional post in the early Reconstruction period; he served for 14 months.
He was a Texas Supreme Court justice in 1866, and a delegate to the Loyalist
Convention in Philadelphia in 1866. After the war, he came to oppose Black suffrage
and became one of Texas' leading Republicans, but he lost the seat for Governor of
Texas in 1869.
Asset Name Asset Type Notes/Context Civil War Liability Priority Department Comments
Bouldin Avenue Street Name Colonel James Bouldin: one of South Austin's pioneer settlers and slave owner; after City Medium Austin segregated
emancipation, freedmen settled in what is now Brackenridge neighborhood Transportation neighborhoo
Department d, could not
be a person
of color to
live there
Pease Road Street Name Elisha M. Pease: one-time Governor of Texas, Unionist, but was a slave owner. Yes City Medium Austin
Pease’s plantation in Old West Austin and nearby slave quarters resided in Transportation
Clarksville. Dave Pease and S.L. Whitley were former slaves of the family. Department
Duval Street Street Name named for Captain John Crittenden Duval or Captain Burr H. Duval?; Texas Yes City Medium Austin
Revolution (both served) + Confederate soldier &Texas Ranger (John C.) Transportation
Department
Burnet Road & Burnet Street Name David G. Burnet: Served as VP under Lamar and Interim President of the new City Medium Austin
Lane Republic of Texas (1839 – 1841); Slave-owner Transportation
Department
Burleson Road Street Name Gen. Edward Burleson: slaughtered Native Americans (Cherokees and Comanches); City Medium Austin
known as “Old Indian Fighter,” VP of Republic of Texas; commonly known for Transportation
killing more Mexicans and Indians than any other Texan. Department
Lamar Blvd Street Name Mirabeau Lamar: President of the Republic of Texas, Occupied/Colonized Native land City Medium Austin
that is now Austin. Slave owner, Native American removal; In 1840, he signed “An Transportation
Act Concerning Free Persons of Color,” which gave all free blacks then living in Department
Texas two years to get out or face being sold into slavery, and mandating that any free
black entering Texas would be enslaved for one year. At the end of that year, if that
free person of color could not post bond, they became a slave for life. Convinced that
Texas statehood was necessary to protect slavery, lobbied for annexation.
Hancock Drive & Hancock Street Name The street named for John Hancock in 1938: prominent judge and Austinite in Civil Yes City Medium Austin
Rec Center War era, Unionist but owned at least 21 slaves and supported U.S. Grants' policy for Transportation
placing Native Americans on reservations. Emancipated slaves, Rubin and Elizabeth Department
Hancock, bought land and established a farm in the area that is now Loop 1 and
Parmer Lane. Rec Center is said to be named after Lewis (George's son) - Austin
County Club founder, "father of golf," banker, mayor (1895-1897) and segregationist
(sold tracts of land in Aldridge Place with racial deed restrictions); neighborhood said
to be named after Lewis Jr.
Asset Name Asset Type Notes/Context Civil War Liability Priority Department Comments
Stephen F. Austin Drive, Street Name Fought to defend slavery in spite of Mexico's effort to ban it; believed slave labor City Medium Austin
Austin city name, & Rec indispensable for Texas to flourish in its production of sugar and cotton; believed that Transportation
Center if slaves were emancipated they would turn into "vagabonds, a nuisance and a Department
menace." Wanted slaveowners to be compensated if their slaves were emancipated.
(From Eugene Barker's The Life of Stephen F. Austin, 1926)
Waller Street Street Name Edwin Waller: Chosen by Lamar to design downtown grid; first Mayor of Austin; City Medium Austin
owned 17 slaves. Transportation
Department
William Barton Dr. & all Street Name “Daniel Boone of Texas”; slave owner; settled on Comanche land in 1830s near now City Medium Austin
associated Barton names: Barton Springs - fought Comanches Transportation
Barton Blvd, Barton Hills, Department
Barton Parkway, Barton
Point Circle, Barton Point
Drive, Barton Skyway,
Barton View Dr, Barton
Village Circle, Barton’s
Bluff Ln
Oliphant Street Street Name William James Oliphant: soldier in Civil War; studied photography with Alexander Yes City Medium Austin
Gardner, major photographer of the Civil War; United Daughters of the Confederacy Transportation
Austin chapter is named after him. Department
Lanier Dr. Street Name Named after Sidney Lanier? Yes City Medium Austin
Transportation
Department
Mirabeau Street Street Name Named after Lamar? City Medium Austin
Transportation
Department
Fort Sumter Circle Street Name Charleston, South Carolina: first shots of the Civil War, fired by Confederacy Yes City Medium Austin
Transportation
Department
Fort Sumter Road Street Name Charleston, South Carolina: first shots of the Civil War, fired by Confederacy Yes City Medium Austin
Transportation
Department
City of Austin 6/15/2018
Sign Cost Estimate
Subject: Street name sign replacement cost estimate Confederate related streets
NOTE: while this would be a standardized process whether the street name case is related to this
resolution or standard business, the more Response Forms that go out, the more costly to the City and
the more likely someone will respond in the “negative” and trigger a public hearing. It’s potentially a lot
of work and resources where the outcome is very predictable.
Additional Comments
1. In either case above, there would be a minimum of two mailings sent to each abutting property
owner for each street name change case: 1) a notice of public hearing and 2) a notice providing
the outcome of the public hearing/Official Change of Address notice. Based on two recent street
name change cases, mailings cost approximately $0.60 per property owner per mailing, not
including administrative time to prepare the mailings.
2. According to Chapter 14-5-2 of City Code: “An application must include the proposed new street
name.” Council Members with streets in question seek public input early in the process to
determine proposed street name(s) with majority support.
3. Council may choose to waive the application fee ($415 per street to be renamed).
4. Council may choose to waive the fabrication and installation costs for the new signs (see
attached cost estimates), in which case an alternate reimbursement by the City would require
identification.
5. Per City Code Chapter 14-5-4, applications must include one or more of the “Allowed Reasons
for Street Name Change”:
a. to establish continuity of a street name, including establishing one name for a roadway
with staggered center lines that is commonly traveled as a single thoroughfare;
b. to eliminate duplication of name spelling or phonetics;
c. to correct a misspelling;
d. to enhance ease of location;
e. for consistency with the street numbering system designation, including compass
direction;
f. to provide a necessary roadway designation, including: "street," "road," "lane," "circle,"
"drive," or "boulevard;"
g. to honor a person, place, institution, group, entity, or event; or
h. to enhance a neighborhood through the association of a street name with its location,
area characteristics, and history.