Article

Univalent Harmonic Functions

Meera Agarwal1, Ranjita Kapur2

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to use the Dziok-Srivastava operator to find necessary and sufficient
condition of complex valued harmonic univalent functions. Extreme points for these classes are also
determined. An integral operator, distortion bounds and a neighbourhood of such functions are also
considered.

Keywords: Convolution, Distortion bounds, Dziok-Srivastava operator, Harmonic functions,

Integral operator, Neighbourhood

Introduction
Let O be the open unit disc and FH be the class of functions which are univalent, complex valued, sense-preserving,
harmonic in O normalized by:

g (0) = gz (0) − 1 = 0.

Each g є FH can be written as

g = h1 ± h2

Where h1 and h2 are analytic in O

We call h1 the analytic part and h2 be its co-analytic part. For g to be sense-preserving and locally univalent in O a
necessary and sufficient condition is given by |h1’ (z)| > |h2’ (z)| in O.1

Thus for

g = h1 ± є F, h2 H

We may write:

h1 (z) = z + ∑∞ = 2; h2 (z) = ∑∞ =1 (0 ≤v1 <1)

Note that FH becomes F, the class of normalized analytic functions which are univalent if the co-analytic part of is
equal to zero.

For qt є D (t = 1, 2 . . . p)

1
Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor, Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
Correspondence: Ms. Meera Agarwal, Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
E-mail Id: [email protected]
Orcid Id: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-0942
How to cite this article: Agarwal M, Kapur R. Univalent Harmonic Functions. J Adv Res Embed Sys 2017; 4(1&2): 15-18.
ISSN: 2395-3802

© ADR Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Agarwal M et al. J. Adv. Res. Embed. Sys. 2017; 4(1&2)

st є D - {0,−1,−2 . . .} (t = 1, 2 . . . w), the generalized Silverman and Jahangiri, gave the necessary and
hyper geometric function is then defined by: sufficient conditions for functions of the form (1) to be
in (s), where 0 ≤s <1.6
pFw (q1 . . . qp; s1 . . . sw; z)
Note for p = w+ 1, q1 = 1, q2 = s1 . . . qp = sw and the co-
= ∑ =0∞ (1) … ( ), analytic part of g = h1 ± being equal to zero, the class (q
s) reduces h2 - 1to the class studied in.7
( ) …( ) ! 1
Now here, we will present a sufficient condition for g = h
(p ≤w + 1; p, w є N0 = {0, 1, 2 . . .})
± given by (1) to be in F* (q s) and then 1 h2 H1.
Where (e) n is the Pochhammer symbol defined by:
We will show that the same condition is also necessary
( ) = Г (+) Г ( ) (+ 1) · (+ − 1) for n є N = {1, 2 . . .} = 1 when for the functions to be in (q1, s). Distortion theorems,
n = 0. extreme points, integral operators and neighbourhoods
of such functions are considered.
Corresponding to the function:
Theorems and Important Results
h1 (q1 . . . qp; s1 . . . sw; z) = ZpFw (q1 . . . qp; s1. . . sw;
z). In theorem A, we will introduce a sufficient condition for
the harmonic functions to be in F*H (q1, s) theorem A.
The Dziok-Srivastava operator:2
Let g = h1 ± h2 be given by (1).
Ap, w (q1 . . . qp; s1 . . . sw) is defined by Ap, w (q1 . . .
qp; s1 . . . sw) g (z) = h1 (q1 . . . qp; s1 . . . sw; z) g (z) If ∑∞ =2 −1!1 (1−s −s | |+1−s +s | |) Г (q1, s) ≤ 1- 1+s | 1| (5) 1−s

∞ (1) − 1 … ( ) − 1 = z + ∑ = 2 ( ) … ( ) −1 − 1! 1 − 1 Where u1 = 1, 0 ≤ s < 1 and Г (1) = |(1) −1 …( ) − 1 |, (1)

−1 …( ) – 1 then g є F*H (q1, s)
Where “ ” means convolution
Proof
To make it easy, we write:
In order to prove that g є F*H (q1, s), we will show that
Ap, w [1] g (z) = Ap, w (q1 . . . qp; s1 . . . sw) g (z) if (5) holds, then the required condition (3) is satisfied.
Now we define the Dziok - Srivastava operator of the For (3), we can write:
Harmonic function given by:
(arg Ap,w [1]g(z)) = Re {z(Ap,w[ 1]ℎ1(z)) − (Ap,w[
g = h1 + h2 1]ℎ2(z)) .}Ap, w[ 1]h1 + Ap,w[ 1]h2 = Re ( ) ( )
As + Ap,w [1] h2 using the relation that Re ω ≥ s iff |1 − s + ω | ≥ |1 + s −
ω |,
Ap, w [1] g = Ap, w [1] h1
It is sufficient to show that:
Let F*H (q1, s) be the family of harmonic functions of the
form such that (arg Ap, w [1] g) ≥s, 0 ≤s <1, |z| = r <1. |M(z) + (1−s)N(z)| − |M(z) − (1 + s)N(z)| ≥ 0. (6)
For p = w + 1, q2 = s1 . . . qp = sw, F*H (1, s) = FH (s)3 is Substituting the values of M (z) and N (z) in (5), the
the class of orientation preserving univalent harmonic expression becomes:
star like functions f of order s in O, that is (arg g (r ) >s is
univalent.4 |M(z) + (1 − s)N(z)| − |M(z) − (1 + s)N(z)| ≥ (2 − s)|z| −
∑∞ =2 +1−s −1! Г ( 1, )| || | – ∑∞ =1 −1+s −1! Г ( 1, )| || | s|z| -
Also, F*H (n+1, s) = RH (n, harmonic functions class with ∑∞ =2 −1−s −1! Г (1)| || | - ∑ =1∞ +1+s Г(1)| || | (7)
(arg Dng(z)) ≥s, where D is the Ruscheweyh derivative.5
1 − ∑∞ − Г ( , )| | ≥2(1−s)|z|{ =2 (1− )( −1)! 1 − ∑∞ + } Г (
We also let (q1, s) = F*H (q1, s) ∩ VH6, where VH, the , )| | =1 (1− )( −1)! 1 = 2(1 − s)|z| {1 −
class of harmonic functions g of the form (1) and there
exists so that, mod 2, arg (uk) + (k – 1) = arg (vk) + 1+ s | | [∑∞ 1 ( k− s | | + 1 − s 1 − s 1 =2 ( −1)! k+ s | |) Г (
(k − 1) = 0 k ≥2 , )]} 1 − s 1

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J. Adv. Res. Embed. Sys. 2017; 4(1&2) Agarwal M et al.

This expression is non-negative by (5) and so g є F*H (q1, Proof

s) we obtain the necessary and sufficient given by (4).
Any function g є (q1, s) may be expressed as:
Conditions for g = h1 + h2
g(z) = z + ∑∞ =2| |+ ̅ + ̅ ∑ ∞ | | 1 = 2
Theorem B
Where the coefficients satisfy the inequality (5)
Let g = be given by (4). Then g є (q1, s) h1 + h2
Set h11 (z) = z, h21 (z) = v1z, h1k (z) = z + k 
∞ 1 k− s k+ s
{ [∑ =2 (−1)! ( 1– s ||+ 1 − s | |) Г ( 1, )]}≤ 1 − 1+ s |1|
(8) 1 − s h2k = v1z +,

Where u1 = 1, 0 ≤ s < 1 Writing Xk = | | k Yk = | | k = 2, 3 . . . and X1 = 1 − ∑ =2∞

Xk; Y1 = 1 − ∑ =2∞ Yk
(1) −1 …( )
(1) =| −1 | (1) −1 … ( ) −1
We have:
Proof
g(z) = ∑ =1∞ (Xkℎ1 ( ) + Y ℎ2 ( ))
Since (q1, s)  F*H (q1, s), so we required to prove other
part of the theorem. In particular, we have

For functions g є (q1, s), we observe that the condition h21 (z) = z + ̅1 and

(arg Ap, w[1]g) ≥s h2k (z) = z + kxz k ̅ +̅̅1 + (k ≥2, |x| + |y| = 1 − |v1|),k

(arg Ap, w[1]g) - s h2k (z) = z + kxz k ̅ +̅̅1 + (k ≥2, |x| + |y| = 1 − |v1|),k

= Re { z(Ap,w[ 1]ℎ1(z)) − (Ap,w[ 1]ℎ2 (z))′ . − s}Ap,w[ 1]ℎ1+ We observe that the extreme points of (q1, s) are
Ap,w[ 1]ℎ2 ≥ 0 completely contained in {h2k(z)}.

Re ∞ −s ∞ +s (1 − s)z + ∑ =2 Г ( 1, )| | − ∑ =1 −1! Г ( 1, )| | To see that h21 is not an extreme point, Note that h21
[−1! ] ≥ ∞ Г (1) | | − ∞ 0 +∑ =2 ∑ =1 Г ( 1, ) | | (9) may be written as

This condition holds for all values of z in O. if we choose h21 (z) = 12{h21 (z) + 2 (1 − |v1|)z2} + 12{ h21 (z) - 2 (1
according to (1.4), then we have: − |v1|)z2}, a convex linear combination of functions in
(q1, s). If both |x| ≠0 and |y| ≠ 0, we will show that it
(1 − s)− (1+ s)| 1|− ∑ =2∞ ( −s | |+ +s | |) Г ( 1, ) −1. can also be expressed as a convex linear combination of
functions in (q1, s).
−1! −1! 1+| |+ ∑∞ (| |+ | |) Г ( , ) −1 ≥ 0 1 =2 1 (10)
Wlog, assume |x| ≥ |y|. Choose > 0 small enough so
If the given condition does not hold then the numerator that is strictly less than | | .
in above equation is negative for r close to for k = 2, 3.
|y| Choose M = 1 + and N = 1 − | |.
Therefore there exists a point z0 = r0 in interval (0, 1) for
which the quotient of above equation is negative which Now we observe that both
is a contradiction and Hence the result.
t1(z) = z + kMxz k ̅ and +v1z + k
Theorem C
t2(z)= z + k(2-M)xz k ̅ +v1z + k (2 − ) are in ̅ (q1, s) and
Let suppose the values note that gn(z) = 12{t1(z) + t2(z)}.

k = (1 − s) (k−1)! and k = (1 − s) (k−1)! (−s)Г (,) ( +s)Г (,) This shows that such functions are the required extreme
1 1 (q1, points for (q1, s) which proofs the theorem.

For v1 to be fixed, then the extreme points for (s) are References
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